cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based dentistry skill acquisition by second-year dental students.

INTRODUCTION Identification and assessment of Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) outcomes have been elusive. Our objective was to describe EBD skill acquisition during the second (D2) year of pre-doctoral dental education and student competency at the end of the year. METHODS The first and fourth (final) curricular-required EBD Exercises (ie, application of the first 4 steps of the 5-Step evidence-based practice process applied to a real or hypothetical situation) completed by D2 students (n = 151) during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 were evaluated to measure skill acquisition through use of a novel rubric with measures of performance from novice to expert. Exercises were evaluated on the performance for each step, identification of manuscript details and reflective commentary on manuscript components. Changes in performance were evaluated using the chi-square test for trend and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Seventy-eight per cent of students scored competent or higher on the Ask step at the beginning of the D2 year; scores improved with 58% scoring proficient or expert on the fourth Exercise (P < .001). Most students were advanced beginners or higher in the Acquire, Appraise and Apply steps at the beginning of the D2 year, with minimal growth observed during the year. Identification of manuscript details improved between the first and fourth Exercises (P = .015); however, depth of commentary skills did not change. DISCUSSION Unlike previous investigations evaluating EBD knowledge or behaviour in a testing situation, we evaluated skill acquisition using applied Exercises. CONCLUSION Consistent with their clinical and scientific maturity, D2 students minimally performed as advanced beginners at the end of their D2 year.
How Mental Models Encode Embodied Linguistic Perspectives

Humans demonstrate a remarkable ability to take other people’s perspectives. When we watch movies, we fi nd ourselves identifying with the actors, sensing their joys, hopes, fears, and sorrows. As viewers, we can be moved to exhilaration as we watch our heroes overcome obstacles; or we can be moved to tears when they suff er losses and defeats. Th is process of identifi cation does not always have to be linked to intense emotional involvement. At a soccer match, we can follow the movements of a player moving in to shoot for a goal. We can identify with the player’s position, stance, and maneuvers against the challenges off ered by the defenders. We can track the actions, as the player drives toward the goal and kicks the ball into the net. Th is ability to take the perspective of another person is very general. Just as we follow the movements of dancers, actors, and athletes, we can also follow the thoughts and emotions expressed by others in language. In this paper, we will explore the ways in which language builds upon our basic system for projecting the body image to support a rich system of perspective tracking and mental model construction.
Regulation of Liver 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of studies on regulation of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The role of cholesterol in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis has been investigated by several laboratories and the site of feedback inhibition by cholesterol shown to be 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)–CoA reductase. The identification of a feedback mechanism in cultured peripheral cells, including fibroblasts from human skin, suggested that cholesterol synthesis in non-hepatic cells was also subject to feedback control by cholesterol. In other studies the enzymic activity of hepatic HMG–CoA reductase decreases rapidly in rats fed cholesterol and in cultured fibroblasts incubated with either low-density lipoproteins or sterols.
Electrical stimulation of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Abstract Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the adult is a progressive condition that, if untreated, usually resultsin femoral head collapse and secondary osteoarthritis. The experimental application of electrical and electro-magnetic fields has been shown to favorably affect a number of biological processes pertinent to osteonecrosis of the femoral head and has led to several clinical trials. The condition has been treated by the application of electrical fields invasively by the surgical implantation of electrodes within the femoral head and noninvasively by capacitative or inductive coupling. This review describes results in osteonecrosis of the femoral head with these therapeutic techniques. Stimulation by means of inductive coupling with pulsed magnetic fields seems to be the most promising technique studied so far, but the optimal signal characteristics and device design are not yet known.
Procedural Considerations and Technical Details

This chapter provides the basic steps of performing a TAVR. Use this as a foundation, and then learn when to do things differently or correct problems. While some TAVR experts may do things differently, the conservative techniques described here will allow a safe TAVR procedure. Perfecting each step is critical to preventing complications.
A Decentralized H-Infinity Unscented Kalman Filter for Dynamic State Estimation Against Uncertainties

The widely used traditional Kalman filter-type power system dynamic state estimator is unable to address the unknown and non-Gaussian system process and measurement noise as well as dynamical model uncertainties. To this end, this paper proposes a decentralized H-infinity unscented Kalman filter that leverages the strength of the H-infinity criteria developed in robust control for handling system uncertainties with the advantage of the UKF for addressing strong model nonlinearities. Specifically, the statistical linerization approach is used to derive a linear-like batch-mode regression model similar to the linear Kalman filter. This allows us to resort to the linear H-infinity Kalman filter framework for the development of the proposed H-infinity UKF in the Krein space. An analytical form is also derived to tune the parameter of the H-infinity criterion. Two decoupled models are presented to enable the decentralized implementation of the H-infinity UKF using the local PMU measurements. Extensive simulation results carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system show that the proposed H-infinity UKF is able to bound the influences of various types of measurement and model uncertainties while obtaining accurate state estimates.
Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy

Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint of pregnancy with a wide differential diagnosis. Clinicians must be aware of the physiologic alterations of pregnancy and recognize when the degree of symptoms and clinical findings is out of proportion to typical physiologic changes of pregnancy. Dyspnea, chest pain, and hemodynamic changes can indicate a variety of different pathologies including dyspnea of normal pregnancy, asthma, respiratory infections, pre-eclampsia, acute coronary and vascular syndromes, peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Appropriate physical exam, history, and testing can narrow this differential. When diagnosed, pulmonary embolism should be managed with anticoagulation. Massive pulmonary embolism should prompt the clinician to consider thrombolysis. In patients unable to undergo systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy is emerging as an alternative. In pregnant women who undergo catastrophic and refractory respiratory or hemodynamic collapse unresponsive to typical critical care support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be considered.
Beyond the Scene: Power and Paradoxes in Executive Coaching

Over the past 15 years, there has been significant growth in the use of executive coaching by organizations, mainly as a way of supporting individual change as well as organizational performance an...
Fungal secondary metabolism: regulation, function and drug discovery.

One of the exciting movements in microbial sciences has been a refocusing and revitalization of efforts to mine the fungal secondary metabolome. The magnitude of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in a single filamentous fungal genome combined with the historic number of sequenced genomes suggests that the secondary metabolite wealth of filamentous fungi is largely untapped. Mining algorithms and scalable expression platforms have greatly expanded access to the chemical repertoire of fungal-derived secondary metabolites. In this Review, I discuss new insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of BGCs and the ecological roles of fungal secondary metabolites in warfare, defence and development. I also explore avenues for the identification of new fungal metabolites and the challenges in harvesting fungal-derived secondary metabolites. In this Review, Nancy P. Keller describes the classification and genetics of secondary metabolites and biosynthetic gene clusters, cluster regulation and the ecological roles of secondary metabolites, and she explores avenues for the discovery of new fungal metabolites and current challenges in their identification.
A Survey of Recent Developments and Requirements for Modern Power System Control

Abstract The changing landscape of modern power systems is characterized by the deregulation of the energy markets and the rapid growth in numbers and diversity of the actors and assets incorporated to the grid. The roles and the aims of the involved stakeholders and the responsibilities of the system and market operators require that the control of the power system can respond reliably and efficiently to the new status. This chapter reviews the five main characteristics that modern power system control should have, in order to best serve the power system integrity and operation, while ensuring the fair treatment of all parties involved.
Processing language in introduction to computer science honors (CS110h)

This paper describes the use of the Processing programming language to introduce basic programming concepts in an introductory computer science course. Processing is a simplified java-based programming language and development environment designed for use by designers and artists with minimal, if any, programming experience. The environment allows for rapid prototyping of algorithms within a visual context. The students use a "software sketchbook" and production tool to manipulate images, animation, and other visual interactions. This paper makes some observations and reviews student comments in the use of the Processing language.
Zero‐order Catalysis in TAML‐catalyzed Oxidation of Imidacloprid, a Neonicotinoid Pesticide

Bis-sulfonamide bis-amide TAML activator [Fe{4-NO2 C6 H3 -1,2-(NCOCMe2 NSO2 )2 CHMe}]- (2) catalyzes oxidative degradation of the oxidation-resistant neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI), by H2 O2 at pH 7 and 25 °C, whereas the tetrakis-amide TAML [Fe{4-NO2 C6 H3 -1,2-(NCOCMe2 NCO)2 CF2 }]- (1), previously regarded as the most catalytically active TAML, is inactive under the same conditions. At ultra-low concentrations of both imidacloprid and 2, 62 % of the insecticide was oxidized in 2 h, at which time the catalyst is inactivated; oxidation resumes on addition of a succeeding aliquot of 2. Acetate and oxamate were detected by ion chromatography, suggesting deep oxidation of imidacloprid. Explored at concentrations [2]≥[IMI], the reaction kinetics revealed unusually low kinetic order in 2 (0.164±0.006), which is observed alongside the first order in imidacloprid and an ascending hyperbolic dependence in [H2 O2 ]. Actual independence of the reaction rate on the catalyst concentration is accounted for in terms of a reversible noncovalent binding between a substrate and a catalyst, which usually results in substrate inhibition when [catalyst]≪[substrate] but explains the zero order in the catalyst when [2]>[IMI]. A plausible mechanism of the TAML-catalyzed oxidations of imidacloprid is briefly discussed. Similar zero-order catalysis is presented for the oxidation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol by H2 O2 , catalyzed by the TAML analogue of 1 without a NO2 -group in the aromatic ring.
Temporary Polypseudophakia (Piggyback IOLs)

The combination of a permanent intraocular lens (IOL) sequestrated in the capsular bag and a temporary IOL placed in the ciliary sulcus—a location from which it can be easily removed later—is referred to as temporary polypseudophakia. It allows the surgeon to aim for emmetropia immediately after surgery in young children and avoid leaving hyperopia, which can be amblyogenic when uncorrected. This option is chosen when compliance with glasses or contacts is expected to be poor at the time of surgery. We consider this approach in older infants, toddlers, or preschoolers. It must be noted that not all pediatric eyes are suitable for piggyback lens placement; piggyback IOL implantation should be confined to eyes in which the benefit of this implantation exceeds the potential risks. It appears to be a useful option for IOL implantation in growing eyes of select young children.
The role of KCC2 in hyperexcitability of the neonatal brain

Abstract Background The hyperpolarizing activity of γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors depends on the intracellular chloride gradient that is developmentally regulated by the activity of the chloride extruder potassium (K) chloride (Cl) cotransporter 2 (KCC2). In humans and rodents, KCC2 expression can be detected at birth. In rodents, KCC2 expression progressively increases and reaches adult-like levels by the second postnatal week of life. Several studies report changes in KCC2 expression levels in response to early-life injuries. However, the functional contribution of KCC2 in maintaining the excitation-inhibition balance in the neonatal brain is not clear. In the current study, we examined the effect of KCC2 antagonism on the neonatal brain activity under hyperexcitable conditions ex vivo and in vivo. Methods Ex vivo electrophysiology experiments were performed on hippocampal slices prepared from 7 to 9 days-old (P7-P9) male rats. Excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons bathed in zero-Mg2+ buffer was measured using single-unit extracellular (loose) or cell-attach protocol before and after application of VU0463271, a specific antagonist of KCC2. To examine the functional role of KCC2 in vivo, the effect of VU0463271 on hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced ictal (seizures and brief runs of epileptiform discharges - BREDs), and inter-ictal spike and sharp-wave activity was measured in P7 male rats. A highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method was used to determine the distribution and the concentration of VU0463271 in the brain. Results Ex vivo blockade of KCC2 by VU0463271 significantly increased the frequency of zero-Mg2+-triggered spiking in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Similarly, in vivo administration of VU0463271 significantly increased the number of ictal events, BREDs duration, and spike and sharp-wave activity in HI rats. LC–MS/MS data revealed that following systemic administration, VU0463271 rapidly reached brain tissues and distributed well among different brain regions. Conclusion The results suggest that KCC2 plays a critical functional role in maintaining the balance of excitation-inhibition in the neonatal brain, and thus it can be used as a therapeutic target to ameliorate injury associated with hyperexcitability in newborns.
Biomedical Image Analysis on Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images and Videos

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a newly booming technology on gastrointestinal (GI) examinations. After the patient swallows the capsule, it starts taking video of the entire interior of the digestive tract, from the esophagus, stomach to small intestine, and colon. It transmits sequences of color images back to the computer, and hence allows the doctors to observe the patient’s GI tract vividly and hence diagnose precisely based on the visually accessed video instead of reconstructed images such as MRI. The entire process takes hours with around 50,000 images about the inside of the GI tract. It is very time-consuming to go through those images frame by frame. Therefore, many image/video processing techniques are adopted to develop software which is expected to annotate the images in different stage of the GI tract and detect unusual events, such as bleeding, polyps, and ulcers, automatically. In another words, the problems in WCE images/videos can be categorized in two classes, video segmentations and event detections. Various methods have been discussed in the literatures and generally can be seen as two-stage approaches, describing images and classifying images or regions. In this chapter, we will review various feature descriptors and classification methods that are often used on WCE images/videos.
Why Eurasia? A probe into the origins of global inequalities

The abundance of domesticable mammals in Eurasia facilitated its early transition from hunter–gatherer to agricultural economies, with dramatic consequences for human history. This paper empirically examines the origins of these biogeographical advantages and finds that the extinction of large mammals during the past 100,000 years was a decisive force in the evolution of mammal domestication. In Eurasia’s domestication cradles, humans had sufficient incentives to continually practice herd management as a hunting strategy to prevent the depletion of their vital common resources. These strategies changed some targeted species and made them more receptive to human domination. The absence of these conditions (human incentive and animal receptivity) in other regions resulted in the paucity of domestication. The paper presents the most comprehensive empirical analysis of the origins of animal domestication and the roots of global inequalities to date and unearths a critical channel for the influence of deep history on comparative economic development.
Skeleton-Based Methods for Speaker Action Classification on Lecture Videos.

The volume of online lecture videos is growing at a frenetic pace. This has led to an increased focus on methods for automated lecture video analysis to make these resources more accessible. These methods consider multiple information channels including the actions of the lecture speaker. In this work, we analyze two methods that use spatio-temporal features of the speaker skeleton for action classification in lecture videos. The first method is the AM Pose model which is based on Random Forests with motion-based features. The second is a state-of-the-art action classifier based on a two-stream adaptive graph convolutional network (2S-AGCN) that uses features of both joints and bones of the speaker skeleton. Each video is divided into fixed-length temporal segments. Then, the speaker skeleton is estimated on every frame in order to build a representation for each segment for further classification. Our experiments used the AccessMath dataset and a novel extension which will be publicly released. We compared four state-of-the-art pose estimators: OpenPose, Deep High Resolution, AlphaPose and Detectron2. We found that AlphaPose is the most robust to the encoding noise found in online videos. We also observed that 2S-AGCN outperforms the AM Pose model by using the right domain adaptations.
Decoherence of Coupled Flip-Flop Qubits Due to Charge Noise

We study the decoherence effect of charge noise on a single flip-flop qubit and two dipole-coupled qubits. We find that a single flip-flop qubit is highly resistant to charge noise at its sweet spots. However, due to the proximity of the charge excited states to the flip-flop logical states, the presence of charge noise greatly reduces the fidelity of two-qubit operations. We identify leakage from the qubit Hilbert space as the main culprit for the reduced gate fidelity. We also explore different bias conditions to mitigate this decoherence channel.
Letter to the Editor: Pregnant Women and their Providers Want Direct-Acting Antivirals, and We Are Missing the Mark.

We read with great interest the Special Article by Jhaveri et al. entitled "Responsible Inclusion of Pregnant Individuals in Eradicating Hepatitis C virus."1 This article is timely and draws attention to pregnant women, a subpopulation that has been ignored in the study of hepatitis C (HCV) treatment. Pregnancy is an ideal window of opportunity due to the high engagement in healthcare of reproductive-aged women. The AASLD/ IDSA, USPSTF and CDC now all recommended universal HCV screening during pregnancy which will lead to increased diagnosis of HCV during pregnancy. However, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) has been hesitant to recommend universal screening due to the lack of treatment available during pregnancy.2 Jhaveri et al. identified only one pharmacokinetic study of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, which demonstrated safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in nine pregnant women. Guidance from the AASLD/ IDSA suggests that "women who become pregnant while on DAA therapy should discuss the risks versus benefits of continuing treatment with their physicians."3 This "guidance" puts providers in the difficult position of providing advice with minimal published data on DAA safety in pregnancy.
A Dynamic Game Framework for Rational and Persistent Robot Deception With an Application to Deceptive Pursuit-Evasion

This article studies rational and persistent deception among intelligent robots to enhance security and operational efficiency. We present an N-player K-stage game with an asymmetric information structure where each robot's private information is modeled as a random variable or its type. The deception is persistent as each robot's private type remains unknown to other robots for all stages. The deception is rational as robots aim to achieve their deception goals at minimum cost. Each robot forms a dynamic belief of others' types based on intrinsic or extrinsic information. Perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium (PBNE) is a natural solution concept for dynamic games of incomplete information. Due to its requirements of sequential rationality and belief consistency, PBNE provides a reliable prediction of players' actions, beliefs, and expected cumulative costs over the entire K stages. The contribution of this work is fourfold. First, we identify the PBNE computation as a nonlinear stochastic control problem and characterize the structures of players' actions and costs under PBNE. We further derive a set of extended Riccati equations with cognitive coupling under the linear-quadratic (LQ) setting and extrinsic belief dynamics. Second, we develop a receding-horizon algorithm with low temporal and spatial complexity to compute PBNE under intrinsic belief dynamics. Third, we investigate a deceptive pursuit-evasion game as a case study and use numerical experiments to corroborate the results. Finally, we propose metrics, such as deceivability, reachability, and the price of deception (PoD), to evaluate the strategy design and the system performance under deception.
Association of Continuous Intraoperative Vasopressor Use With Reoperation Rates in Head and Neck Free-Flap Reconstruction.

Importance Continuous vasopressor use in free-flap reconstruction is a point of contention among microvascular surgeons despite data demonstrating safety. Objective To investigate the association between continuous vasopressor use and the incidence of reoperation in the early postoperative period. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, a retrospective medical record review was conducted of patients who underwent head and neck free-flap reconstructions between May 1, 2014, and October 31, 2019, in an academic tertiary care center. All patients undergoing free-flap reconstruction for head and neck defects were included. Exposures Continuous intraoperative vasopressors. Main Outcomes and Measures Patient medical records were queried for demographic variables; intraoperative use of vasopressors; vasopressor type, duration, and infusion rate; reoperation within the first 5 postoperative days; and reason for reoperation. Results Four hundred forty-nine consecutive free-flap reconstructions were performed on 426 patients. The mean age was 62 years (IQR, 55.7-71.1); 293 patients were men (65.3%), 380 were White (84.6%), 55 were Black (12.2%), and 14 were of other race or ethnicity (3.1%). A total of 174 patients received a continuous vasopressor during their reconstruction. Twenty-three reoperations occurred within 5 days postoperatively, 8 of which included vasopressors during initial intervention. Vasopressor type had no association with reoperation (4.5% vs 5.5% [8/174 vs 15/275, respectively] for patients who received vasopressors vs those who did not) (dobutamine odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% CI, 0.21-2.91]; dopamine OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.33-4.26]). No difference was seen in the duration (dobutamine OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.78-2.90]; dopamine OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.59-1.28]) or infusion rate (dobutamine OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.99-1.02]; dopamine OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99-1.01]) of vasopressors between patients who underwent reoperation and those who did not. Analysis after the exclusion of reasons for reoperation that did not represent possible microvascular anastomosis failure (eg, Doppler malfunction, donor site complications) showed no increased propensity for reoperation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.27-3.9). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, use of vasopressors for extensive periods intraoperatively during free-tissue transfer appeared to have no association with the rate of reoperation within 5 days of intervention, regardless of agent used, simultaneous use of agents, type of free-flap operation performed, or reason for reoperation. This study adds to the body of literature supporting the judicious use of vasopressors in patients requiring intraoperative pharmacological pressure support during free-flap reconstruction.
Print Imprint: The Connection Between the Physical Newspaper and the Self:

This research puts forward the theoretical concept “print imprint,” articulating the connection between the printed newspaper and its reader’s “Self.” This paper contends that the printed newspaper...
Feedback control of HVOF thermal spray process: A study of the effect of process disturbances on closed-loop performance

Abstract This work focuses on feedback control of the high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process in the presence of significant variations in the process operating conditions. Based on the predictions of a fundamental model which is capable of capturing the essential features of the HVOF process, and available experimental observations, the control problem is formulated as the one of regulating volume-based averages of the temperature and velocity of the particles at the point of impact on substrate by manipulating the oxygen/fuel ratio and the combustion chamber pressure, respectively. A feedback control system is developed and applied to a detailed mathematical model of the process. Closed-loop simulations show that the feedback control system ensures process operation at the desired set-point values in the presence of significant variations in the spray distance, initial particle velocity and size distribution of the powder
Lightening the Load: Whether the Burden of Proof for Overcoming a Patent's Presumption of Validity Should Be Lowered

Patents fuel innovation and are becoming an ever-more important form of protection in this technological age. Society also has a vested interest in only valid patents being issued and enforced. Patents are presumed valid once they are issued and also currently enjoy the application of a heavy burden of proof—clear and convincing evidence—to overcome that presumption when their validity is questioned at trial. This burden has started to be questioned as the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office becomes more taxed by the increasing influx of patent applications. Current precedent conflicts with past precedent and with general principles of administrative law. This Note argues that the application of a clear and convincing burden of proof should be revisited and ultimately lowered to a preponderance of the evidence standard in order to only enforce valid patents.
Canon Financial Services, Inc.: The Systems and Methods Committee

Canon Financial Services, Inc. (CFS, www.cfs.canon.com) is a wholly owned subsidiary of CANON USA. Originally, an independent office products leasing company, CITILEASE, founded by Albert Smith who remains the president, CFS has grown to be an important financial arm for the U.S. Canon copier and office products business. Since CITILEASE was acquired in 1990, the operation has grown dramatically. In 1996, CANON USA recognized CFS as one of its premier divisions. A key success factor for this growth has been the strategic management of information within a corporate framework of outstanding customer service. The strong leadership of Smith and his organization as well as the commitment to information technology resources has fueled this explosive growth. In this case study we will first examine the structure of the copier and office products leasing industry. Few businesses find it desirable to purchase copiers, fax machines and other computer equipment. There are several reasons for this, not the least of which is the flexibility of capital in light of rapidly changing technological capabilities of the products being leased. The complex relationships of CANON dealers, independent dealers and service organizations, customers, credit reporting agencies, banks and CFS will be described, especially with respect to the complex flows of information necessary to complete the leasing application and contract tasks.
The effect of a family-based dietary intervention on dietary fiber density in children ages 6-11

Background: Fiber intake has been shown to be higher in normal weight children compared to overweight and obese children. However, the effect of family-based interventions have been inconclusive. Objective: To determine if a family-based weight management intervention, which has been successful at lowering BMI Z-score, has an effect on energy adjusted dietary fiber intake and other markers of dietary quality. Methods: Sixty-six children ages 6-11 and their guardians participated in a 16 week nutrition and physical activity intervention. Guardians and children completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during the first and last sessions. The FFQ provided information about fiber, macronutrients and micronutrients. Results: Children increased fiber from 8.65±2.00g/1000kcal to 9.48±2.26g/1000kcal (p<0.001). Energy decreased from 2122.77±506.13kcals to 1889.86±425.58kcals (p<0.001).BMI Z-score decreased from 2.06±0.40 to 1.99±0.40 (p=0.003). Iron decreased from 15.18±4.06mg to 13.92±3.85mg (p=0.014), sodium decreased from 2638.38±677.93mg to 2330.14±521.85mg (p<0.001), and saturated fat decreased from 10.34±1.64% to 9.96±1.69%. Conclusion: The intervention was associated with an increase in fiber density and a reduction in energy intake, which was reflected in a decrease in BMI Z-score, without compromising micronutrient intake.
Solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: clinical features and frequency of enlargement in 330 patients.

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical features of solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and to determine the frequency of enlargement of this lesion Design Retrospective, observational, noncomparative case series. Participants Three hundred thirty consecutive patients with solitary CHRPE. Main outcome measures The 3 main outcome measures included flat lesion enlargement, intralesional lacunae enlargement, and development of an elevated nodule within the lesion. The clinical features at the time of presentation were analyzed for their impact on the main outcomes using a series of Cox proportional hazards regressions. Results The most common referring diagnosis included choroidal nevus (26%), choroidal melanoma (15%), CHRPE (9%), and unspecified lesion (48%). The median age at diagnosis was 45 years (range, 1–80 years), and there were no patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or related colon cancer, although a history of cancer was noted in 8% of patients, most commonly breast cancer (3%). The lesion most frequently was located inferotemporally (31%) and at the equatorial region (45%). Rarely, it was located in the macula (1%) or peripapillary region (1%). The median largest basal diameter was 4.5 mm, and the lesion was flat in all cases except in 5 (1.5%), in which there was an intralesional lesion nodule. The lesion was pigmented in 88% of cases and nonpigmented in 12%. Lacunae were noted in 43% of the pigmented CHRPE, and the lacunae showed gradual enlargement in 32%. Factors related to lacunae enlargement included number and relative size of lacunae. Flat enlargement of the lesion was documented in 46% of patients with comparative photographic follow-up and in 83% of those followed up for more than 3 years. The median rate of enlargement was 10 μm per month. The most important factor associated with flat lesion enlargement was relative size of the lacunae within CHRPE. There were no cases of CHRPE in which a nodule developed while the patient was being followed up. Of the 5 lesions that had a nodule, progressive enlargement of the nodule was found in 3. Conclusions Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium generally has been regarded as a benign, stable lesion, but subtle, flat enlargement was noted in most patients (83%) followed up for 3 or more years using meticulous photographic comparison. Flat enlargement of the lesion appeared to be related to percentage of the mass occupied by lacunae.
Exploring Semi-Supervised Coreference Resolution of Medical Concepts using Semantic and Temporal Features

We investigate the task of medical concept coreference resolution in clinical text using two semi-supervised methods, co-training and multi-view learning with posterior regularization. By extracting semantic and temporal features of medical concepts found in clinical text, we create conditionally independent data views; co-training MaxEnt classifiers on this data works almost as well as supervised learning for the task of pairwise coreference resolution of medical concepts. We also train MaxEnt models with expectation constraints, using posterior regularization, and find that posterior regularization performs comparably to or slightly better than co-training. We describe the process of semantic and temporal feature extraction and demonstrate our methods on a corpus of case reports from the New England Journal of Medicine and a corpus of patient narratives obtained from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
CellMatch: Combining two unit cells into a common supercell with minimal strain

Abstract Recent emergence of 2D materials (the so-called van der Waals materials), of which graphene is the most famous one, opens new routes in creation of novel materials by mere layer-by-layer combinations. Moreover, a growth of such materials is typically done on a substrate. In both cases structures appear that are periodical in the plane but the periodicity is very different from simple 1 × 1 commensurate unit cells combinations which appears for materials with very similar values of lattice constants. Much more common is the case in which a new periodic cell is of a moire type—such as 10 × 10 over 9 × 9 in case of graphene on Ir(111). Once the shape of the common supercell for 2 different 2D materials, or a material and the surface is found–it is easy to do a computational treatment with appropriate method for electronic structure–such as density functional theory, tight binding or some other. The purpose of the CellMatch code is to generate such common supercell given the two unit cells of selected materials. The CellMatch code searches within given combinatorial space and sorts results by the strain imposed on one of the components, while the other component experiences zero strain. Program summary Program title: CellMatch Catalogue identifier: AEYD_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEYD_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 18603 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 129294 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: Any architecture with a python interpreter. Operating system: Linux, AIX. RAM: Even for large systems almost negligible usage of memory. Classification: 7.3. Nature of problem: Contracting a common supercell that fits the atoms of two unit cells with minimal strain. This is used as input for any total energy or electronic structure code. Solution method: Straightforward systematic search in the phase space of combinations of unit cell vectors. Unusual features: Output, atomic structure of the supercell, can be used in any total energy program. Running time: Usually very short (seconds) if the search parameters are kept at reasonable values.
CDMA-Based Analog Network Coding for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

We propose ANC-CDMA, a CDMA-based analog network coding scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs) that can significantly improve the underwater acoustic channel utilization. First, we analyze a unidirectional multihop network, in which two acoustic nodes separated by two hops are assigned the same code-division channel (i.e., spreading code) to transmit concurrently. The packets transmitted by the two nodes will collide at the intermediate (relay) node. However, we show that, by exploiting a priori information, i.e., the interfered packet previously received from one of the nodes, and applying joint channel estimation through pilot supervision along with a newly designed adaptive RAKE receiver, the relay node can cancel the interference before decoding the packet of interest. We then extend our analysis to a bidirectional network, in which two nodes first concurrently transmit their packets to the relay using the same spreading code. The relay amplifies and forwards the received interfered packet to the two nodes. We show that either node can still decode the packet of interest after equalizing the channel effects introduced during the propagation from the relay to itself and jointly estimating multipath affected channels and suppressing the self-interference signal before applying the adaptive RAKE receiver. The proposed ANC-CDMA scheme is implemented in a testbed based on Teledyne Benthos Telesonar SM-975 underwater modems and tested extensively in Lake LaSalle. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that for a 1–2 dB tradeoff in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the proposed scheme can significantly improve the channel utilization of a unidirectional and bidirectional networks by up to 50% and 100%, respectively, compared with conventional multiuser DS-CDMA scheme.
Implications of Postmodern Curriculum Theory for the Education of the Talented

Postmodern curriculum theory provides a framework for educators of the gifted and talented to critique the assumptions of the field from within the field. Five overarching themes derived from postmodern literature are discussed. These are presence, origin, unity, denial of transcendence, and constitutive otherness. Five issues are subsumed beneath the themes. These are issues of discourse, the body, the canon, gender, and power and class.
Development of all plant food mixture using crops indigenous to haiti: Amino acid composition and protein quality

Among many approaehes toward alleviation of the critical shortage of protein for human consumption, one obvious step is to insure maximally effective use of what protein is currently being produced. In most countries, where severe protein deficiency exists, economic conditions make it impossible to effect any sudden increase in consumption of high quality animal protein, regardless of the intensity of the educational effort. Particularly in Asia, efforts to increase consumption of animal protein are hampered further by widespread vegetarianism. On the other hand, wiser use of currently produced plant foods is both economically and culturally feasible among even the peasantry in most countries. By appropriate blending of cereals and legumes, the amino acid deficiencies of each can be counterbalanced so that the nutritive value of the mixture is higher than that of either of its components (4). A classical example is the rice-bean mixture in which relatively high levels of threonine and lysine in beans compensate in part for the threonine-lysine defieiency of the rice. In most countries, it has not been possible to arrive at a blend of indigenous plant foods having both high protein content and a protein quality equivalent to that of milk or eggs. As a rule, the plant blends are limited in quality by a relative deficiency in sulfur amino acids. The reasonable target of most indigenous plant food blends for the present, then, can only be improvement in protein nutrition over the present very low level. Optimum nutrition would appear to be only a reasonable hope for the future when solid improvement has been achieved
Labile Repolarization From “Cell to Bedside”

A47-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis was taking quinidine for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and clarithromycin for presumed bronchopneumonia. When he returned to the floor after hemodialysis, he complained of nausea and was given 10 mg of prochlorperazine intravenously. He then felt lightheaded and passed out. The rhythm monitor showed torsade de pointes, and a …
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome caused by an FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Contrary to the assumption that gonadotrope pituitary adenomas are non-functioning, these tumors can be functional and lead to the development of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. This article describes a patient with a 15-year history of galactorrhea and multicystic ovaries caused by a gonadotrope-secreting pituitary adenoma. Background A 40-year-old woman presented with galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea. She had a history of multiple ovarian cysts and pelvic pain. Investigations Laboratory evaluation included measurements of the levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free endogenous T4, the glycoprotein hormone α subunit, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I. Radiological studies included MRI of the pituitary. Diagnosis Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome caused by a pituitary adenoma, secreting follicle-stimulating hormone. Management The patient underwent trans-sphenoidal resection of the adenoma, with subsequent normalization of hormonal values and symptoms.
Induction of chemiluminescence in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the calcium ionophore A23187.

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) exhibit a characteristic burst of oxidative metabolism following activation by suitable particles [ 11. This burst is associated with the formation of several potentially bactericidal metabolites of molecular oxygen including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Phagocytosing PMNL also generate electronically excited state(s), as manifested by the phenomenon of chemiluminescence (CL) [2]. It was proposed that relaxation of singlet oxygen (to its triplet ground state) and/or relaxation of excited carbonyl moieties formed during the respiratory burst may provide a basis for this phenomenon. The formation of singlet oxygen via the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-hydrogen peroxide-halide reaction has been demonstrated [3], which is operative in phagocytosing PMNL. Moreover, analysis of the CL spectra for the MPO-HzOz-halide and PMNL reac
Public Perception of LESS Surgery and NOTES

Introduction This study was undertaken to determine public attitudes toward laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and to determine how they are impacted by age, gender, and obesity.
Spatial multiple instance learning for hyperspectral image analysis

Standard multiple instance learning (MIL) techniques are capable of learning when there is a lack of target information (including size, shape, and even location); however, this is attained at the cost of the utility of spatial information. This is unfortunate because in many image analysis applications, there is a substantial amount of observable spatial information. The research presented in the following investigates appropriate methods to incorporate spatial information into the MIL framework while maintaining the benefits of the MIL paradigm. The proposed Spatial Multiple Instance Learning (S-MIL) method is applied to a hyperspectral data set for the purposes of landmine detection.
Predicting behavioral treatment outcome for agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder

Abstract This paper reviews findings of retrospective studies of factors predictive of behavior therapy outcome immediately after treatment or at follow-up for panic disorder with and without agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Despite disagreement on some variables, most predictor variables (most demographic variables, severity of symptoms, depression, general anxiety, assertiveness, expectancy and motivation, and treatment context) were not consistently associated with outcome. Severe avoidance behavior and avoidant personality disorder were problematic for agoraphobic clients. Findings for depressed mood were contradictory, and comorbid major depression and other Axis I and II conditions are understudied. Research on marital quality for PDA is also conflicting. Spouse or family involvement in therapy appears more advantageous for PDA than OCD clients. For OCD, insight into the rationality of obsessions has not proven predictive. Therapist qualities associated with outcome varied somewhat with the disorder. Possible reasons for discrepant findings are discussed and implications for treatment regimens and additional research are proposed.
Design of a bottom antireflective layer for optical lithography

The advent of deep-UV(DUV), chemically amplified, acid catalyzed photoresists as successors to positive diazoquinones photoresists has brought about a new set of process environment concerns directed towards all materials in contact or absorbed by the photoresists. In addition to the application of DUV bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs) to suppress optical reflection and subsequent linewidth distortion, we must consider the properties and interaction of the BARC layer with the labile photoacid of the latent image. In this regard, we have examined the physico-chemical aspects of the DUV BARC with regards to acting as a barrier layer to substrate poisoning, and as an optical absorbing layer that does not interact and/or distort the deep-UV profile. Various single component polymeric BARCs were synthesized and examined. Considerations will be discussed of the optical absorbance, the coating quality, dry etch rate, and the impermeability of the BARC layer to photoacid diffusion to fulfill the performance requirements of BARCs for DUV lithography.
Interface dermatitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

We report twenty-five patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and interface dermatitis. Patients with AIDS and interface dermatitis had numerous opportunistic and herpetic infections. Nearly all patients were receiving at least one medication prior to the development of their rash and many were clinically thought to have a drug eruption. When compared to skin biopsy specimens from non-AIDS patients with drug eruptions, specimens from patients with AIDS and interface dermatitis demonstrated a greater degree of vacuolar change, the frequent occurrence of necrotic keratinocytes, often in clumps, and the absence of eosinophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dermal infiltrates. Histologic and clinical features of our patients with AIDS and interface dermatitis are presented and contrasted with other interface dermatitides. Systemic and cutaneous immune abnormalities in patients with AIDS may be relevant to the pathogenesis of this interface process.