cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perivascular nerves with immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cephalic arteries of the cat: Distribution, possible origins and functional implications

Abstract The distribution of nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)-immunoreactive material was examined in the cephalic arteries and cranial nerves of cats using an indirect immuno fluorescence procedure on whole mounts. Perivascular VIP-immunoreactive nerves were widely distributed in arteries and arterioles supplying glands, muscles and mucous membranes of the face. Within the cerebral circulation, perivascular VIP-immunoreactive nerves were most abundant in the circle of Willis and the proximal portions of the major cerebral arteries and their proximal branches supplying the rostral brainstem and ventral areas of the cerebral cortex. Nerves containing VIP-immunoreactive material were absent from distal portions of arteries supplying the posterior brainstem, cerebellum and dorsal cerebral cortex. Cerebral perivascular VIP-immunoreactive nerves had extracerebral origins probably from VIP-immunoreactive perikarya within microganglia in the cavernous plexus and external rete. Extracerebral perivascular VIP-immunoreactive nerves probably arose from VIP-immunoreactive perikarya in microganglia associated with the tympanic plexus, chorda tympani, lingual nerve and Vidian nerve as well as from cells in the otic, sphenopalatine, submandibular and sublingual ganglia. Therefore, it seems likely that each major segment of the cephalic circulation is supplied by local VIP-immunoreactive neurons. If the VIP-immunoreactive nerves cause vasodilation, they are well placed to allow redistribution of arterial blood flow within the head. During heat stress, neurogenic vasodilation of the appropriate beds would permit efficient cooling of cerebral blood, particularly that supplying the rostral brainstem and surrounding areas of the cerebral cortex.
Predictors of Social Entrepreneurship Success: A Cross-national Analysis of Antecedent Factors

AbstractEven though the practice of social entrepreneurship has a long history, the field has only begun to gain academic attention in the past few decades. However, most of the literature to date focuses on theoretical and conceptual issues, and there continues to be a paucity of empirical work in this discipline. Using the number of social entrepreneurs in a country as a proxy for prevalence of the phenomenon is a strong predictor – the validity of the results was confirmed using two reputable databases of social entrepreneurs, i.e., the Ashoka and Schwab Foundations. Furthermore, the components of national-level attitudes for general entrepreneurship, i.e., perceived opportunity, no fear of failing, and aspirations of new technology, were found to be positively correlated with social entrepreneurship at the country level. Yet, national-level attitudes for networking and opportunities for start-ups, generally correlated with general entrepreneurship, were negatively correlated with social entrepreneursh...
Solvation of ions in the gas-phase: a molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the collision between a cesium ion and a cluster of twenty methanol molecules. This process, generating a solvated ion, was studied over a range (1 to 25 eV) of eight collision energies. Preliminary analysis of this gas phase solvation has included the distribution of final ion cluster sizes, fragmentation patterns, solvation timescales and energetics. Two distinct patterns have emerged: a ballistic penetration of the neutral cluster at the higher collision energies and an evaporative evolution of the cluster ion at lower collision energies.
V. The Effect of Thermal Stimulation upon Dilation and Constriction of the Blood Vessels of the Skin of a Contralateral Hand

(1936). V. The Effect of Thermal Stimulation upon Dilation and Constriction of the Blood Vessels of the Skin of a Contralateral Hand. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 461-477.
The speed and order of economic liberalization in China and its comparison with Russia and Vietnam

This paper overviews and compares China's gradual economic liberalization with other transitional economies moving from planned economy to market economy such as Vietnam in Asia and Russia. China liberalized its economy more slowly than Vietnam and Russia. In the early stage of reform, China achieved macroeconomic stabilization by controlling credit through state banking system. However, state owned banking system has been handicapped in allocating capital efficiently. Some economists say that, in explaining the relatively bad Russian economy, Russia got the order of liberalization wrong. In contrast, within a short period of time, Vietnam completely transformed its economic system and achieved successful economic results. The economic liberalization in Vietnam was more radical and rapid than that of China. What transitional economies need in liberalizing their economy is a economic liberalization policy combined with strict financial supervision, strict monetary policy, fiscal reform and management of ex...
Spin-statistics violations from heterotic string worldsheet instantons

In this paper, we consider the role that worldsheet instantons in the heterotic string could play in spin-statistics violations. Such violations are nonperturbative in the string tension and so would not appear in the spacetime effective action, producing a unique signature of string theory and the details of compactification. By performing a Bogomol'nyi transformation it is shown that there are no instanton solutions in the simplest model proposed by Harvey and Liu, but it is conjectured that more sophisticated models may yield solutions. If such instantons do exist, their effect might be measured by upcoming experiments.
Ethanol production in a continuous fermentation/membrane pervaporation system

The productivity of ethanol fermentation processes, predominantly based on batch operation in the U.S. fuel ethanol industry, could be improved by adoption of continuous processing technology. In this study, a conventional yeast fermentation was coupled to a flat-plate membrane pervaporation unit to recover continuously an enriched ethanol stream from the fermentation broth. The process employed a concentrated dextrose feed stream controlled by the flow rate of permeate from the pervaporation unit via liquid-level control in the fermentor. The pervaporation module contained 0.1 m2 commercially available polydimethylsiloxane membrane and consistently produced a permeate of 20%–23% (w/w) ethanol while maintaining a level of 4%–6% ethanol in a stirred-tank fermentor. The system exhibited excellent operational stability. During continuous operation with cell densities of 15–23 g/l, ethanol productivities of 4.9–7.8 gl−1 h−1 were achieved utilizing feed streams of 269–619 g/l glucose. Pervaporation flux and ethanol selectivities were 0.31–0.79 lm−2 h−1 and 1.8–6.5 respectively.
MMPI indicators of long-term therapy in a college counseling center.

Detection of persons apt to terminate prematurely from therapy continues to be an important area for research. Generally, recent studies agree that most premature terminators possess certain personality characteristics and come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (Stern, Moore, & Gross, 1975; Garfield, 1977). Studies using the MMPI to indicate duration of therapy have been inconclusive and conflicting. Taulbee (1958) found persons remaining in psychotherapy had signifi-ancly higher elevations on scales D, Hy, Mf, Pa, Pt, and Sc than those who cerminated prematurely. Yec Sullivan, Miller, and Smelson (1958) concluded in their study of continuers and terminators in therapy that the more elevated the profile, the poorer the prognosis to remain in therapy. Dodd (1970) detected no significant differences on MMPI scales between short-term and long-term adult outpacienrs at a university psychiatric center, and McAdoo and Roeske (1973) found no significant differences on MMPI profiles berween family members who continued in treatment at a child guidance clinic and those who defecced from services. In contrast, a scudy of adolescents in a youth counseling service discovered terminators had significantly higher scores on F, Pa, Sc, and Mn than those who continued in therapy (Horton & Krianciunas, 1970). It appears chese disaepant findings are confounded by conditions other than socioeconomic status. The samples studied vary considerably (e.g., adult outpatients, parents in a ciild guidance clinic, and adolescents at a youth counseling service) and results therefore lack generalizacion. Findings should be restricted to the sample investigated, since diagnostic implications of MMPI data vary with psychiatric and nonpsychiatric settings and clientele (Kunce & Anderson, 1976, 1984; Graham, 1979; D u c h o n h , 1979; Buccher & Tellegen, 1978). Second, all of these studies employed comparative parametric statistics (analysis of variance, t tests), modest sample sizes, and a relatively large nurn-
A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial–deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast

Abstract Submergence of coastal marshes in areas where rates of relative sea-level rise exceed rates of marsh sedimentation, or vertical accretion, is a global problem that requires detailed examination of the principal processes that establish, maintain, and degrade these biologically productive environments. Using a simple 210 Pb-dating model, we measured sedimentation rates in cores from the Trinity, Lavaca–Navidad, and Nueces bayhead fluvial–deltaic systems in Texas where more than 2000 ha of wetlands have been lost since the 1950s. Long-term average rates of fluvial–deltaic aggradation decrease southwestward from 0.514±0.008 cm year −1 in the Trinity, 0.328±0.022 cm year −1 in the Lavaca–Navidad, to 0.262±0.034 cm year −1 in the Nueces. The relative magnitudes of sedimentation and wetland loss correlate with several parameters that define the differing fluvial–deltaic settings, including size of coastal drainage basin, average annual rainfall, suspended sediment load, thickness of Holocene mud in the valley fill, and rates of relative sea-level rise. There is some evidence that upstream reservoirs have reduced wetland sedimentation rates, which are now about one-half the local rates of relative sea-level rise. The extant conditions indicate that fluvial–deltaic marshes in these valleys will continue to be lost as a result of submergence and erosion.
Three-dimensional electromagnetic power deposition in tumors using interstitial antenna arrays

A three-dimensional model of a tumor of arbitrary shape subjected to the fields of an interstitial antenna array is developed to predict the EM power deposition in an inhomogeneous tumor-tissue medium. The volume integral equation for the imbedded tumor is developed and solved by the method of moments. The incident fields are calculated based on the available formulation of interstitial antennas in homogeneous media. The accuracy of the developed computer code was checked by comparing the results from the volume integral approach with the Mie solution for the special case of spherical tumors. Good comparison was obtained for tumors with properties approximately 25% different from those of the surrounding tissue. Comparisons of results from models of antenna arrays with and without imbedded tumors show significant differences in their predictions of the EM power deposition in the tumor. The developed inhomogeneous model was used to examine the feasibility of controlling the uniformity of the power deposition pattern in large tumors by adjusting the amplitude or relative phase between the array elements. >
Behavior of phytate in barium fractionation of acid-soluble phosphoric esters of potato tubers.

Abstract Addition of barium ion to trichloroacetic acid extracts of potato results in the formation of insoluble phosphate esters of barium salts, a fraction of which cannot be completely redissolved by the usual solubilization procedure employing hydrochloric acid. The phosphorus in this fraction varies between 2 to 5 mg/100 gm of tuber, constitutes between 15 to 30% of the organically bound phosphate present in the trichloroacetic acid extract, and increases with increasing maturity of the tuber. A highly significant correlation exists between the phosphorus contents of the organically bound phosphorus and the acid-insoluble phosphorus. Most of the phosphorus of the latter fraction can be accounted for as phytic acid, as evidenced by rate of acid hydrolysis, presence of inositol, and the formation of a ferric salt insoluble in strong acid. It has been demonstrated that this apparently insoluble form of phytic acid arises as a result of its adsorption on barium sulfate formed by the reaction of naturally occurring sulfate ion in the extract with added barium ion. Evidence is also presented for the presence of small amounts of an acidlabile phosphate ester in this fraction. A procedure for the fractionation of phosphorylated compounds in potatoes and other phytic acid-containing plant tissue is presented.
Democracy, Development and Comparative Institutional Advantage in Africa

Development in Africa has been stalled for decades in a vicious cycle of poverty, underdevelopment, corruption, and conflict. In this paper, we argue that donors should focus on democracy and accountability as a first priority in development aid. We use the theory of comparative institutional advantage to identify the key institutions that are most likely to facilitate economic development in communities in the modern world. These institutions include an efficient non-corrupt government sector. Subsequently, we discuss how a lack of democracy and accountability inevitably undermines development efforts and investment, referring especially to the Ethiopian experience but also considering the experiences of other African dictatorships. Finally, we discuss how donors, by emphasizing democracy and accountability along with other policies that support democratic institutions, have a greater chance of effectively contributing to African economic development.
Retinol-Binding Protein-Deficient Mice: Biochemical Basis for Impaired Vision†

We reported previously that mice lacking plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) are phenotypically normal except that they display impaired vision at the time of weaning. This visual defect is associated with greatly diminished eyecup levels of retinaldehyde and is reversible if the mutants are maintained for several months on a vitamin A-sufficient diet. Here we provide a biochemical basis for the visual phenotype of RBP-deficient mice. This phenotype does not result from inadequate milk total retinol levels since these are not different for RBP-deficient and wild-type mice. The eye, unlike all other tissues that have been examined, takes up dietary retinol very poorly. Moreover, compared to other tissues, the eye displays a strong preference for retinol uptake when retinol is delivered bound to RBP. The poor uptake of dietary retinol by the eye coupled with its marked ability to take up retinol from RBP, we propose, provides a basis for the impaired vision observed in weanling RBP-deficient mice. Further study of the mutants suggests that the impaired vision is reversible because the eyes of mutant mice slowly acquire sufficient retinol from the low levels of retinol present in their circulation either bound to albumin or present in lipoprotein fractions. Thus, the eye is unlike other tissues in the body in that it shows a very marked preference for acquiring retinol needed to support vision from the retinol-RBP complex and is unable to meet adequately its retinol need through uptake of recently absorbed dietary retinol. This provides an explanation for the impaired vision phenotype of RBP-deficient mice.
Personal Mobility and Manipulation Appliance—Design, Development, and Initial Testing

The ability to perform activities of daily living and mobility-related activities of daily living are substantial indicators of one's ability to live at home and to participate in one's community. Technologies to assist with mobility and manipulation are among the most important tools that clinicians can provide to people with disabilities to promote independence and community participation. For people with severe disabilities involving both the upper and lower extremities, there are few systems that provide practical and coordinated assistance with mobility and manipulation tasks. The personal mobility and manipulation appliance (PerMMA) was created in response to goals set forth by a team of clinicians and people with disabilities.
Hypertension-induced vascular remodeling contributes to reduced cerebral perfusion and the development of spontaneous stroke in aged SHRSP rats

Stroke in spontaneously-hypertensive, stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats is of particular interest because the pathogenesis is believed to be similar to that in the clinical setting. In this study, we employed multi-modal MRI-ASL, DWI, T(2), GRE, T(1) (pre/post contrast)-to investigate the natural history of spontaneous cerebral infarction and the specific role of cerebral perfusion in disease development. Twelve female SHRSP rats (age: approximately 1 year) were imaged within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset. The distribution of ischemic lesions was the following: 28.1% visual, 21.9% striatal, 18.8% motorsensory, 12.5% thalamic, 12.5% auditory, 3.1% frontal/prelimbic, and 3.1% multiple areas. Ischemic lesions had significantly reduced blood flow in comparison with healthy tissue. Ischemic lesions were characterized by hyperplastic, thrombosed, and compressed vessels. These findings suggest that ischemic lesion development is related to hypertension-induced vascular remodeling and persistent hypoperfusion. This model should be useful for studying the relationship between chronic hypertension and subsequent stroke, both in terms of primary and secondary prevention.
Muscipula Diaboli and medieval English Antifeminism

Du VIIIe au XIVe s., on rencontre en Angleterre le theme de la " muscipula diaboli " ou " piege du diable " applique a la femme par des clercs. On ne percoit pas le lien de cette application avec le sens de l'expression dans la tradition augustinienne, ou le " piege du diable " est la Croix du Christ dejouant les ruses du demon qui veut perdre les hommes
No minimally reasonable collective-choice process can be strategy-proof

Abstract In this paper I will prove that every collective-choice process fulfilling certain mild requirements - notably a version of Nondictatorship and a very weak unanimity-reduction condition - is manipulable: none is strategy-proof. Gibbard and Satterthwaite have each proved a similar result just for resolute processes - ones yielding only single-member choice sets. My theorem does not assume resoluteness, which I criticize as an unreasonable requirement.
Does treatment modality affect vasospasm distribution in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: differential use of intra-arterial interventions for cerebral vasospasm in surgical clipping and endovascular coiling populations.

Object Endovascular treatment of cerebral vasospasm consists primarily of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TBA) and intra-arterial (IA) vasodilator administration, the former restricted to use within the distal internal carotid and proximal intracerebral arteries. Our objective was to characterize clinical and angiographic features of those patients undergoing TBA and IA vasodilator treatments, particularly as it related to the aneurysm treatment modality. Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted for aneurysmal SAH undergoing IA treatment for cerebral vasospasm (n=73) examining clinical and angiographic variables. Continuous and ordinal means were examined with Mann–Whitney and Student t tests while nominal values were examined with χ2/Fisher9s exact tests. Multivariate logistic and linear regression included admission Glasgow coma scale, age, number of aneurysms and number of vasospastic vessels. Results Those patients receiving IA vasodilator in isolation (n=16) were older (45.9 vs 59.1 years, p=0.001) and more frequently had vasospasm involving the anterior cerebral artery alone (0.0% vs 31.3%, p Conclusion TBA and IA vasodilators are safe and effective means to treat cerebral vasospasm. Their use for proximal and distal vasospasm, respectively, and in tandem for diffuse disease, suggests regional differences in cerebral vasospasm between surgical clipping and endovascular coiling populations with coiled patients more often having distal vasospasm. Craniotomy and/or hemorrhagic evacuation performed during open surgery may contribute to this difference.
Virtual Record Keeping: Should Teachers Keep Online Grade Books?

(2006). Technology in the Classroom: Virtual Record Keeping: Should Teachers Keep Online Grade Books? Childhood Education: Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 252-254.
cAMP- and rapamycin-sensitive regulation of the association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and the translational regulator PHAS-I in aortic smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Incubating rat aortic smooth muscle cells with either platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF) or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased the phosphorylation of PHAS-I, an inhibitor of the mRNA cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Phosphorylation of PHAS-I promoted dissociation of the PHAS-I-eIF-4E complex, an effect that could partly explain the stimulation of protein synthesis by the two growth factors. Increasing cAMP with forskolin decreased PHAS-I phosphorylation and markedly increased the amount of eIF-4E bound to PHAS-I, effects consistent with an action of cAMP to inhibit protein synthesis. Both PDGF and IGF-I activated p70S6K, but only PDGF increased mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Forskolin decreased by 50% the effect of PDGF on increasing p70S6K, and forskolin abolished the effect of IGF-I on the kinase. The effects of PDGF and IGF-I on increasing PHAS-I phosphorylation, on dissociating the PHAS-I-eIF-4E complex, and on increasing p70S6K were abolished by rapamycin. The results indicate that IGF-I and PDGF increase PHAS-I phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells by the same rapamycin-sensitive pathway that leads to activation of p70S6K.
Eye movement training and recording in alert macaque monkeys: 1. Operant visual conditioning; 2. Magnetic search coil and head restraint surgical implantation; 3. Calibration and recording.

PURPOSE To describe current methodology used to: a) train alert adult macaque monkeys to perform visual fixation tasks, b) implant binocular magnetic scleral search coils and attach a head restraint, and c) precisely record their fixation and pursuit eye movements. METHODS Animals are trained to sit in a primate chair and manipulate a lever. The animal turns on a laser spot (<1 degree of arc) by pulling the lever. The spot dims after a variable, randomized period of time (luminance decrement 30–80%) and if the monkey releases the lever within 150–500msec of dimming, a small bolus of juice is squirted via a servo into the monkey's mouth as a reward. The small size of the spot, the difficulty of detecting the dimming, and the short reaction time required for reward act in concert to assure attentive foveal fixation. After training, a search coil is implanted subconjunctivally in each eye and a polycarbonate head restraint device is attached to the skull.With the animal at the center of magnetic field coi...
Wheat Proteins Extracted from Flour and Batter with Aqueous Ethanol at Subambient Temperatures

ABSTRACT Contact of wheat flour with aqueous ethanol may enrich protein by starch displacement or deplete protein by extraction depending on 1) extraction conditions and 2) the form of the substrate. Extraction at subambient temperatures has not been described for specific gliadins for either dry flour with the protein in native configurations or for wet, developed batter or dough. This limits the ability to interpret technologies such as the cold-ethanol method. Here, we describe specific albumin and gliadin composition of flour extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis CZE in 0–100% (v/v) ethanol from –12 to 22°C. Extraction was reduced for albumin and gliadin protein as the temperature was reduced and the concentration range for extraction narrowed. Extraction dropped precipitously between 0 and –7°C for both albumins and gliadins. Electrophoretically defined gliadins extracted in constant proportion at 22°C and 30–80%(v/v) ethanol, but at lower temperature, the α-gliadins were enriched and β-gliadins...
A novel murine model for localized radiation necrosis and its characterization using advanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose To develop a murine model of radiation necrosis using fractionated, subtotal cranial irradiation; and to investigate the imaging signature of radiation-induced tissue damage using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Methods and Materials Twenty-four mice each received 60 Gy of hemispheric (left) irradiation in 10 equal fractions. Magnetic resonance images at 4.7 T were subsequently collected using T1-, T2-, and diffusion sequences at selected time points after irradiation. After imaging, animals were killed and their brains fixed for correlative histologic analysis. Results Contrast-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at months 2, 3, and 4 showed changes consistent with progressive radiation necrosis. Quantitatively, mean diffusivity was significantly higher (mean = 0.86, 1.13, and 1.24 μm 2 /ms at 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively) in radiated brain, compared with contralateral untreated brain tissue (mean = 0.78, 0.82, and 0.83 μm 2 /ms) ( p Conclusions This murine model of radiation necrosis will facilitate investigation of imaging biomarkers that distinguish between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence. In addition, this preclinical study supports clinical data suggesting that diffusion-weighted imaging may be helpful in answering this diagnostic question in clinical settings.
Toxicology of brominated fatty acids: Metabolite concentration and heart and liver changes

Rats were fed for 35 days diets containing 2% of either brominated corn oil (BCO), monoglyceride of dibromostearate (DBS), monoglyceride of tetrabromostearate (TBS) or a mixture of the two monoglycerides (BMG) which provided proportions of brominated acids comparable to that of the BCO. Hearts from all animals fed BCO were yellow colored and firm in texture. Myocardial cellular degeneration, mild to moderate edema and occasional small necrotic foci were observed. Hearts from animals fed DBS showed moderate edema and some slight necrosis. All diets produced an increase in lipid content of heart. Animals fed the experimental diets developed enlarged livers and showed elevated liver lipid content. The tetrabromostearate appeared to be the more active in producing these changes, in particular a severe intracellular fatty degeneration. Shorter-chain (C-16, C-14) metabolites of di- and tetrabromostearate were identified and the concentration of brominated fatty acids in heart, liver and adipose tissue determined and found to account for 80% of the bromine detected in these tissues by neutron activation analysis. TBS accumulated in liver while the highest concentration of DBS was observed in heart lipids. Although the concentrations of brominated acids in heart and liver lipids were comparable in rats fed BCO or BMG, BCO produced the more pronounced effects. This differential could be due to additional active components in BCO or to a variation in response associated with changes in the location of the fatty acid on the glycerol molecule.
Characterization of DNA-CTAB Aggregates

Oligonucleotides will aggregate in the presence of a surfactant, much like the DNA aggregates that form during the transportation of genes through cell membranes. Aggregates formed from oligonucleotides of 20 to 100 bases in length in the presence of the surfactant, CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) have been characterized by UV spectroscopy and electrophoresis. UV spectroscopy showed that the absorbance increased as a result of light scattering from various sized aggregates that formed between oligonucleotides and CTAB when the ratio of CTAB to oligonucleotide concentration was about 0.5 or larger. Electrophoresis has been used to compare the mobilities of both single and double stranded DNA in the presence of CTAB. The results show that DNA - CTAB gives rise to smeared bands in the gels at room temperature indicative of a range of aggregate sizes where the aggregates may be falling apart as they migrate through the gel. Bands from gel electrophoresis of DNA-CTAB aggregates at 4° C do not appear smeared indicating that the presence of aggregates is temperature dependent. To better characterize these aggregates, we are currently staining the oligonucleotides with a fluorescent dye and visualizing them using microscopy and spectrofluorometry.
Phase matched AlGaAs/GaAs complementary HBTs for push-pull operation

Nearly ideal push-pull phase performance has been demonstrated using monolithically integrated AlGaAs/GaAs complementary HBTs. The maximum relative phase difference between the devices at a 5 GHz fundamental was 7 and 10° at the 10 GHz second harmonic. When compared to single-ended N pn performance the push-pull pairs exhibited lower second and fourth harmonic content while the fundamental and third harmonic levels were simultaneously reinforced. The phase coherence was stable over a large range of base-collector reverse bias and collector current.
STORIES OF THE STORYTELLING ORGANIZATION: A POSTMODERN ANALYSIS OF DISNEY AS "TAMARA-LAND"

My purpose is to theorize Walt Disney enterprises as a storytelling organization in which an active-reactive interplay of premodern, modern, and postmodern discourses occurs. A postmodern analysis ...
A production methodology for agile manufacturing in a high turnover environment

An analysis of the US border manufacturing industry revealed that, while a plentiful supply of inexpensive labor is available, there are high levels of absenteeism and turnover. This in turn has affected this industry’s ability to implement lean and agile manufacturing production environments. It was argued that lower inventory levels and quicker response time to market fluctuations are required for these manufacturers to stay competitive. Yet, without careful consideration of the idiosyncrasies of the infrastructure, the change to leaner and more agile manufacturing could destroy some of these plants. The high levels of absenteeism and turnover, which have a direct bearing on the low and variable product yield rates, could cause an agile and lean production system to fail. Yet this research has shown that a recursive, pull‐type production control system that will meet the required daily quota and minimize inventory while accounting for high levels of absenteeism and turnover that directly affect workstation yield rates would be advantageous. That is, a US border manufacturer can become leaner and more agile in spite of the drawbacks that are germane to the US border manufacturing industry.
Dopamine autoreceptor and postsynaptic receptor blocking potency of neuroleptics

Abstract Neuroleptic drugs have been shown to block brain dopamine (DA) receptors. The relative potency of neuroleptics at blocking DA postsynaptic receptors (PSRs) and autoreceptors (ARs) is less clear. To examine this question, the potency of 5 neuroleptics at inhibiting the augmentation of mouse climbing behavior induced by a high dose of apomorphine (2.5 mg/kg) (presumably mediated by DA PSRs) was compared with their potency at inhibiting the suppression of climbing behavior induced by a low dose of apomorphine (0.45 mg/kg) (presumably mediated by DA ARs). Haloperidol and molindone had no AR-blocking ability even at doses that substantially blocked DA PSRs. Metoclopramide and fluphenazine had AR-blocking ability only at doses that produced substantial PSR blockade. Sulpiride blocked DA ARs at doses that had relatively little PSR effect. It is concluded that neuroleptic drugs differ substantially in their relative potency at blocking DA ARs and PSRs.
Plain-radiographic image labeling: a process to improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose To determine the rate of film-labeling errors and to describe a process for improved plain-film image labeling and the clinical outcomes from this process improvement. Methods Image-labeling errors (absent or incorrectly assigned left or right lateral identifier marker, absent or incorrect patient-identifying number, absent or incorrect examination date, incorrect marker placement, absent technologist initial marker, or incorrect body-part order) were measured among 2,536 consecutive plain-film radiographs over a 2-week period. Following a process improvement initiative based on failure mode effectiveness analysis, left-side and right-side indicator markers, patient demographics, and date labels were identified as the most common sources of error. An improvement initiative using larger and colored left and right lateral indicator markers, an automated process to label patient demographics, and direct patient verification of identification was begun. The numbers of labeling errors were again assessed in 2,421 consecutive plain radiographs over a 2-week period. The error rates before and after the improvement initiatives were compared. Results Plain-radiographic labeling errors occurred in 62 of 2,536 (2.4%) images before the improvement initiative. Labeling errors were reduced to 17 of 2,421 (0.70%; 95% exact binomial confidence interval, 0.4% to 1.1%; P Conclusions Plain radiographic image labeling can be improved using bar-code reading of patient demographic information, linked to patient Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine modality work lists and image printing. Patient verification of demographic information is key and can be electronically managed. Lateral marker identification can be improved with larger (more easily read) and color-coded indicators.
Factors related to receipt of well-child visits in insured children.

Our objective was to identify factors related to receipt of the recommended number of well-child visits in insured children. We hypothesized parent insurance status would be related to receipt of well-child visits, with those with uninsured parents more likely to have fewer visits than recommended. Data for the study came from the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Household Component. The sample included children <18 years of age with full-year insurance coverage and parents who were insured or uninsured the entire year. The outcome variable indicated whether children had received fewer than the recommended number of well-child visits in physician offices or outpatient departments. Parent, family, and child characteristics were measured. Forty-eight percent of the 4,650 children included in the study had fewer well-child visits than recommended. Children whose parents did not visit a physician during the year and children whose parents had not completed high school were more likely to miss recommended visits. Parent insurance status did not affect well-child visits. We identified child, family, and parent factors influencing well-child visits in insured children, including the parent’s own use of physician visits. Contrary to our hypothesis, well-child visits were not influenced by parent insurance status. Determining which insured children are at greater risk of missing recommended well-child visits aids policymakers in identifying those who may benefit from interventions to improve use of preventive care.
Biblical Mythology and Christian Education

such material but treat it in differing ways. Usually these last seem embarrassed by what look to be remnants of an intellectually and religiously unsophisticated culture. So they present the material as one mythology among many. Again, it may be offered without comment; let the teacher decide the interpretation. Or the material may be rationalized; the evident naivete is covered by explanation. On the level of theological criticism there are two areas of development. One is the way of "demythologizing," which might perhaps better be called "reinterpretation." The other is the affirmation of the place of the mythological element in religious language. Perhaps before these options are examined, it would be well to ask how social scientists, working in the broad areas of culture, interpret myth today. The serious study of ancient cultures began during the nineteenth century through the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and sociology. The nineteenth was a century interested in origins and convinced that the march of mankind was always upward, that history looked forward to the perfect age, and hat progress was "inevitable." Obviously, then, if myths were a part of the earliest strata of a civilization, they must represent a lower form of development--intellectually and religiously. They were good eno gh-for their time. Now, however, such modes of expression have been outgrown. What the nineteenth-century researcher neglected to realize was that he interpreted his facts from the point of view of his own thought-world. Although everyone does this, the twentieth-century scholar at least acknowledges his self-involvement and tries to take this factor into account in the inter-
Specific heat of gases at the critical point

Es wird eine Ableitung einer bestimmbaren Gleichung fur die akustische Geschwindigkeit am kritischen Punkt eines Gases gegeben, die gestattet, einen Ausdruck fur die spezifische Warme zu gewinnen. Das Ergebnis wird hierauf vom Standpunkt der statistischen Thermodynamik erortert.
Language Difference or Learning Disability? Answers from a Linguistic Perspective

(2005). Language Difference or Learning Disability? Answers from a Linguistic Perspective. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 127-131.
Inhibitory effects of selenium on the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and AAF derivatives

Selenium (Se) decreased the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) and N-hydroxyaminofluorene (N-OH-AF) in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 bacterial tester system. Metabolism of AAF and N-OH-AFF to the active mutagen, N-OH-AF, was accomplished by rat liver extracts. Graded decreases in mutagenicity with increasing Se concentrations were observed for each of the three mutagens. Se decreased the mutagenicity of AAF, N-OH-AAF and N-OH-AF to 65, 68 and 61% of their respective controls with mutagen alone. The effective molar ratios of Se to mutagen yielding these decreases were approximately 10:1 (Se:AAF), 10:1 (Se:N-OH-AAF) and 300:1 (Se:N-OH-AF). The largest Se effect observed was accomplished by a molar ratio of 100:1 (Se:N-OH-AAF) yielding 28% of the mutagenicity elicited by N-OH-AAF alone.
The technology-dependent child.

Advances in technology allow survival to hospital discharge of patients who in the past would have died or been institutionalized indefinitely. The end result of technologic adaptations to the care of infants and children is an expanding population of technology-dependent pediatric patients. In turn, the primary care and coordination of subspecialty intervention for these children is largely the responsibility of the general pediatrician—efforts that invariably consume a disproportionate share of physician and staff time. Thus, working knowledge of issues pertaining to the care of technology-dependent children are important for all pediatric practitioners.
SU-FF-T-327: Comparison of Characteristics of Electron Beams Generated by Siemens and Varian Linear Accelerators

Purpose: To compare the electron beam data for Siemens and Varian accelerators. Method and Materials: Beam data for the electron beams for at least 4 linear accelerators are compared in seven categories: (1) percent depth dose for open beam and small circular cutouts, (3) phantom scatter factor, (4) head scatter factor as a function of cone size and SSD, (5) cone factors, (6) distance factor and (7) virtual source position. Results: PDD for broad beams is in good agreement among all accelerators. However, PDD for small circular cutouts of the two Siemens Oncor accelerators are different from the other accelerators with their mean energy shifted by 2 MeV. The phantom scatter factor, defined as the ratio of blocking factor in water at reference depth and head scatter factor in air, for the same cone size and radius, is a function of radius and nominal electron energy only, regardless of linac makers with a maximum and standard deviation of 10% (for the smallest cutout of 1cm) and 2.3%, respectively. The head scatter factor H is defined as the ratio of in‐air energy fluence between circular cutout with radius r and open cone for the same cone size and source‐to‐detector distance. The renormalized H is a function of electron energy and cutout radius. The cone factor for all energies, among all accelerators agreed within 1.9% among the Varian accelerators and 1.7% within the Siemens accelerators. The distance factors varied up to 10% for the smallest energy (6e) and up to 3.4% for the 21e. The virtual position varied by 3.8cm and 6.5cm for the Siemens and Varian accelerators, respectively. Conclusion: Accelerators from the same manufacturer, with the same nominal energy, can be treated as “identical” for conventional treatment except for small circular cutouts and large SSDs, where variations of 10% are observed.
Medical Returns as Class Transformation: Situating Migrants' Medical Returns within a Framework of Transnationalism

Because studies of migrants' ‘medical returns’ have been largely confined to the field of public health, such forms of return migration are rarely contextualized within the rich social scientific literature on transnational migration. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with Mexican migrants in an immigrant enclave in central California, I show that migrants' reasons for returning to their hometowns for care must be understood within the class disjunctures facilitated by migration. While migrants' Medicaid insurance confined them to public clinics and hospitals in the United States, their migrant dollars enabled them to visit private doctors and clinics in Mexico. Yet medical returns were not mere medical arbitrage, but also allowed migrants to access care that had previously been foreclosed to them as poor peasants in Mexico. Thus crossing the border enabled a dual class transformation, as Mexican migrants transitioned from Medicaid recipients to cash-paying patients, and from poor rural peasants to ‘retu...
The role of figure orientation and apparent depth in the perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion.

An experiment was performed which examined the role of figural orientation directly, and the role of an inappropriately invoked size-constancy mechanism indirectly, in the actuation and magnitude of the horizontal—vertical illusion. When the vertical line of the stimulus figure was aligned above the horizontal line, the illusory effect was significant and positive; in contrast, when the vertical line was located below the horizontal line, the illusion was negative. Under the assumption that a vertical line can appear as a foreshortened line in depth, these findings support an explanation based on the operation of a misapplied size-constancy mechanism.
The decay of Pb212

Abstract The gamma rays of Bi212 following the beta decay of 10 hour Pb212 have been studied using gamma response function analysis, coincidence spectroscopy and directional correlation techniques. The coincidence results agree in general with the level scheme proposed by Krisyouk et al. However a 177 keV gamma ray has been found, showing that transition to be M1 rather than E0. The weak 415 keV gamma radiation has been observed for the first time, and intensities assigned to all gamma radiations. Angular correlation experiments show the spins of the 415 keV and 300 keV levels to be 1 and 2 respectively, in disagreement with Krisyouk.
STORAGE STABILITY AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF UHT-PROCESSED WHEY-BANANA BEVERAGES

ABSTRACT Selected characteristics of whey-fortiﬁed banana beverages stored at 4,20,30and40Cweremonitoredatspeciﬁctimeintervalsovera60-daystorageperiod.Theparticlevolumemeandiameter(D43)remainedunchangedfortheentire study and the particle surface area mean diameter (D32) changed onlyin the ﬁrst week. The products remained light-colored ( L * ~ 71) for 60 days;redness ( a *), yellowness ( b *) and saturation ( C *) increased with time atelevated storage temperatures. The Hue ( H *) was smaller at elevated tem-peratures. A sensory descriptive analysis panel generated terms to describeand quantify the sensory characteristics of the whey-banana beverage storedat 4C. The product was a sour, sweet, smooth beverage, with distinctivebanana ﬂavor and minimum off-ﬂavor. A consumer panel indicated that sour-ness and acidity were critical quality factors. The main differences detectedwere for sedimentation (greater at 40C) and serum separation (minimum at4C). INTRODUCTION Heat processing of whey beverages is required to eliminate microorgan-isms, making the beverages suitable for human consumption. However, wheycomponents undergo a number of heat-induced physical and chemicalchanges, the magnitude of which are linked to reaction conditions (pH, con-centration, temperature, ionic strength) (de Wit 1981; Jelen and Bucheim1984; Lupano 1994; Rattray and Jelen 1997; Alting
Protocol for recombinant RBD-based SARS vaccines: protein preparation, animal vaccination and neutralization detection.

Based on their safety profile and ability to induce potent immune responses against infections, subunit vaccines have been used as candidates for a wide variety of pathogens 1-3. Since the mammalian cell system is capable of post-translational modification, thus forming properly folded and glycosylated proteins, recombinant proteins expressed in mammalian cells have shown the greatest potential to maintain high antigenicity and immunogenicity 4-6. Although no new cases of SARS have been reported since 2004, future outbreaks are a constant threat; therefore, the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV is a prudent preventive step and should be carried out. The RBD of SARS-CoV S protein plays important roles in receptor binding and induction of specific neutralizing antibodies against virus infection 7-9. Therefore, in this protocol, we describe novel methods for developing a RBD-based subunit vaccine against SARS. Briefly, the recombinant RBD protein (rRBD) was expressed in culture supernatant of mammalian 293T cells to obtain a correctly folded protein with proper conformation and high immunogenicity 6. The transfection of the recombinant plasmid encoding RBD to the cells was then performed using a calcium phosphate transfection method 6,10 with some modifications. Compared with the lipid transfection method 11,12, this modified calcium phosphate transfection method is cheaper, easier to handle, and has the potential to reach high efficacy once a transfection complex with suitable size and shape is formed 13,14. Finally, a SARS pseudovirus neutralization assay was introduced in the protocol and used to detect the neutralizing activity of sera of mice vaccinated with rRBD protein. This assay is relatively safe, does not involve an infectious SARS-CoV, and can be performed without the requirement of a biosafety-3 laboratory 15. The protocol described here can also be used to design and study recombinant subunit vaccines against other viruses with class I fusion proteins, for example, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, influenza virus, as well as Nipah and Handra viruses. In addition, the methods for generating a pseudovirus and subsequently establishing a pseudovirus neutralization assay can be applied to all these viruses.
An associative search strategy for information retrieval

Abstract This paper extends Goffman's Indirect Method of Information Retrieval by suggesting a more flexible search strategy. The suggested strategy in its simplified version is more effective than the Boolean strategy used in existing information retrieval systems and can be implemented at comparable costs. Some of its features might further increase the effectiveness of information retrieval systems.