cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WhiB6 regulation of ESX-1 gene expression is controlled by a negative feedback loop in Mycobacterium marinum .

ESX (ESAT-6 system) export systems play diverse roles across mycobacterial species. Interestingly, genetic disruption of ESX systems in different species does not result in an accumulation of protein substrates in the mycobacterial cell. However, the mechanisms underlying this observation are elusive. We hypothesized that the levels of ESX substrates were regulated by a feedback-control mechanism, linking the levels of substrates to the secretory status of ESX systems. To test this hypothesis, we used a combination of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches to define export-dependent mechanisms regulating the levels of ESX-1 substrates in Mycobacterium marinum WhiB6 is a transcription factor that regulates expression of genes encoding ESX-1 substrates. We found that, in the absence of the genes encoding conserved membrane components of the ESX-1 system, the expression of the whiB6 gene and genes encoding ESX-1 substrates were reduced. Accordingly, the levels of ESX-1 substrates were decreased, and WhiB6 was not detected in M. marinum strains lacking genes encoding ESX-1 components. We demonstrated that, in the absence of EccCb1, a conserved ESX-1 component, substrate gene expression was restored by constitutive, but not native, expression of the whiB6 gene. Finally, we found that the loss of WhiB6 resulted in a virulent M. marinum strain with reduced ESX-1 secretion. Together, our findings demonstrate that the levels of ESX-1 substrates in M. marinum are fine-tuned by negative feedback control, linking the expression of the whiB6 gene to the presence, not the functionality, of the ESX-1 membrane complex.
Radio resource management in LTE femtocell networks

In wireless network system the resources are limited. Therefore, managing resources is considered as a challenging task. The resource are distributed among attached UEs, so allocating resources needs to be well controlled. Packet scheduler in LTE network is responsible for assigning resources to attached UEs. Also, femtocell network is considered as promising solution for poor channel in indoor environment. Femtocell deployment within macrocell (traditional base station) would increase the capacity of the cell. Therefore, incubating robust Packet Scheduler scheme within femtocell would deliver better capacity. In this work Packet Scheduler scheme is proposed. It performs with consideration of maximizing the capacity as well as preserving the fairness among UEs. A simulation is conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The result shows that it outperforms well-known PF scheduler in terms of cell aggregated throughput and average throughput of UEs.
Level of Agreement Between Sales Managers and Salespeople on the Need for Internal Virtue Ethics and a Direct Path from Satisfaction with Manager to Turnover Intent

The nature of the sales manager/salesperson relationship is examined. Our study investigates the level of agreement between sales managers and salespeople on the importance of the salesperson having specific internal virtues in order to do their job properly. Unlike external virtues that can be codified into codes of conduct, internal virtues are traits that cannot be codified but rather are part of the spiritual makeup of the person. Findings suggest that the level of agreement between sales managers and salespeople in this area drives satisfaction with the sales manager and organizational commitment. Further, contrary to studies which use a summated job satisfaction measure, which consists of several facets of job satisfaction (pay, promotion etc.), satisfaction with the sales manager has a direct relationship with turnover intent.
Comparison of Echographic and Computertomographic Examinations in Orbital Diseases

Echography of the orbit has become a routine method since Ossoinig’s 1963 report on sucessful A-scan echography and Baum and Greenwood’s earlier 1958 report on B-scan echography in the detection of orbital disease.
A 1-D heterodyne lens-free optical phased array camera with reference phase shifting

This paper presents the first integrated silicon photonics optical phased array (OPA) receiver with imaging capabilities. A 32-element 1D OPA with an overall aperture size of 96x50 μm^2 is used to generate an electrically steerable “gazing beam”. The OPA receiver elements couple the incident light to on-chip waveguides which is processed as a phased array receiver. To minimize signal loss and enhance sensitivity, a heterodyne architecture with phase shifters in the local reference path is utilized. The OPA receiver can provide fully programmable angular selectivity with a grating-lobe-free field-of-view of 30° and a gazing beamwidth of 0.74°.
Bandgap Engineering of Indium Phosphide-Based Core/Shell Heterostructures Through Shell Composition and Thickness

The large bulk bandgap (1.35 eV) and Bohr radius (~10 nm) of InP semiconductor nanocrystals provides bandgap tunability over a wide spectral range, providing superior color tuning compared to that of CdSe quantum dots. In this paper, the dependence of the bandgap, photoluminescence emission, and exciton radiative lifetime of core/shell quantum dot heterostructures has been investigated using colloidal InP core nanocrystals with multiple diameters (1.5, 2.5, and 3.7 nm). The shell thickness and composition dependence of the bandgap for type-I and type-II heterostructures was observed by coating the InP core with ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, or CdSe through one to ten iterations of a successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)-based shell deposition. The empirical results are compared to bandgap energy predictions made with effective mass modeling. Photoluminescence emission colors have been successfully tuned throughout the visible and into the near infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges for type-I and type-II heterostructures, respectively. Based on sizing data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is observed that at the same particle diameter, average radiative lifetimes can differ as much as 20-fold across different shell compositions due to the relative positions of valence and conduction bands. In this direct comparison of InP/ZnS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdS, and InP/CdSe core/shell heterostructures, we clearly delineate the impact of core size, shell composition, and shell thickness on the resulting optical properties. Specifically, Zn-based shells yield type-I structures that are color tuned through core size, while the Cd-based shells yield type-II particles that emit in the NIR regardless of the starting core size if several layers of CdS(e) have been successfully deposited. Particles with thicker CdS(e) shells exhibit longer photoluminescence lifetimes, while little shell-thickness dependence is observed for the Zn-based shells. Taken together, these InP-based heterostructures demonstrate the extent to which we are able to precisely tailor the material properties of core/shell particles using core/shell dimensions and composition as variables.
Laboratory selection for pesticide resistance in natural enemies

Several predatory arthropod species have undergone laboratory selection for pesticide resistance. Selected strains of M. occidentalis are commercially produced for mass releases in almond and apple orchards, resulting in substantial economic benefits to California agriculture. This chapter reviews the progress of genetic selection of natural enemies for resistance to pesticides. Specifically, it reviews the success of selection programs with respect to steps outlined in the flow chart, identifies bottlenecks in the process that limit success, and uses estimates of realized heritability to evaluate the selection process. No one has reported heritability estimates for the numerous studies involving selection for pesticide resistance in natural enemies. The chapter analyzes realized heritability using selection data for the parasitoids A. melinus, A. holoxanthus, and Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley. Steps involved in postselection evaluation phase involve evaluation of parasitoid fitness; evaluation of efficacy in the laboratory, greenhouse, or field cages; genetic analysis of resistance traits; and development of specific natural enemy/pest interaction models.
Spectatoring Mediates the Association Between Penis Appearance Concerns and Sexual Dysfunction

Men with penis appearance concerns are more likely to experience sexual dysfunction, but the processes underlying this association are unknown. This study investigated whether spectatoring (i.e., n...
Dietary restriction of iron availability attenuates UPEC pathogenesis in a mouse model of urinary tract infection

Iron is a critical nutrient required by hosts and pathogens. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the principal causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), chelate iron for their survival...
The Legacy of Reid's Common Sense in Analytic Epistemology

The common sense that heavily informs the epistemology of Thomas Reid has been recently hailed as instructive with regard to some of the most fundamental issues in epistemology by a burgeoning segm...
Long-standing problems in speech perception dissolve within an information-theoretic perspective.

An information theoretic framework is proposed to have the potential to dissolve (rather than attempt to solve) multiple long-standing problems concerning speech perception. By this view, speech perception can be reframed as a series of processes through which sensitivity to information—that which changes and/or is unpredictable—becomes increasingly sophisticated and shaped by experience. Problems concerning appropriate objects of perception (gestures vs. sounds), rate normalization, variance consequent to articulation, and talker normalization are reframed, or even dissolved, within this information-theoretic framework. Application of discriminative models founded on information theory provides a productive approach to answer questions concerning perception of speech, and perception most broadly.
Identity, Movement and Response

Borders run across land but through people. On maps they appear as fine one-dimensional lines, whereas on the ground they have many dimensions. In human terms, it is impossible to understand borders, and indeed the peripheral relations between the states and societies they contain, without understanding how it is to live along them. Borderlands are boundaries-in-depth, a space around a line, the place where state meets society and “where no one ever feels at home”. They are a terra de pas (footlands or steplands) to Catalonians and “the third country” to Mexican-Americans. The academic definitions (since academics rarely stick to one definition) are “sub-national areas whose economic and social life is directly and significantly affected by proximity to an international boundary”, or, more extensively, “zones of varying widths, in which people have recognizable configurations of relationships to people inside that zone, on both sides of the borderline but within the cultural landscape of the borderlands, and, as people of the border, special relationships with other people and institutions in their respective nations and states”.
Everyone Called Him Crazy

Everyone called him “the crazy guy” – he was known as one of the most difficult patients to take care of by our emergency department (ED). No one could understand him, no one could offer him what he needed, and no one wanted to take care of him. Caregivers would be just as confused and frustrated at him as he was with the health-care system.
Establishing the boundaries of journalism’s public mandate

This chapter prods us to take public arguments about journalism seriously. If journalism is not static or a fixed entity, if it can be said to change and adapt over time and if it is prone to competing visions, then these narratives cannot be ignored. Instead, their role in the larger struggle over the evolving practices and meanings of journalism deserves clarification, elaboration and engagement both from scholars and from the larger public. In many places around the world, the social role and continued relevance of contemporary journalism are subject to scrutiny. In this environment of uncertainty, even the most hackneyed normative appeal to the value of journalism – trite as it may sound to critical ears – is an expression of a felt belief presented as a justification for the continuing power of journalists to represent reality back to us. Non-journalistic voices need to be included as well, given the ample discourse produced about news performance – including from journalism scholars. The news does not exist in isolation, but as a discourse embedded within a larger metadiscourse seeking to make sense of journalism.
Flux-Conserving Diagrammatic Formulation of Optical Spectroscopy of Open Quantum Systems

We present a theoretical approach to optical spectroscopy of open nonequilibrium systems, which generalizes traditional nonlinear optical spectroscopy tools by imposing charge and energy conservation at all levels of approximation. Both molecular and radiation field degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. The formulation is based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach, and a double sided Feynman diagrammatic representation of the photon flux is developed. Numerical simulations are presented for a model system. Our study bridges the theoretical approaches of quantum transport and optical spectroscopy and establishes a firm basis for applying traditional tools of nonlinear optical spectroscopy in molecular optoelectronics.
Understanding Entangled Relationships Between Un/Interrogated Privileges: Tracing Research Pathways With Contemplative Art-Making, Duoethnography, and Pecha Kucha:

I explore how using a bag portrait activity, duoethnography, and a mixed-medium layering method of arts-informed analysis in a doctoral-level qualitative research class enhanced students’ understan...
“Taphonomy: Dead and fossilized”: A new board game designed to teach college undergraduate students about the process of fossilization

Incorporating games in teaching can help students retain material and become innovative problem solvers through engagement and enjoyment. Here we describe a new board game, “Taphonomy: Dead and Fos...
High-energy proton radiation damage experiment on a hybrid CMOS detector

We report on the results of an experiment to determine the effects of radiation damage caused by high-energy protons on an x-ray hybrid CMOS detector. This detector was utilized in a previous proton radiation experiment, which delivered a total dose to a selected region of ∼3 krad (Si). With updated hardware and experimental procedures, we further irradiated the detector with 7-MeV protons, delivering an additional 1.5 krad (Si) (2.78 × 109 protons / cm2 10 MeV equivalent) with increased uniformity to an overlapping region. The effects of this radiation on several important detector characteristics were analyzed after delivering doses of 0.5 and 1.0 krad. After 16 h of annealing at room temperature, detector performance was found to be unchanged in both cases.
Case reportAnterolateral papillary muscle rupture after intervention of the right coronary arteryRotura do músculo papilar anterolateral após intervenção na artéria coronária direita

Rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle following a right coronary artery occlusion is extremely rare, and when complicated by a right ventricular infarction, can be fatal. The literature on optimal management of this complication is limited. We present an unusual case of anterolateral papillary muscle rupture following intervention of the right coronary artery.
Opinion: At a Crossroads: Reimagining science, engineering, and medicine-and its practitioners.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has cast a bright light on the importance of science and evidence (1). Epidemiologists have provided public health advice informed by experience with epidemics and are sharing best practices for halting the spread of the virus. Biomedical scientists are researching how the virus works, testing treatments, and racing to develop a safe and effective vaccine. This work reinforces previous calls from the National Academies and others for strong investments in science and mathematics education; science, engineering, and medicine research; and the translation of new knowledge into products and processes that improve public health, spur economic growth, and maintain national security (2⇓–4). Recent events have shined a bright light on intractable inequalities in US society. The science enterprise is far from immune. Although there has been progress, the science community can do much more. Image credit: Shutterstock/Tverdokhlib. Although its high level of contagion means that everyone is vulnerable to the virus, the pandemic has also shined a bright light on intractable inequalities in our society. Several months ago, we, along with others, advocated for release of COVID-19 case data by race, arguing that we could not understand the impact of the virus unless we could see how it affected communities differently. When data were finally made available, the disparities were clear. Elderly and low-income Americans, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics are infected by and dying from the virus in disproportionate numbers. Ibram Kendi has shown that the African American community has been particularly hard hit because of structural racism, economic inequalities, and health disparities (5). To paraphrase others, these differences provided the kindling and police brutality the match for the widespread fire of racial protest that has called for broad policy changes to address structural racism in America. The pandemic … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: hrabowsk{at}umbc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Exploring the Types of Stories Hearing Parents Tell About Rearing their Children Who Use Cochlear Implants.

Objectives The majority of children born in the United States with hearing loss (HL) are born to parents with hearing. Many of these parents ultimately choose cochlear implantation for their children. There are now decades of research showing which these children's speech, language, listening, and education seem to benefit from cochlear implantation. To date, however, we know little about the experiences of the parents who guided these children throughout their journeys. We propose that elucidating the types of stories these parents tell is a first step toward understanding their varied experiences and has the potential to ultimately improve healthcare outcomes for both children and their families. Thus, to better understand parents' experience, we asked the following research question: what types of stories do parents with hearing tell about rearing their children with HL who use cochlear implants? Design In this prospective qualitative study, we used a narrative approach. Specifically, we conducted narrative interviews with 20 hearing parents who are rearing young children (mean age = 5.4 years) born with HL who use cochlear implants. We then used thematic narrative analysis to identify recurring themes throughout the narratives that coalesced into the types of stories parents told about their experiences. Findings Thematic narrative analysis revealed five story types: (1) stories of personal growth, (2) proactive stories, (3) stories of strain and inundation, (4) detached stories, and (5) stories of persistence. Conclusions In the present study, different types of stories emerged from parents' experiences that share common events-a family's baby is identified at birth with unexpected permanent HL, the family chooses to pursue cochlear implantation for their child, and then the family raises said pediatric cochlear implant user into adulthood. Despite these similarities, the stories also varied in their sensemaking. Some parents told stories in which a positive life narrative turned bad, whereas others told stories in which a narrative of surviving turned into one of thriving. These findings specifically contribute to the field of hearing healthcare by providing professionals with insight into parents' sensemaking via the types of stories they shared centered on their perceptions and experiences following their child's diagnosis of HL and their decision to pursue cochlear implantation.
p-Diamond as a plasmonic material for terahertz applications

The gate-controlled hole gas at the hydrogenated diamond surface was predicted to have a plasmonic response to a terahertz and sub-terahertz electric field, making p-diamond field effect transistors (FETs) promising candidates for implementing room temperature plasmonic devices. The predicted performance of diamond plasmonic detectors shows their potential for high temperature, high voltage, and radiation hard applications and for THz communications and spectroscopy in the atmospheric windows from 0.2 to 0.6 THz. This makes p-diamond a unique material for Beyond 5G THz communications, since a resonant plasmonic response makes also possible the realization of p-diamond based emitters in sub-terahertz range, using strong current driven plasma instability in gated channels. Toward the optimal design of p-diamond plasmonic devices we simulated the response using hydrodynamic equations, Our fabrication process for obtaining higher mobility p-diamond plasmonic FETs will be presented.
The Migrant University

Migration is fundamental to the planet, and human experience is no exception. Since the emergence of homo erectus, and especially as homo sapien, movement has defined our experience with, on, toward, and as part of the Earth. Contemporary humankind’s dominance and dominion over the Earth is no exception. We are more mobile today than ever, perhaps. Whether measured by the record-setting number of migrants traversing international terrain or the ever-increasing airline flights, or train, bus, and car rides that humans make annually, humankind is a species on the move. Yet, we have built our institutions – including the university – within settlement-based frameworks. That is to say, the contemporary university is understood as a place-based and place-making institution.
Machine Learning Approach Identified Multi-Platform Factors for Caries Prediction in Child-Mother Dyads.

Untreated tooth decays affect nearly one-third of the world and is the most prevalent disease burden among children. The disease progression of tooth decay is multifactorial and involves a prolonged decrease in pH, resulting in the demineralization of tooth surfaces. Bacterial species that are capable of fermenting carbohydrates contribute to the demineralization process by the production of organic acids. The combined use of machine learning and 16s rRNA sequencing offers the potential to predict tooth decay by identifying the bacterial community that is present in an individual’s oral cavity. A few recent studies have demonstrated machine learning predictive modeling using 16s rRNA sequencing of oral samples, but they lack consideration of the multifactorial nature of tooth decay, as well as the role of fungal species within their models. Here, the oral microbiome of mother-child dyads (both healthy and caries active) was used in combination with demographic-environmental factors and relevant fungal information to create a multifactorial machine learning model based on the LASSO penalized logistic regression. For the children, not only were several bacterial species found to be caries-associated (Prevotella histicola, Streptococcus mutans, and Rothia muciloginosa), but oral Candida detection and lower toothbrushing frequency were also caries-associated. Mothers enrolled in this study had a higher detection of S. mutans and Candida, and a higher plaque index. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the significant impact machine learning could have in prevention and diagnostic advancements for tooth decay, as well as the importance of considering fungal and demographic-environmental factors.
Examining Spatial Distribution and Spread of Fire Blight in Apple Orchards: Two Case Studies

Fire blight, caused by the bacteria Erwinia amylovora, is an incredibly destructive disease of apples, capable of spreading rapidly through an orchard block. The pathogen is endemic to many apple p...
Control of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Hydrocarbon Fuel Tanks

Most of the problems originating with microbial deteriogens of fuels stored on naval ships or in land based tanks have arisen from fungi or sulfate-reducing bacteria. Fuel degrading fungi contribute to particulate matter and sludge and sulfate reducers produce fuel soluble sulfides and sulfur. Both groups of microorganisms contribute to corrosion.
Low-Noise Wide-Band Amplifiers with Capacitive Sources: Camps

In many Hi-Fi application circuits such as AM/FM radio receivers, video cassette recorders, etc, the information to be received is in the form of an electromagnetic field. These electromagnetic fields are firstly converted into electrical currents or voltages by means of an inductive coil such as the ferrite antenna of a radio receiver or magnetic head of a recorder. The converted electrical signal can then be handled by an integrated circuit system such as amplifier, multiplier, detector, A/D and D/A converters, etc. In general, the converted electrical signal in the inductive source can be very small (...100...µV,...1...nA) so that a very low-noise preamplifier is necessary to amplify the signal to a high level for further processing.
The Social Organization of a Middle School Mathematics Group Discussion

This study analyzes patterns of interaction among bilingual middle school students while they engaged in peer mathematical discussions. Using a sociocultural lens on learning the practice of school mathematics, this study addresses three questions: (1) What kind of mathematical discourse practices did the students engage in? (2) What discourse patterns emerged during these mathematics conversations? (3) What are the implicit “rules” that appear shape students’ interactions, what are the pragmatic implications of these rules, and which students benefit from these rules? Using conversation analysis and discourse analysis we show that the students primarily engaged in “calculational” conversations, that mathematics conversations followed rules distinct from the rules of everyday conversations, and “intellectual authority” emerged as an important construct for understanding students’ mathematical discourse practices.
Fields of TimeVarying Currents (Accelerated Charge)

This chapter contains sections titled: Faraday's Fundamental Law of Induction Amp��re's Law and Displacement Current Waves, Wavelength, Time Delay, and Electrical Dimensions How Can Results Derived Using Static (DC) Voltages and Currents be used in Problems Where the Voltages and Currents are Varying with Time? Vector Magnetic Potential for Time-Varying Currents Conservation of Energy and Poynting's Theorem Inductance of a Conducting Loop
the efficacy of the lipmanian approach to teaching philosophy for children

How does one best stimulate among children and youth the nurturing of caring, higher order thinking, which Matthew Lipman extols and seeks to realize via his Philosophy for Children program? For Lipman, this is achieved principally through philosophical dialogue in a community of inquiry characterized not so much by participants’ shared quest to reach a fixed destination, but by a process guided by “procedural rules, which are largely logical in nature,” and which are imbued with “reasonableness, creativity, and care”. This, he believes, will best lead to the gaining of a deeper understanding of inquirers’ differing views that in turn enables them to accept and even embrace differences of opinion. Yet, I will contend in this paper, the type of process Lipman espouses, in which one allows an argument to be pursued wherever it happens to lead, must also be somewhat eschewed and supplanted with a discernible method on order to achieve the laudable ends Lipman has in mind, namely of enabling youth to “become more thoughtful, more reflective, more considerate, more reasonable individuals”. To Lipman, an ipso facto outcome of dialogue of the sort he endorses is that as students become inured to asking each other for and seeking out reasons and opinions, they develop the capacity to listen carefully to each other and build upon and develop one another’s ideas; but I will make the case that this skill of careful listening, combined with the development of ideas, needs to be informed by a critical-sceptical method, if the ambitious and laudable democracy-enhancing aims of the Lipmanian Philosophy for Children program are to be optimally achieved. Key words: method; process; community; thinking; rules
Do the Professionals and the Soon-to-be Professionals Retain Traditional Gender Stereotypes?

In a classic study during the early 1970s, researchers found that a cross-section of the Harvard Business Review subscribers would make substantially different business decisions depending on whether the principle person involved was a male or female. Kovach (1985) conducted a similar study with 512 undergraduate students who were enrolled in a personnel management course in which they had recently studied a unit in the Federal Fair Employment Practices, Title VII, the Equal Pay Act, and related topics. His results indicated that very little had changed since the Harvard Business Review study. Kovach’s results indicated that men and women are equally guilty of sex stereotyping against women in the work place. He concluded that while legislation may make it possible for women to risen corporate hierarchies, even future women executives will impose barriers that will hurt other women. Schien investigated the relationship of sex-role stereotypes to managerial characteristics and performance and confirmed that successful middle managers are perceived to possess generally ascribed masculine characteristics, attitudes, and temperaments. In a replication study, Shien confirmed that the accepted model of successful managers was the masculine sex-role stereotype. The association between sex-role stereotypes and management characteristics was particularly strong among women with less than 5 years experience. Locksley, Borgida, Berkke, and Hepburn tested the widely held assumption that stereotypic beliefs affect judgments of individuals. They found no evidence to support this belief. What they did discover was the subjects’ judgments of the target individual are strongly influenced by target’s behavioral information. They concluded that even the everyday experiences which contraindicate stereotypical beliefs do not lead people to disconfirm their stereotypic beliefs. In other words, stereotypes may persist and remain resistant to modification even when people do not behave according to sex-role norms.
Probing the Neural Basis of Body Ownership

How do we distinguish our bodies from other objects and know that our body parts belong to us? In his Perspective, Botvinick explains intriguing new data ( Ehrsson et al.) showing that the feeling of body ownership depends on activation of premotor cortex neurons and their ability to integrate diverse sensory information (visual, tactile, and proprioceptive) from our body parts.
Halo current measurements on Alcator C-Mod

An aggressive experimental campaign to measure halo currents in Alcator C-Mod is described. Arrays of magnetic probes in combination with resistive shunts in outer divertor modules measure total halo currents flowing during disruptions as well as their vertical and toroidal distributions. Toroidal rotation and toroidal asymmetries dominated by n=1 structure characterize the measurements. A vertical array of magnetic probes places an upper bound on the width of the halo region, indicating that the halo currents flow in a layer close to the plasma. Dynamic calculations of the stresses on the Alcator C-Mod vacuum vessel inner cylinder indicate enhanced stresses attributable to the asymmetries observed. Halo current measurements are presented and tentative scalings of halo current with plasma parameters are proposed.
Thermal self‐focusing instability in the high‐latitude ionosphere

[1] A model for the linear theory of the overdense thermal self-focusing instability, as generated by high power radio waves, in the high-latitude F-region ionosphere is developed. We treat self-focusing-driven irregularities with scale sizes, perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, on the order of a kilometer and smaller. We find that E-region coupling leads to nonambipolar perpendicular diffusive effects. The conducting E-region is shown to increase the threshold for the thermal self-focusing instability. Growth rates of the thermal self-focusing instability are computed, including E-region conductivity effects, for a range of radio wave amplitudes.
Debates on U.S. Health Care

Philosophical, Political, and Legal Debates Introduction Foundational Debates Moral Significance of Health Care Health Care and Human Health Health Care as a Human Right Individual Responsibility for Health The Role of the Market in Health Care Racial Disparities in Health Status and Accessing Health Care Single-Payer Health Care System Health Care Reform Debates Public Opinion and Health Care Reform States' Rights and Health Care Reform Liberty and the Individual Mandate Federal Authority Over the Individual Mandate Underserved Communities and Health Care Reform Abortion and Reproductive Health Services Reforming Medical Malpractice Liability Economic and Fiscal Debates Introduction Expanding Coverage Individual Mandate Insurance Regulation Insurance Exchanges Employer Mandate Paying for Reform and Bending the Cost Curve Deficit Reduction Tax Treatment of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Taxing High-Cost (Cadillac) Plans Price Transparency Accountable Care Organizations Independent Payments Advisory Board Medicare Negotiation of Drug Pricing Medicaid Program Flexibility Quality Debates Introduction Providers and Quality Primary Care Nurse Practitioners and Physicians' Assistants Female Physicians Ethnic Background of Physicians and Patients Home Care Treatment Methods and Quality Centralized Versus Decentralized Control Comparative Effectiveness Research Information Technology Adoption Cost and Quality Medicare Benefit Cuts High-Deductible Health Insurance Plans
Ontogenetic changes of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in two species of Ambystoma.

Abstract 1. The LDH isozyme content of developing embryos of A. maculatum and A. mexicanum changes from one composed predominately of isozymes with faster electrophoretic mobility to one composed predominately of isozymes with slower electrophoretic mobility. 2. The relationship of these findings to the results of similar studies on other organisms is discussed.
A Shareholders' Put Option: Counteracting the Acquirer Overpayment Problem

Acquisition transactions are often the most significant activity undertaken by corporations. Despite the plethora of acquisition transactions, numerous empirical studies find that large-scale acquisition transactions involving public companies result in significant losses for acquiring firms and their shareholders. Finance scholars have attributed these losses to managerial agency costs (such as personal benefits in the form of increased compensation for management) and behavioral biases (such as ego and hubris) of boards and management. Curiously, corporate law has remained largely silent in the face of this evidence. Acquisition transactions involve fundamental questions pertaining to the allocation of power between managers and shareholders. While corporate law has robust doctrines pertaining to the rights of shareholders of selling firms, it gives little attention to shareholders of acquiring firms. Under current statutory schemes, acquirer shareholders rarely enjoy any decision-making role in acquisitions. Moreover, judicial doctrine’s deferential stance toward the acquirer’s management means that acquirer shareholders are unable to seek any redress through the courts. The Article proposes a novel solution to alter the stark imbalances in power between managers and shareholders of acquiring firms: a shareholders’ put option. The market pricing and shareholder direct participation contemplated by this proposal offer a referendum and monetary mechanism through which shareholders of acquiring firms could participate in acquisition decisions. The Article also provides a market-oriented incentive and process through which boards of acquiring firms could meaningfully consider whether to acquire another firm and how to properly value it. A diligent board could in fact use the put option to signal a well-valued transaction. Moreover, if exercised, a shareholders’ put option would force the acquirer’s management to internalize the costs of a value-destroying acquisition. If successfully used, a shareholders’ put option may be an optimal way to alter the balance of power in acquisition transactions so as to address the destruction of value suffered by acquirer shareholders.
Data Management Plans as a Research Tool

Suggested citation: "Westra, Brian, Amanda L. Whitmire, Jake Carlson, Patricia Hswe, Susan Wells Parham, Lizzy Rolando (2015).”Data Management Plans as a Research Tool,” Association of College and Research Libraries Conference, poster"
Barcode-enabled sequencing of plasmablast antibody repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective A hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the production of autoantibodies, including anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Nevertheless, the specific targets of these autoantibodies remain incompletely defined. During an immune response, B cells specific for the inciting antigen(s) are activated and differentiate into plasmablasts, which are released into the blood. We undertook this study to sequence the plasmablast antibody repertoire to define the targets of the active immune response in RA. Methods We developed a novel DNA barcoding method to sequence the cognate heavy- and light-chain pairs of antibodies expressed by individual blood plasmablasts in RA. The method uses a universal 5′ adapter that enables full-length sequencing of the antibodies' variable regions and recombinant expression of the paired antibody chains. The sequence data sets were bioinformatically analyzed to generate phylogenetic trees that identify clonal families of antibodies sharing heavy- and light-chain VJ sequences. Representative antibodies were expressed, and their binding properties were characterized using anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti–CCP-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antigen microarrays. Results We used our sequencing method to generate phylogenetic trees representing the antibody repertoires of peripheral blood plasmablasts from 4 individuals with anti-CCP+ RA, and recombinantly expressed 14 antibodies that were either “singleton” antibodies or representative of clonal antibody families. Anti–CCP-2 ELISA identified 4 ACPAs, and antigen microarray analysis identified ACPAs that differentially targeted epitopes on α-enolase, citrullinated fibrinogen, and citrullinated histone H2B. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that autoantibodies targeting α-enolase, citrullinated fibrinogen, and citrullinated histone H2B are produced by the ongoing activated B cell response in, and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of, RA.
Ultrafast energy transfer within cyclic self-assembled chlorophyll tetramers.

We have prepared a zinc chlorophyll (ZC) derivative that self-assembles into a cyclic tetramer as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering studies in solution using a synchrotron source. This cyclic tetramer exhibits intramolecular energy transfer rates determined from singlet−singlet annihilation and transient absorption anisotropy studies that are comparable to those observed previously only for covalent ring structures. The larger transition dipole moment for the lowest energy electronic transition of ZC compared to that of metalloporphyrins increases the rate of Forster (through-space) energy transfer between the chlorophylls. Our synthetic and self-assembly strategy makes it possible to design larger monodisperse chlorophyll rings for energy transfer in artificial photosynthetic systems.
'Survey': needless despoilment of a traditional research term

This note demonstrates an example of lost knowledge in the marketing research field. In particular, the original meaning of the terms ‘survey’ and ‘survey research’ has been perverted, apparently through inattention. Epistemology is presented to verify, resultant problems are exposed, and some remedial conceptualisation and semantic tactics are offered. If ‘a problem recognised is half solved’, this philological endeavour aspires to cover turf at least to that midway point.
Oligoanthranilamides. Non-Peptide Subunits That Show Formation of Specific Secondary Structure

A family of novel oligomers based on the anthranilamide nucleus has been prepared and shown to form well-defined secondary structural features. 1H NMR and X-ray crystallographic techniques have demonstrated that intramolecular hydrogen bonds play a key role in stabilizing both linear sheet and helical conformational forms.
Hydrogen anneal of E′ centers in thermal SiO2 on Si

The anneal of E′ centers in thin steam grown oxides by H2 from an external ambient has been studied. The anneal process is found to be reaction, rather than diffusion-limited. This is in accord with similar conclusions on Pb centers. The lower limit to activation energy for the undefined anneal reaction is 0.3 eV. The E′ results are compared with anneal by H2O, which is diffusion limited in thin films, and with anneal by O2, which remains anomalous.
Improved visualization of the human lung in 1H MRI using multiple inversion recovery for simultaneous suppression of signal contributions from fat and muscle.

1H magnetic resonance Imaging of the lung is hampered by the low contrast between lung parenchyma, and muscle and fat in the thorax. We show that it is possible to Improve contrast greatly and thereby enhance the visibility of the lung, by suppression of signal of surrounding muscle and fat based on differences In T 1 relaxation times using a double Inversion recovery preparation pulses (Tl 1 800 msec, and Tl 2 150 msec) and a half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence. The measured T 1 values for the right and left lungs at 1.5 T were 1.37 ± 0.18 and 1.41 ± 0.21 sec, respectively.
The search for clean alternative fuels: There's no such thing as a free lunch!

Abstract The search for cleaner air has led us to examine alternative hydrocarbon fuels. In particular, alcohol and oxygenated blends have been proposed as panaceas for our urban air pollution problems, especially ozone. Discussed here is the alternative fuel issue as it relates to alcohol fuel usage, and an examination of the key issues that have to be addressed in considering adoption of any alternative energy strategy for controlling atmospheric pollution. Tradeoffs must be considered, including economic, safety, and potential water pollution problems.
Cold dark matter from constrained minimal supersymmetry

Predictions for the properties and detectability of cold dark matter (CDM) made of the lightest supersymmetric partner (LSP) are presented. This work differs from previous ones by first including all theoretical and experimental constraints in constructing the supersymmetric models, so that all parameters used are known to be consistent with other requirements, second by not assuming values for parameters but surveying the entire parameter space, and third by considering all methods of CDM detection in a consistent way. This talk is based on work with E. Diehl, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski, and J. Wells.
Varying coefficient subdistribution regression for left-truncated semi-competing risks data

Semi-competing risks data frequently arise in biomedical studies when time to a disease landmark event is subject to dependent censoring by death, the observation of which however is not precluded by the occurrence of the landmark event. In observational studies, the analysis of such data can be further complicated by left truncation. In this work, we study a varying co-efficient subdistribution regression model for left-truncated semi-competing risks data. Our method appropriately accounts for the specifical truncation and censoring features of the data, and moreover has the flexibility to accommodate potentially varying covariate effects. The proposed method can be easily implemented and the resulting estimators are shown to have nice asymptotic properties. We also present inference, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov type and Cramer Von-Mises type hypothesis testing procedures for the covariate effects. Simulation studies and an application to the Denmark diabetes registry demonstrate good finite-sample performance and practical utility of the proposed method.
Comparison of the in vitro toxicity of dichloroaniline structural isomers.

Acute exposure to certain dichloroaniline (DCA) isomers results in renal and hepatic toxicity in vivo. In the present study we examined whether dichloroaniline structural isomers were cytotoxic to liver and kidney slices in vitro and compared the toxicities of the different structural isomers. These studies were necessary in order to validate the use of an in vitro slice system for examination of the cellular mechanisms for toxicity. Renal cortical and hepatic slices were incubated for 90 min with 2,3-DCA, 2,4-DCA, 2,5-DCA, 2,6-DCA, 3,4-DCA or 3,5-DCA at a final concentration of 0–1 mm. Pyruvate-directed gluconeogenesis was measured following an additional 30-min incubation with 10 mM pyruvate. Cytotoxicity was also determined by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release 120 min after the addition of dichloroaniline isomers at a final concentration of 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mM. Gluconeogenesis in renal cortical slices was inhibited by all of the isomers beginning at a concentration of 0.5 mM. Renal slice LDH leakage was elevated above control levels by 1–2 mM 3,4-DCA or 3,5-DCA. A final concentration of 2 mM was needed for 2,3-DCA, 2,4-DCA, 2,5-DCA or 2,6-DCA in order to detect a significant (P < 0.05) increase in renal slice LDH leakage. Hepatic slices incubated with 0.5–2 mM 2,3-DCA or 2 mM 2,5-DCA exhibited diminished pyruvate-directed gluconeogenesis. After exposure to 2,4-DCA, 2,6-DCA, 3,4-DCA or 3,5-DCA, pyruvate-directed gluconeogenesis was similar to that in the controls. LDH leakage was increased significantly (P < 0.05) above control values by exposure to 2 mM 3,4-DCA or 3,5-DCA. In conclusion, DCA structural isomers were toxic in vitro to liver and kidney slices. These results indicated that the kidney was more sensitive than the liver to DCA isomers, and that the most toxic isomer was 3,5-DCA. These results are similar to those previously observed in vivo.
State Legislators" Support for Evidence-based Obesity Reduction Measures

Abstract Objective This study aimed to gauge state legislators' level of support for evidence-based obesity reduction policies. Methods A list of 17 potential obesity reduction measures was sent via a valid and reliable survey questionnaire to a random sample of 800 state legislators from all 50 United States in 2011. Legislators were asked to rate their support for each measure on a three-point Likert-type scale. Results There were 250 questionnaires returned. Chi-square tests revealed no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents by sex, political affiliation, or chamber designation. Respondents were approximately evenly split between Republicans ( n = 117) and Democrats ( n = 122). Overall, public school and community-based measures were supported at approximately the same levels. Linear regression revealed that political affiliation, race, and perceiving obesity as a serious societal problem were significant predictors of legislator support for obesity reduction policies. Legislator body mass index, level of education, and geographic location were not significant predictors of support. Conclusions Public health advocates interested in promoting obesity prevention legislation at the state level are most likely to find support among non-white female Democratic legislators regardless of their BMI who perceive obesity to be a serious societal problem.