cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation of NMDAR1 subunit gene expression in cortical neurons via a PKA-dependent pathway.

Transcription mediated by protein kinase A and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) has been linked to the establishment of long-term memory and cell survival. However, all of the major targets for activated CREB have yet to be identified. Given the fact that CREB-mediated transcription is intimately involved in cellular processes of learning and memory and that CREB activity can be regulated by synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and metabotropic GABA receptors, we have studied the role of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway in the regulation of the NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1), a subunit required for functional receptor formation. We now report that levels of NMDAR1 subunit protein in primary neocortical cultures are increased 66% in response to forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase. Up-regulation of NMDAR1 is paralleled by a twofold increase in mRNA levels and an 83% increase in NMDAR1 promoter/luciferase reporter activity that is dependent on protein kinase A. Three cAMP regulatory elements (CREs) in the rat NMDAR1 promoter (− 228, − 67, and − 39) bind CREB in vitro and forskolin increases binding to two of the sites (− 228 and – 67). Chromatin immunoprecipitation of neuronal rat genomic DNA reveals that CREB is bound in vivo to the endogenous NMDAR1 gene. Increased presence of the activated Ser133 phosphorylated form is dependent on the length of exposure to forskolin. Taken together with the results of mutational analysis, the findings strongly suggest that transcription of NMDAR1 is regulated by the c-AMP signaling pathway, most likely through the binding of CREB and its activation by signal-dependent phosphorylation.
Waveguide QED: Power spectra and correlations of two photons scattered off multiple distant qubits and a mirror

We study two-level systems (2LS) coupled at different points to a one-dimensional waveguide in which one end is open and the other is either open (infinite waveguide) or closed by a mirror (semi-infinite). Upon injection of two photons (corresponding to weak coherent driving), the resonance fluorescence and photon correlations are shaped by the effective qubit transition frequencies and decay rates, which are substantially modified by interference effects. In contrast to the well-known result in an infinite waveguide, photons reflected by a single 2LS coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide are initially bunched, a result that can be simply explained by stimulated emission. As the number of 2LS increases (up to 10 are considered here), rapid oscillations build up in the correlations that persist for a very long time. For instance, when the incoming photons are slightly detuned, the transmitted photons in the infinite waveguide are highly antibunched. On the other hand, upon resonant driving, incoherently reflected photons are mostly distributed within the photonic band gap and several sharp side peaks. These features can be explained by considering the poles of the single-particle Green function in the Markovian regime combined with the time delay. Our calculation is not restricted to the Markovian regime, and we obtain several fully non-Markovian results. We show that a single 2LS in a semi-infinite waveguide can not be decoupled by placing it at the node of the photonic field, in contrast to recent results in the Markovian regime. Our results illustrate the complexities that ensue when several qubits are strongly coupled to a bus (the waveguide) as might happen in quantum information processing.
Counter-Intuitive Geographic ``Facts'': Clues for Spatial Reasoning at Geographic Scales

‘Counter-intuitive’ geographic facts provide insight into spatial reasoning at geographic scales. Situations that are judged as counter-intuitive by many people probably result from ‘correct’ spatial reasoning based of distorted spatial knowledge that is common to populations. Systematic distortions of latitude and longitude are examined by asking subjects to judge whether certain cities were east or west (or, north or south) of a common city. When the proportion judging each city to be a certain direction is mapped, the isolines reveal systematic distortions of geographic configurations that are consistent with hierarchical knowledge representation and several prototype effects.
Hydrolysis of Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Associated with Binding of Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid to Ribosomes

Abstract The binding of aminoacyl transfer RNA to ribosomes is a multistep reaction that is dependent on GTP and on the supernatant fraction called T. An intermediate T-GTP-aminoacyl-tRNA complex can be isolated with the GTP intact. In the work described here, the isolated complex was allowed to interact with ribosomes previously charged with polyuridylic acid and N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA; the phenylalanyl-tRNA moiety of the complex bound to the ribosomes, and the GTP was split into GDP and Pi. The same reaction was observed as a GTPase stimulated by T factor, aminoacyl-tRNA, message, and ribosome. This GTPase was not inhibited by sparsomycin, which blocks dipeptide formation, nor by fusidic acid, which blocks the ribosome-dependent GTPase of G factor (the supernatant factor required in addition to the T factor in the polypeptide chain elongation process). The GTPase was not affected by chlortetracycline under conditions in which the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomes was blocked. The 50 S ribosomal subunit alone supported the GTP hydrolysis. Both binding and GTPase paralleled each other under limiting GTP concentrations, were poorly inhibited by GDP and guanylyl 5'-methylene diphosphonate, and paralleled each other in NH4+ and Mg++ requirements and sensitivity to a sulfhydryl inhibitor. It is concluded that, although GTP hydrolysis resulted from the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes in a 1:1 stoichiometry, the two reactions were not tightly coupled under all experimental conditions. An improved procedure for the purification of the T and G factors is described.
Thermal Analysis-Definitions, Codes of Practice, and Nomenclature

Those who practice the techniques of thermal analysis are well advised to notice and use the definitions, conventions, codes of practice, and methods of reporting data advocated by the International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC). These recommendations have been widely circulated and are to be found in the booklet For Better Thermal Analysis. The recommended names and abbreviations of the various techniques in thermal analysis are listed. The classification of thermal analysis techniques is given. The definitions follow. The reporting of thermal analysis data is discussed. Publications on thermal analysis are listed. Keywords: thermal analysis; formal definitions; nomenclature; symbols; standardization; thermodynamic basis; kinetic basis; publications
Role of bacteria in leukocyte adhesion deficiency-associated periodontitis

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Type I (LAD-I)-associated periodontitis is an aggressive form of inflammatory bone loss that has been historically attributed to lack of neutrophil surveillance of the periodontal infection. However, this form of periodontitis has proven unresponsive to antibiotics and/or mechanical removal of the tooth-associated biofilm. Recent studies in LAD-I patients and relevant animal models have shown that the fundamental cause of LAD-I periodontitis involves dysregulation of a granulopoietic cytokine cascade. This cascade includes interleukin IL-23 (IL-23) and IL-17 that drive inflammatory bone loss in LAD-I patients and animal models and, moreover, foster a nutritionally favorable environment for bacterial growth and development of a compositionally unique microbiome. Although the lack of neutrophil surveillance in the periodontal pockets might be expected to lead to uncontrolled bacterial invasion of the underlying connective tissue, microbiological analyses of gingival biopsies from LAD-I patients did not reveal tissue-invasive infection. However, bacterial lipopolysaccharide was shown to translocate into the lesions of LAD-I periodontitis. It is concluded that the bacteria serve as initial triggers for local immunopathology through translocation of bacterial products into the underlying tissues where they unleash the dysregulated IL-23-IL-17 axis. Subsequently, the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory response sustains and shapes a unique local microbiome which, in turn, can further exacerbate inflammation and bone loss in the susceptible host.
Synthesizing missing data points with iterated function systems

A current application for fractals and iterated function systems (IFSs) is data compression. A new use for fractals and IFSs, namely, synthesizing missing examples in given data with a self-affine fractal model, is explored. The authors discuss how to find the IFS model parameters required to closely approximate the given data as well as using the IFS model to estimate the missing samples. Applications of this work to a mountain profile and stock market data are presented. >
A dielectric study of the glass transition region in segmented polyether-urethane copolymers

Ten polyether-urethane thermoplastic elastomers of varying chemical structure have been characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and scanning calorimetry. In the temperature range corresponding to the glass-rubber transition of the predominantly polyether phase, modification of the primary dielectric transition and the occurrence of a second transition at somewhat higher temperature have been observed. Through comparison with calorimetric data, these events have been related to supercooling of crystallizable polyether segments. Supercooling suppresses dielectric loss processes in some regimes and enhances losses in others. By systematic variation of chemical structure these phenomena have been classified.
Deviant classroom behavior as a function of combinations of social and token reinforcement and cost contingency

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of program variables in modifying deviant classroom behavior within an experimental class setting. Experiment I evaluated combinations of one setting variable and three treatment variables (social reinforcement, token reinforcement, and cost contingency) in modifying the behavior of five subjects. Experiment II replicated the treatment procedures on a second group of subjects and evaluated combined effects of the above variables when applied to deviant behavior over an extended treatment period. Combinations of variables were less effective in controlling behavior than was simultaneous application of all treatment variables. Functional relationships were established between increases in appropriate behavior and both token reinforcement and cost contingency. Increases in appropriate behavior were associated with a change in setting and with manipulation of social reinforcement from the teachers. However, no attempt was made to establish functional relationships between these two variables and changes in appropriate behavior. Effects obtained with the combined replication of all treatment variables in Experiment II were virtually identical to those obtained in Experiment I.
Use of coronary artery stents in the treatment of internal carotid artery stenosis at the base of the skull

The management of high-grade stenosis involving the petrosal segment of the internal carotid artery has been limited to angioplasty alone in the past. However, if angioplasty fails or has less than optimum results, then endovascular stent placement should be considered. We present the first two known cases in which the Multi-Link coronary stent was used for the treatment of internal carotid disease in the petrosal segment. The first patient had symptomatic stenosis that failed angioplasty after seven months and the second patient had a symptomatic lesion that dissected upon angioplasty. The flexibility and low profile characteristics of the stent allowed it to be safely deployed with balloon expansion. No complications occurred and the patients tolerated the procedure. Patients were carefully monitored and no new neurologic events in six months of follow up occurred. These cases reveal the good clinical results of stent placement for surgically-inaccessible lesions of the internal carotid artery in the skull base.
The use of radiographs in small cast-gold restorations

The rationale for the use of treatment radiographs in the construction of cast-gold restorations has been presented. Radiographs are made in the University of Louisville Fixed Prosthodontics Clinic at the precementation and postcementation stage of treatment when casting margins are inaccessible. Radiographs at this stage of treatment permit detection and correction of a variety of problems that may not be discovered clinically and allow the construction of excellent cast-gold restorations that would be impossible otherwise. Because all radiation safety factors are observed, the amount of radiation a patient receives is minimized.
Reactivity studies of S-methylthiophenium tetrafluoroborates

The polarographic behavior of four S-methylthiophenium tetrafluoroborates, I-IV, has been investigated in Britton-Robinson aqueous buffers. The compounds under study were the S-methylbenzo[b]thiophenium (I), S-methylnaphtho[2,3-b]thiophenium (II), S-methyldibenzothiophenium (III), and S-methylnaphtho[2,1-b]thiophenium (IV) tetrafluoroborates which were obtained from the parent sulfur heterocycles by their reaction with methyl iodide and silver tetrafluoroborate in 1,2-dichloroethane, II and IV being new compounds. Compounds I-IV give two one-electron reduction waves and the more positive wave appears to be associated with an electron transfer from the electrode to the LUMO of the substrate as indicated by the experimental E1/2 vs calculated LUMO values plot (Figure 2). The rates of demethylation of the ions I-IV with the iodide ion acting as the nucleophile have been determined in the Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 6)-acetonitrile solution at 24°. The results of the polarographic study and of the kinetic studies with the iodide ion confirm the high reactivity of S-methylthiophenium ions which originates in the antiaromatic destabilization of these structures.
The Value of Arteriography in the Management of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

The value of arteriography in the management of aneurysmal bone cyst is demonstrated in three cases in which the most vascular area of the tumor was the earliest and/or only one to recur. The prognostic value of arteriography is postulated.
The effective energy and laminated microstructures in martensitic phase transformations

We study the behavior of crystals that undergo martensitic transformations. On cooling, the high-temperature phase (austenite) transforms to the martensite phase changing its crystalline symmetry. The lower crystalline symmetry of the martensite gives rise to several variants of martensite. Each variant has an associated transformation strain. These variants accommodate themselves (according to the boundary conditions) forming a microstructure that minimizes the elastic energy. This minimum value of the energy is called the effective energy. We assume that all the material is in the martensite phase (i.e. the material is at low temperatures). We show that, assuming the geometrically linear approximation, the maximum of the effective energy restricted to applied strains in the convex hull of the transformation strains is attained by an applied strain that is a convex combination of only two transformation strains. We derive a recurrence relation to compute the energy corresponding to laminated microstructures of arbitrary rank, under the assumption that the variants of martensite are linearly elastic and their elastic moduli are isotropic. We use this recurrence relation to develop an algorithm that minimizes the energy over microstructures that belong to the class of rank-r laminates. We apply our methods to the case in which the transformation is cubic to monoclinic (corresponding to TiNi). We conclude with some comments on the possible implications of our calculations on the behavior of this shape-memory alloy.
Differentiation of olefin isomers by survivor-ion mass spectrometry

Survivor-ion mass spectrometry is a method that relies on the selective monitoring of non-dissociating ions that underwent collisional neutralization and reionization. These charge-permutation processes are found to modulate the relative intensities of precursor ions, both molecular ions and fragments, formed by electron impact from C 6 H 10 , C 6 H 12 , C 6 H 12 O, and xylene isomers. The relative intensities of highly-unsaturated ions, such a C 5 H 5 + , C 4 H 2 + , C 3 H 3 + , and C 2 H 2 +. , and enol ions are enhanced in the survivor-ion spectra in dependence on the neutralization gas. Isomer differentiation through survivor-ion spectra is achieved for conjugated hexadienes, 1,4-hexadiene and cyclohexene, but not for hexenols and xylenes
Determination of vitamin K1 in serum using catalytic-reduction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract A new method for the liquid chromatographic-fluorescence determination of serum vitamin K1 is described using reduction of the K-quinone to the fluorescent K-hydroquinone. The reduction reaction occurs “on-line” in the LC system using a catalytic reducer column and an alcohol mobile phase as reductant. A procedure for serum determination utilizes a liquid-liquid serum lipid extraction followed by normal-phase fractionation on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The final measurement uses a reversed-phase (C18) separation with a ethanol-methanol mobile phase and provides a detection limit of approximately 20 pg/ml.
Gabriele Gräfin von Wartensleben and the birth of Gestaltpsychologie.

Gestaltpsychologie had its birth in the fertile intellectual climate of Frankfurt am Main several years before the official founding of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University at Frankfurt. Among those in the group surrounding Max Wertheimer and applying his ideas each to their own special problems were Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler, and Gabriele Grafin von Wartensleben. In addition to being the first woman to receive a doctor of philosophy degree from the University of Vienna, Von Wartensleben was the first person to publish a didactic statement of Wertheimer's general principles of Gestalttheorie.
Non-Abelian SU(2) gauge fields through density wave order and strain in graphene

Spatially varying strain patterns can qualitatively alter the electronic properties of graphene, acting as effective valley-dependent magnetic fields and giving rise to pseudo-Landau-level (PLL) quantization. Here, we show that the strain-induced magnetic field is one component of a non-Abelian $SU(2)$ gauge field within the low-energy theory of graphene and identify the other two components as period-3 charge-density waves. We show that these density waves, if spatially varied, give rise to PLL quantization. We also argue that strain-induced magnetic fields can induce density-wave order in graphene, thus dynamically gapping out the lowest PLL; moreover, the ordering should generically be accompanied by dislocations. We discuss experimental signatures of these effects.
Quirigua: A Classic Maya Center and Its Sculptures

Quirigua: A Classic Maya Center and Its Sculptures. Robert J. Sharer. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1990.124 pp. $39.95 (cloth). ISBN 0–89089–260–1.
Ion beam induced amorphization of monazite

Abstract Monazite, monoclinic CePO 4 , is an often used phase in geologic age dating because of its high U content and has more recently been proposed to be host phase for the immobilization of nuclear waste. A naturally occurring monazite from Petaca, New Mexico, was irradiated by 1.5 MeV Kr + ions over temperatures ranging from 30 to 480 K. The calculated critical temperature for amorphization is 428 K. A single stage annealing process is attributed to epitaxial recrystallization due to radiation-enhanced defect mobility (activation energy = 0.064 eV). The response of monazite to irradiation is compared to that of structurally and chemically related minerals: zircon (ZrSiO 4 ), fluorapatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F], and berlinite (AlPO 4 ), having critical temperatures of amorphization of 1101, 475, and 650 K, respectively.
A low-level linear rundown circuit for pulse-height to pulse-width conversion

The two-transistor linear rundown circuit analyzed here is desirable because of its size and economy. The circuit uses one transistor for the constant-current generator and another for an emitter-follower. Waveforms obtained from both experimental and theoretical analysis correlated well enough to plot them as a single waveform. With the addition of a differentiating circuit, this rundown circuit is well suited for the problem of low-level pulse-height to pulse-width conversion.
The effectiveness of indexing in percussion and rotary drilling

Abstract Considerable light is focused in this investigation on the mechanics of indexing and its quantitative relation to the drilling process. Following are the principal conclusions: 1. (i) In rock drilling with impact (percussion and roller-bit) tools, indexing does not play a major role in affecting the drilling process or in influencing drill performance, e.g. rate of penetration. 2. (ii) Single-crater volume measurements by drop tester are proposed as a reasonable guide to rock drillability. Verification of these hyptheses awaits field confirmation.
Korea And The World: Beyond The Cold War

Korea After the Cold War: An Introduction (Young Whan Kihl.) The Context Korean Unification in Historical Perspective (Han-Kyo Kim.) The Two Koreas and World Order (Samuel S. Kim.) Major Powers And Korea The United States and Korea: Dynamics of Changing Relations (Chae-Jin Lee.) The Soviet Union/Russia and Korea: Dynamics of New Thinking (Ilpyong J. Kim.) China and the Two Koreas: New Emerging Triangle (Hong Yung Lee.) Japan and North Korea: Normalization Talks Between Pyongyang and Tokyo (Hong Nack Kim.) Inter-Korean Relations The Politics of Inter-Korean Relations: Coexistence or Reunification? (Y. W. Kihl.) A Comparison of Unification Policies (B. C. Koh.) Domestic Politics and Unification: Seouls Perspective (Manwoo Lee.) Economic Factors in Korean Reunification (Hy Sang Lee. ) Improving Military Security Relations (Tong Whan Park.) North Koreas Nuclear Program (Kongdan Oh and Ralph C. Hassig.) Future Prospects Prospects for Korean Reunification: An Assessment (Young C. Kim.) The Lessons of United Germany for Divided Korea (Sung Chul Yang.) Korean Reunification in a Comparative Perspective (In Kwan Hwang.) The United Nations and Reunification (Tae Hwan Kwak.) Ideological Synthesis for Reunified Korea (Han Shik Park.) Epilogue: Korean Conundrum in the PostCold War Era (Young Whan Kihl.).
Effects of artificial recharge on ground water quality and aquifer storage recovery

Ground water nitrate contamination and water level decline are common concern in Nebraska. Effects of artificial recharge on ground water quality and aquifer storage recovery (ASR) were studied with spreading basins constructed in the highly agricultural region of the Central Platte, Nebraska. A total of 1.10 million m 3 of Platte River water recharged the aquifer through 5000 m 2 of the recharge basins during 1992, 1993, and 1994. This is equivalent to the quantity needed to completely displace the ground water beneath 34 ha of the local primary aquifer with 13 m thickness and 0.25 porosity. Successful NO 3 -N remediation was documented beneath and downgradient of the recharge basins, where NO 3 -N declined from 20 to 2 mg L -1 . Ground water atrazine concentrations at the site decreased from 2 to 0.2 mg L -1 due to recharge. Both NO 3 -N and atrazine contamination dramatically improved from concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant levels to those of drinking water quality. The water table at the site rose rapidly in response to recharge during the early stage then leveled off as infiltration rates declined. At the end of the 1992 recharge season, the water table 12 m downgradient from the basins was elevated 1.36 m above the preproject level; however, at the end of the 1993 recharge season, any increase in the water table from artificial recharge was masked by extremely slow infiltration rates and heavy recharge from precipitation from the wettest growing season in over 100 years. The water table rose 1.37 m during the 1994 recharge season. Resultant ground water quality and ASR improvement from the artificial recharge were measured at 1000 m downgradient and 600 m upgradient from the recharge basins. Constant infiltration rates were not sustained in any of the three years, and rates always decreased with time presumably because of clogging. Scraping the basin floor increased infiltration rates. Using a pulsed recharge to create dry and wet cycles and maintaining low standing water heads in the basins appeared to reduce microbial growth, and therefore enhanced infiltration.
Pump/probe Z-scan studies of GaAs nanocrystals grown in porous glass

Abstract Time-resolved pump/probe Z-scan experiments using 1064 nm, 100 ps duration pulses were performed to determine the temporal characteristics of the optical nonlinearities of quantum confined GaAs nanocrystals doped in Vycor glass. The buildin and decay of the nonlinearities are instantaneous with respect to the excitation pulses. Single-beam Z-scan experiments were also used to measure the two-photon absorption coefficient, β, and bound electronic nonlinear refractive index, γ, of the quantum confined nanocrystals. The ratio γ β is enhanced by a factor of approximately ten compared to bulk GaAs.
Multiobjective optimization procedure for the design of rotating composite box beams with discrete piezoelectric actuators

A multiobjective optimization procedure is developed for rotating composite box beams with discrete piezoelectric actuators. A rotating composite cantilever box beam model is presented that includes piezoelectric elements used as induced-strain actuators for vibration control. The model is implemented using the finite elements method. Multiple design objectives are efficiently combined using a multiobjective optimization formulation. Actuator locations and ply-stacking sequences are represented with discrete (0,1) variables while structural/control parameters such as box beam dimensions are continuous design variables. A transformation technique is used to formulate the combined continuous/discrete problem. This allows both optimal actuator locations and structural/control parameters to be determined inside a closed loop procedure. A technique based on simulated annealing is used for optimization in conjunction with an approximate analysis technique to reduce computational effort.
Evolution on the level of communities

According to traditional models, natural selection is largely insensitive to an organism's effect on its community. Effects on the community at large cannot feed back differentially to the organisms that cause them, and, hence, cannot lead to the differential fitness of the organisms. However, if a spatial variation exists in community composition, organisms do differentially feel their own effects on the community, and this leads to a form of evolution on the community level. Without violating the principle of individual selection, the concept of an organism that exists for the "function" its performs in its community may be valid in some cases.
Environmental perturbation of the circadian clock disrupts pregnancy in the mouse.

Background: The circadian clock has been linked to reproduction at many levels in mammals. Epidemiological studies of female shift workers have reported increased rates of reproductive abnormalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes, although whether the cause is circadian disruption or another factor associated with shift work is unknown. Here we test whether environmental disruption of circadian rhythms, using repeated shifts of the light:dark (LD) cycle, adversely affects reproductive success in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings: Young adult female C57BL/6J (B6) mice were paired with B6 males until copulation was verified by visual identification of vaginal plug formation. Females were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, phase-delay or phase-advance. Controls remained on a constant 12-hr light:12-hr dark cycle, whereas phasedelayed and phase-advanced mice were subjected to 6-hr delays or advances in the LD cycle every 5–6 days, respectively. The number of copulations resulting in term pregnancies was determined. Control females had a full-term pregnancy success rate of 90% (11/12), which fell to 50% (9/18; p,0.1) in the phase-delay group and 22% (4/18; p,0.01) in the phaseadvance group. Conclusions/Significance: Repeated shifting of the LD cycle, which disrupts endogenous circadian timekeeping, dramatically reduces pregnancy success in mice. Advances of the LD cycle have a greater negative impact on pregnancy outcomes and, in non-pregnant female mice, require longer for circadian re-entrainment, suggesting that the magnitude or duration of circadian misalignment may be related to the severity of the adverse impact on pregnancy. These results explicitly link disruptions of circadian entrainment to adverse pregnancy outcomes in mammals, which may have important implications for the reproductive health of female shift workers, women with circadian rhythm sleep disorders and/or women with disturbed circadian rhythms for other reasons.
Mechanisms of formation of polymeric transfer films

Abstract The role of the transfer film in reducing wear of polymers is discussed. It is shown that the transfer film forms more readily on roughened surfaces and that it can exist in a solid state and in a low viscosity or fluid state. Each state controls friction and wear of the polymer in a different way.
Growth of Rats on Synthetic Diets containing Limiting Amounts of Thiamine.

SummarySuperior growth was obtained when synthetic diets containing various levels of thiamine were supplemented with sulphited liver extract. The addition of p-aminobenzoic acid and inositol to the synthetic ration also increased the rate of growth of rats receiving suboptimal levels of thiamine.
Morphology and hydrodynamics of wave-cut gullies

Abstract Wave-cut gullies are sub-triangular incisions common along deteriorating marsh scarps. Wave gullies may be equispaced to quasi-equispaced and enlarge in time, incising the marsh boundary. A high resolution survey is provided for ten wave gullies formed along the chenier plain of the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. The measurements capture the morphologic character, evolution, and erosion rates of wave-cut gullies over a two month period. The data relate changes in morphology to geometric factors and shoreline retreat. Finally, the first analysis of wave data measured by acoustic Doppler velocity profilers is presented to show how propagating waves are transformed inside a wave-cut gully in order to describe the processes leading to their formation. Results show that waves of intermediate period (4–6 s) yield very strong swash currents that hit the gully head, detaching marsh substrate and triggering headward erosion. A conceptual model of wave gully evolution is presented as an explanation for this non-uniform, episodic shoreline erosion.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Contrave

Contrave is an investigational fixed-dose combination drug of naltrexone and bupropion currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of obesity. Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc. has demonstrated efficacy of their product and is currently addressing FDA safety concerns and deciding future actions.
Airborne Radiometeorological Research

This paper deals with the Naval Research Laboratory's airborne research in military radar and propagation problems. The military problems include predictions of radar and propagation conditions at specific places and times, and hence, fruitful research must be directed at establishing the geophysical causes of signal behavior. The flying laboratory system for quantitative measurements of ground and sea-clutter and of microwave field strengths is described, and some of the experimental conclusions given. Philosophy and equipment of a new research aircraft for radar and propagation studies is described, and its optimum use in airborne propagation research is outlined.
THE ELECTROCONVULSIVE THRESHOLD AND CEREBRAL METABOLISM DURING STARVATION IN THE ADULT RAT

Brief fasting raises the convulsive threshold in the human. This clinical observation led to the use of a ketogenic diet in epilepsy. To study the mechanism underlying this observation, the electroconvulsive threshold (ECT) of adult rats was determined before fasting and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after food deprivation. The ECT was unchanged at 24 hours, rising at 48 hours (p < .05) and 72 hours (p < .01). During starvation blood glucose levels fell and blood ketone bodies rose with similar changes, respectively, in brain tissue. Brain sodium levels were slightly higher at 24 and 72 hours and unchanged at 48 hours whereas brain potassium levels gradually rose at 48 hours (p < .10) and at 72 hours (p < .025). Brain water content was relatively constant. Ouabain sensitive and insensitive ATPase activity remained unchanged. Glucose-6-phosphate levels rose at 48 and 72 hours whereas malate fell progressively throughout fasting. Lactate and pyruvate levels fell initially then rose and the L/P ratio fell steadily from 12.7 to 10.9. The adenylate pool and Pi remained constant but the cerebral energy charge potential and the phosphorylation state rose at 48 and 72 hours (p < .05). The cerebral energy reserve remained constant. These observed changes are felt to be the consequence of increasing utilization of ketone bodies for cerebral oxidative metabolism with a secondary depression in glycolysis. The rise in brain potassium may reflect this increased utilization of anions and explain the rise in the electroconvulsive threshold.
Expanded spectrum of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–negative vasculitis involving vessels from capillaries to medium-sized arteries

The patient was admitted to a local hospital 2 weeks priorfor a 3-month duration of weight loss, generalized weak-ness, and progressive lower extremity pain. The symptomsstarted gradually, without any notable antecedent event.He felt weak, lost appetite, and developed intermittent drycough and pain in the lower extremities, initially in thethighs, and progressed to bilateral legs. In a matter ofmonths, his health deteriorated from being physically ac-tive and independent to mostly bedridden.Evaluation at the local hospital revealed low-grade fever(37.9°C), mild hypertension (140–150/90 mm Hg), multi-ple new lung nodules on a contrast-enhanced chest andabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, and an ele-vated serum creatinine concentration of 2.6 mg/dl (fromhis baseline of 0.9 mg/dl approximately 6 months ago)with microscopic hematuria. Screening for hepatitis B andC, antinuclear antibodies, complements, and antineutro-phil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) panel (myeloperoxi-dase [MPO] and proteinase 3) was negative. His erythro-cyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 49 mm/hour (referencerange 0–25). A transbronchial biopsy sample of severallung nodules showed no evidence of malignancy or activeinfection and was interpreted as nondiagnostic. For hislower extremity pain, he was empirically treated withintravenous (IV) immunoglobulin for possible Guillain-Barre´ syndrome. The treatment was discontinued 4 dayslater after an electromyogram sample revealed primaryaxonal sensory motor peripheral neuropathy. His kidneydysfunction worsened following intravenous contrast ex-posure for the CT scan; his serum creatinine level rose to3.4 mg/dl. He underwent a left kidney percutaneous bi-opsythatwasreadaspossiblecrescenticglomerulonephri-tis. IV methylprednisolone, 500 mg once daily, was initi-ated. During his hospital stay, the patient developedepisodic confusion. A spinal tap was performed andshowed no abnormality, nor evidence of syphilis or WestNile virus infection. Two days following the initiation ofIV methylprednisolone, his condition further deterioratedwith worsening extremity weakness to the point that hecould not ambulate with assistance and mental confusion.He was then transferred to our institution.
Evaluating Police Department Policy Decisions Using a Simulation Model of Sworn Officer Deployment

In this paper we describe a simulation model built to study police manpower planning and scheduling at the strategic level. The model was designed to analyse current officer shift scheduling and to report average response time for different classes of calls and utilisation of patrol officers. Since the model produces officer utilisation, it could be used as a planning tool supporting shift scheduling, budgeting for new officers and supporting community policing efforts. We describe construction, verification and validation and the parameters for the model. We present results from a baseline study and we show how our model could be used to support several policy decisions about officer utilisation and deployment.
Word order in 20th century Breton

Drawing on original data from a spoken subdialect of Breton and on a variety of texts written by 20th century Breton authors, this study examines the hypothesis of Varin (1979) that modern Breton as it is spoken and written by native speakers is essentially SVO in constituent order. This contrasts with the VSO sequence characteristic of the older, more Celtic-like traditions of word order within the language and characteristic also of the ‘purist’ camp of neo-Breton writers who have learned Breton through formal training. The data analyzed for this study reveal a strong pattern of preference for VSO, with SVO occurring as an important but definitely minor word order alternative.
A138: Clinical Decision Support to Improve Preventive Care in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background/Purpose: Quality indicators, such as infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive care, for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have recently been published and can be utilized for assessing quality of care. Implementation of tools such as clinical decision support (CDS) within the electronic health record (EHR) can be utilized in quality care improvement efforts. The purpose of this quality improvement study is to test the chronic care model to study the relationship between CDS and rates of compliance with infection and CVD preventive care quality indicators for pediatric SLE patients at an outpatient rheumatology clinic. Methods: The study is a pilot retrospective design with a convenience sample. Documentation in the EHR of up to date vaccinations and lipid screen was measured before and after implementation of an electronic documentation template. Data for the comparative hypothesis was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Baseline data was collected from 48 (70%) patient charts and post-CDS data were collected from 20 (30%) patient charts. Before intervention, 15 (31.3%) patients received pneumonia vaccine and 17 (81.0%) of patients received vaccine after intervention. Sixteen (33.3%) patients received influenza vaccine before intervention and 20 (95.2%) received vaccine after intervention. Before intervention, 12 (25.0%) patients received lipid panels and 16 (76.2%) patients received lipid panels after intervention. All three differences were significantly different (Fisher's Exact p < 0.001). Patents were 9 times more likely to receive the pneumococcal vaccination and lipid panels and 40 times more likely to receive the influenza vaccination post intervention than before intervention.1 Table 1. Baseline QI rates, Post-intervention QI rates, and statistical differences between groups PVX Vaccine Influenza Vaccine Lipid Panel a Pretest n = 48 (70%), poster intervention n = 20 (30%); p value < 0.1 Baseline patients meeting QI, n (%) 15 (31.3) 16 (33.3) 12 (25) Post CDS patients meeting QI, n (%) 17 (81) 20 (95) 16 (76) Fischer's Exact test significance .000 .000 .000 Cramer's V .459 .570 .480 Odds Ratio (95% CI) 9.35 (2.683–32.587) 40 (4.917–325.378) 9.6 (2.897–31.810) Conclusion: Use of EHR CDS was associated with improved rates of preventive care for pSLE patients in the Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient setting. Our results suggested that patients were more likely to receive a screening lipid panel, influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination if the health care provider used the EHR template with CDS.
Aging and how it affects the physiological response to exercise in the horse

Abstract The use of older horses for athletic and/or recreational activities is a common practice, with many animals still actively competing or working even at ages greater than 20 years old. Research involving human athletes shows an age-related reduction in the ability to perform strenuous exercise; however, limited data are available regarding the exercise capacity of aged horses. Advancements in medical care as well as our understanding of nutritional and activity requirements of geriatric horses have led to many horses living well into their 20s and even 30s. Thus, there is an increased demand for a more thorough knowledge of the effects of aging on exercise ability. This review discusses the effects of aging on major physiological systems and the resulting impact on athletic performance.
Study of protein splicing and intein-mediated peptide bond cleavage under high-cell-density conditions

Protein splicing elements (inteins), capable of catalyzing controllable peptide bond cleavage reactions, have been used to separate recombinant proteins from affinity tags during affinity purification. Since the inteins eliminate the use of a protease in the recovery process, the intein-mediated purification system has the potential to significantly reduce recovery costs for the industrial production of recombinant proteins. Thus far, the intein system has only been examined and utilized for expression and purification of recombinant proteins at the laboratory scale for cells cultivated at low cell densities. In this study, protein splicing and in vitro cleavage of intein fusion proteins expressed in high-cell-density fed-batch fermentations of recombinant Escherichia coli were examined. Three model intein fusion constructs were used to examine the stability and splicing/cleavage activities of the fusion proteins produced under high-cell-density conditions. The data indicated that the intein fusion protein containing the wild-type intein catalyzed efficient in vivo protein splicing during high-cell-density cultivation. Also, the intein fusion proteins containing modified inteins catalyzed efficient thiol-induced in vitro cleavage reactions. The results of this study demonstrated the potential feasibility of using the intein-mediated protein purification system for industrial-scale production of recombinant proteins.
Effects of site dilution on the magnetic properties of geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets

The effect of site dilution by nonmagnetic impurities on the susceptibility of geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets (kagome and pyrochlore lattices) is discussed in the framework of the generalized constant coupling model, for both classical and quantum Heisenberg spins. For the classical diluted pyrochlore lattice, excellent agreement is found when compared with Monte Carlo data. Results for the quantum case are also presented and discussed.
Seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocation for the magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera, eastern California

Abstract A new three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity model and high-precision location catalog for earthquakes between 1984 and 2014 are presented for Long Valley Caldera and its adjacent fault zones in eastern California. The simul2000 tomography algorithm is applied to derive the 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs models using first-arrivals of 1004 composite earthquakes obtained from the original seismic data at the Northern California Earthquake Data Center. The resulting Vp model reflects geological structures and agrees with previous local tomographic studies. The simultaneously resolved Vp/Vs model is a major contribution of this study providing an important complement to the Vp model for the interpretation of structural heterogeneities and physical properties in the study area. The caldera is dominated by low Vp anomalies at shallow depths due to postcaldera fill. High Vp and low Vp/Vs values are resolved from the surface to ~ 3.4 km depth beneath the center of the caldera, corresponding to the structural uplift of the Resurgent Dome. An aseismic body with low Vp and high Vp/Vs anomalies at 4.2–6.2 km depth below the surface is consistent with the location of partial melt suggested by previous studies based on Vp models only and the inflation source locations based on geodetic modeling. The Sierran crystalline rocks outside the caldera are generally characterized with high Vp and low Vp/Vs values. The newly resolved velocity model improves absolute location accuracy for the seismicity in the study area and ultimately provides the basis for a high-precision earthquake catalog based on similar-event cluster analysis and waveform cross-correlation data. The fine-scale velocity structure and precise earthquake relocations are useful for investigating magma sources, seismicity and stress interaction and other seismological studies in Long Valley.
The influence of work values on job and career satisfaction, and organizational commitment among Korean professional level employees

The study contributes to the work values literature as well as to the knowledge base of meaning of working in Asian economies. It represents the results of an empirical study of Korean mid-level employees in diverse industries, investigating the effects of different understandings of work and non-work dimensions on job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and organizational commitment. With a sample size of some 420 responses from 16 different companies, age differences were found for overall meaning of work and also for the effects of importance of working for global organizational commitment. Non-work related dimensions appeared unrelated to work-related outcome variables. We conclude that to a limited degree, age related differentiation exist in relation to work meanings and separation of work and non-work domains for work-related effects. The implications for theory and practice of this research are also discussed.
Position within the geographic range, relative local abundance and developmental instability

Local population abundance often declines with increasing distance from the center of the species' geographic range. This pattern has been hypothesized to parallel the decline in the probability of encountering favorable niche requirements, implying that local abundance is primarily a reflection of local environmental conditions. In this study we evaluate a potential corollary of this hypothesis. We postulate that local conditions that depress abundance are also likely to perturb development. Accordingly, we predicted that spatial patterns in abundance should be mirrored by spatial patterns of developmental instability. To test this prediction we compared 38 contemporary and Pleistocene populations, belonging to 30 mollusc species. Samples were collected at a single site along the Gulf of California, differentially located in relation to the center of each species' geographic range. We identified, as boundaries to triangular bivariate distributions, a negative relationship between developmental instability and relative abundance, and a positive relationship between instability and relative distance from the center of the range. Overall, however, the observed pattern deviated from the expected in that the majority of low-abundance peripheral populations exhibit relatively low levels of developmental instability.