cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The comorbidity of Axis I disorders in depressed pregnant women

Depression during pregnancy is highly prevalent and is associated with increased risk of a variety of negative psychological and medical outcomes in both mothers and offspring. Antenatal depression often co-occurs with significant anxiety, potentially exacerbating morbidities for women and their children. However, screening during the antenatal period is frequently limited to assessment of depression so that other significant comorbid disorders may be missed. Follow-up assessment by clinicians has similarly focused primarily on detection of depressive symptoms. Anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, among others, often go undetected in perinatal care settings, even when depression is identified. Failing to recognize these comorbid diagnoses may lead to inadequate treatment or only partial alleviation of distress. Consequently, screening for and assessment of comorbid disorders is warranted. In this study, 382 pregnant women (M age = 25.8 [SD = 5.3] years, 85.0% Caucasian) receiving care at a university hospital clinic and Maternal Mental Health Care centers in eastern Iowa and who screened positive for depression on the Beck Depression Inventory completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to assess comorbid mental health symptoms and diagnoses. Overall, findings demonstrate high rates of anxiety disorders among women both with and without current major depression, although depressed women reported higher rates of generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Notably, however, incidence-specific symptoms were comparable across groups. Routine screening of both anxiety and depression during pregnancy should be conducted.
Mach 3.5 boundary-layer transition on a cone at angle of attack

Boundary-layer transition on a sharp 5-deg half-angle cone at incidence was investigated at Mach 3.5 in NASA's Supersonic Low-Disturbance Pilot Tunnel. The tests were conducted with low and high levels of freestream acoustic disturbance, and four angles of attack (alpha/theta-c = 0, 0.12, 0.4, and 0.8). Transition data, obtained with and without significantly reduced freestream acoustic disturbance levels, are compared with conventional ('noisy') wind-tunnel data. It was found that, under quiet flow conditions, there was no significant unit Reynolds number effect, whereas with noisy flow conditions, a significant unit Reynolds number effect was measured on and near the windward ray for alpha/theta-c values 0.4 and 0.8.
RNA Biology in Retinal Development and Disease

For decades, RNA has served in a supporting role between the genetic carrier (DNA) and the functional molecules (proteins). It is finally time for RNA to take center stage in all aspects of biology. The retina provides a unique opportunity to dissect the molecular underpinnings of neuronal diversity and disease. Transcriptome profiles of the retina and its resident cell types have unraveled unique features of the RNA landscape. The discovery of distinct RNA molecules and the recognition that RNA processing is a major cause of retinal neurodegeneration have prompted the design of biomarkers and novel therapeutic paradigms. We review here RNA biology as it pertains to the retina, emphasizing new avenues for investigations in development and disease.
Exploiting a Natural Hub: Turning a Stopover into a Destination:

In the mature aviation system of today, it is difficult to establish new hubs that focus solely on transfer traffic. This paper identifies a new type of hub—a natural tourism hub—one at which an ai...
Structural and Biochemical Aspects of Cold Hardiness in Woody Plants

Woody plants in temperate climates are exposed to several types of freezing stress including low-temperature extremes, ice encasement, and unseasonal episodes of frost. In response to seasonal changes in growing conditions, plants have evolved the ability to cold acclimate as well as undergo a period of dormancy. Although the primary emphasis of this book is on the molecular biology of woody plants, it is evident that plant structure and biochemical adaptations both play an important role in cold hardiness (Wisniewski and Fuller 1999). In this regard, it is important to keep in mind that cold hardiness in woody plants is a complex trait with several contributing factors. It is also a dynamic process that changes with time. That is to say, the factors that define the level of cold hardiness in mid-winter may be completely different than those that confer cold hardiness in late winter or early spring. This is further complicated by the discovery that in some woody species, different tissues (eg. bark vs. xylem and buds) within the same plant respond very differently when exposed to freezing temperatures (Sakai and Larcher 1987, Wisniewski and Arora 1993). In order to develop logical approaches to alleviating the adverse effect of freezing temperatures on woody plants, a basic understanding of the mechanisms that confer cold hardiness is essential.
Fuzzy Scenario Evaluation

The task of scenario analysis is to choose selectively some scenarios of the total scenario space, which are representative, consistent and without contradictions, stable and quite different to each other. Because the total scenario space contains often several million elements, a systematic approach is needed. In this paper a new approach is described, which uses fuzzy rule bases to evaluate the desired attributes of scenarios. The rule bases are stated in a general manner, therefore they can be used for every scenario analysis independent of the examined topic. The specific reference to the actual topic is drawn by constructing empirical membership functions out of the specific data.
Action of pro-opiomelanocortin products on the rat vas deferens

Abstract Behavioral study of pro-opiomelanocortin products indicates that β-endorphin and corticotrophin-like peptides have antagonistic effects. However, these peptides have similar actions on the rat vas deferens . β-endorphin, α-MSH and ACTH each inhibit electrically evoked contraction of the duct, but the corticotrophin derived peptides are tenfold more potent on a molar basis (ED50=9 nM). Pharmacological analysis shows that the action of corticotrophin-derived peptides does not involve an opiate receptor mechanism. The results are discussed in terms of the central action of the peptides.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in women with severe preeclampsia and placental insufficiency: a case-control study.

ObjectivePreterm delivery for preeclampsia or placental insufficiency (PREPI) is a clinical criterion for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but no prior prospective studies have used the internation...
Impact of the parasitoid Aphelinus certus on soybean aphid populations

Abstract Aphelinus certus Yasnosh (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is an accidentally introduced parasitoid of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in North America and it has become one of the most common natural enemies of soybean aphids in its adventive range. It is unclear, however, if increased prevalence of A. certus has resulted in increased biological control. We conducted an exclusion-cage experiment designed to isolate the impact of parasitoids from that of other resident natural enemies (mainly predators) of the soybean aphid. We found that A. certus greatly outnumbered all other soybean aphid parasitoids, and that it significantly reduced soybean aphid populations over a time span of less than two weeks compared to controls. Moreover, parasitoids alone resulted in aphid densities that were statistically equivalent to the combined effect of predators and parasitoids. Across all treatment cages, there was a significant negative association between parasitism rate and aphid population growth, with predicted zero aphid growth occurring at a parasitism rate of 42.2%.
Reservoir coupling electro-optic modulator on silicon (Conference Presentation)

Here we report on an electrically-driven, CMOS compatible, ring resonator coupling modulation mechanism based on tuning of free carriers in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The modulator device consists of two ITO layers separated by oxide fabricated on the coupling region of silicon ring resonator. Micro ring resonators are extensively used in in integrated photonic applications and are highly sensitive to electro-optical effects. Majority of available ring based modulators are interactivity modulation where active region changes the phase or absorption of the stored optical mode in the cavity. Such devices are essentially limited by the photon lifetime in the cavity. In contrast, coupling modulation devices can change the cross-coupling coefficient of the resonator and take advantage of the non-quasi-static modulation regime. We demonstrate an electrically-driven, CMOS compatible, ring resonator coupling modulation mechanism based on tuning of free carriers in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The modulator device consists of two ITO layers separated by oxide fabricated on the coupling region of silicon ring resonator. We are investigating modulation performance of such CMOS compatible coupling modulation devices. We have demonstrated the first reservoir coupling ITO modulator by leveraging critical coupling effects on a SOI ring resonator.
Valvuloplasty: A New Surgical Antireflux Procedure

The gastroesophageal (GE) junction maintains a pressure gradient between the esophagus and the stomach and allows the ingestion of food and liquid without gross reflux. The nature of this closing mechanism has been a matter of dispute since the eighteenth century. Several factors have been suggested to explain this “cardiac sphincter” and include the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the intraabdominal location of the GE junction, the diaphragm, the phrenoesophageal membrane, and the flap valve created by the acute angle of His (Lyons et al. 1956). The importance of a physiological flap valve mechanism has, however, been minimized despite several previous studies indicating such a mechanism (Braune 1878; von Gubaroff 1886; Barrett 1954; Collis et al. 1954).
Brainstem skew deviation as the presenting symptom of mycoplasma pneumoniae meningoencephalomyelitis (P1.304)

Objective: To describe the clinical course and neuroimaging findings of a young woman who presented with a brainstem skew deviation found to have mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae can have a range of primary infectious and para-infectious nervous system complications including encephalitis, myelitis, and demyelinating syndromes. Here we describe a case of mycoplasma pneumonia causing meningoencephalomyelitis presenting as brainstem skew, discuss the range of infectious and para-infectious neurological complications associated with mycoplasma, highlight the relevant neuroanatomy of central skew deviation, and discuss evidence for treatment with azithromycin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIG). Design/Methods: Case report and comprehensive review of the literature. Results: A 23 year old woman with a history of migraines presented with one day of headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and vertical diplopia in the context of an upper respiratory tract infection. Bedside exam revealed a hypertropia OD and skew deviation. Initial brain MRI did not reveal any clear findings. Initial lumbar puncture showed a pleocytosis (20 wbcs) with neutrophil predominance. Four days after the start of her symptoms, she developed right arm weakness. Repeat MRI brain and cervical spine showed T2 hyperintensities in the posterior pons, inferior cerebellar vermis, along the floor of the fourth ventricle, and in the cervical spine anterior horn. Repeat lumbar puncture showed evolution to a lymphocytic pleocytosis with 202 white blood cells. An extensive infectious and autoimmune workup was pursued. Mycoplasma IgM serology (enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory immunoflourescence) returned positive. She was treated with a course of azithromycin and IvIG with rapid improvement. At 3 month follow-up, she reported no continuing diplopia, was noted to have no hypertropia, and had significantly improved right arm weakness. Conclusions: Mycoplasma infection should be considered in cases of brainstem skew deviation with associated encephalitis. In these cases, administration of azithromycin and IvIG can lead to rapid clinical improvement. Disclosure: Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Urday has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Venna has nothing to disclose.
Does Short Rest with Thursday Night Games Influence Injury Rates in the NFL

Objectives:The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact rest time between games may have on injury rates as it pertains to overall incidence, injury location and player position.Methods:F...
Influence of three-dimensional features of a woven-fabric substrate on benthic algal biomass production

Abstract Algal biomass cultivation has been effectively used as a medium for remediation of nutrients from many wastewaters. Production systems such as the algal turf scrubber (ATS) that use attached filamentous algae typically show high productivity rates. The biomass productivity performance of the ATS system is influenced by various environmental and process factors, such as water velocity and turbulence, nutrient concentration, and water depth. Although numerous studies have investigated the effect of these factors on the biomass productivity, the effect of substrate complexity has remained relatively unexplored. This study investigates the effect of three dimensional substrate features on algal biomass cultivation. A three-dimensional (3D) design that uses fibers twisted in a flexible strand, attached to a two-dimensional (2D) backing was used as a growth substrate for ATS. Specifically, the role of 3D substrate features (strand spacing and base pile) and their correlating effect on algal biomass productivity were investigated under different nutrient concentrations. Findings from this study suggest that the introduction of vertical structures in three dimensional substrata to support algal attachment and colonization has a significant effect on algal biomass productivity, with productivity increasing by as much as 300% with optimum strand spacing. Also, the productivity increase of 3D substrata over 2D substrata was more pronounced under lower nutrient conditions, where a 174% increase in algal biomass yield was observed. The results suggest that vast improvements in biomass productivity are possible in ATS systems by employing 3D substrates, and optimization of substrate design for maximizing productivity is possible through refinement of topographic elements that compose the 3D structure.
Identifying Stick-Slip Characteristics of a Smart Device on a Seismically Excited Surface Using On-Board Sensors

Accelerometers in smart devices have been used to successfully detect the occurrence of seismic activity. Taking the next step of using the measured acceleration response to compute floor displacem...
REFINING THE MAXIMAL ALLOWABLE CONTRAST DOSE IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS

The Maximal Allowable Contrast Dose (MACD) is an empiric formula defined by Cigarroa et al. in 1989. MACD is equal to 5 times the weight divided by the creatinine (5 x Weight/Creatinine). Despite being used and validated in some retrospective and prospective studies, there is no study that revisited
Ecological functions of an impounded marsh and three natural estuarine marshes along Woodbridge River, NY/NJ Harbor

An impounded estuarine marsh scheduled for restoration in 2003 and three nearby unimpounded marshes (Spartina alterniflora, S. patens/Iva frutescens, and Phragmites australis) in highly urbanized NY/NJ Harbor were studied to assess the impact of impoundment on marsh structure and function and to identify trajectories of ecosystem change following removal of the levee. Aboveground biomass was greater in the Phragmites and S. alterniflora marshes (706–809 g/m2) as compared to the S. patens/I. frutescens and impounded marshes (378–588 g/m2). Macro-organic matter (0–30 cm) was similar across all marshes (7452–9212 g/m2). The S. patens/Iva frutescens marsh had the lowest aboveground biomass, but contained more plant species (2.8 species/0.25 m2) and greater species diversity (H = 1.33) than the other marshes (1.3–2.0 species/0.25 m2, H = 0.16–0.78). Rates of sediment and nutrient accumulation were lower in the impounded marsh (335 g sediment/m2/yr, 97 g C/m2/yr, 6.5 g N/m2/yr, and 0.9 g P/m2/yr) than in the reference marshes (422–1515 g sediment/m2/yr; 111–160 g C/m2/yr; 7–10 g N/m2/yr; 1.6–2.8 g P/m2/yr). Our results indicate that the impounded marsh does not contain the high species diversity of the high marsh, nor does it provide the same level of functions as naturally inundated marshes. Reintroduction of tidal inundation to the impounded marsh will enhance water quality benefits and favor development of S. alterniflora salt marsh community structure.
Pulsed radiation therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma

BACKGROUND Pulsed radiation therapy (PRT) has shown effective tumor control and superior normal-tissue sparing ability compared with standard radiotherapy (SRT) in preclinical models and retrospective clinical series. This is the first prospective trial to investigate PRT in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS This is a single-arm, prospective study. Patients with newly diagnosed GBM underwent surgery, followed by 60 Gy of PRT with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ). Each day, a 2-Gy fraction was divided into ten 0.2-Gy pulses, separated by 3-minute intervals. Patients received maintenance TMZ. Neurocognitive function (NCF) and quality of life (QoL) were monitored for 2 years using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‒Revised and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 QoL questionnaire. Change in NCF was evaluated based on a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold of 0.5 standard deviation. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 21 months. Median age was 60 years. Forty percent underwent subtotal resection, and 60% underwent gross total resection. One patient had an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated tumor. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10.7 and 20.9 months, respectively. In a post-hoc comparison, median OS for the prospective cohort was longer, compared with a matched cohort receiving SRT (20.9 vs 14 mo, P = 0.042). There was no decline in QoL, and changes in NCF scores did not meet the threshold of an MCID. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM with PRT is feasible and produces promising effectiveness while maintaining neurocognitive function and QoL. Validation of our results in a larger prospective trial warrants consideration.
Glove-based sensors for multimodal monitoring of natural sweat

Sweat sensors targeting exercise or chemically induced sweat have shown promise for noninvasive health monitoring. Natural thermoregulatory sweat is an attractive alternative as it can be accessed during routine and sedentary activity without impeding user lifestyles and potentially preserves correlations between sweat and blood biomarkers. We present simple glove-based sensors to accumulate natural sweat with minimal evaporation, capitalizing on high sweat gland densities to collect hundreds of microliters in just 30 min without active sweat stimulation. Sensing electrodes are patterned on nitrile gloves and finger cots for in situ detection of diverse biomarkers, including electrolytes and xenobiotics, and multiple gloves or cots are worn in sequence to track overarching analyte dynamics. Direct integration of sensors into gloves represents a simple and low-overhead scheme for natural sweat analysis, enabling sweat-based physiological monitoring to become practical and routine without requiring highly complex or miniaturized components for analyte collection and signal transduction.
Some Comments on Correlation Under Pathological Conditions and some Remarks About Simple Linear Regression

It is well known that the correlation between random variables X and Y is defined only when the variances are finite, and obviously the covariance is also finite by Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Thus under the finiteness of the variances, the correlation is defined as $$\rho =\frac{Cov(X,Y)}{\sigma _X \sigma _Y}$$ . In this note we examine whether or not the correlation $$\rho $$ has any meaning if the underlying condition(s) of finiteness is(are) violated. For example, if the covariance is finite, but one or both variances are infinite (at least via some limits), then it still makes sense to speak of zero correlation. Various possibilities and the resulting consequences are outlined. An elementary approach to a simple linear regression is also given.
Mitigation of the Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy Learning Curve through comprehensive training.

Abstract Background There is an associated lag in achieving competency for robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), resulting in a learning curve. We hypothesize that the reported learning curve can be mitigated through a comprehensive graduated training protocol. Methods All patients (n = 237) who underwent an open (n = 197, 83.1%) or robotic (n = 40, 16.9%) PD between 2015-2019 were identified at The Ohio State University. The learning curve for operative time and surgical failure (defined as conversion to open, blood transfusion, or Clavien-Dindo complication grade ≥3) was analyzed using a risk adjusted cumulative summation technique. Results After 10 cases, operative time plateaued to a mean of 468.3 ± 96.3 minutes for robotic PD versus a mean of 332.5 ± 103.9 minutes for open PD (P 0.05). Conclusion Completion of a comprehensive procedure-specific robotic training protocol for PD mitigated the learning curve for this operative approach by shifting the curve into the training/simulation phase rather than the live operating phase. These data hold important implications for the future training and accreditation of surgeons embarking on robotic PD.
Cuba's Citizenship Education Model and Its Current Challenges.

Citizenship formation is the bedrock of Cuba’s national public education system. Built on ideals of active civic participation, formal citizenship education aims to prepare children and young peopl...
Single Institution Experience of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Comparison of Two Dose Regimes and a Perspective on Ideal Dose Regimens.

Introduction Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are either medically inoperable or who decline surgery. SBRT improves tumor control and overall survival (OS) in medically inoperable, early-stage, NSCLC patients. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of two different SBRT doses commonly used and present our institutional experience. Purpose To determine the clinical outcomes between two treatment regiments (50 Gray [Gy] vs. 55 Gy in five fractions) among Stage I NSCLC patients treated with SBRT at a state academic medical center. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 114 patients with Stage I (T1-2 N0 M0) NSCLC treated at a state academic medical center between October 2009 and April 2019. Survival analyses with treatment regimens of 50 Gy and 55 Gy in five fractions were conducted to detect any improvement in outcomes associated with the higher dose. The primary endpoints of this study included OS, local control (LC), and disease-free survival (DFS). Log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze the survival curves of the two treatment doses. The SPSS v.24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Results The 114 early-stage NSCLC patients (median age, 68 years; range 12 to 87 years) had a median follow-up of 25 months (range two to 86 months). The number of males (n = 72; 63.2 %) exceeded the number of females (n = 42; 36.8 %). The majority of patients in this study were Caucasians (n = 68; 59.6 %) and 46 patients were African Americans (40.4 %). Two-thirds of the patients (n = 76; 66.7 %) were treated with 50 Gy in five fractions, and 38 patients (33.3 %) with 55 Gy in five fractions. The one-, two-, and three-year OS and DFS rates were improved in the patients treated with 55 Gy [OS, 81.7 % vs. 72.8 %; 81.7 % vs. 58.9 %; 81.7 % vs. 46.7 % (p = 0.049)], [DFS, 69.7 % vs. 69.7 %; 61.9 % vs. 55.7 %; 61.9 % vs. 52.0 % (p = 0.842)], compared to those treated with 50 Gy. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology in both groups (51.3 % and 68.4 %). Failure rates were elevated for the 50 Gy regimen [39 (34.2 %) vs. 12 (8.5 %)]. Three year control rates were (66.3 % vs. 96.6 %; p = 0.002) local control; (63.3 % vs. 94.4 %; p = 0.000) regional control; and (65.7 % vs. 97.1 %; p = 0.000) distant control, compared to those treated with 55 Gy. Conclusion Early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT 55 Gy in five fractions did better in terms of local control, overall survival, and disease-free survival rates compared to the 50 Gy in five fractions group.
The Limits of Neutrality: Toward a Weakly Substantive Account of Autonomy

Leading accounts of personal autonomy are content-neutral: they insist that there are no a priori constraints on the content of the desires or values that might motivate an autonomous action. In Gerald Dworkin's provocative words, ‘the autonomous person can be a tyrant or a slave, a saint or sinner, a rugged individualist or champion of fraternity, a leader or follower.’ ‘There is nothing in the idea of autonomy that precludes a person from saying, “I want to be the kind of person who acts at the command of others. I define myself as a slave and endorse those attitudes and preferences. My autonomy consists in being a slave.” ’ John Christman similarly claims that ‘any desire, no matter how evil, self-sacrificing, or slavish it might be’ could be autonomously formed. The same seems to apply to Harry Frankfurt's view, that actions are autonomous if they stem from second-order volitions that reflect what the agent cares about; it puts no constraints on the content of what a person might care about. All of these accounts hold that the mere content of a desire or value is never sufficient to rule out that it might be autonomously acted on by someone.
Multilevel image thresholding based on histograms' peaks clustering

This paper presents an algorithm for finding thresholds by clustering data formed thru detection in different size image parts histogram peaks.
Confounding Effects in Tests: A Case Study

Getting proper samples is often simply not possible. Particularly when making two-sample comparisons, one frequently discovers that the two samples differ in more ways than one expects. In this case study, we consider how such confounding factors influence the outcome of statistical tests and show how, with a little luck and the right questions, we can avoid the worst mistakes.
The Role of Obstetrics/Gynecology Hospitalists in Reducing Maternal Mortality

The United States experienced a 6.1% annual increase in the maternal death rate from 2000 to 2013. Maternal deaths from hemorrhage and complications of preeclampsia are significant contributors to the maternal death rate. Many of these deaths are preventable. By virtue of their continuous care of laboring patients, active involvement in hospital safety initiatives, and immediate availability, obstetric hospitalists are uniquely positioned to evaluate patients, initiate care, and coordinate a multidisciplinary effort. In cases of significant maternal hemorrhage, hypertensive crisis, and acute pulmonary edema, the availability of an obstetrics hospitalist may facilitate improved patient safety and fewer maternal deaths.
AM Herculis: An Outburst at 4.9 Ghz

We report the results of radio observations of AM Her with the Very Large Array (VLA). The quiescent emission first discovered by Chanmugam and Dulk (1982) at 4.9 GHz is confirmed and upper limits to the flux density at 1.5 GHz and 15 GHz obtained. We also report the discovery of a remarkable outburst at 4.9 GHz which was essentially 100% circularly polarized. The outburst is probably due to an electron-cyclotron maser which operates near the red-dwarf companion in a region where the magnetic field is 1000 gauss.
Reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase with xanthine. Observation of a spectral intermediate attributable to the molybdenum center in the reaction of enzyme with xanthine.

Abstract The reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase with substoichiometric concentrations of xanthine and 1-methylxanthine at pH 10 and 8.5 has been examined by UV-visible stopped-flow and rapid-quench electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) kinetic experiments. A spectral intermediate is observed in stopped-flow experiments with xanthine which exhibits a difference absorbance maximum relative to oxidized enzyme at 480 nm and which decays at the same rate as the decay of the "very rapid" MoV EPR signal observed by freeze-quench EPR experiments both at 5 and 20 degrees C. The intermediate is observed in experiments using enzyme that has had its flavin removed, and most likely arises from the molybdenum center. With 40 microM xanthine oxidase and 10 microM xanthine, rate constants for the appearance and decay of this intermediate at pH 10 are 11 and 1.1 s-1, respectively; at pH 8.5 the corresponding values are 20 and 2.5 s-1. Based on the correlation of the stopped-flow kinetics with the appearance and decay of the MoV EPR signal designated very rapid as monitored in freeze-quench experiments, it is concluded that the spectral intermediate corresponds to the species exhibiting the very rapid EPR signal, the MoIV species that gives rise to it, or a combination of the two. None of the MoV EPR signals designated "rapid" is observed under single turnover conditions with either xanthine or 1-methylxanthine as substrate at pH 8.5, by contrast with the substantial amounts observed in both cases under conditions of excess substrate. These results call into question the prevailing view that the species giving rise to the rapid EPR signal lies downstream in the catalytic cycle from that exhibiting the very rapid signal.
Theory-Building Case Studies as Practice-Based Evidence

In addition to its potential for healing, psychotherapy offers an extraordinaryopportunity to observe human experience and behaviour. Practitioners haveexpertise in and daily access to precisely the sorts of phenomena that theories ofcounselling and psychotherapy seek to explain. These include aspects of peoplethat others seldom or never see. Practitioners may gain new and useful un-derstandings about human feeling, thinking, communication and relationshipsthat could, if shared, improve theory and practice. This chapter, which is anedited and expanded version of an article published previously (Stiles, 2007),describes one way that practitioners’ clinical experience can be converted intopractice-based evidence. I call it
Using the Law to Support Work/Life Issues:the Australian Experience

20 Introduction 20 I. Background 21 A. Statistical Profile 22 B. Legislative framework 27 II. Prohibition Against Discrimination on the Grounds of Caring Responsibilities in New South Wales 29 A. Objectives of the Legislation 29 B. Schema of the Legislation 33 III. Carers’ Responsibilities in Practice: Recent Australian Legal Cases on Flexible Work Practices 38 A. Decided Cases 39 1. Working Part-time/Job-share 39 2. Working from Home 45 a. Decision at first instance in VCAT 46 b. On appeal to the Supreme Court 48 c. Rehearing in VCAT 50 3. Long hours/Varying work hours 52 4. Access to Leave Provisions 58 5. Defining the limits of Workplace Flexibility 61 B. Complaints and Conciliated Cases 65 Conclusion 67 ∗ Address at The Business and Professional Women’s Foundation and the Community, Families & Work Program of Brandeis University’s Women’s Studies Research Center Conference entitled From 9-to-5 to 24/7: How Workplace Changes Impact Families, Work and Communities (Feb. 28-March 1, 2003). ∗∗ BA, LLB, LLM (Hons), Co-Director, WORK+LIFE Strategies, Solicitor, and part-time Chairperson, Government and Related Employees Appeals Tribunal. BOURKE.DOC 4/23/2004 12:17 PM 20 JOURNAL OF GENDER, SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW [Vol. 12:1
Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA

Progressive rock-fall failures in natural rock slopes are common in many environments, but often elude detailed quantitative documentation and analysis. Here we present high-resolution photography, video, and laser scanning data that document spatial and temporal patterns of a 15-month-long sequence of at least 14 rock falls from the Rhombus Wall, a sheeted granitic cliff in Yosemite Valley, California. The rock-fall sequence began on 26 August 2009 with a small failure at the tip of an overhanging rock slab. Several hours later, a series of five rock falls totaling 736 m3 progressed upward along a sheeting joint behind the overhanging slab. Over the next 3 weeks, audible cracking occurred on the Rhombus Wall, suggesting crack propagation, while visual monitoring revealed opening of a sheeting joint adjacent to the previous failure surface. On 14 September 2009 a 110 m3 slab detached along this sheeting joint. Additional rock falls between 30 August and 20 November 2010, totaling 187 m3, radiated outward from the initial failure area along cliff (sub)parallel sheeting joints. We suggest that these progressive failures might have been related to stress redistributions accompanying propagation of sheeting joints behind the cliff face. Mechanical analyses indicate that tensile stresses should occur perpendicular to the cliff face and open sheeting joints, and that sheeting joints should propagate parallel to a cliff face from areas of stress concentrations. The analyses also account for how sheeting joints can propagate to lengths many times greater than their depths behind cliff faces. We posit that as a region of failure spreads across a cliff face, stress concentrations along its margin will spread with it, promoting further crack propagation and rock falls. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Use of MDCT to Differentiate Autoimmune Pancreatitis From Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Interstitial Pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to identify the most common imaging features of autoimmune pancreatitis and to evaluate the utility of MDCT for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from two more frequently encountered differential diagnoses—pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acute interstitial pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Dual-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT images of 91 patients (39 with autoimmune pancreatitis, 25 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 27 with acute interstitial pancreatitis) were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus for distribution of pancreatic abnormality, sausage shape, low-attenuation halo, pancreatic duct dilatation, peripancreatic stranding, lymphadenopathy, biliary abnormality, vascular involvement, and renal lesions. Chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression analysis, and ROC analysis were performed. RESULTS. The most common imaging features of autoimmune pancreatitis were sausage shape (25/39 [64%]) and low-attenuation halo (23/39 [59%]). Pancr...
Automated code generation from graphical, reusable templates

GE has been developing a tool that allows the user to draw signal block diagrams describing control law processing, and then automate the generation of code for various target languages. To improve coverage of the tool, a graphical method useful for capturing the program structure and control aspects was desired, and is addressed by flowcharts. Within the flowchart structure, subroutine and macro calls can be made, as well as simple assignment statements. These allow designing the executive and logical structure of the program using a graphical technique. Truth tables are also often supplied by the customer as part of the requirements documentation and can be used to generate code. A symbol is available within the flowchart to read a truth table from the existing documentation and generate code from the defined logic. With the development of the tool software productivity has been steadily increasing. >
Thin film order of symmetric diblock copolymers

The ordering in thin films of symmetric diblock copolymers of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) has been investigated by neutron reflectivity as a function of film thickness and temperature. The order-disorder transition in the thin films was found to lose its first order character in that the transition occurs in a continuous manner without the correlation length becoming infinite. In addition, a transition from a partially to fully ordered state was observed which was fully reversible. This transition depended in a power law manner on the film thickness and extrapolates to the bulk order-disorder transition temperature for thick films.
Effects of perceptual quality on hemispheric asymmetries in visible persistence

Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects of input stimuli’s perceptual characteristics on visual hemifield asymmetries. The task used involved the temporal integration of form: a stimulus was flashed in two incomplete but complementary flashes, which then had to be integrated over time into the complete stimulus. In this task, successful performance depends on the visible persistence of the first flash. In Experiment 1, an increase in size improved left-visual-field-right-hemisphere (LVF-RH) performance relative to right-visual-field-left-hemisphere (RVF-LH) performance when the interflash interval (IFI) was 60 msec. When the IFI was increased to 100 msec, a change in size had no effect. In Experiment 2, eccentricity of input was manipulated at an LFI of 80 msec, and a decrease in eccentricity was found to selectively benefit LVFRH performance. These results are interpreted in terms of Sergent’s (1983) visual-spatial-frequency-based model of hemispheric lateralization.
Formation of sodium carbonate during the reaction of coal with a solution of sodium hydroxide in ethanol

Abstract Substantial amounts of sodium carbonate were formed during the reaction of a Wyoming subbituminous coal with a concentrated solution of NaOH in ethanol. Up to 8% of the feed carbon was converted to Na2CO3 in a temperature range 215–300 °C.
Using Liquid Crystals to Amplify Protein−Receptor Interactions: Design of Surfaces with Nanometer-Scale Topography that Present Histidine-Tagged Protein Receptors†

This paper reports a strategy for the oriented immobilization of protein receptors on gold films possessing nanometer-scale topographies and the detection of protein binding events to these receptors by using liquid crystals. The approach revolves around the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-terminated alkanethiols, 1, and tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiols, 2. The SAMs are formed on ultrathin gold films that are deposited from a vapor onto silica substrates oriented at an oblique angle of incidence. Single-component SAMs formed from 2 on these gold films resist nonspecific protein adsorption (using cell lysates) and promote uniform planar anchoring of the nematic liquid crystal, 4-cyano-4‘-pentylbiphenyl (5CB). Surprisingly, the azimuthal orientation of nematic 5CB is parallel to the direction of maximum roughness within the gold film when using SAMs formed from 2 but perpendicular to the direction of maximum roughness when tetra(ethylene glycol)-te...
Park Use Among Youth and Adults Examination of Individual, Social, and Urban Form Factors

This article examines park use in relation to neighborhood social (safety and poverty) and urban form (pedestrian infrastructure and street network pattern) characteristics among youth and adult su...
Long-Term Breastfeeding: Nourishment or Nurturance?:

Mothers frequently describe the primary benefit of breastfeeding beyond a year as providing comfort rather than nourishment. Little is known about the effect of extended breastfeeding on the growth or nutritional status of children in the United States. Data collected on 38 long-term breastfeeding children (12 to 43 months old) included growth measurements, breastfeeding patterns, and dietary intake obtained through diaries and dietary recalls. Although the children's weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, and weight-for-length/height Zscores clustered belowzero, they fell within two standard deviations of the median, suggesting normal growth. The daily time and frequency of breastfeeding were not different between the 1-year-old and 2-year-old age groups but were significantly lower in the 3-year-old age group. In an analysis of non–breast milk diets, the childrenwould need an average intake of 100 to 460mL of breast milk per day to meet the RDA for energy intake and nutrients that were lower in their di...
Kinetics of PdO combustion catalysis

Abstract The kinetics of the catalytic combustion of methane by supported palladium oxide catalysts (2 wt.-% Pd/La2O3·11A12O3 and 5 wt.-%Pd/ γ-A1203 were examined for several oxygen partial pressure levels over the temperature range from 40–900°C using temperature-programmed reaction and slow ramp and hold temperature-time transient techniques. Combustion rates were measured by differential reaction in a fixed bed of powdered catalyst at lower temperatures (200–500°C). Also, by preparing the catalysts as thin (ca. 10 μm) coatings on an alumina tube and conducting the experiments with very high flows of dilute methane and oxygen in helium, the rate measurements were extended up to 900°C without significant contribution from gas phase reactions. The specific combustion activity of supported PdO shows a persistent hysteresis between 450 and 750°C, i.e., the rate of combustion between these temperature limits depends strongly on whether the catalyst is cooling from above 750°C or heating from below 450°C. This region is also notable for negative apparent activation energy in the rate of methane oxidation, i.e., the rate increases with decreasing temperature during reoxidation of the Pd metal and decreases with increasing temperature (especially with low oxygen partial pressure) prior to decomposition of the bulk oxide. Detailed time-temperature transient kinetic analyses were performed for supported PdO catalysts within the 450–750°C temperature range. The hysteresis in methane combustion rate is caused by a higher activation energy for reduction of oxygen chemisorbed on metallic Pd and by suppressed reoxidation of Pd metal relative to PdO decomposition.
The effect of obesity and lower serum prostate‐specific antigen levels on prostate‐cancer screening results in American men

OBJECTIVE To determine if lower serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in obese American men affect prostate-cancer screening results, as an increased body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with PSA level, but the effect of this association on PSA screening results for prostate cancer is unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analysed the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2001–2002, 2003–2004, and 2005–2006), a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of non-institutionalized adults aged ≥20 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of an ‘abnormal’ PSA level (4.0 or 2.5 ng/mL) based on BMI categories of normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9) and obese (30–39.9) in men who were eligible for prostate-cancer screening with serum total PSA tests (age 40–75 years, BMI 18.5–39.9 kg/m2, PSA <20 ng/mL). RESULTS In all, 3152 participants with no known prostate cancer, representing 46 million American men, were eligible for prostate-cancer screening. After controlling for age and race, there was a statistically significant trend of a lower likelihood of having a serum total PSA level of ≥4.0 ng/mL with increased BMI. When men were stratified by race, this effect was apparent only in white non-Hispanic men, with obese men in this group having a 46% lower likelihood of having an ‘abnormal’ PSA level (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.91; P = 0.024) than those with a normal BMI. There was no observable trend in either African-American or Hispanic men. In addition, there was no observable trend with a serum total PSA threshold of 2.5 ng/mL, regardless of race. CONCLUSIONS Obese white non-Hispanic men are about half as likely as those with a normal BMI to have a PSA level of ≥4.0 ng/mL. These results might affect prostate-cancer screening with serum total PSA. Further studies are needed to better define the association of BMI and PSA in racial minority subgroups.
Aerothermodynamic heating due to shock wave/laminar boundary-layer interactions in high-enthalpy hypersonic flow

The interaction between a swept shock wave and a laminar boundary layer was investigated experimentally in high-enthalpy hypersonic flow. The effect of high-temperature, real gas physics on the interaction was examined by conducting tests in air and helium. Heat transfer measurements were made on the surface of a flat plate and a shock-generating fin using thin-film resistance sensors for fin incidence angles of 0, 5, and 10 deg at Mach numbers of 6.9 in air and 7.2 in helium. The experiments were conducted in the NASA HYPULSE expansion tube, an impulse-type facility capable of generating high-enthalpy, high-velocity flow with freestream levels of dissociated species that are particularly low. The measurements indicate that the swept shock wave creates high local heat transfer levels in the interaction region, with the highest heating found in the strongest interaction. The maximum measured heating rates in the interaction are order of magnitude greater than laminar flat plate boundary layer heating levels at the same location.
It hurts most around the heart: a phenomenological exploration of women’s anger

Women’s anger experience has been poorly understood and insufficiently researched. Yet the emotion of anger is vitally important to women’s physical and mental health, and to the quality of their relationships. This phenomenological study was undertaken as an expansion and extension of the Women’s Anger Study, the first large survey of the genesis, manifestations and correlates of anger in American women. Although the earlier study contributed to understanding of anger, a deeper examination of the context and meanings of anger experience was sought. Twenty-nine Caucasian women ranging in age from 21 to 66 years were interviewed. Illustrative occupations ranged from homemaker, student, waitress to business executive, professor, and human service professional. Analysis involved thematizing by the researchers independently and within a multidisciplinary phenomenological research group. The thematic structure of women’s anger involved a building over time of a confusing mixture of feelings (hurt, frustration, disillusionment) precipitated by a violation of the core values of the self. The precipitant of anger was unfair and/or disrespectful treatment or lack of reciprocity in relationships. When the anger was confined within self, the woman felt helpless and powerless. However, powerlessness was also evident when anger was externalized in an outburst. To the study participants, an angry outburst meant a loss of control rather than ability to achieve control. Women reported a sense of power when using anger to restore justice, respect, and relationship reciprocity. Clinicians can assist women to reflect on their core values and use the power of their anger effectively. Further studies are in progress to examine the relevance of these findings for women of other races and cultural contexts.