cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dieting practices, weight perceptions, and body composition: A comparison of normal weight, overweight, and obese college females

Of concern to health educators is the suggestion that college females practice diet and health behaviors that contradict the 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans. In this regard, there remain gaps in the research related to dieting among college females. Namely, do normal weight individuals diet differently from those who are overweight or obese, and are there dieting practices used by females that can be adapted to promote a healthy body weight? Since it is well recognized that females diet, this study seeks to determine the dieting practices used among normal, overweight, and obese college females (do they diet differently) and identify dieting practices that could be pursued to help these females more appropriately achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. A total of 185 female college students aged 18 to 24 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured to assess body composition. Surveys included a dieting practices questionnaire and a 30-day physical activity recall. Participants were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (n = 113), overweight (n = 35), or obese (n = 21). Data were analyzed using JMP IN® software. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviations, and frequency. Subsequent data analysis involved Pearson X 2 and one-way analysis of variance with comparison for all pairs that were significantly different using Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference test. Outcomes of this study indicate the majority of participants (83%) used dieting for weight loss and believed they would be 2% to 6% greater than current weight if they did not diet; normal weight, overweight, and obese groups perceived attractive weight to be 94%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, of current weight; 80% of participants reported using physical activity to control weight, although only 19% exercised at a level that would promote weight loss; only two of 15 dieting behaviors assessed differed in terms of prevalence of use among groups, which were consciously eating less than you want (44% normal weight, 57% overweight, 81% obese) and using artificial sweeteners (31% normal weight and overweight, 5% obese); and the most prevalent explicit maladaptive weight loss behavior was smoking cigarettes (used by 9% of participants) and most unhealthy was skipping breakfast (32%). Collectively, results indicate female college students, regardless of weight status, would benefit from open discussions with health educators regarding healthy and effective dieting practices to achieve/maintain a healthy body weight. The results are subject to replication among high school, middle-aged, and older females.
Aspect Ratio Impact on RF and DC Performance of State-of-the-Art Short-Channel GaN and InGaAs HEMTs

We report a comparison between state-of-the-art GaN and InGaAs HEMTs in terms of the minimum aspect ratio required to limit short-channel effects. DC and RF simulations were carried out through our full-band cellular Monte Carlo simulator, which includes the full details of the band structure and the phonon spectra. Our results indicate that the minimum aspect ratio for GaN devices is 15 for negligible short-channel effects and 10 for reduced short-channel effects. On the other hand, InGaAs devices perform well for lower aspect ratio values such as 7.5 and 4-5 for negligible and reduced effects, respectively. The origin of this difference between GaN and InGaAs HEMTs is believed to be related to the different dielectric constants of the two materials and the corresponding difference in the electric field distributions related to short-channel effects.
Central venous catheter thrombosis and the fibrin sleeve: unraveling the mystery

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second most common cause of death among outpatients with cancer 1. Twenty to thirty percent of all first episodes of VTE occur in patients with cancer, and cancer patients carry a 4-7-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis (DVT) compared with the general population2. While the overall cumulative incidence of DVT in patients with cancer is 1-8% 2, the incidence of clinically overt or venographically evident DVT in patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) may rise as high as 28 and 66%, respectively 3. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Decoherence, determinism and chaos revisited

We suggest that the derivation of the free space Maxwell Equations for classical electromagnetism, using a discrete ordered calculus developed by L.H. Kauffman and T. Etter, necessarily pushes the discussion of determinism in natural science down to the level of relativistic quantum mechanics and hence renders the mathematical phenomena studied in deterministic chaos research irrelevant to the question of whether the world investigated by physics is deterministic. We believe that this argument reinforces Suppes' contention that the issue of determinism versus indeterminism should be viewed as a Kantian antinomy incapable of investigation using currently available scientific tools.
Dealing with the Increasing Public Debt in Egypt

The objective of this paper is to identify the magnitude of the public debt problem in Egypt and to provide some guidelines for policymakers in dealing with the increasing public debt. In the paper, the issue of public debt is looked at as a result of the interaction of fiscal policy and the economic performance, and not as a statistical concept only. It consists of four sections and an introduction. Section (1) provides an identification of the magnitude of the public debt problem in Egypt. Section (2) presents a forecast of the level of public debt in Egypt till the year 2020 using a VAR model. Section (3) provides a forecast for the size of the public debt in Egypt under various scenarios where both economic growth and fiscal policy were considered. Section (4) summarizes the findings and policy recommendations that came out of this study. The conclusions drawn from this research may be summarized as follows. (1) Based on the model used in the paper and public debt indicators, public debt in Egypt is expected to be sustainable till the year 2020. (2) Economic growth has a very strong impact on reducing public debt in Egypt. (3) Fiscal consolidation is very important in reducing public debt because of its impact on economic growth. However, in the process of fiscal consolidation, the Egyptian government has to consider rationalizing spending and not to cut investment spending.
Angular distribution of dileptons in high-energy hadron collisions

We give the general form of the angular distribution of lepton pairs produced in hadron collisions, where each dilepton is assumed to come from the decay of a virtual photon. The Drell-Yan model extended to include parton transverse momentum (with on-shell quarks) is then used to calculate the three coefficients in the distribution.
Modifying egg yolk cholesterol in the domestic fowl—a review

Much controversy exists regarding the specific relationship between diet, plasma lipids and development of heart disease in humans. Irrespective of the controversy, there is growing public concern ...
Pervaporation of Aqueous Ethanol Mixtures through Poly(Dimethyl Siloxane) Membranes

Abstract The separation of ethanol/water mixtures by pervaporation with a poly (dimethyl siloxane) membrane has been studied. The membrane exhibited ethanol selectivity during all process runs. Investigations focused on the effects of temperature and permeate-side pressure on membrane transport with dilute ethanol feed solutions. An increase in temperature increased the flux exponentially but had little effect on selectivity. As the permeate-side pressure was increased, the flux decreased. Selectivity did not change appreciably over the pressure range evaluated. Studies also analyzed the effect of feed concentration on flux and selectivity. Flux increased and selectivity decreased as the ethanol feed concentration increased. The permeate concentration profile is superior to a standard vapor–liquid equilibrium curve at low ethanol feed concentrations.
Gender Gaps in College Enrollment The Role of Gender Sorting Across Public High Schools

This article uses Florida administrative data to evaluate the role that public high schools play in the growing female advantage in college enrollment. We first show evidence of gender sorting across public high schools that is beyond what one would observe if students were randomly assigned to their schools. Using regression and decomposition techniques, we then find that across-school gender sorting explains 12% and 16% of females’ higher rates of enrollment among Hispanic and Black students, respectively. This relatively large contribution of high schools to gender disparities in college enrollment among Black and Hispanic students has implications for educators at all levels.
Context availability and the recall of abstract and concrete words

Predictions of an automatic-imagery, strategic-imagery, and context-availability hypothesis of concreteness effects in free recall were examined. In each experiment, recall of abstract and concrete words controlled for rated context availability was compared with the typical situation in which context availability is confounded with imageability. In Experiment 1, a directed intentional-recall task produced concreteness effects in recall. Experiment 2 compared concreteness effects in recall following three orienting tasks: imagery rating, context-availability rating, and a directed intentional-memory task. Concreteness effects in the context-availability-controlled condition were found following the imagery-rating and the directed intentional-memory tasks, but not after the context-availability-rating task. In Experiment 3, subjects reported the strategies that they used to encode the list. Subjects reporting an imagery strategy showed concreteness effects for words controlled for rated context availability, but those not reporting it did not. These results support a strategic-imagery view of concreteness effects in free recall.
Conversation trees and threaded chats

Chat programs and instant messaging services are increasingly popular among Internet users. However, basic issues with the interfaces and data structures of most forms of chat limit their utility for use in formal interactions (like group meetings) and decision-making tasks. In this paper, we discuss Threaded Text Chat, a program designed to address some of the deficiencies of current chat programs. Standard forms of chat introduce ambiguity into interaction in a number of ways, most profoundly by rupturing connections between turns and replies. Threaded Chat presents a solution to this problem by supporting the basic turn-taking structure of human conversation. While the solution introduces interface design challenges of its own, usability studies show that users' patterns of interaction in Threaded Chat are equally effective, but different (and possibly more efficient) than standard chat programs.
Time delay adaptive arrays for wideband signals

In many modern communications systems adaptive antenna arrays are widely used for signal tracking and interference rejection. The algorithms and their performance under different scenarios are widely reported in the literature. In this paper an adaptive antenna system capable of protecting a weak communication signal from a strong interfering signal is described. The concern here is with the case where the signals are wideband, so that time delays are needed after the antenna elements to achieve a broadband pattern. A BPSK modulated signal is used for illustrating the performance of this time delay algorithm.
Reply to the Commentaries: Of Course, We Do Not Yet Know What It Is All about, but Functional Contextualism Is a Good Place to Start

In this reply to the commentaries, we note several points of disagreement with Johnson and Greenman on theoretical and empirical grounds. We are particularly surprised by their assumption that attachment has already been established as the key mechanism of change in couple therapy, as our present findings do not support this idea. We also elaborate on Gurman's functional contextualist views and describe why IBCT may be a particularly helpful model for training new couple therapists in a contextualist way.
Comparison of soil reflectance spectra and calibration models obtained using multiple spectrometers

In the literature of visible and near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR-DRS) for soil characterization, the effects of instruments and scanning environments on reflectance spectra and calibration models have not been well documented. To fill this knowledge gap, the goal of this study is to compare soil reflectance spectra and calibration models obtained with different spectrometers operated under different lab environments. Two sets of soil samples were used in this study. The first set (containing 180 samples collected from Quemado, Texas) was scanned by three spectrometers and no effort was provided to control the scanning protocol. The second set (containing 264 samples from Central Texas) was scanned by two spectrometers, and efforts were provided intentionally to control the scanning protocol. Partial least squares regression was applied to develop calibration models for soil organic carbon (OC) content using the first derivative spectra. Three calibration transfer methods (namely, slope and bias correction, direct standardization, and piecewise direct standardization) were used to transfer calibration models from one instrument to another. In the experiment where no scanning control was provided, significant differences were seen in mean soil spectra by different spectrometers. But cross-validation indicated that all three models can predict OC accurately. However, the OC models are quite dissimilar to each other in terms of the regression coefficients at each wavelength, and their application to the spectra measured by other instruments generally yielded poor results. All three calibration transfer methods provided a satisfactory application of the OC model calibrated on the primary instrument to secondary instruments. In the experiment where some controls were provided, mean soil spectra by different spectrometers matched each other well. The two OC models were quite similar, and model application to the spectra measured by the other instrument yielded satisfactory predictions. When scanning control was provided; however, model transfer methods improved the calibration model only marginally. All results indicate that VNIR-DRS calibration models are highly instrument/scanning environment dependent, and their extent of applicability could be highly limited. Provision of controls over the scanning protocol has the potential to remove a great deal of spectral variations that are related to extraneous effects due to multiple instruments/scanning environment. The results of this study have important implications on the future use of VNIR-DRS as a routine method for soil characterization, such as comparisons among VNIR prediction models derived from different soil labs and a global soil spectral library, where multiple instruments have to be involved.
Biometallorganische Chemie mit IspG und IspH: Struktur, Funktion und Hemmung der an der Isoprenoid-Biosynthese beteiligten [Fe4S4]-Proteine

Enzyme des Methylerythritolphosphat-Weges sind eine attraktive Angriffsstelle fur Antiinfektiva. Die letzten beiden Enzyme dieses Biosyntheseweges, IspG und IspH, sind [Fe4S4]-Proteine, die uber neuartige Mechanismen 2 H+/2 e−-Reduktionen katalysieren und vom Menschen nicht gebildet werden. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir aktuelle Fortschritte der strukturellen, mechanistischen und inhibitorischen Studien zu diesen beiden Enzymen zusammen. Insbesondere werden mechanistische Vorschlage mit biometallorganischen Zwischenstufen vorgestellt und mit anderen mechanistischen Moglichkeiten verglichen. Auf Substratanaloga basierende Inhibitoren, die durch rationale Uberlegungen und das Screening von Substanzbibliotheken entwickelt wurden, werden diskutiert. Die prasentierten Ergebnisse untermauern die biometallorganischen Katalysemechanismen fur IspG und IspH und eroffnen Perspektiven fur die Entwicklung von Inhibitoren, die auf [Fe4S4]-Cluster in Proteinen zielen.
The Ages of Wonder Woman: Essays on the Amazon Princess in Changing Times Joseph J. Darowski, Editor. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2014.

The Ages of Wonder Woman: Essays on the Amazon Princess in Changing Times Joseph J. Darowski, Editor. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2014.A potential pitfall of writing about a long-running comic book character is that any broad, all-encompass-ing pronouncements risk being rendered problematic by the fact that these characters have been handled by so many artists and writers, each with his or her own sense of the character's essential qualities. So it is appropriate that The Ages of Wonder Woman, following in the footsteps of Darowski's The Ages of Superman: Essays on the Man of Steel in Changing Times (2012), focuses less on essential characteristics and more, as the title indicates, on the way comic creators have handled the character at different periods in her history. But because the cultural role of women has changed so much since 1942, "changing times" means much more for Wonder Woman than for Superman or Batman. Although these male heroes have certainly experienced flux in their characterizations, their basic elements have been readily adaptable to the changing times, but the history of Wonder Woman is, comparatively, something of a mess, as various authors have tried to shoehorn her character into post-World War Two conception of the ideal woman or paid lip service to progressive politics of the 1960s. Indeed, Wonder Woman's treatment has been extraordinarily inconsistent compared to that of her male counterparts. Effectively, it is this consistent inconsistency which drives the collection of essays appearing in The Ages of Wonder Woman.This volume is comprised of nineteen essays, each of which focuses on a particular period of the amazon princess's existence. The early essays, of course, focus on stories by her creator William Moulton Mars ton, a psychologist who imbued his character with his theories of "love leadership" and the liberating power of bondage. This age of Wonder Woman is perhaps the most fully explored in previous scholarship, yet these essays provide a new depth to such study. From here, the book explores the post-World War Two problems of a strong, independent woman in an era during which women were expected to abandon their work for the war effort and return to the domestic sphere. Here lie the uncomfortable efforts to keep Wonder Woman's physical prowess while promoting a model domesticity and traditional patterns of romance fiction. A full five essays examine a relatively short period in the late 1960s and early 1970s in which she lost her powers, abandoned her traditional costume, and adopted a "mod" look. …
Reforming Medical Malpractice Liability Through Contract

This paper discusses the medical malpractice “crisis” and the potential of contract liability to reduce overall malpractice costs as well as improve the quality of and access to care. First, the paper describes the current medical malpractice liability “system” and some of the more common reforms offered. It then discusses the economic rationale of allowing patients and providers to agree in advance of treatment on how the patient will be compensated in the event of simple negligence on the part of providers, explaining how contract liability may offer improvements in the areas of costs, patient preferences, the pursuit of more efficient liability rules, and quality of care. The paper then critiques select objections to contract liability – those based on the superior bargaining power of providers, the lack of information available to patients, and possible reductions in quality – and forwards possible limitations on the right to contract that may allay such concerns.
Hetero-core structured Fabry-Perot fiber sensor for liquid refractive index and Hydrogen gas detection

In this paper, we have developed a hetero-core structured fiber optic Fabry-Perot (FP) sensor. The hetero-core interface is simply made by fusion splicing two fibers with different core diameters. The hetero-core insertion length plays a role as a FP cavity length. The cavity length could be easily tuned by the insertion length of the hetero-core fiber. Additionally, the sensor has smooth-faced reflector on the hetero-core interface due to fabrication process comprised of cleaving and fusion splicing. Firstly, in order to evaluate the characteristic of the hetero-core structured FP sensor, we carried out the refractive index change experiment with water and glycerin solution. As a result, we can experimentally obtain the refractive index sensing ability of the proposed hetero-core FP sensor. Secondly, we carried out the hydrogen detection experiment by the hetero-core fiber FP sensor which has the 5-nm Pd thin film. We also confirmed that the H2 gas detection by the proposed sensor could be achieved based on the amplitude change in the FP fringe.
Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Perdeuteration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A simple and convenient method for the perdeuteration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that does not require strong acid has been developed. Using commercially available reagents, the one-step procedure provides a new route to perdeuterated derivatives of both common and exotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Microwave irradiation of the hydrocarbons in a solution of dimethylformamide-d7 containing potassium tert-butoxide affords rapid and essentially complete H/D exchange. For example, corannulene is converted to corannulene-d10 with >98% deuterium incorporation in just 1 h of microwave irradiation in a solution of t-BuOK/DMF-d7.
The "New Breed" Educator: A Rationale and Program for Combining Elementary and Special Education Teacher Preparation

The article begins with a brief history of how teachers were trained and children were grouped in American education, and describes how elementary and special education teacher-training programs emerged as two distinctly separate processes. The authors contend that a relatively recent knowledge base has emerged that permits all teachers to understand and meet the educational needs of individual children in the context of their developmental levels and stages, using both general and specific information. This new breed of developmentally oriented general educator is described, and the need for such teachers is addressed. It is suggested that elementary and special education teacher training programs be combined into a single program using developmental theory as the unifying theme. A program currently being implemented at La Salle University is described.
Bootstrap based Trans-Gaussian Kriging

Trans-Gaussian Kriging is a popular method for predicting unobserved values of a nonstationary and non-Gaussian spatial process. However, the predictions generated by Trans-Gaussian Kriging are oft...
The Effect of Recruit Quality on College Football Team Performance

Previous studies have examined the effect of recruiting classes on team performance in college football and found a positive correlation between recruiting classes and success on the field. The rel...
Symposium on reproduction of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. II. Meeting of the sexes.

Many parasitic species intimately associated with their hosts mate in the burrow, lair or rookery of the host, or on the host. Other species meet and mate on or near free-roaming hosts which they have sought out for feeding, oviposition or larviposition, whereas some blow fly and flesh fly species mate near dead “hosts” on which eggs or larvae are deposited. Another common method of encounter is meeting at a specific topographic site attractive to both sexes (e.g., a hilltop, stream or trail). Some species meet at emergence sites. In species of Diptera which aggregate at specific sites, males swarm or hover over a distinctively recognizable landmark or perch on or adjacent to the landmark. Males wait for females at aggregation sites for about 30 min. to several hours each day; females generally are present at such sites only as long as it takes to copulate. Pursuit by a male and subsequent coupling occurs after a female enters a male swarm or flies over a perched male. The opposite sex is accepted or rejected, within centimeters, on the basis of chemical, acoustic, visual or tactile stimuli. Sex pheromones or assembling scents have now been associated with several species of medical-veterinary importance, but these chemicals do not appear to attract from long distances. They seem more important as a means of contact recognition of the sexes after they have met. Females of most species mate only once, with members of the Nematocera and Brachycera normally mating before seeking a blood meal. Females of most Cyclorrapha, and many arthropods other than Diptera, feed on protein before mating.
The relationship of monkey frontal eye field activity to saccade dynamics

1. In this study, we compared the temporal waveforms of the activity of monkey frontal eye field movement neurons with the dynamics of saccadic eye movements. 2. Movement neurons in the frontal eye field were selected according to previously published criteria. They had little or no response to visual stimuli in a fixation task, and equivalent activity before visually guided and memory-guided saccades. We studied corticotectal neurons and corticopontine neurons identified by antidromic excitation, as well as neurons whose projections were not identified. 3. These neurons had a peak activation at a mean of 13 ms before the saccade began. However, rather than falling off rapidly as the saccade ended, most neurons continued to fire after the saccade, returning to baseline at a mean of 93 ms after the end of the saccade. 4. We measured the decrement in activity for these neurons during the saccade. Although a few neurons showed decrements of > 60% of their peak activity level, the average activity dropped only 16.9%, with some neurons actually showing a rise in activity during the saccade. If we ignored the latency between peak in activity and saccade start and measured the fall in activity for a period equal to one saccade duration after the peak, the average drop in activity was still only 34.9%. Thus the activity of these neurons did not appear to be closely related to dynamic motor error, which falls from its maximum value to zero over the time course of a saccade. 5. These results suggest that a focus of movement activity within the topographic map in the frontal eye field specifies the amplitude and direction for an impending saccade, whereas the peak of movement activity signals the time to initiate a saccade. 6. Unlike the superior colliculus, the activity of frontal eye field movement neurons does not appear to be related to dynamic events that occur during the saccade, such as motor error.
Influence of cytochalasin B on the shape change induced in platelets by cold.

The present investigation has employed transmission and scanning electron microscopy to examine the influence of cytochalasin B (CB) on the shape change and pseudopod formation that develop when discoid blood platelets are exposed to low temperature. CB in two concentrations protected platelets from the physical alterations induced by cold. The greater of the two amounts of drug was more effective, suggesting a dose dependence. Microtubules were absent from untreated control platelets chilled for brief periods of time but remained in approximately 20% of CB-treated cells exposed to low temperature for an hour. The findings support the concept that CB preserves discoid shape by stabilizing structural elements of the cytoskeletal support system in blood platelets.
The Role of a Conserved Inter-Transmembrane Domain Interface in Regulating α2a-Adrenergic Receptor Conformational Stability and Cell-Surface Turnover

Functional and structural data from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) predict that transmembrane-domain (TM)2 is adjacent to TM7 within the GPCR structure, and that within this interface a conserved aspartate in TM2 and a conserved asparagine in TM7 exist in close proximity. Mutation at this D79(TM2)-N422(TM7) interface in the alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2A)AR) affects not only receptor activation but also cell-surface residence time and conformational stability. Mutation at TM2(D79N) reduces allosteric modulation by Na(+) and receptor activation more dramatically than affecting cell-surface receptor turnover and conformational stability, whereas mutation at TM7(N422D) creates profound conformational instability and more rapid degradation of receptor from the surface of cells despite receptor activation and allosteric modulation properties that mirror a wild-type receptor. Double mutation of TM2 and 7(D79N/N422D) reveals phenotypes for receptor activation and conformational stability intermediate between the wild-type and singly mutated alpha(2A)AR. Additionally, the structural placement of a negative charge at this TM2/TM7 interface is necessary but not sufficient for receptor structural stability, because mislocalization of the negative charge in either the D79E alpha(2A)AR (which extends the charge out one methylene group) or the D79N/N422D alpha(2A)AR (placing the charge in TM7 instead of TM2) results in conformational lability in detergent solution and more rapid cell-surface receptor clearance. These studies suggest that this interface is important in regulating receptor cell-surface residence time and conformational stability in addition to its previously recognized role in receptor activation.
The use of a special preservation medium for the maintenance of platelet viability at 4 C.

remaining in the circulation for some time after infusion.1 ,:�\Ve believe that the survival time of platelets in the circulation may i)e equated with tileir viability. Our previotus experiments diemonstrated that conventional methods of storage at 4 C. result in rapid reduction in the viability of human platelets.3 After only 3 hours of storage, shortening of the platelet survival time and/or reduction in the recovery of platelets in the recipient’s circulation were clearly evident. After 24 hours, platelet viability was almost negligible. The use of ACD,#{176} dextrose, or DAS-gelatin mediumi produced no significant alteration in tile results. These findings emphasized that the rapid loss of platelet viability with even very short periods of storage posed a considerable problem in the practice of platelet transfusion. They naturally stressed the need for tile dievelopment of new methods for the successful storage of platelets as viable cells. >
The Quality of Conference Programs and the Value of Conference Proceedings: Future Direction for the Academy of Marketing Science

This paper examines the attitudes of members of the Academy of Marketing Science concerning their perceptions of its quality and importance relative to other marketing and marketing-related conferences. Members’ opinions of the value of the Academy ofMarketing Science and selected related conferences in terms of quality of program, institutional financial support, and their influence on career and professional development also will be examined. In addition, findings will be presented on the future role and direction of the Academy ofMarketing Science.
On Interestingness Measures for Mining Statistically Significant and Novel Clinical Associations from EMRs

Association rule mining has received significant attention from both the data mining and machine learning communities. While data mining researchers focus more on designing efficient algorithms to mine rules from large datasets, the learning community has explored applications of rule mining to classification. A major problem with rule mining algorithms is the explosion of rules even for moderate sized datasets making it very difficult for end users to identify both statistically significant and potentially novel rules that could lead to interesting new insights and hypotheses. Researchers have proposed many domain independent interestingness measures using which, one can rank the rules and potentially glean useful rules from the top ranked ones. However, these measures have not been fully explored for rule mining in clinical datasets owing to the relatively large sizes of the datasets often encountered in healthcare and also due to limited access to domain experts for review/analysis. In this paper, using an electronic medical record (EMR) dataset of diagnoses and medications from over three million patient visits to the University of Kentucky medical center and affiliated clinics, we conduct a thorough evaluation of dozens of interestingness measures proposed in data mining literature, including some new composite measures. Using cumulative relevance metrics from information retrieval, we compare these interestingness measures against human judgments obtained from a practicing psychiatrist for association rules involving the depressive disorders class as the consequent. Our results not only surface new interesting associations for depressive disorders but also indicate classes of interestingness measures that weight rule novelty and statistical strength in contrasting ways, offering new insights for end users in identifying interesting rules.
Weak Topology and Calculus of Variations

1. Introduction. It might be said that the use of weak compactness in the calculus of variations is implicitly contained in the classical method of proving existence theorems by selecting weakly convergent subsequences. In recent years the use of weak topology in the calculus of variations has become a good deal more explicit and systematic. It is based on the following facts:
Physical activity levels in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain

Abstract Objectives Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a chronic condition that results in long-term subjective and objective impairments. PFP has been identified to result in modification in activity levels, however it is unknown the extent of activity levels in individuals with and without PFP. Design Case-control study. Participants 20 individuals with PFP and 20 healthy individuals. Main outcome measures Physical activity was assessed by steps per day, minutes of mild, moderate, and high activity over 14 consecutive days. Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), worst pain in last week (WVAS), and Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ) were also collected. Paired t -tests were used to compare variables between groups. Pearson r correlations were conducted to evaluate relationships between subjective function and activity level. Results Individuals with PFP took less steps per day (p = 0.004) and completed less daily minutes of mild activity (p = 0.007) and high activity (p = 0.012). Significant correlations were seen between steps per day and subjective function: AKPS (p = 0.002), WVAS (p = 0.016), and FABQ (p = 0.002) in the PFP population. Conclusion Individuals with PFP are less physically active than their healthy counterparts in both steps per day and minutes spent conducting physical activity. A relationship between subjective function and physical activity exists in individuals with PFP.
The effect of resident involvement on bariatric surgical outcomes: an ACS-NSQIP analysis.

Abstract Background Surgical residency training programs in the United States are modeled on the principle of graduated responsibility. Residents are given greater responsibility and autonomy in the operating room and during perioperative care as they gain surgical skills and progress through their training. The impact of this method of surgical training on patient outcomes remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare early patient morbidity and mortality after bariatric surgery in cases with and without resident participation using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Methods All patients undergoing bariatric surgery from 2006 through 2010 were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. These patients were divided into three groups based on resident involvement in their surgery (no resident, senior-level resident, and junior-level resident). The effect of resident involvement and postgraduate year level on 30-d morbidity and mortality was investigated using composite outcomes, including cardiac events (acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation), pulmonary events (pneumonia, prolonged intubation, or unplanned reintubation), wound (superficial surgical site infection, deep surgical site infection, organ-space infection, or dehiscence), septic events (sepsis and septic shock), clotting events (pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis), and renal events (urinary tract infection and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis). Length of hospital stay, unplanned return to the operating room, and 30-d mortality were also investigated. Results A total of 19,616 patients underwent bariatric surgery from the year 2006 through 2010; 8960 (45.7%) procedures were performed with resident involvement, with 5406 (36.7%) of these cases involving a senior-level resident. Operations involving a senior-level resident were more likely to experience postoperative cardiac events (P Conclusions Although bariatric operations involving senior-level residents have more statistically significant morbidity outcomes, these morbidity outcomes are related more to perioperative care rather than intraoperative resident involvement. This suggests that more emphasis on perioperative progressive responsibility may be needed to match operative oversight.
Markers of severity and inflammatory profile during exacerbations of severe asthma

Background: In severe asthma, exacerbations are a major concern because despite high intensity treatment they are difficult to prevent in many patients. Treatment strategies target inflammation as this has a key role in the pathogenesis of exacerbations but the mechanisms underlying exacerbations are not well understood. Aim: To measure symptoms, lung function and inflammatory profile during exacerbations of asthma in patients with severe asthma. Method: Exacerbations were defined by changes in symptoms as decided by the patient. Patients attended for a baseline visit when stable, at the onset of an exacerbation and a recovery visit. At each visit lung function, clinical characteristics and inflammatory profile was measured. Results: 50 patients with severe asthma were recruited of whom 56% were on daily oral steroids. There was an increase in ACQ (1.88 vs 3.58, p Conclusions: Heterogeneity in the inflammatory profile of exacerbations reflects different asthma phenotypes and differing aetiology. Measurement of inflammatory profile may be of value in guiding anti-inflammatory therapy as changes in lung function and symptoms do not always correlate with underlying inflammation.
Mining and visualization of interpersonal interaction networks

While modern online social networks offer unprecedented amount of data and opportunities for mining, other forms of social networks have been around throughout human history. Classic books, whether fictional or non-fictional, then become important sources for the analysis of interpersonal interactions. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for the mining of interpersonal interactions from classic books. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the formal approach by presenting the encouraging result from a network analysis conducted over the persons appearing in the book of Genesis. The result aids the understanding of the persons featured in the book and their interactions. We also present the merits and challenges of visualization techniques pertaining to our work.
Effect of Computer Navigation on Complication Rates Following Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background We evaluated whether the complication and revision rates of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) performed with intraoperative computer-based navigation differ from standard UKAs performed without intraoperative computer-based navigation. Methods A Medicare database containing administrative claims data from 2005 to 2014 was queried. Patients who underwent a single UKA and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included in the study. Data from 1025 UKAs performed with navigation were compared against 9228 age and gender-matched UKAs performed without it. Postoperative complications were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes and evaluated at 30 days, 90 days, and 2 years. Results Orthopedic complications after UKA are rare, and the use of navigation did not affect the rate of conversion to total knee arthroplasty at 2-year follow-up (3.8% in navigated UKAs vs 4.7% in standard UKAs, P = .218). There were also no significant differences in the rates of knee arthrotomy at 2-year follow-up (1.3% in navigated UKAs vs 1.6% in standard UKAs, P = .379). The rates of deep vein thrombosis at 90-day follow-up did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (1.4% in navigated UKAs vs 2.0% in standard UKAs, P = .157). Conclusion This is one of the first studies to use a large cohort to compare outcomes in computer-assisted surgery-UKA against standard UKAs without navigation. The results, particularly that there was not a difference in the rate of conversion to total knee arthroplasty, are directly relevant to clinical decision-making when surgeons are considering employing navigation during UKA.
Marked variability in published CMR criteria for left ventricular basal slice selection - impact of methodological discrepancies on LV mass quantification

Background Left ventricular mass (LVM) quantification by cine-CMR is typically performed by planimetry of contiguous LV short axis images. This approach relies on use of anatomic landmarks or quantitative binary cutoffs to define the basal-most aspect of the LV. Methodological discordance concerning criteria for LV basal slice selection has the potential to alter cine-CMR quantified LVM. This study assessed frequency of methodological variability in published LV basal slice definitions, as well as its impact on cine-CMR quantification of LVM.
Vaginal mesh vs native tissue repairs for prolapse: FDA update and recent evidence

In 2010, 300,000 surgeries were performed in the U.S. for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and 100,000 of those involved the placement of surgical mesh. The use of mesh in abdominal surgeries for POP has been described for over 50 years, but the first surgical mesh product specifically for POP was approved by the FDA in 2002. Over the last decade, transvaginal mesh POP surgeries have become more common, and mesh “kits” have been approved and are increasingly used for transvaginal POP repair, but clinical trial evidence of their safety and effectiveness has lagged behind rapid adoption into practice.
Looking Backward: Testing the Neutral Theory

The coalescent theory described in the previous chapter assumes selective neutrality at the gene locus or nucleotide site considered. In this chapter we shall consider the question, May we in fact reasonably assume selective neutrality at this gene locus or nucleotide site?
Isolation and characterization ofAnaplasma marginale DNA

Two procedures were used to isolateAnaplasma marginale bodies from bovine erythrocytes. DNA extracted from bodies prepared by the second method was free of any detectable bovine DNA contamination.Anaplasma marginale DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis of endonuclease restriction fragments and by reassociation kinetics. Genome size was estimated to be 340 kb. Base composition of the DNA was 33 mol% guanine+ cytosine (G+C), determined from its thermal denaturation temperature.Anaplasma marginale has a very small genome compared with that of other bacteria and has a low G+C content. It is proposed thatA. marginale may be a close, but degenerate, relative of the rickettsiae.
Evaluating the potential for resistance development in Gram-negative bacteria to antimicrobial blue light (at 405 nm): in vitro and in vivo studies

With the increasing number of pathogenic microbes that are becoming resistant to routinely used antimicrobials, it is important to look to non-traditional approaches for the treatment of infections. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL;405 nm) is a novel strategy for the treatment of infections. Here we report an investigation into the potential for resistance development to aBL in three clinically important Gram-negative bacteria, through sequential exposure in vitro and in vivo. We found that 20 cycles of aBL exposure, in vitro, did not incur resistance development, in any of the species tested (Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosaor Escherichia coli). In addition, sub-curative sequential aBL treatment of a wound infected with a bioluminescent variant of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain, did not influence sensitivity to aBL. In conclusion, it is unlikely that sequential treatment of aBL will result in resistance generation, suggesting that multiple treatments of aBL may be administered without resistance development becoming a concern.
Investigations on the Role of the Fibrinolytic Pathway on Outflow Facility Regulation.

Purpose To understand the role and further dissect pathways downstream of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and the fibrinolytic pathway in modulating outflow facility. Methods Outflow facility of tissue plasminogen activator (Plat) knockout (KO) mice was determined and compared to that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (Plau), plasminogen activator inhibitor (Pai-1), plasminogen (Plg), and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp-2, -9, and -13) was measured in angle tissues. Expression of the same genes and outflow facility were measured in KO and WT mice treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Amiloride was used to inhibit urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in Plat KO mice, and outflow facility was measured. Results Plat deletion resulted in outflow facility reduction and decreased Mmp-9 expression in angle tissues. Plasminogen expression was undetectable in both KO and WT mice. TA led to further reduction in outflow facility and decreases in expression of Plau and Mmp-13 in plat KO mice. Amiloride inhibition of uPA activity prevented the TA-induced outflow facility reduction in Plat KO mice. Conclusions tPA deficiency reduced outflow facility in mice and was associated with reduced MMP expression. The mechanism of action of tPA is unlikely to involve plasminogen activation. tPA is not the only mediator of TA-induced outflow facility change, as TA caused reduction in outflow facility of Plat KO mice. uPA did not substitute for tPA in outflow facility regulation but abrogated the effect of TA in the absence of tPA, suggesting a complex role of components of the fibrinolytic system in outflow regulation.
Aorta-Right Atrial Tunnel Causing Heart Failure in a Young Female.

Aorta–right atrial tunnel is a rare entity characterized by a vascular fistula, which connects one of the sinuses of Valsalva in the ascending aorta and the right atrium. It is frequently associated with congestive heart failure. This abnormality is usually diagnosed by echocardiography or CT angiography. It requires immediate intervention due to high risk of complications as congestive heart failure. In this report, we present a case of a 33-year old female with no significant past medical history presents to the hospital with progressive shortness of breath found to have a congenital Aorta–right atrial tunnel.