cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Death Delayed is Retribution Denied

Does death row incarceration for upwards of thirty years or more impermissibly impose the suffering of additional punishment or permissibly bestow the benefit of death delayed and thus the enjoyment of life extended? Most commentators conceive of it as an unconstitutional additional punishment that is either cruel and unusual or disproportionally excessive. Most courts construe it as a constitutional nonpunishment that the death row prisoner opts for and benefits from. Sparking a long-running debate at the Supreme Court, Justices Stevens and Breyer view prolonged death row incarceration as unconstitutional additional punishment. Terming their view as “meritless” and “a mockery of our system of justice,” Justice Thomas finds it constitutional. Attempting to break this impasse, this Article undertakes the first comprehensive assessment of death row incarceration under what the Supreme Court enthrones as the primary justification for the constitutionality of capital punishment — retributivism. Assuming that retributivism does justify capital punishment per se, this Article demonstrates that the combination of capital punishment plus substantial death row incarceration violates retributivism. Whether such incarceration constitutes additional punishment aggravating capital punishment or a life-extending, beneficial mitigation of capital punishment, the combination is unjustified under retributivism and thus perhaps unconstitutional.
Sequential Functions on Indexed Domains and Full Abstraction for a Sub-Language of PCF

We present a general semantic framework of sequential functions on domains equipped with a parameterized notion of incremental sequential computation. Under the simplifying assumption that computation over function spaces proceeds by successive application to constants, we construct a sequential semantic model for a non-trivial sub-language of PCF with a corresponding syntactic restriction --- that variables of function type may only be applied to closed terms. We show that the model is fully abstract for the sub-language, with respect to the usual notion of program behavior.
Estrogen metabolism as measured in blood and urine in female rhesus monkeys.

Abstract In order to measure the interconversions of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) and their conversion to the 16α-hydroxylated estrogens, 16α-hydroxy estrone (16α-OHE1) and estriol (E3), we infused 11 female rhesus monkeys with [ 3 H]E2 and [ 14 C]E1 and measured radioactivity in the blood as E1, E2 and 16α-OHE1 ( n = 9) and in the urine as the glucuronides of E1, E2, 16α-OHE1, and E3 ( n = 11). The mean conversion of E1 to E2 as measured in blood (percent of infused E1 measured in blood as E2, [ρ] BB 1,2 ) was 29.2 ± 1.6% and as measured in the urine of the same animals, [ρ] BM 1,2 , was 77.4 ± 5.9%. The mean conversion of E2 to E1, [ρ] BB 2,1 was 21.5 ± 1.0% and as measured in urine, [ρ] BM 2,1 was 67.7 ± 4.6%. Thus for both estrone and estradiol only 30–35% of the interconversions occurred in pools which were in equilibrium with the blood pool of these estrogens. The remaining 65–70% occurred in a pool, probably liver, in which glucuronidation occurred immediately after conversion. The conversion ratios (the ratio of the concentration in the blood of radioactivity as 16α-OHE1 to its precursor, CR Prec, 16α-OHEI ) was 0.036 + 0.008 for CR E1, 16α-OHE1 and 0.0039 ± 0.0010 for CR E2, 16α-OHE1 . The percentages of administered E1 excreted in the urine as the glucuronides of E1, E2, 16α-OHE1 and E3 were 20.1 ± 1.5, 1.6 ± 0.2, 0.96 ± 0.20 and 0.76 ± 0.07 respectively. The percentages of administered E2 excreted in the urine as E1, E2, 16α-OHE1 and E3 were 14.4 ± 1.0, 2.2 ± 0.3, 0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.68 ± 0.11 respectively. Thus there are minor differences in the patterns of excreted metabolites of E1 and E2. Furthermore, 16α-OHE1 and E3 are not major metabolites of E1 or E2 in the female rhesus monkey.
In Vivo Nonviral Delivery Factors to Enhance Bone Repair

The purpose of the current study was to provide a review of a method for the nonviral delivery of genes into a skeletal defect for the purpose of promoting bone repair. To treat fractures at risk for delayed unions or nonunions, the delivery of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by a three-dimensional structural matrix is described. When these gene activated matrices are placed within a wound site, repair fibroblasts are observed migrating into the matrix where they encounter the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, take it up, and produce the protein that was defined by the plasmid. In varied animal models including rats, dogs, and sheep, the delivery of plasmids for parathyroid hormone or bone morphogenetic protein promoted bone formation and the healing of critical size defects. These studies show that the delivery of deoxyribonucleic acid to wound repair cells by three-dimensional matrix creates a persistent expression of factors that can promote bone formation.
Cyclodimerization of Alkynes with Phosphine-Free Ruthenium Carbene Complexes: Carbene Consumption by a Shunted Alkyne Oligomerization

A new cyclodimerization of ruthenium carbenes and alkynes is reported. The cyclodimerization produces substituted cyclopentadienes and consumes the carbene complex. Cyclodimerization of alkynes is predominant at low alkene concentrations and was found to be competitive with enyne metathesis. The presence of the ortho alkyl ether in the ruthenium carbene complex appears to be a critical determinant for the formation of cyclopentadienes. At higher alkene concentration, the observed cyclodimerization can be suppressed, favoring enyne metathesis.
What are specialists' ethical obligations when treating patients who refer themselves?

QAs a general dentist, from time to time I see a new patient who has had treatment from a dental specialist without also being under the care of a general dentist. Occasionally, the patient is unaware of additional treatment that he or she might need. For instance, the specialist may have placed an implant at an angle that compromised the restorative options or completed root canal treatment on a tooth that either requires crown lengthening or has a hopeless restorative prognosis. What are the ethical guidelines that a specialist should consider when a patient refers himself or herself for care?
Single-Molecule Imaging of AMPA and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Mammalian Cells

Here we present our recent advances in single molecule imaging of two membrane receptor proteins: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). AMPARs have roles in synaptic plasticity and post-stroke neuron survival. nAChRs play a key role in nicotine addiction. Both receptors are composed of multiple subunit types, the stoichiometry which may change in response to changing conditions. We succeeded in imaging both receptors in mammalian cells using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). To image AMPARs, we transfect COS-7 cells with pHlourin-GluR2 (pHluorin is a pH-sensitive GFP mutant; pHlourin-GluR2 receptors are homotetrameric AMPARs with pHlourin in the extracellular domain). At the end of the secretory pathway, AMPARs move to the cell surface in vesicles with a low pH lumen, which lowers pHluorin fluorescence. When vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, the pH increases, and pHluorin's fluorescence brightens. To reduce fluorophore density so as to easily distinguish individual fluorescent receptors, we allow the visible fluorophores to photobleach under TIRFM laser excitation, followed by resting the cells for 2 minutes. During this time, new AMPARs are transported to the cell membrane via small vesicle transport. The cells are again imaged using TIRFM, identifying individual fluorescent receptors. This technique also has the advantage of reducing autofluorescent background from the cell. Similarly, we image nAChRs using HEK-293 cells transfected with chimaeric α7-5HT3 subunits, which form homopentameric nAChRs. We label the channels on the cell surface using tetramethyl-rhodamine-bungarotoxin, which binds tightly to nAChRs. We again use our photobleach-rest-image technique, but in this case new fluorescent nAChRs appear by diffusing from the top cell surface to the bottom, TIRFM-illuminated surface. We are now in the process of looking for multi-step photobleaching events that should correspond to the number of receptor subunits.
Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for SLE

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease with significant morbidity and mortality. No new medications have been approved to treat this disease in the past 30 years and the current standard of care is inadequate. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE have led, however, to the development of new, more targeted drugs. This article summarizes the novel therapies that are being tested in SLE patients to arrest disease progression and restore physiological immune responses.
Language as Power for Hispanic Students in Higher Education.

Hispanic students often experience discomfort as they enter institutions of higher education. Designed to increase their comfort and success, a new program at the University of Texas at El Paso offers English-Spanish background students opportunities to excel in both languages and helps them develop new attitudes about the academic and professional power of dual language abilities. This model program has implications for all institutions with significant Hispanic populations.
Cytoplasmic crystalloids in irradiated rat parotid glands

Cytoplasmic crystalloids were found in paroid aeinar cells of rats given a large (6400 R) single exposure of X-rays to the head and neck. The crystalloids were first observed 1 day after irradiation and became numerous at 3–4 days. They were associated with autophagie vucuoles, which were seen in acinar cells as early as 3–6 h. Crystalloids sometimes appeared to be forming within autophagic vacuoles, which also contained membranous residues and apparently degenerating secretory material. They were bounded by a single, smooth membrane and had a substructure consisting of dense, parallel longitudinal striations. The crystalloids were also seen in macrophages associated with the basal surfaces of acinar cells. At 3–4 days macrophages were numerous and many contained crystalloids, degenerated secretory droplets, and other cellular debris, which they apparently had phagocytosed. By 6–8 days crystalloids and macrophages were seen infrequently. Regarding mode of formation, removal by macrophages, and ultrastructure, the crystalloids resembled those described by others after ethionine intoxication. Ethionine-induced crystalloids have cytochemical characteristics consistent with a lysosomal identity. The crystalloids in irradiated parotid glands probably reflect a variant type of lysosome, which is a nonspecific manifestation of severe cellular injury and can be elicited by a variety of injurious agents.
Types of Functional Educational Planning Modes

Planning looks to the future. It can have several different intentions and frames of reference; (a) to pursue more economical ways and means to implement courses, activities, and jobs based on accepted purposes; (b) to seek ways to increase the efficiency of an entire educational system, including all of its parts (such as a curriculum, a school, a school system, or a state); and (c) to search for, and possibly create, a new and improved future set of realities and consequences. The first two approaches are basically concerned with increasing efficiency in reaching established goals. The third is holistic in intending to both improve current efficiency and help to create a better future. This article (a) identifies and defines these three major distinct (yet related) planning modes, and (b) discusses one educational research and development effort which intends to integrate them.
Olefins from Drying Oil Fatty Acids by Catalytic Oxidative Decarboxylation

Lead tetraacetate in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu(II) has been shown to be very effective for the conversion of carboxylic acids to terminal olefins with one less carbon atom. The advantage of this method is that a reaction temperature of only 80°C is needed and it yields very few side products. This low reaction temperature makes it ideal for the decarboxylation of drying oil derived fatty acids which contain very reactive internal unsaturation. This paper describes the use of lead tetraacetate to produce 17 carbon terminal polyolefins from unsaturated fatty acids with pyridine and lithium acetate as catalyst. The products of these reactions were analyzed by IR for disappearance of the carbonyl peak and appearance of peaks due to terminal unsaturation. IR spectra gave very little evidence of isomerization of the cis internal double bonds to the trans isomers. Olefine aus Fettsauren von trocknenden Olen durch oxidative Decarboxylierung auf katalytischem Wege Bleitetraacetat ist in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Cu(II)-Salzen sehr wirksam bei der Umwandlung von Carbonsauren in endstandige Olefine mit einer um 1 C-Atom geringeren Kohlenstoffkette. Diese Methode had den Vorteil, das die Reaktionstemperatur niedrig ist (80°C) und nur wenige Nebenprodukte gebildet werden. Wegen der niedrigen Reaktionstemperatur ist die Methode hervorragend geeignet zur Decarboxylierung von Fettsauren der trocknenden Ole, die sehr reaktive Doppelbindungen enthalten. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Herstellung von endstandigen Olefinen mit 17 C-Atomen aus ungesattigten Fettsauren unter Verwendung von Bleitetraacetat und Pyridin mit Lithiumacetat als Katalysator. Mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie wurden die Reaktionsprodukte auf das Verschwinden der Carbonylbande und das Auftreten der fur endstandige olefinische Doppelbindungen charakteristischen Peaks untersucht. Die IR-Spektren deuten darauf hin, das sich die innenstandigen cis-Doppelbindungen nur in geringem Ausmas zu den trans-Doppelbindungen umlagern.
Trehalase activity in plant tissue cultures

Abstract Trehalose degradation was examined in homogenates of callus and cell suspension cultures. Stable, high trehalase activity was found in three wheat lines, jack pine, and Selaginella lepidophylla. Stable, low trehalase activity was found in alfalfa, black Mexican sweet corn, sunflower, and white spruce. Labile, moderate activities were found in two different suspensions of canola. No trehalase activity was found in barley, bromegrass, soybean and black spruce. Trehalose degrading activities (except in canola) were inhibited by using validamycin as a specific trehalase inhibition. These results demonstrate that trehalase activity is not confined to seed or pollen in higher plants nor is it due to fungal contamination.
A convenient synthesis of 13N‐BCNU

A simple procedure is described for the preparation of millicurie quantities of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, BCNU, labeled in the nitroso group with 13N.
Couette vs. Langmuir circulations: Comment on “On the helical flow of Langmuir circulation — Approaching the process of suspension freezing” by Dethleff, Kempema, Koch and Chubarenko

Abstract This comment suggests that flow structures observed in the laboratory work of Dethleff et al., [Dethleff, D.E. Kempema, W., Koch, R. and Chubarenko, I., 2009. On the helical flow of Langmuir circulation — approaching the process of suspension freezing. Cold Regions Sci. and Tech., 56, 50–57.] and identified by the authors as Langmuir circulations may actually be Couette circulations, structures characteristic of the primary flow instability of a sheared channel flow. The difference between the two circulations has implications for the field conditions in which “dirty ice” forms.
REMUS100 AUV with an integrated microfluidic system for explosives detection

Quantitating explosive materials at trace concentrations in real-time on-site within the marine environment may prove critical to protecting civilians, waterways, and military personnel during this era of increased threat of widespread terroristic activity. Presented herein are results from recent field trials that demonstrate detection and quantitation of small nitroaromatic molecules using novel high-throughput microfluidic immunosensors (HTMI) to perform displacement-based immunoassays onboard a HYDROID REMUS100 autonomous underwater vehicle. Missions were conducted 2–3 m above the sea floor, and no HTMI failures were observed due to clogging from biomass infiltration. Additionally, no device leaks were observed during the trials. HTMIs maintained immunoassay functionality during 2 h deployments, while continuously sampling seawater absent without any pretreatment at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. This 20-fold increase in the nominal flow rate of the assay resulted in an order of magnitude reduction in both lag and assay times. Contaminated seawater that contained 20–175 ppb trinitrotoluene was analyzed.
Oxidation states and complex ions of uranium in fused chlorides and nitrates

Oxidation states of uranium in fused LiCl-KCl eutectic, pyridinium chloride, and LiNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/ eutectic were charaeterized spectrophotometrically. The (III), (IV), and (VI) oxidation states of uranium are stable in LiCi-KCl eutectic. The (IV) and (VI) oxidation states have been observed in pyridinium chloride. In LiNO/sub 3/KNO/sub 3/ eutectic the (III) and (IV) states are oxidized to the (VI) oxidation state. It was found that Al as well as U metal reduces U(N) to U(III) while Mg metal reduces U(III) to U(O) in LiCl-KCl eutectic. On the basis of these experiments the U(IIl)-U(O) standard potential versus a l M Pt reference electrode can be predicted to lie between- 1.77 and-258 v. The U(IV)-U(III) potential versus the same electrode can be expected to be more positive than -1.77 v. Spectrophotometric evidence indicates that U(IV) changes its co-ordination number from six to eight in going from fused pyridinium chloride to LiCl-KCl eutectic. Changes were observed in the UO/sub 2/ (II) spectrum on addition of chloride ion to UO/sub 2/(II) solutions in LiNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/ eutectic which were correlated with the formation of chlorocomplexes of uranyl ion. (auth)
Liquid infrared atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of sialylated carbohydrates.

A 2.94-μm Er:YAG laser for IR atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization on an ion trap mass spectrometer is used for the analysis of sialylated oligosaccharides. This approach provided the opportunity to utilize liquid matrixes and is effective in determining structural featuressequence, branching, and linkageof intact, fully sialylated molecular species.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS) Scores: Testing the Expanded Nigrescence Model

In this study, the authors tested the viability of the expanded nigrescence (NT-E) model as operationalized by Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS) scores using confirmatory factor analyses. Participants were 594 Black college students from the Southeastern United States. Results indicated a good fit for NT-E's proposed six-factor structure. One-factor and two-factor higher-order models also yielded good fit indices, although several coefficients in the one-factor higher-order model were not salient or statistically significant. In sum, the results provide strong support for the CRIS as an operationalization of NT-E. The authors suggest that CRIS scores can be used in studies concerned with drawing inferences about the effects of racial identity attitudes.
Dietary Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease

Dietary fats mainly comprise triacylglycerols consisting of 3 individual fatty acids, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated, depending on how many double bonds they contain. Specific fatty acids within these categories tend to have varying biologic effects. According to the classic diet-heart hypothesis, high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increase the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which leads to the deposition of lipid within the subendothelial space after endothelial injury. These plaques narrow the coronary arteries leading to reduced blood flow to the myocardium and are also vulnerable to rupture and thrombosis. On the basis of this understanding, many nutrition guidelines focus on limiting intake of SFAs and replacing them with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs.1,2 However, the optimal amounts and types of fatty acid consumption have been the subject of considerable debate in the scientific community due to the variation in findings from observational, experimental, and animal studies. See accompanying article on page 2679 In this issue of ATVB , Virtanen et al3 add evidence to the observational side of this discussion by reporting on the association of dietary fatty acids with risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart …
Tetralogy of Fallot: Its Unusual Variants and Its Simulators

A wide spectrum of clinical presentations occurs in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Patients with this congenital anomaly may become symptomatic shortly after birth, while other patients with this lesion may be acyanotic asymptomatic adults. Other associated cardiovascular anomalies further modify the clinical picture and previous operative intervention may alter the function and anatomy in patients with tetralogy. Furthermore, other forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease may mimic tetralogy. Six patients are presented illustrating some unusual variants in tetralogy of Fallot and illustrating other forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease mimicking tetralogy. Recognition of unusual variants in Fallot's tetralogy and other anomalies resembling tetralogy is essential to a successful operative result.
POST‐MORTEM ISOMETRIC TENSION CHANGES AND SHORTENING IN TURKEY MUSCLE STRIPS HELD AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

SUMMARY: A study of the physical changes associated with rigor mortis in breast muscle was undertaken to assess the factors that may influence ultimate tenderness. Isometric tension changes and shortening were measured at temperatures 2–37°C. These changes were measured while holding the muscle strips in a phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Isometric tension was measured by transducers and recorded on a physiograph. A pattern of tension development and gradual relaxation has been demonstrated to occur post-mortem in strips of turkey breast muscle held isometrically. The time to maximum tension development occurs in 3.85 ± 0.19 hr and is not linearly related (P <.05) to temperature. The amount of maximum tension developed averaged 25 g/cm2 and was significantly (P < .05) related to temperature. Relaxation to about 50% of maximum occurs in 18 hr. The amount of shortening that occurs post-mortem is linearly related (P < .01) to temperature. No “cold shortening” of turkey breast muscle was evident.
Control of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, using integrated pest management measures. III. Field techniques and population control.

In July 1974 a 3-year feasibility study was initiated on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, on the use of the sterile-male technique as a replacement or adjunct to insecticidal or physical measures to control or eliminate the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans . Sterile male insects, ca. 1 × 105/day (5 days/wk), were released over the 218 km2 island for 18 months in 1976–1977. Because of the large wild stable fly population, some of the major breeding sites were larvicided at intervals throughout the test. For the last 6 months of the study, better than 99.9% of the wild flies were eliminated; however, a few fertile flies were found throughout the study. These fertile flies either came from isolated breeding sites, had immigrated from other islands, or had been introduced with imported livestock and/or pets.
PARTNERED FIELD PLACEMENTS: COLLABORATION IN THE “REAL WORLD”

Research indicates that partner placements—pairing two preservice teachers with a mentor teacher—provide a supportive and collaborative context for learning to teach. This qualitative study examines three partner placements in a 100-hour urban field practicum to understand how preservice teachers experience and perceive partner placements, and what facilitates or inhibits collaboration. Results from two successful and one less than successful placement indicate that mutuality, scaffolding, and the appropriation of skills and resources facilitate productive collaboration and promote professional learning. However, participants revealed that partner placements are temporary scaffolding, which prepares one to become a teacher, but does not represent the “real world” of teaching. Recommendations are provided to guide the implementation or refinement of partner placements.
Linking speech errors and phonological grammars: Insights from Harmonic Grammar networks

Phonological grammars characterize distinctions between relatively well-formed (unmarked) and relatively ill-formed (marked) phonological structures. We review evidence that markedness influences speech error probabilities. Specifically, although errors result in both unmarked as well as marked structures, there is a markedness asymmetry: errors are more likely to produce unmarked outcomes. We show that stochastic disruption to the computational mechanisms realizing a Harmonic Grammar (HG) can account for the broad empirical patterns of speech errors. We demonstrate that our proposal can account for the general markedness asymmetry. We also develop methods for linking particular HG proposals to speech error distributions, and illustrate these methods using a simple HG and a set of initial consonant errors in English.
Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide

Abstract The generation of synthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) from renewable liquid fuels for solid oxide fuel cell applications has been the target of several studies. Typically, noble metals or nickel are employed as the active catalyst for fuel reforming, but they present drawbacks in terms of high cost and deactivation due to carbon deposition, respectively. Thermodynamically, the CPO of the model biodiesel compound, methyl oleate (C19H36O2), was found to be favorable at temperatures > 800 °C. Under these conditions, we report a high catalytic activity of molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) toward the reformation of methyl oleate into synthesis gas, while overcoming the disadvantages of coking and methane formation. For an O2/C molar ratio between 0.60 and 0.70 and a WHSV up to 10 h−1, the CPO reaction shows a fuel carbon conversion above 80%, relatively good H2 and CO yields, and the catalyst exhibits high redox stability. It is proposed that the lattice oxygen present in the oxide promotes the CPO reaction via the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism.
Combined Insulin-Sulfonylurea Treatment of Type II Diabetes

The literature on type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) proposes many forms of treatment. This diversity suggests that there is no single best way to treat this condition. At Oregon Health Sciences University, we have been using the combination of insulin given in the evening and sulfonylurea drugs given during the day as an alternative to multiple-dose insulin regimens when diet or diet and oral hypoglycemic agent therapies do not achieve adequate glucose control. This approach, while effective in our experience, is not widely accepted. This paper reviews the literature on combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy for treatment of certain stages of type II diabetes, the rationale for use of this therapy, and our experience to date.
An Optimal Method for a Deterministic Joint Replenishment Inventory Policy in Discrete Time

In this paper we derive an optimal solution to the multi-item single-supplier inventory problem with two types of set-up costs. In the case considered, replenishment opportunities are restricted to the beginning of the discrete time periods.
Probing mass-transport and binding inhomogeneity in macromolecular interactions by molecular interferometric imaging

In solid-support immunoassays, the transport of target analyte in sample solution to capture molecules on the sensor surface controls the detected binding signal. Depletion of the target analyte in the sample solution adjacent to the sensor surface leads to deviations from ideal association, and causes inhomogeneity of surface binding as analyte concentration varies spatially across the sensor surface. In the field of label-free optical biosensing, studies of mass-transport-limited reaction kinetics have focused on the average response on the sensor surface, but have not addressed binding inhomogeneities caused by mass-transport limitations. In this paper, we employ Molecular Interferometric Imaging (MI2) to study mass-transport-induced inhomogeneity of analyte binding within a single protein spot. Rabbit IgG binding to immobilized protein A/G was imaged at various concentrations and under different flow rates. In the mass-transport-limited regime, enhanced binding at the edges of the protein spots was caused by depletion of analyte towards the center of the protein spots. The magnitude of the inhomogeneous response was a function of analyte reaction rate and sample flow rate.
Electrochemiluminescence from Os(phen)2(dppene)2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and dppene = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene).

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Os(phen)2(dppene)2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and dppene = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene) is reported in mixed CH3CN/H2O (50:50 v/v) and aqueous (0.1 M KH2PO4) solutions with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as an oxidative−reductive coreactant. ECL efficiencies (φecl = photons emitted/redox event) of 2.0 in aqueous, and 0.95 in mixed for Os(phen)2(dppene)2+ were obtained using Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) as a relative standard (φecl = 1). Photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies of 0.094 and 0.053 were obtained in aqueous and mixed solutions, respectively, as compared to Ru(bpy)32+ (φem = 0.042). The ECL spectra were identical to photoluminescence spectra (λmax ≅ 584 nm), indicating formation of the same metal-to-ligand (MLCT) excited states in both ECL and PL. The ECL is linear over several orders of magnitude in aqueous and mixed solution, with theoretical detection limits (blank plus three times the standard deviation of the noise) of 16.9 nM in H2O and 0.29 nM in CH3C...
Clinical Results of Phacoemulsification in Eyes With Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma in the Aspect of Complications

Purpose: To evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative complications and outcomes of phacoemulsification of cataract in eyes with prior iriodotomy for acute angle closure glaucoma. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 30 eyes which underwent phacoemulsification. All 30 eyes had prior acute angle closure treated by laser iridotomy (ACG group). A second group that had phacoemusification for cataract only served as control (Control group). Results: The ACG group showed significantly shallow anterior chamber (1.560.18 mm) and short axial length (22.320.60 mm). At 2 months after surgery, visual acuity was improved in both groups and IOP was significantly decreased in the ACG group. Posterior synechiae, small pupil and zonulysis were more commonly found in the ACG group than the control group. Intraoperative iris trauma and postoperative persistent mydriasis were also more common in the ACG group. Conclusions: During cataract surgery in eyes with prior iriodotomy for acute angle closure glaucoma, there are many preoperative risk factors such as shallow anterior chamber, zonulysis, and small pupil. These increase the risk of posterior capsule rupture and bullous keratopathy. To reduce the complications and improve the visual acuity, a careful preoperative examination and proper intra- and post-operative management by skillful surgeons are needed.
Late paleozoic-middle mesozoic uplift rate, cooling rate and geothermal gradient for south-central New York state

Abstract Apatite and zircon crystals were recovered from the Tioga metabentonite (Middle Devonian) at Cherry Valley, New York and from a metabentonite at the top of the Black River Group (Middle Ordovician) at Middleville, New York. Fission-track ages obtained from these minerals are younger than the stratigraphic ages of the units, indicating total or partial resetting of the mineral ages due to thermal annealing of fission-tracks. The age data allow for calculation of a mean uplift rate of 0.019 ± 0.009 mm/yr for the interval 193-155 Myr, and a mean cooling rate of 0.38 ± 0.11°C/Myr for the interval 354-155 Myr. An average geothermal gradient for the interval 354-155 Myr is 20 ± 11°C/km. The partially reset zircon age from the Black River metabentonite indicates that the Middle Ordovician rocks of south-central New York have been exposed to temperatures approaching ≈ 175°C. This temperature, in conjunction with the calculated geothermal gradient, implies burial of these units to depths approaching 8 km. Such burial suggests that extensive Carboniferous sediments once covered southern New York, and that the Alleghenian Orogeny had a stronger sedimentalogical influence in the northern portion of the Appalachian Basin than has been previously recognized.
Cognitive abnormalities in post-traumatic stress disorder

Characteristically arising in response to overwhelmingly terrifying events, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder of memory: sufferers seemingly relive their trauma in the form of involuntary recollection. Prominent cognitive abnormalities, especially in memory functioning, have motivated research designed to elucidate the mediating mechanisms that produce PTSD symptoms, especially those involving involuntary recollection. Recent developments suggest a pathophysiological model of PTSD which includes hyporesponsive prefrontal cortical regions and/or a hyper-responsive amygdala. Other work has also identified above-average cognitive ability as a protective factor and below-average hippocampal volume as a vulnerability factor for PTSD among the trauma-exposed. These attempts to elucidate the mediating mechanisms of PTSD have been both cognitive and, more recently, cognitive-neuroscientific in emphasis.
The Children's Depression Adjective Check lists (C-DACL) with emotionally disturbed adolescent boys.

In this study of the reliability and validity of the Children's Depression Adjective Check Lists (C-DACL; Brewer & Lubin, 1987) with emotionally disturbed adolescent boys (N=50),data were collected on two occasions. Internal consistency (alpha) was .89 and .94 for form H and .89 and .95 for form I. Alternate form reliabilities were .86 and .95. Split-half reliabilities were .80 and .89 for form H and .68 and .86 for form I. Concurrent validity was determined by correlations between C-DACL and the Self-Rating Scale of Depressed Mood. Correlations were .65 and .80 for H and .54 and .80 for I. Data from the present study were tested against data from emotionally disturbed adolescent girls (Sokoloff & Lubin, 1983), with boys scoring significantly lower on both forms (H and I) of the C-DACL.
Profile-driven program synthesis for evaluation of system power dissipation

This paper presents a new approach for estimatingpower dissipation in a high performance microprocessor chip.First, characteristic profile (including parameters such as thecache miss rate, branch prediction miss rate, pipeline stalls,instruction mix, memory references, etc.) is extracted fromapplication programs. Then, mixed integer linear programmingand heuristic rules are used to gradually transform a genericprogram template to into a fully functional program. Thesynthesized program exhibits the same performance and powerdissipation behavior (as characterized by the extracted profile),yet it has an instruction trace orders of magnitude smaller thanthe initial trace. The synthesized program is subsequentlysimulated on a register-transfer level description of the targetmicroprocessor to provide the power dissipation value. Resultsobtained for the Intel's Pentium processor executing standardbenchmark programs show a simulation time reduction by 3-5orders of magnitude.
Image Intensification of X-Ray Diffraction Patterns from Protein Molecules

An image intensifier film system has been used to obtain X-ray diffraction patterns suitable for quantitative measurements of protein structure. Relevant image tube characteristics have been measured, as have the corresponding TV vidicon parameters for extension of the systems to on-line digital recording and analysis.
MO‐A‐ValA‐01: The Role of the Physicist in the Planning and Design of Digital Image Management Systems (PACS)

The classically trained medical physicist strives to yield maximum diagnosticinformation from an exam with minimal impact on patient health (i.e. by minimizing dose). This simple objective means that in practice the physicist must: become expert on following the latest technological developments across modalities to assist in equipment purchases, monitor and oversee the imaging protocols used at an institution, and monitor the equipment performance over its lifetime. As the department transitions to filmless radiology, the mission remains the same, but the scope of implementation increases. The DICOM services that an imager supports are analogous to the filming options supported of yesteryear. The H&D curve of film days maps to the DQE and JND of today's detectors and displays. Quality Control encompasses not only median film density of a laser camera and MTF of a CT, but how those image properties propagate from acquisition to final display device. The key point to realize is the medical physicist is uniquely empowered to have a holistic systems view of the imagers, PACS, RIS and the needs to QC the entire chain. In this lecture, we will discuss the value add that the medical physicist provides due to the unique collection of training and skills we possess. Educational Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast the classic role of a medical physicist in the film based department verses the filmless radiology department. 2. Identify the areas of technology and practice where the Medical Physicist adds value. 3. Case studies of cost savings made possible by the practice knowledge that a medical physicist brings to the table that IT staff may not have.
Shigella dysenteriae I: A forgotten cause of pseudomembranous colitis

SI: Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of adenylate cyclase and active electrolyte secretion in intestinal mucosa, J Clin Invest 54:536, 1974. 6. Said SI, and Faloona GR: Elevated plasma and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the watery-diarrhea syndrome due to pancreatic, bronchogenic and other tumors, N Engl J Med 293:155, 1975. 7. Swift PGF, Bloom SR, and Harris F: Watery diarrhea and ganglioneuroma with secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide, Arch Dis Child 50:896, 1975. 8. Rambaud J-C, Modigliani R, Matuchansky C, Bloom S, Said S, Pessayre D, and Bernier J-J: Pancreatic cholera. Studies on tumoral secretions and pathophysiology of diarrhea, Gastroenterology 69"110, 1975. 9. Rambaud JC, and Matuchansky C: Diarrhoeas and digestive endocrine tumours, Clin Gastroenterol 3:657, 1974.
Association between extent of coronary artery disease and ventricular premature beat frequency after myocardial infarction.

Severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and frequent ventricular premature beats (VPBs) on ambulatory ECG monitoring in the late hospital phase after myocardial infarction are independent predictors of prognosis. To study the relationship between extent of CAD and VPB frequency, 128 consecutive (91 men, 37 women) patients surviving 6 days after myocardial infarction underwent 24-hour ECG, coronary angiography, and left ventriculography. CAD was graded as zero to one-, two-, and three-vessel (V), and also by a previosly validated “jeopardy score” with 0 to 12 as grades of incremental CAD severity. Average VPB frequency was significantly correlated with CAD by V, CAD by jeopardy score, and by left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.01 for all three). With the use of a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model, both VPB frequency and left ventricular ejection fraction were found to have independent association with CAD. The median VPB frequency was 1/hr, 0.6/hr, and 6/hr in zero to one-, two-, and three-V CAD, respectively (zero to one- and two-V CAD vs three-V CAD p < 0.01, one-V CAD vs two-V CAD p = NS). In conclusion, frequent VPBs following myocardial infarction are associated with extensive CAD and are independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. Therefore, the prognostic value of frequent VPBs may be related to severe underlying ischemic disease.
Petroleum Reservoir Simulation in a Virtual Environment

In this paper, the authors describe an approach to combining a reservoir simulation with 3-D visualization and virtual reality technology. Their prototype VR/visualization system minimizes human-machine interface barriers and provides enhanced control over the simulation, thereby maximizing scientific judgment and use of intuition. They illustrate the practical advantage of using the VR/visualization prototype system in reservoir engineering by visualizing the results of a waterflood in an oil field with a three-dimensional, spatially correlated heterogeneous permeability field.
A Comparison of Leak Test Procedures for Sealed Radium Sources

Abstract A renewed interest in leak testing of sealed radium sources grew out of the 1959 amendment to the Atomic Energy Act. As more and more states assumed regulatory responsibility from the Atomic Energy Commission, the radium situation was brought into focus for the first time, as it, too, was licensed. Although the problem is much improved in these states, a lack of uniformity as to what constitutes a leaking source and the best method for detecting it still exists. Eight procedures for leak testing of sealed sources of radium were compared. They are: (1) charcoal, (2) cotton plug, (3) jar, (4) radon film badge, (5) radon scintillation probe, (6) electro-deposition, (7) wipe test, and (8) direct read-out. Sensitivity, reproducibility, and time requirements are discussed. The results are tabulated for easy comparison.
Preschoolers' response to maternal sadness: Relationships with maternal depression and emotional availability

Des recherches precesentes ont montre que les enfants de meres deprimees sont a risque pour plusieurs problemes emotionnels/de comportement et pour les deteriorations dans l'interaction mere-enfant. Les meres deprimees ont ete caracterisees comme etant renfermees et non-disponibles. Cette etude-ci a examine le comportement d'enfants d'âge prescolaire de meres deprimees et de meres non-deprimees en reponse a la tristesse feinte de la part de leurs meres. Cette etude evalue la depression maternelle et la disponibilite emotionnelle maternelle de facon a determiner la maniere dont celles-ci etaient liees a l'expression d'empathie des enfants en âge prescolaire
Type Appraisal: I. Effects of Age and Stage-of-Lactation on Type Ratings

Abstract Dairy cattle type appraisal data were examined to determine whether body and udder conformation and management ratings were affected by age and period of lactation at appraisal. Data were collected from 1961 to 1968 from 188 herds having over 23,000 Holstein type appraisals. The body and udder traits were scored by scheduled appraisers, and the management traits were coded by each dairyman. Some of the 35 original traits were composed of more than one descriptive characteristic and, as a result, 49 renamed traits were derived from these. A model was selected that considered years and herds as well as cow effects to reduce bias in the estimates of age x stage-of-lactation differences that would result from culling cows on type score. Age differences were large for about one-third of the traits, especially for mastitis, body weight, and depth of udder. In general, differences from stage-of-lactation were not as large as from age; nevertheless, trends were evident for several traits. Interactions between age and stage-of-lactation were relatively small.
Sublogarithmic approximation for telephone multicast: path out of jungle (extended abstract)

Consider a network of processors modeled by an n-vertex graph G = (V, E). Assume that the communication in the network is synchronous, i.e., occurs in discrete "rounds", and in every round every processor is allowed to pick one of its neighbors, and to send it a message. The telephone k-multicast problem requires to compute a schedule with minimal number of rounds that delivers a message from a given single processor, that generates the message, to all the processors of a given set T ⊆ V, vTv = k, whereas the processors of V \ T may be left uninformed. The case T = V is called broadcast problem.The telephone multicast and broadcast are basic primitives in distributed computing and computer communication theory. Several approximation algorithms with a polylogarithmic ratio were suggested for these problems, and the upper bound on their approximation threshold stands currently on O(log k) and O(log n), respectively.In this paper we devise an O(log k/log log k)-approximation algorithm for the k-multicast problem, and, consequently, an O(log n/log log n)-approximation algorithm for the broadcast problem. Even stronger than that, whenever an instance of the k-multicast problem admits a schedule of length br*, our algorithm guarantees an approximation ratio of O(log k/log br*). As br* is always at least log k, the ratio of O(log k/log log k) follows. In addition, whenever br* = Ω(kδ) for some constant δ
Adaptive PID Temperature Controller Based on Fuzzy Logic

This paper develops a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the temperature. Temperature is a very popular parameter in industry, which leads an important role in industry process control. There is nonlinearity, time lag, inertia, uncertainty and so on .The advantage of this method is that the proposed FLC has the characteristics of robustness. In order to control systems that contain nonlinearities or uncertainties, control strategies must deal with the effects of these. With the development of intelligent control, Fuzzy-PID control based on Fuzzy control develops more and more popular and makes a great process in temperature control. The whole resistance furnace temperature control system design is based on PLC which Rockwell laboratory supplies and related software and hardware.
Two Stage View Planning for Large-Scale Site Modeling

We present a systematic view planning method to assist construction of 3-D models of large outdoor sites using a mobile robot platform with mounted scanner. In the first stage, we begin with a 2-D site footprint and the planner generates a minimal set of sufficient covering views. These views which incorporate constraints on the scanner, including field of view, minimum and maximum scanning distance, and grazing angle, serve as the initial set of scans which yields an approximate 3-D model of the site. In the second stage, we update this model by using a voxel-based occupancy procedure to plan and acquire the next best view. The algorithm continues to update the model sequentially until an accurate and complete 3-D model is obtained. Results are shown for a segment of the Columbia University campus. The system can also be used as a planning tool for manual construction of 3-D site models.
Classic African American Children's Literature

The purpose of this article is to assert that there are classic African American children's books and to identify a sampling of them. The author presents multiple definitions of the term classic based on the responses of children's literature experts and relevant scholarship. Next, the manner in which data were collected and analyzed in regard to classic African American children's books is explained. Then, three categories are elaborated—universal experiences from an African American perspective, breakthrough books, and literary innovations—in which the African American children's books identified as classics were placed. The article concludes with pedagogical implications and conclusions.