cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting for uncertainty in DNA sequencing data

Science is defined in part by an honest exposition of the uncertainties that arise in measurements and propagate through calculations and inferences, so that the reliabilities of its conclusions are made apparent. The recent rapid development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies has dramatically increased the number of measurements made at the biochemical and molecular level. These data come from many different DNA-sequencing technologies, each with their own platform-specific errors and biases, which vary widely. Several statistical studies have tried to measure error rates for basic determinations, but there are no general schemes to project these uncertainties so as to assess the surety of the conclusions drawn about genetic, epigenetic, and more general biological questions. We review here the state of uncertainty quantification in DNA sequencing applications, describe sources of error, and propose methods that can be used for accounting and propagating these errors and their uncertainties through subsequent calculations.
raw Functions through JNK signaling and cadherin-based adhesion to regulate Drosophila gonad morphogenesis.

To form a gonad, germ cells (GCs) and somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs) must migrate to the correct location in the developing embryo and establish the cell–cell interactions necessary to create proper gonad architecture. During gonad morphogenesis, SGPs send out cellular extensions to ensheath the individual GCs and promote their development. We have identified mutations in the raw gene that result in a failure of the SGPs to ensheath the GCs, leading to defects in GC development. Using genetic analysis and gene expression studies, we find that Raw negatively regulates JNK signaling during gonad morphogenesis, and increased JNK signaling is sufficient to cause ensheathment defects. In particular, Raw functions upstream of the Drosophila Jun-related transcription factor to regulate its subcellular localization. Since JNK signaling regulates cell adhesion during the morphogenesis of many tissues, we examined the relationship between raw and the genes encoding Drosophila E-cadherin and β-catenin, which function together in cell adhesion. We find that loss of DE-cadherin strongly enhances the raw mutant gonad phenotype, while increasing DE-cadherin function rescues this phenotype. Further, loss of raw results in mislocalization of β-catenin away from the cell surface. Therefore, cadherin-based cell adhesion, likely at the level of β-catenin, is a primary mechanism by which Raw regulates germline-soma interaction.
Human Genome Project: Twenty-five years of big biology

The Human Genome Project, which launched a quarter of a century ago this week, still holds lessons for the consortium-based science it ushered in, say Eric D. Green, James D. Watson and Francis S. Collins.
Coexpression of ERβ with ERα and Progestin Receptor Proteins in the Female Rat Forebrain: Effects of Estradiol Treatment

Estrogen and progestin receptors (ER, PgR) play a critical role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions in females. The neuroanatomical distribution of the recently cloned, ERβ, overlaps with both ERα and PgR. To determine whether ERβ is found within ERα- or PgR-containing neurons in female rat, we used dual label immunocytochemistry. ERβ-immunoreactivity (ERβ-ir) was primarily detected in the nuclei of cells in the periventricular preoptic area (PvPO), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpr), the paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, and the medial amygdala (MEApd). Coexpression of ERβ-ir with ERα-ir or PgR-ir was observed in the PvPO, BNSTpr, and MEApd in ovariectomized rats. E2 treatment decreased the number of ERβ-ir cells in the PvPO and BNSTpr and the number of ERα-ir cells in the MEApd and paraventricular nucleus, and therefore decreased the number of cells coexpressing ERβ-ir and ERα-ir in the PvPO, BNSTpr, and MEApd. E2 treatment increased the amount of PgR-ir in cells o...
A Formal Approach to Workflow Analysis

Agile manufacturing, fast-response micromarketing, and the rise of the virtual organization have led managers to focus on cross-functional business processes that link various divisions and organizations. These processes may be realized as one or more workflows, each of which is an instantiation of a process under certain conditions. Because an ability to adapt processes to workflow conditions is essential for organizational responsiveness, identifying and analyzing significant workflows is an important activity for managers, organization designers, and information systems specialists. A variety of software systems have been developed to aid in the structuring and implementation of workflow systems, but they are mostly visualization tools with few analytical capabilities. For example, they do not allow their users to easily determine which information elements are needed to compute other information elements, whether certain tasks depend on other tasks, and how resource availability affects information and tasks. Analyses of this type can be performed by inspection, but this gives rise to the possibility of error, especially in large systems. In this paper, we show how a mathematical construct called a metagraph can be used to represent workflows, so that such questions can be addressed through formal operations, leading to more effective design of organizational processes.
Application and Modification of an Auger Trap to Quantify Emigrating Fishes in Lake Ontario Tributaries

Abstract Assessments of natural reproduction, rates of survival, and patterns of migration by Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in Great Lakes tributaries require quantification of emigrating smolts. Auger smolt traps were modified and tested during annual downstream migrations of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead O. mykiss in three eastern Lake Ontario tributaries. The traps were scaled to fit small- to medium-sized streams (third or fourth order) that had fluctuating flows and high debris outputs. During periods of reduced discharge, up to 85% of the streamflow was sampled by one trap. The fraction of migrating smolts captured (efficiency) was determined with wild and hatchery-released fish. Site choice played a major role in determination of trapping efficiencies, which ranged from 1.3 to 17% for wild salmonids. The highest efficiencies were found for wild chinook salmon smolts (11–17%) in a tributary of the Salmon River, New York. No salmonids appea...
Utility of RT-PCR-based Dot-blot Hybridization for Detecting and Genotyping Echoviruses

We attempted to detect and identify virus types quickly by improving an RT-PCR-based dot-blot hybridization test for echoviruses, important human pathogens mainly causing aseptic meningitis. This test was applied to reference viruses of seven echovirus serotypes prevalent in Korea (E6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 25, and 30) and seventy isolates of echovirus isolated in Korea between 2002 and 2004. The primers for target DNA and hybridization probes (25mer, 50mer, and 70mer) were designed within the VP1 region of the echovirus. In RT-PCR, a nonradioactive digoxigenin-DNA labeling mix was added instead of dNTP to initiate PCR. The PCR product was then hybridized against 25mer, 50mer, and 70mer probe DNA spotted on nylon membranes and the reaction was observed. To investigate the optimal conditions for hybridization, various concentrations of target DNA (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/㎕), size of probe DNA (25mer, 50mer, and 70mer), concentrations of probe DNA (10~50 pM), and reaction time were included. In the test zone, the optimal condition in terms of time and cost was a reaction time of 1 h with 10 ng/㎕ target DNA concentration and 10 pM of a 50mer probe. We found 100% diagnosis of the serotypes for seven reference echoviruses and 90% (63/70) sensitivity for clinical isolates. Also, tests with this probe for reactivity with seven reference echoviruses by using DNA chips showed that diagnostic identification was possible without other serotype cross-reactivity. Therefore, efficiency analysis of probe and target DNA on clinical specimens by using dot-blot analysis indicated that this system can be applied to the prestages of the DNA chip and that the dot blot analysis itself can be used in applications to develop a tool for diagnosing specific viral serotypes.
The complexity and construction of many faces in arrangements of lines and of segments

We show that the total number of edges ofm faces of an arrangement ofn lines in the plane isO(m2/3??n2/3+2?+n) for any?>0. The proof takes an algorithmic approach, that is, we describe an algorithm for the calculation of thesem faces and derive the upper bound from the analysis of the algorithm. The algorithm uses randomization and its expected time complexity isO(m2/3??n2/3+2? logn+n logn logm). If instead of lines we have an arrangement ofn line segments, then the maximum number of edges ofm faces isO(m2/3??n2/3+2?+n? (n) logm) for any?>0, where?(n) is the functional inverse of Ackermann's function. We give a (randomized) algorithm that produces these faces and takes expected timeO(m2/3??n2/3+2? log+n?(n) log2n logm).
Prevention, Care, and Treatment of Pressure (Decubitus) Ulcers in Intensive Care Unit Patients:

Pressure (decubitus) ulcers occur in approximately 4% of hospitalized patients. Patients in intensive care units are particularly at risk because they are relatively im mobile. Prolonged pressure, shearing forces, friction, and moisture are all etiological factors. Pressure ulcers may be complicated by infection and, rarely, carcinoma. Prevention depends on excellent nursing care that con centrates on meticulous skin care and relief of pressure. Once a pressure ulcer occurs, alleviation of local pres sure, maintenance of a clean ulcer base, promotion of new skin growth, and attention to nutritional and other medical conditions that might debilitate the patient fur ther are all necessary for healing.
Living on the Edge: The Impact of Terrorism upon Philippine Villagers

Based upon field observations, interviews, and document analysis, this research examines social and psychological consequences of terrorism on coastal communities in the northwestern region of Mindanao. Attention is given to the manner Filipinos have reacted to the continuing presence of terroristic violence (i.e., ambush, murder, kidnaping, and property destruction). Particular focus is placed on thef luctuating features of culture, personality, interaction, and situation as indicators of how citizens have coped with a hostile environment. At a more societal level, the influence of terrorism on the basic social institutions is scrutinized. A typology of adaptations to terrorism is offered, reflecting a variety of role stresses resulting from living in a hostile region.
Lucifer Yellow filling of area X-projecting neurons in the high vocal center of female canaries

Abstract The avian high vocal center (HVC) is a complex forebrain nucleus that coordinates the sensorimotor integration necessary for song learning and production. It receives auditory and potentially somatosensory input, and sends major projections to vocal motor and anterior forebrain nuclei. The HVC has at least four morphological classes of neurons for which the connectivity remains uncertain. Previous studies have alluded to the functional identity of the cell classes, but none have provided the definitive evidence necessary for subsequent identification of behaviorally relevant changes within known neuronal populations. The cell filling technique we have adapted for use in the song system provides a method by which hodologically identified classes can be described with precision, and song related changes in their morphology can be readily identified. Neurons in female canaries (Serinus canarius) that project to Area X of the anterior forebrain pathway were retrogradely labeled, selectively filled with Lucifer Yellow in a fixed slice preparation, and converted to a Golgi-like stain through an immunocytochemical reaction. We have identified Area X-projecting neurons as belonging to the thick dendrite class of Nixdorf et al. [B.E. Nixdorf, S.S. Davis, T.J. DeVoogd, Morphology of golgi-impregnated neurons in hyperstriatum ventralis, pars caudalis in adult male and female canaries, J. Comp. Neurol. 284 (1989) 337–349] and have shown definitively that they are among the HVC neurons that can receive direct auditory input, as this cell class has short dendrites that extend into the shelf region ventral to HVC that is known to receive auditory inputs. Well-filled axons had collaterals that ramified and terminated within the nucleus, demonstrating a network through which Area X-projecting cells can contribute to intrinsic HVC communication.
Structure and Dynamics of Blends of Diblock Copolymers

The melt state rheological behavior of a series of blends of a lamellae‐forming nearly symmetrical polystyrene‐polyisoprene (PS‐PI) diblock copolymer with a sphere‐forming highly asymmetrical PS‐PI diblock copolymer is correlated to their structure obtained from small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). The exponential composition dependence of the relaxation of fluctuations associated with the disordered asymmetrical diblock is similar to that observed in solutions of star polymers. Further, the zero‐shear viscosity of the blends in the disordered state exhibits unusually strong composition dependence. These dynamic properties are closely linked with the SANS‐based structural data that suggest strong compositional fluctuations, even in the disordered state.
Analog frequency response measurement in mixed-signal systems

We present an efficient approach for on-chip frequency response measurement, including phase and gain, of analog circuitry in mixed-signal systems. The approach uses direct digital synthesizer (DDS) to supply test sine waves with different frequencies and phases. The output response is analyzed using a multiplier and accumulator. The resultant phase delay measurement is used to correct other measurements such as gain and linearity for more accurate testing and characterization of the analog circuit under test. The approach was implemented in Verilog, synthesized in a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and used for frequency response measurements of an actual device under test.
A logic network synthesis system, SYLON

A description is given of a logic network synthesis system, SYLON, that is being developed by improving and combining the authors' previous synthesizers, the transduction method, and the algorithm DIMN. Instead of starting with AND and OR gates as in other synthesizers, SYLON uses basic logic gates in integrated circuitry (such as NOR, NAND, and negative gates) from the very beginning of the design process. SYLON-XTRANS, a modification of the transduction method, can generate simpler networks than other synthesizers and also networks for a 4-b ALU with quality comparable to manual design. SYLON-DREAM, a modification of DIMN with reduction procedures, can directly generate compact MOS networks with gates of specified complexities. SYLON-REDUCE can simplify any given MOS network while keeping the specified complexity of each gate. >
A PCM Experiment for the Senior Electronic Laboratory

An experiment on pulse-code modulation designed for the senior-year electronics student is described. PCM is pedagogically desirable for its embodiment of a wide variety of pulse and digital techniques. The experiment draws upon the component-type experiences typical of undergraduate courses and integrates them into a complex system study. Emphasis is on functional interaction rather than on how a particular circuit accomplishes its function. Sixteen level quantization is used with provision for injection of noise and variation of system parameters.
The prohibition on shocking apparent asystole: a history and critique of the argument

Abstract A recommendation against shocking asystole has been part of the American Heart Association's Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Guidelines since 1992. The principal rationale offered then for the prohibition on shocking apparent asystole (PSAA) has since been refuted and has gradually been dropped, but the recommendation itself remains in the 2005 Guidelines. The PSAA now rests mainly on the lack of solid evidence of a survival benefit—a curious criterion given the lack of such evidence for most ECC treatment recommendations. “Occult” ventricular fibrillation and problems with distinguishing between fine ventricular fibrillation and asystole may lead to delays and omissions of potentially lifesaving shocks. No studies on the subject have been conducted since the PSAA first appeared. Removal of the PSAA from the ECC Guidelines is warranted to reopen research on this topic and support the goal of early defibrillation.
Derivation of a revised model for activity calculation in multisilicate melts

Hollitt's model for prediction of thermodynamic properties in multicomponent silicate melts has been revised to better reflect network modifier depolymerization effectiveness as a function of basicity and melt composition. This model is based on the free energy changes in a melt caused by the breaking of silicate polyions by the addition of basic oxides; these free energy changes are in turn related to the change in the concentration of various oxyanion molarities caused by such additions. Application of the revised model to actual systems shows good agreement with experimental data; possible model improvements are discussed.
Anonymity vs. Information Leakage in Anonymity Systems

Measures for anonymity in systems must be on one hand simple and concise, and on the other hand reflect the realities of real systems. Such systems are heterogeneous, as are the ways they are used, the deployed anonymity measures, and finally the possible attack methods. Implementation quality and topologies of the anonymity measures must be considered as well. We therefore propose a new measure for the anonymity degree, which takes into account possible heterogeneity. We model the effectiveness of single mixes or of mix networks in terms of information leakage and measure it in terms of covert channel capacity. The relationship between the anonymity degree and information leakage is described, and an example is shown
Abstract P1-09-23: Symptoms, desire for help, and quality of life among recent breast cancer survivors

Introduction: Advances in detection and treatment have led to improved survival among breast cancer (BC) patients and 89% can expect >5 year survival. Progress comes at a cost, however, and patients experience lasting effects from disease and treatment. It is not clear how these effects impact quality of life (QoL) achieved by BC survivors. We examined relationships between symptoms, desire for help, and QoL among recent BC survivors. Method: Eligibility included non-metastatic BC treated 1. Results: 171 primarily white (73%), middle aged (M=54.9 yrs), and Stage I (58%) BC survivors were recruited. Both Physical (M=48.1) and Mental (M=53.8) QoL were similar to national norms. Survivors reported an average of 12 symptoms, most commonly Fatigue (90%), Insomnia (75%), Hot Flashes (73%), and Joint Pain (70%). Most bothersome symptoms included Joint Pain (M=2.9), Decreased Sexual Drive (M=2.8), Hot Flashes (M=2.8), and Vaginal Dryness (M=2.7). Participants desired help with few symptoms (M=2.3), primarily Weight Gain (50%), Joint Pain (45%), and Numbness in Hands/Feet (44%). Both Physical and Mental QoL were negatively associated with number of symptoms experienced (r = -.46 and -.41, respectively) and number of symptoms for which help was desired (r = -.16 and -.41, respectively). Conclusion: Symptoms are common among recent breast cancer survivors and negatively impact Physical and Mental QoL. Desire for help is less common, though similarly associated with impairment in QoL. Assessing QoL in isolation from symptom burden may miss important areas for which remediation is possible and could result in improved QoL. Patient education regarding the potential for and value of symptom reduction may be needed in BC survivors. Citation Format: Steven C Palmer, SarahLena L Panzer, Karen Glanz, Marilyn M Schapira, Angela M DeMichele, Linda A Jacobs. Symptoms, desire for help, and quality of life among recent breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-23.
Use of Nesiritide in the Management Algorithm of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is an emerging component of heart failure that is incompletely understood, lacks clear pathophysiologic mechanisms, is associated with worrisome outcomes, and is confounded by only minimally effective treatment options. Currently, treatment is targeted toward abnormal hemodynamics and includes diuretics, vasodilators, and inotropes. Nesiritide (B-type natriuretic peptide), represents a novel therapeutic option for ADHF that lowers elevated filling pressures and improves dyspnea. However, the risk/benefit ratio represents an unresolved issue, as important questions persist regarding drug-related morbidity and mortality. More research is needed to address safety, identify the ideal clinical scenario, and to resolve the absence or presence of drug associated risks.
Stress during Adolescence Alters Palatable Food Consumption in a Context-Dependent Manner.

Food consumption and preferences may be shaped by exposure to stressful environments during sensitive periods in development, and even small changes in consumption can have important effects on long term health. Adolescence is increasingly recognized as a sensitive period, in which adverse experiences can alter development, but the specific programming effects that may occur during adolescence remain incompletely understood. The current study seeks to explore the effects of stress during late adolescence on consumption of a palatable, high-fat, high-sugar food in adulthood—under basal conditions, as well following acute stress. Male Long-Evans rats were exposed to a regimen of variable stress for seven days in late adolescence (PND 45–51). During the stress regimen, stressed animals gained significantly less weight than control animals, but weight in adulthood was unaffected by adolescent stress. Palatable food consumption differed between experimental groups, and the direction of effect depended on context; stressed rats ate significantly more palatable food than controls upon first exposure, but ate less following an acute stressor. Leptin levels and exploratory behaviors did not differ between stressed and non-stressed groups, suggesting that other factors regulate preference for a palatable food. Altered food consumption following adolescent stress suggests that rats remain sensitive to stress during late adolescence, and that adult feeding behavior may be affected by previous adverse experiences. Such programming effects highlight adolescence as a period of plasticity, with the potential to shape long term food consumption patterns and preferences.
Intrinsic Factors of Non-adherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings Among Latinas

Although adhering to regular screenings can improve timely diagnosis and survivorship, Latinas continue to exhibit the lowest breast and cervical cancer screening rates in the country. Initiatives have generally addressed extrinsic factors to combat disparities. However, the answer to increasing screening adherence among Latina women might lie in equally addressing intrinsic factors as well extrinsic factors. Social Cognitive Theory provided the foundation for the design of Esperanza y Vida, a culturally tailored outreach program that educated Latinas on breast and cervical cancer. Non-adherent participants were offered navigation and followed-up to reassess screening behavior. The objective of this manuscript is to outline the salient culture-related intrinsic factors reported by a sample of Latina women from New York and Arkansas in response to open-ended questions asked at 8 months post-educational intervention and navigation services. In turn, the findings are incorporated in an effort to recommend future steps for effective interventions. Content analysis was used to guide the qualitative data analysis. The most salient barriers reported were related to Systems, Organization and Logistics, Time, being Decidedly Unscreened, and Contrary Beliefs or Confusion.
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Time course of mobilization/activation in liver of refed rats

Fasted (48 h) rats were killed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h after they were refed on a high-carbohydrate diet. An increase in the maximal activity and quantity of cystolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase was found in liver of refed rats after a lag time of about 8 h. The increased quantity of cytosolic enzyme was attributable primarily to mobilization of mitochondrial storage forms and not to substantial increase in the rate of synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Vasectomy as a vehicle for prevention of family disorders.

Because of changing values on population growth the nature of the family and male-female relationships there is a growing desire among couples for permanent birth control through sterilizaton. Vasectomy is the simplest and safest operation to achieve this end but is often resisted by the male which may indicate significant marital discord caused by a supermasculine identity. Attitudes of such a male include feelings that the wife should have the operation because it is her problem that he is afraid his wife could die leaving him incapable of having other children or that the operation will make him less of a man. These attitudes can be a source of major marital conflict with todays increasingly liberated woman and if the psychiatrist can recognize these attitudes and provide proper therapy not only will the male accept vasectomy but the marriage itself will be significantly improved.
Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality: The Advent of Experimental Political Science

The Increase in Experimentation in Political Science In some sense every empirical researcher is reporting the results of an experiment. Every researcher who behaves as if an exogenous variable varies independently of an error term effectively views their data as coming from an experiment. In some cases this belief is a matter of a priori judgement; in some cases it is based on auxiliary evidence and inference; and in some cases it is built into the design of the data collection process. (Harrison and List, 2004, p. 1009) Increasingly, political scientists are thinking about their empirical research as in the quotation from Harrison and List, using the terms experiment or experimental to describe their approach or the reasoning behind their choices. In the coming chapters we explore in depth what researchers often mean when they use these terms (which varies depending on the researcher's perspective) and our own definitions of these terms. But before undertaking that task, which is more complicated than some readers might expect, it is noteworthy that the increasing use of these terms to describe a study, although somewhat ambiguous in meaning, suggests that a significant change in perspective in the discipline of political science is occurring. Until the past decade, experimentation seemed to have a low standing within the discipline. For example, McDermott (2002) surveyed a set of political science, psychology, and economics journals and found only 105 experimental articles by political scientists she labels as “established” from 1926 to 2000, with only 57 of these in political science journals.
BNP: Pathophysiological and potential therapeutic roles in acute congestive heart failure

Controversy persists regarding the acute responsiveness of atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides in pathophysiological conditions such as acute heart failure (AHF). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that AHF is characterized by selective activation of ANP, but not BNP. We also hypothesized that BNP replacement in AHF would reduce cardiac filling pressures, increase sodium excretion, and inhibit circulating renin. Two groups of anesthetized dogs underwent rapid left ventricular pacing to induce AHF. Group 1 (n = 7) served as control and group 2 (n = 7) received canine BNP (10 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Cardiorenal parameters, circulating natriuretic peptides, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined at baseline and during AHF in both groups. AHF was characterized by reductions in cardiac output (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.3 l/min, P < 0.05), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; 11.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg, P < 0.05), and selective activation of ANP (250 +/- 51 vs. 39 +/- 13 pg/ml, P < 0.05), with no increase in circulating BNP (49 +/- 15 vs. 60 +/- 16 pg/ml, P = not significant). Compared with control, exogenous supplemental BNP in AHF resulted in marked increases in circulating cGMP (65 +/- 6 vs. 18 +/- 5 pg/ml, P < 0.05), with reductions in PCWP (9.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 12.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased urinary sodium excretion (120 +/- 36.8 vs. 24 +/- 6.3 microeq/min, P < 0.05) via reductions in distal tubular sodium reabsorption (94.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 98.0 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.05). Exogenous BNP prevented the increase in PRA that occurred in the control group. We conclude that AHF is characterized by a failure to increase circulating BNP underscoring differential physiological and pathophysiological roles for ANP and BNP in states of immediate cardiac overload. These studies also support a potential role for BNP in the therapeutics of AHF.
Patient-Centered Outcomes Following Thoracentesis.

Background:Pleural effusions impact over 1.5 million people annually in the United States and cause significant morbidity. Although therapeutic thoracentesis is associated with improvement in respi...
International documents for the 80’s: Their role and use/proceedings of the world symposium on international documentation, Brussels—1980

(1984). International documents for the 80’s: Their role and use/proceedings of the world symposium on international documentation, Brussels—1980. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 150-151.
How Many Benefit Corporations are There

This paper reports on the number of benefit corporations that exist in the U.S. as of April 2015. Data are based on the Secretary of State offices for the states and district (DC) where benefit corporation legislation has been passed.
Rapid Solidification and Amorphous Alloys

As discussed in some detail in Sect. 2.3, an increase in the rate of heat extraction (cooling rate) results in gradual departure from equilibrium up to global and interface nonequilibrium. As the rate of heat extraction increases, the microstructure length scale of solidified alloys decreases. Eventually, solidification without crystallization may occur.
CD34+ Viability Is a Critical Determinant of the Engraftment Potential of Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) in Double Unit Transplantation.

Compared to single unit historical controls double unit UCB transplantation (UCBT) has been associated with improved engraftment and survival in adult recipients, despite sustained donor engraftment of only one of the units. However, the mechanism of this advantage and unit predominance is not understood. Our hypothesis was that superior CD34+ and CD3+ viability (measured by 7-AAD staining) would be associated with unit predominance. Therefore, we evaluated 26 double unit UCBT recipients [median age 36 yrs (9–64); median weight 73 kg (40–111)] with high-risk hematologic malignancies who received myeloablative (n=15) or non-myeloablative (n=11) conditioning according to age and diagnosis. Units were 6/6 (n=2), 5/6 (n=25) and 4/6 (n=25) HLA-A, B antigen, DRB1 allele matched to the patient and ≥3/6 to each other. Flow cytometric evaluation was performed within 2 hours of thaw using CD45-FITC/CD34-PE/7-AAD/CD3-APC (dual-platform, modified ISHAGE protocol). 25/26 patients (96%) demonstrated donor engraftment by STR evaluation of day+21 bone marrow with one unit predominating (the “winner”). The % post-thaw CD34+ and CD3+ viability for the 26 double unit pairs is shown. Patients could be divided into 3 groups: 1) 10 in whom one of the 2 units had CD34+ viability ≥75% (always the winner) and the other
Biomechanic Factors Associated With Orbital Floor Fractures.

ImportanceOrbital floor fractures are commonly seen in clinical practice, yet the etiology underlying the mechanism of fracture is not well understood. Current research focuses on the buckling theo...
Science’s reproducibility and replicability crisis: International business is not immune

International business is not immune to science’s reproducibility and replicability crisis. We argue that this crisis is not entirely surprising given the methodological practices that enhance systematic capitalization on chance. This occurs when researchers search for a maximally predictive statistical model based on a particular dataset and engage in several trial-and-error steps that are rarely disclosed in published articles. We describe systematic capitalization on chance, distinguish it from unsystematic capitalization on chance, address five common practices that capitalize on chance, and offer actionable strategies to minimize the capitalization on chance and improve the reproducibility and replicability of future IB research.
l -Groups C ( X ) in continuous logic

In the context of continuous logic, this paper axiomatizes both the class $$\mathcal {C}$$ of lattice-ordered groups isomorphic to C(X) for X compact and the subclass $$\mathcal {C}^+$$ of structures existentially closed in $$\mathcal {C}$$ ; shows that the theory of $$\mathcal {C}^+$$ is $$\aleph _0$$ -categorical and admits elimination of quantifiers; establishes a Nullstellensatz for $$\mathcal {C}$$ and $$\mathcal {C}^+$$ ; shows that $$C(X)\in \mathcal {C}$$ has a prime-model extension in $$\mathcal {C}^+$$ just in case X is Boolean; and proves that in a sense relevant to continuous logic, positive formulas admit in $$\mathcal {C}^+$$ elimination of quantifiers to positive formulas.
Rhetorical Analysis of Fast-Growth Businesses’ Job Advertisements: Implications for Job Search:

This article presents findings from a rhetorical analysis of job advertisements posted by the fastest growing companies in the United States (Inc. 5000 rankings). The analysis suggests that compani...
Towards a More Realistic Battery Model: Variational Multiscale Modeling of Li-Ion Batteries

Modeling and simulation of Li-ion batteries have been carried out across different disciplines to investigate various aspects from electrochemical performance to design optimization simulation. The missing part in the simulation of battery systems is to incorporate ongoing microscale phenomena into numerical problems governing macroscale behaviors, which is necessary to be accounted for the goal of having a more realistic battery model. As one of the first attempts, this study employs variational multiscale method (VMM) for the analysis of Li-ion batteries. The main advantage of VMM lies in its computational efficiency compared with the conventional methods while decomposing the total response of the system linearly into macro- and microscale components without assuming scale separation. VMM evaluates the microscale response semi-analytically through variational projection. With the determined microscale response, through VMM modeling, our model resolves to consider the structural heterogeneity to capture a total response of a battery.
Cultural Constraints on High-Speed Rail in the US: Is American Exceptionalism an Explanation?

The development of high speed rail infrastructures in the US faces a great challenge given the concern of economic viability and political complexity. However, a deeper investigation reveals that most of these concerns and complexity issues can be explained from a cultural perspective, which elucidates essential characteristics that affect daily behavior, lifestyle and public attitudes. This paper discusses debate on the US high speed rail policy in the context of American exceptionalism. Through an exploration of the four traits of American exceptionalism, I argue that the reasons for the stagnation of high speed rail initiatives in the US can be attributed to four unique cultural constraints: individualism, anti-statism, populism and egalitarianism. In the end of the discussion, recommendations are proposed for developing strategies to cater to these special culture needs.
A Hitchhiker's Guide to Reinventing a Prolog Machine.

We take a fresh, "clean-room" look at implementing Prolog by deriving its translation to an executable representation and its execution algorithm from a simple Horn Clause meta-interpreter. The resulting design has some interesting properties. The heap representation of terms and the abstract machine instruction encodings are the same. No dedicated code area is used as the code is placed directly on the heap. Unification and indexing operations are orthogonal. Filtering of matching clauses happens without building new structures on the heap. Variables in function and predicate symbol positions are handled with no performance penalty. A simple English-like syntax is used as an intermediate representation for clauses and goals and the same simple syntax can be used by programmers directly as an alternative to classic Prolog syntax. Solutions of (multiple) logic engines are exposed as answer streams that can be combined through typical functional programming patterns, with flexibility to stop, resume, encapsulate and interleave executions. Performance of a basic interpreter implementing our design is within a factor of 2 of a highly optimized compiled WAM-based system using the same host language. To help placing our design on the fairly rich map of Prolog systems, we discuss similarities to existing Prolog abstract machines, with emphasis on separating necessary commonalities from arbitrary implementation choices.
Partially coherent vortex beams

Beams with structured phase and beams with partial spatial coherence have both been considered for a variety of applications for many years, and it would seem natural to combine their advantageous properties. However, there is a conceptual difficulty in doing so because partially coherent beams lack a definite phase, which would seem to rule out a direct synthesis. Nevertheless, research over the past decade has clarified the relationship between phase singularities of coherent fields and correlation singularities of two-point correlation functions, showing that coherent vortices survive the disruption of spatial coherence. In this presentation we discuss a number of theoretical models of what we refer to as “partially coherent vortex beams,” considering their relative merits.
Determining What the Student Understands - Assessment in an Unscaffolded Environment

Assessment of skills and process knowledge is difficult and quite different from assessing knowledge of content. Many assessment systems use either multiple choice questions or other frameworks that provide a significant amount of scaffolding and this can influence the results. One reason for this is that they are easy to administer and the answers can be automatically graded. This paper describes an assessment tool that does not provide scaffolding (and therefore hints) and yet is able to automatically grade the free form answers through the use of domain knowledge heuristics. The tool has been developed for a tutoring system in the domain of red black trees (a data structure in computer science) and has been evaluated on three semesters of students in a computer science course.
Expressing DOACROSS Loop Dependences in OpenMP

OpenMP is a widely used programming standard for a broad range of parallel systems. In the OpenMP programming model, synchronization points are specified by implicit or explicit barrier operations within a parallel region. However, certain classes of computations, such as stencil algorithms, can be supported with better synchronization efficiency and data locality when using doacross parallelism with point-to-point synchronization than wavefront parallelism with barrier synchronization. In this paper, we propose new synchronization constructs to enable doacross parallelism in the context of the OpenMP programming model. Experimental results on a 32-core IBM Power7 system using four benchmark programs show performance improvements of the proposed doacross approach over OpenMP barriers by factors of 1.4× to 5.2× when using all 32 cores.
The 47-kD fragment of talin is a substrate for protein kinase P

This laboratory has been characterizing protein serine/threonine kinase reactions of hematopoietic tissues, whose most distinguishing characteristics in vitro are stimulation with vesicular phosphatidyl glycerol, and the ability to function using Mn2+ as the sole divalent cation. The major protein substrates are a 73-kD protein and a protein migrating near ovalbumin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 47-kD protein was partially purified from cells harvested by leukapheresis from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. This partially purified ion-exchange fraction contained an endogenous kinase activity with characteristics similar to those we previously described of protein kinase P (protein kinase, phospholipid- stimulable: PK-P), but not typical of any form of protein kinase C (PK- C). With longer phosphorylation, the 47-kD band showed increasingly lower mobility demonstrable both by Coomassie blue staining and autoradiography, suggesting both that it was multiply phosphorylated, and that the excisable band was pure. The protein was thus eluted from preparative gel slices and digested with endoproteinase lys C. Sequence data from the fragments identified the protein as the 47-kD calpain fragment of talin, a protein found in focal adhesion plaques and some cell-cell contacts. PK-C phosphorylated the 47-kD protein, as has been reported previously, and phosphopeptide mapping disclosed a similar pattern of phosphorylation using either PK-C or the endogenous activity. The 47-kD protein labeled with the endogenous kinase contained predominantly phosphoserine, with some phosphothreonine and a trace of phosphotyrosine. Intact, purified talin was also phosphorylated by PK-P in a phospholipid-stimulable manner, but at 1/20 the rate of the 47-kD fragment.
Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions (i.e., reduction temperature, 1250°C; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%). The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.
On tests of independence forr×c Markovian contingency tables

This paper deals with testing the hypothesis of independence of two attributes inr×c Markovian Contingency tables. Likelihood ratio test and χ2-test of the form used in contingency tables are proposed. It is observed that both likelihood ratio criterion and χ2-test lead to the same test statistic in the sense that −2 log λ and χ2-test have asymptotically the same distribution.
Evaluation of role of bile flow patterns in process of in vitro stent occlusion.

Stent placement above the sphincter of Oddi might have advantages over stent placement across the sphincter of Oddi in prolonging stent patency in the treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice. To evaluate the role of bile flow patterns corresponding to biliary stent positioning in the process of stent occlusion in an in vitro bile perfusion model, one group of polyethylene stents was perfused continuously and another group of stents was perfused with additional flushing three times a day, simulating gallbladder emptying. After 8 weeks, the flow rates through the perfused stents were measured for evaluating the extent of stent occlusion indirectly. The results showed that bile flow rate of stents with additional flushing was significantly higher than the continuously perfused stents (P ≤ 0.01). It was demonstrated that after 18 hr of perfusion, additional flushing obviously decreased bacterial adherence to stent when compared to continuously perfused stents. In conclusion, flushing of bile may decrease the build-up of substance in vitro and thus improve stent flow rates, for which decreasing bacterial adherence to stents may be responsible.
“Even if the Sons of Rum are not like Him” The Spatial and Temporal Journey of a Late 19th Century Egyptian Song

This paper follows the material and discursive circulation of the Egyptian popular song “Fī-l-Jihādiyya” as it traveled from the urban context to Upper Egypt throughout the 19th century. The song narrates the farewell of a mother to her son recruited to war, and her helpless attempt to save him. I explore how centuries-old local forms of mobility enacted by authors and performers intersected with the infrastructural changes in transportation under British colonization increasingly since the third quarter of the 19th century. Additionally, by reflecting on the long duree of the song’s circulation and performative replication, I investigate the continuities within the military social infrastructure throughout the century, and argue that the ongoing exploitation of Upper Egyptian soldiers helps explain the endurance of “Fī-l-Jihādiyya’s” social relevance. I thus provide a case for the study of material and social infrastructures as interrelated realms of analysis, specifically with respect to the different implications of the material and social mobilities that my analysis uncovers.
Appropriate Management of the Nonvigorous Meconium-Stained Neonate: An Unanswered Question.

* Abbreviations: ILCOR — : International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation MAS — : meconium aspiration syndrome MSAF — : meconium-stained amniotic fluid RCT — : randomized controlled trial In this issue of Pediatrics , Chiruvolu et al1 compare outcomes in infants who are nonvigorous and meconium stained from before and after a recent recommendation was made not to routinely intubate and suction such infants. They found that not performing this procedure resulted in significantly more NICU respiratory admissions as well as an increased requirement for oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant therapy. Of infants diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), infants who were not intubated had longer durations of oxygen and mechanical ventilation and longer lengths of stay. Was the recommended management change made too hastily? The presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is associated with adverse outcomes.2 Approximately 10% to 15% of all newborns are born through MSAF, with 3% to 9% of them developing MAS and other respiratory disorders. Approximately 20% of infants born through MSAF are nonvigorous and are considerably more likely to have respiratory distress and adverse outcomes. Of term infants admitted to NICUs, 4% to 5% have MAS.3 In 1960, routine intubation and suctioning of neonates born through MSAF was first suggested.4 Three reports published in the mid-1970s revealed better outcomes among infants born through MSAF who had this intervention.5–7 Subsequently, the procedure was widely practiced. In a review … Address correspondence to Thomas E. Wiswell, MD, 2623 Lower Kula Rd, Kula, HI 96790. E-mail: Thomas.E.Wiswell{at}kp.org