cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marine ice sheet experiments with the Community Ice Sheet Model

Abstract. Ice sheet models differ in their numerical treatment of dynamical processes. Simulations of marine-based ice are sensitive to the choice of Stokes flow approximation and basal friction law and to the treatment of stresses and melt rates near the grounding line. We study the effects of these numerical choices on marine ice sheet dynamics in the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). In the framework of the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project 3d (MISMIP3d), we show that a depth-integrated, higher-order solver gives results similar to a 3D (Blatter–Pattyn) solver. We confirm that using a grounding line parameterization to approximate stresses in the grounding zone leads to accurate representation of ice sheet flow with a resolution of ∼2 km, as opposed to ∼0.5 km without the parameterization. In the MISMIP+ experimental framework, we compare different treatments of sub-shelf melting near the grounding line. In contrast to recent studies arguing that melting should not be applied in partly grounded cells, it is usually beneficial in CISM simulations to apply some melting in these cells. This suggests that the optimal treatment of melting near the grounding line can depend on ice sheet geometry, forcing, or model numerics. In both experimental frameworks, ice flow is sensitive to the choice of basal friction law. To study this sensitivity, we evaluate friction laws that vary the connectivity between the basal hydrological system and the ocean near the grounding line. CISM yields accurate results in steady-state and perturbation experiments at a resolution of ∼2 km (arguably 4 km) when the connectivity is low or moderate and ∼1 km (arguably 2 km) when the connectivity is strong.
Análisis de las necesidades administrativas de gerentes de microempresas en Paraguay

espanolLas micro, pequenas y medianas empresas han adquirido una importante relevancia en el desarrollo economico de los paises, asi como tambien en la generacion de empleos y de ingresos para los individuos. El proposito de esta investigacion es determinar las necesidades administrativas que tienen los propietarios y gerentes de microempresas para mejorar el desempeno en la gestion de sus negocios. Este estudio fue realizado utilizando metodos mixtos con un diseno exploratorio secuencial cual-cuantitativo y un enfoque de estudio de caso. Los datos han sido analizados utilizando la estadistica descriptiva, divididos en cuatro diferentes categorias y diecisiete sub-categorias. Como resultado se han podido identificar trece necesidades especificas relacionadas a la gestion administrativa de las microempresas participantes. Estos resultados fueron utilizados como base para el diseno y modelado de un sistema informatico de gestion hecho a medida. EnglishMicro, small and medium enterprises have acquired an important relevance in the economic development of countries, as well as in the generation of jobs and income for individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine the administrative needs that owners and managers of microenterprises have in order to improve their business management performance. This study was conducted using mixed methods with a qual-quan sequential exploratory design and a case study approach. The data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics, divided into four different categories and seventeen sub-categories. As a result, thirteen specific needs related to the administrative management of the participating microenterprises have been identified. These results were used as the basis for the design and modeling of a tailor-made management information system.
Genetic variants associated mRNA stability in lung

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analyses have been widely used to identify genetic variants associated with gene expression levels to understand what molecular mechanisms underlie genetic traits. The resultant eQTLs might affect the expression of associated genes through transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. In this study, we attempt to distinguish these two types of regulation by identifying genetic variants associated with mRNA stability of genes (stQTLs). Specifically, we computationally inferred mRNA stability of genes based on RNA-seq data and performed association analysis to identify stQTLs. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) lung RNA-Seq data, we identified a total of 142,801 stQTLs for 3,942 genes and 186,132 eQTLs for 4,751 genes from 15,122,700 genetic variants for 13,476 genes, respectively. Interesting, our results indicated that stQTLs were enriched in the CDS and 3UTR regions, while eQTLs are enriched in the CDS, 3UTR, 5UTR, and upstream regions. We also found that stQTLs are more likely than eQTLs to overlap with RNA binding protein (RBP) and microRNA (miRNA) binding sites. Our analyses demonstrate that simultaneous identification of stQTLs and eQTLs can provide more mechanistic insight on the association between genetic variants and gene expression levels. Author SummaryIn the past decade, many studies have identified genetic variants associated with gene expression level (eQTLs) in different phenotypes, including tissues and diseases. Gene expression is the result of cooperation between transcriptional regulation, such as transcriptional activity, and post-transcriptional regulation, such as mRNA stability. Here, we present a computational framework that take advantage of recently developed methods to estimate mRNA stability from RNA-Seq, which is widely used to estimate gene expression, and then to identify genetic variants associated with mRNA stability (stQTLs) in lung tissue. Compared to eQTLs, we found that genetic variants that affects mRNA stability are more significantly located in the CDS and 3UTR regions, which are known to interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) or microRNAs to regulate stability. In addition, stQTLs are significantly more likely to overlap the binding sites of RBPs. We show that the six RBPs that most significantly bind to stQTLs are all known to regulate mRNA stability. This pipeline of simultaneously identifying eQTLs and stQTLs using only RNA-Seq data can provide higher resolution than traditional eQTLs study to better understand the molecular mechanisms of genetic variants on the regulation of gene expression.
On Managerial Risk-Taking Incentives When Compensation May Be Hedged Against

When the compensation risk can be hedged away completely, the manager will try to maximize the market value of the compensation. When the risk can be hedged partially, numerical examples for a CARA manager illustrate how incentive effects depend on the relative size of systematic and specific risk premia of the output and of the hedging asset. When the specific risk can be modified, higher specific risk premium leads to more incentive contracts. In most cases call and put options induce higher risk taking than shares, but put options may induce lowering of the specific risk. The hedging manager may be less aggressive than the non-hedging manager when the risk premium is low, or when modifying specific risk while being compensated by put options.
Improving the completion rate of outpatient stool-based colon cancer screening during a global pandemic.

238Background: Colon Cancer Screening is an important intervention to reduce the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer. In particular, stool based screening tests help to increase the availa...
Unraveling encapsulated growth of Nitrosomonas europaea in alginate: An experimental and modeling study.

Abstract Encapsulation is a promising technology to retain and protect autotrophs for biological nitrogen removal. One-dimensional biofilm models have been used to describe encapsulated systems; they do not, however, incorporate chemical sorption to the encapsulant nor do they adequately describe cell growth and distribution within the encapsulant. In this research we developed a new model to describe encapsulated growth and activity of Nitrosomonas europaea, incorporating ammonium sorption to the alginate encapsulant. Batch and continuous flow reactors were used to verify the simulation results. Quantitative PCR and cross-section fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to analyze the growth and spatial distribution of the encapsulated cells within alginate. Preferential growth of Nitrosomonas near the surface of the encapsulant was predicted by the model and confirmed by experiments. The modeling and experimental results also suggested that smaller encapsulants with a larger surface area to volume ratio would improve ammonia oxidation. Excessive aeration caused the breakage of the encapsulant, resulting in unpredicted microbial release and washout. Overall, our modeling approach is flexible and can be used to engineer and optimize encapsulated systems for enhanced biological nitrogen removal. Similar modeling approaches can be used to incorporate sorption of additional species within an encapsulant, additional nitrogen-converting microorganisms, and the use of other encapsulation materials.
Air Travel in Diffuse Cystic Lung Diseases

Patients with diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) require special consideration with respect to air travel. Gas exchange abnormalities may be present due to the diffuse parenchymal lung disease, and the decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the aircraft cabin increases the risk of in-flight hypoxemia. Additionally, in accordance with Boyle’s law, DCLD patients are at increased risk of development of spontaneous pneumothorax due to the expansion of the volume of parenchymal cysts in the setting of reduced cabin pressure of an aircraft. The risk of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with air travel has been examined in various survey-based studies conducted in patients with the three major DCLDs: lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHD), and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). In this chapter, we review the physiology behind the risks associated with air travel in DCLDs along with the available literature concerning risk assessment for flying in this patient population. We also briefly mention the potential physiologic consequences that underwater diving could have for DCLD patients.
CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE: OBSERVATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC INCLUSION BODIES IN THE PLACENTA.

Abstract This is a report of a case of cytomegalic inclusion disease in a stillborn infant of approximately 20 weeks' gestation with inclusions observed predominantly in the lungs and placenta. This case differs from other reported cases in that the fetus is younger than any of the previously reported cases, in the distribution of lesions, and the inflammatory reaction which is demonstrated is of an acute type in the placenta.
Grain Size Dependence of Wear in Ceramics

Pin-on-disk (POD) microwear tests of Al2O3, MgO, MgAl2O4, and ZrO2 crystalline structures were conducted as a function of grain size and the results compared with data from single crystals of the same materials. Extrapolation to infinite grain size in the Hall-Petch type relationship for the structures resulted in lower intercepts than the single-crystal values. In addition, the macrowear grain-size dependence appears to decrease with increased wear. It is suggested that thermal expansion anisotropy (of Al2O3) significantly affects the grain size dependence of POD wear, giving a negative intercept, while elastic anisotropy is a factor in the grain-size dependence of the cubic (MgO, MgAl2O4, and ZrO2 materials. The reduced grain-size dependence is attributed to overlapping wear tracks, reducing the effects of enhanced wear damage. 9 references.
Object-Oriented Programming for Wide-Area Computing

Object-based sequential programming has had a major impact on software engineering. However, object-based concurrent programming remains elusive as an effective programming tool. The class of applications that will be implemented on future high-bandwidth networks of processors will be significantly more ambitious than the current applications (which are mostly involved with transmissions of digital data and images), and object-based concurrent programming has the potential to simplify designs of such applications. Many of the programming concepts developed for databases, object-oriented programming and designs of reactive systems can be unified into a compact model of concurrent programs that can serve as the foundation for designing these future applications.
Effects of Acid on Plant Litter Decomposition in an Arctic Lake

The effects of acid on the microbial decomposition of the dominant aquatic macrophyte (Carex sp.) in Toolik Lake, Alaska were studied in microcosms during the ice-free season of 1980. Toolik Lake is slightly buffered, deep, and very oligotrophic. Microbial activities, as determined by C-acetate incorporation into extractable lipids, associated with Carex litter were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced within 2 days at pHs of 3.0 and 4.0, but not 5.0, 5.5, or 6.0, as compared with ambient controls (pH 7.4). ATP levels were significantly reduced at pH 3.0, but not at the other pHs tested. After 18 days, microbial activity significantly correlated with weight loss (P < 0.05), nitrogen content (P < 0.01), and C/N ratios (P < 0.01) of the litter, but did not correlate with ATP levels. Scanning electron microscopy of the litter surface revealed that the fungi present at ambient pH did not become dominant at pHs below 5.5, diatoms were absent below pH 4.0, and bacterial numbers and extracellular slime were greatly reduced at pH 4.0 and below. Mineralization of CarexC-lignin-labeled or C-cellulose-labeled lignocellulose was reduced at pH 2.0, but not at pH 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0, compared with controls (pH 7). We concluded that if the pH of the water from this slightly buffered lake was sufficiently reduced, rates of litter decomposition would be significantly reduced.
19 Labscape for education: Ballard high school pilot project

The University of Washington's Cell Systems Initiative in cooperation with the Seattle School District conducted a pilot test of the Labscape hardware and software system in a genetics classroom at Ballard High School from April to June of 2002. The purpose of this pilot project was to determine the educational impact of the system and to evaluate the fit of the system for an educational environment. A Biotech classroom at Ballard High School was equipped with four touch-screen flat panel computers, connected via the school's network system to the Internet. One of the computers acted as the services machine running the Labscape database and sending and receiving information to the other three machines. A protocol selected by the teacher was programmed into the Labscape system, and instructions from the paper protocol were embedded directly into the Labscape interactive protocol. Resource webpages containing information about materials, methods, and biochemistry were linked to the protocol through the Labscape interface. Three students were selected by the teacher to participate in the pilot. Students learned to use the Labscape system in a 1 h session in which they were given a short written overview of the system and a series of tasks to complete. No formal instruction in system use was given. Under teacher supervision, students then carried out an experiment from the existing genetics course curriculum utilising the Labscape system to guide and record their work and results. Student knowledge of the experiment and its theoretical underpinnings was evaluated both before and after the pilot using two assessment tools: a multiple choice quiz and an open-ended knowledge questionnaire. Student participant results of the multiple choice quiz were compared to results obtained from 48 other students in the genetics class at Ballard High School. The educational impact, although difficult to measure with such a small sample size, indicated increased understanding of the experiment on the knowledge questionnaire. All three students responded more articulately, completely, and correctly to a number of questions. The accessibility of the Labscape system for students in an educational setting was evaluated as well with a usability questionnaire and interviews of both students and teacher. The pilot project showed that the Labscape system was easily accessible to students, and that students quickly reached a level of comfort and proficiency with the system. In addition, students expressed positive opinions of the system's applicability to lab experiments, listing benefits in the areas of speed and organisation. We believe these results indicate a positive impact on learning and a good fit for the high-school environment. We plan to expand the project to an entire genetics class at Ballard High School and to two other selected schools from the Renton school district.
The Altered Hepatic Tubulin Code in Alcoholic Liver Disease.

The molecular mechanisms that lead to the progression of alcoholic liver disease have been actively examined for decades. Because the hepatic microtubule cytoskeleton supports innumerable cellular processes, it has been the focus of many such mechanistic studies. It has long been appreciated that α-tubulin is a major target for modification by highly reactive ethanol metabolites and reactive oxygen species. It is also now apparent that alcohol exposure induces post-translational modifications that are part of the natural repertoire, mainly acetylation. In this review, the modifications of the “tubulin code” are described as well as those adducts by ethanol metabolites. The potential cellular consequences of microtubule modification are described with a focus on alcohol-induced defects in protein trafficking and enhanced steatosis. Possible mechanisms that can explain hepatic dysfunction are described and how this relates to the onset of liver injury is discussed. Finally, we propose that agents that alter the cellular acetylation state may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver disease.
The importance of optimal drug sequencing in metastatic colorectal cancer: biological rationales for the observed survival benefit conferred by first-line treatment with EGFR inhibitors

Introduction: Use of both the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors cetuximab and panitumumab as potential first-line therapies for patients with RAS-wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer presents clinicians with an important decision. We review clinical data evaluating first-line treatment with EGFR inhibitors. Additionally, by undertaking an integrated ‘bench-to-bedside’ approach, we provide potential models, testable hypotheses and biological rationales that might account for these clinical observations.Areas covered: A literature search encompassing PubMed and the ASCO/ESMO websites was undertaken in October 2014. Search terms included ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘cetuximab’, ‘panitumumab’ and ‘bevacizumab’.Expert opinion: A number of clinical studies indicate a survival benefit for patients receiving EGFR inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting, relative to both chemotherapy alone and VEGF inh...
Active translocon complexes labeled with GFP–Dad1 diffuse slowly as large polysome arrays in the endoplasmic reticulum

In the ER, the translocon complex (TC) functions in the translocation and cotranslational modification of proteins made on membrane-bound ribosomes. The oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex is associated with the TC, and performs the cotranslational N-glycosylation of nascent polypeptide chains. Here we use a GFP-tagged subunit of the OST complex (GFP–Dad1) that rescues the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of tsBN7 cells, where Dad1 is degraded and N-glycosylation is inhibited, to study the lateral mobility of the TC by FRAP. GFP–Dad1 that is functionally incorporated into TCs diffuses extremely slow, exhibiting an effective diffusion constant (Deff) about seven times lower than that of GFP-tagged ER membrane proteins unhindered in their lateral mobility. Termination of protein synthesis significantly increases the lateral mobility of GFP–Dad1 in the ER membranes, but to a level that is still lower than that of free GFP–Dad1. This suggests that GFP–Dad1 as part of the OST remains associated with inactive TCs. Our findings that TCs assembled into membrane-bound polysomes diffuse slowly within the ER have mechanistic implications for the segregation of the ER into smooth and rough domains.
The Effect of Modifying the Cognitive Tempo of Reading Disabled Children on Reading Comprehension.

Abstract The present investigation was concerned with teaching poor readers to use a reflective cognitive style. It was hypothesized that such a strategy would facilitate the reading ability of poor readers. To test this hypothesis, approximately half the poor readers and half the average readers were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group of children was taught to delay their responses and to use more efficient search and scanning techniques. All groups were tested before and after training on the Matching Familiar Figures test and the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test. Poor readers' vocabulary and comprehension scores and level of reflectivity improved following training. It was concluded that imposing slow reading strategies on impulsive children is an important factor in developing educational programs for children with reading disabilities and that teaching poor readers a reflective cognitive strategy may have important consequences on the child's reading performance.
Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: a retrograde tracer study

The afferent cortical connections of individual cytoarchitectonic areas within the superior temporal sucus (STS) of the rhesus monkey were studied by retrograde tracer techniques, including double tracer experiments. Rostral superior temporal polysensory (STP) cortex (area TPO-1) receives input from the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), cortex of the circular sulcus, and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) (areas 35, TF, and TL). Mid-STP cortex (areas TPO-2 and -3) has input from the mid-STG, cortex of the mid-circular sulcus, caudal inferior parietal lodule (IPL), cingulate gyrus (areas, 23, 24, retrosplenial cortex), and mid-PHG (areas 28, TF, TH, and TL). Caudal STP cortex (area TPO-4) has afferent connections with the caudal STG, cortex of the cauda insula and caudal circular sulcus, caudal IPL, lower bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), medial parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and mid- and caudal PHG (areas TF, TH, TL; prostriate area). The most rostral cortex of the lower bank of the STS (areasTEa and TEm), a presumed visual association area, receives input from the rostal inferotemporal (IT) region; more cauda portions of areas TEa and TEm have afferent connections with the caudal IT region, PHG, preoccipital gyrus, and cortex of the lower bank of the IPS. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
A survey of health information exchange organizations in the united states: Implications for meaningful use

Financial incentives will be available for providers that demonstrate meaningful use of electronic health records to facilitate health information exchange and improve patient outcomes. Regional he...
Orientational Effects in Heat-Conducting Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract An analysis of mutually competing orienting influences on heat-conducting nematic liquid crystals, of temperature gradients, solid boundaries and shear flows is carried out in the case of Couette flow between concentric rotating cylinders by solving the governing equations on the basis of the micropolar continuum theory of Erigen.1–4 Several new features of this investigation distinguishing it from other existing theories include the derivation of explicit analytical expressions for apparent viscosity, adsorption layer, orientation field, microgyration velocity and heat-conduction thus allowing for a direct and more satisfying comparison with experimental results. The behavior of apparent viscosity under various shear-rates and temperatures as well as its dependence on the gap-width between the cylinders is investigated. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING RISKY SITUATIONS

This paper presents a framework consisting of seven logically linked considerations yielding nine strategies for managing risky situations. The framework provides a comprehensive method any entity can use to determine its strategy for managing a risky situation. The framework goes beyond the issue of calculating risk to asking how it might be managed The framework is applied in an example involving a human resources manager making a series of three related choices. It is also applied to the choices of strategies for a chief financial officer facing currency rate fluctuations and excessive taxes on profit.
The divergent TGF-β ligand Dawdle utilizes an activin pathway to influence axon guidance in Drosophila

Axon guidance is regulated by intrinsic factors and extrinsic cues provided by other neurons, glia and target muscles. Dawdle (Daw), a divergent TGF-β superfamily ligand expressed in glia and mesoderm, is required for embryonic motoneuron pathfinding in Drosophila . In daw mutants, ISNb and SNa axons fail to extend completely and are unable to innervate their targets. We find that Daw initiates an activin signaling pathway via the receptors Punt and Baboon (Babo) and the signal-transducer Smad2. Furthermore, mutations in these signaling components display similar axon guidance defects. Cell-autonomous disruption of receptor signaling suggests that Babo is required in motoneurons rather than in muscles or glia. Ectopic ligand expression can rescue the daw phenotype, but has no deleterious effects. Our results indicate that Daw functions in a permissive manner to modulate or enable the growth cone response to other restricted guidance cues, and support a novel role for activin signaling in axon guidance.
The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems

Many cases of electrical equipment burndown arising from low-level arcing-fault currents have occurred in recent years in low-voltage power distribution systems. Burndown, which is the severe damage or complete destruction of conductors, insulation systems and metallic enclosures, is caused by the concentrated release of energy in the fault arc. Both grounded and ungrounded electrical distribution systems have experienced burndowns, and the reported incidents have involved both industrial and commercial building distribution equipment, without regard to manufacturer, geographical location, or operating environment.
Study of coating flow by the finite element method

Abstract Silliman's analysis of slot coating is extended to accommodate film flows with highly bent menisci, as in slide and curtain coating, by combining polar and Cartesian coordinate parametrizations of meniscus shape. The nonlinear algebraic equations from the subdomain/Galerkin weighted residual method and finite element basis functions are solved by Newton's method, which is perfected for the free boundary problem. Convergence behavior is examined. Slot-coating results reveal slow-flow zones and show that at high capillary number and low metering rate the downstream meniscus can no longer attach to the slot. Comparison of Coyne and Elrod's approximate solutions with the finite element solutions shows that their assumption of a parabolic velocity profile leads to reasonable approximations of meniscus shapes.
Mutational spectrum of chromium(VI) in human cells

Abstract The mutational spectrum of K2Cr2O7 on the low melting domain within exon 3 of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) gene was obtained from 6-thioguanine-resistant (6TGr) human lymphoblasts (TK6). Using a combination of high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we found four chromium(VI) induced hotspots in a 104-bp target sequence. The hotspots were C:G → A:T at bp 243, representing 4.5% of 6TGr mutants; A:T → T:A at bp 247 (2.0%); G:C → A:T at bp 289 (2.5%) and C:G → T:A at bp 312 (4.0%). Mutational hotspots at bp 243 have previously been determined for hydrogen peroxide (C:G → G:C) and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (C:G → A:T). Two of the hotspots, bp 243 and 289, arose in a common quadruplet 5′-ACAT-3′ in the unstranscribed and transcribed strands respectively.
Parallelism and dictionary based data compression

Abstract Because of the size of information involved with the emerging applications in multimedia and the Human Genome Project , parallelism offers the only hope of meeting the challenges of storing such databases and searching through quickly. In this paper, we address dictionary based lossless text compression and give the state-of-the-art in the field of parallelism. Static dictionary compression and sliding window (LZ1) compression have been successfully parallelized by many authors. Dynamic dictionary compression (LZ2) seems hardly parallelizable since some related heuristics are known to be P-complete. In spite of such negative results, the decoding process can be parallelized efficiently for LZ2 compression as well as for static and LZ1. A main issue for implementation purposes in dictionary based compression is to bound the dictionary size [3] , [23] . Differences in terms of parallel complexity are not relevant between compression with bounded and unbounded windows from a theoretical point of view. Much more interesting are the results concerning bounded size dictionary compression with the LZ2 method. When the size of the dictionary is O(logkn ), a bounded size dictionary version (LRU deletion heuristic) of the LZ2 compression algorithm is hard for the class of problems solvable simultaneously in polynomial time and O(log kn) space (that is, SCk). A relaxed variation of this heuristic is the first natural SCk-complete problem (the original heuristic belongs to SCk+1 ). In virtue of these results, it can be argued that there are no practical parallel algorithms for LZ2 compression with LRU deletion heuristic or any other heuristic deleting dictionary elements in a continuous way. For simpler heuristics (SWAP, RESTART, FREEZE), practical parallel algorithms exist.
Cytogenetic and molecular responses and outcome in chronic myelogenous leukemia: need for new response definitions?

BACKGROUND. Response rates in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are now reported based on the cumulative incidence of a single-time best response. The study aim was to examine the significance of different response criteria for CML on imatinib therapy. METHODS. In all, 276 patients with chronic phase CML on imatinib therapy were analyzed. Cytogenetic and molecular responses were coded as to single best response and response at specific intervals of treatment. RESULTS. The cumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response (CGCR) with imatinib was 91%; however, the incidence of CGCR at 48 months into therapy was only 78%. Similarly, the incidence of major molecular responses (best cumulative vs landmark at 48 months) were 74% versus 62%, and of undetectable BCR-ABL transcripts 38% versus 24%. There was a strong association between achievement of major cytogenetic response (Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-positivity ≤35%) at 6 months to 12 months and survival as well as progression-free survival (PFS). Achievement of major molecular response (vs lesser molecular response) in patients in complete cytogenetic response was not associated with significant differences in survival, but showed some association with PFS. Durable CGCR and major molecular responses (documented continuously for ≥12 months) were associated with longer PFS duration but not with survival duration differences. Of interest, major molecular responses documented at least twice were noted in 71% of patients on imatinib therapy; undetectable BCR-ABL transcripts documented at least twice were noted in 34%. CONCLUSIONS. Achievement and durability of CGCR and of major and complete molecular responses at landmark times predict outcome in CML, and may help in comparing the efficacy of different treatments. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A general solution of an infinite elastic plate with an elliptic hole under biaxial loading

Abstract A general analytical solution is obtained in this paper for an infinite elastic plate with a traction-free elliptic hole subjected to arbitrary biaxial loading. The boundary-value problem is solved by using the complex potential method, but the usual two-fold conformal transformations are avoided by employing the elliptic-hyperbolic coordinate system, which is physical and natural. All expressions for stress and displacement fields are derived in explicit form to provide a complete analysis and to make the solution ready for engineering use. With two adjustable parameters—the biaxial loading factor λ and the orientation angle β—contained in these expressions, the present solution furnishes a most general account of the elliptic hole problem. It is shown that all existing solutions, including the solution of a cracked plate under biaxial loading, can be obtained from this general solution. In addition, the solution for an important biaxial loading case characterizing thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels, which has not been reported before, is also derived in the paper as a specific case of the general solution.
Applications of Landsat‐5 TM imagery in assessing and mapping water quality in Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee

Water quality in Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, was investigated in the field over 15 years ago. However, the spatial variations of water quality were not studied. The remote sensing technique has been ...
Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)

Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)
Postsecondary Co-enrollment and Baccalaureate Completion: A Look at Both Beginning 4-Year College Students and Baccalaureate Aspirants Beginning at Community Colleges

Research examining diversifying college enrollment patterns has gradually gained attention in recent years. Yet, few studies have focused on postsecondary co-enrollment and its different forms such as co-enrolling at institutions of the same level (lateral co-enrollment) and attending a 4- and 2-year institution simultaneously (vertical co-enrollment), and their distinctive relationship with baccalaureate completion and college persistence. Drawing upon data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09) and the Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS:09), this study investigated the relationship between co-enrollment and baccalaureate completion and college persistence among beginning 4-year institution students and baccalaureate-aspiring beginning community college students who first accessed postsecondary education in 2003–2004. Results indicated that vertical co-enrollment appeared to have a positive relationship with baccalaureate attainment and persistence among students beginning at 4-year institutions as well as baccalaureate-aspiring community college beginners, while lateral co-enrollment did not demonstrate a significant association with attainment and persistence across both student groups. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Understanding and leveraging social networks for crowdfunding: implications for support tools

Crowdfunding provides a new way for creatives to share their work and acquire resources from their social network to influence what new ideas are realized. Yet, we understand very little about this growing phenomenon. Grounded in existing work on social network analysis, we investigate how crowdfunders strategically use their social network to reach their campaign goals. We interviewed 47 crowdfunding project creators to understand the challenges they face. We identified three main themes, which include understanding network capabilities, activating network connections, and expanding network reach. From our findings, we develop initial design implications for support tools to help crowdfunding project creators better understand and leverage their social network.
Crystal structures of chain-folded antiparallel β-sheet assemblies from sequence-designed periodic polypeptides

The crystal structures and textures of a family of sequence-designed periodic polypeptides were investigated and analyzed using X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, and cross-polarization magic angle spinning ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The repetitive amino acid sequences are described by −[(AG)_xEG]−, with integer x from 3 to 6. These macromolecules were prepared via bacterial expression of artificial genes and are monodisperse. Crystalline samples were obtained, and the interpretation of the X-ray diffraction results was aided by the generation of computer-simulated X-ray diffraction patterns. This allowed direct comparisons to be made with the observed texture-oriented X-ray diffraction photographs. All diffraction and spectroscopic evidence supports an antiparallel (ap) β-sheet structure, and all structures index on orthorhombic sublattices similar to those reported for Bombyx mori silk fibroin and poly(L-alanylglycine). The unit cell parameters for poly(AG)_3EG, for example, are a = 0.948 nm (hydrogen-bond direction), b = 1.060 nm (ap β-sheet stacking direction), and c = 0.695 nm (chain direction). Selective line broadening is observed for wide-angle diffraction signals with l ≠ 0 (for the 211 in particular) and gives an estimated crystal size of <4 nm in the chain direction. This, coupled with the appearance of a low-angle particle interference peak at 3.6 nm, indicates a crystal size over an order of magnitude less than the chain length and suggests an adjacent reentry chain-folded lamellar structure incorporating the ap β-sheet architecture. A structure with polar ap β-sheets and γ-turns, stacking with the hydrophobic methyl groups of the alanyl residues in contact, is selected by X-ray structure refinement to give the best match with the experimental data. The pattern of crystallization behavior of the poly(AG)_xEG family is consistent with the folding periodicity being in-phase with the amino acid sequence so that the glutamic acid residues are confined to the lamellar surfaces.
Recurrent fever of unknown origin, coma, and meningismus due to a leaking craniopharyngioma

A cyclic leaking craniopharyngioma was found to be the source of recurrent fevers, meningismus, and coma. A sterile persistent neutrophilic pleocytosis with normal glucose and protein was the only clue in an extensive workup. Three head computed tomographic scans, including double contrast with 5-mm cuts, failed to locate the large suprasellar cyst outlined finally by head computed tomographic scan with metrizamide. A handful of case reports exist about leaking central nervous system cysts, but their presentation tended to be different: increased protein, lymphocytosis, and positive cranial imaging. It is believed this is a unique case that adds to the spectrum of chronic neutrophilic meningitis.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: mesenchymal tumor of ubiquitous origin

The malignant form of fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) has attracted significant interest for several reasons: its relative frequency, especially in soft tissues, where it is the most common sarcoma in the adult; its ubiquity, since due to its mesenchymal origin it can be present in numerous locations; and its generally dim prognosis. Despite the interest and controversy that MFH has generated in the oncologic and pathologic disciplines, its radiologic characteristics have not been specifically described. Thirty-nine cases of MFH seen from 1975 to 1983 are presented. Clinical data were obtained in all of the cases and radiologic information was available in 29 cases including conventional radiography in 27, nuclear medicine in 10, sonography in two, computed tomography (CT) in nine, and angiography in four.
Distribution of sub-slab injected Dursban TC (chlorpyrifos) in a loamy sand soil when used for subterranean termite control.

Creation of continuous soil insecticide barriers is a common method of protecting existing structure from subterranean termite infestations. Previously registered termiticides (aldrin, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, dieldrin and heptachlor) have provided insecticidal activity in the soil for more than 20 years (Johnston et al. 1971; Mauldin et al. 1987). Due to human health and environmental concerns, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has canceled these termiticides. Of the currently registered active ingredients (AI) labeled for controlling subterranean termites, chlorpyrifos (Dursban | TC) has been the most widely used by commercial pest control operators (PCO's) (Mix 1988).
A note on the incompatibility of openness and associativity

Abstract The property of openness of an aggregation operator is introduced to indicate that there always exists the possibility of adding some argument value that will change the aggregated value. We then show the incompatibility of openness with the property of associativity.
The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis--part 1: epidemiology, pathogenicity, infection in animals and immunology of Aspergillus.

(1980). The Clinical Spectrum of Aspergillosis—Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Infection in Animals and Immunology of Aspergillus. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 21-83.
Serious social media: On the use of social media for improving students' adjustment to college

Abstract A considerable body of research indicates that social support plays an integral role in determining students' successful adjustment to college. Unlike previous research that has evaluated face-to-face support interventions that occur during students' first semester at college, the current study reports on a student-centered social media site designed to enhance students' perceptions of social support prior to their arrival on campus. Results indicated that site usage increased students' perceptions that they would have a diverse social support network during their first semester at college, even when controlling for other potent predictors. The importance of social support perceptions for college adjustment is detailed and the ramifications of the social media intervention are discussed.
Time-varying risk premia and forecastable returns in futures markets

Abstract We document that instrumental variables known to possess forecast power in equity and bond markets (Treasury bill yields, equity dividend yields, and the ‘junk’ bond premium) also possess forecast power for prices in agricultural, metals, and currency futures markets. The pattern of forecastability in futures is consistent with economic equilibrium as embodied by a two-‘latent-variable’ model. We test whether the latent variables that explain these futures returns coincide with latent variables that explain returns on size-ranked equity portfolios. This hypothesis is rejected, suggesting that futures are subject to different sources of priced risk than are equities.
Ionization behavior of the catalytic carboxyls of lysozyme

Abstract The pH difference titration of a β-ethyl ester derivative of the Asp 52 residue of lysozyme relative to native lysozyme has been obtained. The difference curve reflects the ionization behavior of both Asp 52 and Glu 35. Four micro-constants describe the ionizations of the two interacting catalytic groups. The macroscopic ionization constant, including all forms of the enzyme, for Asp 52 is 4.5 while that for Glu 35 is 5.9 in 0.15 M KCl at 25°. The two groups have an electrostatic interaction equivalent to about 0.8 log units.
Annular Peripheral Choroidal Detachment Simulating Aqueous Misdirection after Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to define a newly recognized complication after glaucoma surgery and to recommend a therapeutic regimen. Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed initially as having aqueous misdirection after glaucoma surgery, but who subsequently were found by ultrasonography to have an annular peripheral choroidal detachment that resulted in secondary angle closure glaucoma, were studied. Ten of these patients were treated with topical cycloplegics and corticosteroids, and 8 were treated with drainage of suprachoroidal fluid. Outcomes of these two treatment methods were compared. Results: Annular peripheral choroidal detachment reliably was diagnosed with uitrasonography. Of the variables studied, time elapsed before resolution of the annular peripheral choroidal detachment was noted to be statistically significant ( P Conclusions: Annular peripheral choroidal detachment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a flat or shallow anterior chamber with normal or high intraocular pressure after glaucoma surgery. The diagnosis of annular peripheral choroidal detachment can be confirmed most reliably by ultrasonography. Medical therapy is as effective as is surgery, although a significantly longer time to resolution is required.
A mitochondrial tRNA anticodon swap associated with a muscle disease

We have identified an unusual mitochondrial (mt) tRNA mutation in a seven year-old girl with a pure myopathy. This G to A transition at mtDNA position 15990 changed the anticodon normally found in proline tRNAs (UGG) to the one found in serine tRNAs (UGA), and is the first pathogenic anticodon alteration described in a higher eukaryote. The mutant mtDNA was heteroplasmic (85% mutant) in muscle but was undetectable in white blood cells from the patient and her mother. Analysis of single muscle fibres indicated that mutant mtDNAs severely impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis and respiratory chain activity, but only when present at greater than 90%. The recessive behaviour of this mtDNA alteration may explain the patient's relatively mild clinical phenotype.
Mg and Zn disorder in Mg1.59(1)Zn1.41(1)Sb2

Single crystals of magnesium zinc dianti­mony, Mg1.59 (1)Zn1.41 (1)Sb2, were grown by a reaction of elemental Mg, Zn and Sb in an excess of Zn acting as a flux. The compound crystallizes with the trigonal anti-La2O3 type (Pearson code hP5). The structure can be regarded as a substitutional derivative of α-Mg3Sb2 by replacing some of the Mg atoms in the tetra­hedral postion (site symmetry 3m.) with Zn atoms. The other two atoms in the asymmetric unit also occupy special positions, viz. Mg (\overline{3}m.) and Sb (3m.).
Acquisition time and inoculation time in transmission of aster yellows virus by single leafhoppers.

Abstract Transmission of a celery-infecting isolate of aster yellows virus was an exponential function of both acquisition and inoculation periods when six-spotted leafhoppers, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal.), were permitted test feeding times arranged in geometric progression from 0.125 to 32 hours. In the single acquisition test conducted, no transmission occurred with feeding periods of less than 2 hours; however, transmission occurred over the entire range of inoculation times tested. Per cent transmissions from a 32-hour acquisition time, or similar inoculation time, were 77.7% and 73.7% respectively.
Zero Vibration Multi-Switch Bang-Bang Commands for a Floating Oscillator System

This paper presents a method for creating multi-switch bang-bang commands to produce rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator system. The advantage of the proposed method is its simplicity and robustness. The amplitude and switch times of the input commands are computed from the 1) desired move distance, 2) the system parameters and 3) the desired level of robustness. The robustness of the commands to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot of the step response. For the proposed method, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that both the number of switches in the command and the duration of the command affect the overall robustness.