cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical modulation of early carbon tetrachloride liver injury.

Abstract Insight into the mechanism of the toxic interaction of CCl 4 with liver endoplasmic reticulum was sought through modulation of the early in vivo effects of CCl 4 by agents which either inhibit its binding with cytochrome P-450 or have free radical sequestering and/or antioxidant activities. Alterations in known parameters of CCl 4 injury were compared between respective control and experimental groups of animals receiving β-diethylaminoethyl-3,3′-diphenylpropyl acetate (SKF 525A), 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine (promethazine), N,N′ -diphenyl- p -phenylenediamine (DPPD), α-tocopherol acetate, or ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The extent of suppression of glucose-6-phosphatase staining (G-6-Pase) and increase in stainable calcium were examined at 1 hr, and lipid conjugated diene contents, NADPH-NT reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase and oxidative N -demethylase activities of microsomes, in vivo protein synthesis and cell sap RNA were determined 2 hr after poisoning with 26 mmol CCl 4 /kg rat. All modulating agents wholly or partially prevented loss of in vivo protein synthesis 2 hr after CCl 4 . In addition, DPPD and α-tocopherol reduced the extent of histochemically demonstrable G-6-Pase suppression and blocked the appearance of stainable calcium. SKF 525A pretreatment which reduced oxidative N -demethylase activity of liver endoplasmic reticulum also moderated the increase in lipid-conjugated diene following CCl 4 . But SKF 525A was without effect on the magnitude of loss of histochemically determined G-6-Pase or the influx of stainable calcium following poisoning. The qualitative differences between the effects of SKF 525A and α-tocopherol on CCl 4 -induced changes in liver endoplasmic reticulum indicate that the chlorocarbon may interact at two or more loci in the membrane.
TAMS analyzer : Anthropology as cultural critique in a digital age

This article provides an overview of an open source qualitative coding and analysis program called TAMS Analyzer, where TAMS stands for Text Analysis Mark-up System. The article reviews the history and design of this software. This history focuses on transformations in the software that have allowed it to work with larger scale projects, more abstract analytic categories, and wider varieties of media. In examining the software design, the article reflects variously on the value of software-assisted qualitative research, issues of openness with respect to software standards and licensing, and transparency to the user. It concludes by looking at some future directions for software-assisted qualitative research and by noting contradictions in the qualitative marketplace that will likely shape what will be available to qualitative researchers.
Mapping mine wastes and analyzing areas affected by selenium-rich water runoff in southeast Idaho using AVIRIS imagery and digital elevation data

Abstract Remotely sensed hyperspectral and digital elevation data from southeastern Idaho are combined in a new method to assess mine waste contamination. Waste rock from phosphorite mining in the area contains selenium, cadmium, vanadium, and other metals. Toxic concentrations of selenium have been found in plants and soils near some mine waste dumps. Eighteen mine waste dumps and five vegetation cover types in the southeast Idaho phosphate district were mapped by using Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery and field data. The interaction of surface water runoff with mine waste was assessed by registering the AVIRIS results to digital elevation data, enabling determinations of (1) mine dump morphologies, (2) catchment watershed areas above each mine dump, (3) flow directions from the dumps, (4) stream gradients, and (5) the extent of downstream wetlands available for selenium absorption. Watersheds with the most severe selenium contamination, such as the South Maybe Canyon watershed, are associated with mine dumps that have large catchment watershed areas, high stream gradients, a paucity of downstream wetlands, and dump forms that tend to obstruct stream flow. Watersheds associated with low concentrations of dissolved selenium, such as Angus Creek, have mine dumps with small catchment watershed areas, low stream gradients, abundant wetlands vegetation, and less obstructing dump morphologies.
Local density of states in double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. II. Finite-width barriers.

The local density of states (DOS) in the quantum-well region of a double-barrier resonant-tunneling structure is calculated for the case of zero applied bias. As the barrier potential ${V}_{0}$ goes to zero, the local DOS approaches an ${E}^{1/2}$ behavior; as ${V}_{0}$ goes to infinity, a staircaselike local DOS is obtained. A one-dimensional DOS, characterized by a fixed momentum transverse to the barriers, goes like ${E}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ as ${V}_{0}$ goes to zero and like a series of \ensuremath{\delta} functions in the limit of infinite ${V}_{0}$. The behavior of these local-DOS functions is examined for physically realizable structures.
Timentin versus piperacillin in the therapy of serious urinary tract infections

In a comparative study, 47 patients received Timentin, a combination of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, or piperacillin to treat serious urinary tract infections. Thirty-nine infections in 38 patients were clinically evaluable (21 in the Timentin-treated group and 18 in the piperacillin-treated group). These included pyelonephritis (10 in the Timentin-treated group and five in the piperacillin-treated group), bladder infections with sepsis (11 in the Timentin-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group) and bladder infections without fever (two in the piperacillin-treated group). The addition of clavulanic acid to ticarcillin greatly enhanced the susceptibility of five of the 28 evaluable pathogens in the Timentin-treated group (two Escherichia coli isolates, two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate). The minimal inhibitory concentrations at which 50 and 90 percent of the bacterial growth was inhibited were 4 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, for Timentin, and 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively, for piperacillin. All evaluable patients had a satisfactory symptomatic response at the end of the trial. Of 28 evaluable pathogens treated with Timentin, 18 were eradicated up through the one-week post-therapy evaluation period; of 27 evaluable pathogens treated with piperacillin, 18 were eradicated up through the same time period. Eradicated pathogens included E. coli (six of 13 in the Timentin-treated group and six of 11 in the piperacillin-treated group), other Enterobacteriaceae (three of three in the Timentin-treated group and eight of 10 in the piperacillin-treated group), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two of four in the piperacillin-treated group), enterococcus (two of three in the Timentin-treated group and two of two in the piperacillin-treated group), staphylococcal species (four of five in the Timentin-treated group), and other organisms (three of four in the Timentin-treated group). Resistance did not develop in any of the persisting pathogens. Adverse effects thought possibly to be related to the study drugs were minimal and included rash in one Timentin-treated patient and diarrhea in another.
Stability of the numerical procedure for solution of singular integral equations on semi-infinite interval. Application to fracture mechanics

Abstract Singular integral equations (Cauchy-type singularity) play a key role in computational fracture mechanics. In modeling the micromechanical aspects of fracture, one examines effects produced by defects with dimensions much smaller than the crack size. Thus, to focus attention on these effects, one has to consider a crack as infinitely large and to bring the problem to a defect scale. The integral equations resulting from these problems are formulated on a semi-infinite interval, and they are of the first kind with Cauchy-type singular term. On a finite interval, the numerical procedure for these equations is well developed and analyzed. On a semi-infinite interval, this procedure cannot be directly applied without a stabilization of the numerical scheme. The existence of a solution to a homogeneous equation creates a stability problem in forming the numerical scheme. Depending on the mesh size, different magnitudes of the homogeneous solutions can be sensed by the numerical scheme. A numerical procedure with a stabilizing term and its implementations in fracture mechanics on microscale is discussed.
Good intentions gone wrong

The US “National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign” On 13 January 2000 the US online magazine salon.com reported “a hidden government effort to shoehorn antidrug messages into the most pervasive and powerful billboard of all— network television programming.” The story was headlined: “Prime-time Propaganda.” In a country where citizens have a healthy scepticism about government intrusion into people's lives, this news spread quickly through the national media. What were these messages and how had they been shoehorned onto prime time television? The story began in 1997, when the US Congress approved an initiative sponsored by the Clinton administration to address the increase in drug use among young people. The campaign aimed to steer children away from drug use and to get their parents and other influential figures involved in measures to combat drug use. This “National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign” had a budget of $1bn spread over five years, making it the largest public health media campaign ever launched in the United States. …
Reciprocal associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol involvement in college: a three-year trait-state-error analysis.

Bidirectional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol involvement have been theorized, but have not been tested empirically. In this study, we examined these relations at the transition into and over the first three years of college by using an analytic approach (Trait-State-Error Modeling; TSE; Kenny & Zautra, 1995) that allowed us to examine prospective, reciprocal associations among these constructs while accounting for intra-individual stability. Young adults (N=486) were recruited at matriculation into college and assessed by web survey in September of the 1st college year (T1) and 11 additional time points over three years. Findings showed evidence of prospective associations from alcohol involvement (both use and problems) to PTSD symptoms over the three year assessment period. We also observed prospective relations from PTSD symptoms to alcohol involvement over time. Patterns of covariation in trait vulnerability for alcohol involvement and PTSD symptoms differed from crossed-lagged associations among state-like variance in these constructs. Results suggest that PTSD symptoms and alcohol involvement each predict the other over the course of college. Findings also highlight the importance of considering both time-varying and stable sources of variation in these associations.
Monopoles in topologically massive gauge theories.

In the presence of a Chern-Simons term, a single Dirac monopole induces a current that extends throughout space-time. The Dirac string acquires a constant charge per unit length, which should confine monopoles and antimonopoles by a linear potential. The monopole of 't Hooft and Polyakov is generalized to include a Chern-Simons term for the gauge field, and the string tension for these monopoles is calculated.
Correlation of an Audible Fourth Heart Sound With Level of Diastolic Dysfunction

Abstract Background Expert physicians disagree on the usefulness of the fourth heart sound (S4) as an indicator of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Methods We correlated prevalence of the S4 with level of severity of LV diastolic dysfunction. From 551 consecutive echocardiography and Doppler studies, 106 patients in sinus rhythm but without cardiac conduction abnormalities, prosthetic or abnormal valves, or high blood flow states were auscultated by 3 investigators blinded to the participants’ diastolic function as determined by 3 other cardiologists using mitral inflow, tissue, and pulmonary vein Doppler interrogation. Results Diastolic function was normal in 46 participants, 45 had mild, 10 had moderate, and 5 had severe diastolic dysfunction. S4 was audible in 35% with normal function, 42% with mild, 70% with moderate, and none with severe dysfunction ( P = 0.052). Sensitivity was 43%, specificity 65%, and accuracy of 53% for discriminating normal from abnormal function. S4 is neither sensitive nor specific, is common but not normal in the elderly, may be absent with severe diastolic dysfunction, and therefore is not a useful indicator of LV diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions The S4 is not an accurate indicator of diastolic dysfunction, as it is present in many persons with normal LV function and is absent in those with severe LV dysfunction.
Agreement between physician ratings and patient self-ratings of puberty for adolescents with delayed puberty during treatment with testosterone or estrogen. 9

Tanner sexual maturity ratings (SMR) done by physicians and by 39 boys and 17 girls with delayed puberty were estimated every 3 months for 8 visits during a placebo controlled, randomized, double blind, crossover, clinical trial of treatment with testosterone or estrogen using doses approximating early, middle and late pubertal levels. Agreements between physicians and patients at each visit were estimated using concordance correlations (CC range-1 to +1). For boys pubic hair development (PH) there was agreement at 6 of 8 comparisons (visits1-6); CC [mean(M)± SD for all 8 visits] M=.45±.10; Range(R) =.37-.58) and for genital development (G) for only 3 of 8 comparisons (visits 1,5, 6).;CC-M=.28±.13, R=.27-.48). At earlier visits boys scored themselves higher and at later visits lower than physicians when there were disagreements. For girls breast development (B) there was agreement 5 of 8 visits (1-5); CC-M=.77±.10 R=.56-.77) and for PH for 8 of 8 comparisons (CC-M=.55±.19 R=.62-.89). For B girls scored themselves significantly lower than physicians when there were disagreements These data suggest that boys with pubertal delay poorly estimate their state of PH and G maturation. Girls poorly estimate B development. PH ratings for boys and girls have higher CC than G or B ratings suggesting that G or B development may be more salient than PH development in adolescents with delayed puberty. Treatment with testosterone or conjugated estrogen does not change their self-estimates as they progress through puberty. Boys and girls with pubertal delay are less accurate than normals (reported in the literature) in estimating their SMR suggesting that self-perceptions of pubertal maturation in adolescents with delayed puberty are disturbed. Boys' CC are lower than girls' CC suggesting that boys' perceptions may be more affected than girls' perceptions.
Results on the Performance of a Broad Band Focussing Cherenkov Counter

The field of ring imaging (broad band differential) Cherenkov detectors has become a very active area of interest in detector development at several high energy physics laboratories. Our group has previously reported on a method of Cherenkov ring imaging for a counter with large momentum and angular acceptance using standard photo multipliers. Recently, we have applied this technique to the design of a set of Cherenkov counters for use in a particle search experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This new detector operates over the range 0.998 < s < 1.000 in velocity with a ?s ~ 2 x 10-4. The acceptance in angle is ± 14 mrad in the horizontal and ± 28 mrad in the vertical. We report here on the performance of this counter.
An Analysis of Hope as a Psychological Strength.

Abstract Psychologists have placed an increased emphasis on identifying psychological strengths that foster healthy development. Hope, as operationalized in Snyder's hope theory Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., & Danovsky, M., et al. (1997). The development and validation of the children’s hope scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 22, 399–421], is one such cognitive-motivational construct that has received recent attention as a potential psychological strength that may serve as a protective factor for adolescents in the face of adverse life events. This longitudinal study, involving middle and high school students, provided evidence of (1) stability of hope reports of adolescents over a 1-year period, (2) predictive validity of adolescent hope reports, and (3) hope's functional role as a moderator in the relationship between stressful life events and adolescent well-being. Taken together, the results provide support for consideration of hope as a key psychological strength in youth. The findings are consistent with theories of motivation in which individual differences in hopeful thinking are conceptualized to play a functional role in linking life events and psychological well being.
Postoperative pulse oximetry of patients in maxillomandibular fixation

Following oral and maxillofacial surgery requiring maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), patients are at risk for respiratory problems that may result in decreased arterial oxygen saturation. As a pilot study, oxygen saturation was continuously monitored for 36 hours in 34 patients having 37 procedures requiring MMF. There were 28 hypoxic episodes in 12 patients. These observations emphasize the need for continuous respiratory monitoring during the postoperative period for patients in MMF, even when supplemental oxygen is used.
Significance of pathologic patterns of pelvic lymph node metastases in endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to correlate the pathologic characteristics of pelvic lymph node metastases with survival, recurrence, and patterns of recurrence in endometrial cancer. Methods. Sixty patients with epithelial endometrial cancer and pelvic node metastasis were managed surgically between 1984 and 1993 at the Mayo Clinic. The mean number of nodes harvested was 16.7 and the mean number of nodes positive was 3.0. Mean follow-up was 45.5 months. The pathologic patterns of lymph node metastases were characterized. Results. Outcome was related to pathologic patterns of pelvic node metastasis. Both diameter of lymph node metastasis ( P P ≤ 0.01) influenced 5-year disease-related survival and 5-year progression-free survival. The percentage of biopsied pelvic lymph nodes harboring metastatic disease and the proportion of the involved lymph nodes occupied by tumor significantly influenced death rates and recurrence rates ( P P = 0.005) and proportion of positive pelvic nodes biopsied (RR = 3.84; P = 0.01) were significant predictors of recurrence, whereas diameter of metastasis (RR = 3.68; P = 0.02) and proportion of positive pelvic nodes biopsied (RR = 4.04; P = 0.02) were most predictive of survival. Conclusions. The pathologic patterns of pelvic node metastasis appear to be significantly related to survival, recurrence, and patterns of recurrence.
Slogans, slots, and slander: the myth of day care need.

Prevailing definitions of need for day care are examined, and the problems of estimating consumer demand for day care services are discussed. The author emphasizes the diversity of day care services needed, and focuses on how natural systems of service delivery can reach and strengthen informal child care in the community.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURES OF NITROMETHANE COMPLEXES OF FURANOTRIBENZO-21-CROWN-7 AND DIBENZO-21-CROWN-7

Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of two nitromethane complexes of furanotribenzo-21-crown-7 (1 and2) and the nitromethane complex of dibenzo-2l-crown-7 (3) are reported. The two nitromethane complexes1 and2 are polymorphic in that the macrocyclic ring adopts the ‘dentist's chair’ conformation in both structures, with a single nitromethane molecule coordinating to either the lower, concave (1) or upper, convex (2) face of the crown ether. Complex3 adopts an entirely different conformation with a coplanar arrangement of the crown ether oxygen atoms binding a single nitromethane molecule.
Voluntary employee turnover: why IT professionals leave

A study was conducted to determine the reasons for the steady rise in voluntary employee turnover, particularly in the US IT industry. The study focused on the potential differences between Generation X IT workers and others. The study found that many employees leave mainly because of distrust between management and employees. To fix this problem and counter voluntary turnover, open two-way communication must flow between IT employees and senior management. Leaders must listen to the concerns of valued employees about new technologies and provide a voice for employees to contribute to the organization's future. Without these improvements, an organization risks considerable costs that it can ill afford in highly competitive business environments
Measure of the elastic and transport properties of TaSe3 through the stress-induced phase transition.

Abstract It is known that a stress-induced phase transition exists in TaSe3. [1, 2] We have simultaneously measured the stress, strain and resistance in TaSe3 samples through this phase transition. We have performed these measurements over a range of temperature from 25K to 300K We have also evaluated Young's modulus, Y, over this same range and find values which are comparable with those obtained for TaS3 and NbSe3. The modulus appears to have two levels; a high stress and low stress value which is consistent with the origin of the transition being structural in nature. The dramatic electronic properties that this material exhibits under stress are discussed in terms of this structural transition.
Modulation of Calmodulin Plasticity by the Effect of Macromolecular Crowding

Abstract In vitro biochemical reactions are most often studied in dilute solution, a poor mimic of the intracellular space of eukaryotic cells, which are crowded with mobile and immobile macromolecules. Such crowded conditions exert volume exclusion and other entropic forces that have the potential to impact chemical equilibria and reaction rates. In this article, we used the well-characterized and ubiquitous molecule calmodulin (CaM) and a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches to address how crowding impacts CaM's conformational plasticity. CaM is a dumbbell-shaped molecule that contains four EF hands (two in the N-lobe and two in the C-lobe) that each could bind Ca2+, leading to stabilization of certain substates that favor interactions with other target proteins. Using coarse-grained molecular simulations, we explored the distribution of CaM conformations in the presence of crowding agents. These predictions, in which crowding effects enhance the population of compact structures, were then confirmed in experimental measurements using fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques of donor- and acceptor-labeled CaM under normal and crowded conditions. Using protein reconstruction methods, we further explored the folding-energy landscape and examined the structural characteristics of CaM at free-energy basins. We discovered that crowding stabilizes several different compact conformations, which reflects the inherent plasticity in CaM's structure. From these results, we suggest that the EF hands in the C-lobe are flexible and can be thought of as a switch, while those in the N-lobe are stiff, analogous to a rheostat. New combinatorial signaling properties may arise from the product of the differential plasticity of the two distinct lobes of CaM in the presence of crowding. We discuss the implications of these results for modulating CaM's ability to bind Ca2+ and target proteins.
Characterization of endoleaks by dynamic computed tomographic angiography

Abstract Background Current imaging modalities may not be able to detect endoleaks, differentiate between type II and type III, or localize inflow and outflow sources. We describe a new technique that can characterize endoleaks to guide secondary intervention. Methods One hundred four patients with Zenith (Cook, Inc.) endograft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) were monitored by serial computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Endoleaks were evaluated with a dynamic CTA using a stationary table position, 24-mm beam collimation, and continuous scanning over 30 to 40 seconds to create a cine. Results Twelve patients (12%) had endoleaks that persisted or appeared more than 30 days post-deployment. Five patients in whom the standard CT surveillance protocol could not differentiate type II versus type III endoleaks underwent dynamic CTA. This technique accurately characterized the endoleaks and localized inflow and outflow branches to guide the subsequent successful secondary interventions. Conclusions Dynamic CTA is a useful technique to evaluate endoleaks for characterization and precise localization to guide secondary interventional therapy.
Eikonal exchange amplitudes

We show that the existing and widely used results for an approximation to eikonal exchange amplitudes, which contain an indeterminate phase, are not valid. We derive a new analytic result, containing a well-defined phase, which can be used unambiguously with direct amplitudes to calculate full differential cross sections. The modulus of our result also differs from that of the previous formulations. Comparisons are made with the earlier ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-H approximate exchange calculations and with exact eikonal exchange calculations.
Estimate of the Energy Flux from Time-Distance Analysis

In this Letter we show that time-distance measurements in helioseismology can be used to estimate the energy flux on the solar surface. Nonreciprocity of travel time along the ray path and different parity properties of sound speed, flow velocity, and magnetic field allow one to obtain information on large-scale distribution of plasma flows and magnetic fields. Here we extend our analysis and show that the covariance of sum and difference of the reciprocal travel times is a measure of large-scale, "climatological" heat flux and that the covariance of sum and difference of their departures from the mean gives an estimate for the magnetic energy flux. Using the reciprocal travel times measured in north-south and west-east directions, one can estimate the latitude- and longitude-dependent energy fluxes. The possibility of estimating the "eddy" fluxes, the heat and magnetic energy transport provided by small-scale motions, is outlined.
Upregulation of IL-21 Receptor on B Cells and IL-21 Secretion Distinguishes Novel 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Responders from Nonresponders among HIV-Infected Persons on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Mechanisms underlying failure of novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine-induced Ab responses in HIV-infected persons are poorly understood. This study prospectively evaluated 16 HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy and eight healthy controls (HC) who received a single 15 μg dose of nonadjuvanted novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline (T0) and at 7 d (T1) and 28 d (T2) postvaccination for evaluation of immune responses. Prevaccination hemagglutination inhibition Ab titer was <1:20 in all except one study participant. At T2, all HC and 8 out of 16 patients (50%) developed a vaccine-induced Ab titer of ≥1:40. Vaccine responder (R) and vaccine nonresponder patients were comparable at T0 in age, CD4 counts, virus load, and B cell immunophenotypic characteristics. At T2, HC and R patients developed an expansion of phenotypic and functional memory B cells and ex vivo H1N1-stimulated IgG Ab-secreting cells in an ELISPOT assay. The memory B cell response was preceded by a significant expansion of plasmablasts and spontaneous H1N1-specific Ab-secreting cells at T1. At T2, HC and R patients also exhibited significant increases in serum IL-21 levels and in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of IL-21R–expressing B cells, which correlated with serum H1N1 Ab titers. Vaccine nonresponder patients failed to develop the above-described vaccine-induced immunologic responses. The novel association of novel 2009 H1N1 vaccine-induced Ab responses with IL-21/IL-21R upregulation and with development of memory B cells and plasmablasts has implications for future research in vaccine design.
Motivation and planning as mediators of the relation between social support and physical activity among U.S. adolescents: a nationally representative study

More than half of U.S. high-school students do not meet the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 5 hours per week recommendation. The purpose of this study was to determine how individual dimensions (motivation and planning) mediate the relationship of social context with physical activity by integrating available measures of personal characteristic including internal/external motivations (derived from Self-Determination Theory -SDT]) for MVPA, MVPA planning, peer MVPA, and parental support to better understand adolescent MVPA. Survey responses of a nationally representative cohort of 11th graders (N = 2439) in the NEXT Generation Health Study were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Adolescent MVPA was directly, significantly associated with MVPA planning (β = 0.17), peer MVPA (β = 0.21), and internal motivation (β = 0.50). Internal motivation was associated with peer MVPA (β = 0.31), parental support for MVPA (β = 0.16), and external motivation (β = 0.40). A significant relation between parental support and external motivation (β = 0.31) was also found. Adolescents with higher internal motivation and more active friends were more likely to engage in MVPA. The results are consistent with SDT and suggest that planning is an important construct for adolescent MVPA.
Tall Fescue for Backgrounding in Preparation for Small-Grain or Bermudagrass Pasture1

Abstract The objective of these studies was to compare potential season-long grazing systems for stocker calves using endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) or small grain forages (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and rye [Secale cereale L.]) prior to the spring graze-out period on small grain or early summer grazing on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pasture. Forty steers in 2002 (202 ± 3.0 kg) and 32 steers in 2003 (230 ± 3.9 kg) grazed 1.6-ha replicates (2.5 calves/ha) of endophyte-infected tall fescue or small grain pasture from March 13 to May 8; then, all groups grazed a single 16-ha pasture of common bermudagrass until August 15. Calves that grazed small grains during the spring graze-out period gained more (P 0.05) between calves that grazed tall fescue or small grain pasture previously. Despite the lesser BW gains measured when calves grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue during the winter or spring, no compensatory gain was measured when tall fescue calves subsequently were grazed on small grain or bermudagrass pasture.
Accidental Nd:YAG laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

Background There are few reports in the literature to describe the natural history of an occupational Nd:YAG laser-induced retinal injury. Methods The chronological response to a Nd:YAG laser-induced injury was studied in a 48-year-old male using the techniques of color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. When he developed choroidal neovascularization his response to photodynamic therapy with verteporfin was recorded. Results The patient initially developed a macular hole, which spontaneously closed. Three months after the injury a choroidal neovascular membrane developed. This stabilized after the use of photodynamic therapy. Conclusions Surgical closure of Nd:YAG induced macular holes should be delayed to allow spontaneous closure. Photodynamic therapy was successful in treating choroidal neovascularization in this case. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:240–242, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Writing students' self-assessment of communication skills in the service learning classroom: Preliminary results of a quasi-experiment

While many studies have investigated postgraduate professionals' perceptions of collaborative writing skills, few investigate undergraduates' perceptions before graduation. The purpose of this study was to provide a place for students to critically assess the communication and writing skills they bring to the workplace, and articulate how those skills will serve their future. The study's design used a content analysis of 200 job ads in large metropolitan setting, representing a variety of employment sectors. The researcher developed a pre- and post-test 35-item survey, asking students (n = 42) about the job postings' 30 most common professional communication themes. During the pre-test, nearly one third (30.8%) of students, including seniors, had not begun to think about how their skills would translate to professional positions after graduation; by the post-tests, only 6.8% reported the same. Students indicated that the service learning classroom provided a comfortable place to negotiate how their own skills aligned with those expected by employers before entering the job search. Integrating a similar longitudinal scale into existing writing courses, particularly service learning courses, may be of value to programs' internal assessment efforts, help students feel more confident about their major, and reflect positively on program outcomes.
A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING PARTICULATE FLUORIDE COMPOUNDS

Summary A method is described for identifying particulates containing fluorides and other complex fluorine compounds such as fluosilicate in samples collected on membrane filters. The filter is treated with lead chloride to precipitate lead chlorofluoride at each fluoride-containing spot. This microspot is identified by examination in a light microscope. Sulfate and phosphate, which also precipitate if present, can be distinguished and do not interfere. Calibrations are given for the fluorides and the more insoluble salts, relating the original particle size to the reaction site size. Thus the mass of the particles can be calculated. Results of some field tests in an area of fluoride pollution are given, and compared with standard testing procedures.
Burning Rate Optimization Under Uncertainty Using Response Surfaces and Monte Carlo Simulation

Response surface methods were applied to a model for regression rate of the solid fuel grain in a mixed oxidizer hybrid rocket. A Monte Carlo simulation-based uncertainty analysis was developed and applied to experimentally determine response surface coefficients and was further integrated into maximization and optimization runs to provide bounding upper and lower uncertainty limits on burning rate as a function of grain composition and motor operating conditions. The regression or burning rate model incorporates motor chamber pressure and injected gaseous oxidizer mass flux as well as solid-propellant formulation effects. Existing experimental data were used to determine model parameters, which subsequently framed a set of optimization case scenarios for maximization of regression rate and exploration of mixture and operational space with specified burning rate constraints. Line contour and response surface plots were generated to aid in visualization of results, including plots of nominal upper and lowe...
If You Want Good Systems Engineers, Sometimes You Have To Grow Your Own!

Given the ever increasing number, scope and complexity of systems today, it is vital to have a cadre of highly trained and skilled systems engineers to ensure that those systems are developed and operated successfully. But from where will those systems engineers come? The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has come to the conclusion that if you want them, sometimes you have to grow your own. The JPL Systems Engineering Advancement (SEA) project was launched in FY2004 to advance the practice of systems engineering at JPL, and to address the three key aspects of change: people, process and technology. A significant major portion of the People component of the SEA Project is devoted to a systems engineering on-the-job training (OJT) program. The SEA OJT program will train 50 systems engineers over a five year period according to a three-pronged systems engineering competency model. This competency model includes technical domain knowledge, understanding of systems engineering standards, processes and practices, and highly valued behavioral attributes. The behavioral attributes fall into four broad categories: leadership, communication, problem solving and systems thinking, and attitudes and attributes. The SEA Project wrestled with determining the best way to train potential systems engineers along each axis of the competency model, especially how best to inculcate the behavioral attributes. Ultimately, they determined a range of activities that would accomplish their objectives. This mix includes classroom training, hands-on project experience, mentoring and coaching, shadowing, 360 degree feedback, and attending conferences and workshops. This paper1,2 provides an overview of the JPL SEA OJT Program including the candidate selection criteria, selection process, training approach and activities, and lessons learned.
Skills training versus psychosocial occupational therapy for persons with persistent schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the community functioning of outpatients with persistent forms of schizophrenia after treatment with psychosocial occupational therapy or social skills training, with the latter conducted by paraprofessionals. METHOD: Eighty outpatients with persistent forms of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive either psychosocial occupational therapy or skills training for 12 hours weekly for 6 months, followed by 18 months of follow-up with case management in the community. Antipsychotic medication was prescribed through “doctor's choice” by psychiatrists who were blind to the psychosocial treatment assignments. RESULTS: Patients who received skills training showed significantly greater independent living skills during a 2-year follow-up of everyday community functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Skills training can be effectively conducted by paraprofessionals, with durability and generalization of the skills greater than that achieved by occupational therapists who provide their patie...
Characteristics and Outcomes of Sentinel Node–Positive Breast Cancer Patients after Total Mastectomy without Axillary-Specific Treatment

Purpose. Regional failure rates are low in patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) who undergo breast-conserving therapy without axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The applicability of these findings to total mastectomy (TM) patients is not established. Our aims were to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of SLNB-positive TM patients who did not receive axillaryspecific treatment and to compare them to similar patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Methods. A total of 535 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent definitive breast surgery (210 TM, 325 BCS), had a positive SLNB and did not receive ALND between 1997 and 2009 were identified from an institutional database. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between the TM and BCS groups. Results. Most patients had stage I to IIA, estrogen receptor–positive, progesterone receptor–positive, Her2negative invasive ductal carcinoma, with minimal nodal disease. Compared to the BCS group, TM patients were younger, had larger tumors, had higher nomogram scores predicting additional axillary disease and were more likely to receive chemotherapy. Ninety-four percent of the BCS cohort and 5 % of the TM cohort received adjuvant radiotherapy. At a median follow-up of 57.8 months, the 4-year local, regional and distant failure rates were 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 % in the TM group and 1.4, 1.0 and 3.7 % in the BCS group. The 4-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 94.8 and 97.8 % in the TM group and 90.1 and 92.6 % in the BCS group. Conclusions. Early-stage breast cancer patients with minimal sentinel node disease experience excellent outcomes without ALND, whether they undergo BCS or TM. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has long been considered the standard of care for clinically node-negative, early-stage breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). One rationale for this practice has been to reduce the risk of regional nodal recurrence. However, this logic has been challenged by several recent studies that have reported low rates of axillary failure after omission of ALND in select patients with a positive SLNB. 1–3 Most patients in these trials underwent surgery with thorough margin evaluation and received contemporary systemic and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Each of these factors may have contributed to their excellent outcomes. The best known of these studies is American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011, which randomized women with up to 2 positive nodes after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and SLNB to either ALND or observation. All patients received whole breast RT with standard opposing tangents. Additional supraclavicular or axillary fields were not permitted. With a median follow-up of 6.3 years, regional nodal recurrence rates were equivalent between the arms and less than 1 %. 4
Myc-enhanced expression of Cul1 promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and cell cycle progression

The c-Myc oncoprotein plays an important role in the growth and proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells. To execute these actions, c-Myc is thought to regulate functionally diverse sets of genes that directly govern cellular mass and progression through critical cell cycle transitions. Here, we provide several lines of evidence that c-Myc promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by directly activating expression of the Cul1 gene, encoding a critical component of the ubiquitin ligase SCFSKP2. The cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 is a known target of the SCFSKP2 complex, and Myc-induced Cul1 expression matched well with the kinetics of declining p27kip1 protein. Enforced Cul1 expression or antisense neutralization of p27kip1 was capable of overcoming the slow-growth phenotype of c-Myc null primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In reconstitution assays, the addition of in vitro translated Cul1 protein alone was able to restore p27kip1 ubiquitination and degradation in lysates derived from c-myc−/− MEFs or density-arrested human fibroblasts. These functional and biochemical data provide a direct link between c-Myc transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and together support the view that c-Myc promotes G1 exit in part via Cul1-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of the CDK inhibitor, p27kip1.
Bone Marrow Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Clinical Trial Review

Cardiovascular disease continues to represent a significant and growing source of morbidity and mortality despite advances in traditional treatments. As a result, increasing interest and research in regenerative therapies has emerged in recent years. Among them, cell therapy represents an area of significant potential. An expanding clinical literature now exists involving the use of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. These early studies appear to provide promising results in patient populations that include those with refractory angina, ischemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction, and end-stage heart failure. This review serves to provide a comprehensive examination of these clinical trials focused on several components including cell preparation, cell delivery, safety, and efficacy of these trials.
A Recommender System to Nudge Customers in a Capacity Constrained Supply Chain

We seek to develop a recommender system that takes into account supply chain constraints regarding the availability of a product while nudging the customers to purchase it. The motivation to study this problem was because a firm faced availability constraints for one of its products but the available quantities still exceeded the current demand. To identify customers to nudge, we develop a Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach to rank order the customers based on their propensity to purchase the product. The underlying notion in our approach is that Type I errors in our classifier are not necessarily problematic but are potential nudging targets. Also, as a consequence, traditional ways of evaluating classifiers (with Type I and Type II errors) are not appropriate. Therefore, we conduct a field experiment to evaluate how well the identified customers are nudged through information and/or couponing. We find that, in terms of the successful nudges, our SVM-based approach performed better than other approaches. The experiment also generated insights about when couponing as opposed to information is more effective when nudging.
Interstitial gastrotrichs in some South Florida beaches

Abstract The interstitial fauna of gastrotrichs in calcareous and silicious sands of some beaches in southern Florida is described. 18 species are described of which 6 are new to science. Most species were found to eat diatoms. The fauna of gastrotrichs was found to be richer in coarser sands; in fine sands and especially in sulphide containing sands only few species are present. Finally the assumption that the interstitial fauna is cosmopolitic is discussed.
Inverse adaptive neuro-control of a turbo-fan engine

Neural Networks have been successfully used for implementing control architectures for different applications. In this work we examine neural network augmented inverse adaptive control of a turbo-fan engine. This implementation is classified as a level one intelligent control where changes in the system during the course of its operation can be corrected with an adaptive controller. The inverse control architecture presented uses a neural network to augment an existing proportional-integral (PI) controller to accommodate engine changes. The present architecture is implemented on a linear model as well as on a nonlinear engine model that was provided by General Electric. The non-linear engine model used for the simulation is a XTE46 turbo-fan engine. The model simulates a changed engine by changing the flow and efficiency scalars of the various components of the engine, namely, the fan, the compressor, and the turbines. Results of using the inverse adaptive neurocontrol show excellent command following abilities even in the presence of big engine changes.
Understanding and Utilizing Properties of Phase Space near a Periodic Orbit for the Jupiter Europa Orbiter

In this work, we investigate the properties of phase space near a periodic orbit and the applications to orbit design and orbit determination. We compute a low altitude, near-polar periodic orbit and generate an error covariance by processing range-rate and altimetry measurements over seven days. The resulting covariance is used to disperse the orbit initial conditions in a Monte Carlo simulation. We show that the lifetime distribution of the Monte Carlo run has certain properties due to the stable and unstable manifolds associated with the periodic orbit. Periodic orbit continuation is used to generate a family of orbits with similar phase space characteristics to understand the variation of manifold structure with orbit elements and Jacobi energy. We demonstrate mathematically how the manifold structure of a periodic orbit inuences the accumulation of the information matrix in the ltering process and present conclusions regarding the connection between orbit lifetime, design, and manifold characteristics.
SAFETY OF EARLY DISCHARGE AFTER MINIMALIST TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Minimalist transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), performed with transfemoral access under conscious sedation guided by fluoroscopy and transthoracic echocardiogram, has a similar success rate with a lower cost and length of stay than TAVR in the operating room. We aimed to determine the