cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplify ATE development and measurements

RF and microwave switches are used extensively in microwave test systems for signal routing between instruments and devices under test (DUT). Configuring switches into a switch matrix system enables signal routing from multiple instruments to single or multiple DUTs. This allows multiple tests to be performed with the same setup, eliminating the need for frequent connects and disconnects. The entire testing process can be automated, increasing the throughput in high-volume production and measurement intensive environments. This paper discusses how different types of switches can simplify your test setup and measurements. A discussion on how to create a switch matrix that enables multiple measurements with a single connection will also be covered. The last section of this paper will highlight the new USB switch technology, that provides a long operating life and is a convenient solution for RF switching applications.
P300 and alcohol consumption in normals and individuals at risk for alcoholism. A preliminary report.

Abstract 1. 1. Pairs of college student subjects (36 male, 36 female) were matched on age, sex, and personal drinking history. One pair member had a parent who met the DSM III criteria of alcoholism, while the other pair member had no close alcoholic relative. 2. 2. The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) was obtained from each subject with auditory stimuli In an “oddball” paradigm. Target stimuli occurred randomly on 20% of the trials in a frequency discrimination task, a relatively easy intensity discrimination task, and a more difficult intensity discrimination, task. Subjects indicated when the target items occurred by moving their index finger. 3. 3. No significant overall effects were obtained for family history for either P300 latency or amplitude. P300 latency increased and amplitude decreased with increases in the reported amount of alcohol consumption in all subjects only for the difficult intensity task but were statistically significant only for individuals with a negative family history for alcoholism.
Gender overdetermination and resistance: The case of criminalised women:

This article explores the notion of gender overdetermination in relation to a community of criminalised women in Massachusetts. Re-examining classic writings on overdetermination by Louis Althusser, Sigmund Freud, Frantz Fanon and Jean-Paul Sartre, we query the notion of gender overdetermination and posit it as an effective lens for thinking about the persistence of gender as a social construct. The combination of the structural processes of overdetermination with the discursive and ideological power of overdetermination complicates and reduces possibilities and effectiveness of sustained acts of resistance. The criminalised women of our study permanently inhabit a space in which aetiology, practice, discipline and interpretation are all hyper-gendered, meaning that acts of resistance are construed as more evidence of inescapable and essential gender identity.
The implications of research on the R&D manager's role to the selection and training of scientists and engineers for management

A methodology for improving the process of selection and development of scientists and engineers for management is presented. This involves (1) specifying the RD (2) utilizing such a specification to estimate ‘probabilities of trainability’ and (3) employing the probabilities as criteria for the allocation of resources among managerial selection efforts versus training and development.
Realistic Elements in Dante s Vita Nuova

The realism in the Vita Nuova is an argument in favor of the genuineness of the narrative and the persons mentioned. Too often the work is regarded as mere allegory and Beatrice is thought to be only idealistic symbolism.
Pathophysiology of perioperative anaemia

Perioperative anaemia is a common clinical entity. It is usually due to combination of various mechanisms, including: pre-existing anaemia prior to surgery; anaemia due to impaired erythropoiesis, including alterations of metabolism of iron and erythropoietin (EPO); anaemia due to increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs); and anaemia due to iatrogenic causes. Postoperatively, anaemia resembles anaemia of chronic disease and is probably related to the effects of inflammatory mediators released during and after surgery on the production and survival of RBCs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor, impair erythropoietin-dependent signalling and iron homeostasis. Iatrogenic causes, notably excessive phlebotomies, remain a major cause of perioperative anaemia. With increasing emphasis on restrictive blood transfusion strategies, understanding these mechanisms is important for the clinician.
Stable Feedback Control of Linear Distributed Parameter Systems: Time and Frequency Domain Conditions☆

Abstract Large space structures, or any mechanically flexible structures, are inherently distributed parameter systems (DPSs) whose dynamics are modeled by partial, rather than ordinary, differential equations. Such DPSs are described by operator equations on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert (or Banach) space. However, any feedback controller for such a DPS must be a finite-dimensional (and discrete-time) system to be implemented with on-line digital computers and a finite (small) number of actuators and sensors. There are many ways to synthesize such controllers; we will emphasize the Galerkin or finite-element approach. Although the overall performance of finite-dimensional controllers is important, the first consideration is their stability in closed-loop with the actual DPS. The analysis of DPSs makes use of the theory of semigroups on the infinite-dimensional state space. We will present stability bounds in both the time and frequency domains for infinite-dimensional systems. Currently, the frequency domain approach appears to yield more easily tested stability conditions than the time domain approach; however, we will show some relationships between these two methods and emphasize the role played by the DPS semigroup and its properties. It seems to us that such stability conditions are essential for the planning and successful operation of complex systems like large aerospace structures.
Composite fermions and the Fermion–Chern–Simons theory

Abstract The concept of composite fermions, and the related Fermion–Chern–Simons theory, have been powerful tools for understanding quantum Hall systems with a partially full lowest Landau level. We review some of the successes of the Fermion–Chern–Simons theory, as well as some limitations and outstanding issues.
An anti-counterfeiting RFID privacy protection protocol

The privacy problem of many RFID systems has been extensively studied. Yet integrity in RFID has not received much attention as regular computer systems. When we evaluate an identification protocol for an RFID system for anti-counterfeiting, it is important to consider integrity issues. Moreover, many RFID systems are accessed by multiple level trust parties, which makes comprehensive integrity protection even harder. In this paper, we first propose an integrity model for RFID protocols. Then we use the model to analyze the integrity problems in Squealing Euros protocol. Squealing Euros was proposed by Juels and Pappu for RFID enabled banknotes that will support anti-forgery and lawful tracing yet preserve individual's privacy. We analyze its integrity, we then discuss the problems that arise and propose some solutions to these problems. Then an improved protocol with integrity protection for the law enforcement is constructed, which includes an unforgeable binding between the banknote serial number and the RF ciphertext only readable to law enforcement. This same protocol can be applied in many other applications which require a privacy protecting anti-counterfeiting mechanism.
Role of inositol polyphosphates in programmed cell death.

The role of inositol polyphosphates (InsPs) in the mediation of cellular apoptosis was investigated in mouse MC3T3 osteoblastic cell line. Extracellular administration of InsP4, InsP5, and InsP6 increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. InsP6 was more potent than InsP5 and InsP4 in promoting apoptosis. Inositol hexasulfate (InsS6), a structural analog of InsP6, was used to determine specificity of InsP6-induced apoptosis as measured by acridine orange/ethidium bromide, flow cytometry, and DNA degradation. In order to study the effects of endogenous InsPs on apoptosis, we used NaF and antimycin A as treatment agents to manipulate intracellular levels of InsPs. NaF is known to increase levels of higher InsPs by inhibiting InsPs phosphatases, a process that is reversed by antimycin A because InsPs kinases are inhibited as a result of depletion of cellular ATP pools. Apoptosis was induced in MC3T3 cells in a NaF dose- and time-dependent manner. Approximately 50% apoptosis was observed at 1 mM NaF in 8 h. Prior treatment with 10 μM antimycin A for 30 min significantly reduced the NaF-induced apoptosis as compared with its control. Additionally, we measured changes in AKT phosphorylation, cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytosol. These changes coincided with total cellular InsPs under similar conditions. The data indicated that NaF-induced changes in apoptotic markers could be due to an increased endogenous InsPs that were partially reversed by antimycin A treatment.
Targets of Vitamin D Receptor Signaling in the Mammary Gland

Since the discovery of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mammary cells, the role of the vitamin D signaling pathway in normal glandular function and in breast cancer has been extensively explored. In vitro studies have shown that the VDR ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), modulates key proteins involved in signaling proliferation, differentiation, and survival of normal mammary epithelial cells. Similar anti-proliferative and pro-differentiating effects of 1,25D have been observed in VDR-positive breast cancer cells, indicating that transformation per se does not abolish vitamin D signaling. However, many transformed breast cancer lose sensitivity to 1,25D secondary to alterations in vitamin D metabolizing enzymes or downregulation of VDR function. Over the years, our laboratory has focused on three general areas: (1) defining mechanisms of vitamin D-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells, (2) examining changes in the vitamin D signaling pathway during transformation, including the development of vitamin D resistance, and (3) using mouse models to study the impact of the VDR on growth regulatory pathways in the context of development and tumorigenesis in vivo. Recent developments include detection of megalin-mediated uptake of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and identification of CYP27B1 and CYP24 metabolizing enzymes in mammary cells, demonstration of precocious mammary gland development in VDR-null mice, and identification of novel pathways triggered by 1,25D during apoptosis. Our preclinical studies have been complemented by emerging data from other groups suggesting that human breast cancer may be influenced by VDR genotype and vitamin D status. Collectively, these studies have reinforced the need to further define the regulation and function of the vitamin D pathway in cells in relation to prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Sample Size Reestimation for Clinical Trials With Censored Survival Data

A flexible design with updating of sample size in clinical trials is proposed for censored survival data. Patients enter trials serially and are subject to random loss to follow-up. The statistical inference is based on a weighted average of the linear rank statistics, where the weight function at each look depends on prior observed data. A stopping rule is devised to allow early termination and acceptance of the null hypothesis when the experimental treatment offers no advantage or is inferior to the control. The null hypothesis that two survival distributions are equal may be rejected only at the last step when the weight function is used up. The overall type I error rate is preserved. Independent increments for the sequential linear rank statistic is key to deriving asymptotic properties of the test statistic. Some extensive simulations have been carried out to compare the operating characteristics of the method under different scenarios, and for a comparison with the usual log-rank test with fixed sam...
The independently fractal nature of respiration and heart rate during exercise under normobaric and hyperbaric conditions.

Abstract To test the hypothesis that the fractal character of breathing and heart rate are independent, inter-breath intervals (IBI) and R–R intervals (RRI) were measured during rest and two levels of exercise at 1 and 2.8 ATA in a hyperbaric chamber in 18 male and female subjects (ages 19–74 years). Both RRI and IBI showed fractal properties. Fractal dimensions (D) for IBI were (mean ± S.D.) 1.33 ± 0.11, 1.29 ± 0.12, 1.19 ± 0.16 (rest, light and heavy exercise at 1 ATA); 1.33 ± 0.13, 1.25 ± 0.13, 1.18 ± 0.14 (same conditions at 2.8 ATA). Corresponding D for RRI were 1.19 ± 0.11, 1.05 ± 0.07 and 1.02 ± 0.05 (1 ATA); 1.20 ± 0.10, 1.03 ± 0.04 and 1.01 ± 0.02 (2.8 ATA). The fractal dimension of each variable decreased with exercise and was unaffected by hyperbaric exposure. These two systems were not cross-correlated under any of the six conditions. During rest and light and moderate exercise at 1 and 2.8 ATA the results are consistent with heart rate variability and breathing rate variability being mutually independent of one another.
"Flip-flop" phenomenon on retrograde ureterography establishes diagnosis of ureteral tumor.

Abstract A case of bilateral upper urinary tract papillary transitional cell epithelioma is reported. Retrograde ureteropyelography with films taken during retrograde and antegrade flow of the contrast medium (flip-flop phenomenon) helped to establish the diagnosis of a papillary ureteral lesion.
Calculation of the Temperature Dependence for Absorption in CO2 in the 1750–1200 Å Region

Abstract The absorption cross section of the diffuse absorption bands of CO2 in the region 1750–1200 A in this way the Renner type splitting of the degenerate 1Δu state into 1B2 and 1A2 energy curves is obtai...
Potatoes, Glycemic Index, and Weight Loss in Free-Living Individuals: Practical Implications

Background: The role of glycemic index (GI) and foods with negative attributes related to GI as part of a weight loss regimen has not been thoroughly assessed in free-living individuals. This study examined the effects of a dietary prescription for energy intake modification, GI, and potato consumption on weight loss, dietary prescription adherence, body composition, and glucose control in a free-living, self-selecting overweight population.Methods: Ninety overweight (body mass index [BMI] 29.6 ± 3.9) men and women were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups for 12 weeks. Two groups were counseled to reduce their energy intake by 500 kcal/day and consume diets that were predominantly composed of either low- or high-GI foods (low glycemic index energy reduced [LGI-ER] or high glycemic index energy reduced [HGI-ER] diet, respectively). The third group received no energy restriction, GI provision, or nutritional counseling. All groups were instructed to consume 5–7 servings of potatoes per week. Changes in wei...
Visual field perimetry analysis using evoked potentials in normal and corpus callosum sectioned cats.

Abstract The use of the visual evoked potential (VEP) was investigated in terms of its ability to accurately reflect the behaviorally determined extent of the visual field in non-verbal subjects. Two major adult groups of cats were studied: normals, and those with neonatal section of the corpus callosum at 15–29 postnatal days of age. A light-emitting diode was used as the visual stimulus. For both groups, the VEP determined monocular visual field extent closely matched the behaviorally determined field extent (Elberger 1979). This indicates that the VEP method is accurate, and that it is sensitive enough to detect differences between different populations of subjects.
A configurational framework for diversity: socialization and culture

Purpose – To develop hypotheses aimed at finding ways to take full advantage of the benefits associated with selecting and hiring dissimilar employees such as creativity, productivity, and problem solving, while avoiding negative consequences such as lower job satisfaction and increased turnover.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the diversity, socialization, and culture literature was conducted. In addition, this research is based on configurational theory and the idea that all the constructs interact with one another in order to affect outcomes in an organization.Findings – The literature review and theory development support the idea that, in order to benefit from the positive outcomes related to diversity, organizations should implement individualized socialization tactics within a collectivistic organizational culture.Research limitations/implications – The hypotheses need to be empirically tested.Practical implications – This research suggests that it is possible for managers to get the most ...
Formation of Dihydrotestosterone and Other 5α-Reduced Metabolites by Isolated Seminiferous Tubules and Suspension of Interstitial Cells in a Human Testis

ABSTRACT Interstitial cells were separated from seminiferous tubules in a testis from a 17-yr-old male by treatment of tissue with collagenase. The separated compartments were incubated with 3H-androstenedione and a NADPH generating system. The various products were isolated, identified and the amounts produced following a 2-hr incubation were compared in the separated tissue compartments. The conversion to testosterone was approximately the same in the 2 compartments. Seminiferous tubules effected a much greater conversion to Sa-reduced metabolites than did the interstitial cell suspension. The ratio of Sa-reduced steroids in tubules to that in interstitial cell suspension was 50 to 1. Only seminiferous tubules synthesized dihydrotestosterone, while androsterone was only identified in the interstitial cell incubation. Both 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol were found in equal amounts in seminiferous tubules (7% total conversion from androstenedione). The androstanediols were found o...
Effects of stressor predictability and controllability on sleep, temperature, and fear behavior in mice.

Study Objectives: Predictability and controllability are important factors in the persisting effects of stress. We trained mice with signaled, escapable shock (SES) and with signaled, inescapable shock (SIS) to determine whether shock predictability can be a significant factor in the effects of stress on sleep. Design: Male BALB/cJ mice were implanted with transmitters for recording EEG, activity, and temperature via telemetry. After recovery from surgery, baseline sleep recordings were obtained for 2 days. The mice were then randomly assigned to SES (n = 9) and yoked SIS (n = 9) conditions. The mice were presented cues (90 dB, 2 kHz tones) that started 5.0 sec prior to and co-terminated with footshocks (0.5 mA; 5.0 sec maximum duration). SES mice always received shock but could terminate it by moving to the non-occupied chamber in a shuttlebox. SIS mice received identical tones and shocks, but could not alter shock duration. Twenty cue-shock pairings (1.0-min interstimulus intervals) were presented on 2 days (ST1 and ST2). Seven days after ST2, SES and SIS mice, in their home cages, were presented with cues identical to those presented during ST1 and ST2. Setting: NA. Patients or Participants: NA. Interventions: NA. Measurements and Results: On each training and test day, EEG, activity and temperature were recorded for 20 hours. Freezing was scored in response to the cue alone. Compared to SIS mice, SES mice showed significantly increased REM after ST1 and ST2. Compared to SES mice, SIS mice showed significantly increased NREM after ST1 and ST2. Both groups showed reduced REM in response to cue presentation alone. Both groups showed similar stress-induced increases in temperature and freezing in response to the cue alone. Conclusions: These findings indicate that predictability (modeled by signaled shock) can play a significant role in the effects of stress on sleep.
Simplification of the SVEC-III lead system

Abstract An effort was made to develop a simplification of the SVEC-III lead system which would preserve most of its accuracy and immunity to exact electrode-positioning requirements while reducing the number of electrodes in the awkward back positions. A rectangular grid of 30 uniformly spaced back-electrode positions, including the four original SVEC-III Z-lead positions, was tested position by position in comparison with the standard SVEC-III Z lead in ten healthy men and ten patients with different types of cardiac pathology. Potential differences between the single exploring Z electrode and the standard, combined, weighted Z lead were recorded and statistically evaluated as absolute differences, relative differences in respect to peak-to-peak amplitude, and root mean squares. The smallest errors occurred near the center of the rectangle, in an oblique line from upper left to lower right, without appreciable differences between the normal subjects and the patients. The typical error for good electrode positions was in the range of 6 to 15 per cent, which is not negligible, but, as shown in illustrations, would not affect the clinical interpretation appreciably. It is concluded that the simplified SVEC-III system is workable for clinical routine interpretation, probably better than some other corrected lead systems, but not quite as accurate as the original SVEC-III system.
Manufacturing of cast monolithic hydrostatic journal bearings

In this work a self-compensating hydrostatic journal bearing design, which eliminates all but one precision-manufacturing step, was manufactured and tested. Novel manufacturing methods for different sizes are introduced. The bearing sensitivity to manufacturing errors was analyzed computationally using statistical methods. These results were used to show that the introduced manufacturing methods are more cost effective than the traditional precision manufacturing methods for hydrostatic bearings, even when the performance variation is taken into account. Manufactured bearings were tested and the experimental results were compared with theoretical results and satisfactory agreement was achieved.
Natural gas hydrates – A promising source of energy

Abstract Gas hydrates are clathrate physical compounds, in which the molecules of gas are occluded in crystalline cells, consisting of water molecules retained by the energy of hydrogen bonds. All gases can form hydrates under different pressures and temperatures. The crystalline structure of solid gas hydrate crystals has a strong dependence on gas composition, pressure, and temperature. Presently, three crystalline structures are known ( Sloan, 1990, 2007 ) to form at moderate pressure, and nearly ten structures in the pressure range above 100 MPa. For example, methane hydrate can be stable at a pressure of 20 nPa to 2 GPa, and at temperatures changing from 70 to 350 K ( Makogon, 1997 ). Formation of gas hydrate occurs when water and natural gas are present at a low temperature and a high pressure. Such conditions often exist in oil and gas wells, and pipeline equipment. Hydrate plugs can damage gas transport system equipment. The petroleum industry spends about one billion US dollars a year to prevent hydrate formation in wells, pipelines and equipment. Natural deposits of gas hydrates also exist on Earth in colder regions, such as permafrost, or sea bottom areas. Natural gas hydrates are an unconventional energy resource. Potential reserves of gas in hydrated posits distributed offshore and on land are over 1.5 × 10 16 m 3 ( Makogon, 1982 ). About 97% of natural gas hydrates have been located offshore, and only 3% on land. At present time, there are several successful federal research programs in a number of countries for research and development of gas hydrate deposits. Over 230 gas hydrate deposits were discovered, over a hundred wells drilled, and kilometers of cores studied. Gas hydrate resource is distributed conveniently for development by most every country. Effective tools for the recovery of gas from hydrate deposits, and new technology for development of gas hydrate deposits are being developed. There is a commercial production of natural gas from hydrates in Siberia. Researchers continue to study the properties of natural gas hydrates at reservoir conditions, and develop new technologies for exploration and production of gas from hydrate deposits in different geological formations.
The Relative Importance of Ethnicity and Religion in Predicting Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT Using data from a sample of college students from several campuses throughout the United States, this research examines whether ethnic differences (African Americans versus European Americans) in attitudes toward gays and lesbians are a function of religious attendance. Multiple regressions were run separately for attitudes towards lesbians and attitudes toward gay men. When predicting attitudes toward lesbians, ethnic differences were present in the absence of religious attitudes; however, when religious attitudes were entered into the model, ethnic differences disappeared. In predicting attitudes toward gay men, ethnic differences were never present, while religious attitudes were always statistically significant. We conclude that differences in attitudes toward homosexuals in general, and gay men specifically, are not necessarily a function of ethnicity but possibly of religious attendance and the effect of the “Black church.” We end with a discussion of the link between ethnicity, religion, H...
Issues in epitaxial growth of phosphides and antimonides

Abstract In growing phosphides/arsenide- and antimonide/arsenide-based heterostructures, a number of issues have to be addressed. They include the monitoring and control of group V incorporation, compositions in a mixed group V compounds, and interfaces with different anions. Group III- and group V-induced intensity oscillations of reflection high-energy-electron diffraction, performed in solid-source and gas-source molecular beam epitaxy, can be used to determine both group III and group V incorporation rates and compositions. Interfaces can be improved by optimizing the growth temperature, growth interruption, and shuttering sequence. Current growth models with only group III incorporation kinetics taken into account are not adequate in modeling mixed group V compounds and interfaces with two different types of anions. Group V incorporation kinetics should be taken into account as well.
Mesozoic structure of the Newfoundland Mountains, Utah: Horizontal shortening and subsequent extension in the hinterland of the Sevier belt

The Newfoundland Mountains of northwestern Utah preserve an unusually complete record of Mesozoic deformation in the hinterland of the Sevier orogenic belt. Structural relations of Paleozoic miogeoclinal strata with the Newfoundland stock, which has biotite and hornblende K/Ar ages of 153.2 ± 4.6 and 147.7 ± 4.4 m.y., respectively, and dated quartz monzonite dikes (with K/Ar biotite ages of 150.7 ± 4.5 and 143.7 ± 4.3 m.y. and a muscovite age of 149.1 ± 4.5 m.y.) provide the basis for dating Mesozoic deformation in the range. Geologic mapping at 1:24,000 has identified four geometric classes of faults with known or probable Mesozoic ages: (1) older-over-younger thrust faults (including the Desert Peak thrust, named herein); (2) inward-facing folds in the contact aureole of the stock; (3) low-angle normal faults at a high angle to bedding, intruded by undeformed Mesozoic dikes; and (4) younger-over-older faults oriented at a low angle to bedding. Microfabric analysis of recrystallized rocks in the contact aureole and unrecrystallized country rocks shows that most of the intracrystalline strain is pre-latest Jurassic in age and is characterized by layer-parallel shortening. Post-latest Jurassic intracrystalline strain is minor and records shortening originally oriented nearly vertical. The map geometries, geochronology, and microfabric analysis suggest the following structural history (from oldest to youngest): (1) pre-latest Jurassic regional shortening and thrusting and (2) syn- or post-latest Jurassic horizontal extension during the Mesozoic. In the Cretaceous and early Tertiary, whereas strata in the Idaho-Wyoming-northern Utah thrust belt to the east were shortened by 140–150 km, the rocks in the Newfoundland Mountains experienced little internal strain or were being extended, even though they were also probably being translated eastward above the deep-seated westward extension of the thrust belt decollement.
Dopamine and norepinephrine innervated cells in the rat prefrontal cortex: pharmacological differentiation using microiontophoretic techniques.

Abstract Biochemical and fluorescence histochemical evidence suggest dopaminergic and noradrenergic projections to the prefrontal cortex which primarily innervate the deep layers (V & VI) and superficial layers respectively. Using microiontophoretic techniques, we determined the sensitivity of cells in the rat prefrontal cortex to the inhibitory effects of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). A clear correspondence was found between the response of a cell to DA and NE and the layer in which that cell resided. Thus cells in layers II and III were more sensitive to NE than DA, whereas the opposite was true for layers V and VI. Applied microiontophoretically, desmethylimipramine, a selective NE uptake blocker, potentiated the inhibitory effects of NE in layers II and III but not in layers V and VI. Benztropine, a DA uptake blocker, potentiated the inhibitory effects of DA only on DA sensitive cells in layers V and VI. Trifluoperazine, a DA receptor blocker, selectively blocked DA inhibition of cell activity in the deep layers. Similar experiments performed in the hippocampus and accumbens nucleus yielded results identical to those obtained for cortical layers II and III (primary NE innervation) and V and VI (primary DA innervation, respectively). These findings suggest that using microiontophoretic techniques one can pharmacologically differentiate between DA and NE innervated cells in the rat prefrontal cortex.
Relationship of a measure of selfqactualization to religious participation.

Summary This study examined the hypothesis that self-actualization is negatively associated with reported frequency of active involvement in religious activities. A group of 63 male undergraduates enrolled in a Catholic coeducational institution indicated the extent of their involvement in religious activities and completed Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a comprehensive measure of self-actualization. Results indicated substantial support for the hypothesis. Nine of the 12 Shostrom POI subscales were significantly correlated with the religious participation index in the predicted direction. It was suggested that self-actualizing students construe involvement in religious activities as being detrimental to their psychosocial development.
Oscillating CD8+ T Cell Effector Functions after Antigen Recognition in the Liver

When hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are adoptively transferred into HBV transgenic mice, they enter the liver, recognize antigen, secrete interferon gamma (IFNgamma), inhibit viral replication, and kill their target cells, causing hepatitis. In the current study, we examined the impact of antigen recognition on the evolution of the activation phenotype, antiviral effector functions, expansion and contraction kinetics, and compartmentalization of the transferred CTLs. The results reveal that noncytolytic and cytolytic effector functions and expansion-contraction kinetics of the CTLs are regulated asynchronously and in an oscillatory manner as a consequence of antigen recognition in the liver and in association with PD-1 upregulation. We suggest that such oscillations maximize viral clearance and minimize tissue injury during HBV infection and that poor coordination of these events could lead to viral persistence and chronic liver disease.
Characteristics of the low-temperature-deposited SiO2-Ga0.47In0.53As metal/insulator/semiconductor interface

Abstract A critical task in developing a viable Ga0.47In0.53As metal/insulator/semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) technology for microwave, multigigabit-rate logic and integrated optoelectronic applications is the control of the insulator-semiconductor interface. We have made extensive capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage measurements as a function of frequency on MIS capacitors fabricated with SiO2 deposited onto Ga0.47In0.53As at low temperature (170°C). The effect of annealing in hydrogen at 300°C was studied. MIS structures with minimum capacitance dispersion, flat-band voltages close to zero, interface state densities of (5–7)x1010 cm-2 eV-1 at flat bands and an oxide fixed positive charge density of qx4x1010 cm-2 were achieved. These measurements also showed that classical low frequency effects in C-V data occur at higher frequencies than in the Si-SiO2 system. The bulk Ga0.47In0.53As trapping effects were also more evident. These effects are attributed to the fact that the intrinsic carrier concentration in GaInAs is two orders of magnitude higher than that in silicon. n-channel inversion mode MISFETs fabricated using low-temperature-deposited SiO2 had field effect mobilities as high as 5200 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a threshold voltage consistent with the acceptor doping level and the measured interfacial parameters. In early quasi-full-gate MISFETs the drift in the drain current with time, the formation of an anomalous inversion layer with negative gate bias and the hysteresis in the room temperature C-V curves indicated the presence of interfacial trapping. Recent results on self-aligned-gate ion-implanted n-channel inversion mode MISFITs show minimum (less than 2%) drain current drift with time and significant anomalous inversion layer formation.
Perspectives of probing small-x dynamics in protons and nuclei in ultraperipheral AA and pA collisions at LHC

We summarize results of the recent study of ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) published in Physics Reports [A. Baltz et al., Phys. Rept. 458 (2008) 1 [ arXiv:0706.3356 [nucl-ex] ]]. The study demonstrates that investigations of photon-induced processes in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC will allow to probe small-x phenomena in the interactions with nucleons and nuclei in the energy range W ⩽ TeV allowing to extend the x range of HERA studies for the protons. As a result it will be possible to explore interactions in the black disk regime in a clean environment at significantly larger virtualities than those available at HERA.
On one-homogeneous solutions to elliptic systems in two dimensions

Abstract In this Note we consider a class of nonlinear second order elliptic systems in divergence form and two independent variables. We prove that all Lipschitz continuous one-homogeneous weak solutions are linear. To cite this article: D. Phillips, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 39–42.
Every newton hertz: A macro to micro approach to investigating brain injury

The high incidence of concussion in contact sports provides a unique opportunity to collect data to characterize mild traumatic brain injury. This paper outlines a macro to micro approach in which the organ level response of the head is analyzed through head acceleration data from human volunteers and the tissue level response is analyzed through finite element analysis of these data. The helmets of Virginia Tech football players are instrumented with multi-accelerometer measurement devices to record linear and rotational head accelerations for every impact during a game or practice. These impacts are then modeled using the Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) finite element head model. Cumulative strain damage measure was investigated for the impacts resulting in the high linear and rotational accelerations. The effect of head impacts on functional performance in football players is also investigated to identify any cognitive effects from repetitive sub-concussive impacts. A better understanding of the effects of head impacts and the mechanisms of brain injury will likely result in insight to future head injury prevention methods and cellular research on brain injury.
Coupled-cluster vibrational frequencies for open, ring and superoxide sulfur dioxide

The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the open, ring and superoxide isomers of sulfur dioxide are predicted with the coupled-cluster including all single and double excitations (CCSD) and coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative connected triples [CCSD(T)] methods. The reliability of the results is discussed and comparisons are made to the recent observations of the matrix-isolated SOO molecule reported by Chen, Lee and Lee.
Fitness as a determinant of oxygen uptake response to constant-load exercise

Exercise performed above the lactate threshold (ΘLa) produces a slowly-developing phase of oxygen uptake (\(\dot V_{O_2 } \)) kinetics which elevates\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) above that predicted from the sub-ΘLa\(\dot V_{O_2 } \)-work rate relationship. This phenomenon has only been demonstrated, to date, in subjects who were relatively homogeneous with respect to fitness. This investigation therefore examined whether this behaviour occurred at a given absolute\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) or whether it was a characteristic of supra-ΘLa exercise in a group of subjects with over a threefold range ofΘLa (990–3000 ml O2·min−1) and peak\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) (1600–5260 ml O2·min−1). Twelve healthy subjects performed: 1) exhausting incremental cycle ergometer exercise for estimation ofΘLa (\(\hat \Theta _{La} \)) and peak\(\dot V_{O_2 } \), and 11) a series of constant-load tests above and below\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) for determination of the\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) profile and efficiency of work. During all tests expired ventilation,\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) and carbon dioxide production were monitored breath-by-breath. The efficiency of work determined during incremental exercise (28.1±0.7%,\(\bar x \pm SE\),n=12) did not differ from that determined during sub-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) constant-load exercise (27.4±0.5%,p>0.05). For constant-load exercise,\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) rose above that predicted, from the sub-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \)\(\dot V_{O_2 } \)-work rate relationship, for all supra-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) work rates. This was evident above 990 ml O2·min−1 in the least fit subject but only above 3000 ml O2·min−1 in the fittest subject. As a consequence the efficiency of work was reduced from 27.4±0.5% for sub-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) exercise to 22.6±0.4% (p<0.05) at the lowest supra-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) work rate (i.e.\(\hat \Theta _{La} \)+20 W, on average). The efficiency of work generally decreased further at the higher supra-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) work rates. We conclude that the\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) response to constant-load exercise includes an additional slow phase of the kinetics for all exercise intensities above\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) irrespective of the fitness of the subject. Consequently, measurements of the aerobic efficiency of work during constant-load exercise must rigorously constrain the exercise intensity to the sub-\(\hat \Theta _{La} \) domain.
Publics as Threats? Integrating Science and Technology Studies and Social Movement Studies

AbstractWhen government and industry elites respond to or anticipate public acceptance issues having to do with industrial innovation, they construct models of the public that have variously been described as imaginaries, discourses, and frames. Because publics are sometimes mobilized in opposition to new technologies, opportunities emerge for bridging science and technology studies and social movement studies. Methodological and conceptual challenges for such syntheses are discussed. First, it is important to disaggregate categories of the public, industrial and political elites, and imaginaries (e.g. as threats, sources of innovation, or legitimate concerns). One solution is to use flexible typologies of the relations, such as industrial opposition movements, justice movements, alternative industrial movements, and regime preservation movements. Second, there is sometimes a tendency for the cultural analysis of imaginaries or discourses to utilize all-encompassing cultural logics and culturalism and to ...
Adaptive regulation of digestive performance in the genusPython

SUMMARY The adaptive interplay between feeding habits and digestive physiology is demonstrated by the Burmese python, which in response to feeding infrequently has evolved the capacity to widely regulate gastrointestinal performance with feeding and fasting. To explore the generality of this physiological trait among pythons, we compared the postprandial responses of metabolism and both intestinal morphology and function among five members of the genus Python : P. brongersmai , P. molurus, P. regius, P. reticulatus and P. sebae . These infrequently feeding pythons inhabit Africa, southeast Asia and Indonesia and vary in body shape from short and stout ( P. brongersmai ) to long and slender ( P. reticulatus ). Following the consumption of rodent meals equaling 25% of snake body mass, metabolic rates of pythons peaked at 1.5 days at levels 9.9- to 14.5-fold of standard metabolic rates before returning to prefeeding rates by day 6-8. Specific dynamic action of these meals (317-347 kJ) did not differ among species and equaled 23-27% of the ingested energy. For each species, feeding triggered significant upregulation of intestinal nutrient transport and aminopeptidase-N activity. Concurrently, intestinal mass doubled on average for the five species, in part due to an 85% increase in mucosal thickness, itself a product of 27-59% increases in enterocyte volume. The integrative response of intestinal functional upregulation and tissue hypertrophy enables each of these five python species, regardless of body shape, to modulate intestinal performance to meet the demands of their large infrequent meals.
High-gain series-fed aperture-coupled microstrip antenna array

A 60 GHz high-gain four-element series-fed microstrip patch array antenna is presented. Its feeding mechanism is accomplished through inclined aperture slots in the ground plane. Inclined slot angles were selected to ensure equal feeding to each antenna element. Both simulated and measured results present solid performance with a 4 GHz 2:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth with 87% overall efficiency. The array exhibits maximum realized gain of 12.5 dB, which makes it a good candidate for millimeter-wave systems and imaging applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:91–94, 2015
Nonlinear inversion of borehole-radar tomography data to reconstruct velocity and attenuation distribution in earth materials

Abstract A nonlinear tomographic inversion method that uses first-arrival travel-time and amplitude-spectra information from cross-hole radar measurements was developed to simultaneously reconstruct electromagnetic velocity and attenuation distribution in earth materials. Inversion methods were developed to analyze single cross-hole tomography surveys and differential tomography surveys. Assuming the earth behaves as a linear system, the inversion methods do not require estimation of source radiation pattern, receiver coupling, or geometrical spreading. The data analysis and tomographic inversion algorithm were applied to synthetic test data and to cross-hole radar field data provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS). The cross-hole radar field data were acquired at the USGS fractured-rock field research site at Mirror Lake near Thornton, New Hampshire, before and after injection of a saline tracer, to monitor the transport of electrically conductive fluids in the image plane. Results from the synthetic data test demonstrate the algorithm computational efficiency and indicate that the method robustly can reconstruct electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity and attenuation distribution in earth materials. The field test results outline zones of velocity and attenuation anomalies consistent with the finding of previous investigators; however, the tomograms appear to be quite smooth. Further work is needed to effectively find the optimal smoothness criterion in applying the Tikhonov regularization in the nonlinear inversion algorithms for cross-hole radar tomography.
El papel de la actividad en el desarrollo y la educación

ResumenEn este trabajo he intentado mostrar que los individuos y las sociedades se desarrollan de manera interdependiente, en y mediante la participacion en actividades conjuntas mediadas por herramientas. Por esta razon, el desarrollo de las especies humanas, de los grupos culturales y de las personas individuales, depende de las herramientas de representacion disponibles y de los modos de conocimiento que tales herramientas permiten. Por lo tanto, los educadores, equipando a los alumnos con las habilidades y conocimientos alcanzados por las generaciones previas y proporcionandoles guia y ayuda mientras exploran colaborativamente temas y problemas de interes compartido; pueden preparar a los alumnos para desarrollar la disposicion a buscar y ampliar la comprension que impulsa la accion responsable y para, en el proceso, transformarse a si mismos, transformar sus sociedades y el mundo que habitan.
Direct shipping and the dynamic single-depot/multi-retailer inventory system

In this paper we study a single-depot/multi-retailer system with independent stochastic stationary demands, linear inventory costs, and backlogging at the retailers over an infinite horizon. In addition, we also consider the transportation cost between the depot and the retailers. Orders are placed each period by the depot. The orders arrive at the depot and are allocated and delivered to the retailers. No inventory is held at the depot. We consider a specific policy of direct shipments. That is, a lower bound on the long run average cost per period for the system over all order/delivery strategies is developed. The simulated long term average cost per period of the delivery strategy of direct shipping with fully loaded trucks is examined via comparison to the derived lower bound. Simulation studies demonstrate that very good results can be achieved by a direct shipping policy.
Empowering Narratives: Making Sense of the Experience of Growing Up with Chronic Illness or Disability

Persons growing up with chronic illness or physical disability face critical and often stigmatizing physical, psychological, and social challenges that persist into adulthood and result in their experiencing themselves as different from others. The communication surrounding those with chronic health conditions has a major impact on this experience of difference and on holistic health and well-being. A grounded theory analysis of eight autobiographical narratives of persons with chronic conditions revealed four themes characterizing the experience of difference in reference to the communication that surrounded it, and demonstrated that their authors, in and through their communication, were active agents in reconstructing and redefining their own and others' understandings of different selves. A grounded theory of shifting reconstructions of different self emerged from this analysis.
The Effects of Status Similarity and Expectation of Reciprocation upon Altruistic Behavior

The "wrong-number technique" for eliciting aid was used to test the hypothesis that similarity between benefactor and re cipient only increases helping when future reciprocation and inter action is likely. When helping is altruistic, reciprocity is not expected and dissimilarity need not inhibit helping. The results supported the hypothesis. Implications of altruistic as opposed to reciprocated helping were discussed.