cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual noise consisting of X-junctions has only a minimal adverse effect on object recognition.

In 1968, Guzman showed that the myriad of surfaces composing a highly complex and novel assemblage of volumes can readily be assigned to their appropriate volumes in terms of the constraints offered by the vertices of coterminating edges. Of particular importance was the L-vertex, produced by the cotermination of two contours, which provides strong evidence for the termination of a 2-D surface. An X-junction, formed by the crossing of two contours without a change of direction at the crossing, played no role in the segmentation of a scene. If the potency of noise elements to affect recognition performance reflects their relevancy to the segmentation of scenes, as was suggested by Guzman, gaps in an object’s contours bounded by irrelevant X-junctions would be expected to have little or no adverse effect on shape-based object recognition, whereas gaps bounded by L-junctions would be expected to have a strong deleterious effect when they disrupt the smooth continuation of contours. Guzman’s roles for the various vertices and junctions have never been put to systematic test with respect to human object recognition. By adding identical noise contours to line drawings of objects that produced either L-vertices or X-junctions, these shape features could be compared with respect to their disruption of object recognition. Guzman’s insights that irrelevant L-vertices should be highly disruptive and irrelevant X-vertices would have only a minimal deleterious effect were confirmed.
Exhausted Ecologies: Modernism and Environmental Recovery

This book evaluates twentieth century British and Global Anglophone literature in relation to the growth of ecological thinking in the United Kingdom. Restless modernists such as D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce, Djuna Barnes, and Jean Rhys developed a literary aesthetic of slowness and immediacy to critique the exhausting and dehumanizing aspects of modern urban and industrial life. At the same time, environmental groups such as the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves and the Smoke Abatement League moved from economic registers of 'value' and 'trust' to more cultural terms of 'recovery' and 'regeneration' to position nature as a healing force in the postwar era. Through a variety of literary, scientific, and political texts, an environmental movement emerged alongside the fast, fragmented, and traumatic aspects of modernization in order to sustain place and community in terms of lateral influence and ecological dependence.
Intergenerational rights to a sustainable future: insights for climate justice and tourism

AbstractCitizens of the world are calling for climate action at the national and international levels. In those places slow to respond, climate litigation has emerged as a method that activists are...
TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY-INDUCED TORSADE DE POINTES: ICD OR NO ICD?

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by acute and transient systolic dysfunction often related to a stressful event with ECG changes suggestive of ACS and QT prolongation. TCM occurs in about 1-2% of patients with ACS, women making up >90% of cases,1 with the estimated recurrence rates
An update on acute and preventive treatments for migraine in children and adolescents.

Migraine is diagnosed in 5% of children in the United States by the age of ten. The estimated prevalence for children with migraine is 10%. It has become increasingly important to diagnose children...
Functional heterogeneity of alveolar macrophage population based on expression of CXCL2

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the major lung-resident macrophages and have contradictory functions. AMs maintain tolerance and tissue homeostasis, but they also initiate strong inflammatory responses. However, such opposing roles within the AM population were not known to be simultaneously generated and coexist. Here, we uncovered heterogeneous AM subpopulations generated in response to two distinct pulmonary fungal infections, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus Some AMs are bona fide sentinel cells that produce chemoattractant CXCL2, which also serves as a marker for AM heterogeneity, in the context of pulmonary fungal infections. However, other AMs do not produce CXCL2 and other pro-inflammatory molecules. Instead, they highly produce anti-inflammatory molecules, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and complement component 1q (C1q). These two AM subpopulations have distinct metabolic profiles and phagocytic capacities. We report that polarization of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory AM subpopulations is regulated at both epigenetic and transcriptional levels and that these AM subpopulations are generally highly plastic. Our studies have uncovered the role of C1q expression in programming and sustaining anti-inflammatory AMs. Our finding of the AM heterogeneity upon fungal infections suggests a possible pharmacological intervention target to treat fungal infections by tipping the balance of AM subpopulations.
Hierarchical scales of soft-sediment deformation in erg deposits, Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Moab area, Utah, U.S.A.

Abstract Extensive soft-sediment deformation (SSD) of multiple expressions and scales record active and dynamic events and processes in erg deposits of the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone near Moab, Utah. The erg deposits preserve depositional environments of eolian dune, interdune, fluvial, playa, lake, and spring. A large range of SSD features, from intact beds showing little deformation to pervasively disturbed beds, exist in many of these deposits. A simplified classification index captures the different scales of SSD in ascending order of deformation intensity: 1) mostly intact bedding with small-scale wavy or undulatory deformation structures within single beds; 2) dish and flame structures; 3) meter-scale, kinked, slumped, rolled, overturned, vertical, and detached contorted crossbedding, and associated centimeter- to meter-scale pipes; and 4) disruptive diapirs and laterally extensive massive sandstone. The SSD features of deformed crossbed sets, diapirs, and massive sandstone beds, are consistently juxtaposed, and are thus genetically linked. Although the Navajo Sandstone has been considered a classic example of an extensive dry eolian system, both individual and combinations of strata bounded SSD features exemplify dynamic deformation, liquefaction, and fluidization that took place at various times after deposition. The lowest degree of deformation, SSD 1, is largely attributed to autogenic––inherent to the eolian system––or local allogenic processes. Larger degrees of deformation, SSD 2–4, were more likely produced by allogenic, external-forcing processes from regional changes in climate and/or near-surface groundwater conditions originating from the Uncompahgre uplift, with the deformation triggered by some event(s). Possible significant ground motion could have led to large-scale disruption in the Navajo sand sea across kilometer-scale intervals. The Navajo example establishes valuable hierarchical relationships of processes and products for recognizing and interpreting SSD in other ancient and modern eolian systems. This has particular relevance to sedimentary discoveries on Mars, where SSD features are visible from remote sensing imagery and rover exploration.
Melodic interval perception with acoustic and electric hearing in bimodal and single-sided deaf cochlear implant listeners

Two notes sounded sequentially elicit melodic intervals and contours that form the basis of melody. Many previous studies have characterized pitch perception in cochlear implant (CI) users to be poor which may be due to the limited spectro-temporal resolution and/or spectral warping with electric hearing compared to acoustic hearing (AH). Poor pitch perception in CIs has been shown to distort melodic interval perception. To characterize this interval distortion, we recruited CI users with either normal (single sided deafness, SSD) or limited (bimodal) AH in the non-implanted ear. The contralateral AH allowed for a stable reference with which to compare melodic interval perception in the CI ear, within the same listener. Melodic interval perception was compared across acoustic and electric hearing in 9 CI listeners (4 bimodal and 5 SSD). Participants were asked to rank the size of a probe interval presented to the CI ear to a reference interval presented to the contralateral AH ear using a method of constant stimuli. Ipsilateral interval ranking was also measured within the AH ear to ensure that listeners understood the task and that interval ranking was stable and accurate within AH. Stimuli were delivered to the AH ear via headphones and to the CI ear via direct audio input (DAI) to participants' clinical processors. During testing, a reference and probe interval was presented and participants indicated which was larger. Ten comparisons for each reference-probe combination were presented. Psychometric functions were fit to the data to determine the probe interval size that matched the reference interval. Across all AH reference intervals, the mean matched CI interval was 1.74 times larger than the AH reference. However, there was great inter-subject variability. For some participants, CI interval distortion varied across different reference AH intervals; for others, CI interval distortion was constant. Within the AH ear, ipsilateral interval ranking was accurate, ensuring that participants understood the task. No significant differences in the patterns of results were observed between bimodal and SSD CI users. The present data show that much larger intervals were needed with the CI to match contralateral AH reference intervals. As such, input melodic patterns are likely to be perceived as frequency compressed and/or warped with electric hearing, with less variation among notes in the pattern. The high inter-subject variability in CI interval distortion suggests that CI signal processing should be optimized for individual CI users.
Succinylsulfathiazole modulates the mTOR signaling pathway in the liver of c57BL/6 mice via a folate independent mechanism.

Abstract Researchers studying the effect of folate restriction on rodents have resorted to the use of the antibiotic succinylsulfathiazole (SST) in the folate depleted diet to induce a folate deficient status. SST has been used extensively in rodent studies since the 1940s. Its localized effect on the gut bacteria as well as its effectiveness in reducing folate producing species is well documented. The possible overlap between the pathways affected by folate depletion and SST could potentially produce a confounding variable in such studies. In our novel study, we analyzed the effect of SST on folate levels in c57Bl/6 male mice fed folate supplemented and deficient diets. We did not observe any significant difference on growth and weight gain at 21 weeks. SST did not significantly affect folate levels in the plasma, liver and colon tissues; however, it did alter energy metabolism and expression of key genes in the mTOR signaling pathway in the liver. This research sheds light on a possible confounding element when using SST to study folate depletion due to the potential overlap with multiple critical pathways such as mTOR. Summary The antibiotic succinylsulfathiazole (SST) is used to reduce folate producing bacteria in rodent folate depletion studies. SST can modulate critical energy and nutrient sensing pathways converging onto mTOR signaling, and potentially confounding cancer studies.
Jet Timing

The measurement of the arrival time of a particle, such as a lepton, a photon, or a pion, reaching the detector provides valuable information. A similar measurement for a hadronic final state, however, is much more challenging as one has to extract the relevant information from a collection of particles. In this paper, we explore various possibilities in defining the time of a jet through the measurable arrival times of the jet constituents. We find that a definition of jet time based on a transverse momentum weighted sum of the times of the constituents has the best performance. For prompt jets, the performance depends on the jet trajectory. For delayed jets, the performance depends on the trajectory of the jet, the trajectory of the mother particle, and the location of the displaced vertex. Compared to the next-best-performing jet time definition, the transverse momentum weighted sum has roughly a factor of ten times better jet time resolution. We give a detailed discussion of the relevant effects and characterize the full geometrical dependence of the performance. These results highlight the critical importance of using a proper definition of jet time with its corresponding detector-dependent calibration and the exciting possibility of deepening our understanding of jets in the time domain.
Design of closed-loop recycling production of a Diels–Alder polymer from a biomass-derived difuran as a functional additive for polyurethanes

Acetalization of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) with pentaerythritol produced a difuran (HPH) monomer in the presence of an acid catalyst. A recyclable polymer was then synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction of bismaleimide and the HMF-derived difuran (HPH). A polyurethane, produced from the Diels–Alder polymer has a higher glass transition temperature than a polyurethane, produced from ethylene glycol. The polyurethane, containing Diels–Alder polymer also has a self-healing ability. The Diels–Alder polymer could be hydrolyzed in acidic acetate buffer at 60 °C to produce the monomers for recycling. Each produced monomer was separated by solvent extraction, and the extracted monomers were recovered in different solvent fractions, such as aqueous, ethyl acetate, and acetone fractions. Techno economic analysis was used to assess the minimum selling price ($14.1 per kg) for the primary production of Diels–Alder polymer at a feed capacity of 400 tons per year. The economic viability of the primary recovery process for the most expensive recovered monomer, bismaleimide, was assessed by calculating the minimum selling price of the bismaleimide ($15.2 per kg). A circular closed-loop recycling production process for the Diels–Alder polymer was developed and this approach can produce the Diels–Alder polymer at $8.2 per kg when the feed capacity was 40 ktons per year.
Openings into Clinical Ethics

I want to pick up where I left off in Chap. 3. In some respects, it is peculiar that, in the face of the resounding backlash against ‘Big Ethics,’ as it was often called in the 1970s, some physicians continued to entertain the notion that philosophers should, and some of them argued must, become “involved” in clinical medicine. Around the same time (early 1980s) as Alan Fleischman was putting his program for residents in place, for instance, the pediatrician Tomas Silber stated his belief that without such actual, regular involvement in clinical affairs, what he termed the “data base” for understanding, much less contending productively with, the moral issues he regarded as inherent to the daily practice of at least pediatric medicine, would be plainly missing. Precisely that “base” is necessary, he argued, for the medical tasks at hand in any clinical situation. Thus, quite understandably, Silber lamented the “absence of these professionals”—that is, philosophers—“from our daily lives,” although, with Siegler, he endorsed the idea that physicians must for their part immerse themselves in philosophy and theology (Silber TJ, Pediatric Ann 10:13–14, 1981).
An Overview of Translationally Informed Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Animal Models of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning to Human Clinical Trials

Posttraumatic stress disorder manifests after exposure to a traumatic event and is characterized by avoidance/numbing, intrusive symptoms and flashbacks, mood and cognitive disruptions, and hyperarousal/reactivity symptoms. These symptoms reflect dysregulation of the fear system likely caused by poor fear inhibition/extinction, increased generalization, and/or enhanced consolidation or acquisition of fear. These phenotypes can be modeled in animal subjects using Pavlovian fear conditioning, allowing investigation of the underlying neurobiology of normative and pathological fear. Preclinical studies reveal a number of neurotransmitter systems and circuits critical for aversive learning and memory that have informed the development of therapies used in human clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the evidence for a number of established and emerging pharmacotherapies and device-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder that have been developed via a bench to bedside translational model.
Chemical permeabilization and in situ removal of daidzein from biologically viable soybean (Glycine max) seeds

After 24 h of chemical permeabilization with 20% (v/v) methanol at 25 °C, the amount of daidzein released from soybean seeds is 15 to 20% of the amount (0.0423 ± 0.0045 mg/g seed dry wt) obtained by physical grinding. With this chemical permeabilization condition, 70% of the permeabilized seeds are still able to germinate. The release of daidzein is enhanced to 33% with the addition of XAD-4 to 20% (v/v) methanol without affecting seed viability. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
Relativistic particle quantum dynamics and three-body forces in the three-nucleon system

Questions concerning the effects of relativistic invariance can and should be separated from questions concerning the relevant subnucleon degrees of freedom that should be treated explicitly.
Observations on the pathology of trichomonas vaginitis and on vaginal implants with trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas intestinalis

Abstract Serial sections of biopsies from areas of hemorrhage and granulation in cases diagnosed clinically as trichomonas vaginitis are described. They indicate that the pathologic change occurring in this type of vaginitis is not produced alone by simple invasion of flagellates from the lumen of the vagina, but that some additional mechanism exists, either toxic or bacterial in nature which is partially responsible for primary tissue changes. Implants into normal vaginas of exudate from cases of trichomonas vaginitis containing T. vaginalis and bacteria resulted in the occurrence of characteristic vaginitis, while implants of cultures of T. vaginalis and bacteria produced only one case of typical vaginitis and implants of Escherichia coli and an alpha streptococcus in culture produced only a mild vaginitis without characteristic discharge. Experimental implants of T. vaginalis to human and monkey vaginas resulted in infection while attempts to infect human and monkey vaginas with T. intestinalis ended with negative results. These facts fail to support the theory that the trichomonads that infect the vagina are of intestinal origin.
Price Discovery in Crude Oil Prices

I examine the relative information roles among West Texas Intermediate spot crude price and four futures contracts (F1 through F4) with different maturities. Using a cointegrated system with a non-unitary cointegrating vector, I address price discovery by investigating which price is more responsive to a common trend shock. With a non-unitary cointegrating vector, it is not clear on how to apply Hasbrouck (1995)'s Information Share (IS) and Yan and Zivot (2007)'s Price Discovery Efficiency Loss (PDEL) measures. I suggest a way to make the IS and PDEL applicable to non-unitary cointegrating vector. Also, I propose a new static price discovery measure, which I call the Adjustment Share (AS). The AS measures the amount of price discovery as the share of contemporaneous adjustment toward the long-run level to a one-unit common trend shock. Applying different price discovery measures to bivariate and 5-variable crude price models I find that F4 and F3 show dominance of price discovery over F2 and F1. If we consider price adjustment to the permanent shock only, F1 does not lead the spot price.
Eccentric exercise induces chronic alterations in musculoskeletal nociception in the rat.

Eccentric muscle exercise is a common cause of acute and chronic (lasting days to weeks) musculoskeletal pain. To evaluate the mechanisms involved, we have employed a model in the rat, in which eccentric hind limb exercise produces both acute mechanical hyperalgesia as well as long-term changes characterized by enhanced hyperalgesia to subsequent exposure to an inflammatory mediator. Eccentric exercise of the hind limb produced mechanical hyperalgesia, measured in the gastrocnemius muscle, which returned to baseline at 120 h post-exercise. When nociceptive thresholds had returned to baseline, intramuscular injection of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) induced hyperalgesia that was unattenuated 240 h later, much longer than PGE(2)-induced hyperalgesia in unexercised rats (4 h). This marked prolongation of PGE(2) hyperalgesia induced by eccentric exercise was prevented by the spinal intrathecal injection of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to protein kinase C epsilon, a second messenger in nociceptors implicated in the induction of chronic pain. Exercise-induced hyperalgesia and prolongation of PGE(2) hyperalgesia were inhibited by the spinal intrathecal administration of antisense for the interleukin-6 but not the tumor necrosis factor alpha type 1 receptor. These findings provide further insight into the mechanism underlying exercise-induced chronic muscle pain, and suggest novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of exercise- or work-related chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes.
Monotherapy with Fluoroquinolone or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections

The treatment of choice for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have in vitro activity against S. maltophilia; however, there is limited published information on their effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of FQs and SXT for the treatment of S. maltophilia. A retrospective review of 98 patients with S. maltophilia infections who received SXT or FQ monotherapy was conducted. Patients ≥18 years old with a positive culture for S. maltophilia and clinical signs of infection who received treatment for ≥48 h were included. Microbiological cure and clinical response were evaluated at the end of therapy (EOT). In-hospital mortality and isolation of nonsusceptible isolates were also evaluated. Thirty-five patients received SXT, and 63 patients received FQ; 48 patients received levofloxacin, and 15 patients received ciprofloxacin. The most common infection was pulmonary. The overall microbiological cure rate at EOT was 63%. Thirteen of 20 patients (65%) who received SXT and 23 of 37 patients (62%) who received FQ had microbiological cure at EOT (P = 0.832). The overall clinical success rate was 55%, 52% for those who received FQ and 61% for those who received SXT (P = 0.451). In-hospital mortality was 24%, with similar rates in the two groups (25% for FQ versus 22% for SXT; P = 0.546). Development of resistance on repeat culture was 30% for FQ and 20% for SXT (P = 0.426). Fluoroquinolone and SXT monotherapies may be equally effective for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections. Resistance was documented in subsequent isolates of S. maltophilia in both groups.
On the field/string theory approach to theta dependence in large N Yang-Mills theory

Abstract The theta dependence of the vacuum energy in large N Yang-Mills theory has been studied some time ago by Witten using a duality of large N gauge theories with the string theory compactified on a certain space-time. We show that within the field theory context vacuum fluctuations of the topological charge give rise to the vacuum energy consistent with the string theory computation. Furthermore, we calculate 1/ N suppressed corrections to the string theory result. The reconciliation of the string and field theory approaches is based on the fact that the gauge theory instantons carry zerobrane charge in the corresponding D-brane construction of Yang-Mills theory. Given the formula for the vacuum energy we study certain aspects of stability of the false vacua of the model for different realizations of the initial conditions. The vacuum structure appears to be different depending on whether N is infinite or, alternatively, large but finite.
Service-Learning Programs: What Are Universities Selling to Students?

ABSTRACT Service-learning, in which students learn course concepts as they carry out community service, is becoming more common in higher education. This paper analyzes promotional material for service-learning opportunities found on twenty-one university Websites. The study reveals that the Websites are promoting a range of benefits from participation in service-learning. The paper concludes with a discussion of ethical as well as practical implications of how service-learning opportunities are being marketed online.
Promoter hypermethylation in MLL-r infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia: biology and therapeutic targeting

Cooperating leukemogenic events in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are largely unknown. We explored the role of promoter CpG island hypermethylation in the biology and therapeutic targeting of MLL-r infant ALL. The HELP (HpaII tiny fragment enrichment by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) assay was used to examine genome-wide methylation of a cohort of MLL-r infant leukemia samples (n = 5), other common childhood ALLs (n = 5), and normals (n = 5). Unsupervised analysis showed tight clustering of samples into their known biologic groups, indicating large differences in methylation patterns. Global hypermethylation was seen in the MLL-r cohort compared with both the normals and the others, with ratios of significantly (P < .001) hypermethylated to hypomethylated CpGs of 1.7 and 2.9, respectively. A subset of 7 differentially hypermethylated genes was assayed by quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT)-PCR, confirming relative silencing in 5 of 7. In cell line treatment assays with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) decitabine, MLL-r (but not MLL wild-type cell lines) showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and re-expression of 4 of the 5 silenced genes. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) confirmed promoter hypermethylation at baseline, and a relative decrease in methylation after treatment. DNMTi may represent a novel molecularly targeted therapy for MLL-r infant ALL.
Temporal associations, semantic content and source bonding

Inspired by Denis Smalley's theoretical ideas on spectromorphology and Albert Bregman's ( 1990 ) auditory scene analysis, I began an investigation into the formation and segregation of timescales 1 in electroacoustic music. This research inevitably led me to an exploration of the factors that shape our perception of time passing and estimation of durations, where spectromorphological issues intermingle with extra-musical associations, autobiographical experiences, emotional responses, and the surrounding environment at the time of listening. Ultimately, time perception affects the structural balance of a composition. This paper, which is part of my ongoing research, examines how the perception of time is affected by the semantic meaning and the spectromorphological characteristics of sound events.
Data communication requirements Of computer systems

Teleprocessing systems are mushrooming throughout public and private industry: computer-to-computer links form an integral part of our national defense system and air traffic control; manned terminal-to-computer systems establish reservations on airlines and at motels; hybrid systems keep our tax returns honest. But these computer centers, remote terminals, and displays are often a part, and require lines of direct communication A large number of inexpensive, switchable data channels are needed, with a speed resolution of 10 to 20 characters per second, for connecting human-operated terminals to a multiplex of special-purpose computers. Machine-to-machine communication requires channels with high-speed data resolution that are several orders of magnitude faster, with virtually error-free performance.
Applying reinforcement learning techniques to detect hepatocellular carcinoma under limited screening capacity

We investigate the problem faced by a healthcare system wishing to allocate its constrained screening resources across a population at risk for developing a disease. A patient’s risk of developing the disease depends on his/her biomedical dynamics. However, knowledge of these dynamics must be learned by the system over time. Three classes of reinforcement learning policies are designed to address this problem of simultaneously gathering and utilizing information across multiple patients. We investigate a case study based upon the screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), and optimize each of the three classes of policies using the indifference zone method. A simulation is built to gauge the performance of these policies, and their performance is compared to current practice. We then demonstrate how the benefits of learning-based screening policies differ across various levels of resource scarcity and provide metrics of policy performance.
Neotyphodium coenophialum‐endophyte infection affects the ability of tall fescue to use sparingly available phosphorus

Abstract Neotyphodium coenophialum, (Morgan‐Jones & Gams) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin, infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants perform better than non‐infected isolines on phosphorus (P)‐deficient soils. Our objective was to characterize growth and P uptake dynamics of tall fescue in response to endophyte infection and P source at low P availability in soil. Two tall fescue genotypes (DN2 and DN4) infected with their naturally occurring N. coenophialum strains (E+), and in noninfected (E‐) forms were grown in Lily soil (fine loamy siliceous, mesic Typic Hapludult) in a greenhouse for 20 weeks. Three soil P treatments were imposed: no P supplied (control) and P supplied as commercial fertilizer (PF) or as phosphate rock (PR) at the level of 25 mg P kg‐1 soil. Interaction of tall fescue genotype and endophyte status had a significant influence on mineral element uptake suggesting high specificity of endophyte‐tall fescue associations. Endophyte infection did not affect root dry matter (DM) when ...
Rate Constants for the Thermal Dissociation of N2O and the O(3P) + N2O Reaction

The thermal dissociation of N2O in argon was investigated by monitoring the formation of O(3P) atoms in the reflected shock regime using atomic resonance absorption spectrophotometry (ARAS). The to...
Brothers under the Skin: A Validity Test of the F-Scale

(1957). Brothers under the Skin: A Validity Test of the F-Scale. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 35-40.
Purine base transport in wild-type and mycophenolic acid-resistant Tritrichomonas foetus.

Abstract The purine base transport systems of wild-type and mycophenolic acid-resistant (MPA R ) Tritrichomonas foetus have been characterized. Wild-type T. foetus has two carriers, one for hypoxanthine ( K m = 0.7 ± 0.3 mM, V m = 80 ± 20 pmol μl −1 min −1 ) and guanine ( K m = 0.09 ± 0.02 mM, V m = 17 ± 3 pmol μl −1 min −1 ), and a second for xanthine ( K m = 0.6 ± 0.2 mM, V m = 25 ± 5 pmol μl −1 min −1 ). Adenine transport was not saturable ( k = 0.16 ± 0.01 min −1 ) and therefore appears to enter the parasite by passive diffusion through the membrane. T. foetus MPA R has lost the hypoxanthine/guanine transporter. Xanthine and adenine transport are similar in wild-type and MPA R T. foetus . No purine nucleoside transporter could be identified.
An IQC for uncertainty satisfying both norm-bounded and passivity constraints

This paper introduces a new integral quadratic constraint for describing a single block of dynamic, linear time-invariant uncertainty that simultaneously satisfies norm-bound and passivity constraints. For the associated matrix uncertainty problem, we give an upper bound on the quantitative stability indicator μ and state conditions under which this bound is tight.
Expression of a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant human superoxide dismutase in yeast leads to decreased mitochondrial electron transport.

Abstract Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that express either the wild type or the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant human copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) proteins A4V and G93A, respectively, in a yeast SOD1-deficient parent strain were used to investigate the hypothesis that expression of a mutant SOD1 protein causes deficient mitochondrial electron transport as a possible mechanism for disease induction. Mitochondria isolated from the wild type SOD1-expressing yeast were identical to mitochondria from the parent strain in heme content and activities of complexes II, III, and IV. Mitochondria isolated from the A4V-expressing yeast had decreased rates of electron transport in complexes II + III, III, and IV and corresponding decreases in hemes b, c-c1, and a-a3 content compared to mitochondria from wild type human SOD1-expressing yeast. Mitochondria isolated from G93A-expressing yeast had decreased rates of electron transport in complex IV and probably in complex II with a corresponding decrease in heme a-a3 content. These results suggest that mutant SOD1-expression causes defective electron transport complex assembly and that the yeast system will provide an excellent model for the study of the mechanism of mutant SOD1-induced mitochondrial electron transport defects.
A computer simulation model of person memory

Abstract This paper reports the application of a computer simulation model to account for a person's behavior when remembering information about another person. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of verbal theories, mathematical models, and computer simulation models are reviewed, and the use of simulation models is advocated. PM-1, an example simulation model based on R. Hastie's theoretical analysis of person memory, is introduced. The model combines a judgment process model (inspired by the Cognitive Algebra framework) and an associative network memory model. The model mimics the behavior of human subjects on several person memory tasks and its basic assumptions are supported by direct empirical evidence or by accepted theoretical conclusions. More social psychological theories should be expressed in the form of computer simulation models.
Surgery of the forefoot in athletes

Proper function of the great toe metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joint is essential for agility and balance in recreational or competitive athletic activities. Congenital, idiopathic, or traumatic disorders, such as bunions, turf toe, stress fractures of the sesamoids, hallux rigidus, and osteoarthritis, can affect MTP joint function. Surgical procedures designed to treat these problems in athletes include bunionectomy with chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus; bunionectomy, cheilectomy, exostosectomy, and synovectomy for hallux rigidus; and bone grafting for nonunion of the sesamoid. Thorough preoperative planning, meticulous surgical technique, and careful postoperative management and rehabilitation are essential, because sequelae that may be minor problems in nonathletes can be major complications for competitive athletes.
Global weak solutions of the wave map system to compact homogeneous spaces

We construct global weak solutions of the wave map problem in the class of maps with bounded energy, with values in an arbitrary compact homogeneous space, for arbitrary initial data inHc1. The proof proceeds by a ‘penalty approximation’ method, which generalizes J.Shatah's [5] argument for the case of maps with values in then-sphere.
Nodal lymph flow quantified with afferent vessel input function allows differentiation between normal and cancer-bearing nodes.

Morbidity and complexity involved in lymph node staging via surgical resection and biopsy could ideally be improved using node assay techniques that are non-invasive. While visible blue dyes are often used to locate the sentinel lymph nodes from draining lymphatic vessels near a tumor, they do not provide an in situ metric to evaluate presence of cancer. In this study, the transport kinetics of methylene blue were analyzed to determine the potential for better in situ information about metastatic involvement in the nodes. A rat model with cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes was used, with methylene blue injection to image the fluorescence kinetics. The lymphatic flow from injection sites to nodes was imaged and the relative kinetics from feeding lymphatic ducts relative to lymph nodes was quantified. Large variability existed in raw fluorescence and transport patterns within each cohort resulting in no systematic difference between average nodal uptake in normal, sham control and cancer-bearing nodes. However, when the signal from the afferent lymph vessel fluorescence was used to normalize the signal of the lymph nodes, the high signal heterogeneity was reduced. Using a model, the lymph flow through the nodes (FLN) was estimated to be 1.49 ± 0.64 ml/g/min in normal nodes, 1.53 ± 0.45 ml/g/min in sham control nodes, and reduced to 0.50 ± 0.24 ml/g/min in cancer-cell injected nodes. This summarizes the significant difference (p = 0.0002) between cancer-free and cancer-bearing nodes in normalized flow. This process of normalized flow imaging could be used as an in situ tool to detect metastatic involvement in nodes.
The Rise and Decline of Orthodox Tariff Propaganda

Introduction, 22. — Failure of early attempts to organize for propaganda purposes, 23. — Birth of the American Protective Tariff League, 24. — Description of its activities, 25. — Dispute with Henry O. Havemeyer in 1899, 31. — Relation of the Iron and Steel industry to the League, 33. — Falling away of the League's support and subsequent decline of its activities, 34.
From American Church to Immigrant Church: The Changing Face of Seventh-day Adventism in Metropolitan New York

In 1945 Seventh-day Adventism in Metropolitan New York was divided administratively into two conferences, one of which had an almost completely Caucasian membership the other AfroAmerican. Both groups grew substantially during the following twenty-five years, but this growth was accompanied by the beginning of a flow of immigrants who had become Adventists as a result of missionary activity in their homelands in the developing world. Since 1970, the influx of immigrants - and of conversions among their non-Adventist peers - has burgeoned, while American-born members, both black and white, have declined sharply in total number and precipitously as a proportion of the total. The data presented here show that in this region new immigrants now account for almost 90 percent of the Adventist membership. While the situation in New York is more extreme, it mirrors a transformation taking place among Adventists throughout North America. Without the flow of immigrants, North American Seventh-day Adventism would now be in a situation of numerical decline akin to that of many of the mainline Protestant denominations. This paper sets out to account for the demographic transformation of Adventism in Metropolitan New York - for the decline of the American segments (Caucasian and Afro-American) and the huge growth among the new immigrants. It argues, drawing on modernization theory, that a strict church with a rigid doctrinal system and behavioral code will decline among constituencies with growing sophistication if it does not accommodate to modern values, but may succeed in the short-term by attracting less modern people.
Touring the Dream Factory: The Dream-Film Connection in The Wizard of Oz and A Nightmare on Elm Street

This essay explores the complex interplay of dreams and film, using an analysis of The Wizard of Oz (1939) and A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) to illustrate how an interdisciplinary approach can provide fruitful insights into how dreams influence films, and films influence dreams. The essay suggests that reflecting on the dreams-film connection can deepen our understanding of the cultural dimensions of human development, particularly in the context of modern American culture. By using the methodological resources of psychology, sociology, history, film criticism, and theology, the essay argues more generally that the interdisciplinary analysis of films offers significant new possibilities for the development of dream studies.
Methane Hydrate−Ice Equilibria in Porous Media

Reported in this work are equilibrium pressures for the dissociation of methane hydrate confined in silica gel pores of nominal radii 7.5, 5.0, 3.0, or 2.0 nm. Also reported are equilibrium pressures for a sample containing a mixture of silica gel with nominal radii of 7.5 and 3.0 nm. Each of these porous media contained a broad distribution of pore radii. At higher temperatures, where the equilibria involved hydrate and liquid water, the pressures were larger than those for bulk hydrate at the corresponding temperature, and in general increased with a decrease in nominal pore radius. At lower temperatures where the equilibria involved ice, the pressures were identical (within expected experimental uncertainties) for all of the silica gels, and were the same as those reported in the literature for bulk methane hydrate. The independence of the equilibrium pressure from pore size at lower temperatures (where the equilibrium involved ice) indicates that for temperatures below the quadruple point temperature ...
Algorithm visualization using tree graphs

Recent advances in graphics workstations allow the development of improved visualization tools for algorithm and program development. Algorithm visualization permits better analysis, development, and presentation of the algorithm characteristics. In this paper, we present a simple algorithm visualization technique using tree graphs. The technique is applied to the visualization of three sorting algorithms: the bubble sort, the quicksort, and the merge and sort, and one matrix algorithm, the Gaussian elimination. Key states of the data are displayed on the nodes, while the graph itself represents the underlying structure of the algorithm. All graphics are displayed under the X Window environment using simple graphics and window programming techniques.
Electrocardiographic Changes During Hypothermia and Circulatory Occlusion

An analysis of the electrocardiograms from 25 patients during reduction of body temperature and total occlusion of circulation reveals marked abnormalities in conduction and rhythmicity. Hypothermia thermia was accompanied by slowing of the heart rate, depression of intracardiac conductivity, and by inhibition of the normal centers of impulse formation with resultant atrial arrhythmias. Circulatory occlusion during hypothermia was associated with a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Changes noted in electric activity of the myocardium tended to return to normal with release of occlusion and warming of the patient.
Sequestration of 12C in the deep ocean during the early Wenlock (Silurian) positive carbon isotope excursion

Abstract Marine carbonates from three biostratigraphically well-dated Silurian sections from the mid-continent of North America were analyzed for carbon isotopic (δ 13 C carb ) study. The early Wenlock positive carbon isotope excursion (Ireviken Excursion) is recorded in three sections from Tennessee, Iowa, and Ohio, with values of >+4.5‰. This global shift in the carbon isotopic ratio of marine waters began during a protracted extinction event (Ireviken Event) that spanned the Llandovery–Wenlock boundary. Although several oceanographic models have been developed to account for the coincident changes in lithology, biology, and carbon isotope stratigraphy during this interval of the Silurian, their proposed causal connections among glaciation, oceanography, primary productivity, and the global carbon cycle remain a matter of debate. This investigation provides carbon isotopic and lithologic evidence that the Ireviken Excursion occurred during a time of relatively oligotrophic conditions, a third order transgressive–regressive cycle, and increased carbonate production throughout the mid-continent of North America. The Ireviken Excursion is recorded in relatively pure carbonate sequences and is immediately preceded by a significant unconformity in each of the measured sections. It is proposed that the Ireviken Excursion was the product of sequestration and burial of 12 C in deep water as a result of altered deep ocean circulation.
The Role of Awe in Experiential Personal Construct Psychology

SUMMARY This article begins by elaborating an experiential personal construct psychology definition of reverence. A discussion of the experience of reverence in the therapy relationship begins by focusing on the therapist's reverence of the client and is followed by an exploration of the therapist accepting the client's reverence. Ways that the therapist and client can retreat from the experience of the reverential also are explored. Finally, I discuss the experience of transpersonal reverence within experiential personal constructivism.
The impact of southeast Arabian intra-regional trade on settlement location and organization during the Iron Age II period

The impact of camel domestication on the location and organisation of settlements dating between 1000 and 600 BC in southeastern Arabia is discussed. It is argued that the ability to transport goods across regions that were hitherto inaccessible encouraged settlement growth in previously unsettled areas. Furthermore, access to elite goods such as painted ceramics, iron and incense provided the impetus for the emergence of new forms of political economy. This is highlighted by distributional and compositional analysis of imported materials from the Iron Age II site of Muweilah.
Trisomy 14 in two cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Abstract Cytogenetic analysis of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary was performed in two patients. G-banding analysis of cells cultured 3–5 days showed that the karyotype of each tumor contained normal diploid cells as well as cells with identical aberration: trisomy 14. This is the first report of trisomy 14 in two cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Flow cytometric DNA content analysis was also performed.
Aberrations and their correction in light-sheet microscopy: a low-dimensional parametrization

Light sheet microscopy allows rapid imaging of three-dimensional fluorescent samples, using illumination and detection axes that are orthogonal. For imaging large samples, this often forces the objective to be tilted relative to the sample’s surface; for samples that are not precisely matched to the immersion medium index, this tilt introduces aberrations. Here we calculate the nature of these aberrations for a simple tissue model, and show that a low-dimensional parametrization of these aberrations facilitates online correction via a deformable mirror without introduction of beads or other fiducial markers. We use this approach to demonstrate improved image quality in living tissue.
Macroeconomics without the LM curve: an alternative view

This paper develops a ‘fully articulated’ post-Keynesian alternative to the ‘New Consensus’ macroeconomic model, based on explicitly post-Keynesian hypotheses about the inflation process, the income-generating process and the appropriate conduct of monetary policy. The paper demonstrates how the equilibrium configuration of this model can be manipulated by non-monetary policy interventions, including fiscal policy and incomes policy. One (perhaps surprising) result that emerges from the analysis is that in the context of the proper policy environment, inflation targeting can have a positive impact on real economic performance.