cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vergil’s use of saevus (vs. Homer’S ΔΕΙΝOΣ) to depict Juno

Vergil’s depiction of Juno as saeva does not correspond to Homer’s depiction of Hera, but rather to a combination of Homer’s Hera and Pallas. Vergil’s Juno, moreover, is far less subservient to Jupiter (who is not really as active in the Aeneid as Zeus is in the Iliad). While Homer frequently pairs Hera with Pallas Athena, Vergil’s Juno acts independently, while assuming in particular many of the traits of Homer’s Pallas Athena.
Analysis of Muscular Fatigue and Foot Discomfort While Wearing Different Types of Men’s Formal Shoes

The basic intention of this study was to find the discomfort of wearing formal shoes of regular working professionals like engineers who must look formal always. The independent variables are shoes heel height and shoes weight. The dependent variables are EMG signal of lower limb muscle actives and user discomfort questionnaire. This study considered 07 male participants of age group 20–30 in Lamar University campus and its neighborhood. Primarily, this study focused on the two lower limb muscles’ (Tibialis anterior and medial head of the gastrocnemius) activities to find the muscle stress of the participants. For both lower limb muscles, the two-way ANOVA analysis revealed a significant main effect of shoes weight. However, there was no significant main effect of shoes heel height on both muscle activities. The user discomfort survey indicates that low heel low weight shoe caused less fatigue and provided more comfort than the other types of shoes.
Ibuprofen-induced aseptic meningitis in rheumatoid arthritis.

ObjectiveTo report a case of aseptic meningitis related to ibuprofen ingestion.Case SummaryWe discuss the case of a 56-year-old white man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension who became confused, nauseated, and began to vomit within 2 hours of the ingestion of ibuprofen. A diagnosis of ibuprofen-induced aseptic meningitis was made based on the patient's physical and laboratory findings, the quick onset and resolution of symptoms, and his medical history.DiscussionIbuprofen-induced aseptic meningitis has been most frequently reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, there have been reports of this reaction in patients with other underlying disease states. Various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have been reported to cause this reaction, but ibuprofen is the most common offending agent. A drug-related cause should be considered in any patient who presents with typical meningitis symptoms, such as fever, headache, and stiff neck, that occur within hours of ingest...
INTERLEUKINS | IL-4

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is the prototypic immunoregulatory cytokine responsible for initiating allergic responses. IL-4 is a small (15–19 kDa) single-chain glycoprotein that is a member of the four α-helix bundle family of cytokines. It is produced chiefly by activated TH2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and basophils. IL-4 is uniquely required to polarize uncommitted T cells to a type 2 phenotype, characterized by secretion of IL-4 itself, plus IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13. IL-4 also induces B cells to switch their immunoglobulin production to IgE secretion. Through a broad range of actions on many other hematopoietic and parenchymal cell types, IL-4 drives immune responses towards antibody production, reduced proinflammatory cytokine elaboration, and tissue repair. All these same actions, however, could also be detrimental to the host in some circumstances, by antagonizing interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-driven TH1 responses or by synergizing with IL-13 to foster tissue fibrosis. IL-4 is a ligand for the IL-4Rα chain, which can form two distinct signaling complexes, by pairing either with the gamma common chain shared with specific receptors for other four α-helix bundle family cytokines, or with IL-13Rα1, which also binds IL-13. Polymorphisms of IL-4 or of the IL-4Rα chain have been associated with increased severity of asthma.
Aging of the Mammalian Circadian System

Numerous studies have demonstrated that as animals reach advanced age for the species, there are pronounced changes in the expression of diverse circadian rhythms. Many of the observed changes may reflect an overall deterioration of the health of the organism. On the other hand, changes in the circadian system may not simply reflect such deterioration, but may represent one of the underlying causes for the negative health effects associated with advanced age. Most studies of the effects of advanced age on the circadian system have been carried out on rodents and humans. Since Chapter 22 of this volume reviews the literature on the effects of aging on the human circadian system, this chapter will focus primarily on studies of rodents, particularly the best-studied animals in this regard: laboratory rats, mice, and golden (Syrian) hamsters. After first describing the multitude of changes that have been observed in the aging circadian system of rodents, this review will [1] examine the underlying physiologic mechanisms that lead to these changes, [2] provide an overview of attempts to attenuate or reverse age-related effects on circadian rhythmicity, and [3] speculate on the functional significance of such changes.
A seat at the table: Exploring the experiences of underrepresented minority women in STEM graduate programs

Underrepresented minority (URM) women completing STEM degrees are lacking representation in both undergraduate and graduate programs as well as in STEM professions. The exclusion of this group from...
The effect of cannabis laws on opioid use.

Abstract Background Many Americans rely on opioids at varying dosages to help ameliorate their suffering. However, empirical evidence is mounting that opioids are ineffective at controlling non-cancer related chronic pain, and many argue the strategies meant to relieve patient suffering are contributing to the growing opioid epidemic. Concurrently, several states now allow the use of medical cannabis to treat a variety of medical conditions, including chronic pain. Needing more exploration is the impact of cannabis laws on general opioid reliance and whether chronic pain sufferers are opting to use cannabis medicinally instead of opioids. Methods This study investigates the effect of Medical Marijuana Laws (MML)s on opioid use and misuse controlling for a number of relevant factors using data from several years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and multivariate logistic regression and longitudinal analysis strategies. Results Results provide evidence that MMLs may be effective at reducing opioid reliance as survey respondents living in states with medical cannabis legislation are much less apt to report using opioid analgesics than people living in states without such laws, net other factors. Results further indicate that the presence of medicinal cannabis legislation appears to have no influence over opioid misuse. Conclusion MMLs may ultimately serve to attenuate the consequences of opioid overreliance.
The role of syringe exchange programs and sexual identity in awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for male persons who inject drugs.

Abstract Background Male persons who inject drugs (male PWID) are at heightened risk for HIV, particularly if they also have sex with men. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could aid in HIV prevention for this population, but PrEP awareness within different sexual identities among male PWID is not well-understood. We report factors associated with greater awareness among male PWID to identify efficient means of awareness dissemination. Methods Data from the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system cycle on injection drug use collected in New York City (NYC) were used. Bivariable analyses, using chi-squared statistics, were conducted to examine correlates of awareness of PrEP with socio-demographic, behavioral, and health care variables. Log-linked Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and determine differences in awareness of PrEP. Results Among a sample of 332 male PWID (i.e., PWID who identified as male, not transgender) we find awareness of PrEP to be low (23%) among male PWID despite 68% reporting condomless vaginal/anal sex and 32% reporting injection equipment sharing in the last twelve months. Multivariable analysis found greater PrEP awareness associated with gay or bisexual identity (aPR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.81–4.24) and having a conversation about HIV prevention at a syringe exchange program (SEP) (aPR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.87–3.94) to be associated with increased PrEP awareness. Conclusion We found low rates of PrEP awareness among male PWID. However, our findings provide insight into information diffusion that can be utilized to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID and among all PWID. We suggest that gay and bisexual social networks and syringe exchange programs are diffusing PrEP awareness among male PWID and can be harnessed to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID.
Characteristics of telehealth users in NYC for COVID-related care during the coronavirus pandemic.

Objective To explore whether racial/ethnic differences in telehealth use existed during the peak pandemic period among NYC patients seeking care for COVID-19 related symptoms. Materials and methods This study used data from a large health system in NYC - the epicenter of the US crisis - to describe characteristics of patients seeking COVID-related care via telehealth, ER, or office encounters during the peak pandemic period. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the relationship between patient characteristics and the odds of having a first encounter via telehealth versus ER or office visit, and then used regression parameter estimates to predict patients' probabilities of using different encounter types given their characteristics. Results Demographic factors, including race/ethnicity and age, were significantly predictive of telehealth use. As compared to Whites, Blacks had higher adjusted odds of using both the ER versus telehealth (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 4.0-4.6) and office visits versus telehealth (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5). For Hispanics versus Whites, the analogous ORs were 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3). Compared to any age groups, patients 65+ had significantly higher odds of using either ER or office visits versus telehealth. Conclusions The response to COVID-19 has involved an unprecedented expansion in telehealth. While older Americans and minority populations among others are known to be disadvantaged by the digital divide, few studies have examined disparities in telehealth specifically, and none during COVID-19. Additional research into sociodemographic heterogeneity in telehealth use is needed to prevent potentially further exacerbating health disparities overall.
V-NeuroStack: 3D Time Stacks for Identifying Patterns in Calcium Imaging Data

Background: Understanding functional correlations between the activities of neuron populations is vital for the analysis of neuronal networks. Analyzing large-scale neuroimaging data obtained from hundreds of neurons simultaneously poses significant visualization challenges. We developed V-NeuroStack, a novel network visualization tool to visualize data obtained using calcium imaging of spontaneous activity of cortical neurons in a mouse brain slice. New Method: V-NeuroStack creates 3D time stacks by stacking 2D time frames for a period of 600 seconds. It provides a web interface that enables exploration and analysis of data using a combination of 3D and 2D visualization techniques. Comparison with existing Methods: Previous attempts to analyze such data have been limited by the tools available to visualize large numbers of correlated activity traces. V-NeuroStack can scale data sets with at least a few thousand temporal snapshots. Results: The V-NeuroStack 3D view is used to explore patterns in the dynamic large-scale correlations between neurons over time. The 2D view is used to examine any timestep of interest in greater detail. Furthermore, a dual-line graph provides the ability to explore the raw and first-derivative values of a single neuron or a functional cluster of neurons. Conclusions: V-NeuroStack enables easy exploration and analysis of large spatio-temporal datasets using two visualization paradigms: (a) Space-Time cube (b)Two-dimensional networks, via web interface. It will support future advancements in in vitro and in vivo data capturing techniques and can bring forth novel hypotheses by permitting unambiguous visualization of large-scale patterns in the neuronal activity data.
GenBank’s reliability is uncertain for biodiversity researchers seeking species-level assignment for eDNA

Leray et al. (1) reassuringly conclude that “GenBank is a reliable resource for 21st century biodiversity research” based on an important quantitative assessment of its taxonomic accuracy. However, their insightful analysis focuses only on taxonomic levels above species. GenBank (2) is the key reference database for the growing fields of eDNA and metabarcoding, in which studies frequently report species-level sequence identities (e.g., refs. 3⇓–5). Thus, the reliability of GenBank for species identification should be evaluated before drawing sweeping conclusions about its robustness for biodiversity research. To assess possible sources of error for species assignment, we created an example dataset comprising all mitochondrial COI sequences available on GenBank for 25 marine species in California’s commercial fisheries and 18 common mid-Atlantic fishery species. Applying filtering criteria used by Leray et al. (1), we restricted sequence length to 100 to 2,000 base … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: locatelli{at}psu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
MEMS-based Angular and Spatial Light Modulation for Lidar and AR Displays

High-speed, monolithic and MEMS-based lidar and a large pixel count micro display device for AR display optics leverages a Digital Micromirror Device with a pulsed illumination that simultaneous modulates light in space and angular domain.
Murine cadherin-6 mediates thrombosis in vivo in a platelet-independent manner.

Background Platelet adhesion is the critical process mediating stable thrombus formation. Previous reports of cadherin-6 on human platelets have demonstrated its role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Objectives We aimed to further characterize the importance of cadherin-6 in thrombosis in vivo. Methods Cadherin-6 platelet expression was evaluated by western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation. Thrombosis was evaluated using the FeCl3 and Rose Bengal carotid artery models in C57Bl6 mice treated with anti-cadherin-6 or IgG and wild-type or Cdh6-/- mice. Platelet function was compared in wild-type and Cdh6-/- mice using tail-clip assays, aggregometry, and flow cytometry. Results Human platelet expression of cadherin-6 was confirmed at ~3000 copies per platelet. Cdh6-/- mice or those treated with anti-cadherin-6 antibody showed an increased time to occlusion in both thrombosis models. Cadherin-6 was not expressed on mouse platelets, and there were no differences in tail bleeding times, platelet aggregation, or platelet activation in wild-type versus Cdh6-/- mice. Conclusions Cadherin-6 plays an essential role in thrombosis in vivo. However, cadherin-6 is not expressed on murine platelets. These data are in contrast to human platelets, which express a functional cadherin-6/catenin complex. The essential, platelet-independent role for cadherin-6 in hemostasis may allow it to be an effective and safe therapeutic target.
Squat-to-stand provocation of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Background Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is an important determinant of the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). With a nationwide shortage of amyl nitrite in 2019, we implemented a 'repetitive squat-to-stand' manoeuvre to provoke LVOT obstruction during echocardiography. Case summary A 64-year-old female was referred with symptomatic HCM refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Transthoracic echocardiography showed minor LVOT obstruction with conventional imaging at rest and during Valsalva manoeuvre, but severe obstruction was confirmed with the repetitive squat-to-stand manoeuvre. Alcohol septal ablation via the first septal perforator was performed with subsequent resolution of symptoms. Discussion Due to the dynamic nature of LVOT obstruction, a series of provocative manoeuvres including Valsalva manoeuvre, inhalation of amyl nitrite, and exercise are often necessary to maximally augment ventricular obstruction. The recent unavailability of amyl nitrite during a nationwide shortage prompted the implementation of a protocol of repetitive squat-to-stand manoeuvre in our echocardiography laboratory. Rising from the squatting position decreases preload and afterload, both of which augment dynamic LVOT obstruction. Repetition of squatting and standing appears to enhance the sensitivity of the manoeuvre, particularly when exertional symptoms are reproduced. In this case, repetitive squat-to-stand manoeuvre led to the identification of severe LVOT obstruction which may not have been diagnosed otherwise, alteration of treatment to septal reduction therapy, and subsequent resolution of symptoms.
Examining heterogeneity among Latino dual language learners' school readiness profiles of English and Spanish at the end of Head Start

Abstract Emerging research shows there is substantial heterogeneity in the English and Spanish language and literacy proficiencies of dual language learners (DLLs) in U.S. preschools. This work is extended in this paper by examining within-group variability in 320 Spanish-English speaking DLLs' cognitive, linguistic, literacy, and mathematics skills at the end of prekindergarten (M = 5.22 years old). Using latent profile analysis (a type of mixture modeling), four profiles of DLLs were identified. Most DLLs were classified as English Dominant, followed by Balanced Average, Spanish Dominant, and Balanced Low, respectively. In general, the Balanced Average profile outperformed the other profiles in English and Spanish, and their norm-referenced standard scores provide additional evidence that bilingual development is not associated with educational risk.
Conservation laws in elasticity - II. Linear homogeneous isotropic elastostatics

Application a l'elasticite statique lineaire, homogene isotrope. Determination des lois de conservation tridimensionnelles et bidimensionnelles
How Spatially Concentrated Are Industrial Clusters?: A Meta-analysis:

This study conducts a meta-analysis of empirical studies that have measured the spatial scale of industrial clustering. Two types of scales are examined: the peak scale (at which cluster effects ar...
Southward growth of Mauna Loa's dike-like magma body driven by topographic stress.

Space-geodetic observations of a new period of inflation at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, recorded an influx of 0.11 km3 of new magma into it’s dike-like magma body during 2014–2020. The intrusion started after at least 4 years of decollement slip under the eastern flank creating > 0.15 MPa opening stresses in the rift zone favorable for magma intrusion. Volcanoes commonly respond to magma pressure increase with the injection of a dike, but Mauna Loa responded with lateral growth of its magma body in the direction of decreasing topographic stress. In 2017, deformation migrated back, and inflation continued at the pre-2015 location. Geodetic inversions reveal a 8 × 8.5, 10 × 3 and 9 × 4 km2 dike-like magma body during the 2014–2015, 2015–2018 and 2018–2020 periods, respectively, and an average decollement slip of ~ 23 cm/year along a 10 × 5 km2 fault. The evolution of the dike-like magma body including the reduction in vertical extent is consistent with a slowly ascending dike propagating laterally when encountering a stress barrier and freezing its tip when magma influx waned. Overall, the magma body widened about 4.5 m during 2002–2020.
Applying Mixed-Effects Modeling to Behavioral Economic Demand: An Introduction

Behavioral economic demand methodology is increasingly being used in various fields such as substance use and consumer behavior analysis. Traditional analytical techniques to fitting demand data have proven useful yet some of these approaches require preprocessing of data, ignore dependence in the data, and present statistical limitations. We term these approaches “fit to group” and “two stage” with the former interested in group or population level estimates and the latter interested in individual subject estimates. As an extension to these regression techniques, mixed-effect (or multilevel) modeling can serve as an improvement over these traditional methods. Notable benefits include providing simultaneous group (i.e., population) level estimates (with more accurate standard errors) and individual level predictions while accommodating the inclusion of “nonsystematic” response sets and covariates. These models can also accommodate complex experimental designs including repeated measures. The goal of this article is to introduce and provide a high-level overview of mixed-effects modeling techniques applied to behavioral economic demand data. We compare and contrast results from traditional techniques to that of the mixed-effects models across two datasets differing in species and experimental design. We discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of these approaches and provide access to statistical code and data to support the analytical replicability of the comparisons.
Nanoparticle modulation of the tumor microenvironment enhances therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin

The tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as a multidrug resistant center for tumors under the assault of chemotherapy and a physiological barrier against the penetration of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs). Previous studies have indicated the ability for therapeutic NP to distribute into, and deplete tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) for improved therapeutic outcomes. However, a drug resistant phenotype gradually arises after repeated doses of chemotherapeutic NP. Herein, the acquisition of drug resistant phenotypes in the TME after repeated cisplatin NP treatment was examined. Particularly, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of NP damaged TAFs on neighboring cells and alteration of stromal structure after cisplatin treatment. Findings suggested that while off-targeted NP damaged TAFs and inhibited tumor growth after an initial dose, chronic exposure to cisplatin NP led to elevated secretion of Wnt16 in a paracrine manner in TAFs. Wnt16 upregulation was then attributed to heightened tumor cell resistance and stroma reconstruction. Results attest to the efficacy of Wnt16 knockdown in damaged TAFs as a promising combinatory strategy to improve efficacy of cisplatin NP in a stroma-rich bladder cancer model.
A new twist for the tumour suppressor hamartin

Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins form crosslinks between cortical actin filaments and the plasma membrane. New findings indicate that they may also bind to the tumour-suppressor protein hamartin, thereby regulating Rho GTPases, the actin-based cytoskeleton and cell adhesion. Loss of hamartin function disrupts cell adhesion, which may contribute to the formation of tumours in individuals carrying hamartin mutations.
Metallurgy of Continuous Filamentary A15 Superconductors

Composite superconductors, which consist of fine filaments of superconductors in normal metals, have gained almost universal acceptance in magnet construction. These composites are usually twisted in order to increase their electromagnetic stability and reduce the energy loss in time-varying magnetic field applications [1]. Originally the superconducting materials used in these composites were restricted to the ductile superconducting alloys, mainly Nb-Ti. However, owing to a need for improvements in the design of magnets for superconducting synchrotrons and for magnetic fusion reactors, metallurgical methods for producing such filamentary conductors with brittle A15 structured superconductors were developed in the past few years. In 1969-1970, a method for fabricating such conductors with Nb3Sn and V3Ga was successfully developed and is now called the bronze process [2, 3, 4]. The method relies on the fact that these A15 compounds can be formed at the interface of Nb(V) and Cu-Sn(Ga) when such composites are heated at elevated temperatures.
The generation and characterization of mice expressing a plasmin-inactivating active site mutation.

Human plasminogen (Plg) is a 791 amino acid single-chain protein zymogen, which is activated to the two-chain serine protease, plasmin (Plm), by mammalian activators, e.g., tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), as well as bacterial activators, e.g., streptokinase (SK), staphylokinase (Sak) [1], and a surface protease (Pla) from Yersinia pestis [2]. Activation occurs as a result of cleavage of a single peptide bond at Arg561-Val562, yielding a heavy-chain linked by two disulfide bonds to a light-chain. The former region possesses 5 kringle domains that are responsible for binding of Plg/Plm to effector molecules, and the latter polypeptide chain contains the serine protease catalytic triad, His603, Asp646, and Ser741 (human Plg numbering). Plm is the primary fibrinolytic enzyme, functioning in maintaining vascular patency through degradation of fibrin-rich thrombi, and in clearing extravascular fibrin, e.g., as occurs in ligneous conjunctivitis, in humans and in mice [3,4]. While Plm directly degrades fibrin and matrix proteins, it also catalyzes activation of other zymogens, e.g., pro-matrix metalloproteases [5,6], latent forms of growth factors [7,8], and complement proenzymes [9], thus functioning as a major pathophysiological extracellular protease.
Redesigning Arithmetic for Student Success: Supporting Faculty to Teach in New Ways

This chapter describes a promising new approach to teaching developmental arithmetic and prealgebra, and presents research findings that demonstrate how a faculty support network helped instructors adopt new teaching strategies and gain confidence in teaching the reformed course.
Allied Master Strategists: The Combined Chiefs of Staff in World War II. By David Rigby. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012. Pp. xvi, 271. $29.95.)

Nearly forty years have passed since political biographer Joseph P. Lash characterized the working relationship forged by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill during...
Abstract CS1-2: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: Patient preferences and risk perceptions

Recent studies have revealed increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among women with unilateral early stage breast cancer. Bilateral mastectomy at diagnosis of unilateral breast cancer is particularly common among young women, with younger age consistently identified as a predictor of CPM. This trend for more surgery rather than less has raised concerns, given the lack of evidence for a survival benefit from CPM and the relatively low risk of contralateral breast cancer for most women in this setting. Although mastectomy is a safe procedure and major complications are rare, there are potential negative consequences including cosmetic concerns and clinically significant potential long-term sequelae such as numbness of the chest skin and chronic pain and decreased function. Given most women opt for reconstructive surgery, extended recovery time, additional surgical complications, and decreased strength or function due to muscles being moved or stretched are also additional risks. Recent data have revealed that some women who undergo CPM have misperceptions about their actual risks and the values of the prophylactic surgery. In a recent cross-sectional survey of young breast cancer survivors who had undergone bilateral mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer, most women indicated that desire to decrease their risk for contralateral breast cancer (98%) and improve survival (94%) were extremely or very important factors in their decision to have CPM. However, only 18% indicated that women with breast cancer who undergo CPM live longer than those who do not. BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers more accurately perceived their risk for contralateral breast cancer, whereas women without a known mutation substantially overestimated this risk. An increasing body of literature suggests that fear of recurrence and anxiety are strong predictors of undergoing CPM. Improved education and counseling about the risks and benefits of CPM, as well as increased awareness and management of anxiety surrounding breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, are likely to help patients to understand their risks more fully and to make decisions consistent with their preferences and values. Decision aids may be particularly useful in this setting. Citation Format: Ann Partridge. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: Patient preferences and risk perceptions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr CS1-2.
Comportamiento Organizacional: Una Conceptualización Integral

El presente trabajo describe el modelo ADIE que integra los enfoques micro, macro y post empresarial, para describir y evaluar el comportamiento de las organizaciones, a partir de dos elementos fundamentales: las necesidades de la organizacion (Adaptacion, Integracion y Ejecucion) y las actividades que esta debe realizar para satisfacerlas (Planificacion, Innovacion, Organizacion, Regulacion, Control y Estimulacion). Se trata de un Modelo de Contingencia ya que implica una estrecha interrelacion entre la organizacion y el ambiente donde esta funciona. La experiencia ganada en su utilizacion demuestra que puede tener varios usos: como herramienta educativa (desarrollo gerencial), como herramienta de consulta, o como esquema de diagnostico, entre otros. La recoleccion de la informacion, esencial para fines de diagnostico, se puede efectuar mediante entrevistas individuales o mediante la aplicacion de cuestionarios especialmente disenados de acuerdo a las dimensiones del Modelo ADIE. El cuestionario aplicado que describe este trabajo contiene treinta items (cinco por cada actividad) en forma de escala de diez puntos. La experiencia ha demostrado que el instrumento tiene una alta validez aparente.
Drug preference in normal volunteers: effects of age and time of day.

These experiments assessed the influence of two variables, age of subjects and time of drug administration, on the reinforcing properties of amphetamine and of diazepam in normal volunteers. Three groups of subjects were tested: i) a group of 40–55-year-old subjects (AGE group; N=11) who were tested in the morning, ii) a group of 21–35-year-old subjects (CTL group; N=12) who were also tested in the morning, and iii) a group of 21–35-year-olds who were tested in the late afternoon (AFT group; N=13). All subjects participated in three separate experiments comparing one drug (5 mg d,l-amphetamine, 5 mg diazepam or 10 mg diazepam) to placebo. Each experiment consisted of nine sessions: On the first four sessions subjects sampled two color-coded capsules on alternate sessions and on the following five sessions they chose and ingested the capsule they preferred. Subjective effects of the drugs were monitored using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a shortened version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI). Subjects in all three groups chose 5 mg diazepam as often as placebo but preferred placebo to 10 mg diazepam. In contrast, they chose amphetamine either as often as or more often than placebo. The subjective effects of diazepam (i.e. sedation) were similar across all three groups, but after amphetamine the AGE group showed greater stimulant effects. In addition, the AFT group showed fewer positive mood effects after amphetamine than the CTL group. The AFT and AGE groups also differed from the CTL group on several measures of mood, independently of drug administration. Despite the modest group differences in subjective effects, it was concluded that neither time of day nor age of subjects substantially affected the reinforcing properties of either drug.
Plasma melatonin in the neotenic tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum): Effects of photoperiod and pinealectomy

Abstract A nonequilibrium, double-antibody radioimmunoassay was validated for melatonin extracted from tiger salamander plasma. Radioimmunoassay of plasma samples that were collected from salamanders killed at 6-hr intervals, starting at 0600 hr and ending at 2400 hr (12:12 L:D; lights on at 0600 hr), indicated a significant increase in plasma melatonin at 2400 hr and 0600 hr compared to 1200 hr, with the 1800 hr sampling time value being intermediate. Animals which had been pinealectomized, sham pinealectomized, or anesthetized only, and then killed and sampled at either midphotophase or midscotophase, demonstrated that this operation reduced circulating melatonin only during the scotophase. These results indicate the presence of other, non-pineal sources for circulating melatonin and that the pineal body is responsible for the increased titers of melatonin measured during the scotophase.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease)

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) is a unique disease of unknown etiology with a childhood predilection. Reports have established the worldwide distribution of the disorder. Although peripheral lymphadenopathy is the most common mode of presentation, numerous studies and individual case reports have established the fact that 30–40% of affected individuals have extranodal manifestations particularly in the head and neck region where the adenopathy tends to be concentrated. As yet, the pathogenesis of SHML has not been established but speculation relates the disorder to an aberrant response to an unspecified antigen, possibly an infectious organism. Because of the clinical manifestations, the radiographic features of SHML are not pathognomonic but rather engender a differential diagnosis which includes lymphomatous, pseudolymphomatous and infectious conditions. Appropriate imaging of patients with SHML depends upon presenting symptoms and signs. Radionuclide bone scanning may be helpful in the evaluation of suspected skeletal lesions or joint symptoms. Gallium scanning is often positive in nodal disease and CT, MRI and sonography are helpful in the evaluation of extranodal sites of involvement such as the orbit, eyelid, upper aero-digestive tract and retroperitoneum.
The impact of engineering identification and stereotypes on undergraduate women’s achievement and persistence in engineering

Women almost always comprise a minority in engineering programs and a smaller percentage of women pursue engineering than other science and technology majors. The culture of engineering departments and negative stereotypes of women’s engineering and mathematical ability have been identified as factors that inhibit women’s entry into engineering and cause them to leave the major. Even for women who stay, stereotype threat or the anxiety of confirming a negative stereotype can decrease academic performance. To more fully understand this dynamic, we examined four factors associated with stereotype threat (engineering identification, gender identification, gender stereotype endorsement, and engineering ability perceptions) to determine how they impacted women’s achievement and persistence in engineering at the end of their first year of an engineering program. Participants included 363 first-year general engineering students from a large public university. Students completed a questionnaire near the end of their first year. Results indicated that there were differences between men and women for gender stereotype endorsement and engineering ability perceptions, with men more likely to hold negative stereotypes of women’s engineering abilities and women more likely to report higher perceptions of their engineering abilities. Engineering identification was a significant predictor of persistence in engineering, and engineering ability perceptions were significant predictors of achievement; the relationships were stronger for women than men. The fact that neither gender identification nor gender stereotype endorsement were related to achievement or persistence in engineering indicated that they were less important factors for first-year women engineering students than engineering identification and engineering ability perceptions.
Development in the Eastern Interior Basin in 1941: ABSTRACT

More wells were drilled in 1941 in Illinois and southwestern Indiana than in any previous year except 1907 when drilling reached a peak in that area. Drilling declined in western Kentucky, making the total number of completions in the Eastern Interior basin in 1941 slightly less than in 1940. Much of the 1941 drilling (both pool and wildcat) was concentrated in the deep basin area in the region of the lower Wabash River in Illinois and Indiana where 44 new pools and 43 extensions were discovered. None of the new pools was of major size and the total output of new wells in the whole area failed to offset the decline of the older wells. Total production from the Eastern Interior basin in 1941 is estimated at 145,603,000 barrels as compared with 154,796,000 barrels in 1940, decline of 6 per cent. Percentage of the national total was 10.3 in 1941 as compared with 11.5 in 1940. Rocks of the Mississippian system continue to yield most of the oil in the area--91.5 per cent of the Illinois total of 133,750,000 barrels in 1941. No new Devonian production was discovered in Illinois in 1941 and the Devonian wells, which yielded an estimated 26 per cent of the Illinois total in 1940, produced only 6 per cent of the total in 1941. Pennsylvanian and Ordovician strata yielded estimated amounts of 1.7 and 0.9 per cent, respectively. Geologic studies indicate that lenticular sand conditions are important in controlling the occurrence of the oil. End_of_Article - Last_Page 914------------
With a Plural Vengeance: Modernism as (Flaming) Brand

In ‘With a Plural Vengeance: Modernism as (Flaming) Brand’, Michael Coyle examines the renaissance of modernism within the academic institution since the early 1990s, and the vigorous yet controversial re-branding through which this has in part been achieved. Defending this revisionary modernist studies, he argues that the issue for contemporary scholars is not primarily one of purging the elitism of a previously dominant ‘high modernist canon’, but of emphasising the pluralistic rather than singular criteria of canon-formation.
Physician assistants: education, practice and global interest

Background: In the United States, the physician assistant (PA) model has proven to be a cost-effective way to train quality primary care providers with a high degree of acceptance of the PA role by patients and other healthcare providers.Aim: Discuss PA model as it pertains to other countries.Methods: Review of relevant literature related to physician assistant education, practice and global interest.Results: Several countries including the United Kingdom, Scotland, Canada, the Netherlands, Taiwan, South Africa and Ghana are exploring or re-exploring the concept of the physician assistant as a way to quickly and efficiently train and employ autonomous and flexible health workers to address their nation's healthcare needs. Conclusions: Physician assistant education is efficient and flexible and the PA model can be easily adapted to the specific health system needs of other nations. In addition, many PA programs have affiliation agreements with institutions outside of the United States to host PA students f...
It all hinges on the vowels: Reconsidering the Alphasyllabary Classification

I argue that formal and ethnographic studies of written language could benefit from greater reciprocal engagement. Recent work on formal aspects of written language has made plain that orthographic typology can help us to understand readers’ phonological awareness as well as inform and shape pedagogical strategies. However, much work on orthographic typologies has not examined actual use of writing systems. Peter Daniels stated that writing can be “adapted … at will” (1996a:2). This notion of adaptability of writing poses problems for studies of writing systems that do not look at its actual usage. Through a cross-orthographic study of writing adaptability, I suggest that an ethnographic examination of writing systems challenges the definition of the term alphasyllabary proposed in Bright (1999). I offer that a focus on the relative independence of vowels and consonants provides a solid typological classification system that accounts for changes and current variability in writing system usage.
Modelling of stress-strain behaviour of plain concrete using a plasticity framework

A constitutive model based on the theory of plasticity is proposed to characterize the stress-strain behaviour of plain concrete under three-dimensional loading. The model incorporates the third stress invariant in the formulation that allows variation of shear strength with the orientation of stress paths on the octahedral plane. Also, it allows variation of the shape of the yield surface on the octahedral plane with confining pressure. An algorithm is developed and used to evaluate the associated material constants in the optimum manner. Stress-strain responses are back-predicted for a number of stress paths using the proposed model and the results are compared with experimental observations. Overall, good agreement between the experimental data and predicted response is obtained.
The "ricochet effect" and prey capture in colonial spiders.

Increased prey capture efficiency in colonial spiders is a consequence of the “ricochet effect”, as prey are captured after they bounce off several webs in succession. In this study, the prey capture of three species of colonial spiders in the genus Metepeira from Mexico are compared. These species, from different habitats, show varying levels of social organization (group size and withingroup spacing) that affect prey capture from ricochets. Metepeira sp. a (a presumed new species tentatively named atascadero) from desert grassland habitats, occur solitarily or in small groups, and gain little from prey ricochets: prey capture rates are low and variance in prey captured/spider is high. M. spinipes, from mesic agricultural sites, occur in groups of 10–150, and show a ricochet effect resulting in more and larger prey, and reduced variance in capture rate. M. incrassata, from tropical rainforest/agricultural sites, occur in large colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals, and show a similar ricochet effect. The ricochet effect does not influence taxonomic composition of prey in either M. atascadero or M. spinipes, but does in tropical M. incrassata. This result, however, is primarily due to the capacity of certain taxa (eg., Lepidoptera), more common in the tropics, to escape more easily from spider webs. A comparison of prey capture efficiency of colonial M. incrassata with that of solitary M. atascadero shows that the ricochet effect provides an increase in efficiency across all size classes of prey.
Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of the Silent Aircraft

A “silent † aircraft” is defined to be an aircraft that, in a typical urban area, is inaudible outside of the airport boundary. This paper describes the creation, implementation, and use of an integrated design tool to predict and optimize the performance and costs associated with producing a novel, commercial aircraft design with a step change in noise reduction. The silent aircraft uses a highly integrated configuration where a quiet propulsion system is embedded in a Blended-Wing-Body type airframe. This allows the shielding of forward radiated engine noise and the extensive use of acoustic liners. Multidisciplinary aircraft design models, which use a combination of simple physics and empirical relations, are adapted for the silent aircraft configuration. These models are used in conjunction with a multidisciplinary planform optimization capability. The resulting silent aircraft design is assessed in terms of performance and acoustic signature. Significant component noise reductions can be achieved with a design that has a fuel burn competitive with next-generation commercial aircraft. Barriers to achieving the aggressive noise goal of the Silent Aircraft Initiative and the associated required technology developments are described.
The British and the Black: A New Perspective

(1976). The British and the Black: A New Perspective. The Historian: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 225-238.
Pregnancy and pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension, irrespective of the etiology, carries a high mortality when associated with a pregnancy. Causes of pulmonary hypertension include primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and pulmonary vascular disease secondary to other causes such as thromboembolic disease, connective tissue disorders, and side effects from certain drugs. The most common cause of pulmonary hypertension in young women of childbearing age however is due to the late consequences of a large cardiac shunt at any level (Eisenmenger syndrome). This review will focus on the latter, in which the risk of maternal death is approximately 30–50% [1–4]. 1. Hemodynamic perturbations Several of the hemodynamic changes that occur during a normal pregnancy contribute to the high maternal mortality in patients with pulmonary vascular disease. The progressive increase in plasma volume, which peaks at about 50% above baseline early in the third trimester, adds to the burden of a compromised right ventricle and may precipitate right heart failure. The pre-existing pulmonary vascular disease restricts this increased flow of blood to the lungs and increases right ventricular work. Systemic vasodilatation is a physiological adaptation of normal pregnancy and it is associated with an increase in the cardiac output and renal blood flow. As the peripheral vascular resistance falls, the patient with Eisenmenger syndrome may augment the right to left shunting that exacerbates the pre-existing hypoxia, which, in turn, may cause more pulmonary vasoconstriction. At the time of labor and delivery, severe hemodynamic compromise may occur. Acidosis and hypercarbia may further increase pulmonary vascular resistance. Any hypovolemia resulting from blood loss or hypotension from a vasovagal response to pain may result in sudden death. In addition, death may also occur from pulmonary thromboembolism or in situ pulmonary infarction.
2-methoxyethanol as a solvent for conductometric acid-base titrations

Conductometric titrations of a series of organic acids in 2-methoxyethanol were performed with 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) as titrant. For benzoic, p-chlorobenzoic and picric acids, phenylphenol and barbital, excellent recoveries were obtained from well-defined conductance vs. volume plots. Results for the dicarboxylic phthalic and adipic acids were also good. However, the titration curves for the difunctional salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were not clearly defined. The results are discussed and compared with cnductometric titrations of acids in other non-aqueous solvents. Several determinations of electrolyte conductance as a function of concentration revealed that, as expected, the selected substances are weak electrolytes in methoxyethanol.
Zerovalent and divalent palladium and platinum complexes with phosphinoacetylenes

Abstract Complexes of zerovalent and divalent palladium and platinum have been prepared using bi(diphenylphosphino) acetylene and diphenylphosphino-methylacetylene as ligands. Spectroscopic evidence indicates phosphorus coordination with no bonding participation of the acetylenic moiety in both oxidation states. The ultraviolet spectra indicate that the zerovalent complexes ML 4 (M = Pd, Pt; L = Ph 2 PCCCH 3 ) undergo an oxidative addition reaction with dichloromethane.