cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal and nonadiabatic Pauli potential for time-dependent orbital-free density functional theory

Time-dependent orbital-free density functional theory (TD-OFDFT) is an efficient ab-initio method for calculating the electronic dynamics of large systems. In comparison to standard TD-DFT, it computes only a single electronic state regardless of system size, but it requires an additional time-dependent Pauli potential term. We propose a nonadiabatic and nonlocal Pauli potential whose main ingredients are the time-dependent particle and current densities. Our calculations of the optical spectra of metallic and semiconductor clusters indicate that nonlocal and nonadiabatic TD-OFDFT performs accurately for metallic systems and semiquantitatively for semiconductors. This work opens the door to wide applicability of TD-OFDFT for nonequilibrium electron and electron-nuclear dynamics of materials.
CHAPTER 9 – Capacitors

A capacitor consists of metal plates separated by a thin layer of insulation, which could be vacuum or air, but is usually plastic or ceramic. Most practical–sized capacitors have values that are only in the range of microfarads, usually referred to as “mfd.” Sometimes the values are in picofarads “pf,” pronounced “puff,” and equivalent to 10 –12 farad. All solid materials consist of positively charged atomic nuclei, with electrons going around them in orbits. If the charges continued to move, then these materials would be conductors, not insulators. Thin materials such as mica that can be put in between the plates and prevent sparks are said to have high “dielectric strength,” which is not the same as having a high dielectric constant. A very high voltage can be put across the insulator without causing dielectric breakdown in which a spark would punch through” the material. The goal of modem capacitor design is to make the insulator as thin as possible with a high dielectric strength, and also to have as high a dielectric constant as possible.
Optimal pricing of two successive-generation products with trade-in options under uncertainty

To entice consumers to purchase both current and next generation products, many manufacturers and retailers offer trade-in programs that allow buyers of the first generation product to trade-in the product and purchase the new generation product at a lower price. By considering the interactions between “forward-looking” consumers and a firm when a trade-in program is offered, we analyze a two-period dynamic game to determine the optimal prices of two successive-generation products in equilibrium, and examine the conditions under which trade-in programs are beneficial to the firm. Our model incorporates market heterogeneity (valuation of the first generation product varies among the consumer population), product uncertainty (the incremental value of the new product is uncertain before its introduction), and consumers' forward-looking behavior (consumers take future product valuation and prices into consideration when making purchasing decisions). With the trade-in option, we show that consumers are willing to pay a price that is higher than their valuations of the current product. Furthermore, trade-in programs are more beneficial to the firm when: (i) the durability of the current product is high; (ii) the market heterogeneity is low; or (iii) the uncertainty level (or the expected incremental value) of the new product is high. Finally, when the incremental value of the new product is more uncertain, consumers are more willing to purchase the current product because of the “option” value of the trade-in programs and thus trade-in programs can be more beneficial to the firm in this case.
The Right to Self-determination as a Claim to Independence in International Practice

AbstractThis paper examines responses of states and intergovernmental organizations to the claims of independent statehood grounded in the right to self-determination. Virtually all assertions of independence invoke this right and it is highly probable that this long-standing global trend will continue. At the same time, only a relatively limited number of them are supported externally, either in the form of widespread public endorsement or outright recognition of a new state. This paper argues that there has been a clear prevailing international practice for more than five decades. On the one hand, international society has accepted self-determination claims to independence put forward by colonies and by non-colonial entities that obtained assent of their parent states. On the other hand, it has opposed claims set forth by non-colonial entities against the will of their parent states unilaterally. However, countries have been unable to maintain complete consistency and, in recent years, great powers foun...
Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography

Catheter angiography is still considered the gold standard for imaging cerebral vasculature, and is the topic of this chapter. Diagnostic angiography is also typically done as the first step during neurointerventional procedures. Mastery of diagnostic angiography is a prerequisite for neurointerventional training. Training standards formulated by the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (ASITN), the Joint Section of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery, and the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) recommend the performance of at least 100 diagnostic angiograms before entering neuroendovascular training (Iserson, J Emerg Med, 5:45–48, 1987). This handbook authors’ preference, however, is for a neurointerventionalist-in-training to perform at least 250 diagnostic cerebral angiograms prior to becoming the lead operator in neurointerventional cases.
Checking pedigree consistency with PCS

Many important problems in bioinformatics and genetics require analyses that are NP-complete. For example, one of the basic problems facing researchers that analyze pedigrees-data that represents relationships and genetic traits of a set of individuals-is evaluating whether they are consistent with the Mendelian laws of inheritance. This problem is NP-complete and several specialized algorithms have been devised to solve the types of problems occurring in practice efficiently. In this paper, we present PCS, a tool based on Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) that is orders of magnitude faster than existing algorithms, and more general. In fact, PCS can solve real pedigree checking problems that cannot be solved with any other existing tool.
Microelectronic systems education at an urban non-residential campus

A modern microelectronic systems undergraduate program which incorporates electronic design automation software throughout the curriculum faces many challenges at an urban non-residential campus. This paper describes both the challenges facing small non-residential departments offering microelectronic systems education and the approach used at the University of Colorado at Denver to begin to overcome these challenges.
Thermal strain measurements of solder joints in electronic packaging using moire interferometry

Thermal strains are the major cause of low cycle fatigue failures of solder interconnections in an electronic package. The strains are created by a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch that occurs between two levels of packaging. As the package approaches smaller dimensions, the measurements of strain concentrations in the solder interconnection become very difficult. In this paper, Moire interferometry technique was applied to evaluate the thermal strains in the second level interconnections for both conventional pin-in-hole (PIH) packages and surface mount components. The coefficient of thermal expansion of each component was measured. The thermal strains distributions in the solder interconnections (typical dimensions are 10 - 100 micrometers) were determined, and the reliability issues were discussed. The strains in solder joints of the PIH components were much higher than those of the stacked surface mount component. Even though the surface mount component had a lower inherent strength, the overall mechanical reliability was much higher since there were practically no localized strain concentrations.
Race and uneven recovery: neighborhood home value trajectories in Atlanta before and after the housing crisis

AbstractWe use zip-code-level home value data and cluster analysis to define three types of neighborhood housing markets in the Atlanta region based on their levels of volatility and stability before, during, and after the housing crisis. We identify the demographic and housing market characteristics of each of these clusters and use multivariate analysis to measure their predictive association with the neighborhood types. We also examine factors that predict long-term price appreciation over the 2001–2014 period. One key finding is that many black neighborhoods exhibited steep rates of price decline with only little recovery following the crisis. Meanwhile, many predominantly white, middle- and upper-income neighborhoods generally more than recovered from any housing price declines. The findings suggest that the legacies of the mortgage crisis may have long-lasting implications for housing wealth inequality and housing markets. Implications include a call for a renewed commitment to fair housing, communi...
Liver in congenital heart disease: Implications of the fontan procedure for pediatric and adult liver specialists

The prolonged survival of children with previously fatal diseases is affecting adult medicine. There are an estimated 650,000 to 1.3 million adults with congenital heart disease, and this number is expected to increase 5% annually. The delivery of health care to children transitioning to young adulthood with some of the severest forms of congenital heart disease clearly merits careful consideration. Originally used for tricuspid atresia, the Fontan operation is a surgical treatment for single-ventricle physiology. It is the most common congenital heart disease procedure performed after 2 years of age. As many as 1200 Fontan procedures are performed annually in the United States with a 20-year survival rate of 70% to 85%.
Obesity and risk of the less commonly diagnosed subtypes of breast cancer.

Abstract Objectives A set of common epidemiologic risk factors have been associated with the risk of breast cancer despite of its molecular sub-classifications. We implemented a case series study with the primary objective of evaluating if obesity is associated with the diagnostic risk of "ER + and/or PR + , HER2 + ", "ER − /PR − , HER2 − ", or "ER − /PR − , HER2 + " relative to the most commonly diagnosed subtype of breast carcinoma, "ER + and/or PR + , HER2 − ". Methods Demographic, clinical and pathologic data were collected from existing databases. The statuses of HER2/neu biomarker and hormone receptors were dichotomized as either positive or negative. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the prevalence of different subtypes. Body mass index was calculated from weight and height data collected at the time of consultation. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that excess body weight decreases the diagnostic risk of "ER − /PR − , HER2 − ", or "ER − /PR − , HER2 − " relative to "ER + and/or PR + , HER2 − ". Obese and overweight women are more likely to be diagnosed with to "ER + and/or PR + , HER2 − ", the subtype that has best prognosis and mostly associated with personal lifestyle. Weight gain with the population attributable-risk factor of 21.3% contributes the most to the incidence of invasive post menopausal breast cancer. Younger pre-menopausal women were more likely to be diagnosed with "ER + and/or PR + , HER2 + ". In younger women biology of breast cancers with positive expression for hormone receptors and epidermal growth factor is a complex that extends beyond the currently assessed prognostic markers.
Delayed plumage maturation in the orchard oriole (Icterus spurius): tests of winter adaptation hypotheses

Explanations of delayed plumage maturation (DPM) in passerines have focused on potential breeding season advantages for non-definitive (subadult) plumage. In contrast, the molt constraint hypothesis (Rohwer and Butcher 1988) proposes that subadult plumage is a winter adaptation, increasing winter survivorship by decreasing intraspecific aggression (the winter status signaling hypothesis) or predation (the winter crypsis hypothesis). Under the molt constraint hypothesis, nondefinitive breeding plumage is non-adaptive, resulting from species-specific constraints on the number of feathers replaced during the pre-alternate (spring) molt. In studies conducted on an overwintering population of orchard orioles in Panama, I tested predictions of both the winter status signaling and molt constraint hypotheses. Contrary to predictions of winter status signaling, I found no evidence that subadult plumage reduces adult male aggression toward subadults. Agonistic encounters occurred at random with respect to plumage and the intensity of adult male/subadult male encounters was not lower than the intensity of encounters occurring within age classes. Contrary to the molt constraint hypothesis, I found no evidence that the number of feathers exchanged by subadults in their pre-alternate molt is the sole constraint on the development of subadult breeding plumage. The majority of feathers grown by molting subadult orioles during January and February were of non-definitive coloration. These results, together with results of earlier breeding season experiments which tested summer communication hypotheses for DPM in this species, suggest that subadult plumage in the orchard oriole may be non-adaptive and the result of constraints on plumage development. They also indicate, however, that the extent of the pre-alternate molt is not the sole source of that constraint.
Cellular hypersensitivity: the production of antibody by cultures of lymphocytes producing macrophage inhibitory factor.

Abstract Lymph node lymphocytes from guinea pigs sensitized to bovine gamma globulin (BGG), when incubated with BGG elaborate a soluble material into the media which inhibits the migration of normal macrophages and is referred to as MIF. Experiments were carried out to determine whether such cell populations also made newly formed antibody to BGG under the same culture conditions used for making MIF. Newly formed antibody specific to BGG was found in these cultures using 3 H- l -leucine and a specific coprecipitation technique.
Determinants of reproductive success in force-re-paired cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Abstract Fifty-eight previously paired cockatiels were force-re-paired based on breeding history to determine the relationship between reproductive experience and nesting success. Males (M) and females (F) were assigned a breeding history that was `experienced' (E) or `inexperienced' (I), depending on whether they were part of a pair that had hatched at least one egg during the past two breeding trials. Re-pairing resulted in four groups designated EMEF, EMIF, IMEF, and IMIF. Nesting success was defined as incidence of, or latency to, nest inspection, nest-bowl formation, and egg laying, as well as hatchability of eggs. Additionally, age, pre-laying nestbox occupancy, and relative cage height were evaluated for relationship to nesting success. Eight weeks after re-pairing, birds were exposed to environmental stimuli for breeding, and nestboxes were checked daily for evidence of nest inspection, bowl formation, oviposition, and hatching. Videocameras recorded nestbox occupancy for 4 h every other day. Overall, groups differed significantly in the number of pairs that inspected nests and formed bowls; nest inspection was lowest for IMIF, and bowl formation was highest for EMEF. When groups were combined based on male breeding history, significantly more EM than IM inspected nests and formed bowls. Comparing groups based on female breeding history, significantly more EF than IF inspected nests and formed bowls. Only EF laid eggs, and mates of EF's that laid spent significantly more pre-lay time in the nestbox than did mates of EF's that didn't lay. Pairs in elevated cages inspected nests and initiated clutches significantly more than did lower tier pairs. Results of this study should be useful to aviculturists trying to select bird combinations and aviary design to maximize productivity.
Organizational Communication in the Information Age: Implications of Computer-Based Systems

In the information age the use of computer technology has and will increasingly change the way communication occurs in organizations. In this article, we setforth an Integrative Model of Information Systems and Organizational Communication. Based on this model, we discuss the communication implications offour computer-based systems: (a) Electronic Messaging Systems (EMS), (b) Executive Information Systems (EIS), (c) Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), and (d) Executive Presentation Systems (EPS). The major purpose of this article is to provide an overview of these systems and, through a series of propositions, to examine the potential impact of these computerized systems upon the traditional areas of organizational communication.
Non-nonstandard analysis: Real infinitesimals

they seem imposs ib le to nail down. They're hard to deal with intellectually. They can mask a fundamenta l lack of unders tanding of analysis. There was hope, when Abraham Robinson deve loped nons t anda rd analysis [R], that intui t ion and r igor had at last j o ined hands. His work indeed gave infini tesimals a founda t ion as member s of the se t o f hyperrea i numbers . But it was an awkward foundation, dependen t on the Axiom of Choice. Unlike s tandard number systems, there is no canonica l se t of hyperrea l numbers . There is a way, however , of construct ing inf ini tesimals natural ly. Ironically, the s eeds can be found in any calculus b o o k of sufficient age. At the turn of the century, it was typical of texts to def ine an infinitesimal as a "variable whose limit is zero" [C]. That is the inspirat ion for the p resen t approach to calculus. Its infmitesimals are sequences tending to 0. I call the system "non-nonstandard analysis" to d raw attent ion to its misfit nature. Having infinitesimals, it is not "standard." Nor is it "nonstandard," however , as this term now has a well-def 'med meaning. In wha t follows, we manipulate sequences of real numbers. We t rea t them (mostly) as numbers . We add them, sub t rac t them, and put them into functions. They aren ' t numbers, however . Tr ichotomy fails, for example . The centra l cons t ruc t ion in this ar t ic le is a rediscovery. Its first d i scovere r p robably was D. Laugwitz. More on this later.
A stochastic model of natural human fertility- algorithms and numerical examples

Abstract A model of human fertility under natural fecundability is an important component of a computer system designed to yield solutions to the problem of estimating the number of acceptors of family planning required to reduce the crude birth rate by a specified amount over a decade. In this paper, such a model is developed which accommodates age and parity dependence by linking together a sequence of absorbing, age-dependent semi- Markov processes. Algorithms necessary for the computerization of the system are also presented along with estimation procedures illustrating their use.
An analysis of the near ultraviolet circular dichroism of insulin.

Abstract 1. 1. The near ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) of insulin has been studied as a function of pH and concentration. The CD spectrum at pH 7 shows a close correspondence with the absorption spectrum, with a peak at 276 mμ, a shoulder at 283 mμ, and short wavelength fine structure. 2. 2. At pH 11.5 the disappearance of CD at 275 mμ in time correlates with the increase in absorbance at 293 mμ. At low pH and high concentrations the CD follows an ionization curve with a pK of 3.0. At pH 2, the CD is concentration dependent. 3. 3. The above results are shown to be consistent with the known behavior of tyrosine residues A-14 and B-26. It is concluded that the near ultraviolet CD of insulin at pH 7 is due to tyrosine and phenylalanine. The C-terminal end of the B-chain is tentatively identified as the monomer-dimer aggregation site.
Potential consequences of raising the Social Security eligibility age on low-income older workers.

Abstract To examine the potential consequences of raising the Social Security retirement age on future cohorts of low-income elders, this study, based on data from the Health and Retirement Study, 1992–1994, identifies factors that may hinder or facilitate continuous employment among older workers born between 1931 and 1941. Specifically, following the analysis of labor-force participation rates and self-reported reasons for non-work, multivariate logistic regression models tested the relationship between individual strengths and constraints, social-structural opportunities and constraints, and economic need variables and the likelihood of work. The findings show that for both men and women, having disabilities was the most significant predictor of non-work. Racial differences, especially in men's labor-force participation rates, appeared to be due in large part to significant racial differences in disability rates. A higher proportion of blacks and Hispanics than whites also reported that they were unemp...
Prevention and Reversal of Diabetes Mellitus: Two Perspectives

Barnard, Neal D. (2007). Dr. Neal Barnard’s Program for Reversing Diabetes: The Scientifically Proven System for Reversing Diabetes without Drugs. New York: Rodale. ISBN-13: 978-1594868108 Cousens, Gabriel. (2008). There Is a Cure for Diabetes: The Tree of Life 21-Day+ Program. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. ISBN-13: 978-1556436918
Vehicle Recognition as Changes in Satellite Imagery

Over the last several years, a new probabilistic representation for 3-d volumetric modeling has been developed. The main purpose of the model is to detect deviations from the normal appearance and geometry of the scene, i.e. change detection. In this paper, the model is utilized to characterize changes in the scene as vehicles. In the training stage, a compositional part hierarchy is learned to represent the geometry of Gaussian intensity extrema primitives exhibited by vehicles. In the test stage, the learned compositional model produces vehicle detections. Vehicle recognition performance is measured on low-resolution satellite imagery and detection accuracy is significantly improved over the initial change map given by the 3-d volumetric model. A PCA-based Bayesian recognition algorithm is implemented for comparison, which exhibits worse performance than the proposed method.
Can the Government Solve Transportation Pollution

Most people presume that government is always responsible for providing solutions to pollution problems, including transportation pollution. This paper examines the validity of this argument from a minarchist libertarian, property rights principles perspective, and concludes that government cannot solve these problems using command-and-control legislation. The primary policy suggested for government to adopt is the strict adherence to property rights protection and enforcement regarding polluters, including themselves. Further encouragement of market forces could be accomplished by stopping interference within the market at critical points, namely the production of roads, production and sales of automobiles, and the subsidization of alternative fuels.
An examination of basketball performance orientations among African American males

This investigation examined the performance orientations among African American and white males in informal (pick-up) basketball games. Traditional (shooting, passing, rebounding, turnovers, and steals) as well as improvisational game statistics were recorded by race. The data appeared to support the rationalization that African American basketball players might be more concerned with individual expression (style) and personal empowerment than their white counterparts.
P-002 The Financial Impact of Flow Diverters on The Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms

Introduction If flow-diverters are to become the preferred mode of treating aneurysms then other than their efficacy, an analysis of their financial impact against coiling is warranted. Methodology An IRB approved retrospective analysis was performed on 500 aneurysms treated in 427 patients. The implant-cost was calculated based on the number and type of coils that were deployed, coils that were opened but not deployed, and use of any adjunctive devices. Total aneurysm-cost included all re-treatments. The aneurysms were divided into 11 mm-groups. Aneurysm-costs were compared with the hospital9s cost for a flow-diverter (PipelineTM-$12,500). An analysis was performed to determine a cost-point based on aneurysm size, and use of adjunctive devices at which a flow-diverter became economically superior to coiling. This analysis was repeated for a hypothetically reduced price of the flow-diverter. Results The total implant-cost per case was $11,447(±$7523). The number of coils had a strong, positive correlation with the implant-cost (R20.8, p 11 mm but was significant in the other groups. The use of flow-diverter was economically better than coils in all aneurysms >11 mm, in all aneurysms between 6–11 mm that required an adjunctive device and in all aneurysms Conclusion The implant-cost is affected by number of coils, aneurysm-size and treatment type. A flow-diverter may be economically feasible in aneurysms >11 m, aneurysms between 6–11 mm that require an adjunctive device and aneurysms Disclosures A. Rai: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Codman Neuro. B. Cline: None. A. Tarabishy: None. J. Patterson: None. S. Boo: None. J. Carpenter: None.
Aerodynamic Analysis of Supersonic Aircraft with Subsonic Leading Edges

Methods for the preliminary analysis and design of supersonic aircraft intended for operation during the 1990 time period pose a problem for computational methods presently in use. Many of these aircraft exhibit a high degree of configuration blending to achieve the required performance. Also, many of these vehicles have wings whose leading edges are subsonic. A modeling technique, which uses three different representations of an aircraft configuration, was used to estimate the aerodynamic forces. A method of calculating leading-edge thrust for highly swept wings is presented and applied. For the aircraft configurations considered the test-theory comparisons were favorable. These comparisons indicate that this technique is bounded in its application by both low and high supersonic speeds.
The Cultural Patterning of Sympathy Toward the Homeless and Other Victims of Misfortune

In this paper we seek to advance understanding of the cultural bases of sentiments and social problems by examining temporal variation in the expression of sympathy with respect to homelessness and famine in the United States and homelessness in England. Specifically, we hypothesize that sympathy towards the homeless (and, by implication, other perceived victims of misfortune as well) varies seasonally in the United States, such that it expands during the Thanksgiving/Christmas holiday season and contracts immediately thereafter. We examine this thesis with data drawn from three sources: coverage of homelessness and famine by newspaper stories in the New York Times Index during the 1975-1993 time period; coverage of homelessness in the London Times over a similar period (1980-1993), and tracking voluntarism to a local foundation serving the homeless over a 5-year period (1989-1993). The data reveal that sympathy for and gestures of goodwill towards the homeless follow an annual cycle, with sympathetic interest increasing with the advent of Thanksgiving in November and reaching its zenith in December during the Christmas holiday season, holding weather constant. The same pattern of sympathy was revealed in the newspaper coverage of famine. Thus, the data support, both directly and indirectly, our contention that sympathy is not only temporally variable, but is also culturally patterned.
Evidence That Sprouty 2 Is Necessary for Sarcoma Formation by H-Ras Oncogene-transformed Human Fibroblasts

Sprouty 2 (Spry2) acts as an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in various cellular contexts. Interestingly, Spry2 also prevents the c-Cbl-induced degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We compared human fibroblasts malignantly transformed by overexpression of H-RasV12 oncogene to their nontransformed parental cells and found that the malignant cells express a high level of Spry2. These cells also exhibited an increase in the level of EGFR compared with their precursor cells. We found that intact EGFR was required if H-Ras-transformed cells were to grow in the absence of exogenous growth factors or form large colonies in agarose. When we decreased expression of Spry2, using a Spry2-specific shRNA, the H-RasV12-transformed fibroblasts could no longer form large colonies in agarose, grow in reduced levels of serum, or form tumors in athymic mice. The level of active H-Ras in these cells remained unaltered. A similar, but less pronounced, effect in tumor formation was observed when Spry2 was down-regulated in human patient-derived fibrosarcoma cell lines. In H-Ras-transformed cells Spry2 sustained the level and the downstream signaling activity of EGFR. In the parental, non-H-Ras-transformed fibroblasts, expression of Spry2 resulted in the inhibition of H-Ras and ERK activation, suggesting that the positive effect of Spry2 in tumor formation is specific to H-Ras transformation. Co-immunoprecipitation studies with H-Ras-transformed cells revealed that Spry2 and H-Ras interact and that H-Ras interacts with Spry2-binding partners, c-Cbl and CIN85, in a Spry2-dependent manner. These data show that Spry2 plays a critical role in the ability of H-Ras-transformed cells to form tumors in athymic mice.
Polytetramethylglykolid. II. Thermisches Verhalten von Polytetramethylglykolid

Polytetramethylglykolid (PTMG) depolymerisiert beim Erwarmen auf Temperaturen uber 200°C quantitativ zu Methacrylsaure, gleichzeitig vermindert sich ab 180°C das Molekulargewicht des PTMG durch eine Kettenspaltungsreaktion. Der Mechanismus des thermischen Abbaus wird diskutiert. Die thermische Depolymerisation last sich durch eine Umsetzung von PTMG mit Essigsaureanhydrid besonders bei niedermolekularen Produkten bis etwa 220°C zuruckdrangen. Die Kettenspaltung ist chemisch nicht zu beeinflussen. Polytetramethyl glycolide (PTMG) depolymerizes quantitatively to methacrylic acid when heated at temperatures above 200°C. At temperatures above 180°C the molecular weight of PTMG decreases as a result of chain scission. The mechanism of thermal degradation is discussed. Thermal depolymerization of PTMG, in particular of low molecular-weight products, can be suppressed at temperatures up to about 220°C by reaction with acetic anhydride. The chain scission cannot be prevented chemically.
INFLUENCE OF COMPANION PLANTS ON OVIPOSITION OF IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE), AND CABBAGE LOOPER, TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON COLLARD PLANTS

Essai d'identification de plantes compagnes capables de repousser ou reduire la ponte d'insectes depredateurs sur les cruciferes
Serum LH Correlates Highly With Intratesticular Steroid Levels in Normal Men

Sex steroids are essential for spermatogenesis; however, normal intratesticular concentrations of these hormones in man have not been extensively studied. To improve our understanding of intratesticular hormone concentrations, we performed bilateral testicular aspirations in a group of normal men, determined sex steroid concentrations within each testis, and compared these levels to serum hormone concentrations. Ten healthy human subjects aged 20-49 underwent bilateral testicular aspirations. Intratesticular hormone concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Intratesticular testosterone concentrations ranged from 119 to 1251 ng/mL, with a mean of 635 +/- 368 ng/mL. Intratesticular estradiol ranged from 0.41 to 3.9 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.4 +/- 1.3 ng/mL. Intratesticular DHT ranged from 1.1 to 7.9 ng/mL, with a mean of 3.5 +/- 3.2 ng/mL. Intratesticular testosterone and estradiol concentrations correlated highly with serum luteinizing hormone (LH; r = 0.87 and r = 0.70 respectively, P < .01). Intratesticular testosterone correlated highly with serum testosterone. Moreover, a significant correlation between the right and left testes was observed for testosterone (r = 0.82, P = .003), but not for estradiol or DHT. Intratesticular hormone concentrations can be safely assessed by testicular aspiration. Intratesticular testosterone and estradiol correlate highly with serum LH concentrations, and variation in serum LH accounts for most of the variation in intratesticular testosterone among men. In addition, intratesticular testosterone is highly correlated between testes in a given individual. Direct measurement of intratesticular testosterone will improve our understanding of the relationship between intratesticular sex steroids and spermatogenesis, and may have implications for the development of male hormonal contraception.
Collaboration forum: an innovation in information exchange for enabling technologies

Collaboration technologies represent a new approach for performing distributed experiments using multiple and disparate simulations. While Collaboration technologies provide potential solutions, there is also a problem in understanding the capabilities of the many technologies in existence, technologies under development, and new concepts. The problem now is keeping up with the rapidly evolving products and concepts within the collaboration community. A new non-commercial web site (www.CollaborationForum.org) has just come on-line to support the collaboration community. This unique web site is designed exclusively by and for the collaboration community. The web site has three primary goals: 1) to be the portal for all information about electronic collaboration. For example, the site includes links to most other related web sites, lists of conferences, and a list of collaboration tools. 2) To promote collaboration as a way of doing business. This web site, will educate industry and the Department of Defense on the tremendous gains that can be realized through proper implementation of electronic collaboration. 3) To support organizations in the development and incorporation of collaboration technology into their enterprises. This may take a variety of forms such as learning from others who have used and commented on a collaboration tool, linking tools vendors with collaboration experts, on-line teaching, and more. The web site itself is a collaboration. Most of the sections within the site itself is a collaboration. Most of the sections within the site offer the user the opportunity to participate by providing their knowledge, experience, and opinions. The site also offers on-line discussion forums where users can discuss a variety of different topics in a free from discussion format. Topics range from getting started in collaboration to advanced collaboration science research. Get on-line and join us in this collaboration of collaborators.
Solution processed Cu(In, Ga)S 2 for nanowire solar cells

Cu(In, Ga)S2 (CIGS) thin film and core-shell nanowire heterostructures are fabricated by low cost, solution based processes. While a standard process is used for the thin film solar cells, a reversed process is developed to fabricate nanowire solar cells which consist of ZnO/CdS core-shell nanowires embedded inside CIGS thin films. The formation of desired device structures with the expected materials is confirmed by various analytical techniques. Photovoltaic effects are investigated on these unique solar cell devices.
New evidence for glutamic acid as an iron ligand in hemerythrin

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the respiratory protein, hemerythrin, from Phascolopsis gouldii was reinvestigated in the region of residue 58. Sequenator analyses were performed on peptide 50–113, obtained by trypsin digestion of the intact protein, and on peptide 50–62, obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage of peptide 50–113. In both peptides residue 58 was unambiguously identified as glutamic acid and residue 59 as glutamine. This corrects a previous mistake in the assignment of residue 58 and makes its proposed role as an iron ligand more plausible.
Coastal Zone Conflicts and Their Identification: The Use of Compatibility Matrixes

The spectacular growth of Hawaii's coastal zone has resulted in a disquieting array of use conflicts in recent years. This situation is further compounded by an oligopolistic pattern of shoreline ownership. The conflicts center primarily on massive resort development by private developers and coastal water pollution due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The most frequent conflicts have been between private resort developers and local residents, the central issue being public access. Visual pollution, water pollution and air pollution are also dominant elements in the conflict rubric. This study shows that an effective technique to identify use conflicts involves the use of "compatibility matrixes." These matrixes enable planners to determine the degree of compatibility of a proposed or planned use with one or several existing uses and thus avoid potential use conflicts and consequent waste of precious resources.
Structure of the 1,4-bis(2'-deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-2R,3R-butanediol cross-link arising from alkylation of the human N-ras codon 61 by butadiene diepoxide.

The solution structure of the l,4-bis(2'-deoxyadenosin-N 6 -yl)-2R,3R-butanediol cross-link arising from N 6 -dA alkylation of nearest-neighbor adenines by butadiene diepoxide (BDO 2 ) was determined in the oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-d(CGGACXYGAAG)-3'.5'-d(CTTCTTGTCCG)-3'. This oligodeoxynucleotide contained codon 61 (underlined) of the human N-ras protooncogene. The cross-link was accommodated in the major groove of duplex DNA. At the 5'-side of the cross-link there was a break in Watson-Crick base pairing at base pair X 6 .T 1 7 , whereas at the 3'-side of the cross-link at base pair Y 7 .T 1 6 , base pairing was intact. Molecular dynamics calculations carried out using a simulated annealing protocol, and restrained by a combination of 338 interproton distance restraints obtained from 'H NOESY data and 151 torsion angle restraints obtained from 1 H and 3 1 P COSY data, yielded ensembles of structures with good convergence. Helicoidal analysis indicated an increase in base pair opening at base pair X 6 .T 1 7 , accompanied by a shift in the phosphodiester backbone torsion angle β P5'-05'-C5'-C4' at nucleotide X 6 . The rMD calculations predicted that the DNA helix was not significantly bent by the presence of the four-carbon cross-link. This was corroborated by gel mobility assays of multimers containing nonhydroxylated four-carbon N 6 ,N 6 -dA cross-links, which did not predict DNA bending. The rMD calculations suggested the presence of hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group located on the β-carbon of the four-carbon cross-link and T 1 7 O 4 , which perhaps stabilized the base pair opening at X 6 .T 1 7 and protected the T 1 7 imino proton from solvent exchange. The opening of base pair X 6 .T 1 7 altered base stacking patterns at the cross-link site and induced slight unwinding of the DNA duplex. The structural data are interpreted in terms of biochemical data suggesting that this cross-link is bypassed by a variety of DNA polymerases, yet is significantly mutagenic [Kanuri, M., Nechev, L. V., Tamura, P. J., Harris, C. M., Harris, T. M., and Lloyd, R. S. (2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 1572-1580].
A search for a low-lying excited1 a state in 1,3,5-hexatriene

Abstract The two-photon absorption spectrum of 1,3,5-hexatriene has been investigated using thermal blooming techniques. The spectrum probes excited states lying 4.1 eV to 6.5 eV above the ground state. The investigation does not reveal the excited 1 A − g state predicted, by PPP calculations with single plus double excitation configuration interaction, to lie in this energy range. Calculations of two-photon cross sections indicate that the two-photon transition to this low-lying 1 A − g state would be weak in spite of the fact that the transition is symmetry allowed.
Image processing and neural networks for recognition of cartographic area features

Abstract The demand for maps and related cartographic products has increased greatly over the past years. This increase in the demand for cartographic products has greatly increased the work load for the cartographer because current practice requires the cartographer to manually identify and delineate most of the significant cartographic features from an image. The availability of digital image data has made it possible to use the computer to assist in the extraction and delineation of cartographic features. This research presents one approach to automating the delineation of large area features using neural networks for texture pattern classification.
Phase performance of an eight-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed analog-delay line

The design of an eight-channel 25 /spl mu/s wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) microwave photonic delay line is described. The performance of the delay line was studied by measuring the temperature dependent relative phase drift between channels and the interchannel crosstalk. A simple method for measuring the maximum phase errors produced by the interchannel crosstalk is described and used to measure the maximum error on a channel in this system. The use of polarization interleaving and dispersion compensation to reduce the effects of crosstalk in the system is examined experimentally.
Visualization of NASA Earth science data in Google Earth

Google Earth, as one of most popular geospatial data visualization environment, has been used to augment the research value of Earth science data at NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Service Center. The solutions of how to use Google Earth to facilitate the sharing and interaction of geospatial data are described and summarized in this paper first. Some of solutions are applied to two-dimensional mapped data to render the data into Google Earth via Earth science-specific software and keyhole markup language. A 3D model based innovative method is proposed here to visualize and display the three-dimensional atmospheric vertical profiles derived from A-Train constellation satellites in the form of 3D orbit curtain in Google Earth. This visualization capability extends awareness and visibility of NASA Earth science data to massive Google Earth user groups, including the general public. The availability of many scientific results in Google Earth enables easy and convenient synergistic research, advancing collaborative and globalized scientific research on a virtual platform.
A Colorimetric Method for Determining Oxygen Concentration in Terrestrial Situations

A method for the determination of gaseous oxygen is described. The technique is based on the manganous hydroxide—potassium iodide method of Winkler. The use of the method in measuring the oxygen content of the burrows of the old—field mouse Peromyscus polionotus is demonstrated. See full-text article at JSTOR
Alteration of rumen fermentation, milk fat synthesis, and nutrient utilization with mineral salts in dairy cows.

Abstract The ability of mineral salts to alter rumen fermentation, rumen fluid dilution rate, milk fat synthesis, and nutrient utilization was investigated in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate, milk-fat depressing diet. Four rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were in a 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of: 1) basal (25% corn silage: 75% concentrate on a dry matter basis), 2) basal + 2.0% sodium chloride, 3) basal + 2.0% sodium bicarbonate, and 4) basal + 2.4% limestone. Addition of limestone to the basal diet reduced dry matter intake but increased efficiency of dietary nutrient utilization for milk synthesis. Sodium bicarbonate increased synthesis of milk fat. Sodium chloride also tended to increase milk fat synthesis whereas limestone had no effect. Milk yields (kg/day) and milk fat (%) for the four treatments were 1) 29.5, 2.40; 2) 29.3, 2.66; 3) 28.9, 3.26;and 4) 29.2, 2.32. Rumen fluid pH, dilution rate (%/hour), and molar percentage of acetate and propionate were: 1) 5.98, 10.3, 49 and 39; 2) 6.02, 12.4, 55 and 32; 3) 6.16, 12.2, 58 and 25; and 4) 5.92, 10.7, 51 and 38. Limestone was totally ineffective in altering ruminal pH, fluid dilution rate, molar percentages of acetate and propionate, and synthesis of milk fat. Improved feed efficiency for milk production after addition of limestone was related to an increase in starch digestion compared to the basal ration (95 versus 88%).
On the Problem of Initial Data for the Primitive Equations

It is first demonstrated that in a forecast with the primitive equations, pure geostrophic or purely non-divergent initial wind fields will result in noticeable meteorological “noise”, especially in a baroclinic atmosphere. It is then shown in a linear example that this noise is greatly suppressed if the divergence of the initial wind field is set equal to the divergence implied by the usual geostrophic theory of numerical weather prediction. The absence of noise in Charney's 1955 test computation with non-divergent “balanced” initial data is explained. Finally, the quasi-geostrophic expansion is used to define initial data for a non-linear forecast with the primitive equations. Two cases are considered, that where only the geopotential is known from observations, and that where only the non-divergent part of the wind is known from observation. It is shown that the initial tendencies computed from initial data of this kind preserve the assumed geostrophic character of the flow, and thereby make it possible to get more accurate forecasts with the primitive equations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01289.x
When negative emotions effect positive change

This paper introduces emotive aesthetics as visual language that expresses and/or evokes an emotion or a series of emotions from the target audience for a rhetorical purpose. (e.g. persuading them to make a positive change in a life-threatening behaviorial pattern). Historically, political graphics have been popular examples of products that use emotive aesthetics to promote positive social change. However, there's a problem today with the lack of time graphic designers have to devote their skills to the continued development of polemical products. A solution lies in broadening the scope of graphic design into a research discipline by demystifying the graphic design process with a methodological view of its components.
Laser-induced reactions in a deep UV resist system: Studied with picosecond infrared spectroscopy

One of the most technologically important uses of organic photochemistry is in the imaging industry where radiation-sensitive organic monomers and polymers are used in photoresists. A widely-used class of compounds for imaging applications are diazoketones; these compounds undergo a photoinduced Wolff rearrangement to form a ketene intermediate which subsequently hydrolyses to a base-soluble, carboxylic acid. Another use of organic molecules in polymer matrices is for dopant induced ablation of polymers. As part of a program to develop diagnostics for laser driven reactions in polymer matrices, we have investigated the photoinduced decomposition of 5-diazo-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5-diazo Meldrum`s acid, DM) in a PMMA matrix using picosecond infrared spectroscopy. In particular, irradiation of DM with a 60 ps 266 nm laser pulse results in immediate bleaching of the diazo infrared band ({nu} = 2172 cm{sup -1}). Similarly, a new band appears within our instrument response at 2161 cm{sup -1} (FWHM = 29 cm{sup -1}) and is stable to greater than 6 ns.; we assign this band to the ketene photoproduct of the Wolff rearrangement. Using deconvolution techniques we estimate a limit for its rate of formation of {tau} < 20 ps. The linear dependence of the absorbance change with the pump power (266 nm) even above the threshold of ablation suggest that material ejection take place after 6ns.