cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Workforce Diversity and Artificial Intelligence: Implications for AI Integration into Performance Evaluation Systems

Our study examines the intersection of two major developments in business – the enhancement of workforce diversity and the use of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). We conduct an experiment to investigate how employee demographics moderate the effect of AI-driven performance evaluation systems (“AI-PESs”) on employees’ perceptions of system bias and employees’ behavior. We find that, relative to employee groups that are typically over-represented in business, under-represented employees perceive AI-PES to be less biased and that employees from under-represented ethnicities perceive AI-PES to be less biased than a Traditional-PES (i.e., PES reliant solely on a human manager). Further, under-represented employees are more likely to self-select into a firm and provide greater effort for a firm that uses an AI-PES vs. a Traditional-PES. Our findings suggest unintended benefits of AI use – attracting employees from under-represented groups and encouraging higher effort from these employees – collectively providing evidence that AI-PESs can influence and enhance workforce diversity.
A Culture Change: Impact of a Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Based on Guideline Implementation and Prospective Audit with Feedback.

Reports analyzing the impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) over long periods of time are lacking. We thus report our ASP experience in a pediatric tertiary referral center over a long-term period from 2011 to 2018. Our ASP was implemented in 2011. The program was based primarily on guideline development with key stakeholders, engaging and educating providers, followed by prospective audit with feedback (PAF). Monitored antibiotics included meropenem, piperacillin–tazobactam, and cefepime, followed by the addition of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, linezolid, and vancomycin at various time points. Specifically, the program did not implemented the core strategy of formulary restriction with prior authorization. Process- and outcome-related ASP measures were analyzed. We saw a 32% decrease in overall antibiotic utilization, a 51% decrease in the utilization of antibiotics undergoing PAF, and a 72% reduction in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as meropenem. There was a concomitant increase in organism susceptibility and a reduction in yearly drug purchasing costs of over USD 560,000 from baseline without changes in sepsis-related mortality. Our study highlights that a pediatric ASP based primarily on the principles of guideline development and PAF can improve antibiotic utilization and institutional bacterial susceptibilities without a detrimental impact on patient outcomes by changing the culture of antimicrobial utilization within the institution.
Lymphocyte entry into inflammatory tissues in vivo. Qualitative differences of high endothelial venule-like vessels in sponge matrix allografts vs isografts

Sponge matrix allografts and isografts become extensively encapsulated and neovascularized after s.c. implantation. Sponge allografts acquire alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes, whereas sponge isografts fail to do so, even though these T cells are continuously circulating in the peripheral blood. We have investigated the possibility that the vascular endothelia regulates lymphocytic accumulation in sponge matrix implants. In normal lymph nodes, specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) regulate lymphocyte extravasation from the blood. We have now identified HEV-like vessels in sponge matrix allografts. These vessels are operationally defined as "HEV-like" in that they react with mAb MECA 325 which identifies murine HEV, and bind lymphocytes in ex vivo adhesion assays. In contrast, sponge isografts contain MECA 325 reactive vessels that are significantly smaller than those found in allografts. Further, vessels of sponge isografts do not readily bind lymphocytes in ex vivo adhesion assays. Immunohistologic analysis also revealed that the small MECA 325+ vessels present in sponge isografts are consistently found in close proximity to nerve bundles. Although this MECA 325 reactive vessel-nerve bundle association is also observed in sponge allografts, large MECA 325 reactive vessels are widely distributed in allografts. Our data suggest that small, poorly adhesive MECA 325 reactive vessels develop in sponge isografts and allografts, possibly under the influence of local nerve tissue. These vessels respond to regional alloimmune responses by developing into the larger HEV-like vessels capable of binding lymphocytes in sponge allografts. The value of this experimental system as an in vivo model to evaluate mechanisms involved in neovascularization and endothelial differentiation is discussed.
Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens , Movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario

Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.
France's slow transition from privatized to government-administered tax collection: Tax farming in the eighteenth century

The establishment of a centralized government bureaucracy to collect taxes is regarded as one of the essential features of a modern economy. Britain has long been regarded as a pioneer, creating an efficient tax-collecting bureaucracy over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the other hand, France has been regarded as a laggard, continuing to rely heavily on tax farming. Focusing on the largest of the tax farms, the French Crown's slow transition from privatized tax collection to government administered tax collection is explained as a consequence of its inability to adequately monitor employees and absorb the risk of fluctuating revenues and absence of ready access to the capital markets. Consequently, the French Crown failed to capture significant tax revenues as it headed into a fiscal crisis at the end of the eighteenth century.
Not Guilty: Are the Acquitted Innocent?

Introduction: Invisible Innocence 2 Judge and Jury Decisions to Acquit: What We Know from Social Science Research 3 Screening for Innocence 4 Understanding Why Judges and Juries Disagree about Criminal Case Outcomes: Are Jury Verdicts an Expression of Sentiment? 5 Th e Defense Case 6 Th e Impact of Race on Judge and Jury Decision Making 7 Conclusion Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Notes Bibliography Index About the Author
Bamford–Stevens reaction

The Bamford-Stevens reaction and the Shapiro reaction share a similar mechanistic pathway. The former uses a base such as Na, NaOMe, LiH, NaH, NaNH2, etc., whereas the latter employs a base such as alkyllithiums and Grignard reagents. As a result, the Bamford-Stevens reaction furnishes the more-substituted olefins as the thermodynamic products, while the Shapiro reaction generally affords the less-substituted olefins as the kinetic products.
Systematizing Web Search Through A Meta-Cognitive, Systems-Based, Information Structuring Model (McSIS)

This paper proposes a meta-cognitive, systems-based, information structuring model (McSIS) to systematize online information search behavior based on literature review of information-seeking models. The General Systems Theory’s (GST) prepositions serve as its framework. Factors influencing information-seekers, such as the individual learning styles of Field Independence and Field Dependence (FI/FD); Holist, Serialist (H/S), and Problem-Focused vs. Emotion-Focused (PF/EF) problem-solving approaches, and individual or personal domain knowledge, are incorporated in the model. An example demonstrating the model is presented along with recommendations for educators and researchers.
Electromigration of ionized cluster beam deposited aluminum metallizations

The activation energy of electromigration for ionized-cluster-beam-deposited aluminum films on 7000-AA-thick SiO/sub 2/ was found to be 1.1 eV compared to 0.5 eV, for conventionally deposited aluminum films. Aluminum films on oxide-free silicon did not show any hole formation or resistance increase during DC stressing. >
Comparison of observations from the GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar and the NEXRAD & CASA radars over the Dallas-Fort Worth region

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite was launched by NASA and JAXA as a joint mission after the successful Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) for more accurate observation and measurement of precipitation over a wider range of latitude. This is achieved by a Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the GPM core observatory. Operating at the nominal frequency of Ku-band (13.6 GHz) and Ka-band (35.5 GHz), DPR is expected to provide a global picture of precipitation though the dual-frequency observations.
Report of Three Cases

Summary We have presented 3 cases of enteritis gravis. Pathologically this is a sharply defined entity as shown by Jeckeln, which is marked by segmental intestinal mucosal necrosis with hemorrhage and edema of the bowel wall. The localization is mostly in the jejunum. Two of our cases represent the acute form with perforation. The third represents the mild form progressing to the surgical form.
History and society in Central America

First published in Chile in 1969 as Interpretacion del desarrollo social centroamericano, this classic is now available in English. The first attempt at an integrated analysis of modern Central America's socioeconomic structure, Torres Rivas's work traces the social development of Central America from independence (1871) up to the 1960s. Using a dependency framework, but not limited by it, Torres Rivas describes the various divisions of Central American society and their evolution within the liberal development model that has been so much a part of the past century of Central American economic history. The book is compelling in its explanation of the relationship between foreign and native elements in the social development of the region. Torres Rivas describes and analyzes the resulting long-term problems this development has posed for Central America. With a new chapter added for the English edition, History and Society in Central America remains vital for readers interested in the region.
Na + - and Cl − -dependent neurotransmitter transporters in bovine retina: Identification and localization by in situ hybridization histochemistry

The physiological actions of biogenic amine and amino-acid neurotransmitters are terminated by their removal from the synaptic cleft by specific high-affinity transport proteins. The members of the Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family expressed in bovine retina and responsible for the uptake of biogenic amine and amino-acid neurotransmitters were identified using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based approach. cDNA clones encoding bovine homologues of glycine (GLYT-1), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAT-1), creatine (CreaT), and orphan (NTT4) transporters were identified using this strategy. The expression pattern of mRNAs encoding these proteins in the retina was determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. GLYT-1, CreaT, NTT4, and GAT-1 mRNAs were expressed in the retina by cells in the inner nuclear, inner plexiform, and ganglion cell layers. They were not expressed at detectable levels in the photoreceptor cells whose cell bodies are in the outer nuclear layer and are the most abundant cell type in the retina. GLYT-1 mRNA was present exclusively in the proximal inner nuclear layer. GAT-1 mRNA was localized to both the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. CreaT mRNA was expressed in all cell types in the retina, except photoreceptors, and NTT4 mRNA was expressed by a subpopulation of cells in the ganglion cell layer. Elucidation of the expression pattern of these neurotransmitter transporter mRNAs in the retina provides a basis for studies of the role of glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and creatine transporters in retinal function.
Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell cycle delay in cultured mammalian cells treated with eight organophosphorus pesticides

Abstract Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell cycle delay in Chinese hamster cell line V79 after treatment with 8 organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) were studied. In addition, these effects were also studied using 1 of the 8 OPP in 2 human lymphoid cell lines. In V79 cells, 6 of the 8 OPP induced significant increase of frequencies of SCE and all the OPP induced various degrees of cell cycle delay. The 6 OPP in decreasing order of SCE induction are methyl-parathion, demeton, trichlorfon, dimethoate, malathion and methidathion. The 2 OPP that had no effect on SCE are diazion and disyston. The extents of induced cell cycle delay are generally related to the OPP concentrations but does not necessarily correlate with the extent of induction of SCE among the OPP studied. The results of studies on the effect of methyl-parathion on SCE and cell cycle delay in 2 human cell lines showed that both lines had significant and dose-dependent increase of SCE frequencies similar to those observed in V79 cells. In contrast to V79 cells, however, cell cycle delay was not as prominent in the human lines at comparable doses. These studies indicated that 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling for analyzing SCE and cell cycle delay is a very sensitive method in assessing mutagenic potential of environmental compounds especially those that are highly toxic to and rapidly degradable in mammalian cells such as OPP.
Depression and Cognitive Functioning as Predictors of Social Network Size

Social networks change with age and may affect physical and mental health outcomes. Few studies have examined the influence of cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms on social network sizes among older adults. This study examined the impact of cognition and depression on the social networks of 79 community dwelling elderly. Social network sizes were measured using Antonucci's Convoy method. Consistent with predictions, participants with lower cognitive functioning scores had fewer outer circle social contacts. Higher depressive symptomatology was associated with smaller numbers of close, inner circle relationships. These results suggest potentially greater network changes in older adults experiencing depressive symptomatology or cognitive decline, albeit in different aspects of the social network (close vs. peripheral relationships). Possessing fewer emotionally rewarding close relationships may be particularly difficult for elderly individuals relying on emotional and instrumental support. These f...
Assembly of a Triple-Cage Species Containing B, P, and Si Atoms.

The new 14-atom cage species shown at the right has been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques.
Silastic oxygenator and perfusion system for canine liver and kidney preservation.

Abstract A silicone rubber oxygenator and perfusion circuit was developed for the prolonged preservation and metabolic study of intact hypothermic mammalian liver and kidney. With this perfusion system, the canine kidney may be studied up to 4 days and the canine liver up to 20 hrs. The low capacity membrane oxygenator consists of multiple strands of thin walled silicone rubber tubing in parallel through which the perfusate flows. An oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture is blown over the tubing surface. Oxygen transfer capacity of the oxygenator is about 2.5 ml per min at 10 °C. The perfusion system is reusable and autoclavable, and its size can be scaled up for larger organs or scaled down for rat organs.
The utilization of lactose by the dairy calf fed normal or modified milk diets.

Summary 1.The effect of feeding whole milk or modified milk diets to dairy calves on the amount of sugar excreted in the urine was determined. Equipment was designed for quantitative urine collection. 2.Calves fed whole milk or skim milk for periods up to 42 days utilized the dietary lactose very effectively. No difference was observed in the galactose excretions for the two groups. The amount excreted, measured as galactose, ranged from 1.1 to 3.4 per cent of the total lactose ingested. 3.When the lactose content of the milk was doubled, the result was an increase in urinary galactose equivalent to-8 per cent of the lactose ingested. The galactosuria was accompanied by diarrhea and unthriftiness of the animals.
The effect of interposed conditions on the consistency of stuttering.

Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that the consistency effect in stuttering is due mainly to the subject’s memory of his stuttered words in preceding readings of the test pass...
Arsenite Methylation by Methylvitamin B12and Glutathione Does Not Require an Enzyme

Abstract Although inorganic arsenic is methylated enzymatically by arsenic methyltransferases, which have been found in many mammalian livers, the detection of such enzymes has not been successful in surgically removed human livers. Results of the present experiments demonstrated that methylvitamin B 12 (methylcobalamin, CH 3 B 12 ) in the presence of thiols and inorganic arsenite can produce, in vitro, substantial amounts of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and small amounts of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in the absence of enzymes. Furthermore, this nonenzymatic methylation of inorganic arsenite by CH 3 B 12 was increased substantially by the presence of dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) and/or sodium selenite. The actions of DMPS and selenite together were additive. The methylation by CH 3 B 12 was neither inhibited nor stimulated by human liver cytosol. Since the amount of MMA produced by the in vitro system described in this study was not small, these results emphasize the need for a properly designed nutritional study in humans exposed to inorganic arsenic as to the relationship between vitamin B 12 , selenium, and the metabolism of carcinogenic inorganic arsenic.
Breast reduction: is it an aid to cancer detection?

THE relationship between breast carcinoma and reduction mammaplasty has been studied statistically, individual cases have been analysed and reported and various theories have evolved, but a cause-effect relationship has not been established. In the absence of a laboratory model it seems unlikely that such an association can ever be more than inferred by biostatistical analysis. Nevertheless, the prevalence of breast cancer insures that plastic surgeons who regularly perform reduction mammaplasties will eventually either discover an occult carcinoma or will have a tumour arise following surgery. With equal certainty, these same surgeons will be asked to defend the absence of a cause-effect relationship before patient, family, and colleagues. Such cases deserve careful documentation and reporting to add to the growing body of statistics regarding the relationship between breast carcinoma and breast reduction mammaplasty.
Herding, momentum and investor over-reaction

In this paper we study the impact of noise or quality of prices on returns. The noise arises from herding by market participants beyond what is justified by information. We construct a firm-quarter-specific measure of speculative intensity (SPEC) based on autocorrelation in daily trading volume adjusted for the amount of information available, and find that speculative intensity has a significant positive impact on returns. Both cross-sectional and time series variation in SPEC are consistent with conventional wisdom, and with implications of theories of herding as in DeLong et al. (1990, J Political Econ 98(4):703–738). We find that high-SPEC firms drive the returns to momentum trading strategies and that investor over-reaction is significant only in the case of high-SPEC firms.
Effect of thermal conductivity mismatch on the thermal stresses in a dispersed phase-continuous matrix composite material undergoing steady-state heat flow

Under conditions of heat flow a mismatch in the thermal conductivity of the components in a composite material gives rise to localized stresses and displacements not present under isothermal conditions. These localized displacements result in additional bending displacements (i.e., additional curvature) at the continuum level. When such curvature is constrained, additional thermal stresses will arise which are superposed on those based on conventional thermoelastic theory and the isothermal properties of the composite material. This phenomenon is referred to as the “thermal conductivity mismatch effect.” For any given composite material, this effect can be analyzed by numerical means. It is the purpose of this study to present an analytical approach to this problem based on an approximate analytical expression for the effective coefficient of thermal expansion in thermal bending under conditions of steady-state heat flow. The specific geometry selected for this analysis consisted of a short ring subjected...
Impeaching Finnigan and Realigning the Corroboration Standard for Uninterested Single Witness Testimony with Precedent and Policy

Thomson 3 3 and Finnigan 4 were decided by different panels of Federal Circuit judges with one judge in common, 5 only four and a half months apart. Both panels addressed whether an uninterested witness’s testimony must be corroborated, and both panels reached different outcomes. Although the latter of the two cases, Finnigan , attempted to reconcile the apparent inconsistencies, its craftsmanship suggests a veiled attempt to overrule Thomson , 6 rather than distinguish it. 7 Even though most courts have followed Finnigan 8 instead of Thomson , 9 Thomson deserves special attention--not only because it has not been overruled, 10 but also because its holding is a natural extension of legal precedent and patent policy that may prove to be the more contoured rule to the issue at hand. Namely, whether an uninterested witness’s testimony submitted to prove patent invalidity must be corroborated with other evidence as a bright-line rule or whether courts should have the option to evaluate this testimony on a case-by-case basis. In other words, the issue discussed in the conflicting holdings of Thomson and Finnigan is whether a single witness’s testimony is ever sufficient to meet the evidentiary burden of clear and convincing evidence to prove patent invalidity.
Multiscale Prediction of the Surface Separation Between Rough Surfaces

The current work considers the multiscale nature of surface roughness in a new model that predicts the real area of contact and surface separation, both as functions of load. By summing the distance between the two surfaces at all scales, a model of surface separation as a function of dimensionless load is also obtained. A previous rough surface multiscale contact model was based on stacked elastic-plastic spheres. This work uses stacked 3-D sinusoids to represent the asperities in contact at each scale of the surface. The results are also compared to several other existing rough surface contact models and experimental results. It appears that the statistical and multiscale models make different assumptions when considering surface separation. The statistical model does not consider the effect of deformation on the mean surface height, but the multiscale model does (the location of the mean height will change as the surface deforms). When deformation is included and the surface separation becomes zero, the surfaces must also come into complete contact.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Value in the values: Pasture-raised livestock products offer opportunities for reconnecting producers and consumers

Pasture-based livestock production holds promise in helping to reinvigorate small and mid-scale farming, as well as farm communities, across the United States. In this study, in-depth interviews of pasture-based livestock producers, meat processors and buyers were conducted to determine behaviors, attitudes and expectations with regard to pasture-based livestock production. In addition, consumers were polled to determine their attitudes with respect to how food animals are raised and treated. Results revealed many shared values between those involved in raising, processing and distributing animal products, as well as consumers, indicating an opportunity for a ‘re-embedding’ of livestock production based on these shared values. The concurrent development of both direct and extended markets, e.g. values-based value chains, is suggested as one way of addressing the difficulties faced by individual farmers in processing and distributing animal products with their provenance and underlying values intact.
Motivating children to use safety belts: A program combining rewards and “Flash for Life”

This study reports the application of rewards to increase parents' and schoolchildren's use of safety belts en route to school through a community wide program involving 27 schools. Comprehensive observations were made at two representative schools. Compliance with safety rules required all occupants of a vehicle to be buckled into safety devices. At the beginning of the program all children received a “Flash for Life” vinyl folder and a bumper strip for the family car. During the first week of the program, law enforcement units distributed free pizza tickets when they observed cars with bumper strips in which all occupants were properly secured. During the school reward phase, children arriving in compliant cars received colored stickers each day. Daily rewards increased compliance at one observed school from a baseline of 23.5% to 42.5%, whereas compliance at the second school increased from 27.3% to 81.9%. Intermittent schedules of rewards in following weeks had mixed results. Withdrawal of the rewards resulted in moderate decreases in compliance.
Foundational readings concerning pollen for allergists and aerobiologists

Background In a medical culture being revolutionized by MEDLINE, MD-Consult, and full-text electronic journals, books are frequently dismissed as antiquated and hopelessly out of date. For those involved in the study of atmospheric pollen, however, books-many several decades old-still represent foundational reading. Objectives This paper will present and briefly review 17 books dealing with the ecology of plants that cause pollinosis, pollen morphology, pollen movement in the atmosphere, and air sampling techniques. Conclusions This small collection of books provides a foundation with which to approach the study of atmospheric pollen. Allergists and aerobiologists are encouraged to become familiar with these titles, particularly if they intend to publish pollen data in medical journals.
Interactions between irradiated and unirradiated tissues during supernumerary limb formation in the newt.

The interactions between irradiated and unirradiated blastemas and stumps in the newt forelimb were studied. Supernumerary limbs ranging in completeness from one to four digits were found to arise predominantly on the anterior or posterior sides of the host limb. The graft developed well when the blastema was unirradiated and had reversed handedness with respect to the stump. Irradiated grafts developed poorly. The results are discussed in terms of the origin of the cells which comprise the supernumerary limbs and their bearing on a recently presented model concerned with pattern specification and regulation in epimorphic fields.
K- and L-shell ionization by energetic lithium beams

We have measured target $K$ x-ray production cross sections for lithium projectiles incident on thin aluminum, scandium, copper, and tin targets at energies from 4 to 34 MeV. The Sn $L$ x-ray cross sections for those energies have also been obtained. In addition, similar measurements for protons incident at velocities matching those of the lithium projectiles have been made. The absolute magnitudes of the lithium ionization cross sections as deduced from the above results are well predicted by the binary-encounter approximation. Substantial deviations downward occur in the Sc and Cu cases for projectile velocities below one-half of the $L$-shell electron orbital velocities. These decreases in the cross sections, which are also evident in the data when scaled by the corresponding proton values, are examined in light of a previous treatment of increased binding effects.
Nutrition and Depression: The Role of Folate

A relationship between folate and neuropsychiatric disorders has been inferred from clinical observation and from the enhanced understanding of the role of folate in critical brain metabolic pathways. Depressive symptoms are the most common neuropsychiatric manifestation of folate deficiency. Conversely, borderline low or deficient serum or red blood cell folate levels have been detected in 15–38% of adults diagnosed with depressive disorders. Recently, low folate levels have been linked to poorer antidepressant response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Factors contributing to low serum folate levels among depressed patients as well as the circumstances under which folate and its derivatives may have a role in antidepressant pharmacotherapy must be further clarified.
Friendships in the Shadow of Empire: Tagore's Reception in Chicago, circa 1913–1932*

This paper supplies the historical context to the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore's (1861–1941) first visit to the city of Chicago in January 1913 when he spoke at the University of Chicago and established life-long friendships with some of the literary personalities of the city. By focusing on how Tagore came to be received by the University authorities and on his friendship with Harriet Vaughan Moody (1857–1932), the widow of the American writer William Vaughn Moody, it also seeks to trace the role that the themes of ‘empire’ and ‘civilization’ played in determining how the poet was received, understood, and admired by his foreign friends.
Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs.

Objective— To evaluate the effects of porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) on the healing of full-thickness wounds in dogs, specifically the appearance of granulation tissue, percent epithelialization and contraction, histologic variables of inflammation and repair, and aerobic culture results. Study Design— Prospective, controlled, experimental study. Animals— Purpose-bred, female dogs (n=10). Methods— Wounds were created bilaterally on the trunk; 1 side as a control and 1 treated with PSIS. First appearance of granulation tissue was recorded. Total wound area, open wound area, and epithelialized area were measured at 21 time points—wound contraction and percent epithelialization were calculated. Aerobic cultures were taken at 4 time points and wound biopsies at 8. Histologic features were graded into an Acute Inflammation Score and Repair Score. Results— There was no difference in first appearance of granulation tissue between PSIS-treated and control wounds. Wound contraction was significantly faster in control wounds as was percent epithelialization after day 21. Histologic Acute Inflammation Scores were significantly higher in PSIS-treated wounds compared with control wounds on days 2 and 6. There were no differences in Histologic Repair Scores between PSIS-treated and control wounds or in aerobic culture results. Conclusion— Wounds treated with PSIS contract more slowly, epithelialize less, and have more pronounced acute inflammation after implantation than control wounds. Clinical Relevance— Acute, full-thickness wounds in dogs do not benefit from treatment with PSIS.
Exploring flow among division I and intramural athletes

This study explores the flow experiences of collegiate athletes. NCAA Division I athletes and intramural athletes (N = 180) completed a series of measures on their flow experiences. Comparisons were made regarding the characteristics of flow, the perceived facilitators of flow, the frequency of flow experiences, and explored the role of perceived ability. Using a person by situation interaction framework, this study singles out perceived ability as a person factor and competitive level as a situational factor to more clearly examine flow experiences. Results indicated distinctions between the two groups. Mainly, the intramural athletes reported experiencing the merging of action and awareness, autotelic experience, transformation of time and having clear goals more frequently than the NCAA Division I athletes. No group differences were found for flow frequency or flow facilitators. Perceived ability was found to have a weak, but significant relationship with specific flow facilitators and characteristics.
Cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles directly cross-linked with carrier peptides by osteosarcoma cells.

Nanoparticles have been extensively used for a variety of biomedical applications and there is a growing need for highly specific and efficient delivery of the nanoparticles into target cells and subcellular location. We attempted to accomplish this goal by modifying gold particles with peptide motif’s that are known to deliver a ‘cargo’ into chosen cellular location specifically, we intended to deliver nanogold particles into cells through chemical cross-linking with different peptides known to carry protein into cells. Our results suggest that specific sequence of such ‘carrier peptides’ can efficiently deliver gold nanoparticles into cells when chemically cross-linked with the metal particles.
Calibration of Spectrofluorimeters for Measuring Corrected Emission Spectra

A rhodamine B quantum counter and a thermopile were used to calibrate a grating monochromator and photomultiplier for the measurement of corrected emission spectra from 240 to 600 mμ. The calibration was checked over a limited wavelength range with a standard tungsten lamp. Fluorescence spectra determined with the instrument agree well with previously reported spectra.
Surgical techniques in the management of ectopic pregnancy

The appropriate surgical technique depends not only on the location of the ectopic gestation and the extent of tubal damage that results, but also on the patients' future wishes, the technical expertise of the surgeon, and the technologic advances available.
Possibility of using carbon nanotubes as microactuators

Recent studies at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have shown that electric field can have a profound effect on individual carbon nanotube ensembles. We have shown that nanotubes can be aligned along the electric field lines, and can also be made to move along the field lines above a critical or threshold electric field. Experiments were repeated with nano-particles such as C-60 (fullerenes) and these effects were not observed, which indicates that the aspect ratio and one-dimensionality of the nanotubes plays a critical role. These observations can foreshadow novel electro-mechanical applications for nanotube elements.
Bottom-up versus top-down solidification of the cores of small solar system bodies: Constraints on paradoxical cores

Abstract The slopes of the adiabatic gradient of liquid iron and iron alloys are calculated at high-pressure conditions, and compared to liquidi slopes. The controversial thermal expansion of liquid iron results in uncertainties in the pressure conditions and compositional range over which adiabats are steeper than the liquidi, and hence over the conditions at which planetary cores would be expected to begin crystallization from the top-down, as opposed to the bottom-up. If the liquid iron thermal expansion is relatively high (13.2 × 10− 5/K), as indicated by a large number of studies, the cores of almost all objects smaller than Callisto (pressures 8 GPa) for 10 wt.% S compositions. Hence, top-down crystallization and compositional stratification may be an endemic feature in the cores of small- to mid-size solar system bodies, and the evolution of crystallization-induced compositional stratification may provide a natural explanation for possible early shut-offs of dynamos of small bodies in the solar system.
Inductive modeling of lithium-ion cells

Abstract Sandia National Laboratories has conducted a sequence of studies on the performance of lithium ion and other types of electrochemical cells using inductive models. The objectives of some of these investigations are: (1) to develop procedures to rapidly determine performance degradation rates while these cells undergo life tests; (2) to model cell voltage and capacity in order to simulate cell output under variable load and temperature conditions; (3) to model rechargeable battery degradation under conditions of cyclic charge/discharge, and many others. Among the uses for the models are: (1) to enable efficient predictions of battery life; (2) to characterize system behavior. Inductive models seek to characterize system behavior using experimentally or analytically obtained data in an efficient and robust framework that does not require phenomenological development. There are certain advantages to this. Among these advantages is the ability to avoid making measurements of hard to determine physical parameters or having to understand cell processes sufficiently to write mathematical functions describing their behavior. We have used artificial neural networks (ANNs) for inductive modeling, along with ancillary mathematical tools to improve their accuracy. This paper summarizes efforts to use inductive tools for cell and battery modeling. Examples of numerical results are presented.
Asymmetric intraseasonal events in the stochastic skeleton MJO model with seasonal cycle

The stochastic skeleton model is a simplified model for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and intraseasonal-planetary variability in general involving coupling of planetary-scale dry dynamics, moisture, and a stochastic parametrization for the unresolved details of synoptic-scale activity. The model captures the fundamental features of the MJO such as the intermittent growth and demise of MJO wave trains, the MJO propagation speed, peculiar dispersion relation, quadrupole vortex structure, etc. We analyze here the solutions of a stochastic skeleton model with an idealized seasonal cycle, namely a background warm pool state of heating/moistening displacing meridionally during the year. The present model considers both equatorial and off-equatorial components of the envelope of synoptic scale convective activity, which allows for a large diversity of meridionally symmetric and asymmetric intraseasonal events found in nature. These include examples of symmetric events with MJO quadrupole vortex structure, half-quadrupole events with off-equatorial convective heating structure, as well as tilted events with convective heating structure oriented north-westward and associated northward propagation that is reminiscent of the summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation. The model also reproduces qualitatively the meridional migration of intraseasonal variability during the year, that approximatively follows the meridional migration of the background warm pool.
Differences in Joint Mobility and Foot Pressures Between Black and White Diabetic Patients

Limited joint mobility is common in diabetes and is related to high foot pressures and foot ulceration. We have examined the differences in joint mobility and foot pressures in four groups matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes: 31 white diabetic, 33 white non-diabetic, 24 black diabetic, and 22 non-diabetic black subjects. Joint mobility was assessed using a goniometer at the fifth metacarpal, first metatarsal, and subtalar joints. In-shoe and without shoes foot pressures were measured using an F-Scan system. Neuropathy was evaluated using clinical symptoms (Neuropathy Symptom Score), signs (Neuropathy Disability Score), and Vibration Perception Threshold. There was no difference between white and black diabetic patients in Neuropathy Symptom Score, Neuropathy Disability Score, and Vibration Perception Threshold. Subtalar joint mobility was significantly reduced in white diabetic patients (22 +/- 7 degrees) compared to white controls (26 +/- 4 degrees, black diabetic patients (25 +/- 5 degrees), and black controls (29 +/- 7 degrees), and increased in black controls compared to white controls and black diabetic patients (level of statistical significance p < 0.05). Without shoes foot pressures were higher in white diabetic patients (8.31 +/- 400 kg cm-2) compared to white controls (6.81 +/- 2.31 kg cma2), black diabetic patients (6.2 +/- 2.53 kg cm-2) and black controls (5.00 +/- 1.24 kg cm-2) and lower in black controls compared to white and black diabetic patients (p < 0.05 in all cases). We conclude that racial differences exist in joint mobility and foot pressures between black and white subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a Novel Vascular Simulator and Injury Model to Evaluate Smooth Muscle Cell Response following Balloon Angioplasty

Following balloon angioplasty, denudation of endothelial cells exposes vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to normally unseen shear forces from blood flow. In vivo studies investigate the response to angioplasty injury, but limited studies have been performed using in vitro systems. In order to study SMC response in vitro, a concurrent shear and tensile forces simulator has been developed to provide clinically significant levels of strain and shear stresses in addition to simulating forces similar to those during balloon angioplasty. In this acute study (8 hr), rat aortic SMCs demonstrated significant cell proliferation following applied increased tensile forces of angioplasty injury and shear exposure when compared to lower levels of tensile exposure similar to a normal physiological level, with an average 75% increase in the number of cells of the injury group compared to the normal dynamic group. SMCs exposed to balloon angioplasty injury and concurrent shear and tensile mechanical forces demonstrated decreased expression of the contractile phenotypic marker smooth muscle α-actin. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the developed model for in vitro angioplasty and the simulated mechanical environment to the cells. This provides an in vitro model to isolate the effects of concurrent mechanical forces and could also potentially act as a preliminary step toward use in pharmaceutical research for reduction or prevention of SMC proliferation due to altered mechanical forces during endovascular procedures.
Color-octet quarkonia production

Gluon fragmentation represents the dominant source of high energy prompt quarkonia at hadron colliders. Fragmentation approximations break down, however, when a quarkonium’s tranvserse momentum becomes comparable to its mass. In this paper we identify a large class of color-octet diagrams that mediate quarkonia production at all energies and reduce to the dominant set of gluon fragmentation graphs in the high p⊥ limit. They contribute to quarkonia differential cross sections at the same order as color-singlet diagrams and bring theoretical predictions for Υ and Ψ production at the Fermilab Tevatron into agreement with experimental measurements. Using recent CDF data we extract numerical values for bottomonia and charmonia color-octet matrix elements which are consistent with NRQCD scaling rules. We also find that quarkonia generated via the color-octet mechanism are strongly polarized at low as well as high energies. Spin alignment measurements can thus test the color-octet quarkonia production picture.
Fluorescent Lamp Dimming Progress Report

The three types of fluorescent lamp dimming systems used today are variable voltage, variable impedance, and variable time. From the standpoint of performance, the variable-time system has proved superior. However, early variable-time dimming systems utilized the thyratron as the controllable switch, and the cost, size, and reliability of the system limited its success. With the introduction of the silicon-controlled rectifier, an economical, reliable, and compact variable-time fluorescent dimming system was made possible. A special dirmning ballast was designed to be used with the silicon-controlled-rectifier dimming control; this design is discussed in detail. The associated circuitry required by the silicon-controlled rectifier when used in a fluorescent dimming system is also included.
Effects of inhalant anesthesia: tympanometry validation (R98/217)

Summary Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the best time to assess middle ear status with tympanometry for tympanometric instrument validation. The research question addressed three logical times for tympanometric reading prior to myringotomy. Methods: Fifty-one children, ranging in age from nine months to 10 years, were recruited for this investigation. Participants underwent inhalant anesthesia for myringotomy and grommet placement with or without adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. Tympanometry data was analyzed across three time periods. Results: Findings indicated that tympanometric readings prior to anesthesia produced the most accurate results. Conclusions: Implicated in findings, in order to ensure that tympanometric instruments are reliable, typanometric measurements should be taken prior to the administration of any anesthesia.
Diversity of murine gamma genes and expression in fetal and adult T lymphocytes

The search for the genes encoding the T-cell receptor alpha and chains revealed a third gene, T gamma (ref. 1), which shares with t T alpha (refs 2-7) and T beta (refs 8-15) genes a number of structure features, including somatic rearrangement during T-cell development. T gamma gene expression appears to be unnecessary in son mature T cells and is at its greatest in fetal thymocytes encouraging speculation that T gamma has a role in T-cell development and may be involved in the recognition of polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products during thymic education. One argument against the participation of T gamma in such a process has been its apparently limited diversity, due to the small number of gene segments available for rearrangement. We here describe the identification of additional T gamma V-gene segments and demonstrate that they can be rearranged to previously identified J- and C-gene segments and are expressed in fetal thymocytes. In addition we describe a variety of patterns of T gamma mRNA processing which may be significant for T gamma gene regulation.