cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A procedure for the establishment of Glomus mosseae in dual culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots

A stepwise procedure was investigated to determine the optimal conditions for the establishment of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe in dual in vitro culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of Daucus carota L. Glomus mosseae spores germinated best in 10 mm Tris or MES-buffered medium at pH values just above neutral. Growth of hyphae from germinated spores was much greater in the presence of Tris than MES, eg. 8 mm versus 4 mm per spore for Tris and MES, respectively, at pH 7.2. Roots exhibited a broad pH optimum for growth of 6.0–7.0 in both MES and Tris, but did not grow well above pH 7.5. In addition, purified gelling agent, gellan gum, was utilized to lower the P concentration of media. With these factors combined, mycorrhizas were successfully established in 14% of dual cultures.
Convergent Validity of a Brief Self-reported Physical Activity Questionnaire.

ABSTRACTPurposeThe objective of this study is to determine whether summary estimates of a self-report physical activity questionnaire that does not specifically assess frequency or duration (the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) physical activity history (PAH)) differs from t
Speechreading with reduced vision: a problem of aging

Presbycusis, a progressive loss of hearing in the elderly, causes people to become dependent on vision for understanding spoken language at the same time that visual disorders of aging compromise their vision. This combination of sensory losses disrupts the lives of millions of elderly Americans but remains virtually unstudied. We tested the ability of hearing and hearing-impaired adults to understand sentences spoken by an actress without sound. She was seen through various amounts of dioptric blur. Both young and elderly adults were relatively unaffected by as much as 4 D of blur. They quickly adjusted to new levels of blur, showing improved performance within a few minutes. Ocular pathologies altered the effect of blur on speechreading.
Experiments in preserving and revitalizing pine, onion, and okra seeds

In view of the somewhat contradictory reports on the preservation of seeds at low temperatures (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11) and the agricultural importance of seed preservation and revitalization, the following study on seed preservation and revitalization was undertaken. This study, started in 1954, was designed to explore general conditions for preserving seeds of long leaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) which are extremely sensitive to adverse storage conditions; to increase germinability by breaking dormancy; and to revitalize aged seeds. The idea for the preservation of seeds was to apply Kaloyereas' dehydrofreezing method (6) on pine seeds, and his starch phosphate treatment against rancidity (7) on onion and okra seeds. For restoring loss of viability of aged seeds various treatments were tried, among which ultrasonic treatment and soaking in extracts from fresh seeds or pollen were more extensively used. In the application of dehydrofreezing method to seed preservation the correlation between the moisture content of the seeds and the preservation of their viability had to be investigated.
In vitro studies on the uptake and incorporation of natural amino acids in rabbit choroid plexus

Abstract Isolated rabbit choroid plexus was incubated aerobically at 37 °C in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) medium containing 1 mg/ml glucose and trace amounts of [14C]leucine. The uptake of leucine occurred against a concentration gradient, was saturable, energy dependent and inhibited by natural amino acids. Of the total amount accumulated after 1 h, in the presence of trace levels of [14C]leucine, approximately 80% of the leucine was found to be in the bound form. A similar free to bound distribution was observed for isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and proline. Classic inhibitors of cytoplasmic protein synthesis inhibited the incorporation of leucine into protein but did not prevent [14C]leucine from being actively taken up into the choroid plexus tissue water. Our in vitro studies on leucine uptake are in general agreement with previous in vivo data and help support the view that the choroid plexus plays a role in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral amino acids.
Differentiation of Salmonella strains from the SARA, SARB and SARC reference collections by using three genes PCR-RFLP and the 2100 Agilent Bioanalyzer

Rapid molecular typing methods are important tools in surveillance and outbreak investigations of human Salmonella infections. Here we described the development of a three-genes PCR-RFLP typing method for the differentiation of Salmonella species, subspecies and serovars using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The fliC, gnd and mutS genes were PCR-amplified in 160 Salmonella strains representing the two Salmonella species, six subspecies and 41 different serovars of S. enterica subspecies enterica. PCR products were individually cut with two different restriction enzymes and the resulting 930 restriction patterns were collected using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer followed by cluster analysis. Both species of Salmonella were differentiated by conventional PCR. All of S. bongori tested were gnd PCR negative due to a mismatch at the 3’-end in one the PCR primers. Salmonella subspecies were differentiated into third-teen homogeneous groups representing each of the six subspecies by cluster analysis of restriction patterns generated from the mutS gene cut with AciI. S. enterica subspecies enterica serovars were further differentiated by the combination of the three target genes and five out the six sets of restriction patterns with a discriminatory power of 0.9725 by cluster analysis. The combined RFLP results of five sets of restriction patterns allowed us to assign each of the 160 strains to one of 128 restriction types. During inoculation studies we were able to identify S. Saintpaul and Typhimurium from 24 hour pre-enrichment samples using the described method. The use of fliC, gnd and mutS PCR-RFLP with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer can provide an accessible and automated alternative method for differentiation of Salmonella pathogens.
THE QUEST FOR COMPETENCE, CONFIDENCE, AND CERTIFICATION: MENTORS AND PEERS IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE EDUCATION

Industrial hygiene work experiences that promote technical competence, professional confidence, and eventual certification are not easily obtained by novices. Industrial hygiene mentor and peer relationships can facilitate finding work experiences as well as reduce the shock of entry into the profession by supporting, coaching, and providing guidance to novices. Established industrial hygienists who take on the responsibility of mentor-based teaching must recognize it as a bona fide method of adult education in need of both personal preparation and understanding. Employers and industrial hygiene professional organizations play important peer roles in nurturing talent, instilling professional values, developing professional competence, and encouraging individual growth and confidence in the early career years and throughout life. Finally, individual industrial hygienists need to be proactive and take responsibility for their own continued professional development.
Catalase in sulfide- and methane-dependent macrofauna from petroleum seeps

Vesicomyid and lucinid clams and tubeworms from Gulf of Mexico petroleum seeps, all of which bear symbiotic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, have much lower catalase activities than shallow-water species lacking symbionts. A petroleum seep mussel bearing methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual in having catalase activities as high as shallow-water bivalves. Unlike sulfide-dependent meiofauna from shallow-water marine sands, catalase from all petroleum seep species was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
Thermal response of radiantly heated spinning spacecraft booms

This article describes a study of the thermal response of radiantly heated spacecraft booms spinning about their principal axis. Thermally induced structural disturbances occur as the result of uneven solar heating and can reduce the pointing accuracy of a spin-stabilized spacecraft and in extreme cases affect the stability of the entire vehicle. The thermal response of radiantly heated spinning circular cross-sectional tubes is investigated using analytical, computational, and experimental approaches. An approximate analytical solution for the transient thermal response is presented. A finite element formulation is developed to evaluate the effects of natural convection, internal radiation, and temperature-dependent material properties on the thermal response. An experimental program undertaken to validate the analytical and computational models is described. The results of laboratory experiments conducted in the atmosphere are presented for a range of tube spin rates. Predictions from finite element analysis correlate well with experimental data and verify important aspects of spinning tube thermal behavior. Key aspects of the thermal behavior of radiantly heated spinning tubes are identified as 1) the independence of the tube average temperature of spin rate, 2) a decrease in the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures around the tube circumference with increasing spin rate, and 3) a shift in the steady-state temperature distribution in the direction of tube rotation.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF RUMINATION USING FIXED‐TIME DELIVERY OF A FLAVOR SPRAY

A functional analysis suggested that rumination exhibited by an adult with autism was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Next, a preference assessment with three flavor sprays (i.e., flavored sprays used by dieters) showed that apple pie spray was most preferred. Finally, the effects of fixed-time delivery of the apple pie spray on levels of rumination were evaluated. The spray reduced rumination, and the participant was taught to self-administer the spray.
Sensor/Actuator Asymmetries in Telemanipulators: Implications of Partial Force Feedback

For many telemanipulators, it is often impractical to provide the same number of degrees of freedom for position control at the slave and force feedback to the master. Sensor/actuator asymmetries in telemanipulators are created when the user is able to position the telemanipulator in more degrees of freedom then the telemanipulator can provide force feedback. Most commonly, teleoperator asymmetries arise from the lack of an actuator on the master manip ulator or the lack of a sensor on the slave manipulator. While examples of systems containing asymmetries are numerous, telemanipulator asymmetries’ effect on operator performance and controller design have not been thoroughly examined. We present the necessary dynamic models of sensor/actuator asymmetries in telemanipulators. Using motivating examples and common passivity conditions, we show how these asymmetries cause “passive” control structures to be non-passive. More generally, asymmetries demonstrate challenges in creating practical, force-reflecting telemanipulators.
Detection of Salmonella Strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feces of Small Ruminants and Their Isolation with Various Media

Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected in 17 and 5 small ruminants in Virginia, respectively, of 287 tested. Background microflora interfered with the fecal analysis. The combination of Salmonella enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detection and xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar isolation was satisfactory. Modifying enrichment to a 1:100 dilution enabled effective E. coli O157:H7 detection by EIA and isolation by sorbitol-MacConkey agar with cefixime-tellurite.
mRx: A CSCL Decision-Making Environment

In this paper, we present the architecture of an online collaborative decision making learning environment, the mRx. The goal of this prototype is to present a simple; yet, reasoned and systematic, tool to help members of the natural resources community to collaboratively negotiate decisions for prescribed burns. The architecture of the mRx has been designed by mapping key learning strategies to technological affordances that support these strategies. Initial user testing indicates that learners and professionals find the tool useful in gaining insights into different perspectives and, thereby, creating a more reasoned and inclusive decision to burn.
The process of infection with bacteriophage φX174. XXXI. Abortive Infection at Low Temperatures

The infection of Escherichia coli by φX174 at 15 °C is abortive; the cells are killed by the infection but neither mature phage nor SS-DNA are synthesized. Parental RF is formed and subsequently replicated at 15 °C. The RF made at 15 °C shows normal infectivity and competence as a precursor to progeny SS-DNA after an increase in temperature to 37 °C. Some 200 phage equivalents of serum blocking power are synthesized also during 12 hours of infection at 15 °C. The addition of chloramphenicol to 100 μg/ml. to abortively infected cells late in the infection at 15 °C does not block the subsequent maturation of infectious virus following an increase in temperature to 37 °C. The data suggest that, given an adequate pool of the essential proteins and the precursor RF, the concomitant synthesis of protein is not required for the synthesis of SS-DNA or for phage maturation. It is concluded that all of the proteins required for SS-DNA synthesis and phage maturation are present in the abortive infection at 15 °C. Temperature “shift-up” experiments (from 15 up to 41 °C) performed with temperature-sensitive mutants of φX174 and carried out in the presence of chloramphenicol as just described further demonstrate that the proteins coded by φX174 cistrons II, III, IV, V and VII are synthesized at 15 °C and probably adopt their native conformation at this low temperature. The proteins coded by several φX174 strains mutant in cistrons II, III, IV and VII are shown to be functional at 41 °C, when synthesized at 15 °C, although they are inactive when synthesized at 41 °C. These experiments indicate that the majority of ts mutations impose their restriction during the folding of the nascent polypeptide into the native conformation. Three possible causes are suggested for the abortive infection at 15 °C. (a) A virus-coded protein whose role is essential to the infection is made at 15 °C and assumes its native conformation but its rate of activity is too slow at this temperature to sustain the infection process. (b) Virus maturation may involve the formation of a DNA-protein complex and conformational changes which have an energy threshold infrequently reached at 15 °C. (c) A host-coded protein present in uninfected cells, and whose activity is essential to the infection at all temperatures but not to the host at 15 °C, is inactive at 15 °C. An hypothesis of this type is offered which proposes that the temperature-limiting factor in SS-DNA synthesis in vivo may reflect a temperature-dependent property of the host DNA polymerase. The low temperature threshold for SS-DNA synthesis and phage maturation in infected cells is close to 17 °C.
Speaking Ebonics in a Professional Context: The Role of Ethos/Source Credibility and Perceived Sociability of the Speaker

Within a theoretical context of speech accommodation theory, this study follows Lambert et al.’s (1960) “matched-guise” technique. Seventy-two African-American students at a mid-south university listened to and evaluated a tape-recorded excerpt of a speech given by Jesse Jackson at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. The first version of the speech was translated into Ebonics. After students listened to the first four-minute speech in Ebonics, students then proceeded to answer a questionnaire concerning the ethos/source credibility and perceived sociability of the speaker. Next, students listened to the same audiotaped speech (given by the same speaker), except the text of the speech was translated (and subsequently delivered) in Standard English. The students then rated this second speaker on those same ethos/source credibility and sociability scales. The speaker who used Standard English was viewed as more credible (i.e., more competent and having a strong character) and sociable than the Ebonics speaker. Both of these scores were significant at the p .05 level. Future research replicating these results is urged across other African-American samples.
Sinusoidal component selection based on partial loudness criteria

Sinusoidal models are widely used in parametric speech and audio coding schemes. A common requirement in these applications is to select only a subset of components that provide the greatest perceptual benefit particularly at low bitrates. Usually, perceptual sinusoidal component selection algorithms make use of greedy algorithms that are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that selects sinusoidal components based on the partial loudness model proposed by Moore & Glasberg. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of perceptual benefit and computational complexity to other existing sinusoidal selection algorithms.
Bacillus subtilis Genome Diversity

Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (M-CGH) is a powerful method for rapidly identifying regions of genome diversity among closely related organisms. We used M-CGH to examine the genome diversity of 17 strains belonging to the nonpathogenic species Bacillus subtilis. Our M-CGH results indicate that there is considerable genetic heterogeneity among members of this species; nearly one-third of Bsu168-specific genes exhibited variability, as measured by the microarray hybridization intensities. The variable loci include those encoding proteins involved in antibiotic production, cell wall synthesis, sporulation, and germination. The diversity in these genes may reflect this organism's ability to survive in diverse natural settings.
Fast switched-beam beamforming for optimal selection combining in frequency selective fading CDMA channels

In previous work we emphasized the advantages of using a fast switched multibeam antenna for channel estimation in multipath Rayleigh flat-fading code division multiple access (CDMA) communication channels. In this paper we investigate the benefits of designing fast switched-beam antenna systems that maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SNIR) of the desired user, when the signals are subject to frequency selective fading. The diversity offered by multipath propagation is exploited using selection combining. The aim is to, given a set of predetermined beam patters, select the chip rate switching beam sequence that will maximize the signal strength of the desired user, while minimize the interference from all other users.
Analysis of small broadband flare antennas by an improved FD-TD method

Input impedance, current distribution, and radiation pattern for a small broadband flare antenna are numerically analyzed by an improved finite-difference-time-domain (FD-TD) method. This method is best suited for treating the curvilinear metal boundaries. The selected small flare antennas with appropriate shapes and a size of about 9 cm show a good broadband performance. The results also show that the input impedance is between 150-450 Omega in a wide-frequency range, and that the radiation patterns are similar for the frequencies in the 5-12 GHz range. >
Creating Context With Prebriefing: A Case Example Using Simulation

Background: Educational advantages of simulation have been widely reported. Pre-briefing and debriefing support simulation methods. However, few detailed accounts of how the learning activities surrounding simulation are implemented exist. Objectives: This case example provides a detailed description of learning activities surrounding a simulation experience with a deteriorating cardiac patient. The educational sequence integrates Benner et al. ’s goals for transforming nursing education. The study objectives were to design and evaluate an educational sequence using narrative, games, and simulation to teach students how to manage and anticipate the care of a deteriorating patient. Design: A case example with descriptive quantitative and qualitative evaluation is presented. Setting: The study took place on multiple days in a university simulation laboratory. Participants: All study participants (n = 43) were senior students enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Nursing program. Methods: Students experienced an educational sequence and then rated and ranked educational activities. Results are reported with descriptive statistics. Students and faculty responded to the question, “What will you take from this experience?” Their responses were evaluated using constant comparison and expert review for themes. Results: Students identified ‘knowing how’, ‘increasing confidence’ and ‘understanding roles’ as what they took from the experience. Students ranked the simulation itself as the most helpful. Conclusions: Incorporating Benner et al .’s transformational educational goals informed the educational sequence and engaged students in the learning experience. This paper adds uniquely to the nursing literature by providing detailed accounts of the activities surrounding simulation that support student learning in multiple domains.
Estimating graph distance and centrality on shared nothing architectures

We present a parallel toolkit for pairwise distance computation in massive networks. Computing the exact shortest paths between a large number of vertices is a costly operation, and serial algorithms are not practical for billion-scale graphs. We first describe an efficient parallel method to solve the single source shortest path problem on commodity hardware with no shared memory. Using it as a building block, we introduce a new parallel algorithm to estimate the shortest paths between arbitrary pairs of vertices. Our method exploits data locality, produces highly accurate results, and allows batch computation of shortest paths with 7% average error in graphs that contain billions of edges. The proposed algorithm is up to two orders of magnitude faster than previously suggested algorithms and does not require large amounts of memory or expensive high-end servers. We further leverage this method to estimate the closeness and betweenness centrality metrics, which involve systems challenges dealing with indexing, joining, and comparing large datasets efficiently. In one experiment, we mined a real-world Web graph with 700 million nodes and 12 billion edges to identify the most central vertices and calculated more than 63 billion shortest paths in 6h on a 20-node commodity cluster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Justification of the T-matrix approach

The widely used in practice T-matrix approach in scattering theory is justified in this paper: its convergence is proved.
The Judgment of Future Suicide-Related Behavior Helpline Counselors' Accuracy and Agreement

Background: Judging whether a youth is at risk for suicide-related behavior (SRB) is considered an extremely challenging task. There are only few studies of helpline counselors, and little is known about their ability to accurately determine the level of risk for SRB. Aims: To examine whether helpline counselors can agree on judgments of risk for SRB, and whether their judgments are consistent with youths' actual behavior in a 6-month period following intake. Methods: 34 helpline counselors, recruited from three helplines, were studied. Information was collected on their judgments of risk for SRB for each of 45 youths over a 6-month period following initial intake. Results: Contrary to expectations, the counselors had a high rate of agreement (k = .56), and their risk judgments could be used quite successfully (80.0% correct classification) in identifying youths who later engaged in SRB. Conclusions: Unlike most other groups represented in the decision-making literature, helpline counselors agree and are accurate in their judgments of risk for SRB. Our findings suggest that it might be beneficial to apply some of the procedures used to train helpline clinicians to other types of clinicians. Further studies of helpline clinicians are suggested.
Gender construction and the female impersonator: The process of transforming “he” to “she”

Traditional definitions of gender focused on static, discreet, categorical distinctions that were assumed to be products of sex. These formulations, however, have inhibited the understanding of the relationship between gender and social structure. This paper examines the social construction of gender by focusing on how professional female impersonators transform themselves from man to woman. Relying on interviews with 10 professional female impersonators, the dynamic process of creating and publicly presenting a “deviant” gender performance is explored. Successful constructions of feminine genders necessitate that individuals transform themselves both physically and socially. Physical transformations are cosmetic modifications of one's face and body coupled with sex‐typed attire and accessories that create visual images suggesting membership in a female sex class. Social transformations include adopting the mannerisms, actions, and interactional roles accorded feminine members of society. Because female i...
An investigation of photoassisted diffusion of oxygen in solid C60 films using resonant alpha-scattering

The interaction of molecular oxygen with thin C60 films was investigated using the 3.04 MeV resonance in the 16O(α, α)16O elastic scattering reaction to measure the concentration profile of oxygen in the fullerene films. A thin (d ≍ 20 nm) layer containing oxygen was observed on the surface of C60 films (d ≍ 200 nm) exposed to ∼1 atm of O2 for 1 h in the absence of light. In contrast, oxygen was uniformly distributed throughout the entire film when samples were irradiated for 1 h with either a 488 nm Ar ion laser or Xe lamp in the presence of ∼1 atm of O2. This O2 uptake was found to be both power dependent and reversible.
The role of fusion for painful lumbardegenerative disk disease and lower back pain

Abstract Low back pain is a very common medical problem with a prevalence of 60% to 80% in the population. It constitutes amajor source of morbidity for the population and results in significant economic impact because of expense from lost work days as well as health care cost. The role of surgical arthrodesis for treatment of low back pain is discussed regarding indications for surgery and procedures used.
Bridges and barriers in behavioral consultation

Over the last decade, consultation has been increasingly recognized as an important role psychologists play in the schools. Although barriers to consultation have been investigated in the past, the changing tenor of the field of school psychology and changes in federal law may have modified the extent to which psychologists face barriers to indirect service delivery. The current study attempted to identify sources of support for consultation and barriers to this service delivery model. Responses to a consultation survey were analyzed for 339 members of the National Association of School Psychologist (NASP) using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. The majority of respondents reported that they were qualified to provide consultation services and that they received support from administrators and teachers. However, a lack of time and number of traditional assessments respondents were expected to complete continued to represent a major barrier to consultation. Interestingly, doctoral level psychologists were more likely to report a lack of support for consultation, both in terms of time and support from school personnel. The relevance of these findings in relation to changes in IDEA were discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leadership Practices of School Counselors and Counseling Program Implementation.

Leadership is recently touted as a necessary skill for school counselors and as a means of aligning their work more intentionally with school improvement goals. By using leadership practices, school counselors can implement a program that addresses the academic, career, and personal-social needs of all students. This article outlines a large-scale study examining the relationship between school counseling program implementation and school counselor leadership practices. Implications and recommendations for school administrators are also discussed.
A compiler for multiprocessor DSP implementation

McDAS, a software environment designed to support the real-time implementation of digital signal processing (DSP) applications onto multiple processors, is described. Users program their algorithms as they would on a single processor, and McDAS automatically schedules and compiles the program onto the target multiprocessor. The scheduler maximizes the computational throughput by simultaneously considering pipelining, retiming, and parallelism while accounting for processor and memory constraints, as well as interprocessor communication delays. If the architecture is scalable or configurable, the scheduler can be invoked with different numbers of processors and multiprocessor topologies to explore various implementations. The code generator is similarly retargetable to different memory architectures and core processors. Data buffers and synchronizations are automatically inserted to ensure correct execution. The code generated can also execute the algorithms with either quasi-infinite precision or bit-true precision, allowing the algorithm designer to assess the effects of quantization and truncation. The results on a set of benchmarks are presented. >
Historical Changes in the Forests of the Luce District of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan

Abstract General Land Office (GLO) survey notes (1840–1856), current land cover generated from Landsat TM Imagery (1991) and the Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (1991–1992, US Forest Service) were used to examine changes in forests of the Luce District in Upper Michigan over the past 150 y. Historical changes in two subdistricts, Grand Marais and Seney, were also analyzed. Interpretation of GLO notes showed that the presettlement landscape was a mixed conifer matrix (39% of total area), interspersed primarily with northern hardwoods (29%), wetlands (14%) and fire-susceptible pinelands (13%). Estimates of pre-European settlement stand density ranged from 81 trees/ha in open lands to 408 trees/ha in northern white cedar stands (Thuja occidentalis), and estimates of basal area ranged from 3.5 m2/ha in wetlands to 27.7 m2/ha in mixed hardwood/conifer forests. Notable changes in species composition over the last 150 y are the increase of red maple (Acer rubrum; +14%) and the decline of tamarack (Larix lari...
Identification and Location of Testes in the Invasive Channa argus Cantor (Northern Snakehead)

Abstract Channa argus (Northern Snakehead) has been established in the Potomac River since at least 2004. Although ovaries of females have previously been discovered, to date, no testes had been confirmed in males from the Potomac River or any other North American waterbody. Dissection of individual Northern Snakeheads and subsequent histology confirmed discovery of testes in males taken from Quantico Creek, VA. Our discussion includes implications of this finding and methods for properly dissecting males to find testes.
Adoption of the Gold Standard and Real Exchange Rates in the Core and Periphery, 1870–1913

In this paper I estimate the speed of adjustment to shocks to real effective exchange rates (REERs) during the gold standard years. Adoption of the gold standard by the United States in 1879 resulted in all four core countries (France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States) being fully committed to gold. I use the concept of half-life (HL) to measure the time it takes for a deviation from purchasing power parity (PPP) to dissipate by 50%. Relative to the years 1870–1913, between 1880 and 1913 the half-lives of REERs in core countries decrease from between 4.4 and 5.2 years to between 3.1 and 3.4 years, with similar declines across dynamic panels. Combined with evidence elsewhere that interest rates adjusted quickly, the evidence herein suggests that adjustment in goods markets was faster following adoption of the gold standard.
Tellurium-rich growth and laser fabrication of lead-tin-telluride (Pb 1-x Sn x Te: 0.06<x<0.08)

Single crystals of Pb1−x Snx Te (0.06<x<0.08) have been grown by using an ingot-nucleation technique from a Te-rich source. The as-grown crystals have a p-type carrier concentration around 1019 cm−3 and dislocation density as low as 103 cm−2. Diode lasers fabricated from these crystals have contact resistances of 2×10−5 Ω-cm2 and a single-mode single-ended output power of 750 μW at heat sink temperatures around 15 K.
Abstract 4111: SDF1/CXCR4 regulates stiffness of bone marrow stromal cell through RhoA and Rac1 GTPases pathway to support myeloma cell proliferation in multiple myeloma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Abstract As the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM) remains high incurable and relapse owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies that are active in drug resistance and target molecular processes of MM progress are attractive. MM is characterized by bone marrow infiltration of malignant plasma cells. The bone marrow microenvironment is a complex structure of various extracellular components and many cell types including haematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), immune cells, bone marrow endothelial cells, as well as osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently study showed the physical interaction of multiple myeloma cells with BMSCs from patients of multiple myeloma in the bone marrow milieu, provokes a positive feedback loop and results in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. We observed the myeloma BMSCs are much stiffer and more contractile than normal BMSCs. Stiffer hydrogels support colony formation and adhension of MM better than softer hydrogels. These suggested that myeloma BMSCs provide myeloma cell-friendly microenvironments for myeloma cells via exerting biomechanical forces. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to the change of myeloma BMSCs biochemical phenotype, we analyzed myeloma BMSCs and normal BMSCs gene expression profiles. Microarray data analysis demonstrated stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF1) was over expressed in MM BMSCs. In vitro, 100ng/ml SDF1 significantly induced actin polymerization and polarization in MM BMSCs, but not in normal BMSCs. In order to understand how SDF1 regulate BMSCs’ contractile, we conducted reverse phase protein array (RPPA) experiment. Based on RPPA data, we determined RhoA and Rac1 GTPases played important roles in SDF1 induced stiffer of BMSCs. Western blot results also approved SDF1 increased phosphate RhoA and phosphate Rac1 expression level. In conclusion, we characterized the pivotal role of RhoA and Rac1 GTPases in regulating BMSCs stiffness and BMSCs-MM interaction. Targeting biomechanics of BMSCs in myeloma patients, restoring to their normal state would be essential for the long term cure of myeloma, provoking RhoA and Rac1 pathway as novel MM therapy. Citation Format: Dan Wu, Jing Su, Qianqian Song, Xiaobo Zhou. SDF1/CXCR4 regulates stiffness of bone marrow stromal cell through RhoA and Rac1 GTPases pathway to support myeloma cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4111
Parallelisms in Arabic

Parallelism in Arabic is investigated through data from three Arabic varieties: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), Classical Arabic (CA), and (Yemeni) Adeni Arabic (AA). Parallelism in Arabic is examined at different linguistic levels: morphological and lexical, syntactic, and textual. Parallelism seems to be inherent and is more likely in writings that aim to convince or restate theses and topics. However, the occurrence of parallelisms is genre-specific, purpose-oriented, and situation/context-dependent. It is predictable in sermons, public speeches/addresses, and opinion writing. Apparently, parallelism, particularly beyond reduplication and lexical level, triggers resonance in the mind of the listener/reader, retaining the respective information in short term memory and thus marking it for emphasis.
Association of MDR1 gene C3435T and T129C polymorphism in childhood refractory epilepsy

Objective To investigate the association between multi-drug resistant 1(MDR1) gene C3435 T and T129 C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in children. Methods A total of 260 children including 60 refractory epilepsy, 100 drugresponsive epilepsy, and 100 healthy children were enrolled. The genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of the three groups were compared. Results The distribution of TT/TC/CC genotypes and T/C allele frequencies of C3435 T showed no significant difference between drug-resistant patients and drug-responsive patients or normal control group(P0.05). Drug-resistant patients were more likely to have the TC genotype and the C allele at T129 C when compared with the drugresponsive patients and the normal control group(P0.05). Conclusions T129 C polymorphism of the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in children.
Masculinity, Haunting and Twentieth-Century American Realism

In a letter to George Jean Nathan, an early critic of American drama, dated 20 June 1920, Eugene O’Neill dismissed his 1918 one-act ghost play saying, ‘where did you get the idea that I really valued Where the Cross is Made? It was great fun to write, theatrically very thrilling, an amusing experiment in treating the audience as insane — that is all it ever meant to me.’1 The playwright’s words here reveal a double consciousness about the dramatic potential of the ghostly. Ghosts offer thrills, providing the writer with an exciting means to give audiences powerful clues for understanding irrational events — as in O’Neill’s case, where he wished viewers to share his characters’ madness — yet his apology for their use in Cross reveals an insecurity about the convention. Ghosts appeared frequently in the plays of Renaissance England and Classical Athens, but O’Neill’s casual dismissal suggests discomfort at the thought of their appearance on the American professional stage in front of an audience steeped in post-Enlightenment rationality. Despite his misgivings, O’Neill would explore the supernatural in other significant ways throughout his career, and he is one of the first American playwrights to introduce and exploit the dramatic potential of the ghost character and the trope of haunting in twentieth-century American commercial theatre. He used what I call here manifest ghosts — those that can be seen by one or more characters, as well as viewers of the play — once more, in his wildly successful The Emperor Jones, which debuted at the Provincetown Playhouse in 1920.
Analysis of psychiatric referrals and interventions in an oncology population.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To review nurse-generated, inpatient psychiatric referrals to the psychiatric consultation liaison nurse (PCLN) in a comprehensive cancer center. DESIGN Retrospective records review. SETTING National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in the eastern United States. SAMPLE 102 psychiatric referrals/consults from an inpatient adult unit. METHODS Retrospective chart review of all referrals over a one-year period. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Reason for referral, assessment data, and nursing interventions. FINDINGS Five major psychological problems constituted reasons for referrals: depression (31%), anxiety (26%), adjustment disorder (24%), "difficult to care for" (13%), and delirium (6%). Follow-up with a mental health care provider occurred with 84% of the patients. Interventions were directed at patients and staff members together, patients and family members, and staff members only. CONCLUSIONS Oncology nurses are the most consistent observers of patients' emotional responses. A PCLN can facilitate development of necessary skills for identifying and caring for patients at high risk for psychiatric problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Oncology nurses may not always be able to identify specific psychiatric diagnoses, but they are skillful in the recognition of significant psychological distress in patients. Development of the PCLN role can facilitate assessment and intervention in patients needing additional help.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Related Peripheral Neuropathies

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, affecting at least 1 in 2500 individuals. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease represents a heterogeneous collection of disorders of the peripheral nerve. It can be inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked trait, and, in addition, isolated cases occur. The autosomal dominant segregation pattern is the most frequently observed, and recent molecular studies have identified an exciting novel mutational mechanism for this form—the CMT1A duplication. It is intriguing that, for one of the most common dominant disorders affecting humans, there is no mutant gene involved in the majority of cases. Instead, the disease phenotype results from having three copies of a normal non-mutated gene or a gene dosage effect secondary to an inherited or de novo DNA duplication. Furthermore, an intrinsic structural property of the human genome, a repeat sequence (CMT1A-REP) flanking the duplicated region, acts as a substrate for homologous recombination and an unequal crossover event. This recombination between misaligned flanking CMT1A-REP repeats appears to have a sex predilection and to occur preferentially during male gametogenesis. The identification of the CMT1A duplication has potent implications for clinical diagnosis, clinical management with respect to prognosis, counseling regarding recurrence risk, and the rational design of therapy geared at normalizing the levels of gene expression.
Global Solidarity: Learning from Volunteer Frameworks in Peru

This chapter examines a relationship bridged by two frameworks of volunteering: from the South, that of grassroots women’s associations in Peru, and from the North, an international service-learning (ISL) program administered by a university in the United States. We expand on the research which applies Andean reciprocity to the volunteer model associated with international service learning. By analyzing the two volunteer frameworks and their relationship, we ask, how can different institutional forms of volunteering together promote global solidarity? Action research informs our findings and analysis of the frameworks and their contributions toward global solidarity. Our findings suggest that the strengths of each volunteer framework can be enhanced when paired with the other. By combining the best of Andean ayni and international service learning, there is the potential to form relationships of solidarity that can benefit the Southern and Northern volunteers and which may also extend to broader perceptions and relations.
Hierarchical perceptron (HiPer) networks for signal/image classifications

A new class of decision-based neural networks (DBNNs) is introduced. These networks combine the perceptron-like learning rule with a hierarchical nonlinear network structure and are called HiPer nets. Two HiPer net structures are proposed: hidden-node and subcluster structures. The authors explore several variants of HiPer nets based on the different hierarchical structures and basis functions and then examine the relationships between HiPer nets and other DBNNs, e.g., perceptron and LVQ. Based on the simulation performance comparison, the HiPer nets appear to be very effective for many signal/image classification applications, including texture classification, OCR (optical character recognition), and ECG (electrocardiography). >
‘We’ve shared a lifetime with one another’: using reflective visual/verbal journals to develop graduate student relationships

AbstractThe success of graduate students relies on factors beyond mere cognitive ability, with fostering peer and professional relationships as definitive influences on achievement. Research shows that positive faculty/student relationships are a significant factor in the success of graduate students and that art-making is an effective way to encourage the reflective thinking needed to nurture these relationships. In this article, we examine the relationship between arts informed pedagogy, specifically the use of a visual/verbal journal, and the formation of graduate relationships. The majority of the students in this collaborative inquiry entered their doctoral program at the same time the research class began and all engaged in an artfully imagined introduction to qualitative research course.
Characterizing Pharmacogenomic-Guided Medication Use With a Clinical Data Repository

The extent to which pharmacogenomic-guided medication use has been adopted in various health systems is unclear. To assess the uptake of pharmacogenomic-guided medication use, we determined its frequency across our health system, which does not have a structured testing program. Using a multisite clinical data repository, we identified adult patients' first prescribed medications between January 2011 and December 2013 and investigated the frequency of germline and somatic pharmacogenomic testing, by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase level of the US Food and Drug Administration label information. There were 268,262 medication orders for drugs with germline pharmacogenomic testing information in their drug labels. Pharmacogenomic testing was detected for 1.5% (129/8,718) of medication orders with recommended or required testing. Of the 3,817 medication orders associated with somatic pharmacogenomic testing information in their drug labels, 20% (372/1,819) of required tests were detected. The low rates of detectable pharmacogenomic testing suggest that structured testing programs are required to achieve the success of precision medicine.
Reversing the Instrumentality of the Social for the Economic: A Critical Agenda for Twenty-first Century Knowledge Networks

The author identifies a critical juncture in the global economy: the emergence of a new production system pivoting on “open innovation” and knowledge networks that are, however, exclusive in the context of rapidly increasing poverty and socio-economic polarization worldwide. The chapter develops a critical agenda to make use of: (1) theories about (economic) knowledge generation and networks to develop social knowledges by dissolving frictions of difference and constructing an inclusive system of collaborative work; and (2) the market itself to adapt new corporate strategies to social ends in the course of sustaining, if not augmenting, productivity. The chapter envisions a system of mediated crowdsourced project work drawing support from the public and private sectors. Precedents for various components of the agenda exist; the agenda is to imbricate such projects in a holistic approach to achieve social as well as economic change by reconfiguring the values that govern everyday life.