cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Undergraduates Have Difficulty Distinguishing Formats Based on Discovery Tool Search Results

A Review of: Gewirtz, S. R., Novak, M., & Parsons, J. (2014). Evaluating the intersection between WorldCat Local and student research. Journal of Web Librarianship, 8(2), 113-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2014.877312 Abstract Objective – To evaluate the usability of WorldCat Local for undergraduate students conducting research. Design – Usability study. Setting – Two small, liberal arts colleges in central Minnesota. Subjects – 13 undergraduates (7 females and 6 males). Methods – To simulate an authentic research process, researchers created a thesis statement and a list of materials students needed to find using WorldCat Local. The students were video recorded and instructed to use the “think aloud” protocol as they worked through the list of materials to find. Researchers analyzed the recordings and evaluated the efficiency of the students’ searching processes using a rubric with scores from 1 to 5. Main Results – Students were able to find books relevant to their topic, but had difficulty in identifying a book that their college library did not own. Students had more difficulty finding current scholarly journal articles and encyclopedias. Additionally, students had trouble distinguishing different formats in the results list. Conclusion – The WorldCat Local results interface confused students, especially when they tried to determine the types of materials found (e.g., article, book, etc.). The students showed little understanding of relevance sorting and facets, although they did attempt to use them while searching. Despite the difficulties, the colleges will keep WorldCat Local as their discovery tool while exploring alternative options. The researchers suggest the need for future research to confirm their findings and determine what changes to the discovery tool interface would be most beneficial for the users.
Nonlinearity enhancement in finite coupled-resonator slow-light waveguides

In this paper, we derive the exact dispersion relation of one dimensional periodic coupled-resonator optical waveguides of finite length, from which the reduced group velocity of light is obtained. We show that the group index strongly depends on the number of cavities in the system, especially for operation at the center frequency. The nonlinear phase sensitivity shows an enhancement proportional to the square of the group index (or light slowing ratio). Aperiodic coupled ring-resonator optical waveguides with optimized linear properties are then synthesized to give an almost ideal nonlinear phase shift response. For a given application and bandwidth requirement, the nonlinear sensitivity can be increased by either decreasing resonator length or by using higher-order structures. The impact of optical loss, including linear and two-photon absorption is discussed in post-analysis.
A Conversation about Educational Leadership in Museums

AbstractOn February 26, 2009 the Journal of Museum Education hosted a telephone conversation among five senior museum educators. Leslie Bedford, Director of the Leadership in Museum Education Program at Bank Street College, facilitated the discussion with Mary Ellen Munley, Randy Roberts, Elsa Bailey, and Brigid Globensky. They shared their thinking on the theory and practice of educational leadership today. The conversation was recorded and will be available as a podcast.
Contractility of isolated stratum granulosum cells

Single cells isolated from the stratum granulosum and observed by phase microcopy were seen to contract upon exposure to asdenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the presence of calcium and magnesium. These cells, mechanically isolated from trypsin-treated epidermis of guinea-pig, man and cattle, had been briefly exposed to glycerol or triton X-100. The treatment with glycerol itself, but not Triton X-100 also induced a reversible contraction of the granular cell. Other keratinocytes showed no changes, nor was contraction observed in granulosum cells pretreated with cytochalasin or colchicine. These single celll experiments support the view that the stratum granulosum contains cells which are myoepithelial in nature.
Knowledge-based systems for maintenance of mail processing equipment: an initial report

Since January 1987, the US Postal Service Office of Advanced Technology has been sponsoring research into the use of knowledge-based systems (KBS) for maintenance of mail processing equipment. Demonstrations presented in February 1988 have shown potential for using both KBS shells (GEN-X, KLAMShell) and standard AI (artificial intelligence) languages namely, Prolog to implement KBS to assist maintenance technicians. Demonstration systems have been created which incorporate databases and/or graphics to aid maintenance technicians in the repair of complex optical character reader/channel sorters. The authors detail the work in progress, which includes examining the potential for creating a KBS shell for maintenance of general postal equipment and examining the effects of KBS deployment on future equipment design. >
What causes the “wet diaper” artifact? computed tomography and magnetic resonance observations

Disposable diapers contain super absorbent polymers that absorb liquid. A radio-dense artifact, seen when the diaper is wet, obscures radiographic information but is frequently misinterpreted. Our purpose was to examine this artifact on CT and MR to further clarify and explain its origin. Dry and wet diapers were imaged. Fluid within the wet diaper appeared as small nodules with characteristics of bound water. No free water was detected. Dry diapers produced no artifact. The artifact is most undesirable on radiographs, but does not obscure diagnostic information on cross-sectional imaging. It should not be misinterpreted as contrast.
Semantic bootstrapping of type-logical grammar

A two-stage procedure is described which induces type-logical grammar lexicons from sentences annotated with skeletal terms of the simply typed lambda calculus. First, a generalized formulae-as-types correspondence is exploited to obtain all the type-logical proofs of the sample sentences from their lambda terms. The resulting lexicons are then optimally unified. The first stage constitutes the semantic bootstrapping (Pinker, Language Learnability and Language Development, Harvard University Press, 1984), while the unification procedure of Buszkowski and Penn represents a first attempt at structure-dependent distributional learning of the syntactic and semantic categories. This effort extends earlier induction procedures (Buszkowski and Penn, 1990, Studia Logica 49, 431--454; Kanazawa, 1998, CSLI Publications and the European Association for Logic, Language and Information) for classical categorial grammar to at first the non-associative Lambek calculus, and then to a large class of type logics enriched by modal operators and structural rules.
Rossby Wave Propagation and the Rapid Development of Upper-Level Anomalous Anticyclones during the 1988 U.S. Drought

Abstract The upper-tropospheric circulation is investigated for the three months of April, May, and June 1988 during which the Great Plains region of the United States experienced one of its most severe droughts in history. It is found that during this period the April–June (AMJ) seasonal-mean anomaly was not representative of the variability of 10-day low-pass anomalies. Rather, over North America large fluctuations on monthly and shorter timescales occurred, with the dominant streamfunction anomalies not strongly anticyclonic until June. In fact, the AMJ anomaly was dominated by two episodes of rapidly developing, intense anomalous anticyclones in early and late June. Examination of the daily 10-day low-pass streamfunction anomalies at 300 mb suggests that propagating Rossby waves originating in the west Pacific played a dominant role in the initiation of these intense anomalous anticyclones. Numerical experiments with a linear, time-dependent, barotropic model also support this hypothesis. These result...
Constitutivism, Belief, and Emotion

Constitutivists about one's cognitive access to one's mental states often hold that for any rational subject S and mental state M falling into some specified range of types, necessarily, if S believes that she has M, then S has M. Some argue that such a principle applies to beliefs about all types of mental state. Others are more cautious, but offer no criterion by which the principle's range could be determined. In this paper I begin to develop such a criterion, arguing that although the principle applies when M is a belief, it does not apply when M is an emotion. I account for this asymmetry by focusing on differences in the commitments that belief and emotion conceptually involve, and briefly sketch out a psychological explanation of those differences. I conclude that one can reasonably split one's epistemological loyalties between constitutivism regarding metabeliefs and non-constitutivism regarding beliefs about one's emotions. 1. Preliminary considerations 'Constitutivism', as I use the term, refers to a broad family of views concerned with one's awareness of one's own mental states. These include privileged access , first-person authority , and the like. Once characterized, these notions play key roles in constitutivist accounts of the sorts of self-knowledge one may have from a first-person perspective. Although such accounts differ widely on issues of justification or warrant, they often agree on the issue of truth , holding that one's beliefs about one's having certain mental states are infallible , at least if one is rational and the beliefs are produced in the usual way. However, there is little agreement on how best to explain this conditional infallibility. At one end of the spectrum are explanations from mere convention. On such a view, which has been attributed to Wittgenstein, our practice is simply to treat such beliefs as infallible, and there is little more to be said about it.1 At the other end of the spectrum, substantive psychological, epistemic, or metaphysical explanations are suggested. Some of these focus on the apparent immediacy of the process by which such beliefs are formed, a process whose presumably non-inferential and non
Sex differences in nonverbal and verbal communication with bosses, peers, and subordinates.

Relatively little is known about differences in either the nonverbal or verbal behavior of male and female managers. The present study examines both nonverbal and verbal behavior of male and female master's in business administration (MBA) candidates as they speak on the telephone to their boss, peer, and subordinate. Ratings of the competence and warmth of their tone of voice and of the transcript of the conversation yielded parallel measures of both nonverbal and verbal channels. A repeated measures analysis of variance for the competence variable yielded a significant interaction between sex of speaker and status of person spoken to (i.e., boss, peer, or subordinate) such that females' voices were rated as sounding more competent both verbally and nonverbally when they were speaking to their bosses, whereas males' voices were rated as more competent when they were speaking to their peers. The results are discussed in terms of sex rote stereotypes of males and females in management positions. The fact that larger numbers of women have entered the management ranks has provoked a flurry of research about female managers (Terborg, 1977). This flurry may have occurred in part because (a) traditional sex role stereotypes indicate that men and women are perceived to possess very different traits and attributes and (b) the male traits are valued more highly than the female traits by people in general (Broverman, Vogel, Broverman, Clarkson, & Rosenkrantz, 1972). More specifically, the traits associated with the male sex role are perceived as crucial for success in positions of managerial power, whereas the traits associated with the female sex role are perceived as incongruous with the traits associated with being a good manager (Schein, 1973, 1975; Krasner, Snodgrass,
Cerebral Arterial Anatomy

Disorders of the cerebrovascular system constitute a major class of diseases affecting the central nervous system. A detailed understanding of the cervical and cranial vascular anatomy and physiology is essential for successful diagnostic and interventional management of cerebrovascular disorders. This chapter will provide a basic overview of angiographic arterial anatomy of the cervicocranial circulation while emphasizing clinical considerations pertinent to interventions of the cervicocranial vasculature.
The Frontogenetical Forcing of Secondary Circulations. Part I: The Duality and Generalization of the Q Vector

Abstract Hoskins, Draghici, and others have shown that the Q vector is an important quantity in quasi-geostrophic (QG) theory for the diagnosis of ageostrophic circulations. In this paper, a vorticity dynamics perspective is used to develop a generalized Q vector, Q*. An equation that relates the material derivative of the thermal-wind imbalance vector to Q* and ageostrophic terms in isentropic flow is obtained from the primitive equations (PE). The generalized Q vector is the vector mean of two terms: a frontogenetical vector that, for horizontal isentropic flow, is equal to the vector frontogenesis function F, and a vortex stretching term proportional to the stretching and reorientation of vorticity by the horizontal wind. Invoking just one QG assumption, the substitution of geostrophic for total velocity gradients, reduces Q* to Q and leads directly to the omega equation of QG theory. The frontogenetical and vortex stretching parts of the generalized Q vector of PE theory become equal in the QG limit. ...
Biological consequences of segmental alterations in mRNA stability: effects of deletion of the intercistronic hairpin loop region of the Rhodobacter capsulatus puf operon.

Abstract It has been proposed that intercistronic stem and loop structures located in the puf operon of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus account for segmental differences in transcript stability and consequently, the differential expression of the B870 and reaction center (RC) proteins encoded by puf. We report here that deletion of these structures leads to a failure to detect as discrete fragments the B870-encoding 0.49 kb and 0.50 kb mRNA segments located upstream from the site of the hairpins. The absence of these stable transcript fragments is associated with altered stoichiometry of the B870 and RC pigment-protein complexes in the bacterial intracytoplasmic membrane and a decreased rate of cell growth under photosynthetic conditions. These results support the view that the hairpin loop structures of the puf intercistronic region function in vivo to impede exoribonucleolytic degradation of upstream mRNA and establish that segmental variations in mRNA stability have a biologically important role in regulating the expression of puf operon genes.
Predicting shear and internal bond properties of flakeboard

Relations defining interlaminar shear and rail shear in terms of specific gravity and flake alinement of flakeboard have been developed for several flake types. Equations relating internal bond to specific gravity are also given. Prediction of rail shear values using the above equations was relatively accurate. Considerable variation existed in predictions of interlaminar shear and internal bond properties.
Isochromosome 17q in a Patient with Ph1-Negative Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Marked leukocytosis and pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly were observed in an apparently healthy 78-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital after sustaining injuries resulting from a fall. After isochromosome 17q was demonstrated, a diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome–negative chronic myelocytic leukemia that was developing into the blast phase was made.
Hypercoagulation and Thrombosis

As knowledge of blood coagulation has advanced we have begun to examine not only the clinical entities associated with hemorrhage but also a group in which thrombosis represents the major problem. Thrombotic disorders believed to be associated with coagulation are recognized clinically but seldom investigated in the laboratory. The present approach to the problem is based on theoretical and experimental knowledge and a rapidly developing body of clinical information related to the role of platelets and antithrombin III in the initiation and control of thrombosis.
Research on Rhizosphere Soil Nematode on Vegetable in Greenhouses of Helanshan Farm in Ningxia

By nematode isolation and morphological identification on rhizosphere soil of three kinds vegetables in greenhouse(cucumber,pepper,eggplant) of Helanshan farm in ningxia.The results showed that the nematodes in rhizosphere soil had three objectives,three sub-orders,10 families,13 subfamilies,21 genera.In the northwest area,as a large area cultivation in greenhouse vegetable,the nematode reproduction in rhizosphere soil provides a good living environment,especially the increase in greenhouse cropping index makes the foundation of the type and number of nematodes
The Gulf of Mexico ecosystem, six years after the Macondo oil well blowout

Abstract The Gulf of Mexico ecosystem is a hotspot for biological diversity and supports a number of industries, from tourism to fishery production to oil and gas exploration, that serve as the economic backbone of Gulf coast states. The Gulf is a natural hydrocarbon basin, rich with stores of oil and gas that lie in reservoirs deep beneath the seafloor. The natural seepage of hydrocarbons across the Gulf system is extensive and, thus, the system׳s biological components experience ephemeral, if not, frequent, hydrocarbon exposure. In contrast to natural seepage, which is diffuse and variable over space and time, the 2010 Macondo oil well blowout, represented an intense, focused hydrocarbon infusion to the Gulf׳s deepwaters. The Macondo blowout drove rapid shifts in microbial populations and activity, revealed unexpected phenomena, such as deepwater hydrocarbon plumes and marine “oil snow” sedimentation, and impacted the Gulf׳s pelagic and benthic ecosystems. Understanding the distribution and fate of Macondo oil was limited to some degree by an insufficient ability to predict the physical movement of water in the Gulf. In other words, the available physical oceanographic models lacked critical components. In the past six years, much has been learned about the physical oceanography of the Gulf, providing transformative knowledge that will improve the ability to predict the movement of water and the hydrocarbons they carry in future blowout scenarios. Similarly, much has been learned about the processing and fate of Macondo hydrocarbons. Here, we provide an overview of the distribution, fate and impacts of Macondo hydrocarbons and offer suggestions for future research to push the field of oil spill response research forward.
Management of incontinent SCI patients with penile stimulation: preliminary results

We investigated dorsal penile stimulation for control of incontinence in nine spinal cord impaired (SCI) patients, using a battery-powered home-use stimulator connected to surface electrodes (Unipatch). The efficacy of the penile stimulation was assessed by urodynamic evaluation (NL-2, LifeTech) and surface electrodes (Unipatch); baseline and repeat cystometries (CMG) with and without stimulation were done. Stimulation for home use was begun at threshold parameters for inducing perineal contractions and, after two weeks, was adjusted based upon results. Two subjects successfully completed the study and became continent. One of these patient's CMG demonstrated hyperreflexia and his volume increased from 110 ml to 150 ml after the stimulation protocol. The most effective stimulating parameters were 5 pps, 250 microsec, pulse width and 40 ma current. The other patient also had a hyperreflexic bladder and improved on the protocol. The remaining seven patients did not complete the study for several reasons. Three patients had CMG's that demonstrated areflexia. Stimulation did not alter their bladder function and they dropped out of the program. Three other subjects withdrew because of bothersome sensations even at subthreshold levels and they complained that the technique was cumbersome. Finally, one patient with significant hyperreflexia and incontinence withdrew after trying unsuccessfully and diligently for 10 days. Our encouraging results in two patients with hyperreflexic bladders and decreased sensation suggest that this modality may be effective in this patient group.
What Is and Can Be Attributed to the Therapeutic Relationship

This paper reviews findings from two studies that support the contentions of the Generic Model of Psychotherapy that therapeutic outcome must be viewed as arising from a complex interaction of common and specific factors. Patient, therapy, and relationship factors are shown to selectively add to the variance predicted in psychotherapy outcome studies. Moreover, an inspection of procedures that are common to two different therapies, and those that are unique to these approaches reveal that both contribute to outcome and do so in ways that suggest the presence of both synergistic and inhibiting effects.
Identification of GAPDH on the surface of Plasmodium sporozoites as a new candidate for targeting malaria liver invasion

Malaria transmission begins when an infected mosquito delivers Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin. The sporozoite subsequently enters the circulation and infects the liver by preferentially traversing Kupffer cells, a macrophage-like component of the liver sinusoidal lining. By screening a phage display library, we previously identified a peptide designated P39 that binds to CD68 on the surface of Kupffer cells and blocks sporozoite traversal. In this study, we show that the P39 peptide is a structural mimic of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) on the sporozoite surface and that GAPDH directly interacts with CD68 on the Kupffer cell surface. Importantly, an anti-P39 antibody significantly inhibits sporozoite liver invasion without cross-reacting with mammalian GAPDH. Therefore, Plasmodium-specific GAPDH epitopes may provide novel antigens for the development of a prehepatic vaccine.
Herpes Simplex Virus and Surgical Epilepsy

The presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was determined by polymerase chain reaction in surgical specimens from 50 patients (13 to 58 years of age) with epilepsy obtained from multiple centers, including the National Neurological Research Specimen Bank, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Using Rasch analysis to examine the item-level psychometrics of the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scales

The Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scales (IT-MAIS; Zimmerman-Phillips et al. 2001) is a popular assessment designed to measure listening skills in children with hearing loss aged 0-3 years. For this study we analyzed the item-level psychometric properties of the IT-MAIS via Rasch analysis to gain further understanding about its validity and reliability. We chose to analyze the psychometric properties of the IT-MAIS because very little information exists regarding its development and validation, although it is widely used to assess listening skills in children with SNHL ages 0 to 3 years pre- and post-CI. Our results indicated that the IT-MAIS items demonstrated less than ideal psychometric properties and the IT-MAIS item order did not reflect the order in which children are expected to develop functional listening skills. Our findings suggest that there is a pressing need for further discussion among researchers and clinicians about 1) how the IT-MAIS is used, and 2) what other valid and reliable outcome measures could be used alongside, or in place of, the IT-MAIS to determine CI candidacy, establish treatment goals, or track progress in listening development in very young children with hearing loss.
Some Examples of Adaptive Utility

We have seen that, in general, the concept of adaptive utility is useful when uncertainty exists and the individual is operating in a multiperiod framework. It is the investment in information that characterizes the adaptive utility function in the setting of sequential decision problems. The individual is trying to determine his or her preferences by gaining more information through consuming different commodities or different brands of the same commodity. In this fashion, the consumer will usually be able to determine his or her utility function with a high degree of precision Typically as more money or time or effort is invested, the uncertainty about the utility function will be decreased. Also, the greater the investment in the early periods, the sooner the form of the utility function can be determined. This exploratory activity is a form of investment that has a payoff in information (see also Kihlstrom 1974).
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Studies of Ion-Molecule Reactions

The use of tandem mass spectrometers as an experimental tool and the type of information derived from such studies are closely related to the crossed-beam studies of these reactions discussed by Herman and Wolfgang in Chapter 12, to the charge-exchange studies Lindholm discussed in Chapter 10, and to the ion cyclotron resonance technique described by Henis in Chapter 9. The relationship of these techniques is illustrated by Fig. 1, which shows a highly sophisticated, idealized apparatus suitable for studying all these problems. All four approaches have the characteristic that, with appropriate care, one can isolate a particular elementary reaction and study it without interference from the many complex, interacting parameters present in a system which does not involve some method of species selection.
The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780-1867

The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780–1867 traces the inland origins of slaves leaving West Central Africa at the peak period of the transatlantic slave trade. Drawing on archival sources from Angola, Brazil, England, and Portugal, Daniel B. Domingues da Silva explores not only the origins of the slaves forced into the trade but also the commodities for which they were exchanged and their methods of enslavement. Further, the book examines the evolution of the trade over time, its organization, the demographic profile of the population transported, the enslavers' motivations to participate in this activity, and the Africans' experience of enslavement and transportation across the Atlantic. Domingues da Silva also offers a detailed 'geography of enslavement', including information on the homelands of the enslaved Africans and their destination in the Americas.
Tuning the optoelectronic characteristics of ionic organic crystalline assemblies

The effect of selective metallation of free-base ionic porphyrin tectons on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of their crystalline self-assemblies is presented. Rod-like crystals were prepared under neutral pH conditions by combining meso-tetra(N-methyl-pyridyl)porphyrin, H2TMPyP, and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, H2TSPP, with either a nickel or a copper ion contained in one of the synthons. These materials were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction methods, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflectance UV-visible and luminescence spectroscopies, and conductivity and photoconductivity measurements. All the porphyrin assemblies formed monoclinic P21/c crystals with pseudo-hexagonal cross-sections. Thermogravimetric experiments indicate that water molecules associated with crystals desorb at two different rates. In addition, temperature dependent XRD showed that the dehydration of the porphyrin solids causes modification in the crystals which is completely reversible up to 100 °C annealing (i.e., crystals return to their original structural geometry upon rehydration). All the metallated porphyrin crystals exhibit dark conductivity at moderately high temperatures and become more conductive upon photoexcitation. The photoresponse of the H2TMPyP:CuTSPP-substituted crystals is significantly higher than that of the CuTMPyP:H2TSPP and the Ni-substituted crystals. The Cu-substituted systems, like the parent free-base, exhibit persistent photoconductivity resulting from excitations into the Q and Soret bands. The primary charge carriers in these solids upon photoexcitation are electrons and the charge recombination mechanism follows monomolecular kinetics. Quantum mechanical calculations provide the electronic band structure and the density of states and explain the experimental prompt photoconductivity measurements of the porphyrin self-assemblies. This work provides evidence that optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors can be effectively tuned by introducing transition metals into their crystal structures.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Fecal Incontinence in Home Hospice

Introduction:We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with fecal incontinence (FI) in the home hospice setting.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients...
Teaching and Learning for Intercultural Sensitivity: A Cross-Cultural Examination of American Domestic Students and Japanese Exchange Students.

Global student mobility has become a dynamic force in American higher education. Integrating international students into diverse campus environments provides domestic as well as foreign students with enriched learning opportunities. However, a diverse campus climate itself will not make college students interculturally competent. Intentional curricular design is critical for overcoming issues such as resistance and reinforcement of stereotypes, but the research literature is extremely limited on effective pedagogical strategies for cultivating college students' intercultural sensitivity. This paper explicates a research study to investigate college students' development of intercultural sensitivity through an intentional course design utilizing Kolb's (1984) learning styles cycle and Hammer's (2009) Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to explore domestic and international students' intercultural learning experiences and to potentially identify pedagogical approaches that facilitate students' intercultural competence. These findings show that the four pedagogical strategies associated with Kolb's learning cycle were effective and crucial when designing an intercultural course in order to develop college students' intercultural competence. This study also revealed a gap in intercultural development through the intentional intercultural course between American students and Japanese exchange students due to their vastly different intercultural experiences.
To the Assignments, the Teacher’s Responses

The students in this course were given a number of assignments specific to the content of the course (App. 3), to be addressed in group sessions of the students. The group experiences together with the teachers’ subsequent handouts on how the assignments perhaps should have been dealt with (App. 4) were instructive: contrary to a central element in the founding doctrine of the EBM movement, gaining mastery of the theory relevant to true understanding of practice-relevant clinical research evidently commonly is too challenging for busy practitioners to take the time to acquire
Lysimetric Evaluation of Pine Forest Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration (ET) of a young slash pine stand (Pinus el1iottii, Engelm.) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) on poorly-drained sandy soil were evaluated for north-central Florida conditions during 1981 and 1982. Evapotranspiration was measured with a weighing lysimeter and potential evaporation was calculated with the Penman method using data from an adjacent weather station. The lysimeter, transducer, data logger system detected weight differences of about 1 mm water, or 0.05% of about 14,000 kg total lysimeter weight.
Real-Time and Object-Oriented Issues for an Inspection Workstation Application

Abstract We describe a real-time component-basedsystem for an inspection application. We chose theinspection application and the accompanying task(or scenario) so that we might fully exercise andtest our theories about real-time complex systems,system architectures, design methodologies, andsoftware tools. We will describe the application,give a history and description of our systemarchitecture and design methodology, describe thereal-time software tools we used, and concludewith a discussion of real-time and object-orientedissues we faced. 1 The Inspection Application Our inspection workstation consists of acoordinate measuring machine (CMM), an analog3D contact probe, a charge-coupled device (CCD)camera with frame grabber, and control computers.The CMM is Cartesian in the sense that axismotion and axis position sensing are along thethree orthogonal axes. The contact probe andcamera are mounted on the CMM arm. Thesoftware controller sends velocity commands toeach of the three axis motors every 5 ms and itreads each of three axis positions every 2 ms. Theaxis velocity commands are converted to voltagesby a digital-to-analog converter. The voltagesdrive the motors. Figure 1 shows the CMM arm,the part to be measured, the camera mounted onthe arm, and the analog contact probe. Theapplication is more fully described in [Messina 99].The application performs the followingscenario. The operator specifies the features thatneed to be verified by measurement. An inspectionplan is generated automatically from thecomputer-aided design (CAD) solid model of thepart. The plan is translated into dimensionalmeasurement interface standard (DMIS
Production methods for polyolefin fibers

Abstract This chapter discusses various polymerization routes for major polyolefins, such as polyethylenes and polypropylene, with emphasis on various catalysts. Ziegler–Natta catalysts as well as newer metallocee catalysts are reviewed. Major industrial polymerization processes are also discussed. The chapter also describes the most important extrusion methods for polyolefins, which can create a variety of products from processes such as melt spinning, film casting, film blowing, injection molding, blow molding and rotational molding. Melt spinning of polyolefins is described in detail.
Whole blood androgen receptor (AR) variant (ARV12, ARV14) expression and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

5058Background: The detection of full length AR (AR-FL) or AR variants (AR-Vs) in blood and association with outcomes in mCRPC is unknown. We compared whole blood mRNA expression of AR-FL and AR-Vs...
Patient Selection and Technical Considerations

Hepatic resection plays a critical role in the multimodality management of various primary and secondary liver malignancies and in many cases represents the only potentially curative intervention. When considering a patient for hepatic resection, three key factors must be carefully assessed by the treating surgeon: (1) surgical fitness of the patient, (2) oncologic appropriateness, and (3) technical resectability. However, as our understanding of tumor biology evolves, as operative techniques improve, as locoregional and systemic therapies grow, and as selection of patients for resection expand, the interplay between these three key factors in considering a patient for hepatic resection will be difficult to navigate, and thus, one must continuously strive to improve and refine one’s understanding of this complex clinical scenario.
International Acquisition as an Effective Catalyst for Organizational Change

By examining post-acquisition organizational change in four Chinese machine tool firms, this paper contends that international acquisition serves as an effective catalyst to spark organizational ch...
Optical Interferometers with Reduced Sensitivity to Thermal Noise

A fundamental limit to the sensitivity of optical interferometry is thermal noise that drives fluctuations in the positions of the surfaces of the interferometer's mirrors, and thereby in the phase of the intracavity field. Schemes for reducing this thermally driven phase noise are presented that rely upon the coherent character of the underlying displacements and strains. Although the position of the physical surface fluctuates, the optical phase upon reflection can have reduced sensitivity to this motion. While practical implementation of such schemes for coherent compensation face certain challenges, we hope to stimulate further work on this important thermal noise problem.
Gut Immunology and Oral Vaccination

Oral immunization is sought as a practical way to reduce the devastating morbidity and mortality caused by enteric diseases in children under the age of five living in the developing world. Licensed oral vaccines against polio, rotavirus, cholera and typhoid fever have had a major impact reducing global disease burden and mortality. A quandary that remains to be solved is the diminished immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccines when given to subjects living in underdeveloped areas of the world as compared to people living in industrialized nations. Low socioeconomic status, poor living conditions, malnutrition and natural barriers that affect people living in less privileged countries are major determinants of vaccine performance. Novel protective antigens, adjuvants and immunization approaches to overcome these barriers are being explored. Understanding the processes involved in the induction of mucosal and systemic immunity by orally delivered antigens, the influence of multiple competing elements and the delicate balance between immune activation and tolerance in the gut is essential to assist the development and evaluation of vaccine candidates. Modern technology (e.g. genomics, proteomics, high throughput immunological assays using non-invasive specimens and mathematical modeling to dissect correlates of protection) will be essential to this task. Ultimately, well conducted clinical trials in high and low income countries will be needed to determine safety and effectiveness of vaccine candidates that appear to be promising in animal models. This chapter reviews the basis for immunological priming by orally delivered antigens in the gastrointestinal tract and the ensuing effector responses in humans. It also provides a summary of oral vaccines available, factors that affect efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries as well as the ongoing efforts to develop more effective vaccine candidates.
Diffraction Lithography for 3-D Microneedle Fabrication

This paper presents a diffraction ultra-violet (UV) lithography method for fabricating various micro-cone shape microneedle structures. A direct UV exposure to a liquid state photosensitive resin through a photomask generates a unique diffraction pattern of the light, in which the exposed area of the photosensitive resin becomes the needle structures. The change of liquid to solid-state of the resin by crosslinking also works as a light waveguide to create a novel sharp tip on top of the cone. Secondary and tertiary harmonic cone shapes are formed with further UV energy exposure. The proposed method is unique and versatile as it enables the formation of various cone-shaped microstructures with a straight or curved sidewall, such as tip-integrated cone and multiple harmonic cones having different heights and base shapes. The relationship between the microneedle height formed at different exposure energy and the corresponding geometry was also discussed. Insertion test and force-displacement test were conducted to demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated microneedle, and the results showed that the tip of each tested microneedle can withstand up to 0.15 N before breakage occurs. The fabricated cone-shaped microneedle with a sharp tip has a great potential for transdermal drug delivery microneedle application.
Molecular-Scale Nanodiamond with High-Density Color Centers Fabricated from Graphite by Laser Shocking

Summary Nanodiamonds (NDs) with nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers have the potential for quantum information science and bioimaging due to their stable and non-classical photon emission at room temperature. Large-scale fabrication of molecular-size nanodiamonds with sufficient color centers may economically promote their application in versatile multidisciplinary fields. Here, the manufacture of molecular-size NV center-enriched nanodiamonds from graphite powder is reported. We use an ultrafast laser shocking technique to generate intense plasma, which transforms graphite to nanodiamonds under the confinement layer. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the high pressure of 35 GPa and the high temperature of 3,000K result in the metaphase transition of graphite to nanodiamonds within 100 ps. A high concentration of NV centers is observed at the optimal laser energy of 3.82 GW/cm2, at which point molecular-size (∼5 nm) nanodiamonds can individually host as many as 100 NV centers. Consecutive melamine annealing following ultrafast laser shocking enriches the number of NV centers >10-fold and enhances the spontaneous decay rate of the NV center by up to 5 times. Our work may enhance the feasibility of nanodiamonds for applications, including quantum information, electromagnetic sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery.
Relationship between male age, semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.

Background Low semen quality often obligates the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART); however, the association between semen quality and ART outcomes is uncertain. Objectives To further assess the impact of semen quality on ART outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out at a single academic reproductive medicine center (January 2012-December 2018). Patients undergoing at least one ART cycle utilizing freshly ejaculated sperm from the male partner were included. We assessed the association between semen quality (as stratified based on WHO 5th edition criteria), paternal age ( Results 2063 couples were identified who underwent 4517 ART cycles. Average ages of the male and female partners were 39.8 and 37.7, respectively. Lower pregnancy rates were observed in cycles with lower sperm motility (i.e. 40, no association between aneuploidy and male age was identified. Discussion Sperm motility is associated with pregnancy rates, while other semen parameters are not. In cycles in women Conclusion Paternal factors are associated with ART outcomes and future studies should explore mechanisms by which semen quality is associated with ART outcomes.
Mediating Food Sovereign Voices in Documentary Media

The aims of food sovereignty need to be underscored to counteract the prevalence of food insecurity media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic. La Via Campesina’s inclusion of interacting with others in their definition of food sovereignty helps sustain food autonomy through shared food practices among populations deemed to be at risk. Key to sustaining autonomy is a revision of how food sovereign voices are mediated in documentary media. Documentary media often claim to amplify the voices of the powerless, a move that rings of the same type of paternalism that often marks food insecurity discourse. Drawing from currents in rhetorical studies, film studies, and studies in food communication, as well as my own documentary work, I argue that voice inheres in that which grates against a neoliberal understanding of food systems and the representational modes that operate within that sphere. Developing a documentary approach that navigates the modalities of mainstream food systems discourse while underscoring long-standing interactions of marginalized people around food is key to mediating food sovereign voices across cultures, generations, and palates.
Satisfying Program Level Outcomes by Integrating Primary Literature into the "Online" Classroom.

Because of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been a paradigm shift from traditional classroom instruction to remote online modalities. To provide the most current and relevant information on nuclear medicine technology to students without access to traditional resources on a college campus, it has become imperative that primary literature within the field be made readily accessible. Nuclear medicine technology students at Bronx Community College are being taught to use the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology as the basis for their required presentations, which span the curriculum. Guided by instructors who are armed with a rubric ultimately used as a formative assessment tool, the students are required to explore current articles from the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology and ultimately present their findings to their cohort. By design, this article-share project has successfully been implemented as a principal metric in satisfying the program accreditation requirements of the Joint Review Committee on Nuclear Medicine Technology while also being conducive to increasing oral presentation skills and cohort socialization.
Assessment in Spanish heritage language programs

Spanish heritage language learners (HLLs) are heterogeneous in nature. Thus, how can we assess these students? Most of the literature on this has been on placement exams (Polinsky & Kagan, 2017, among others), but the focus of this article is on assessment in Spanish heritage courses. Placement test results should be indicators of what should be included in the curriculum. One of the main challenges is the lack of the following components: specific proficiency indicators for HLLs, consensus in defining key concepts, understanding dialect variation, assessment for measuring linguistic skills, and finally research on HLLs’ assessment (Malone, Kreeft Peyton, & Kim, 2014). Thus, assessment is the biggest challenge in HL education due to the dominant monolingual ideologies, so formative assessment practices are recommended to confront them by allowing HLLs to negotiate their linguistic identities via multilingual perspectives (King, Liu, & Schwedhelm, 2018). What are specific tools or activities to negotiate these? Personal narratives of US Latinos were collected by Carreira and Beeman (2014) for the sake of reflections of HLLs as language brokers. Gonzalez-Davies (2004, 2018) also mentions the importance of peer-to-peer strategies for translation competence. These projects can also become group projects, like the manifestos implemented by Moreno and MacGregor-Mendoza (2019) in a course in which language, culture, and community are the goals. All these activities are examples of the kinds of assessment that may be effective in the heritage classroom and may guide their instructors. The goal of this article is to suggest activities to connect HLLs with their communities at the same time that their learning gains are assessed in terms of language proficiency.
Aristocratic education and the making of the American republic, by Mark Boonshoft: HISTORY OF EDUCATION

Education, Mark Boonshoft asserts, ‘never mattered more to Americans than at the nation’s founding’ (p. 1). Nevertheless, rather than creating common schools, Federalists preferred academies – stat...
Think Spiral: Essays on Adam Smith: Introduction

This document includes the Introduction and table of contents of a project: Think Spiral: Essays on Adam Smith. The Introduction has the following sections: (1) A Social Grammar (2) The Three Justices: Commutative, Distributive, and Estimative (3) The Liberal Program (4) The Theory of Moral Sentiments (5) Think Spiral (6) The Correspondence between the Two Goods (7) As Rivers Are Lost in the Sea (8) An Empty Bag Does Not Stand Upright