cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Synovial Cell Growth by Polypeptide Growth Factors

In vitro, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial cells display several of the characteristics of neoplastic and virally transformed cells. The recent observation that synovial cell cultures, derived from collagenase digests of synovial membranes from RA patients, proliferate in serum-free medium suggests that these cells have the capacity to synthesize those factors essential for their growth. Direct immunocytochemical staining and Western analysis have identified transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) band and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the cytoplasm of RA and normal synovial cells in long-term culture. Greater amounts of each growth factor were found in RA, as compared with normal synovial cell lysates. Western analysis identified a single TGF-beta band in RA and normal synovial cell lysates. Four bands were identified by Western analysis on RA synovial cell lysates probed with monoclonal antibodies recognizing bFGF, whereas only two bands (which co-migrated with human native recombinant bFGF) were identified in normal cell lysates probed with these antibodies. Gene expression analysis using PCR identified mRNA transcripts encoding TGF-beta 1 and FGF-2 (bFGF), but not TGF-beta 2 in all cell cultures studied. Taken together, these data indicate that cultured synovial cells co-express TGF-beta 1 and multiple isoforms of hFGF. These data further strengthen the concept that both polypeptide growth factors are involved in the regulation of synovial cell growth.
Adjustable intraocular lens power technology.

We present an overview of the adjustable intraocular lens (IOL) technologies that are available or under development. This includes IOL technologies that can be adjusted using secondary surgical procedures, such as the multicomponent IOL, the mechanically adjustable IOL, and the repeatedly adjustable IOL; IOLs that can be adjusted noninvasively in the postoperative setting, such as the magnetically adjustable IOL, the liquid crystal IOLs with wireless control; and IOLs that can be adjusted using the femtosecond laser or 2-photon chemistry. Finally, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies of the light-adjustable intraocular lens (LAL) that is available commercially in Europe and Mexico and in the final stages of clinical evaluation in the United States. The general principles of each technology, as well as their research status, are described. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Dendritic cells in islets of Langerhans constitutively present β cell-derived peptides bound to their class II MHC molecules

Islets of Langerhans from normal mice contained dendritic cells (DCs) in the range of 8–10 per islet. DCs were found in several mouse strains, including those from lymphocyte-deficient mice. DCs were absent in islets from colony stimulating factor-1 deficient mice and this absence correlated with small size islets. Most DCs were found next to blood vessels and resided in islets for several days. Some DCs contained insulin-like granules, and most expressed peptide–MHC complexes derived from β cell proteins. Islet DCs were highly effective in presenting β cell antigens to CD4 T cells ex vivo. Presentation of β cell-derived peptide–MHC complexes by DCs neither depended on islet inflammation nor correlated with the extent of spontaneous β cell death. Periislet stroma DCs did not contain β cell peptide–MHC complexes; however, 50% of DCs in pancreatic node were positive. Hence, presentation of high levels of β cell antigens normally takes place by islet DCs, a finding that has to be placed in the perspective of autoimmune diabetes.
Greater Attention Problems During Childhood Predict Poorer Executive Functioning in Late Adolescence

Attention problems (behavior problems including inattention, disorganization, impulsivity, and hyperactivity) are widely thought to reflect deficits in executive functions (EFs). However, it is unclear whether attention problems differentially relate to distinct EFs and how developmental stability and change predict levels of EFs in late adolescence. We investigated, in an unselected sample, how teacher-rated attention problems from ages 7 to 14 years related to three correlated but separable EFs, measured as latent variables at age 17. Attention problems at all ages significantly predicted later levels of response inhibition and working memory updating, and to some extent set shifting; the relation to inhibiting was stronger than the relations to the other EFs or IQ. Growth models indicated that attention problems were quite stable in this age range, and it was the initial levels of problems, rather than their changes across time, that predicted later EFs. These results support the hypothesis that attention problems primarily reflect difficulties with response inhibition.
STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOUSE EMBRYOS IN VITRO. II. THE EFFECT OF ENERGY SOURCE.

The relative importance of various energy sources to the early mammalian embryo has received little attention. In the past, media used to cultivate rabbit embryos in vitro have in most cases contained 50% or more serum (Austin, 1961). This makes the determination of the compounds supplying energy impossible. In contrast, mouse embryos from the eight-cell stage to the blastocyst have been cultivated in relatively simple salt solutions supplemented with protein and glucose (Hammond, 1949; Whitten, 1956). In 1957 Whitten reported that the energy for development of eight-cell mouse ova to blastocysts could be supplied by glucose or mannose, but could not be supplied by fructose, galactose, maltose, or lactose. Similarly, energy could be supplied by lactate, pyruvate or malate, but could not be supplied by acetate, propionate, citrate, glycerol or glycine. Unfortunately, details of the exact experimenttal procedures were not presented. Whitten (1957) was also able to obtain the development of some late two-cell mouse ova into blastocysts in a medium containing lactate. The recent development of a method to cultivate early cleavage stages of the mouse ovum completely in vitro and the ability of the method to produce quantitative results, allows critical examination of possible energy sources of early mammalian embryos (Brinster, 1963). A number of possible energy sources were examined for their ability to support the development of two-cell mouse embryos in vitro.
Reduction in intraocular pressure after cataract extraction: the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study

Purpose To determine the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract extraction in the observation group of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Design Comparative case series. Participants Forty-two participants (63 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery in at least 1 eye during the study and a control group of 743 participants (743 eyes) who did not undergo cataract surgery. Methods We defined the "split date" as the study visit date at which cataract surgery was reported in the cataract surgery group and a corresponding date in the control group. Preoperative IOP was defined as the mean IOP of up to 3 visits before the split date. Postoperative IOP was the mean IOP of up to 3 visits including the split date (0, 6, and 12 months' with "0 months" equaling the split date). In both groups, we censored data after initiation of ocular hypotensive medication or glaucoma surgery of any kind. Main Outcome Measures Difference in preoperative and postoperative IOP. Results In the cataract group, postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (19.8±3.2 mmHg vs. 23.9±3.2 mmHg; P Conclusions Cataract surgery decreases IOP in patients with ocular hypertension over a long period of time. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis: causal or coincidental association?

Despite the relatively frequent involvement of the basal ganglia and subthalamic nucleus by multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques, movement disorders (MD), other than tremor secondary to cerebellar or brainstem lesions, are uncommon clinical manifestations of MS. MD were present in 12 of 733 patients with MS (1.6%): three patients had parkinsonism, two blepharospasm, five hemifacial spasm, one hemidystonia, and one tourettism. MD in patients with MS are often secondary to demyelinating disease. Also in cases without response to steroid treatment and demyelinating lesions in critical regions, it is not possible to exclude that MD and MS are causally related.
Intestinal Hormones and Regulation of Satiety: The Case for CCK, GLP-1, PYY, and Apo A-IV

Satiety, the physiologic processes that combine to bring about the cessation of a meal, is controlled in part by intestinal peptide secretion. The effects of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide I, peptide YY, and apolipoprotein A-IV are described.
Lactobacillus Bacteremia: Description of the Clinical Course in Adult Patients Without Endocarditis

Lactobacillus bacteremia in the absence of endocarditis is a rare entity, and the clinical relevance of such bacteremia remains unclear. The clinical courses of lactobacillus bacteremia without endocarditis in 43 previously described patients and 12 new patients were reviewed. Bacteremia with Lactobacillus alone occurred in 34 (62%) of the patients, and 12 (22%) of the patients had bacteremia with other organisms, including Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus was isolated from another site in 18 (33%) of these patients. Intravenous catheter infections were not noted in these patients. Underlying conditions included cancer (6 patients), organ transplantation (9), diabetes mellitus (4), and recent surgery (12). Fever occurred in all patients, and eight (15%) of the patients experienced a sepsis syndrome. The mortality rate was 14%; however, only three deaths were attributed soley to lactobacillus sepsis. Lactobacillus bacteremia is an uncommon condition that usually occurs in patients with severe underlying illnesses and is frequently seen as a part of a polymicrobial infection. Blood cultures positive for Lactobacillus represent true infection and not contamination. Although resistance to commonly used antibiotics is common, the mortality rate associated with this bacteremia appears to be low.
Generating LR syntax error messages from examples

LR parser generators are powerful and well-understood, but the parsers they generate are not suited to provide good error messages. Many compilers incur extensive modifications to the source grammar to produce useful syntax error messages. Interpreting the parse state (and input token) at the time of error is a nonintrusive alternative that does not entangle the error recovery mechanism in error message production. Unfortunately, every change to the grammar may significantly alter the mapping from parse states to diagnostic messages, creating a maintenance problem.Merr is a tool that allows a compiler writer to associate diagnostic messages with syntax errors by example, avoiding the need to add error productions to the grammar or interpret integer parse states. From a specification of errors and messages, Merr runs the compiler on each example error to obtain the relevant parse state and input token, and generates a yyerror() function that maps parse states and input tokens to diagnostic messages. Merr enables useful syntax error messages in LR-based compilers in a manner that is robust in the presence of grammar changes.
Effect of electrical charge on chondrocyte attachment

Our goal in this study is to develop hydrogels which serve as a substrate for chondrocyte attachment, proliferation and differentiation. We used oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate (OPF) as matrix of the hydrogels and incoporated charged molecules, sodium 2-Sulfoethyl methacrylate (SEMA) for negative and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride (MAETAC) for positive charge. Swelling ratio of hydrogels was measured in PBS and deionized water at 37°C. In general, the negatively charged hydrogels showed a higher swelling ratio than positive or neutral charged. Both negatively and positively charged hydrogels had higher swelling ratio in deionized water as opposed to the PBS. Further we characterized the surface chemical structure of the hydrogels using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The results showed incorporation of the charged molecules on the surface of the hydrogels. To investigate the effect of electrical charge on chondrocyte attachment, chondrocytes were seeded on the hydrogels at the density of 20,000 cells/cm2. At desired time points, cells were stained for viability and morphology. Our results showed that chondrocyte behavior is influenced by the type and density of electrical charge incorporated into the hydrogels.
Social Stories™ and Young Children: Strategies for Teachers

Social Stories are becoming a popular intervention used to improve the social skills of children with disabilities. This article examines the use of Social Stories with young children with disabili...
Mechanisms of Halotolerance in Microorganisms

Microorganisms have the ability to adapt to a wide range of NaCl concentrations. In general the NaCl tolerance shown by microbes far exceeds the salt tolerance of any other organism, procryote or eukaryote. There are at least three mechanisms available for adaptation to different salt concentrations. The first would be a passive one in which the cytoplasmic ion content would always equal that in the medium. A second mechanism which is used by many organisms involves concentrating compatible solutes to create an osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the external environment. The third mechanism involves changing the cell physiology to control the movement of water allowing the cell to exist with an ionically dilute cytoplasm. This article will review the major developments and discuss the implications of increasing knowledge about salt tolerance in microorganisms.
POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF X-RAY EXPOSURE DURING FETAL LIFE ON THE SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HUMAN FEMALES

This continuing study investigates possible effects of X ray exposure during fetal life on the later fertility of human females and on their offspring. The study population comprises 1458 black females exposed to X ray during fetal life each with an unexposed control matched by hospital of birth parity and birth date; all were born in 1947-1952 and are residents of Baltimore City. At the end of 1970 these in utero exposed and unexposed control females had a total of 2422 live births and fetal deaths ascertained from Baltimore City vital records. Exposed women had significantly more live and still births than controls. The observed level of increased fertility in exposed subjects is 10 to 15%. The possible confounding influence of economic social and medical differences between exposed and control members of the study population has been stringently analyzed by several methods and the fertility difference remains. The possibility that the observed increase in fertility among exposed women may be related to their in utero exposure is supported by several studies in experimental animals that show temporary increases in fertility early in reproductive life after preconception prenatal or juvenile exposure to low doses of radiation. Analysis of fetal and infant mortality among the offspring of study population members showed a nonsignificant excess in the exposed group. Causes of death that were increased if the mother was exposed were congenital anomalies and conditions of membranes placenta and cord. (authors)
Conductance Fluctuations in Amorphous Silicon Nanoparticles

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanoparticles with an average diameter of 150 nm have been synthesized by high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition. The particles are deposited onto a conducting substrate and are then surrounded by an insulating matrix, electrically isolating the particles. Electrical contact is made to the top of each nanoparticle; the current-voltage characteristics of the nanoparticles indicate that transport is space-charge limited through the a-Si:H. The spectral density of the current fluctuations in the a-Si:H nanoparticles is well described by a 1/f frequency dependence for frequency f However, the octave separation dependence of the correlation coefficients of the noise power for the nanoparticles are very well described by an ensemble of fluctuators whose amplitudes are independently modulated in parallel, rather than the serial kinetics typically observed in bulk a-Si:H.
Data and Metering Infrastructure for Sustainable Consumption and Production

This paper defines a framework to construct a distributed information and computation engine to calculate the energy, material and information flow of a consumer product over the two dimensions of lifecycle and supply chain. These two dimensions construct a network in which energy content calculation is performed using hierarchical top-down mapping of energy flow. At the network’s atomic level (representing industrial or business processes), energy consuming activities as well as data requirements at process or activity level are defined. The question of data metering infrastructure as a critical and key component of such energy content calculation is also addressed. Overall, the approach is to relate system information and metrics on multiple scales and levels of complexity and to integrate this input within a dynamic information processing and knowledge generating framework. Data sourcing and metering infrastructure proposed here consists of three classes of metering structure: Physical Metering, Virtual Metering, and Simulated Metering. The applicability of proposed tools and approaches are demonstrated through a case study relevant to a conventional consumer product’s supply chain.© 2013 ASME
Selection of chiral zinc catalysts for the kinetic resolution of esters via dynamic templating.

Dynamic combinatorial libraries of chiral tetradentate bis-imine zinc(II) complexes have been prepared and screened for (1) their discrimination of enantiomeric picolinate esters and pyridyl phosphonate transition state analogs (TSAs) and (2) their catalytic activity and selectivity for enantioselective methanolysis of racemic picolinate esters. The zinc complexes are in equilibrium with their imine ligands as well as with the aldehyde and amine building blocks that form them, enabling the composition of the library to adapt in response to the introduction of coordinating substrates or TSAs. Binary (L)Zn(OTf)(solv)+ complexes are generated either individually or in libraries from chiral tartrate-derived diamines (2,3) and a set of N-heterocyclic aldehydes (4–12) and the distribution of complexes established by ESI-MS analysis. Binding studies of the (diimine)Zn(OTf)2 complex libraries with enantiomeric R- and S-2-pyridyl phosphonate TSA 13 show chiral discrimination via formation of diastereomeric LZn(R/S...
Characteristics of Corporate Executives: A Research Note

The article presents a study on particular characteristics of executives in high technological industries compared to those in lower technology industries. The hypotheses of the study were that the...
John H. Laragh, MD

John H. Laragh, MD, Founding President of the American Society of Hypertension and Founding Editor-inchief of the American Journal of Hypertension, died on March 20, 2015, at the age of 90 years. Dr Laragh was a ‘‘larger than life’’ figure who carried out groundbreaking research on the pathogenesis of hypertension and its vascular complications and then translated his findings into novel therapies for hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. His transformational work brought hypertension research and treatment into the public eye. His discoveries led to a cover story entitled, ‘‘Hypertension–Conquering the Quiet Killer’’ in the January 13, 1973, issue of Time Magazine. His important contributions to hypertension research were also recognized by a large number of professional societies, including the American Heart Association, which awarded him the Stouffer Prize for Hypertension Research in 1969 and the American Heart Association Distinguished Achievement Award, presented by the Council for High Blood Pressure Research in 1999. The interests of Dr Laragh in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its related cardiovascular diseases led him away from his training in cardiology to carry out studies that were traditionally in the province of endocrinology or nephrology. Remarkably, he held leadership and administrative positions in academic units that spanned three medical subspecialities. He first served as Director of the Cardiology Division at the Francis Delafield Hospital (an affiliate of Columbia University), then Chief of the Nephrology Division and Director of the Hypertension Center at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and finally Chief of the Division of Cardiology and Director of the Cardiovascular Center at Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center. The research by Dr Laragh on the renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system capitalized on the earlier observations of Goldblatt that renal artery constriction raises blood pressure by increasing renin secretion and of Conn that
Mapping the Unfindable

In the transnational economy, many cities are undergoing erasures similar to what struck downtown Los Angeles during the fifties and sixties.1 Recently, I visited the Potsdammer Platz in Berlin, a vast petting zoo for the global economy, larger than all of downtown Los Angeles. Memories of World War II and the Berlin Wall are dwarfed by the parachute entryway to the Sony Media Center. Potsdammer Platz is like five Century Cities laid end to end, arguably the largest monument in Europe to collective forgetting. On the other end of the globe, Shanghai has added 3,000 skyscrapers in the last decade. They have erased much of he city’s older core and are literally sinking like Venice into the unstable swampland where Shanghai began.
Corporate Environmental Sustainability and DEA

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a flexible management tool and methodology that can be utilized in a variety of ways. This flexibility is evident in the applications of DEA for investigating corporate environmental sustainability and management. In this chapter an overview of DEA and how it can be utilized alone and with other techniques to investigate corporate environmental sustainability questions is presented. Discussion on how DEA has been used for environmental sustainability theory development and testing using empirical information makes up a core aspect of some of the major contributions DEA has provided in this field. DEA is also used as a management decision support tool, which includes benchmarking and multiple criteria decision making. Some details on how each was used with exemplary references are included. Some future DEA directions that could be used for research and application in corporate environmental sustainability is also defined.
A trans‐national monarch butterfly population model and implications for regional conservation priorities

1. The monarch has undergone considerable population declines over the past decade, and the governments of Mexico, Canada, and the United States have agreed to work together to conserve the species. 2. Given limited resources, understanding where to focus conservation action is key for widespread species like monarchs. To support planning for continental-scale monarch habitat restoration, we address the question of where restoration efforts are likely to have the largest impacts on monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus Linn.) population growth rates. 3. We present a spatially explicit demographic model simulating the multi-generational annual cycle of the eastern monarch population, and use the model to examine management scenarios, some of which focus on particular regions of North America. 4. Improving the monarch habitat in the north central or southern parts of the monarch range yields a slightly greater increase in the population growth rate than restoration in other regions. However, combining restoration efforts across multiple regions yields population growth rates above 1 with smaller simulated improvements in habitat per region than single-region strategies. 5. Synthesis and applications: These findings suggest that conservation investment in projects across the full monarch range will be more effective than focusing on one or a few regions, and will require international cooperation across many land use categories.
Evolving decision trees to detect anomalies in recurrent ICS networks

Researchers have previously attempted to apply machine learning techniques to network anomaly detection problems. Due to the staggering amount of variety that can occur in normal networks, as well as the difficulty in capturing realistic data sets for supervised learning or testing, the results have often been underwhelming. These challenges are far less pronounced when considering industrial control system (ICS) networks. The recurrent nature of these networks results in less noise and more consistent patterns for a machine learning algorithm to recognize. We propose a method of evolving decision trees through genetic programming (GP) in order to detect network anomalies, such as device outages. Our approach extracts over a dozen features from network packet captures and netflows, normalizes them, and relates them in decision trees using fuzzy logic operators. We used the trees to detect three specific network events from three different points on the network across a statistically significant number of runs and achieved 100% accuracy on five of the nine experiments. When the trees attempted to detect more challenging events at points of presence further from the occurrence, the accuracy averaged to above 98%. On cases where the trees were many hops away and not enough information was available, the accuracy dipped to roughly 50%, or that of a random search. Using our method, all of the evolutionary cycles of the GP algorithm are computed a-priori, allowing the best resultant trees to be deployed as semi-real-time sensors with little overhead. In order for the trees to perform optimally, buffered packets and flows need to be ingested at twenty minute intervals.
The Nexus of State and Local Capacity in Vertical Policy Diffusion

This article examines the vertical diffusion of a policy between a state and its local governments. Although policy diffusion typically relies upon multiple mechanisms, diffusion between a state and its local governments relies primarily on coercion. Using a case study of state-mandated adherence to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), we show that the coercion mechanism is dependent upon the capacity of the state and local governments to adopt and implement a policy, as well as the discretion available to a local government. Utilizing data from all 50 states as of 2008, our findings show that the vertical diffusion of a policy is reliant on a state’s fiscal capacity and the personnel capacity of the local government. We also found that strong institutional autonomy at the local level leads a state to adopt a GAAP mandate.
Statistical distribution of EMIC wave spectra: Observations from Van Allen Probes

It has been known that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can precipitate ultrarelativistic electrons through cyclotron resonant scattering. However, the overall effectiveness of this mechanism has yet to be quantified, because it is difficult to obtain the global distribution of EMIC waves that usually exhibit limited spatial presence. We construct a statistical distribution of EMIC wave frequency spectra and their intensities based on Van Allen Probes measurements from September 2012 to December 2015. Our results show that as the ratio of plasma frequency over electron gyrofrequency increases, EMIC wave power becomes progressively dominated by the helium band. There is a pronounced dawn-dusk asymmetry in the wave amplitude and the frequency spectrum. The frequency spectrum does not follow the commonly used single-peak Gaussian function. Incorporating these realistic EMIC wave frequency spectra into radiation belt models is expected to improve the quantification of EMIC wave scattering effects in ultrarelativistic electron dynamics.
Chapter 1 – Cancer Metastasis: An Introduction

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The one factor that makes cancer particularly lethal is its ability to metastasize. Cancer, localized at primary site, is generally associated with good prognosis, however, its escape from the confines of primary organ and onto distant organs is largely untreatable. A number of molecular factors are under investigation for their role in cancer metastasis. In the introductory chapter of this volume, our goal is to summarize the process of metastasis and provide an updated information on what is known about the general process of cancer metastasis. Other chapters in this volume will provide a more detailed overview of metastasis from, and to, specific organs.
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 predictors - Epidemiological perspective from a national database analysis.

Abstract Objective Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 is a disabling pain disorder with unclear etiology. It is usually triggered by an injury to a limb with or without specific nerve injury. The objective of this study is to explore the risk factors and predictors for this disease utilizing a large national database. Design Retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2007 to 2011 in the United States. Setting and patients Adult inpatients diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Statistical analysis Chi-square, simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The regression model was adjusted to the patient's demographics and comorbidities. Main results There were 22,533 patients with the discharge diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of an inpatient sample of 33,406,123. It peaks between age 45 and 55. Female gender, Caucasian race, higher median household income, headache, depression, drug abuse and private insurance patients (vs Medicaid patients) were associated with higher rate of complex regional pain syndrome type 1. On the other hand, diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism, and anemia were associated with a lower rate. Conclusions Utilizing a large database, our study added more information to the risk profile of the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in an inpatient population. Such information should be useful for physician for early recognition, diagnosis of patients at risk.
Predicting cognitive behavioral therapy response in social anxiety disorder with anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala during emotion regulation.

Abstract Background Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) and other internalizing conditions attempts to improve emotion regulation. Accumulating data indicate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and to a lesser extent amygdala, activation in various tasks predicts treatment outcome. However, little is known about ACC and amygdala activation to emotion regulation in predicting clinical improvement following CBT in SAD. Methods Before treatment, 38 SAD patients completed implicit and explicit emotion regulation paradigms during fMRI. Implicit regulation involved attentional control over negative distractors. Explicit regulation comprised cognitive reappraisal to negative images. Pre-CBT brain activity was circumscribed to anatomical-based ACC sub-regions (rostral, dorsal) and amygdala masks, which were submitted to ROC curves to examine predictive validity as well as correlational analysis to evaluate prognostic change in symptom severity. Results More rostral (rACC) activity in implicit regulation and less rACC activity during explicit regulation distinguished responders (34%) from non-responders. Greater amygdala response in implicit regulation also foretold responder status. Baseline rACC and amygdala activity during attentional control correlated with pre-to-post CBT change in symptom severity such that more activation was related to greater decline in symptoms. No significant correlations were observed for explicit regulation. Conclusions Across forms of regulation, rACC activity predicted responder status whereas amygdala as a neuromarker was limited to implicit regulation. While the direction of effects (enhanced vs. reduced) in rACC activity was task-dependent, results suggest SAD patients with deficient regulation benefited more from CBT. Findings support previous studies involving patients with depression and suggest the rACC may be a viable marker of clinical improvement in SAD.
Frequency-Dependent Solvent Impedance and Colloid Microelectrophoresis Measurements in Partially Polar Solvents.

We carry out frequency-dependent solvent impedance measurements and alternating current (ac) colloid microelectrophoresis experiments in partially polar solvents in the low-frequency regime (0.25 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 Hz). Solvent electrode polarization effects are quantified first in partially polar solvent mixtures containing bromocyclohexane (CHB). We find that the polarization capacitance from electrode polarization exhibits a clear power law behavior Cp = Cp0 f–m with power law exponent m = 0.25 ± 0.04. Once we account for electrode polarization effects, we are able to obtain quantitative mobilities in the low-frequency regime from our ac microelectrophoresis measurements; for these measurements, we use poly(methyl methacrylate colloids that are gravitationally confined to a plane while suspended in a low-polar solvent mixture of cis–trans decahydronapthalene and CHB. We find that the dimensionless electrophoretic mobility is constant, consistent with expectations for frequencies below the ion-diffusion freque...
Asset Mapping: A Tool to Enhance Your CSPAP Efforts

Comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs) are one way to help students achieve most, if not all, of the recommended 60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)....
Philosophical Reflections on Self-Worth and Self-Love:

There is both good and evil in the biblical view of the human self. But because of the biblical emphasis on human sin, the importance of positive self-love is sometimes overlooked. This article see...
Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognition Among Diverse Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics/Latinos: HCHS/SOL Results

OBJECTIVE Hispanics/Latinos have the highest risks for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the United States and are also at increased risk for Alzheimer disease. In this study, we examined associations among neurocognitive function, MetS, and inflammation among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data (2008–2011) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos were analyzed to examine associations between neurocognition and MetS among diverse Hispanics/Latinos ( N = 9,136; aged 45–74 years). RESULTS MetS status was associated with lower global neurocognition, mental status, verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, and executive function. Age significantly modified the associations between MetS and learning and memory measures. Significant associations between MetS and neurocognition were observed among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos, and all associations remained robust to additional covariates adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found that MetS was associated with lower neurocognitive function, particularly in midlife. Our findings support and extend current hypotheses that midlife may be a particularly vulnerable developmental period for unhealthy neurocognitive aging.
The Problem of Implementing International Accounting Standards: A Case Study of Armenia

This paper presents a brief discussion of the problems involved in implementing International Accounting Standards in Armenia. The process and problems encountered in Armenia are similar to those that will be encountered in other CIS republics as they attempt to adopt and implement International Accounting Standards.
Risk Analysis for the Wireless Communication of the High-Speed Maglev under the Cognitive Uncertainties

The wireless communication between a train and the ground in 38GHz band is an important subsystem in operation and control system (OCS) which is the artificial neural network of the whole high-speed maglev transportation system. The risk analysis of wireless communication reliability is a critical issue related to operation safety. However, the fault parameters especially under cognitive uncertainties cannot always be properly estimated, not only because of the large number of redundancy design being applied in wireless communication system for the sake of reliability enhancement, but also the lack of status data collected by distributed sensors of the maintenance and management subsystem(MMS) displayed in wireless communication equipment due to the limited operation life. In this paper, based on the status data acquired by the distributed sensors from MMS, a risk analysis method is proposed using Continuous Time Bayesian Network with its key condition parameters expressed by Triangular Fuzzy Numbers. Moreover, with an expert confidence index, the credibility of the fuzzy probability evaluation for basic risk factors can be ensured, which means the limitation in risk analysis caused by cognitive uncertainties can be eliminated. The method proposed in this paper integrates together a risk analysis process with deductive reasoning, sensitivity analysis and abductive inference. Compared with traditional fault tree analysis, the proposed method is more flexible and adaptive in fault diagnosis and dynamic reliability estimation of wireless communication for high-speed maglev train.
Proof of Concept for X-Ray Backscatter Imaging Tomosynthesis Using Spectral Detection

This paper describes a proof of concept for Xray backscatter imaging beyond its common 2D radiograph capabilities by utilizing energy discrimination on detectors in an X-ray backscatter system. This study is a direct improvement over previous works, which required a separate scan for each depth being imaged; the current study achieves depth sensitive images with just a single scan. This technique is applicable to images generated from materials found in both medical and non-destructive testing environments. The system consists of a collimated pencil-beam of radiation surrounded by detectors that measure the fluence of backscattered photons coming from the object under investigation. Since X-ray tubes emit a spectra of radiation and the penetration depth of a photon is energy dependent, detectors using energy discrimination will measure signals generated from different depths within the object. The stochastic radiation transport code MCNP6 was used to simulate and test this concept. The simulated backscatter system used a 5 mm pencil-beam surrounded by four 5 cm diameter detectors, with the photon spectra modeled after a 150 kVp lead target X-ray tube. The system raster scanned over a phantom made of tissue that had the letters U and F embedded 6 cm and 8 cm deep, respectively. The letter U was made of air while the letter F was made of compact bone. The measured signals were discriminated into two energy groups, one consisting of photons less than 90 keV and the other anything above it. The two resulting images clearly proved the depth sensitive imaging capability, with the lower energies detected only showing the letter U, while the higher energies showed both the letters U and F. This technique should easily be applicable to industrial materials, though higher interrogation energies are likely needed.
Adverse Impacts of 5G Downlinks on Human Body

The increasing demand for higher data rates and uninterrupted reliable service have made the frequency spectrum above 6 GHz a very promising candidate for future wireless communications because of its massive amount of raw bandwidth and extremely high data transfer capabilities. However, increasing concerns of communications at high frequencies on human health have gained international alarm that suggests more research before it is deployed successfully. In this context, this paper aims to investigate the human electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from fifth-generation (5G) downlink communications and compare its impacts with the present cellular technologies considering the features that the 5G systems will likely adopt. Our simulation results suggest that while the impacts from 5G beamforming communications cross the regulatory borders at downlinks for a very short range between base stations (BSs) and user equipment (UE), the exposure level remains on a high throughout the entire network compared to the present systems. Also, this paper urges for more research on the exposure level from future communications to determine any possible threats below the existing guidelines. This paper also highlights the significance of considering SAR for the measurement of exposure compliance in downlinks.
Laryngeal mucous membrane plasmacytosis with 15 year follow-up: Case report and literature review.

Abstract Mucous membrane plasmacytosis (MMP) is an uncommon variant of mucositis represented by a polyclonal plasma cell infiltration of mucosal tissue. Various clinical presentations in the upper airway have been reported ranging from erythematous mucosa to fungating masses. Histologic features include mucosal epithelial hyperplasia or psoriasiform changes with a dense submucosal infiltrate of polytypic plasma cells. Molecular studies for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement should be performed in all cases of MMP to rule out clonal neoplastic expansion of plasma cells. We present a case of MMP with over 15 years of clinical follow-up, emphasizing the relatively benign clinical course of this disorder.
Real and Complex Measures

A measure is a countably additive function from a s-algebra to [0,α]. In this chapter, we consider countably additive functions from a s-algebra to either R or C. The first section of this chapter shows that these functions, called real measures or complex measures, form an interesting Banach space with an appropriate norm.
Interrupted Aortic Arch in a Patient with Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch after Aortic Valve Replacement

This case presents a patient who underwent aortic valve replacement and presented 13 years later with high gradients across the prosthesis, mitral insufficiency, and severe systemic hypertension. Her preoperative workup led to the diagnosis of an interrupted aortic arch Type A. Her surgical management included an initial procedure to repair the interruption, and 11 months later after resolution of her hypertension, a second surgery, which included the Ross procedure and mitral valve repair.
A model for the institutional adoption of innovative surgical techniques

Abstract Background Surgeons have the responsibility to continuously enhance surgical practice. Standardized processes for institutions to validate and approve the introduction of innovative surgical techniques do not exist. The objective of this work was to develop a model for the introduction of innovative surgical techniques, which assists the innovating surgeons and institution with safe implementation. Method A staged model for the institutional introduction of innovative surgical techniques was developed. Relevant concepts were introduced and defined, a framework for preparation and implementation was established, and an oversight structure was delineated. Results Systematic literature review and expert opinion revealed broad agreement on the core principles and theory of surgical innovation, but also noted a lack of specific processes. Our efforts aimed to both codify principles and provide a model for specific, best-practice workflows. Important concepts and outputs included: (1) appropriate definition of a sufficiently “new technique” requiring oversight; (2) the appropriate groundwork to be performed to plan for the implementation of the new technique; (3) patient-facing responsibilities, including informed consent; and (4) division of the introduction/adoption process into defined phases, starting from initial discovery and preparation to piloting and transition to standard practice, each with distinct, phase-specific tasks. Conclusion We present a generalizable framework for approaching the safe introduction and adoption of innovative surgical techniques.
Phenylpiperidine opioid effects on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in cats.

Different structurally related phenylpiperidine opioids exhibit different isoflurane-sparing effects in cats. Because minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in cats is affected only by very high plasma concentrations of some phenylpiperidine opioids, we hypothesized these effects are caused by actions on nonopioid receptors. Using a prospective, randomized, crossover design, six cats were anesthetized with isoflurane, intubated, ventilated, and instrumented. Isoflurane MAC was measured in triplicate using a tail-clamp and bracketing technique. A computer-controlled intravenous infusion using prior pharmacokinetic models targeted plasma concentrations of 60 ng/ml fentanyl, 10 ng/ml sufentanil, or 500 ng/ml alfentanil, and isoflurane MAC was measured in duplicate. Next, naltrexone 0.6 mg/kg was administered to cats hourly during the opioid infusion, and isoflurane MAC was measured in duplicate. Blood was collected during MAC determinations to measure opioid concentrations. Responses were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with significance at p < .05. Alfentanil and sufentanil decreased isoflurane MAC by 16.4% and 6.4%, respectively, and these effects were completely reversed by naltrexone. Fentanyl had no significant effect on isoflurane MAC. Alfentanil and sufentanil modestly reduce isoflurane MAC via agonist effects on opioid receptors. However, these effects are too small to justify clinical use of phenylpiperidine opioids as single agents to reduce MAC in cats.
Menos masculino, demasiado infantil: How age and gender ideologies index sexuality in diminutive perception in Madrid Spanish

Abstract Age is an under-analyzed variable in linguistic research concerning gender and sexuality. We consider these three constructs by examining diminutives as an index of gay sexuality in Madrid Spanish across two tasks. Although phonetic cues have received great attention, morphological features (e.g. diminutives) may also index gayness (Mendes 2014). Moreover, despite frequent usage across Spanish-speaking varieties, diminutives are primarily restricted to women and children in north-central Spain (Haensch 2002). In a diminutive reaction task, 53 Madrid residents indicated whether men, women, adults, or children were likely to have uttered diminutivized sentences. Mixed-effects models indicated that the number of diminutives and sentence theme significantly affected perception, and participants’ evaluations in a free response task corroborated that men using diminutives were considered effeminate, gay, and childish. Thus, even with sociophonetic cues removed, morphological phenomena create a gay percept. This study demonstrates how age ideologies inform indexicalization processes related to gender and sexuality.