cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Fluorescent Spectrum for the Trichromatic Visual Response: A Pilot Study

AbstractResults of a pilot study are presented that explored the hypotheses that brightness and color perception would be enhanced by increasing the proportion of spectral content within the 450–530-610 nm regions. Expert and naive subjects completed a forced choice task, comparing pairs of offices illuminated at 538 lx (50 fc) with one of four different prototype lamps that varied in spectral content in the 450–530-610 nm regions. Rooms illuminated with lamps having a higher percentage of their spectral power in these regions were perceived as brighter and more colorful. Expert and naive observers had similar responses but the experts expressed their opinions more definitively. These data suggest that the perception of brightness, color, and visual clarity are more reliant upon the placement of radiant power within key spectral regions, rather than on the magnitude of the energy within those regions. These results cannot be explained with the S/P ratio.
Children's Aesthetic Understanding of Photographic Art and the Quality of Art-Related Parent–Child Interactions

This research was designed to examine the quality of children's aesthetic understanding of photographs, observe social interactions between parents and children in this aesthetic domain, and study whether qualitatively different dyadic interactions were associated with children's own aesthetic understanding. Parents and children (7–13 years; 40 dyads) individually completed measures of aesthetic understanding and jointly selected photographs for a souvenir scrapbook. Parents' artistic experience varied widely and was associated with their own performance on aesthetic understanding measures. Children's performance on the individual aesthetic tasks was related to age, but not to parents' art experience nor to the qualities of parent–child discussions of aesthetic concepts. Among both parents and children, artistic experience was associated with aesthetic preferences for photographs.
The Hydrophobicity of the H3 Histone Fold differs from the Hydrophobicity of the other three Folds

The eukaryotic histone dimers, H3-H4 and H2A-H2B, are formed in the cytosol prior to being transported into the nucleus and assembled into the nucleosome. Residue side-chain distances from the interior of the histone dimers are obtained with an ellipsoidal spatial metric and structural information provided by X-ray analyses at atomic resolution of the nucleosome core particles. While the spatial hydrophobic moment profiles of the dimers are comparable with profiles obtained previously that characterize the hydrophobic core of single-chain, single-domain globular soluble proteins, correlation coefficients between the side-chain hydrophobicities and distances from the interior of the H3-H4 dimer and H2A-H2B dimer differ significantly. This difference is traced to the H3 histone fold, which segregates fewer hydrophobic residues within the protein interior than the three other folds. Examination of the correlation coefficient between residue hydrophobicity and side-chain distance from the dimer interior over local regions of the fold sequence shows that the region of reduced correlation is associated mainly with the residues at the carboxyl end of the H3 histone fold, the helical region of the fold involved in the H3-H3' binding of the (H3-H4)(2) tetramer of the nucleosome. Hydrophobic interactions apparently contribute to the binding of this fourfold helical bundle and this evolutionary requirement may trade off against the requirement for H3-H4 dimer stability. The present results provide a different view than previously proposed, albeit of similar origin, to account for the reduced stability of the H3-H4 dimer compared with the H2A-H2B dimer.
Photoionization of the scandium atom. I. General features

In this paper we present the results of eigenchannel R-matrix calculations of the photoionization cross section of Sc from the 3d4${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2,5/2}$ ground electronic state. The calculations were performed in LS coupling using configuration interaction for the target states as well as for the full atomic wave function. The spin-orbit interaction was incorporated through a recoupling frame transformation. We focus on the gross dynamics of the atom that need to be described accurately to obtain good agreement with experiment.
Patronizing the Young: Forms and Evaluations:

Exploratory work indicated that Californian undergraduates were frequently, and irritatingly, patronized by older adults in a variety of ways. In a follow-up, using multidimensional scaling procedures, three distinct clusters representing young adults' own conceptions of patronizing speech emerged ("non-listening," "disapproving," and "parental"). In the main study, young adults were provided with a single vignette of a short conversation between an older and younger person. Eight versions of this vignette were devised independently varying elder's age (40- vs. 70-years) and speech style (neutral vs. non-listening vs. disapproving vs. parental). Participants were required to evaluate both vignette-targets. As expected, the patronizing elders were negatively perceived. An evaluative hierarchy differentiated between the three patronizing forms, and in ways that differed depending on the nature of the judgmental task. Content analyses of open-ended data also revealed interesting differences in interpretive responses to the various vignette conditions.
IL-4 suppresses the responses to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation and increases the permissiveness to retroviral infection of murine conventional dendritic cells.

Th2-inducing pathological conditions such as parasitic diseases increase susceptibility to viral infections through yet unclear mechanisms. We have previously reported that IL-4, a pivotal Th2 cytokine, suppresses the response of murine bone-marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and splenic DCs to Type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we analyzed cDC responses to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, R848 and CpGs, respectively. We found that IL-4 suppressed the gene expression of IFNβ and IFN-responsive genes (IRGs) upon TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation. IL-4 also inhibited IFN-dependent MHC Class I expression and amplification of IFN signaling pathways triggered upon TLR stimulation, as indicated by the suppression of IRF7 and STAT2. Moreover, IL-4 suppressed TLR7- and TLR9-induced cDC production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-12p70 and IL-6 by inhibiting IFN-dependent and NFκB-dependent responses. IL-4 similarly suppressed TLR responses in splenic DCs. IL-4 inhibition of IRGs and pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation was STAT6-dependent, since DCs from STAT6-KO mice were resistant to the IL-4 suppression. Analysis of SOCS molecules (SOCS1, −2 and −3) showed that IL-4 induces SOCS1 and SOCS2 in a STAT6 dependent manner and suggest that IL-4 suppression could be mediated by SOCS molecules, in particular SOCS2. IL-4 also decreased the IFN response and increased permissiveness to viral infection of cDCs exposed to a HIV-based lentivirus. Our results indicate that IL-4 modulates and counteracts pro-inflammatory stimulation induced by TLR7 and TLR9 and it may negatively affect responses against viruses and intracellular parasites.
Criminal Behavior and Rapid Community Growth: Examining the Evidence1

Sociologists have disagreed sharply over whether rapid, resource-related community growth leads to disproportionate increases in criminal activities. Enough studies have now accumulated, however, to permit a more comprehensive assessment. The existing studies fall into three categories. The first two, which employ county-level data and victimization surveys, have encountered inconclusive and mixed results. By contrast, the 23 before-and-after comparisons in specific communities have been highly consistent: All but 2 of the 23 report greater increases in criminal activity than in population (p <.0001 by the sign test). The mean ratio of increased crime to increased population is over 4.4 to 1; regression analyses lead to more conservative ratios ranging as low as 3.2 to 1 and as high as 3.6 to 1. Despite considerable variations in approaches, methods, and study communities, sufficiently consistent findings show that simple regression equations explain 85–98 percent of the variance. The weight of the accumulated evidence indicates that increases in criminal behaviors are significantly more than proportional to increases in populations in rapid-growth communities. Data from other studies would argue against a generic “social pathology” hypothesis; instead, the accumulated findings may best be explained by narrowly focusing on changes in community social structure that accompany rapid growth and result in impairment of informal social controls, particularly the declines in a community's density of acquaintanceship.
Ion Pair Formation in Multiphoton Excitation of NO2 Using Linearly and Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Light Pulses: Kinetic Energy Distribution and Fragment Recoil Anisotropy†

The NO2 ion pair photodissociation dynamics leading to NO+(X1Σ+,v) + O−(2P3/2 or 2P1/2), induced by a 1 kHz femtosecond laser with wavelengths near 400 nm, has been characterized using the coincidence vector correlation method. The ion pair production after four-photon absorption reaches more than 15% of the primary ionization. The kinetic energy release of the fragments demonstrates a significant vibrational excitation of the NO+(X1Σ+,v) molecular fragment. Recoil ion fragment emission is strongly aligned along the polarization axis of linearly polarized light or preferentially emitted in the plane perpendicular to the propagation axis of circularly polarized light. The formalism describing the recoil anisotropy for bound-to-bound n-photon transition inducing prompt axial recoil dissociation of a nonlinear molecule has been developed to interpret the measured anisotropies in terms of excitation pathways via near-resonant intermediate states of specific symmetries. Possible reaction pathways are discussed...
The effect of particle size frequency distribution of the substratum on the burrowing ability of Chiridota rigida (Semper) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Chiridota rigida (Semper) burrows easily into well‐sorted substrata, moving between particles in coarse substrata and pushing aside particles in fine substrata. Chiridota rigida does not burrow easily into poorly sorted substrata because spaces which can be penetrated are not available and because the particles cannot be moved as a result of increased stability of the substratum. In poorly sorted substrata, burrowing ability increases with increases in the proportion of fine particles. It would appear that the distribution and abundance of Chiridota rigida and other chiridotids would be affected by the effect of the substratum on their ability to burrow.
Effectiveness of a Physician Reminder Program for Smoking Cessation.

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the most effective strategy to promote smoking cessation is for the physician to provide brief, simple counseling for the patient. The effectiveness of a Reminder Program for physicians to counsel adult and adolescent smokers was assessed. Twenty-two resident
Molecular Basis for Immune Recognition of Exposed Phosphatidylserine via the Tim Family of Proteins

The immune system recognizes a vast array of chemical signatures as antigens although historically most research has focused more exclusively on protein/protein recognition. More recently it has been appreciated that lipids can also be a potent stimulus for an immune response, both in the context of lipid-presenting molecules (CD1), and as a component of the cell's plasma membrane(phosphatidylserine receptors). We are studying the molecular mechanisms by which a family of 3 unique phosphatidylserine receptors (Tim family) can directly recognize “out of context” components of the lipid membrane and how this recognition process then stimulates an appropriate immune response. In these results we have employed a variety of biophysical techniques to elucidate the molecular details of how the Tims recognize immunogenic cellular membranes. Specifically, we are investigating protein orientation and depth of membrane insertion via x-ray reflectometry measurements in combination with advanced analysis techniques to utilize existing protein crystal structure information for improved fitting refinement. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy is employed to explore both strength of binding and specificity with respect to membrane composition.
Travel, tourism and art

This is a lovely book on artistic representations of the tourism and travel industries and their impacts from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Along with the informative, descriptive ...
Inactivation of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2Q2 causes a prophase arrest and enhanced apoptosis in response to microtubule inhibiting agents

A putative ubiquitin conjugating enzyme known as UBE2Q2 was previously identified in a microarray screen for mitotic regulatory proteins. UBE2Q2 is very similar to another human protein, UBE2Q1 and orthologs from other higher eukaryotic species. In these studies, we demonstrate that UBE2Q2 can covalently bind ubiquitin on the active site cysteine in vitro and show that inhibition of this protein in vivo causes an early mitotic arrest and increased cytotoxicity when cells are treated with microtubule inhibiting agents (MIAs). Changes in cell cycle progression and viability are not observed in the absence of MIA treatment, indicating that UBE2Q2 is involved in the response to MIAs rather than performing a more general function in mitosis. Inhibition of the UBE2Q2 protein causes cells to undergo a prolonged prophase arrest suggesting that UBE2Q2 normally functions to antagonize an early mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, UBE2Q2 inhibition sensitizes cells to the cytotoxic effects of MIAs through caspase-mediated apoptosis that is correlated with PARP-1 cleavage. These data provide insights into the cellular response to MIAs and demonstrate that inhibition of UBE2Q2 protein function may be useful in the treatment of malignancies.
Typicality of Inanimate Category Exemplars in Aphasia Treatment: Further Evidence for Semantic Complexity

Purpose The typicality treatment approach on improving naming was investigated within 2 inanimate categories (furniture and clothing) using a single-subject experimental design across participants ...
Shifting the boundaries: Teachers challenge contemporary curriculum thought

In the summer of 1986, I joined five graduate students in a picnic lunch to celebrate the end of our coursework together. During that extended lunch, we talked about a number of issues that had emerged in our various classes together in curriculum theory and qualitative research. By the close of that afternoon, with the summer sun burning low on our backs, we agreed to continue our conversations in an informal and unofficial way. We have been talking together now for 6 years.1 As we continue our meetings, discussions, and individual as well as dialogue journal writing, I am acutely aware of just how much I have learned from our interactions, reflections, and confrontations with one another. Here, I want to sketch some of those learnings and to discuss how aspects of contemporary curriculum discourses as well as our collaborative inquires have enabled those learnings to occur.
Cimetidine-induced alterations in desipramine plasma concentrations

Concurrent administration of cimetidine for 4 days to eight patients taking maintenance doses of desipramine led to significant elevations of desipramine (P<0.001) and its hydroxylated metabolite 2-hydroxydesipramine (P<0.001). The mean increase in desipramine plasma levels was 51% and that for 2-hydroxydesipramine was 46%. The present results suggest that tricyclic antidepressant plasma level monitoring might be indicated for certain patients taking concurrent cimetidine and desipramine.
Radioprotection in mice following oral delivery of amifostine nanoparticles.

Purpose: Amifostine (Ethyol®) is an approved cytoprotective agent prescribed to reduce certain side-effects in the chemotherapy of ovarian or non-small cell lung cancer, or in radiation treatment of head-and-neck cancer. The usefulness of this drug is further hampered, because it is not effective when given orally. The objective of this part of the project was to evaluate the radioprotective efficacy of orally active amifostine nanoparticles.Materials and methods: Radioprotective efficacy was evaluated by measuring the ability of the amifostine nanoparticles (equivalent to 500 mg/Kg) to inhibit whole-body gamma irradiation -induced injury in mice. All mice received acute whole-body gamma irradiation from a Cesium-137 source and the radioprotective efficacy of the formulation was determined by measuring 30-day survival at 9 Gy, bone marrow hemopoeitic progenitor cell survival at 9 Gy and 8 Gy, and intestinal crypt cell survival at 11 Gy.Results: Thirty-day survival, hemopoietic progenitor cell survival, as...
Laparoscopic management of a 20-cm ovarian cyst in a patient with a BMI of 70: a case report

A woman in her mid-40s with a body mass index (BMI) of 70 presented with lower abdominal pain of 24-h duration. The trans-abdominal scan revealed a large cystic ovarian mass. Laparoscopic salpingo-oophrectomy was performed by placing six ports in the upper abdomen; initial Verres needle entry and pneumoperitoneum were established through the left upper quadrant. A low CA-125 and the benign appearance of the ovary allowed the operation to continue laparoscopically with fewer perioperative complications. The histology of the specimen demonstrated a benign epithelial serous cystadenoma of the ovary with torsion.
An amplified insect dihydrofolate reductase gene contains a single intron

We have used methotrexate-resistant mosquito (Aedes albopictus) cells as the source of DNA for cloning an 8.5-kb EcoRI fragment containing an amplified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. An estimated 1200 copies of the DHFR gene were represented in nuclear DNA from Mtx-5011-256 cells, which were 3000-fold more resistant to methotrexate than wild-type cells. Southern blot analysis indicated that all of the amplified DHFR genes were contained within a 1.8-kb AccI fragment represented in the cloned DNA. In contrast to mammalian DHFR genes which span approximately 30 kb, the complete amino acid coding sequence of the mosquito DHFR gene spanned 614 nucleotides, including a single 56-nucleotide intron that interrupted a conserved Arg codon at amino acid position 27. Additional introns characteristic of mammalian DHFR genes were absent; conservation of the first intron in the mosquito DHFR gene supports a regulatory role for this intron. The mosquito DHFR gene coded for a 186-amino-acid protein with 43–48% similarity to vertebrate DHFR.
New Bcr-Abl inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia: keeping resistance in check

Targeted therapy with the Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib has markedly improved the outlook for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Breakpoint cluster region (Bcr)-Abl signaling is reactivated at the time of resistance, predominantly due to mutations in the kinase domain of Bcr-Abl that interfere with drug binding. This discovery prompted the development of new Abl kinase inhibitors, among which nilotinib and dasatinib have gained regulatory approval. Despite excellent results in patients with imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant CML treated with nilotinib or dasatinib, early indications suggest that: the cross-resistant Bcr-Abl(T315I) mutant is disproportionately represented among patients who relapse on these therapies; each Abl inhibitor exhibits vulnerabilities to certain kinase domain mutations. We review new inhibitors of Bcr-Abl, including preliminary information on inhibitors of Bcr-Abl(T315I) and discuss the potential of combined Abl kinase inhibitor therapy to preempt resistance. Improved Abl inhibitor therapies will be useful in achieving maximum disease control but a clinical T315I inhibitor remains a high priority.
Abnormalities in the Fibrinolytic System of the Vascular Wall Associated with Atherosclerosis

In summary, studies of the expression of fibrinolytic genes in the vessel wall suggest an active, ongoing proteolytic process, the activity of which is dependent on the relative amounts of tPA, uPA, and PAI-1 secreted and locally deposited. Disturbances in the balance of pro- and antifibrinolytic activity in atherosclerotic vessels have considerable potential for influencing both intra- and extravascular fibrinolytic events and may be causally related to the development of vascular disease.
Lung isolation during Port-Access cardiac surgery: Double-lumen endotracheal tube versus single-lumen endotracheal tube with a bronchial blocker

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube to a single-lumen tube combined with a bronchial blocker for lung isolation during Port-Access cardiac surgery. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting Tertiary care university hospital. Participants Thirty-two patients undergoing Port-Access cardiac surgery via a right minithoracotomy. Interventions Patients were randomized to intubation with either a left-sided double-lumen tube (double-lumen group) or a single-lumen tube with concomitant use of a bronchial blocker (blocker group). Comparisons between groups included (1) intubation time, (2) number of laryngoscopy attempts, (3) time required for tube exchange at the end of the operation, and (4) surgical satisfaction with the lung deflation (1–5 scale: 5 = excellent). Measurements and main results The initial intubation time was similar between groups (118 ± 82 seconds, double-lumen v 144 ± 32 seconds, blocker; p = 0.2781). An additional 105 ± 37 seconds was needed to exchange the double-lumen tube at the end of the operation. The double-lumen group also required more laryngoscopy attempts compared with the blocker group (2.3 ± 0.6, double-lumen v 1.1 ± 0.4, blocker; p = 0.0001). The lung deflation was better in the double-lumen group (5 [4–5], double-lumen v 4 [3–5], blocker, p = 0.0414). Conclusions Compared with a single-lumen tube/bronchial blocker combination the double-lumen endotracheal tube required more laryngoscopy attempts and additional time to replace the tube at the end of the case but resulted in slightly better overall lung deflation.
A binocular contribution to the production of optokinetic nystagmus in normal and stereoblind subjects

Viewing a large patterned field moving in one direction produces a regular pattern of eye movements known as optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Fox et al. (1978) showed that the mechanism producing OKN can utilize purely binocular or 'cyclopean' input. Experiments reported confirm that finding and extend it to demonstrate that the binocularity of this mechanism is not disrupted in subjects who lack stereopsis. This result indicates that there exists more than one binocular process in the visual system.
Child-parent psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the durability of improvement in child and maternal symptoms 6 months after termination of child-parent psychotherapy (CPP). Method: Seventy-five multiethnic preschool-age child-mother dyads from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were randomly assigned to (1) CPP or (2) case management plus community referral for individual treatment. Children were 3 to 5 years old. Follow-up assessments were conducted 6 months after the end of a 1-year treatment period. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Checklist Revised to assess child's and mother's symptoms. Results: For treatment completers, general linear model (GLM) repeated-measures analyses support the durability of CPP with significant group × time interactions for children's total behavior problems and mothers′ general distress. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed similar findings for children's behavior problems but were not significant for maternal symptoms. Conclusions: The findings provide additional evidence of the efficacy and durability of CPP with this population and highlight the importance of a relationship focus in the treatment of traumatized preschoolers.
Training Group Leaders in Ethical Decision Making.

Abstract The authors describe a method for training group leaders in ethical decision making using ASGW's ethical guidelines, case vignettes, and Carkhuffs three goals of helping.
Pupillary dilation and tropicamide.

Excerpt To the editor: Steinmann and colleagues (1) have reviewed the benefits and limitations of funduscopic screening by the primary care practitioner and have shown that instilling one drop of 1...
Rearing in Enriched Hatchery Tanks Improves Dorsal Fin Quality of Juvenile Steelhead

Abstract The present study compared the dorsal fin condition of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in conventional hatchery tanks, enriched hatchery tanks (i.e., with the addition of submerged structure, overhead cover, and underwater feeders), and a natural stream to determine whether structural enrichment would reduce dorsal fin erosion in hatchery-reared fish. Dorsal fin height at 27 d postemergence did not differ significantly between the two hatchery rearing treatments. Steelhead reared in the conventional tanks had dorsal fins 78% as long as steelhead reared in enriched tanks and in the natural stream at 50 d postemergence (P < 0.05) and 45–55% as long at 64 d postemergence (P < 0.05). Variation in fin length did not substantially affect the ability to achieve dominance in agonistic contests for feeding territories; fish with longer dorsal fins won approximately 57% of contests against fish with fins that were 25% shorter on average. Rearing methods (such as structural enrichment), that s...
Chemosensory Neurons Function in Parallel to Mediate a Pheromone Response in C. elegans

Abstract Formation of the C. elegans dauer larva is repressed by the chemosensory neurons ADF, ASI, and ASG. Mutant analysis has defined two parallel genetic pathways that control dauer formation. By killing neurons in these mutants, we show that mutations in one of these genetic pathways disrupt dauer repression by ADF, ASI, and ASG. One gene in this pathway is daf-7 , which encodes a TGFβ-related protein. We find that daf-7::GFP fusions are expressed specifically in ASI and that expression is regulated by dauer-inducing sensory stimuli. We also show that a different chemosensory neuron, ASJ, functions in parallel to these neurons to induce dauer formation. Mutations in the second genetic pathway activate dauer formation in an ASJ-dependent manner. Thus, the genetic redundancy in this process is reflected at the neuronal level.
Development of a shoreline rhythm, Outer Banks of North Carolina

Abstract A shoreline rhythm was studied at Duck, North Carolina, during June of 1980 and 1981. The results of both studies show that the shoreline rhythm developed when small waves, approaching the shoreline at an oblique angle, rebuilt the beach following an erosional event; storm waves, on the other hand, eroded the rhythm. When the shore was being rebuilt, small waves and associated longshore currents reshaped the nearshore topography from a shoal to a longshore bar; one end of the bar became attached to the beach and in turn caused an increase in the horizontal distance between the tip of the horn and the adjacent bay of the rhythm (twice-amplitude). As more sediments were transported from the nearshore and deposited on the horn, twice-amplitude continued to increase. However, as the beach prograded at the horn, the beach located at adjacent bays did not rebuild nor was it eroded. Because rip currents were noted in bay regions of the rhythm, it is suggested that these currents prevented nearshore sediments from being transported and deposited on bay beaches. Thus, the increase of the rhythm amplitude was caused more by deposition occurring at the horn than of erosion taking place in the adjacent bays.
Psychometric evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS).

Abstract The Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) is a semi-structured, clinician-rated measure of current BDD severity used in many BDD studies, but only one previous study has examined its psychometric properties. We examined the BDD-YBOCS׳s psychometric properties in 200 BDD subjects from a prospective, observational study. Test–retest reliability (n=64) and sensitivity to change with SRI treatment (n=63) were examined in subjects from serotonin-reuptake inhibitor efficacy studies in BDD. Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated excellent interrater and test–retest reliability; internal consistency was strong. Principal components factor analysis identified two factors accounting for 66% of the variance. Analyses with measures of depression, social phobia, and global symptoms/psychosocial functioning indicated good convergent and discriminant validity. Mean BDD-YBOCS scores significantly decreased with treatment, indicating sensitivity to change. A ≥30% decrease in BDD-YBOCS score corresponded well to at least “much improved”, and ≥50% to “very much improved”, on the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement scale. These results provide additional support for the BDD-YBOCS׳s psychometric properties.
Enhanced-Rise-Time Bremsstrahlung Aurora Environment

The technique of beam nose erosion has been employed at the Aurora flash x-ray machine to obtain a modified bremsstrahlung pulse with a shorter rise time. When the Aurora is operated in its conventional mode the individual thick target bremsstrahlung sources each have a rise time of about 40 to 50 nanoseconds. The modifications described here involve the insertion of a beam erosion chamber between one of the four anodes and its bremsstrahlung target. Bremsstrahlung rise times varied, depending on the anode-cathode gap and the chamber pressures, between 10 nanoseconds and 100 nanoseconds.
The recoverable compliance of amorphous materials

Abstract The viscosity, η, and the recoverable compliance, J r ( t ), of three super-cooled liquids have been determined in the neighborhood of the glass temperature, T g , and at high temperatures. The liquids were a chlorinated biphenyl, Monsanto Aroclor 1248, bis(m-(m-phenoxy phenoxy) phenyl)ether, and 1,2 diphenyl benzene, which is commonly called ortho terphenyl. Bona fide T g s for these liquids were determined from dilatometric cooling measurements. The recoverable compliances were a linear function of the cube root of the time at short times. This linearity is called Andrade creep. At longer times, steady-state recoverable compliances were achieved. Within the limits of confidence of the T g s, the viscosities and the Andrade coefficients at T g were the same. Other amorphous materials have similar Andrade coefficients, but polymers have differing viscosities at T g .
Kinetic Inductance Phonon Sensors for the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment

An important challenge faced by phonon-mediated detectors for the next generation of dark matter detectors (>100 kg) is to instrument large target mass at low cost, while maintaining the large background suppression offered by the combination of phonons and ionization (or scintillation) measurement. Kinetic inductance phonon sensors, operating far below the superconducting transition temperature, offer an interesting solution to this scaling problem. They do not critically depend on the uniformity of T c and their resonant-cavity readout is easy to multiplex. We are studying a microstrip (two parallel planes) transmission line architecture that may offer the additional advantage of a separation of functions: the main detector is just covered by an unpatterned aluminum film and the number of quasi-particles created in it by athermal phonons are sensed by a second film, which has been independently patterned and is mounted a few microns away from the detector. We present current results on the responsivity and noise of large area (∼33 mm2) microstrip kinetic inductance phonon sensors.
Analysis of mutagenesis induced by expression of retroviral reverse transcriptase in Escherichia coli

We showed that expression of reverse transcriptase from HIV or MuLV resulted in exceptionally high levels of mutagenesis in E. coli. We observed high rates of mutagenesis in plasmid genes when reverse transcriptase was expressed off that plasmid. Although very high rates were observed in cis, our experiments could not detect mutagenic events in markers in other replicons (ie in trans). These results suggest mutagenic events occur preferentially on the same replicon in which the reverse transcriptase is encoded.
Film-facilitated arousal and prosocial behavior

Abstract The present investigation sought to test the applicability of the excitation transfer model (P. Tannenbaum & D. Zillmann. In L. Berkowitz, Ed., Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 8, New York: Academic Press 1975) to prosocial behavior. This model predicts that for individuals predisposed to act prosocially, arousal transferred from an unrelated source will facilitate such behavior. Two studies were conducted in which male college students, treated in either a positive or neutral manner and shown an arousing erotic or nonarousing control film, ostensibly rewarded and punished a confederate for performance on a memory task. Contrary to predictions, the first experiment found the arousing film increased reward regardless of treatment. In the second experiment, where the neutral treatment was given a more negative tone, the predicted interaction was found. Specifically, subjects treated in a positive manner and shown an arousing film were significantly more rewarding than were similarly treated subjects shown the nonarousing film. While type of film had no effect on neutral subjects' reward behavior, the arousing film did increase their punitive behavior. These results, coupled with physiological and self-report data, strongly support the excitation transfer model.
Improved pacing tolerance of the ischemic human myocardium after administration of carnitine

The possibility that DL-carnitine has a protective effect during myocardial ischemia was evaluated by performing two rapid coronary sinus pacing studies 15 minutes apart in 21 patients with coronary artery disease. Eleven patients received DL-carnitine (20 or 40 mg/kg) before the second pacing study. The treated group had a significant increase in mean heart rate (12.5 beats/min, P P P P P
Synchronic Bayesian updating and the Sleeping Beauty problem: reply to Pust

I maintain, in defending “thirdism,” that Sleeping Beauty should do Bayesian updating after assigning the “preliminary probability” 1/4 to the statement S: “Today is Tuesday and the coin flip is heads.” (This preliminary probability obtains relative to a specific proper subset I of her available information.) Pust objects that her preliminary probability for S is really zero, because she could not be in an epistemic situation in which S is true. I reply that the impossibility of being in such an epistemic situation is irrelevant, because relative to I, statement S nonetheless has degree of evidential support 1/4.
A neuroimmunoregulatory-like mechanism responding to stress in the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis

Mytilus edulis has been the subject of recent studies to determine whether the relationship between the immune and nervous systems seen in vertebrates also exists in invertebrates. In the present study the effects of experimentally induced “stressful” stimuli on immunoactive hemocytes were studied in this mollusc. This subpopulation of invertebrate blood cells, resembling vertebrate granulocytes, has been previously shown to produce and react to opioid peptides. Their activation, like that of vertebrate immunocytes, expresses itself in distinctive conformational changes preceding cellular mobilization. The cellular response to “stress” observed is the same as that to the administration of exogenous mammalian opioid peptides. This strongly suggests that under the conditions of stressful stimuli, the immune/defense system can be alerted by endogenous neuropeptides. The involvement of opioids in neuroimmunoregulatory phenomena appears to have a long evolutionary history.
EnPassant: anonymous routing for disruption-tolerant networks with applications in assistive environments

Disruption-tolerant networking holds a great deal of potential for making communications easier and more flexible in pervasive assistive environments. However, security and privacy must be addressed to make these communications acceptable with respect to protecting patient privacy. We propose EnPassant, a system for using disruption-tolerant networking in privacy-preserving way. EnPassant uses concepts from anonymous communications, re-routing messages through groups of peer nodes to hide the relation between the sources and destinations. We describe a set of protocols that explore a practical range of tradeoffs between privacy and communication costs by modifying how closely the protocol adheres to the optimal predicted path. We also describe the cryptographic tools needed to facilitate changes in-group membership. Finally, we present the results of extensive trace-based simulation experiments that allow us to both compare between our proposed protocols and observe the costs of increasing the number of groups and intermediate nodes in a path. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide and proglumide injected intrathecally on antinociception induced by β-endorphin and morphine administered intracerebroventricularly in mice

Abstract The effects of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8s) and CCK-8s antagonist, proglumide, given intrathecally (i.t.) on inhibition of the tail-flick and hot-plate paw-licking responses induced by β-endorphin and morphine given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) were studied in male ICR mice. Both CCK-8s (up to 0.5 ng) and proglumide (up to 10 μg) injected alone did not affect significantly the control latencies of the tail-flick and paw-licking responses. I.t. injection of CCK-8s as doses from 0.125 to 0.5 ng dose dependently attenuated inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin. The antagonistic effect of CCK-8s on β-endorphin-induced inhibition was blocked by the co-i.t. injection of proglumide (0.1–1 μg) in a dose-dependent manner. High doses 2.5–10 μg) of proglumide given i.t. dose dependently enhanced inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin. However, i.t. injection of CCK-8s and proglumide did not affect inhibition of the paw-licking response induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin. The inhibitions of the tail-flick and paw-licking responses induced by i.c.v. administered morphine were not affected by i.t. injection of CCK-8s or proglumide. Our results suggest that CCK-8s in the spinal cord may play an important modulatory role in attenuating the descending pain inhibition induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin but not morphine.
Bacteriological flora of the brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) from a hypersaline pond in San Francisco Bay, California

Abstract Samples of subadult to adult brine shrimp ( Artemia franciscana ) were obtained from salt pond N-4 at the San Francisco Bay, National Wildlife Refuge, California, over the course of two 6-month periods in 1992 and 1993. The bacteriological flora of brine shrimp were identified using the Biolog GN Microplate system (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA). Of the bacteria identified, only normal enteric and marine flora was found, none of which serve as primary pathogens. These data indicate that the bacterial flora found in brine shrimp changes with fluctuations in salinity levels. At the higher salinity levels only the more halophilic bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. were found, while at lower salinity levels a progressively larger number of enteric flora was identified.
Henry George and British Socialism

. Henrys George, the American social reformer and Single Tax advocate, had a decisive impact on native British socialism considered apart from the Marxist and revolutionary types imported from the continent. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were hostile critics but the typically English Fabian Society was influenced by George's seminal ideas. The Fabians were especially attracted to two notions: the conception that George gave to the thought of his time, that poverty was an evil preventable by political intervention—by State action; and that the disparity in incomes could be explained by the theory of unearned increment. In turn Sydney Olivier, George Bernard Shaw, Sidney Webb, Annie Besant, H. G. Wells and E, R. Pease came under the influence of George. Soon to affect the Fabians, however, was the development of the economist, P. H. Wicksteed, beyond George to Jenons and Marginalism. Key figures in the Parliamentary and Independent Labour parties almost achieved land value taxation.
Yearly averaged light trapping for thin films

A light trapping method is proposed making use of non-tracking concentrators taking into account the solar resource over an entire year. The maximum concentration achievable was calculated to be 4.6 for a PV cell embedded in glass. This method was applied to thin film solar cells, in particular aSi and CIGS solar cells. The aSi stack consisted of ZnO, aSi, and ZnO, while the CIGS stack consisted of AZO, ZnO, CdS, CIGS, with a 30% Ga content. Simulations and optimisation routines were run to estimate the best thickness and CPC concentrator parameters. The parameter to be optimised was the total AmpHours collected over an entire year for a location in Southern California. It was found that the CPC needs to accept as broadly as possible and the thickness of the films were determined at 110nm for aSi and 1500nm for CIGS.
Moisture condition in the South‐Eastern USA and teleconnection patterns

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the moisture condition and teleconnection patterns including the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The February and August Palmer's Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was used to represent the moisture condition of the cold and warm seasons in the south-eastern USA. The teleconnection patterns were represented by the indices of PNAI, NAOI, and SOI. Composite maps for extreme values of the teleconnection indices revealed that spatial variation in the moisture condition is associated with different phases of the teleconnection patterns. Correlation analysis indicated that the PNA, NAO, and ENSO are related mostly to the subregional moisture conditions. Principal component analysis defined subregions of homogeneous moisture regimes. Then regression analysis was performed on the scores of the principal components of the February and August PDSI, using the teleconnection indices as the independent variables. The area with its cold-season moisture condition best explained by the teleconnection patterns is central and south Florida. The teleconnection indices also explained significant portions of the variation in the cold-season moisture condition of Mississippi and Tennessee. The teleconnection patterns in the previous autumn probably can be used to predict the moisture condition in the following winter. Compared with the cold season, the summer teleconnection patterns are less strongly related to the warm-season moisture condition. Nevertheless, the relationships between the moisture condition and the teleconnection patterns are significant statistically. In addition, the teleconnection patterns in the previous spring offered some explanations to the spatial patterns in the warm-season moisture condition in the region.
Populist Military Regimes In West Africa

Recent events in three West African states-Ghana, Liberia, and Upper Volta-raise questions as to whether there has been a change in the nature of military coups and military regimes in Africa. All three regimes started off as "populist'"; that is, leaders tried to have direct contact with followers, attacked established institutions, and showed impatience with formal legality and established hierarchies. But in Upper Volta and Ghana, the caste nature of the military was itself called into question. This did not happen in Liberia, and the country quickly moved back toward a personalistic, conventional-type military regime. This essay explores the limits of the innovations which have occurred in Ghana and Upper Volta; it also assesses the meanings of these experiments for the possible evolution of African regimes by making comparisons among the three cases, as well as between them and Afro-Marxist regimes.
Spray application parameters that influence the growth inhibiting effects of trinexapac-ethyl

Trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-α -hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] is a foliar absorbed, cyclohexanedione turfgrass growth regulator that can inhibit shoot growth in numerous turfgrass species. However, observed antagonisms, based on spray application parameters for other cyclohexanedione agrichemicals are a cause for concern in achieving maximum efficacy. Greenhouse studies were conducted with trinexapac-ethyl to investigate the effects of adjuvants, hard water, rainfastness, photolability, and spray carrier volume on efficacy such that efficacy might be maximized. Results were compared to those obtained with the cyclohexanedione herbicide, sethoxydim {2 -[1-ethyoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3 -hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one], to illustrate any similarities in observed antagonism patterns. Studies with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostispalustris Huds.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) showed that the adjuvant combination of Sylgard 309 plus 28% (w/v) urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) could significantly enhance the efficacy of trinexapac-ethyl when applied at or below 0.382 kg ha -1 . Ammonium sulfate compensated for reductions in both trinexapac-ethyl and sethoxydim activity on perennial ryegrass when hard water was the carrier. Ammonium sulfate increased the rainfastness of trinexapac-ethyl on perennial ryegrass to a greater extent than did Sylgard 309 while the rainfastness of sethoxydim was only increased with Sylgard 309. Photolability of formulated trinexapac-ethyl on perennial ryegrass was not observed to be a liability. Increasing spray carrier volume did not significantly influence the efficacy of trinexapac-ethyl on perennial ryegrass, although efficacy enhancements observed with additions of ammonium sulfate were only apparent at low volumes. The impact of ammonium salts on trinexapac-ethyl activity has a broad range of implications for applications of this growth regulator.
Ab initio structural predictions for ultrathin aluminum oxide films on metallic substrates

On several metallic substrates, first-principles density-functional calculations of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 5--7 \AA{} films predict a structure, stabilized by interfacial electrostatics, which has no bulk counterpart. In two and three O-layer films, Al ions prefer distorted tetrahedral sites, over the normal octahedral sites. The film/substrate interface is found to consist of strongly chemisorbed oxygen and is the determining factor in geometry; these oxygens are only weakly perturbed by the presence of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ overlayers. In an experimentally relevant film (two O layers, as on NiAl), Al ions are nearly coplanar with surface O ions; thus observing ``oxygen termination'' does not indicate a polar surface. As a test case, we find Pt overlayers bind similarly as to $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3},$ suggesting these films may indeed be useful models for thicker materials.