cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some hydrogels having novel molecular structures

a b s t r a c t Hydrogels are important materials for a variety of applications, particularly biomedical devices, but they generally have poor mechanical properties since they consist predom- inantly of water held in place by a relatively fragile polymer network. This brief review describes a few novel methods to control or improve the mechanical properties of hydro- gels including slide-ring gels, double-network gels, nanocomposite gels, and photoactive gels.Ourgoalistoencouragemoreresearcherstobeawareofandtoexploitthesemethods.
Gait analysis and validation using voxel data

In this paper, we present a method for extracting gait parameters including walking speed, step time and step length from a three-dimensional voxel reconstruction, which is built from two calibrated camera views. These parameters are validated with a GAITRite Electronic mat and a Vicon motion capture system. Experiments were conducted in which subjects walked across the GAITRite mat at various speeds while the Vicon cameras recorded the motion of reflective markers attached to subjects’ shoes, and our two calibrated cameras captured the images. Excellent agreements were found for walking speed. Step time and step length were also found to have good agreement given the limitation of frame rate and voxel resolution.
A Framework for Distance Education Effectiveness: An Illustration Using a Business Statistics Course

Distance education is now an integral part of offering courses in many institutions. With increasing access to the Internet, the importance of distance education will only grow. But, to date, the specific benefits that distance education brings to student learning objectives remain unclear. We first propose a framework that links student performance and satisfaction to the learning environment and course delivery. Next, we empirically evaluate our framework using data from a Business Statistics course that we offer in the traditional classroom setting and as a distance-education course. Our results show that a well-designed distance education course can lead to a high level of student satisfaction, but classroom-based students can achieve even higher satisfaction, if they also are given access to learning material on the Internet. This indicates that material for an effective distance-education course also can be used to supplement in-class teaching in order to increase satisfaction with student learning objectives.
Supramolecular nanocarriers with photoresponsive cargo

The covalent integration of fluorescent and photoswitchable components within the same molecular skeleton can be exploited to activate fluorescence under optical control. Specifically, a photoswitchable oxazine heterocycle can be connected to either a coumarin or a borondipyrromethene fluorophore. Illumination of the resulting molecular dyads at an appropriate activation wavelength either opens the heterocycle reversibly or cleaves it irreversibly, depending on the relative positions of its methylene and nitro substituents. These photochemical transformations shift bathochromically the main absorption band of the fluorophore and allow its selective excitation at a given wavelength. These hydrophobic molecular dyads can be entrapped within the hydrophobic interior of self-assembling nanoparticles of amphiphilic polymer. The supramolecular envelope around the switchable compounds enables their transfer into aqueous environments and their operation under these conditions with minimal influence on their photochemical and photophysical properties. The reversible fluorescence activation, possible in one instance, imposes intermittence on the detected emission and offers the opportunity to resolve closely-spaced nanocarriers in time to reconstruct images with subdiffraction resolution. The irreversible fluorescence activation, possible in the other, maintains emission on after the activation event and permits the monitoring of the diffusion of the activated nanocarriers in real time with the sequential acquisition of images. Thus, these operating principles to solubilize and operate photoswitchable fluorophores in aqueous environments with the aid of supramolecular nanocarriers can lead to valuable protocols to image specimens with subdiffraction resolution and to monitor dynamic events noninvasively.
Care and management of the long-tongued bat, Glossophaga soricina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae), in the laboratory, with observations on estivation induced by food deprivation.

Methods were developed that permit the long-term laboratory maintenance of large numbers of Glossophaga soricina . Animals were housed in bipartite cages with darkened roosting boxes, and served a fortified diet containing peach nectar as a palatable base. The methods were conducive to continued reproductive activity by the animals in captivity. Food deprivation of G. soricina for one night in either the laboratory or the field resulted in estivation on the following day. This was characterized by marked behavioral changes and, in the laboratory, by a drop of about 3.3°C in body temperature. Estivation was also observed in Vampyrops helleri and Carollia perspicillata . The ability to estivate probably enables these animals to survive periods of inclement weather or temporary food shortages in their natural, tropical habitat. Observation of this response also suggests that greater attention should be directed toward food consumption as a variable in thermoregulatory studies involving bats.
Household Location and Economic Development in the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area

The patterns of where households live within the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area are examined over the 1990 to 2010 period with respect to their socioeconomic characteristics. It is seen that...
Pravastatin Effects on Placental Prosurvival Molecular Pathways in a Mouse Model of Preeclampsia.

Objective:Using an animal model of preeclampsia induced by overexpression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), we previously showed that pravastatin prevents the development of a preeclampsia phenotype. Our objective is to determine whether pravastatin treatment may be explained by its effects on apoptotic/survival pathways in the placenta.Methods:Pregnant CD1 mice at day 8 of gestation (length of gestation 19 days) were randomly allocated to injection via tail vein with either adenovirus carrying sFlt-1 or adenovirus carrying the murine immunoglobulin G2α Fc fragment (mFc virus control group). Mice from the sFlt group were randomly assigned to receive pravastatin (5 mg/kg/d) in their drinking water from day 9 until killing (sFlt-1 + Pravastatin) or water (sFlt-1). The mFc control received water only. Mice were killed on day 18, and the placentas were collected. Protein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway substrates were assayed using Bioplex Multiplex Immunoassay (Bio-Rad, Hercules...
[Relationship between XRCC3 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to lead poisoning in male lead-exposed workers].

Objective To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 3 (XRCC3) and susceptibility to lead poisoning in male lead-exposed workers.Methods Peripheral venous blood and morning urine samples were collected from 326 male lead-exposed workers in a storage battery factory in Fuzhou.Blood lead,urine lead,blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP),blood calcium,and blood iron were measured.The genotype of XRCC3 was determined by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism method.The relationship between XRCC3 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to lead poisoning in male lead-exposed workers was analyzed.Results Genetic polymorphism of XRCC3 was seen in the 326 subjects.The frequency distribution of XRCC3 genotypes,XRCC3-241CC (wild type),XRCC3-241CT (heterozygous mutation),and XRCC3-241TT (homozygous mutation),was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in urine lead,blood ZPP,blood calcium,and blood iron between the lead-exposed workers with different XRCC3 genotypes (P＞0.05).The workers with XRCC3-241CT/TT had a significantly higher mean blood lead level than those with XRCC3-241CC (P＜0.05).With a blood lead level of 1.90 μmol/L as the cutoff value,the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of workers with XRCC3-241CT/TT was significantly higher than that of workers with XRCC3-241CC in the subjects with high blood leads (P＜0.05) and that the risk of high blood lead was significantly higher in the workers with XRCC3-241CT/TT than in those with XRCC3-241CC (OR =2.34,95％ CI =1.61～5.13); the multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the workers with XRCC3-241CT/TT had high blood lead levels (β=0.116,P＜0.05),the workers with smoking habit demonstrated marked lead absorption (β=0.188,P＜0.05),good individual protection could reduce lead absorption (β=-0.247,P＜0.05),and the individuals with low serum Ca2+ levels had high blood lead levels (β=-0.145,P＜0.05).Conclusion When exposed to the same level of lead at workplace,the workers with XRCC3-241CT/TT have a significantly higher blood lead level than those with XRCC3-241CC,so the genotype of XRCC3-241CT/TT accounts for higher susceptibility to lead poisoning. Key words: XRCC3 gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Lead poisoning; Susceptibility
Corticosteroid resistance in eosinophilic gastritis - Relation to in vitro eosinophil survival and interleukin 5

Eosinophilic gastritis is usually responsive to corticosteroid therapy. In some cases, large doses and protracted treatment are required. This report describes a case of eosinophilic gastritis that was partially corticosteroid resistant. To determine mechanisms that explain this patient's incomplete response to corticosteroid therapy, peripheral blood eosinophils and serum were isolated from the patient. We found the in vitro survival of the patient's eosinophils was prolonged. In addition, his serum both promoted in vitro eosinophil survival and nullified the survival inhibiting of effect of hydrocortisone (10 microM). Furthermore, antibody against interleukin 5 (IL5) partially inhibited the enhanced eosinophil survival produced by the patient's serum and completely blocked the decrease in survival resulting from hydrocortisone. These observations indicate that elevated circulating levels of IL5 may contribute to the peripheral eosinophilia and corticosteroid resistance in some patients with eosinophilic gastritis.
Before and Beyond Divergence: A New Look at the Economic History of China and Europe

This chapter has two purposes: we wish to introduce our new book, Before and Beyond Divergence; the Politics of Economic Change in China and Europe (Rosenthal and Wong 2011) to an audience that would not otherwise encounter it, and we also wish to make the claim that the important methodological and substantive issues uncovered by our comparative economic history of China and Europe are relevant to current economic analysis. Why did China decline after 1400 only to reestablish itself as a major presence in the global economy after 1980? Why did Europe, a region torn by strife and suffering and economic collapse after the fall of the Roman Empire, become the birthplace of modern economic growth? These two questions are at the forefront of research in economic history. Answering them does not merely satisfy an academic curiosity; it also matters for understanding how the world is changing today.
Dosiertes Krafttraining zur Rehabilitation bei Sportverletzungen

Auf die Besonderheiten bezuglich der Durchfuhrung der Rehabilitation nach operativ versorgten Verletzungen bei Leistungssportlern wird ausfuhrlich eingegangen. Die Rehabilitation wird in 3 Phasen unterteilt — Initialbehandlung — sportartspezifischer muskularer Aufbau — Integrationsphase und die Trainingsprogramme in diesen spezifischen Phasen auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der psychischen Stabilitat des Leistungssportlers aufgezeigt. Besonderer Wert wird auf die individuelle Sportart und sportlerbezogene Wiederherstellung gelegt.
The Experimental Music of Hermeto Pascoal and Group, 1981–1993: Conception and Language

Brazilian composer and musician Hermeto Pascoal has been a relentless innovator for over five decades. Blending various pop and folk musics from Brazil with free jazz, swing, pop, classical, and no...
Fine-Scale Monitoring of Routine Deep Dives by Gravid Leatherback Turtles during the Internesting Interval Indicate a Capital Breeding Strategy

The dive behavior of gravid leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) was studied during the internesting interval in two western Pacific nesting regions: Papua Barat, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands in 2006, 2007 and 2010. We used three types of dive data: time-at-depth data (Papua Barat: N = 4; Solomon Islands: N = 6), intermittent dive data (Papua Barat: N = 6) obtained from ARGOS satellite transmitters, and continuous dive data obtained from recovered semi-archival tags (Papua Barat: N = 1, Solomon Islands: N = 1). All dive data demonstrated that the leatherback turtles routinely dove to deep waters (around 150 m) throughout the internesting interval. The continuous dive data showed that turtles spent 37.3% of their time in routine deep dives and that they stayed in cold waters below the thermocline. Fine-scale monitoring (1-s interval, 0.5 m of resolution) suggested that these routine deep dives were not accompanied with any wiggles (up-and-down undulations in the depth profile) or flat-bottom phases, and they reached deep waters by gliding, which suggests that these dives may have served to conserve energy and/or to thermoregulate. Comparison with the dive behavior in other regions (Costa Rica, French Guiana, Grenada, Malaysia, and St. Croix) suggests that gravid leatherback turtles in all regions except French Guiana assume an energy-saving strategy during the internesting interval that involves gliding to or resting on the sea floor in colder water. The behavioral tactics (dive patterns) they use, however, differ because of bathymetric constraints.
Finite element computer modeling of transthoracic atrial defibrillation

Placement of external electrodes can significantly affect the success rate of transthoracic atrial defibrillation, but studies have not led to agreement on optimal electrode placements. This study aims to (1) develop an anatomically realistic, finite element model of the human torso for external atrial defibrillation, (2) investigate model parameters of skeletal muscle conductivity and anisotropy and the presence of subcutaneous fat, and (3) investigate clinical defibrillation parameters of electrode size, shape, and location. The model predicts atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) energy by requiring a voltage gradient of 5 V/cm over at least 95% of atrial myocardium. The model compares favorably with a clinical study of 301 patients that reported an anterior-posterior electrode position required approximately 20% less energy than an anterior-anterior position. Results indicate that a change in electrode size has a different effect for different electrode placements. This study finds that variation in electrode placement by only a few centimeters can change ADFTs by up to 51%. This is the first computer model of transthoracic atrial defibrillation to our knowledge. Our computer model is not limited to a few empirically selected electrode placements as in clinical studies and can test any location, size, and number of electrode placements.
Analgesia During Fetal Surgery

Thanks to advances in high-resolution ultrasound and MRI, an increasing number of conditions are diagnosed early during gestation, and new insights into their pathophysiology have been reported. Some of these conditions are life-threatening in utero or due to possible irreversible organ damage may benefit from prenatal surgical intervention [1].
Twitter as Data

The rise of the internet and mobile telecommunications has created the possibility of using large datasets to understand behavior at unprecedented levels of temporal and geographic resolution. Online social networks attract the most users, though users of these new technologies provide their data through multiple sources, e.g. call detail records, blog posts, web forums, and content aggregation sites. These data allow scholars to adjudicate between competing theories as well as develop new ones, much as the microscope facilitated the development of the germ theory of disease. Of those networks, Twitter presents an ideal combination of size, international reach, and data accessibility that make it the preferred platform in academic studies. Acquiring, cleaning, and analyzing these data, however, require new tools and processes. This Element introduces these methods to social scientists and provides scripts and examples for downloading, processing, and analyzing Twitter data.
Determination of salicin and related compounds in botanical dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A sensitive and reliable method is described for quantitative determination of salicin (including salicyl alcohol) and salicylic acid in botanical dietary supplements by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with wavelength-programmed fluorescence detection. One gram sample material was extracted with 20 mL aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), which was heated in an 80 degrees C water bath for 30 min. After centrifugation and cooling of the extract to room temperature, the supernatant was diluted with additional buffer. A 1 mL portion of diluted extract was mixed with 1 mL beta-glucosidase solution (2 mg/mL) and incubated for 40 min in a 37 degrees C water bath. The extract was passed through a 0.45 micron syringe filter and analyzed by LC. Limits of quantitation for salicin and salicylic acid were 20 and 1 microgram/g, respectively. Recoveries from samples fortified with salicin at 20, 100, and 1000 micrograms/g and with salicylic acid at 5, 20, and 50 micrograms/g ranged from 85 to 110%, with standard deviations less than 7%.
Experimental study of micromilling selective laser melted Inconel 718 superalloy

Abstract This study investigated micromilling of Inconel 718 made by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing. Emphasis was placed on the effects of tool coating, milling parameter, and SLM scanning strategy on the surface roughness and resulting tool wear. Surface and volume defects such as pores and embedded slags between layers reduced the effectiveness of micromilling. Although uncoated WC tools did not performed satisfactorily, coated tools were promising but had to operate at lower cutting speeds compared to those for extruded/rolled materials. The AlTiN/Si 3 N 4 PVD coating out-performed the AlTiN coating, and a surface finish of 1-2 µm R a was achieved. Empirical models suggested that tool life not only affected by scanning strategy during SLM, but also influenced by cutting speed more than applied chip load. Hot isostatic pressing significantly shorten the tool life and worsened the surface finish.
The “Proper Organs” for Presidential Representation: A Fresh Look at the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921

The presidency is now thought of as a representative institution. I argue that the idea of presidential representation, the claim that presidents represent the whole nation, influenced the political development of the institutional presidency. Specifically, I show that the idea was the assumption behind creating a national budget system in the United States. While the challenge of World War I debt prompted Congress to pass the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the law’s design owes much to reformers’ arguments that the president lacked institutional tools to fulfill his representative role. Congress institutionalized presidential representation in budgeting by including two key components: a formal license for presidential agenda setting in the budget process and an enhanced executive organizational capacity with the Bureau of the Budget. However, the law also revealed the problems raised by attempting to provide the “proper organs” for presidential representation, which push against the written constitutional frame.
Association of adjuvant chemotherapy with improved survival after esophagectomy without induction therapy for node-positive adenocarinoma.

4077 Background: Adjuvant therapy is recommended when patients undergo esophagectomy without induction therapy for node-positive (pN+) adenocarcinoma, but some patients may not receive adjuvant tre...
New Antibiotic Approved for Refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complex.

Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (Arikayce) is a newly approved aminoglycoside antibiotic for adults with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex.The product is administered once daily using the Lamira Nebulizer System, which comes with the prescription. Patients need to be taught how to use t
Construction and evaluation of a web application for the educational process on Normal Distribution considering the science of data and machine learning

This mixed research aims at the planning, construction and implementation of a web application to facilitate the educational process on the Normal Distribution through the technological, pedagogical and content knowledge of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model. This study proposes the use of the PHP programming language (technological knowledge), the topics of Normal Distribution (content knowledge) and computer simulation (pedagogical knowledge) to create the Web Application on the Educational Process of Statistics (WAEPS). The sample consists of 61 students who took the subject Statistical Instrumentation for Business during the 2018 school year. The results of the linear regression (machine learning with 50% and 70% of training) indicate that the WAEPS facilitates the educational process on statistics. In fact, the WAEPS promotes the active role in the student, develops mathematical skills and facilitates the assimilation of knowledge about the calculation of upper and lower limits in the Normal Distribution by means of data simulation, interactivity and navigation. Even students consider that this web application is innovative and useful for the educational field. In addition, data science (decision tree technique) identifies various predictive models on the impact of the WAEPS in the educational process. Finally, the TPACK model is an ideal frame of reference to innovate the teaching–learning process through technological, pedagogical and content knowledge.
The “first principles” of marketing strategy

The marketing domain has grown increasingly rich with data, frameworks, and analyses that enable marketers to craft and execute effective strategies, but they simultaneously represent a potential barrier to strategy formation due to their diversity and complexity. This article proposes a parsimonious organizing framework for marketing strategy decisions and the tools associated with each decision. This framework is grounded in four assumptions or first principles that guide the effectiveness of any marketing strategy: (1) All customers differ, (2) all customers change, (3) all competitors react, and (4) all resources are limited. By reviewing prior marketing research through the lens of these four principles, this article illustrates how marketing theory and practice can apply extant analyses and frameworks to support strategy decisions associated with each principle. The authors also theorize about how the four principles build on one another in a natural sequence to guide the formation and execution of marketing strategies.
Rethinking “Opportunity” in the Siting of Affordable Housing in California: Resident Perspectives on the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit

In 2017, California revised its Qualified Allocation Plan to encourage more Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) development in high-opportunity neighborhoods, with the goal of improving residents...
Acoustic Experience Interacts with Perceived Risk of Predation in Shaping Female Response in Crickets

Female response to male sexual signals is context dependent and influenced by a variety of environmental factors. For instance, females often adjust mating preferences in response to predation risk. Social experiences as a juvenile, such as exposure to conspecific sexual signals, have also been shown to influence female mating preferences as adults. Experiments that examine the influence of both environmental factors and early social experiences on female preferences are needed to understand female mating behaviors in the wild. In Pacific field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus), males produce a calling song that females evaluate during mate choice. We examined the influence of both risk perception and juvenile exposure to calling song in shaping adult T. oceanicus female phonotaxis to either a high- or low-quality calling song. We predicted that females raised in song-less conditions would be more responsive to calling song to maximize mating opportunities, and that females would show reduced response to calling in a risky, open area. Females raised in a song-deprived environment were much more responsive to calling song compared to those reared with song. In contrast to our predictions, females raised in song-less conditions were more responsive to the high-quality song in the risky, open arena. These results suggest that juvenile acoustic rearing influences female responsiveness to male calling song, but it has less influence on strength of preference for signal quality.
Non-hysteroscopic Myomectomy and Fertility Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT Objective To perform a systematic review of the literature to identify best practices for nonhysteroscopic myomectomy for women with myomas who desire future fertility. The focus areas included factors associated with conception and pregnancy outcomes after myomectomy, impact of surgical route (laparotomic, laparoscopic, and the incorporation of robot assistance), and preoperative findings and surgical techniques that have an impact on reproduction. Data Sources Librarian-led electronic searches of the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were performed from inception to February 2020. A targeted reference review was performed to update the original searches. Methods of Study Selection The participants were women of reproductive age with myomas who underwent myoma removal surgery through laparotomic or laparoscopic approaches. The fertility outcomes included markers for ovarian reserve, clinical pregnancy rates, and pregnancy outcomes. We performed quality assessment using National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tools and developed clinical recommendations graded according to the strength of the evidence. Tabulation, Integration, and Results The initial search identified 2163 studies, of which 51 met the inclusion criteria. These consisted of 11 studies that focused on the factors associated with conception or pregnancy outcomes after myomectomy, 10 studies that examined the route of nonhysteroscopic myomectomy, and 30 that were related to intraoperative techniques and findings. Overall, younger age, lower myoma number, and distortion of the endometrial cavity were associated with improved reproductive outcomes after myomectomy. The route of nonhysteroscopic myomectomy and intraoperative uterine artery occlusion did not significantly affect pregnancy rates or outcomes. Adhesion barriers present a possible target for further research. Conclusion This study provides insights into patient selection and intraoperative techniques for nonhysteroscopic myomectomy. Further research with well-designed clinical trials is needed to highlight the relationships between myoma characteristics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics type, location, and size) and reproductive outcomes.
A Combined Day-ahead and Real-time Scheduling Approach for Real and Reactive Power Dispatch of Battery Energy Storage

A combined day-ahead (look-ahead) and real-time optimization approach is proposed to schedule Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) real and reactive power dispatch. The look ahead scheduling agent maximizes profit and essentially performs the function of energy arbitrage by looking at forecasted prices, network constraints and BESS operating conditions to generate real power dispatch schedule. While this schedule is followed, the real time optimization agent computes an optimum reactive power set-point (for a particular objective function) using optimal power flow framework. The concepts are implemented by co-simulation of the legacy tools and demonstrated on a large real-world distribution system. In addition to the profits from energy arbitrage, optimum reactive power set point computation results in achieving desirable network attributes like flat voltage profiles and minimizing voltage deviations from desired value.
A Perioperative Care Display for Understanding High Acuity Patients.

Background The data visualization literature asserts that the details of the optimal data display must be tailored to the specific task, the background of the user, and the characteristics of the data. The general organizing principle of a concept-oriented display is known to be useful for many tasks and data types. Objectives In this project, we used general principles of data visualization and a co-design process to produce a clinical display tailored to a specific cognitive task, chosen from the anesthesia domain, but with clear generalizability to other clinical tasks. To support the work of the anesthesia-in-charge (AIC) our task was, for a given day, to depict the acuity level and complexity of each patient in the collection of those that will be operated on the following day. The AIC uses this information to optimally allocate anesthesia staff and providers across operating rooms. Methods We used a co-design process to collaborate with participants who work in the AIC role. We conducted two in-depth interviews with AICs and engaged them in subsequent input on iterative design solutions. Results Through a co-design process, we found (1) the need to carefully match the level of detail in the display to the level required by the clinical task, (2) the impedance caused by irrelevant information on the screen such as icons relevant only to other tasks, and (3) the desire for a specific but optional trajectory of increasingly detailed textual summaries. Conclusion This study reports a real-world clinical informatics development project that engaged users as co-designers. Our process led to the user-preferred design of a single binary flag to identify the subset of patients needing further investigation, and then a trajectory of increasingly detailed, text-based abstractions for each patient that can be displayed when more information is needed.
Stabilization of Alfvén Eigenmodes in DIII-D via Controlled Energetic Ion Density Ramp and Validation of Theory and Simulations.

Fast-ion driven Alfv\'en waves with frequency close to the ion cyclotron frequency ($f=0.58{f}_{ci}$) excited by energetic ions from a neutral beam are stabilized via a controlled energetic ion density ramp for the first time in a fusion research plasma. The scaling of wave amplitude with injection rate is consistent with theory for single mode collisional saturation near marginal stability. The wave is identified as a shear-polarized global Alfv\'en eigenmode excited by Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance with fast ions with sub-Alfv\'enic energetic ions, a first in fusion research plasmas.
A Systematic Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: We Still Know Too Little about Them, but What We Do Know Makes Persistent Investigation Worthwhile.

(1) Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is estimated to be the cause of a major number of deaths by 2050 if we do not find strategies to slow down the rise of drug resistance. Reviews on Mediterranean wild edible plants (MWEPs) with antimicrobial properties are scarce in the main databases (PubMed, Scopus, and WoS). Hence, we proceeded to conduct a new review of the studies on MWEPs. (2) Methods: We used ‘wild edible plant’ and ‘antimicrobial’ as keywords. Within this group, exclusion criteria were reviews, studies concerning non-Mediterranean plants or non-edible plants, studies on topics other than plants or containing no description of antimicrobial properties, or off-topic studies. (3) Results: Finally, out of the one hundred and ninety-two studies we had started with, we reviewed thirty-eight (19.8%) studies concerning the antimicrobial properties of seventy-four MWEPs species belonging to twenty-five Families. Fifty-seven (77%) species out of seventy-four proved to be antimicrobial, with a stringent threshold selection. (4) Conclusions: Studies are still very heterogeneous. We still know too little about MWEPs’ properties; however, what we already know strongly recommends carrying on investigation.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Restructuring on Surgical Volume and Outcomes of Non-COVID Patients Undergoing Surgery.

Objectives COVID-19 has caused significant surgical delays as institutions minimize patient exposure to hospital settings and utilization of health care resources. We aimed to assess changes in surgical case mix and outcomes due to restructuring during the pandemic. Methods Patients undergoing surgery at a single tertiary care institution in the Deep South were identified using institutional ACS-NSQIP data. Primary outcome was case mix. Secondary outcomes were post-operative complications. Chi-square, ANOVA, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to compare the control (pre-COVID, Mar 2018-Mar 2020) and case (during COVID, Mar 2020-Mar 2021) groups. Results Overall, there were 6912 patients (control: 4,800 and case: 2112). Patients were 70% white, 29% black, 60% female, and 39% privately insured. Mean BMI was 30.2 (SD = 7.7) with mean age of 58.3 years (SD = 14.8). Most surgeries were with general surgery (48%), inpatient (68%), and elective (83%). On multivariable logistic regression, patients undergoing surgery during the pandemic were more likely to be male (OR: 1.14) and in SIRS (OR: 2.07) or sepsis (OR: 2.28) at the time of surgery. Patients were less likely to have dyspnea with moderate exertion (OR: .75) and were less dependent on others (partially dependent OR: .49 and totally dependent OR: .15). Surgeries were more likely to be outpatient (OR: 1.15) and with neurosurgery (OR: 1.19). On bivariate analysis, there were no differences in post-operative outcomes. Conclusion Surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic were more often outpatient without differences in post-operative outcomes. Additional analysis is needed to determine the impact of duration of operative delay on surgical outcomes with restructuring focusing more on outpatient surgeries.
An Overview of AXIOM

Welcome to the AXIOM environment for interactive computation and problem solving. Consider this chapter a brief, whirlwind tour of the AXIOM world. We introduce you to AXIOM’S graphics and the AXIOM language. Then we give a sampling of the large variety of facilities in the AXIOM system, ranging from the various kinds of numbers, to data types (like lists, arrays, and sets) and mathematical objects (like matrices, integrals, and differential equations). We conclude with the discussion of system commands and an interactive “undo.”
Proposing the Hedonic Affect Model (HAM) to Explain how Stimuli and Performance Expectations Predict Affect in Individual and Group Hedonic Systems Use

Hedonic systems represent a multibillion-dollar industry and play an important role in how people recreate, socialize, and even conduct business. A key goal of hedonic system design is to promote positive affectâ, a variable known to influence cognitive beliefs, trust, disclosure, adoption, and purchase intentions. Yet, little research has identified or explained how stimuli from design features lead to positive affect in hedonic systems. This article introduces a new theoretical model, the Hedonic Affect Model (HAM), which is a comprehensive and generalizable model explaining the causes of positive and negative affect in a hedonic software context. HAM outlines three stages that provide an explanation of how stimuli lead to positive affect in hedonic contexts. In stage 1, HAM specifies group and individual interaction inputs that are likely to play a role in users' hedonic evaluations of a system. Stage 2 explains how the interaction inputs and intrinsic motivation influence hedonic performance perceptions. Stage 3 explains how performance expectations and perceived performance lead to a positive disconfirmation and influence users' affect.
ASXL2 Regulates Glucose, Lipid, and Skeletal Homeostasis

ASXL2 regulates glucose homeostasis,adipogenesis, and osteoclastdifferentiation by activating PPARg.Izawa et al. ﬁnd that ASXL2-deﬁcientmice are insulin resistant, lipodystrophic,and osteopetrotic. ASXL2 promotesosteoclast formation in a Fos-dependentmanner independent of PGC-1b. ASXL2enhances osteoclast mitochondrialbiogenesis in a process mediated byPGC-1b but independent of c-Fos.
Effect of Plating Technique on Periosteal Vasculature of the Radius in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study

Objective To (1) evaluate the normal extraosseous blood supply of the cranial aspect of the canine radius and (2) to compare the effects of minimally invasive (MIPO) and open plating technique on its preservation. Study Design Experimental cadaveric study. Sample Population Adult canine thoracic limbs (n = 36) obtained from cadavers weighing 25–35 kg. Methods Twelve unpaired limbs were used to study the normal extraosseous blood supply. Each limb was injected with blue latex and India ink, and then underwent microdissection. Twelve paired limbs were used to study the effects of the 2 surgical plating techniques. On each of the paired radii, either MIPO or open plating was performed. After surgery, limbs were prepared and injected using the same methodology as the normal limbs. The dorsal surface of the radius was divided into 4 zones. Extravasation and periosteal filling were scored and the results were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; significance was set at P < .05. Results The topography of the vasculature on the cranial aspect of the radius consisted of a complex network of periosteal vessels originating from the median, radial, caudal interosseous, and cranial interosseous arteries. Open plating caused significantly greater extravasation than MIPO (P = .0003). For each zone the MIPO group had significantly greater periosteal filling compared to those in the open plating group. Conclusions In this cadaveric model, based on the superior periosteal filling and vascular integrity, MIPO disrupted less periosteal vasculature of the canine radius than open plating.
Stimulating minds to wander

Springing from memory and imagination, mind wandering is a mental state occupying as much as half of our waking life, involving a shift of attention away from the external environment and toward task-unrelated concerns (1). Although mind wandering may play an important role in planning and creativity (2, 3), it is also widely associated with negative mood and degraded performance on measures of vigilance, working memory, fluid intelligence, and reading comprehension (4, 5). The intrinsically subjective and spontaneous nature of mind wandering has made it difficult to investigate with direct experimental manipulations (6). Researchers have used various approaches to do so indirectly, by altering related factors such as mood, motivation, the amount of time spent on a task, or cognitive load (7, 8). However, these factors may influence various cognitive processes besides mind wandering. Moreover, these approaches do not directly implicate underlying neural mechanisms of mind wandering. In contrast, Axelrod et al. (9) demonstrate that mind wandering can be increased by direct experimental manipulation of brain activity using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The article by Axelrod et al. thus marks a new era for research into mind wandering and previews some of the insights that continued methodological advances will likely make possible.
Imagining and Managing Organizational Evil

In this chapter, we argue that organizational evil (OE) is, at the same time, a fundamentally nonsensical idea and a concern of real importance for those studying or leading organizations. Nonsensical, we believe, because the senses in which the expression “organizational evil” is typically used — to describe a property or characteristic of organizations generally or a form of conduct perpetrated by particular organizations — do not correspond in any meaningful way to actual social or natural phenomena. Genuinely important, however, because the use of the language is subjectively meaningful, and therefore consequential and actionable for a wide range of actors in (and concerned with) organizations. The chapter is organized into three major sections. First, we make the case that, because organizations and evil are both quintessentially social facts (see Searle, 1995) with no existence independent of their social context, the common ways of speaking about organizational evil as a thing in-and-of-itself (i.e., existing independently of the volition and actions of individuals) are largely nonsensical. Yet organizational evil understood as a contextually contingent, functional social construct is, in fact, a socially meaningful concept. Next, we explore how that understanding helps us to make sense of the very real ways in which scholars, managers, and laypeople respond to acts and actors that seem so egregiously bad as to be morally incomprehensible. Developing a typology of expressive as well as instrumental reactions to perceived evil acts and actors associated with organizations allows us to categorize some familiar historical cases and to see how certain types of reactions can have either destructive or constructive consequences. Finally, we conclude by noting paradoxically that so-called organizational evil, if properly understood, may (if also properly managed or accommodated) be functionally beneficial, serving to promote constructive moral vigilance and correction among an organization’s members and other stakeholders. We offer as both tentative prescription and research hypothesis the central claim that the ordinary practical ethical reasoning employed by nonsociopaths in their daily life provides a firm underlying basis for the prevention, detection, and correction of actions that would be regarded as organizational evil. This can fruitfully be nurtured by organizations’ leaders, with any tradeoffs of individual ethical empowerment against efficiency and obedience adapted to the circumstances of specific organizations and tasks. Moreover, because ethical reasoning is a learned skill, it can also be further developed in specific organizational environments and task contexts and for specific members of organizations, in appropriate degrees.
Translating the Sex and Gender Continuums in Mental Health: A Transfeminist Approach to Client and Clinician Fears

This paper expounds on the training developed for the GLAP Trans Symposium by Shannon Sennott and Tones Smith. This article addresses the stigmatization and pathologization of trans- and gender-nonconforming people by medical providers and therapists (Sennott, 2011). It is intended to aid in the development of personal best practices for clinicians who work with trans- and gender-nonconforming individuals. The authors introduce the transfeminist therapeutic approach, the Identity Continuums, the Transfeminist Qualitative Assessment Tool (TQAT) (Sennott, 2011), and the Allyship Practice Model (APM) (Sennott, 2011). The article explores countertransference, fears, and concerns of clinicians who provide physical and mental health services to differently gendered people. It also examines transphobia, misogyny, and homophobia, which can create barriers in a therapeutic relationship.
On-chip spectrum analyzer for built-in testing analog ICs

An on-chip spectrum analyzer using switched-capacitor techniques is described. This system is used for built-in testing analog circuits. The main property of the proposed architecture is its inherent synchronization, which facilitates the testing task saving time, power and silicon area. Simulations and breadboard results are presented in order to verify the main principles. The resolution of the on-chip spectrum analyzer is limited to 8 bits.
Electron and ion currents relevant to accurate current integration in MeV ion backscattering spectrometry

Abstract The magnitude and characteristics of the currents which flow in the target and the chamber of MeV ion backscattering spectrometer are examined. Measured energy distributions and the magnitude of high-energy secondary electron currents are reported. An empirical universal curve is shown to fit the energy distribution of secondary electrons for several combinations of ion energy, targets and ion species. The magnitude of tertiary electron currents which arise at the vacuum vessel walls is determined for various experimental situations and is shown to be non-negligible is many cases. An experimental arrangement is described which permits charge integration to 1% accuracy without restricting access to the target as a Faraday cage does.
Dynamic Epitope Expression from Static Cytometry Data: Principles and Reproducibility

Background An imprecise quantitative sense for the oscillating levels of proteins and their modifications, interactions, and translocations as a function of the cell cycle is fundamentally important for a cartoon/narrative understanding for how the cell cycle works. Mathematical modeling of the same cartoon/narrative models would be greatly enhanced by an open-ended methodology providing precise quantification of many proteins and their modifications, etc. Here we present methodology that fulfills these features. Methodology Multiparametric flow cytometry was performed on Molt4 cells to measure cyclins A2 and B1, phospho-S10-histone H3, DNA content, and light scatter (cell size). The resulting 5 dimensional data were analyzed as a series of bivariate plots to isolate the data as segments of an N-dimensional “worm” through the data space. Sequential, unidirectional regions of the data were used to assemble expression profiles for each parameter as a function of cell frequency. Results Analysis of synthesized data in which the true values where known validated the approach. Triplicate experiments demonstrated exceptional reproducibility. Comparison of three triplicate experiments stained by two methods (single cyclin or dual cyclin measurements with common DNA and phospho-histone H3 measurements) supported the feasibility of combining an unlimited number of epitopes through this methodology. The sequential degradations of cyclin A2 followed by cyclin B1 followed by de-phosphorylation of histone H3 were precisely mapped. Finally, a two phase expression rate during interphase for each cyclin was robustly identified. Conclusions Very precise, correlated expression profiles for important cell cycle regulating and regulated proteins and their modifications can be produced, limited only by the number of available high-quality antibodies. These profiles can be assembled into large information libraries for calibration and validation of mathematical models.