cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Fe-Fe separation in the oxidized form of the hydroxylase of methane monooxygenase alone and in the presence of MMOD.

The diiron active site in the hydroxylase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) methane monooxygenase (MMOH) has been studied in the oxidized form by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Previous investigations by XAS and X-ray crystallography have identified two different distances (3.0 and 3.4 A) between the two Fe atoms in the dinuclear site. The present study has employed a systematic extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) fitting methodology, utilizing known and simulated active site and relevant model structures, to determine unambiguously the Fe-Fe separation in the oxidized form of MMOH. Consistent and unique fits were only possible for an Fe-Fe distance of 3.0 A. This methodology was then applied to study potential changes in the active site local structure in the presence of MMOD, a protein of unknown function in multicomponent MMO. Fe K-edge and EXAFS analyses revealed negligible changes in the diiron site electronic and geometric structure upon addition of MMOD to oxidized MMOH.
The inherent components of unmanned vehicle situation awareness

The purpose of this paper is to present an initial delineation of the inherent components required for unmanned vehicles to possess situation awareness. A broadly adapted human situation awareness definition is directly applied to the notion of unmanned vehicle situation awareness. This work focuses on identifying the inherent components of unmanned vehicle situation based upon the components of human situation awareness. The presented work is foundational for developing a holistic unmanned vehicle situation awareness architecture. It is hypothesized that unmanned vehicles that possess situation awareness will better accommodate dynamic situations while improving human-robotic interaction.
The Influence of Topography and Lower-Tropospheric Winds on Dryline Morphology

Abstract The effects of topography, wind shear, and zonal wind speed on dryline formation and evolution are investigated using a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Rather than conduct a case study a parameter study was performed to examine factors that control the depth and strength of the dryline circulation. This study reveals that the potential for convective storm formation is greatest in those environments in which the cross-dryline flow is weak above the dryline location. This results in boundary layer flow nearly parallel to the north–south-oriented dryline boundary. Under these conditions, the subsiding westerly flow and elevated residual layer formation do not strengthen the capping inversion above the eastern convective boundary layer. In addition, moist air parcels from near the surface are able to reside within the dryline updraft resulting in higher midtropospheric relative humidity subsequently increasing the likelihood of convective storm initiation. As downslope westerly flo...
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor and Angiogenesis

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an extracelullar glycoprotein of 50 kDa, is one of the main anti-angiogenic factors of the eye. Its main source is the retinal pigment epithelium, from which the mature protein is secreted in a polarized fashion toward the retina. PEDF is present at high concentrations in the interphotoreceptor matrix, the vitreous and the aqueous humor. Pathologies like retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration lead to severe visual loss due to neovessel formation and are accompanied by decreases in PEDF levels during their active phase. Pathological generation of blood vessels is also a key component of the growth and spread of tumors. Two of the main steps in the process of angiogenesis are endothelial cell migration and proliferation. PEDF has been shown to inhibit both, and to induce apoptotic endothelial cell death. These observations have led to its use as an anti-angiogenic substance, not only in animal models of eye diseases but also in clinical trials. Viral-mediated gene transfer, genetically engineered cells, and protein delivery systems located in the periocular or intraocular compartments are used to deliver PEDF to its target. PEDF is well tolerated and targets only new vessel formation. This chapter discusses the effects of PEDF in angiogenic models and the different approaches used in its delivery for the treatment of angiogenic eye diseases.
Aminohydroxybutane bisphosphonate and clenbuterol prevent bone changes and retard muscle atrophy respectively in tail-suspended rats.

Hind-limb unloading by tail suspension of rats, an established model of simulated microgravity, was used to examine the efficacy of aminohydroxybutane bisphosphonate (AHBuBP) and clenbuterol in preventing bone loss and muscle atrophy, respectively. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (299-372 g) were randomized into six groups of six: 1) unsuspended, saline, 2) unsuspended, saline, pair fed with group 3, 3) suspended, saline, 4) suspended, 0.03 mg/kg/day x 2 of AHBuBP, 5) suspended, 0.3 mg/kg/day x 2 of AHBuBP and 6) suspended, 0.3 mg/kg/day x 2 of AHBuBP + clenbuterol (0.5 mg/kg/day i.p. x 6, then 1 mg/kg/day i.p. x 6). Animals in groups 3 to 6 were tail suspended for 14 days from a system of double pulleys and allowed free mobility with their hind limbs unloaded. On days -2 and -1, before suspension on day 0, all rats received a single s.c. injection of either 2 ml/kg of normal saline (vehicle) or AHBuBP. All rats were tested for exercise tolerance before day -2 and on day 10, and grip strength before day -2 and on day 13. On day 14, the rats were euthanized and their humeri, tibias and femurs analyzed in vitro for bone density (by single-photon absorptiometry), strength and stiffness (by 3-point bending). Muscles were analyzed for weight, protein concentration and enzyme activity. Pair feeding had no effect other than on food consumption and body weight. AHBuBP caused a dose-dependent increase in bone density in humeri, tibias and femurs, even in tail-suspended rats, relative to control unsuspended animals, with no significant difference in bone strength or stiffness between AHBuBP groups and unsuspended animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Appropriate Use Criteria: Vital New Link in the Chain of Quality in Pediatric Echocardiography.

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) have been increasingly recognized and utilized as an important link in the chain of quality for adult cardiovascular care since first proposed in 2005 [(1)][1] ([Figure 1][2]). ![Figure 1][3] Figure 1 Ensuring Appropriate Use in Cardiac Imaging Vital links
Women and anger.

Through gender role socialization, women have learned to suppress anger. This leads to somatization and a denial of a sense of self. To teach women how to express anger, methods of anger acknowledgment and expression have been provided. Through the teaching of these techniques, nurses can assist women to experience a paradigm shift: from the belief that "others are responsible for meeting women's needs" to the belief that "women are personally responsible for meeting their own needs." By teaching women assertive communication, nurses can provide women with effective tools to regain control of their life experiences. The "Exercise Application" presents an example of a paradigm shift for the experience of anger.
Smoking control in a hospital setting: a nonsmoking canteen eating area.

For a number of years, the New Orleans VA hospital has considered banning smoking in its canteen eating area. Despite the clearly documented health risks associated with passive smoking (5), concern was that patients and employees would strenuously object to not being able to smoke in the canteen eating area. Despite several studies (2, 3,4) showing the high success and relative ease associated with controlling smolring in other hospital settings, there was reluctance to ban smoking in the hospital canteen eating area. An opportunity to initiate a new smoking policy in the hospital canteen eating area arose when this facility was moved to a different part of the hospital. Prior to its opening, the decision was made for it to be a nonsmoking area. Following extensive renovations, the canteen eating area opened as a no-smoking area. During the next three months, not one complaint was received about smoking not being allowed. Contrary to expectations, no problems arose with banning smoking in this area and only positive comments about controlling smoking were received. Unobtrusive observations of smoking behavior during two daily 10-min. time samples over a three-day period of time indicated 97% rate of compliance to the no-smoking policy. Despite the often made and vigorously presented arguments of the tobacco industry that people will object to any infringement of the right to smoke wherever they wish, research on smolting control (1) has consistently demonstrated that people do not object to appropriate restrictions on their smoking behavior. Hospitals are ideal settings to present comprehensive smoking control, discouragement, and cessation programs. REFERENCES 1. DAWLEY, H. H. (1987) Worksite smoking control, discouragement, and cersation:
Does Colloid Shape Affect Detachment of Colloids by a Moving Air–Water Interface?

Air-water interfaces interact strongly with colloidal particles by capillary forces. The magnitude of the interaction force depends on, among other things, the particle shape. Here, we investigate the effects of particle shape on colloid detachment by a moving air-water interface. We used hydrophilic polystyrene colloids with four different shapes (spheres, barrels, rods, and oblong disks), but otherwise identical surface properties. The nonspherical shapes were created by stretching spherical microspheres on a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The colloids were then deposited onto the inner surface of a glass channel. An air bubble was introduced into the channel and passed through, thereby generating a receding followed by an advancing air-water interface. The detachment of colloids by the air-water interfaces was visualized with a confocal microscope, quantified by image analysis, and analyzed statistically to determine significant differences. For all colloid shapes, the advancing air-water interface caused pronounced colloid detachment (>63%), whereas the receding interface was ineffective in colloid detachment (<1.5%). Among the different colloid shapes, the barrels were most readily removed (94%) by the advancing interface, followed by the spheres and oblong disks (80%) and the rods (63%). Colloid detachment was significantly affected by colloid shape. The presence of an edge, as it occurs in a barrel-shaped colloid, promoted colloid detachment because the air-water interface is being pinned at the edge of the colloid. This suggests that the magnitude of colloid mobilization and transport in porous media is underestimated for edged particles and overestimated for rodlike particles when a sphere is used as a model colloid.
Scheduling Information Feedback to Enhance Training Effectiveness

If skill learning is evaluated in terms of performance on retention or transfer tests, recent evidence has shown that systematically reducing the frequency of augmented information feedback in training facilitates learning, as compared to practice with augmented feedback on every trial. However, in past experiments feedback frequency and scheduling have been confounded. In the present experiments, we separated these variables, showing that both reduced feedback frequency, and the particular scheduling of feedback presentations, are important variables for maximizing learning.
A panel study of coping with involuntary job loss

We examined the role of the quality of reemployment in the process of coping with job loss using a panel design and a four‐month interval for 100 displaced workers. The dynamic process of coping wi...
The Type III Secretion Translocation Pore Senses Host Cell Contact

Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are nano-syringes used by a wide range of Gram-negative pathogens to promote infection by directly injecting effector proteins into targeted host cells. Translocation of effectors is triggered by host-cell contact and requires assembly of a pore in the host-cell plasma membrane, which consists of two translocator proteins. Our understanding of the translocation pore, how it is assembled in the host cell membrane and its precise role in effector translocation, is extremely limited. Here we use a genetic technique to identify protein-protein contacts between pore-forming translocator proteins, as well as the T3SS needle-tip, that are critical for translocon function. The data help establish the orientation of the translocator proteins in the host cell membrane. Analysis of translocon function in mutants that break these contacts demonstrates that an interaction between the pore-forming translocator PopD and the needle-tip is required for sensing host cell contact. Moreover, tethering PopD at a dimer interface also specifically prevents host-cell sensing, arguing that the translocation pore is actively involved in detecting host cell contact. The work presented here therefore establishes a signal transduction pathway for sensing host cell contact that is initiated by a conformational change in the translocation pore, and is subsequently transmitted to the base of the apparatus via a specific contact between the pore and the T3SS needle-tip.
Family Secrets: Transnational Struggles among Children of Filipino Immigrants:

In comparative studies of language proficiency and grades, Filipino second generation youth look relatively successful and assimilated, echoing what we know about their parents: post-1965 Filipino immigrants are predominantly middle-class, college-educated, English-speaking professionals who have integrated easily into U.S. society. Based on fieldwork in two California sites, this paper examines some of the issues and problems confronting second generation Filipino youth. “The family” seems to offer an extremely magnetic and positive basis of Filipino identity for many children of immigrants, yet it is also a deep source of stress and alienation, which for some, has led to internal struggles and extreme despair as manifested by rates of depression and suicidal thoughts. More specifically, by focusing on the gap between family ideology and practices, this paper suggests that many Filipino second generation youth struggle with an emotional transnationalism which situates them between different and often con...
A New Genus of Mucorales

Abundant growth occurs on many of the standard media such as malt agar, oatmeal agar, cornmeal agar, and YpSs medium (Emerson, 1958). Sporangia were obtained on Leonian's medium (Leonian, 1924), melanin formation medium (Waksman, 1961), and on boiled hemp seed in distilled water at temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 C. On the hemp seed the sporangia were produced only on those parts that were exposed to air, although the mycelium grew in the water.
X-Corner Detection for Camera Calibration Using Saddle Points

This paper discusses a corner detection algorithm for camera calibration. Calibration is a necessary step in many computer vision and image processing applications. Robust corner detection for an image of a checkerboard is required to determine intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In this paper, an algorithm for fully automatic and robust X-corner detection is presented. Checkerboard corner points are automatically found in each image without user interaction or any prior information regarding the number of rows or columns. The approach represents each X-corner with a quadratic fitting function. Using the fact that the X-corners are saddle points, the coefficients in the fitting function are used to identify each corner location. The automation of this process greatly simplifies calibration. Our method is robust against noise and different camera orientations. Experimental analysis shows the accuracy of our method using actual images acquired at different camera locations and orientations. Keywords—Camera Calibration, Corner Detector, Saddle Points, X-Corners.
Jaw Dislocation as an Unusual Complication of Upper Endoscopy

This case report presents an unusual complication of upper endoscopy, resulting in jaw dislocation. Temporomandibular joint dislocation is commonly reported in association with anesthesia and intubation, but it is not widely recognized as a complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy. This report also reviews the current literature regarding this complication and discusses the potential causes of dislocation, differential diagnoses for jaw pain following endoscopy, and recommendations for prevention.
Zum Kaufverhalten von Privat- und Geschäftskunden

Die zentrale Aufgabe des IT-Marketing, das zeigten auch die vorherigen Kapitel, ist die Beeinflussung des Kauferverhaltens. Grundvoraussetzung hierfur ist es, zu verstehen, wie es zu Kaufentscheidungen kommt. Denn erst die Kenntnis der zentralen Bestimmungsfaktoren des Kaufverhaltens potenzieller Kunden liefert Anhaltspunkte uber die mogliche Wirkung von Marketingmasnahmen und erlaubt es so, die Aktivitaten zielgerichtet vorzubereiten und umzusetzen.
Making Peasants Backward, 1900–14

The mass cooperative movement encompassed over one-quarter of all peasant households by 1914. To contemporaries and historians since that time, the movement was large and therefore significant, and writers read into it a new form of social organization that challenged the economic stagnation of the old regime and circumvented the system of legal estates.1 In key regards, however, the movement reflected rather than necessarily offset characteristics fundamental to the old regime, including, in the first instance, caste as a principle of social organization. A new sociological classification of populations by occupation and socio-economic function rather than by legal estate was compatible with the separateness associated with caste; for caste was suggested both in the promise to separate rural populations from each other by way of outside and superordinate intervention, and in the basic dichotomy of the educated and advanced manager and the laboring peasant.
New Latino Destinations

On April 10, 2006, Latino immigrants and their allies took to the streets in more than 100 cities throughout the United States to advocate for comprehensive immigration reform. In Albertville, Alabama (population 20,000), more than 5,000 demonstrators marched, some carrying signs that read “Sweet Home Alabama.” In Jackson, Mississippi, approximately 500 participants joined together in singing a Spanish translation of “We Shall Overcome,” a song closely linked with the African American Civil Rights Movement (Hardin, 2006). Three Nebraska cities—South Sioux City, Lincoln, and Omaha—saw a combined 20,000 participants (Gonzalez & Stickney, 2006). Approximately 3,000 demonstrators gathered in Siler City, North Carolina (population 8,079) bearing signs that read, “We love Siler City” and “I pay taxes.” In Atlanta, Georgia, more than 50,000 protestors took to the streets, significantly surpassing the number of participants in such traditional immigrant gateway cities as San Diego, Los Angeles, and Miami (Skiba & Forester, 2006). As news reports documented rallies from Charleston, South Carolina to Indianapolis, Indiana; from Jackson, Mississippi to Garden City, Kansas, they highlighted the complex physical, cultural, and economic contours of a new map of Latino presence in the United States. Although the policy impact of this mobilization remains to be seen, one thing is perfectly clear: The cartographies of settlement for Latino and Latina immigrants have shifted in recent decades, and as Latinos filled the streets in protest, they mapped these shifts onto the landscapes of cities and towns throughout the United States. Who were these Latino demonstrators? How is it that they have come to reside in municipalities, states, and regions that, as recently as 20 years ago, had negligible Latino populations? What is the impact of their presence on socioeconomic, political, and cultural life in new destinations? In this chapter, we survey the small but growing literature on Latinos in
Liberalism and Neutrality

One of the most attractive recent defenses of liberal politics is based upon the idea of the state acting as a neutral authority to fairly order the terms of interaction between the competing interests, both moral and material, of the various groups and individuals in society. This chapter aims to reveal the inadequacies of this idea through a critical analysis of Ronald Dworkin’s articulation of it.
Using concurrent EEG and fMRI to probe the state of the brain in schizophrenia

Perceptional abnormalities in schizophrenia are associated with hallucinations and delusions, but also with negative symptoms and poor functional outcome. Perception can be studied using EEG-derived event related potentials (ERPs). Because of their excellent temporal resolution, ERPs have been used to ask when perception is affected by schizophrenia. Because of its excellent spatial resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to ask where in the brain these effects are seen. We acquired EEG and fMRI data simultaneously to explore when and where auditory perception is affected by schizophrenia. Thirty schizophrenia (SZ) patients and 23 healthy comparison subjects (HC) listened to 1000 Hz tones occurring about every second. We used joint independent components analysis (jICA) to combine EEG-based event-related potential (ERP) and fMRI responses to tones. Five ERP-fMRI joint independent components (JIC) were extracted. The “N100” JIC had temporal weights during N100 (peaking at 100 ms post-tone onset) and fMRI spatial weights in superior and middle temporal gyri (STG/MTG); however, it did not differ between groups. The “P200” JIC had temporal weights during P200 and positive fMRI spatial weights in STG/MTG and frontal areas, and negative spatial weights in the nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and visual cortex. Groups differed on the “P200” JIC: SZ had smaller “P200” JIC, especially those with more severe avolition/apathy. This is consistent with negative symptoms being related to perceptual deficits, and suggests patients with avolition/apathy may allocate too few resources to processing external auditory events and too many to processing internal events.
Improvements on the Agar Plate Method to Determine Lysozyme1

Through systematic investigation of several variables the agar plate assay for lysozyme was modified so that concentrations as low as 5μg egg white lysozyme per 100 ml of sample could be determined in 3 h. Plates were stained with 0.5 g buffalo black in 100 ml 7% acetic acid followed by destaining in 7% acetic acid until satisfactory contrast between clear zones of lysis and surrounding seeded agarose was obtained. Standard egg white lysozyme solutions remained stable for at least 7 days at −5 C. The best lyso-plate method included 1.0 g agarose with 0.1 g NaC1 in 100 ml of a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer seeded with 0.020 g Micrococcus lysodeikticus and incubation at 47 C for 3 h.
Parent decision factors, safety strategies, and fears about infant sleep locations

Abstract Infant sleep safety is a primary concern of parents. Infant sleep locations vary around the world. Purpose: This pilot study investigated the decision factors, fears, and safety strategies reported by parents internationally. Methods: participants (n=49) recruited online from 10 countries completed an anonymous Internet survey in English and submitted a picture of the infant's primary nighttime sleep location. Pictures were coded into ‘shared' (29%) or ‘separate' (71%) sleep surfaces. Results: primary decision factors about infant sleep location were safety, comfort, family sleep quality, and overall ease. Parents maximized safety by providing a clear sleep surface, no blankets, no toys, sleep sack use, and a firm mattress. Different worries and fears emerged depending on the sleep surface. Conclusion: differences in the specific worries and strategies used by parents when deciding whether to share or not share a sleep surface with an infant may be used to tailor future interventions.
Emergent Relationality System/The Insight Engine

The Emergent Relationality System is a work in progress that enfolds multiple research agendas. The system seeks to define a new wholistic approach to CyberArcheology including new forms of multi-modal sensor hardware to work in conjunction with current sensor systems; a new software/search paradigm; and a novel generative virtual environment; to empower the user to bring media materials into “intelligent” proximity/juxtaposition. This system seeks to include the visualization of multiple kinds of sensor data relevant to CyberArcheology as it is brought into dynamic relation with media elements that might not normally exist in the same associational virtual space. Here polysensing systems (parallel multimodal sensing over time) enable the creation of a form of media object that can be given additional meta-data, and can be explored via state of the art search algorithms, new meta mark-up methodologies, and virtual visualization. The system is modular and non-hierarchical and hence a potentially combinatoric modular format is explored in the following text.
Formelsammlung und Umrechnungstafeln

Im folgenden werden einige bekannte Formeln zusammengestellt, die Aufschlus uber Belastung eines Motors, seine Schnellaufigkeit und ahnliches geben und es dem Kon-strukteur ermoglichen, die einzelnen Motoren untereinander zu vergleichen.
Apparatus for characterizing millimeter-wave propagation through magnetoelastic multiferroic materials

This paper presents a unique apparatus for measuring the Faraday rotation imparted on millimeter waves as they propagate through magnetoelastic multiferroic materials. The instrument is designed to operate in the V-band, specifically over the frequency range of 57 GHz to 67 GHz. The instrument focuses a Gaussian beam with a spot size of approximately 12 mm onto a customized material sample holder. A V-Band dual mode polarized horn antenna with horizontal and vertical ports and an intergrated orthomode transducer is used to detect the power from the material under test (MUT) using a lock-in amplifier. Experiments were performed with and without MUT to determine the change in polarization of the millimeter wave in each case.
Separating Manufacturing Metal Chips for Recycling through a Combined Hydrodynamic and Electromagnetic Approach

Metal chip waste from manufacturing industry is a significant issue from both environmental and economical perspectives. As iron is the most commonly used metal in manufacturing industry, a combined hydrodynamic and electromagnetic approach is investigated in this research to separate the ferrous and non-ferrous metal chips. The combined approach is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that the combined hydrodynamic and electromagnetic approach is effective in separating the ferrous and non-ferrous metal chips.
Abstract 19436: Outcomes of Reoperation After Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Implications for Index Repair Strategy

Introduction: The optimal surgical approach for management of acute Type A aortic dissection remains controversial. Arguments in favor of limited index repair include higher operative risk associated with more extensive (e.g. total arch) repair, while arguments in favor of extended repair include concerns regarding outcomes of reoperation. This study aimed to assess outcomes of reoperation after acute Type A dissection repair to guide decision-making around initial operative strategy. Methods: All patients (n = 90) who underwent reoperation (n = 127 procedures) at a single referral institution from 08/2005 to 04/2016 after prior acute Type A dissection repair were reviewed. The primary outcome was 30-day/in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included organ-specific morbidity, and one and five-year outcomes as estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median interval between index Type A repair and first reoperation was 5 years. The majority of reoperations were proximal aortic (aortic valve, aortic root, or ascending) or aortic arch procedures (67%, n = 85, Table); most reoperations were performed in the elective setting (85%, n = 108). Thirty-day mortality was 7.9% (elective: 6.5%, non-elective: 16%) with low rates of organ-specific morbidity. Additional non-staged reoperations were required in 19 patients after the first reoperation, the vast majority (15/19; 79%) of which were distal aortic procedures, during a median follow-up of 2.5 years. One- and five-year survival after initial reoperation was 80% and 62%, respectively. Conclusions: Reoperation after acute Type A aortic dissection repair in the elective setting is associated with low rates of mortality and morbidity. Long-term survival was acceptable and the incidence of needing additional procedures was low. These data support use of a more limited index repair for acute Type A dissection as elective reoperations, if needed, can be performed safely in referral aortic centers.
Polo-like Kinase Couples Cytoplasmic Protein Gradients in the C. elegans Zygote

Summary Intracellular protein gradients underlie essential cellular and developmental processes, but the mechanisms by which they are established are incompletely understood. During the asymmetric division of the C. elegans zygote, the RNA-binding protein MEX-5 forms an anterior-rich cytoplasmic gradient that causes the RNA-binding protein POS-1 to form an opposing, posterior-rich gradient. We demonstrate that the polo-like kinase PLK-1 mediates the repulsive coupling between MEX-5 and POS-1 by increasing the mobility of POS-1 in the anterior. PLK-1 is enriched in the anterior cytoplasm and phosphorylates POS-1, which is both necessary and sufficient to increase POS-1 mobility. Regulation of POS-1 mobility depends on both the interaction between PLK-1 and MEX-5 and between MEX-5 and RNA, suggesting that MEX-5 may recruit PLK-1 to RNA in the anterior. The low concentration of MEX-5/PLK-1 in the posterior cytoplasm provides a permissive environment for the retention of POS-1, which depends on POS-1 RNA binding. Our findings describe a novel reaction/diffusion mechanism in which the asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic PLK-1 couples two RNA-binding protein gradients, thereby partitioning the cytoplasm.
Character Apps for Children's Snacks: Effects of Character Awareness on Snack Selection and Consumption Patterns.

Abstract Objective: Media characters are used to market snacks that are typically of poor nutritional value, which has been linked to childhood obesity. This study examines whether children's snack selections and consumption patterns are influenced by an app depicting a popular children's media character, as well as the role that children's awareness of the character plays. The results can increase our understanding of how to encourage healthier snack selection and consumption in newer game-based marketing venues, such as apps. Materials and Methods: Four- and 5-year-old children (N = 132) played a bowling game on an iPad with no character or with a character holding either healthier or unhealthy snacks. After app-play, children selected and consumed healthier or unhealthy snacks. Children's awareness of the character was measured by children's verbalizations of the character's name during or after app-play. Results: An ordered logistic regression found no significant effect of treatment conditions compar...
Indonesia’s energy transition and its contradictions: Emerging geographies of energy and finance

Abstract Since 2015, the Indonesian solar electricity sector has witnessed unprecedented attention from international investors and developers, with planned solar photovoltaic (PV) projects announced in 2017 set to increase existing installed capacity from 9 megawatts (MW) to over 240 MW. This article examines the emerging geographies of renewable energy generation resulting from the rapid influx of foreign investment into Indonesia’s solar PV sector. While foreign investment may prove successful in increasing the country’s solar PV capacity, it may also produce several contradictory outcomes for Indonesia’s energy transition. Efforts to reconcile demands of risk-averse, profit-driven investors and developers with the needs of the approximately 25 million Indonesians who currently lack access to electricity has resulted in a geography of renewable energy generation characterized by large-scale centralized generation facilities that constrain opportunities for local ownership and control over the energy system. The result – a major contradiction when viewed through the lens of Indonesia’s energy transition development objectives – is not only a flow of economic benefits out of the country and limited improvement in energy access for much of the country, but a missed opportunity in terms of maximizing the socially and politically transformative potential a broader energy transition may entail.
Keyboard and Screen Reader Accessibility in Complex Interactive Science Simulations: Design Challenges and Elegant Solutions

Interactive science simulations are commonly used educational tools that, unfortunately, present many challenges for robust accessibility. The PhET Interactive Simulations project creates a suite of widely used HTML5 interactive science simulations and has been working to advance the accessibility of these simulations for users of alternative input devices (including keyboards) and screen reader software. To provide a highly interactive experience for students, science simulations are often designed to encourage interaction with real-world or otherwise physical objects, resulting in user interface elements being implemented in ways either unrecognizable as native HTML elements, or that require fully custom implementation and interactions. Here, we highlight three examples of simulation design scenarios that presented challenges for keyboard and screen reader access. For each scenario, we describe our initial approach, challenges encountered, and what we have found to be the most elegant solution to address these challenges to date. By sharing our approaches to design and implementation, we aim to contribute to the general knowledge base of effective strategies to support the advancement of accessibility for all educational interactives.
Heat acclimation increases inflammatory and apoptotic responses to subsequent LPS challenge in C2C12 myotubes.

This work investigated the ability of a 6-day heat acclimation protocol to impart heat acclimation-mediated cross-tolerance (HACT) in C2C12 myotubes, as indicated by changes in inflammatory and apoptotic responses to subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Myotubes were incubated at 40 °C for 2 h/day over 6 days (HA) or maintained for 6 days at 37 °C (C). Following 24 h recovery, myotubes from each group received either no stimulation or 500 ng/ml LPS for 2 h (HA + LPS and C + LPS, respectively). Cell lysates were collected and analyzed for protein markers of the heat shock response, inflammation, and apoptosis. As compared to C, HA exhibited an elevated heat shock response [HSP70 (+ 99%); HSP60 (+ 216%); HSP32 (+ 40%); all p < 0.01] and reduced inflammatory and apoptotic signaling [p-NF-ĸB:NF-ĸB (− 99%%); p-JNK (− 49%); all p < 0.01]. When compared to C + LPS, HA + LPS also exhibited an elevated heat shock response [HSP70 (+ 68%); HSP60 (+ 32%); HSP32 (+ 38%); all p < 0.01]. However, inflammatory and apoptotic responses in HA + LPS were increased [p-IKBa:IKBa (+ 432%); p-NF-ĸB:NF-ĸB (+ 283%); caspase-8p18 (+ 53%); p-JNK (+ 41%); all p < 0.05]. This unanticipated finding may be due to increased TLR4-mediated signaling capacity in HA + LPS, as indicated by upregulation of TLR4 [(+ 24%); MyD88 (+ 308%); p-NIK (+ 199%); and p-IKKα/b (+ 81%); all p < 0.05]. Data suggest HA reduces inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle cells that are maintained under basal conditions. However, HACT is selective and does not apply to TLR4 signaling in the present model.
Social Justice Implications of Municipal Transportation Apportionments in Massachusetts: A Case of Disparate Impact

Abstract The question of how social justice interacts with transportation has inspired a long-standing and partisan debate in the U.S., mostly focusing on social exclusion and inequitable distribution of resources. This study adds to this literature by empirically analyzing the extent to which municipal transportation apportionments in Massachusetts put marginalized groups at a disadvantage. An analysis of seven-year data of 351 municipalities in Massachusetts receiving reimbursable grants through the Massachusetts Department of Transportation's Chapter 90 program show that municipalities with a higher percentage of non-white individuals received less apportionment through the program. While these disparities exist for African-American, Asian, and Hispanic populations, they are found to be incidental, not deliberate. Lagged effects show that Massachusetts is investing in municipalities with higher percentage of marginalized individuals to reduce this historic resource gap. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Combining single molecule counting with bead-based multiplexing to quantify biological inflammation time course following skeletal muscle injury.

Bead-based analysis methods allow for the exploration of a variety of complex biological processes. In particular, these techniques can be applied to better understand how peripheral muscle injury contributes to systemic inflammation. Understanding how these two processes affect one another can give additional insight concerning how changes in inflammation effect readiness to perform in exercise and work environments. The present method sought to combine the strengths of bead-based multiplexing with the precision and low-end detection of single molecule counting (SMC) methods. We used performance of an extreme aerobic exercise session (i.e. half-marathon race) to cause a defined quantity of lower body muscle injury and a systemic inflammatory response lasting up to 24 h. Using a high-sensitivity, multiplex assay (Milliplex; Millipore-Sigma) we were able to identify 9 of 21 cytokines that were significantly elevated at either 4 or 24 h post half-marathon performance. Despite the known role of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the pro-inflammatory response, they did not appear to change based on the multiplex analysis. We thus, conducted further analysis using an SMC assay and found increases in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at 4 h compared to 24 h post exercise. This method approach demonstrates how combining two common, bead-based protein assays can increase the amount of meaningful biological information that can be collected. We anticipate that this approach will be useful in a variety of inflammation-associated disease states.
Non-canonical mTORC2 Signaling Regulates Brown Adipocyte Lipid Catabolism through SIRT6-FoxO1

mTORC2 controls glucose and lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that conditionally deleting the essential mTORC2 subunit Rictor in murine brown adipocytes inhibits de novo lipid synthesis, promotes lipid catabolism and thermogenesis, and protects against diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. AKT kinases are the canonical mTORC2 substrates; however, deleting Rictor in brown adipocytes appears to drive lipid catabolism by promoting FoxO1 deacetylation independently of AKT, and in a pathway distinct from its positive role in anabolic lipid synthesis. This facilitates FoxO1 nuclear retention, enhances lipid uptake and lipolysis, and potentiates UCP1 expression. We provide evidence that SIRT6 is the FoxO1 deacetylase suppressed by mTORC2 and show an endogenous interaction between SIRT6 and mTORC2 in both mouse and human cells. Our findings suggest a new paradigm of mTORC2 function filling an important gap in our understanding of this more mysterious mTOR complex.
Singular Perturbation Expansion for Utility Maximization with Order-$\epsilon$ Quadratic Transaction Costs

We present an expansion for portfolio optimization in the presence of small, instantaneous, quadratic transaction costs. Specifically, the magnitude of transaction costs has a coefficient that is of the order $\epsilon$ small, which leads to the optimization problem having an asymptotically-singular Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation whose solution can be expanded in powers of $\sqrt\epsilon$. In this paper we derive explicit formulae for the first two terms of this expansion. Analysis and simulation are provided to show the behavior of this approximating solution.
Jack Kerouac : un French guy pareil comme moi ?

L’auteur, Robert B. Perreault, un Franco-Americain de Manchester au New- Hampshire, raconte comment, en 1973, il a decouvert l’oeuvre de l’ecrivain Jack Kerouac lorsqu’un ami lui a mis entre les mains le volume Satori in Paris en lui disant : « C’est ecrit par un French guy de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, pareil comme toi. » Apres avoir lu ce livre, Perreault fait une etude approfondie du reste de l’oeuvre de Kerouac, ainsi que de sa vie et sa carriere, pour ensuite determiner a quel point son ami avait raison en appelant Kerouac « un French guy de la Nouvelle-Angleterre comme [lui] ». Cet essai est donc le resultat de sa recherche.
Simulation of flow boiling in micro-channels: Effects of inlet flow rate and hot-spots

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a numerical study on the flow boiling in a micro-channel heat sink. The Navier-Stokes equations, energy equation, and the continuity equation are solved in a finite-volume framework using the front-tracking method. The numerical method is validated by comparison with the experimental results for a slug bubble growth, and vertical flow boiling. The numerical method is then used to study the effect of changing the inflow mass-velocity on the heat transfer coefficient, bubble size distribution, and the bubble nucleation frequency for a constant heat flux. The mean heat transfer coefficient of all the cases is found to be nearly twice that of the single-phase heat transfer coefficient. The bubble nucleation frequency is found to increase monotonically with the inflow mass-velocity. The bubble size distribution along the channel is found to become flatter as the mass-velocity is increased. We identify three distinct phases of the bubble evolution, namely the initial rapid growth phase, the boiling dominant phase, and finally the condensation dominant phase. Subsequently, the numerical method is used to study the effect of having a hot-spot near the bubble nucleation site on the heat transfer characteristics. It is found that the bubble nucleation frequency increases and the bubbles’ maximum volume decreases as the intensity of the hot-spot is increased for a fixed inlet flow rate. It is also observed that the average heat transfer coefficient does not change significantly with changing the intensity of the hot-spot, and that the bubble size distribution along the channel becomes flatter as the intensity of the hot-spot is increased.
Predicting bicycling and walking traffic using street view imagery and destination data

Abstract Few studies predict spatial patterns of bicycling and walking across multiple cities using street-level data. This study aims to model bicycle and pedestrian traffic at 4145 count locations across 20 U.S. cities using new micro-scale variables: (1) destinations from Google Point of Interest data (e.g., restaurants, schools) and (2) pixel classification from Google Street View imagery (e.g., sidewalks, trees, streetlights). We applied machine learning algorithms to assess how well street-level variables predict bicycling and walking rates. Adding street-level variables improved out-of-sample prediction accuracy of bicycling and walking activities. We also found that street-level variables (10-fold CV R2: 0.82–0.88) may be a useful alternative to Census data (0.85–0.88). Macro-scale factors (e.g., zoning) captured by Census data and micro-scale factors (e.g., streetscapes) captured in our street-level data are both useful for predicting active travel. Our models provide a new tool for estimating and understanding the spatial patterns of active travel.
Reforming old-age pension systems in developing countries: lessons from Latin America

Latin American countries, pioneered by Chile, have launched bold old age pensionreforms. While these reforms may address issues of financial sustainability of the pensionsystems, their most valuable contribution is related to political economy aspects asthey avoid perverse redistribution within the system and minimise the risk of governmentappropriation. On the negative side, Chilean inspired reforms represent a costly approach toreform; they may lead to concentration within the industry and increase risks faced by theindividual. They do not eliminate evasion, and in some of its versions, they may introduceproblems of adverse selection. More importantly, such reforms do not guarantee that oldage will be free of poverty, which is (or should be) the main objective of a pension system.JEL JEL Classification: J26; H55; J14.
Targeting radiation-induced upstream stimulatory factor-1 by histone deacetylase inhibitors to reverse radioresistance in prostate cancer.

Background Ionizing radiation (IR) is a standard modality for the management of solid tumors. Apart from its killing effects, IR can induce pro-survival factors leading to radioresistance of cancer. Mechanistic understanding of radiation resistance is warranted to overcome the pro-survival effects of IR. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the role of upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1) in the induction of radioresistance in prostate cancer and its targeting by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to reverse resistance. Methods and results This study reports here that USF-1 is a marker for radioresistance in PC-3 cells. Using protein-DNA array analysis, it was documented that DNA binding activity of USF-1 was elevated following IR in PC-3 cells. Novel HDAC inhibitors downregulated USF-1 binding either alone or in combination with IR. A 5 Gy dose of IR induced the expression of target genes of USF-1 (human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT], IGF2R, CyclinB1, and Cdk1), however, HDAC inhibitors alone or in combination with IR reduced their expression as measured by real time RT PCR analysis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that while USF-1 localized primarily in the nucleus following IR, it localized in the cytoplasm when treated with HDAC inhibitors/combination. Maximum effects of modulation of USF-1 expression (overexpression or suppression) were observed on hTERT activity as determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To further confirm the role of USF-1 in radioresistance, cell growth was analyzed using the real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) system. This study found that USF-1-transfected cells proliferated faster than the vector-transfected cells with or without treatments with HDAC inhibitors/IR/combination. Colony forming assay also confirmed that USF-1 overexpression led to increased survival following IR. Importantly, colony-forming assay demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors reversed the radioresistance in both PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors reverse the radioresistance in prostate cancer through down-modulation of USF-1-mediated transactivation of target genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle.