cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient

Considerable effort has been directed toward reducing the impact of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, particularly myocardial infarction (MI). The management of MI in diabetic and nondiabetic patients continues to evolve rapidly. Consensus guidelines have emerged that outline the state of knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of MI. 58 This article reviews the current understanding of the clinical presentation and management of MI in the diabetic patient.
Neonatal induction of tolerance to skeletal tissue allografts without immunosuppression

Vascularized allogeneic skeletal tissue transplantation without the need for host immunosuppression would increase reconstructive options for treating congenital and acquired defects. Because the immune system of a fetus or neonate is immature, it may be possible to induce tolerance to allogeneic skeletal tissues by alloantigen injection during this permissive period. Within 12 hours after birth, 17 neonatal Lewis rats were injected through the superficial temporal vein with 3.5 to 5 million Brown Norway bone marrow cells in 0.1 ml normal saline. Ten weeks after the injection, peripheral blood from the Lewis rats was analyzed for the presence of Brown Norway cells to determine hemopoietic chimerism. The Lewis rats then received a heterotopic, vascularized limb tissue transplant (consisting of the knee, the distal femur, the proximal tibia, and the surrounding muscle on a femoral vascular pedicle) from Brown Norway rat donors to determine their tolerance to the allogeneic tissue. A positive control group (n = 6) consisted of syngeneic transplants from Lewis rats into naive Lewis rats to demonstrate survival of transplants. A negative control group (n = 6) consisted of Brown Norway transplants into naive Lewis rats not receiving bone marrow or other immunosuppressive treatment. The animals were assessed for transplant viability 30 days after transplantation using histologic and bone fluorochrome analysis. All the syngeneic controls (Lewis to Lewis) remained viable throughout the experiment, whereas all the Brown Norway to Lewis controls had rejected. Ten of the 17 allografts transplanted into bone marrow recipients were viable at 30 days, with profuse bleeding from the ends of the bone graft and the surrounding graft muscle. The percent of chimerism correlated with survival, with 3.31 percent (SD = 1.9) of peripheral blood, Brown Norway chimerism present in the prolonged survival groups and 0.75 percent (SD = 0.5) of Brown Norway chimerism in the rejected graft group. This study demonstrated prolonged survival of allogeneic skeletal tissue without immunosuppression after early neonatal injection of allogeneic bone marrow in a rat model.
Transforming communication, transforming business: Stimulating value negotiation for more responsive and responsible workplaces

If commercial corporations are to stay economically viable and the general society is to stay healthy, corporate decisions must be even more responsive to rapidly changing environments and stakeholder needs and responsible in increasingly complex and interdependent social contexts. The dominant economic conception of corporations and the accompanying emphasis on profitability, value-neutral rationality, and managerial control is increasingly problematic. Public values have a right of representation in corporate decisions but current means of representation through the marketplace and through governmental guidance are limited in effect. Replacing the economic conception with a stakeholder model recognizing multiple forms of ownership and enabling wide-spread participation can help initiate important value debate leading to both economic and social benefits. But even with more stakeholder participation, value debate has not and will not necessary resulted. Many new programs have increased the number offorums in which representation and debate could occur, but have not increasedvoice. Richer conceptions of communication, negotiation, and rationality are necessary if we are to reform corporations in significant ways.
Bone formation during forelimb regeneration: a microtomography (microCT) analysis.

In our study of bone regeneration in the forelimbs of mature newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), we used noninvasive X-ray microtomography (microCT) to image regenerating limbs from 37 to 85 days and matching (contralateral) controls. We compared the patterns of regenerated and existing (nonregenerated) bone, investigating in particular the onset of mineralization of specific bones, the level of mineral present, and the lengths of the different bones. Overall, we find that the missing limb skeletal elements are restored in a proximal-to-distal direction, which reiterates the developmental patterning program. However, in contrast to this proximal-distal sequence, the portion of the humerus distal to the amputation site fails to ossify in synchrony with the regenerating radius and ulna. This finding suggests that the replacement of cartilage with mineralized bone close to the amputation site is delayed with respect to other regenerating skeletal elements.
Corticosterone responses, hurdle-jump acquisition, and the effects of dexamethasone using classical conditioning of fear

Abstract Male hooded rats were habituated, classically conditioned with 30 CS-UCS (light-footshock) pairings, and subsequently tested for corticosterone response or instrumental hurdle-jump acquisition. In Experiment 1, corticosterone levels were lowest during chamber placement alone (during habituation), higher during presentations of the CS after conditioning with a low shock intensity, even higher during classical conditioning with the low shock intensity, and highest during classical conditioning or CS presentations involving a high shock intensity. Injections of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone before both conditioning and hurdle-jump acquisition sessions (Experiment 2) did not affect acquisition occurring during early trials, but produced slow hurdle-jump speeds late in the session. This agrees with previous findings of glucocorticoid facilitation of fear extinction, but does not indicate a simple suppression of fear by dexamethasone. When dexamethasone was given only prior to the classical conditioning session (Experiment 3) hurdle-jump acquisition was poor only on the early trials, and corticosterone levels after 60 min of CS presentations were higher than control values. These results agree with the proposal of a state-dependent effect of dexamethasone on memory retrieval.
Atmospheric circulations of terrestrial planets orbiting low-mass stars

Abstract Circulations and habitable zones of planets orbiting low-mass stars are investigated. Many of these planets are expected to rotate synchronously relative to their parent stars, thereby raising questions about their surface temperature distributions and habitability. We use a global circulation model to study idealized, synchronously rotating (tidally locked) planets of various rotation periods, with surfaces of all land or all water, but with an Earth-like atmosphere and solar insolation. The dry planets exhibit wide variations in surface temperature: >80 °C on the dayside to −60 °C for the 240-h orbiter. They also have a larger habitable area, defined here as the region where average surface temperatures are between 0 °C and 50 °C. This concept has little relevance for either dry or aquaplanets, but might become relevant on a planet with both land area and oceans. The circulations on these tidally locked planets exhibit systematic changes as the rotation period is varied. However, they also reveal abrupt transitions between two different circulation regimes and multiple equilibria. For the dry planet, the transition occurs between a 4-day and a 5-day period, while for the aquaplanet, it occurs between a 3-day and a 4-day period. For both dry and aqua planets, this transition occurs when the Rossby deformation radius exceeds half the planetary radius. Further investigation on the dry planet reveals that multiple equilibria exist between 100- and 221-h periods. These multiple equilibria may be relevant for real planets within the habitable zones of late K and M stars, because these planets are expected to have rotation periods between 8 and 100 Earth days.
Using the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership to improve public health.

The National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership (NNIP) is a collaborative effort to use local information in community building and policymaking. The task of building local data systems is given to a local intermediary in each of the 19 NNIP partnership cities. The partners obtain data from a variety of agencies, geocode it to the neighborhood level, and make it available to users. In the first seven years of the NNIP, the partners have learned several important lessons. First, data at the local (neighborhood) level are essential for developing public policy. Second, advances in technology over the past decade have made it possible to maintain these detailed local databases at relatively low cost. Third, there are a variety of types of local organizations that can effectively serve as the local partner, from academia to government, community foundations, or other community-based nonprofits. Fourth, as with most endeavors, good leadership is critical to successfully building the bridges across multiple agencies. Finally, a major lesson from the NNIP experience is that providing data is only the first step. Data must be used in ways that are visible, useful, and responsive to the community if the project is to retain local support and enthusiasm. (Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 9(3), 2003.)
The effects of varying doses of pilocarpine on the transport response in white rats

An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of pilocarpine on the transport response in white rats. Forty 23-day-old rats received administrations of varying doses of the cholinergic agonist and then were tested for the presence and intensity of the transport response. Results revealed a suppression by pilocarpine on the transport response, which became evident at intermediate and high doses of the drug.
Pre-College Technology Education and Instructional Technology: Preparing Students for the Workplace

Two technology education programs are reviewed to determine how well they are designed to prepare students for the workplace or engineering careers. A list of workplace related functional skills is used as evaluation criteria for the assessment. Another aspect of this review concerns how contextual learning has been implemented. Both programs were judged to contain instructional activities that use advanced technology effectively to prepare students for the workplace or college. These programs are also excellent models of how to help students learn concepts and skills via real-world problems and examples.
Crystal design for organic semiconductors: the effects of substitution on crystal packing

Electronic devices based on organic materials have been an area of intense research for the past several years. Pentacene, an oligoacene, is regarded as a benchmark due to its high charge carrier mobility. However it has poor solubilty, unoptimized π-overlap and is highly unstable. We have successfully demonstrated that peri -functionalization with trialkylsilyl ethynyl groups enhances the π-stacking, solubility and stability of pentacene and related compounds. TIPS pentacene exhibits both two dimensional (2D) π-stacking and good solubilty in common organic solvents. However changing the solubilizing groups or functionalizing the acene core results in a disruption of the desired 2D π-stacking. Molecules with one dimensional (1D) π-stacking have poorer mobility than those with 2D π-stacking and hence larger solubilizing groups are required to change the π-stacking to 2D. The emphasis of this paper is to show how small changes in substitution can disrupt π-stacking in these molecules and how one can achieve the desired π-stacking by careful selection of solubilzing groups.
Contextualizing personality psychology

The issue of how to contextualize personality psychology constructively has been a longstanding dilemma. This special issue brings together personality, social, self, clinical, and cultural psychologists who have attempted to contextualize the self, personality, attachment, and cultural constructs in an integrative fashion, with a focus on broader situations, such as social roles. In this introductory essay, I describe the potential advantages of integrating traditional concepts in personality psychology with social roles and provide an overview of the contributions made to the special issue.
High-power narrow-band pulses with wavelengths tunable about 1.053 mu m from a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator

We have constructed an optical parametric oscillator to generate 75-ps near-transform-limited pulses with wavelengths tunable about 1.053 µm for use in pump-probe studies of self-focusing. The singly resonant oscillator uses a Brewster-cut LiB(3)O(5) crystal that is oriented for type-II phase matching and synchronously pumped by the amplified and frequency-tripled pulse trains from a mode-locked and Q-switched Nd:YLP laser. An intracavity Pockels cell is used to switch out single 0.5-MW pulses at rates of 1 to 10 Hz. The design, construction, and performance of the oscillator are discussed. Measured performance is compared with design predictions and with detailed numerical simulations.
Global AIDS policy in the age of Obama.

In 2006, then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama and his wife Michelle traveled to Kenya, Obama’s father’s homeland, where many of the senator’s extended family still lived. The Obamas publicly took an HIV test during their trip, an important moment as sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by the HIV=AIDS crisis, with more than two-thirds of the world’s infections. For every outspoken leader on HIV=AIDS like Uganda’s Yoweri Museveni, there have been as many or more AIDS denialists like South Africa’s former president Thabo Mbeki and his shamefully ignorant health minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang who at one time suggested that beetroot and garlic were effective treatments for HIV. Given the new U.S. president’s Kenyan heritage, Barack Obama may be uniquely placed to speak to the African people about the dangers of HIV and steps they can take to protect themselves. While Obama may have this special connection, larger currents will constrain his ability to advance the fight against HIV, a product of both the positive and negative legacies of the George W. Bush administration.
State space methods for tangential interpolation problems

State space methods for solving tangential interpolation problems for matrix functions in a given class have been developed extensively. These are interpolation problems in which the values in certain directions of the interpolant matrix functions, and several of their derivatives, are prescribed at given points in the complex plane. For the most part, the matrix functions under consideration are rational functions or polynomials (perhaps with symmetries); however, other important classes of matrix functions have been studied as well, notably, the Nevanlinna classes on the unit disk and the upper half-plane, and the Hardy class H/sub 2/ on the unit disk. This development is motivated by many important applications in systems and control. We present some recent results and open problems in this area.
Human brain functional MRI and DTI visualization with virtual reality

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) are two active research areas in neuroimaging. DTI is sensitive to the anisotropic diffusion of water exerted by its macromolecular environment and has been shown useful in characterizing structures of ordered tissues such as the brain white matter, myocardium, and cartilage. The diffusion tensor provides two new types of information of water diffusion: the magnitude and the spatial orientation of water diffusivity inside the tissue. This information has been used for white matter fiber tracking to review physical neuronal pathways inside the brain. Functional MRI measures brain activations using the hemodynamic response. The statistically derived activation map corresponds to human brain functional activities caused by neuronal activities. The combination of these two methods provides a new way to understand human brain from the anatomical neuronal fiber connectivity to functional activities between different brain regions. In this study, virtual reality (VR) based MR DTI and fMRI visualization with high resolution anatomical image segmentation and registration, ROI definition and neuronal white matter fiber tractography visualization and fMRI activation map integration is proposed. Rationale and methods for producing and distributing stereoscopic videos are also discussed.
Bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane

Bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane reactant: 82.5 g. (0.500 mole) of hexafluoroacetone imine intermediate: hexafluoroacetone hydrazone product: bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane Keywords: elimination, dehydration; oxidation, miscellaneous; bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane; hexafluoroacetone imine; hydrazine, toxicity; condenser, Dewar; distillation, columns, spinning-band
Bandgap Variation and Miscibility Gaps of Thallium-Based Pseudo-Binary Alloys

To stimulate further research on the TI-based semiconductor alloys for long-wave infrared (LWIR) application, we carried out detailed calculations for the variation of band gaps versus lattice constants and the alloy miscibility gaps of cation-substituted pseudo-binary alloys. These results are used to identify promising TI-based LWIR alloys and the lattice-matched non-TI bearing alloys for possible substrates and passivation caps. Although all the six Tl-bearing pseudo-binary alloys studied can have a 0.1 eV band gap, none of these systems are lattice matched to a pure III-V compound. Five of these six alloys can have a non-TI-bearing lattice-matched ternary alloy as the substrate, but only two do not have a serious problem with the miscibility gap. When further considering the difficulty of incorporating TI with a large concentration, the only promising LWIR pseudo-binary alloy left is In1−xTlxAs with x≍0. 16.
Drug loading onto and release from wheat gluten fibers

Drug release and its relationship with kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of drug sorption onto wheat gluten (WG) fibers have been studied using Diclofenac, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), and Metformin as model drugs. Both sorption and dissolution methods were used to examine the drug release rates in phosphate buffered saline (PBS pH 7.4) and artificial gastric juice (AGJ pH 1.2). To understand drug release of WG fibers using the sorption loading method, kinetic, and apparent thermodynamic parameters, such as diffusion coefficient, activation energy for diffusion, affinity, and sorption enthalpy and entropy, have been investigated. It has been found that the sorption method at high temperatures has a lower initial burst and more constant release than the dissolution method for Diclofenac on WG fibers. Quantitative relationship between drug release and drug loading concentration, affinity, and activation energy for diffusion was established to predict initial bursts and later release of the drugs. The study showed that the Diclofenac had high initial bursts in PBS but more constant release in AGJ because the ionic force between the drug and WG fibers was readily broken in a high pH solution. It also has been found that drugs with higher activation energy for diffusion, lower diffusion coefficients, and higher affinity (especially van der Waals force) on WG fiber, are more suitable for sorption loading at elevated temperatures to achieve higher loading capacity and more constant releasing rate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
ON FITTING A POPULATION MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF OBSERVATION ERROR

Observation error can lead to substantial bias in estimating the parameters of a population model. While maximum-likelihood estimation is possible in principle, it can be extremely difficult in practice due to the complicated behavior of the likelihood function. This note describes a simple method that can be used to fit a population model in the presence of observation error. The method is illustrated using the discrete-time logistic model.
Soil processes drive seasonal variation in retention of 15N tracers in a deciduous forest catchment

Seasonal patterns of stream nitrate concentration have long been interpreted as demonstrating the central role of plant uptake in regulating stream nitrogen loss from forested catchments. Soil processes are rarely considered as important drivers of these patterns. We examined seasonal variation in N retention in a deciduous forest using three whole-ecosystem 15N tracer additions: in late April (post-snowmelt, pre-leaf-out), late July (mid-growing- season), and late October (end of leaf-fall). We expected that plant 15N uptake would peak in late spring and midsummer, that immobilization in surface litter and soil would peak the following autumn leaf-fall, and that leaching losses would vary inversely with 15N retention. Similar to most other 15N tracer studies, we found that litter and soils dominated ecosystem retention of added 15N. However, 15N recovery in detrital pools varied tremendously by season, with > 90% retention in spring and autumn and sharply reduced 15N retention in late summer. During spring, over half of the 15N retained in soil occurred within one day in the heavy (mineral-associated) soil fraction. During summer, a large decrease in 15N retention one week after addition coincided with increased losses of 15NO3- to soil leachate and seasonal increases in soil and stream NO3- concentrations, although leaching accounted for only a small fraction of the lost 15N (< 0.2%). Uptake of 15N into roots did not vary by season and accounted for < 4% of each tracer addition. Denitrification or other processes that lead to N gas loss may have consumed the rest. These measurements of 15N movement provide strong evidence for the dominant role of soil processes in regulating seasonal N retention and losses in this catchment and perhaps others with similar soils.
An Analysis Of The e-Business Program In The School Of Business Curriculum

The article analyzes various present and future aspects of e-business as it is or should be incorporated in the school of business curriculum. The study uses both primary and secondary data. The results indicate that e-business courses are currently taught across the traditional disciplines of business schools. The courses are primarily taught as independent electives or as part of a regular course. The faculty preference for the future of e-business courses seems to be in the same direction, maybe even more extreme. Currently, a minority of schools do offer a certificate, major, or degree program in e-business. The current levels of e-business courses, faculty expertise, and faculty development funds all seem to be less than satisfactory. The sudden and significant decline in internet-based businesses did have significant negative effects on the number of course offerings in e-business and student enrollment in these courses. However, a significant number of respondents believe that the importance of e-business, hence e-business courses, will increase in the future.
Novel tunable acceptor doped BST thin films for high quality tunable microwave devices

SE REPORTAN LAS PROPIEDADES DE LAMINAS DELGADAS DE BA0.6SR0.4TIO3 (BST) PURO Y DOPADO CON BAJAS CONCENTRACIONES DE MG. LAS LAMINAS FUERON OBTENIDAS SOBRE MONOCRISTALES (100) MGO Y SUSTRATOS DE SI CUBIERTOS DE PT, POR DEPOSICION DE SOLUCION METALORGANICA (MOSD) USANDO PRECURSORES DE CARBOXILATO-ALKOXIDO Y RECOCIDO POST-DEPOSICION A 800?C (SUSTRATOS LAMINA/MGO) Y 750?C (SUSTRATOS LAMNA/PT-SI). LAS PROPIEDADES DIELECTRICAS FUERON MEDIDAS A 10 GHZ USANDO LAMINAS NO-EMPATRONADAS/NO-METALIZADAS POR SINTONIA DE UN SISTEMA DIELECTRICO RESONANTE DE ACOPLE/DESACOPLE Y A 100 KHZ MEDIANTE CAPACITORES METAL-AISLANTE-METAL. LA ESTRUCTURA, MICROESTRUCTURA, MORFOLOGIA Y COMPOSICION DE LOS SISTEMAS LAMINA/SUSTRATO FUERON ANALIZADAS Y CORRELACIONADAS CON LAS PROPIEDADES DIELECTRICAS Y AISLANTES DE LAS LAMINAS. LAS LAMINAS BST DOPADAS CON MG EXHIBIERON MEJORES CARACTERISTICAS DE AISLAMIENTO Y PERDIDAS DIELECTRICAS QUE LAS LAMINAS DE BST PURAS. LA MEJORA EN PROPIEDADES DIELECTRICAS, BAJA CORRIENTE DE PERDIDA Y BUENA SINTONIZABILIDAD DE LAS LAMINAS CON BAJO DOPAJE DE MG AMERITA SU UTILIZACION POTENCIAL PARA DISPOSITIVOS DE SINTONIA DE MICROONDAS. Abstract THE MATERIALS PROPERTIES OF UNDOPED AND LOW CONCENTRATION MG DOPED BA0.6SR0.4TIO3 (BST) THIN FILMS ARE REPORTED. THE FILMS WERE FABRICATED ON SINGLE CRYSTAL (100) MGO AND PT COATED SI SUBSTRATES VIA THE METALORGANIC SOLUTION DEPOSITION (MOSD) TECHNIQUE USING CARBOXYLATEALKOXIDE PRECURSORS AND POST-DEPOSITION ANNEALED AT 800—C (FILM/MGO SUBSTRATES) AND 750—C (FILM/PT-SI SUBSTRATES). THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES WERE MEASURED AT 10 GHZ USING UNPATTERNED/NON-METALLIZED FILMS VIA A TUNED COUPLED/SPLIT DIELECTRIC RESONATOR SYSTEM AND AT 100 KHZ USING METAL-INSULATOR-METAL CAPACITORS. THE STRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE, SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND FILM/SUBSTRATE COMPOSITIONAL QUALITY WERE ANALYZED AND CORRELATED TO THE FILMS DIELECTRIC AND INSULATING PROPERTIES.
The First Generation of the Detroit Legal Aid Bureau

This paper recounts the 1909 founding and first thirty years of Detroit Bar Association’s Legal Aid Bureau. Part of a national legal aid movement, the Bureau was the first such society to be sponsored by a private bar association. The history reveals the integral role that brothers Fred and Henry Butzel had in the Bureau’s development and focuses on the work of the first three directors of the office over its first decades: Edward Pokorny, Otto Wismer, and Louis Miriani.From its beginnings as strictly part-time work by Edward Pokorny, a sole practitioner, the Bureau grew after World War I with the assistance of funding from the Detroit Community Fund, a consortium of social welfare societies. As its second director, Otto Wismer oversaw the establishment of suitable and permanent offices where the Bureau served as an integral part of the Community Fund, serving as house counsel to the City’s charities. Wismer was also active in the national association of legal aid organizations and worked to develop a statewide network of legal aid. The third director, Louis Miriani, realized a measure of the agency’s promise by litigation and public education to make the Bureau a respected voice for the cause of legal aid.Using the Bureau’s annual reports and newspapers as primary sources, the paper surveys the work for the City’s poor, with emphasis on the social background of that clientele. It attempts a critical assessment of each directors’ term after analyzing their work in the context of Detroit’s phenomenal growth during the early twentieth century. It concludes that, despite the valuable efforts of the directors, the Bureau’s limited resources resulted in their work failing to meet the demand for legal services.
The effects of serotonin and ecdysone on primary sensory neurons in crayfish.

The overall behaviors and motivational states observed during social interactions and throughout the molting cycle of crayfish have been linked to the effects of humoral neuromodu- lators. Both serotonin (5-HT) and a molt-related hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), are known to be present in the hemolymph of crustaceans. To determine if they alter the activity of a primary sensory neuron that monitors proprioceptive information, we examined their effects on the activity of the slow-adapting muscle receptor organ (MRO) of the crayfish abdomen, a model sensory system that has been extensively studied. 5-HT within the range of 100 nM to 1 M, increases the firing frequency of the neuron during sustained stimulation. In experiments in which 20-HE was added alone, an increase in the firing frequency also occurred, although to a lesser degree than that for 5-HT at the same concentrations. When the MRO is first exposed to 20-HE, followed sequentially by 5-HT, the activity increases to about the same degree as in the reverse order of exposure. This outcome indicates that mixtures of these endogenous neuromodulators, at various levels, are more important in alternating behavior than the absolute level of any one of them introduced alone. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:336 -345, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anti-CD3 Therapy Promotes Tolerance by Selectively Depleting Pathogenic Cells while Preserving Regulatory T Cells

Monoclonal anti-CD3 Abs have been used clinically for two decades to reverse steroid-resistant acute graft rejection. In autoimmune diabetes, short course treatment with FcR-nonbinding (FNB) anti-CD3 mAb in mice with recent onset of diabetes induces long-term disease remission. Induction of tolerogenic regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated to be one of the mechanisms of action by FNB anti-CD3 mAb in these settings. In this study, we examined the effect of FNB anti-CD3 mAb treatment on the homeostasis of naive, effector, and regulatory T cells in vivo. Anti-CD3 treatment induced a transient systemic rise in the percentage but not absolute number of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs due to selective depletion of CD4(+)Foxp3(-) conventional T cells. T cell depletion induced by FNB anti-CD3 mAb was independent of the proapoptotic proteins Fas, caspase-3, and Bim and was not inhibited by overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. Tregs were not preferentially expanded and we found no evidence of conversion of conventional T cells into Tregs, suggesting that the pre-existing Tregs are resistant to anti-CD3-induced cell death. Interestingly, expression of the transcription factor Helios, which is expressed by thymus-derived natural Tregs, was increased in Tregs after FNB anti-CD3 mAb treatment, suggesting that the anti-CD3 treatment can alter, and potentially stabilize, Treg function. Taken together, the results suggest that FNB anti-CD3 therapy promotes tolerance by restoring the balance between pathogenic and regulatory T cells.
On the genus of star graphs

The star graph has recently been suggested as an alternative to the hypercube. The star graph has a rich structure and symmetry properties as well as desirable fault-tolerant characteristics. The star graph's maximum vertex degree and diameter, viewed as functions of network size, grow less rapidly than the corresponding measures in a hypercube. We investigate the genus of the star graph and compare it with the genus of the hypercube. >
Digital libraries and document image analysis

The rapid growth of digital libraries (DLs) worldwide poses many new challenges for document image analysis (DIA) research and development. DLs promise to offer more people access to larger document collections, and at far greater speed, than physical libraries can. But DLs also tend, for many reasons, to serve poorly, or even to omit entirely, many types of non-digital human-legible media, such as originally printed and handwritten documents. These media, in their original physical (undigitized) form, are readily - if not always quickly - legible, searchable, and browseable, whereas in the form of document images accessed through DLs they often lose many of their original advantages while of course lacking many advantages of symbolically encoded information. The author explores these issues and illustrates them with brief case studies arising from his experience as a DIA researcher in collaboration with several DL projects in the US. Difficult open DIA technical problems in DL applications are identified in the contrasting advantages of paper and digital displays, at every stage of capture, early processing, recognition, analysis, presentation, retrieval, and in personal and interactive applications. These support the conclusion that the international DIA R & D community is urgently needed (because uniquely qualified) to provide new technology to help rescue from neglect - even, in many cases, eventual oblivion - the world's vast culturally irreplaceable legacy paper document collections.
An implementation from a direct semantics definition

We have developed an implementation from a direct semantics definition, focussing upon the operational properties that arise in the reduction of denotations. Since the structure of a denotation is dictated by the structure of the semantic equations, we were able to tune the equations to produce denotations that are easier to reduce. The target architecture was a consequence of the reduction strategy taken on the denotations.
Elective groin irradiation is not indicated for patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum extending to the anal canal

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the inguinal nodal failure rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with anal canal involvement (ACI) treated with pelvic chemoradiation without elective inguinal irradiation. Methods and Materials: From 1990 and 1998, 536 patients received preoperative or postoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer with curative intent; 186 patients had ACI ( 2 /d). The inguinal region was specifically irradiated in only 2 patients who had documented inguinal nodal disease. Results: The median follow-up was 50 months. Only 6 of 184 ACI patients who had clinically negative inguinal nodes at presentation developed inguinal nodal recurrence (5-year actuarial rate 4%); 4 of the 6 cases were isolated. Two patients underwent successful salvage. Only 1 died of uncontrolled groin disease. Local control was achieved in both patients with inguinal nodal disease at presentation, but both died of metastatic disease. Only 3 patients with tumors >4 cm from the verge developed inguinal recurrence (5-year actuarial rate Conclusions: Inguinal nodal failure in rectal cancer patients with ACI treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation is not high enough to justify routine elective groin irradiation.
Antitrust analysis of supermarkets: global concerns playing out in local markets

This paper reviews the basic components of antitrust analysis for the supermarket industry, including definition of product and geographic markets and the measurement of market power. The analysis of prices and profits in a market structure context remains important, especially in countries such as Australia with very high supermarket concentration. Firm and brand level New Empirical Industrial Organisation models of demand and oligopoly pricing also provide insights for evaluating antitrust claims. Recent research on vertical pricing games and price transmission expand the analysis to market channel pricing issues, including coalescing power by supermarkets and food manufacturers. The issues and approaches explained in this paper are relevant for policy-orientated research on supermarkets worldwide, including Australia.
Factors Portending Endoleak Formation After Thoracic Aortic Stent-Graft Repair of Complicated Aortic Dissection

Background— Endoleaks after stent-graft repair of aortic dissections are poorly understood but seem substantially different from those seen after aneurysm repair. We studied anatomic and clinical factors associated with endoleaks in patients who underwent stent-graft repair of complicated type B aortic dissections. Methods and Results— From 2000 to 2007, 37 patients underwent stent-graft repair of acute (≤14 days; n=23), subacute (15 to 90 days; n=10) or chronic (>90 days; n=4) complicated type B aortic dissections using the Gore Thoracic Excluder (n=17) or TAG stent-grafts (n=20) under an investigator-sponsored protocol. Endoleaks were classified as imperfect proximal seal, flow through fenestrations or branches, or complex (both). Variables studied included coverage of the left subclavian artery, aortic curvature, completeness of proximal apposition, dissection chronicity, and device used. Endoleaks were found during follow-up (mean, 22 months) in 59% of patients, and they were associated with coverage of the left subclavian artery (complex, P <0.001), small radius of curvature (type 1 and complex, P =0.05), and greatest length of unapposed proximal stent graft (complex, P <0.0001). During follow-up, 10 endoleaks resolved spontaneously, 6 required reintervention for false lumen dilatation, and 2 were stable without clinical consequences. Conclusions— Endoleaks are common after stent-graft repair of aortic dissection and may lead to false lumen enlargement necessitating reintervention. Anatomic complexities such as acute aortic curvature and covered side branches were associated with endoleaks, illustrating the need for dissection-specific device development. Received September 4, 2008; accepted December 31, 2008. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
3D FFTs on a Single FPGA

The 3D FFT is critical in many physical simulations and image processing applications. On FPGAs, however, the 3D FFT was thought to be inefficient relative to other methods such as convolution-based implementations of multigrid. We find the opposite: a simple design, operating at a conservative frequency, takes 4a#x039C;s for 163, 21a#x039C;s for 323, and 215a#x039C;s for 643 single precision data points. The first two of these compare favorably with the 25a#x039C;s and 29a#x039C;s obtained running on a current Nvidia GPU. Some broader significance is that this is a critical piece in implementing a large scale FPGA-based MD engine: even a single FPGA is capable of keeping the FFT off of the critical path for a large fraction of possible MD simulations.
ZEPHYR illustrates the perils of testing targeted treatments in unselected non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases and remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. Our understanding of the nature and biology of lung cancer continues to increase as does the notion that NSCLC does not represent a single disease entity, but rather is a collection of diseases with different histologic and genetic subtypes.
Teaching Recording and Documentation to BSW Students: An Exploratory Study of Field Instructors' Views

This exploratory study examined field instructors' perspectives on teaching recording skills to BSW students. The author used structured interviews with open-ended questions to gather data from 16 experienced social work field instructors. The study sought to explore (1) field instructors' methods of teaching about recording and the content of that instruction, and (2) the foundation knowledge and skills that would be helpful before students enter field. The findings suggest some avenues for developing content on recording within the BSW curriculum as well as for opening a dialogue between social work educators and field instructors on how to coordinate instruction on this critical topic.
Salmonella Tester Strains: Mutational Targets and Correlation with Animal Carcinogenicity and Teratogenicity

Other presentations in this session summarize molecular changes that appear to be primary participants in the activation of cellular protooncogenes. These mutations involve chromosome rearrangements and simple base substitutions. Mutations in human ras genes have been detected that affect codon positions 12 or 61 and involve five of the six possible kinds of base substitutions; only an A/T → C/G transversion had not been detected as of 1984.1 This absence is not surprising because of the limited cases available, the fact that 4 of the 6 base pairs in the first two positions of the normal target codons happen to be G/C base pairs, and the possibility that only a limited set of substitutions may activate the protein product.
Privacy, Autonomy, and Internet Platforms

To what extent will academics study data-driven firms like Facebook, and to what extent will they try to join forces with such firms’ own researchers, to study the firms’ users, clients, and suppliers? This essay, a chapter in a collection on the future of privacy law, examines the stakes of data collection, analysis, and use in an era of corporate social science. Social scientists, as users of models, may find that they can only access important data if they shift their inquiries toward the creation of “model users” (i.e., platform participants whose behavior maximizes the profits of the platform controlling the data). More disinterested or emancipatory research agendas can better promote the autonomy and well-being of platform users.
An Exploratory Analysis of Job-Related Stress: Implications for Real Estate Sales Management

This study used a mail survey of real estate sales agents to test several hypotheses related to sources and outcomes of job tension, A path analytical model was used to test hypo-theses. Appropriate conclusions were drawn and directions for future research were highlighted.
Mobile Phone Use, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being.

Abstract This study examined the use of mobile phones to regulate negative emotions, considering both the role of different aspects of phone use and individual differences in emotion regulation strategies. A total of 287 young adult smartphone users completed an online survey that addressed use of mobile phones for negative emotion regulation. They responded to a phone loss scenario by rating how much they would miss various uses/functions of the phone (which could be involved in emotion regulation). Habitual use of reappraisal to regulate emotion was associated with missing both interpersonal contact and social support, but not access to entertainment/information. In contrast, habitual use of emotion suppression was associated only with missing entertainment/information content. Regulating negative emotions via mobile phone was associated with missing all three uses/functions of the phone, but perception that the phone was effective in remediating negative emotion was associated only with missing social ...
Prejudiced Asylum: Czechoslovak Refugee Policy, 1918–60

This article examines Czechoslovak refugee policy and particularly reactions to the refugee crises of the late 1930s, after the Anschluss with Austria and the Munich Agreement. As well as facing wa...
Inherent Enhancement of Electronic Emission from Hexaboride Heterostructure

Thermionic emission of electrons from surfaces has strong potential for applications in renewable energy technology and scientific instrumentation, but progress depends on discovering or designing advanced emitter (cathode) materials. The calculations in this study show that cathodes made of LaB${}_{6}$/BaB${}_{6}$ superlattices can yield much higher thermionic current densities than traditional cathodes of pure LaB${}_{6}$, and could be operated at significantly lower temperatures for greater stability.
Images in clinical medicine. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Figure 1. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained in a 40-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had a six-week history of decreased memory and visual impairment. The changes associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy are best seen on the T2-weighted image (Panel A) as high-intensity abnormalities isolated in the white matter (arrows). A large, bilateral parieto-occipital lesion crosses the splenium of the corpus callosum (open arrows); a smaller frontal-lobe lesion is also present (solid arrow). On the T1-weighted image (Panel B), the lesions appear as low-intensity abnormalities that are not . . .
Using E-Books to Create Shared Learning Experiences between Students of Differing Abilities.

ABSTRACTProviding general education curriculum for students in self-contained special needs classrooms, as mandated by federal laws, has been a challenge for educators. Utilizing the class work of general education students is an easy, no-cost way to bridge the curriculum gap and offers benefits to both general education and special education students. In addition, this model provides opportunities for social interactions between these diverse student populations. E-books are a powerful tool, as they read aloud to the student, allow the student to progress at his or her own pace, and offer a valuable skill for the general education students who create them.
Recommendations to quantify villous atrophy in video capsule endoscopy images of celiac disease patients.

Recommendations to quantify villous atrophy in video capsule endoscopy images of celiac disease patients
Traumatic Brain Injuries and Special Education Services in the Schools

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to replicate a study conducted by Hux, Marquardt, Skinner, and Bond (1999) in which the researchers explored the frequency of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the special education population as compared to the frequency of TBI among students in general education. Hux and colleagues (1999) found that roughly one-quarter of their sample received evaluations for special education services at some point, and that almost half their sample had sustained at least one TBI. Similarly, the current study explored the frequency of TBI in both general education and special education groups in a kindergarten through twelfth grade school. Results indicated that the sample in the current study reported a lower incidence rate of TBI than the general population as well as that in the 1999 study by Hux and colleagues. Additionally, only one student in the current sample (5% of TBI group) reported a history of TBI along with receiving special education services. Discrepancies between th...
Experimental and theoretical studies of low-voltage electroluminescence of ZnS single crystals

Abstract Blue electroluminescence of undoped ZnS single crystals has been detected at 1.6 V d.c. with a quantum efficiency of 10−11 photons/electron. The crystals were heat-treated in molten zinc. Previous models considered for electroluminescence with applied voltages less than the band gap, including injection and recombination via p−n junctions, are shown to be inadequate to explain our observations. An impact ionization-tunneling mechanism is proposed involving an n ∗ −n junction. Energetic electrons are injected through a blocking contact into the higher conductivity n ∗ region and at the n ∗ −n junction impact ionize an acceptor level in the n region creating a conduction electron in the n ∗ region. Radiative recombination then occurs in the n region between an ionized luminescent center and a second injected electron.
Viscoplastic crack initiation and propagation in crosslinked UHMWPE from clinically relevant notches up to 0.5 mm radius

Abstract Highly crosslinked UHMWPE is now the material of choice for hard-on-soft bearing couples in total joint replacements. However, the fracture resistance of the polymer remains a design concern for increased longevity of the components in vivo. Fracture research utilizing the traditional linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) or elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) approach has not yielded a definite failure criterion for UHMWPE. Therefore, an advanced viscous fracture model has been applied to various notched compact tension specimen geometries to estimate the fracture resistance of the polymer. Two generic crosslinked UHMWPE formulations (remelted 65 kGy and remelted 100 kGy) were analyzed in this study using notched test specimens with three different notch radii under static loading conditions. The results suggest that the viscous fracture model can be applied to crosslinked UHMWPE and a single value of critical energy governs crack initiation and propagation in the material. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to implement a mechanistic approach to study crack initiation and propagation in UHMWPE for a range of clinically relevant stress-concentration geometries. It is believed that a combination of structural analysis of components and material parameter quantification is a path to effective failure prediction in UHMWPE total joint replacement components, though additional testing is needed to verify the rigor of this approach.