cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significance of Copper Complex Thermal Stability in the Use of Metal Deactivators at Elevated Temperatures

A series of compounds were examined to determine which structural aspects were necessary to effectively block the catalytic activity of soluble copper that promotes thermal deposition from jet fuel during JFTOT testing. The results indicated that salicylidene compounds such as that currently used as a metal-deactivating additive are the most effective, with the copper coordinated with both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The significance of the thermal stability of the copper complex of the metal-deactivator additive was revealed through thermal-desorption mass spectrometry and XPS examination of copper-rich JFTOT tube deposits generated at high temperatures. Through JFTOT testing with heater tubes constructed from a variety of alloys, the impact of alloy composition on thermal deposition from jet fuel was demonstrated. These findings were used to construct a hypothesis that is consistent with the appearance of MDA induction periods in accelerated turbulent flow fuel tests.
Ecophysiological studies inHesperaloe funifera(Agavaceae): a potential new CAM crop. The effect of light availability on photosynthesis and growth

Abstract Hesperaloe funifera (Agavaceae) is being investigated as a new specialty-fiber crop for arid lands. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of reduced solar radiation on photosynthesis and growth in this CAM species. Peak CO 2 uptake integrated through 24 h was found to be highest during the fall. Although shading greatly reduced CO 2 uptake in fall and winter, the decrease was not statistically significant for the spring and summer. Total biomass was significantly different for the three light treatments, with average fresh weights of 5243 g, 4488 g, and 3671 g for the full-sun, 53%-sun, and 20%-sun treatments, respectively. The greatest differences were found in the crown growth, which would affect future production of both leaves and flower stalks. Photosynthesis and growth results suggest that the cultivation of Hesperaloe funifera will be favored in well-lit environments characteristic of arid or semi-arid climates.
Lipid exudation following plaque radiotherapy for posterior uveal melanoma.

Purpose To investigate factors associated with lipid exudation after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods Records of 139 consecutive uveal melanoma patients treated with I-125 plaque radiotherapy were reviewed. Lipid exudation was the major outcome measured. Results Lipid exudation was detected in 19 patients (13.7%). Mean time from plaque therapy to lipid exudation was 10 months (range, 3–23 months). Lipid exudation was associated with younger patient age ( P = .0002), increased low-density lipoprotein ( P = .004), decreased high-density lipoprotein ( P = .026), increased tumor thickness ( P = .024), and exudative retinal detachment ( P = .016). Patients with lipid exudation had worse visual outcome ( P P = .01). Conclusions Lipid exudation after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma is associated with poor ocular outcome. Factors associated with this lipid exudation are distinct from those associated with radiation retinopathy, and they may suggest interventions to combat this complication.
The Market for New Ph.D. Economists

Multinomial logit analysis, based on survey questionnaires, shows that graduate program ranking, length of time in the Ph.D. program, publications, and marital status are important determinants of occupational outcome for new Ph.D. economists.
Endoscopic transduodenal drainage of an abscess arising after EUS-FNA of a duodenal GI stromal tumor

compared with fluoroscopic-guided laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) by ERCP, PDCS-L with a standard endoscope with a 4-way bending system can be safely performed for the EHL, capture, and removal of bile duct stones under visual control. Second, because a standard upper endoscope is commonly available, PDCS-L with a standard upper endoscope would likely be a feasible procedure in most endoscopy centers. However, PDCS-L with a standard upper endoscope can only be performed on a subset of patients with difficult CBD stones, due to variable successful intubation rates to the bile duct. In a previous series, the successful intubation rate to the bile duct for PDCS by an upper endoscope (tip diameter 9 mm) was about 71% (10/14). In summary, PDCS-L with a standard upper endoscope may be feasible and effective for difficult bile duct stones. Further experience with this technique will define its role in the treatment of the subset of patients who have difficult CBD stones. Moreover, this approach will not become the standard of care until more data are available from multiple centers confirming its successful outcome.
Aerodynamic behavior of a gas mask canister containing two porous media

Abstract This paper discusses the aerodynamic behaviors of a gas mask canister with a complex inner structure and two porous materials in the filter layer and the activated carbon layer. The effects of the distribution and area of holes in the main sieve diaphragm and the thickness of the activated carbon layer on the pressure drop and the flow structure were determined using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools. The momentum loss of porous flow calculated by Forchheimer's equation was added to the source term in the momentum equation. Streakline flow visualization was employed to observe gas flow structures within the empty canister and to identify the shortcomings of the prototype canister. Simulation results for the estimated inertial and viscosity parameters in Forchheimer's equation agree closely with experimental values. The porosity of the canister for intake flows of 15–135 L/min causes the flow behavior to transition gradually from linear (viscous effect) to slight non-linear behavior (slight inertia effect). This study uses air age as an index of the time that air resides within the canister to displace the adsorption time of toxic gas. This approach conveniently elucidates overall filter capacity and the positions of dead zones in the activated carbon layer. The simulation results reveal that the channel design of the main sieve diaphragm dominates the aerodynamic behavior of the fluid within the activated carbon layer. Better hole distribution and a larger hole area correspond to a lower pressure drop, a smaller dead zone, and a higher adsorption time. The results in this study provide a valuable reference for designing channels in the main sieve diaphragm, and will be helpful in designing gas mask canisters.
Lee N Robins.

On 25 September 2009, Lee Nelken Robins, PhD, lost her long bout with colon cancer. She was 87. She was professor emeritus of social science in psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. She was also a highly esteemed psychiatric researcher with a long and influential career. Robins was elected to the ACNP in 1967 and was a life fellow at the time of her death. Robins was born in New Orleans on 29 August 1922, and earned her doctoral degree in 1951, from Harvard University/Radcliffe College. She began her career at Washington University School of Medicine as a research assistant in the Department of Psychiatry, and was promoted to full professor in 1968. She founded and directed the unique Master's Program in Psychiatric Epidemiology, still in existence at the School of Medicine. She was also active on the undergraduate campus, where she held several positions through the years: lecturer and adjunct associate professor of sociology from 1957 to 1963, professor of sociology from 1969 to 1991, and professor in the Program for Social Thought and Analysis, beginning in 1991 until she retired in 2001. Her research placed her at the forefront of psychiatric epidemiology research, with a career spanning five decades. Her early work focused on the effect of psychiatric disorders occurring in childhood on later adult life, spawning her seminal work, Deviant Children Grown Up, published by Williams & Wilkins in 1966. Later NIH-funded studies looked at other populations, such as Vietnam veterans and disaster survivors, but it is the pioneering Epidemiologic Catchment Area study conducted in the 1980s with which she is perhaps most associated. She and principal investigators at other sites led this monumental study investigating the prevalence of psychiatric illness among the general population, for which 20 000 people were interviewed. Robins wrote the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and, indeed, was a leader in the development of psychiatric assessments, training researchers from throughout the world in interview administration. Robins achieved numerous distinctions in her career, including fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, fellow of the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs, member of the Institute of Medicine, the Paul Hoch Award from the American Psychopathological Association, the Nathan B Eddy Award from the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs section of the American Public Health Association, honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Psychiatrists and of the American Society of Psychiatrists, and the 2005 honorary grand marshal at the university's commencement. In addition to her prolific and significant work, she and her husband Eli had four sons, eight grandchildren, and two great grandchildren. Robins was widowed in 1994, but she remarried in 1998, to Hugh Chaplin, Jr, MD, emeritus professor in Washington University School of Medicine's Departments of Medicine and Pathology and former head of the Irene Walter Johnson Institute of Rehabilitation.
Research on controlling suicide: Methodological issues

Abstract Populations vary in the structured opportunities that exist for suicide. The extent of gun ownership and the availability of toxic gas are two of the key facilitators of suicide (e.g., Clarke & Lester, 1989; Gundlach, 1990; Lester, 1990a. 1992a. 1996; Rich et al., 1990). For example, populations valuing gun ownership would be expected to have higher gun suicide rates, given that the former creates “lethal opportunities” for suicide by guns (e.g., Lester, 1996). For example, in the U.S. during 1953-1978 firearm suicide increased from 4.9 to 7.1 per 100,OOO population as guns became more available (Boyd, 1983). while non gun suicide fell from 5.9 to 5.4 per 100,000.
Bifunctional Zn(II) complexes for recognition of non-canonical thymines in DNA bulges and G-quadruplexes

Six Zn(II) complexes of derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) were studied for binding to DNA sequences containing non-canonical thymines, including a hairpin with a single thymine bulge (T-bulge) and a G-quadruplex (H-telo) containing thymine loops. The cyclen-based macrocycles contained pendents with either two fused rings to give planar groups including quinolinone (QMC), coumarin (MCC) and quinoline (CQC) derivatives or a non-planar dansyl group (DSC). Macrocyclic complexes with three fused rings including an anthraquinone pendent (ATQ) were also studied. All Zn(II) complexes were stable in solution at micromolar concentrations and neutral pH with the Zn(L)(OH2) species prevailing for L = QMC and CQC at pH 7.5 and 100 mM NaCl. Immobilized T-bulge or H-telo G-quadruplex was used to study binding of the complexes by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for several of the complexes. For the most part, data matched well with that obtained by isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and, for fluorescent complexes, by fluorescence titrations. Data showed that Zn(II) complexes containing planar aromatic pendents with two fused rings bound to T-bulge more tightly than complexes with non-planar pendents such as DSC. The H-telo DNA exhibited multiple binding sites for all complexes containing aromatic pendents. The complexes with two fused rings bound with low micromolar dissociation constants and two binding sites whereas a complex with three fused rings (ATQ) bound to three sites. This study shows that different pendent groups on Zn(II) cyclen complexes impart selectivity for recognition of non-canonical DNA structures.
Exploration of momentum evolution and three-dimensional localization in recombined electron wave packets

Picosecond ``half-cycle'' pulses (HCPs) have been used to produce electronic wave packets by recombining photoelectrons with their parent ions. The time-dependent momentum distributions of the bound wave packets are probed using a second HCP and the impulsive momentum retrieval (IMR) method. For a given delay between the initial photoionization event and the HCP recombination, classical trajectory simulations predict pronounced periodic wave packet motion for a restricted range of recombining HCP amplitudes. This motion is characterized by the repeated formation and collapse of a highly localized spike in the three-dimensional electron probability density at a large distance from the nucleus. Our experiments confirm that oscillatory wave packet motion occurs only for certain recombination ``kick'' strengths. Moreover, the measured time-dependent momentum distributions are consistent with the predicted formation of a highly localized electron packet. We demonstrate a variation of the IMR in which amplitude modulation of the HCP probe field is employed to suppress noise and allow for a more direct recovery of electron momentum from experimental ionization data.
Preservice Teacher Education: Innovative Applications of Interactive Television

Responsible educators find the need for continual renewal. The rapid advance of technology requires teachers learn new strategies and techniques for the productive use of these tools. The projects described above provided preservice faculty, students, and inservice educators with opportunities to learn about new technologies and to explore innovative uses of the technology. Opportunities to utilize distance education systems, such as the Iowa Communications Network, are numerous throughout the entire teacher preparation process. Iowa teacher educators have the opportunity to prepare their students to be capable classroom teachers who have the knowledge and skills to facilitate learning in an array of educational environments.
Intimate Justice. III: Healing the Anguish of Abuse and Embracing the Anguish of Accountability

This article presents an exploratory approach to couples therapy for abuse based on intimate justice theory. The article explains "the accountability axiom," which brings the relationship between the anguish of abuse and the anguish of accountability into focus. Understanding the accountability axiom can help therapists simultaneously engage both the victim of abuse and the abuser by creating two therapeutic environments in conjoint therapy--one environment that affirms the victim and one that challenges the abuser. The ideas are based on a qualitative study conducted by the authors, and the approach is illustrated with a clinical case involving psychological abuse.
Concatenation of Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectra To Improve Calibrations for Determining Forage Composition

The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of combining near- and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra to improve partial least squares calibrations. A set of 174 chlorite-treated feedstuffs were assayed chemically and spectroscopically for fiber, crude protein, lignin, digestibility, and lignin composition. All samples were scanned by diffuse reflectance in the near- and mid-infrared using a Fourier transform spectrometer equipped with a sample transport (to increase the amount of sample scanned) under various instrument configurations. Partial least squares analysis showed little or no improvement in calibration results by combining near- and mid-infrared spectra, although results using both regions together were at times better than those obtained using one of the two regions. In conclusion, results indicated that combining data from the near- and mid-infrared spectral regions offers little or no advantage over the use of a single spectral range. Keywords: NIRS; mid-infrared; forag...
Finite element-boundary integral formulation for electromagnetic scattering

Abstract A new formulation is described which combines the most robust attributes of the volume finite element and surface integral equation approaches to electromagnetic boundary value solutions. The result is a numerical technique which may be applied to scattering problems involving configurations having metallic surfaces and inhomogeneous penetrable material situated in open spatial regions. This is accomplished by way of coupling internal region finite element modal field solutions to equivalent currents on the surrounding boundary surface through an appropriate surface integral equation. The method is demonstrated for the special case of scattering by axisymmetric inhomogeneous penetrable objects. Example numerical calculations are presented for validation of the procedure and potential problem areas are discussed.
Feasibility of congestive heart failure telemanagement using a wii-based telecare platform

A gaming platform has been used to implement a Home Automated Telemanagement (HAT) system for chronic disease management in the patient's home. The system questions patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) to monitor symptoms, weight changes, and quality of life while educating the patient on their disease. The system is designed to run on the Nintendo Wii videogame console using an active internet connection and the console's built in internet browser. It questions the patient daily on their condition, monitors their weight, and provides the patient with instant feedback on their condition in the form of a 3 zone CHF action plan. The system is designed to be as simple as possible, making it usable by patients with no prior computer or videogame experience. This telemanagement system has been successfully designed and implemented to optimize the care of patients with CHF.
Poly(vinyl ether)s and poly(propenyl ether)s containing mesogenic groups: a new class of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers

Preparation des polymeres cristaux liquides thermotropes contenant le mesogene methoxy-4 hydroxy-4' biphenyle dans la chaine laterale et differents espaceurs entre les mesogenes et le squelette et caracterisation par DSC et microscopie optique
Determining genetic stabilities of chimeric dengue vaccine candidates based on dengue 2 PDK-53 virus by sequencing and quantitative TaqMAMA.

The genetic stabilities of the three attenuation loci of the candidate dengue 2 (D2) PDK-53 vaccine virus were evaluated for the PDK-53 virus and PDK-53-vectored chimeric D2/1, D2/3, and D2/4 viruses following 10 sequential passages in Vero cells. Sequencing revealed that the dominant NS1-53-Asp and the NS3-250-Val attenuation loci were extremely stable, whereas reversion occurred at the 5'NCR-57-U locus in 10 of the 18 viral lineages tested. A more sensitive and quantitative assay, the TaqMan mismatch amplification mutation assay (TaqMAMA), was employed to more finely discriminate the level of reversion at the 5'NCR-57 locus. This rapid genetic assay permitted detection of 80% in the viral population. Chimeric viruses based on the PDK-53-V (all three mutations present) genetic background were more stable than those developed in the PDK-53-E (5'NCR and NS1 mutations present) background. The TaqMAMA can be applied in quality control analyses to ensure that attenuated vaccine seeds contain undetectable or minimal levels of reversion at a given attenuation locus.
Conversion of a fused or ankylosed knee to a total-knee arthroplasty

AbstractPurpose of reviewRecent reports have revisited the issue of conversion of an ankylosed knee to total-knee arthroplasty (TKA). Here, recent studies are reviewed and placed within the context of previous reports.Recent findingsAn ankylosed or formally fused knee has been considered a contraind
Enumerating maximal-order abelian groups within a set of eligible elements

An implicit enumeration algorithm for finding maximal-order abelian groups contained within a set of potential group elements is described. The problem of finding such groups arises in the area of experimental design when certain symmetrical fractional factorials are desired. Simple complete enumeration algorithms are inefficient in the sense that each distinct group is generated more than once. The proposed algorithm utilizes a system of flags in conjunction with a subset selection procedure such that each distinct group is generated exactly once. The algorithm is applied to problems in the design of experiments, and solutions are presented.
The development of first songs in young children

A longitudinal study of young children's singing suggests an evolution into two types of vocal performance-one, an organized approximation of standard tune structures, the other a fluid exploration of the vocal medium. These early musical developments are examined in the light of conceptual progress in other media.
Are sensation seeking and emotion processing related to or distinct from cognitive control in children with ADHD

This study evaluated the relationship of (a) reactive inhibition and right-lateralized emotion processing to each other and (b) to executive control of response suppression, and (c) with regard to ADHD in 134 children ages 7–12 years. Reactive inhibition was indexed by child ratings of sensation seeking on the Sensation Seeking Scales, executive control by the Stop Signal Task, emotion processing by performance on the Chimeric Faces Test, and ADHD by parent- and teacher-reported symptoms. The results were consistent with a two-process model in which executive control, conceived as a right-hemisphere lateralized function, was distinct from sensation seeking and lateralized emotion processing. Supporting this distinction, ADHD was associated with executive control, but not with sensation seeking/reactive inhibition or lateralized emotion processing. The findings suggest that ADHD cannot be understood as a global right-lateralized neuropsychological weakness, but rather that it involves only particular funct...
Analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering data of protein-detergent complexes by singular value decomposition

Small-angle X-ray scattering can be a valuable tool in the structural characterization of membrane protein–detergent complexes (PDCs). However, a major challenge is to separate the PDC scattering signal from that of the `empty' detergent micelle in a protein–detergent mixture. We briefly review an approach that allows approximate determination of the PDC scattering signal at low momentum transfer and present a novel approach that employs a singular value decomposition (SVD) and fitting of scattering data collected at different protein–detergent stoichiometries. The SVD approach allows the scattering profile for the PDC over the entire measured momentum transfer range to be obtained, it is applicable to strongly scattering detergents and can take into account interparticle interference. The two approaches are contrasted and an application to the membrane protein TM0026 from Thermotoga maritima is presented.
Programmed increased longevity induced by weak pulsating current in Paramecium

The effect of specific pulsating currents on Paramecia longevity was monitored using electromagnetic current induction. Paramecium consists of eukaryotic cells with a surface membrane which exhibits ionic mechanisms of excitation similar to muscle and nerve cells of metazoans. These protozoan cells can generate receptor and action potentials in response to proper electrical, mechanical or chemical stimuli. Paramecium has also been used as a clonal aging system and as a model system of cellular senescence since the number of cell divisions after origin of the clone at fertilization until the death is limited, predictable, short, and species-specific. When cells were cultivated in pulsating currents, the survival of treated cells was increased relative to controls at specific age intervals in response to specific current signals. The induced voltage was obtained using air-gap coils driven by a programmable supply. The basic pulse-waveform and the periodicity (single pulse versus pulse burst and repetition rate) were examined. The results show that a significant (P < 0.05) mean lifespan could be attained with certain signals. When cells were shifted to optimal current signals for given ages, a 17% increase in mean lifespan was obtained. Maximal lifespan could be increased 33 % by exposure to an optimal program of specific current signals.
Reversible adduct formation of trimethylgallium and trimethylindium with ammonia.

We have used gas-phase infrared spectroscopy to determine the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the formation of (CH3)3Ga:NH3 and (CH3)3In:NH3 adducts in the 80−230 °C range. In this temperature range, and at reactant concentrations typically used for metal organic chemical vapor deposition, the dominant chemical reaction is reversible adduct formation/dissociation. Reaction enthalpies and entropies are extracted from the temperature dependence of Kp, yielding ΔH(Ga) = −16.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, ΔS(Ga) = −32.4 ± 1.2 eu, and ΔH(In) = −15.0 ± 0.6 kcal/mol, ΔS(In) = −30.3 ± 1.4 eu. These results will aid current and future modeling efforts, as well as advance our general understanding of the group-III nitride deposition process.
Effect of long-term β-blockade on aortic root compliance in patients with Marfan syndrome

Abstract Background This study was undertaken to assess the effect of long-term β-blockade on the aortic root stiffness index and distensibility in patients with Marfan syndrome. Methods Aortic root stiffness index and distensibility were calculated according to the formulas of Stefanadis and Hirai, respectively, with 2-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiogram before and after an average of 26 months of atenolol administration. Results Twenty-three asymptomatic patients were studied (11 men and 12 women, aged 31 ± 14.2 years). The follow-up was 4 ± 2.2 years. The dose of atenolol was individualized (mean 43.5 ± 21.6 mg/d). Heart rate decreased from 79 ± 9 beats/min to 64 ± 9 beats/min ( P = .01), and systolic blood pressure decreased from 124 ± 13 mm Hg to 114 ± 2 mm Hg ( P = .01). Distensibility increased from 1.85 ± 0.70 × 10 –6 cm 2 /dynes –1 to 2.21 ± 0.76 × 10-6 cm 2 /dynes –1 ( P = .02), and the stiffness index decreased from 9.68 ± 3.78 to 8.85 ± 3.15 ( P = .2). Two groups of responses to treatment were identified. Compared with baseline values 15 (65%) patients who responded to treatment had increased distensibility and decreased stiffness index of the aortic root ( P = .05). Eight patients (35%) who did not respond to treatment had no significant change. Body weight >91 kg and baseline end-diastolic aortic root diameter >40 mm were significantly associated with no response ( P = .05). Two patients in the nonresponding group had echocardiographic progression of aortic insufficiency. Conclusions There was a heterogeneous response in the aortic root elastic properties after long-term treatment with atenolol in asymptomatic patients with Marfan syndrome. Stiffness index and distensibility are more likely to respond when the baseline end-diastolic aortic root diameter is
Adsorption and thermal reaction of DMMP in nanocrystalline NaY.

In this study, FTIR spectroscopy and solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR were used to investigate the adsorption and thermal reaction of the nerve gas simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in nanocrystalline NaY with a crystal size of ∼30 nm. DMMP adsorbs molecularly in nanocrystalline NaY at 25 °C. Gas-phase products of the reaction of DMMP and oxygen in nanocrystalline NaY at 200 °C were monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and determined to be carbon dioxide (major product), formaldehyde, and dimethyl ether. In the presence of water, the thermal reaction of DMMP in nanocrystalline NaY at 200 °C yielded methanol (major product), carbon dioxide, and dimethyl ether. When the thermal reaction of DMMP in nanocrystalline NaY at 200 °C was conducted in the presence of water and oxygen, the predominant products were methanol and carbon dioxide. Hydroxyl sites located on the external zeolite surface were consumed during the DMMP thermal reactions as monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and were therefore determ...
Power management for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Reinforcement Learning with trip information

In this paper, we present a new method of power management for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) using Reinforcement Learning technique combined with trip information. Our new control strategy uses the remaining travel distance, which can be easily obtained from today's Global Positioning System (GPS), for the energy optimization of PHEVs. For a given trip, the remaining distance is highly correlated to the future energy consumption, a quantity our controller tries to learn and optimize continuously. The simulation results confirm the self-improving capability of our reinforcement learning controller and show that our controller outperforms the rule-based controller with respect to a defined reward function.
A new β-catenin-dependent activation domain in T cell factor

Transcription of the lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF1) gene is aberrantly activated in sporadic colon cancer, whereas this gene is not expressed in the normal adult colon. We have shown previously that promoter 1 of the LEF1 gene is activated by T cell factor (TCF)-beta-catenin complexes in transient transfection assays, suggesting that LEF1 is a target of the Wnt pathway in colon cancer. To further explore the link between LEF1 expression and the Wnt pathway, we studied two response elements in the promoter. Surprisingly we found that the LEF1 promoter is selectively activated by specific isoforms of the LEF/TCF transcription factor family that contain an alternative C-terminal "E" tail. These isoforms, TCF-1E and TCF-4E, activate the promoter in a beta-catenin-dependent manner. We show that a complete E-tail domain is necessary for full activity and delimits residues within two highly conserved peptide motifs within the tail that are required (KKCRARFG; WCXXCRRKKKC). These peptide motifs are not only conserved among the TCF family members but are also found in two newly identified DNA-binding proteins named papillomavirus binding factor and GLUT4 enhancer factor. This study thus identifies a new and unique set of motifs used by the Wnt pathway for target gene regulation.
Protons in the Earth's Magnetic Field

The identity, flux, and energy distribution of particles trapped in the earth's magnetic field were determined for those particles which penetrate more than 6 g/cm/sup 2/ of material. Nuclear emulsions exposed to the Van Allen radiation belt by a Thor-Able ballistic missile were used in the measurements. The separation of protons and electrons was done unambiguously for proton energies up to 700 Mev by measuring the ionizatlon of their tracks. (W.D.M.)
RESPONSE TO AN HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE B (HIB) CONJUGATE VACCINE BOOSTER FOLLOWING LOW ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO SIMULTANEOUS DTaP-HIB-HEPATITIS B COMBINATION VACCINE IN INFANTS. ▴ 1076

RESPONSE TO AN HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE B (HIB) CONJUGATE VACCINE BOOSTER FOLLOWING LOW ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO SIMULTANEOUS DTaP-HIB-HEPATITIS B COMBINATION VACCINE IN INFANTS. ▴ 1076
Stabilities of dobutamine, dopamine, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside in disposable plastic syringes.

Summary The solutions of dobutamine hydrochloride (5 mg/ml), dopamine hydrochloride (4mg/ml), nitroglycerin (1 mg/ml) and sodium nitroprusside (1 mg/ml) in dextrose 5% injection were stable for 24 h when stored at 25°C in 60-ml plastic syringes. For sodium nitroprusside, the syringes must be wrapped with aluminium foil (provided by the manufacturer), otherwise the loss in potency is very high (22%). There was no change in the pH values of dobutamine and dopamine solutions as well as sodium nitroprusside solutions in the prewrapped syringes. However, the pH value of nitroglycerin solutions decreased to 4·3 from 4·6 and that of sodium nitroprusside solutions in unwrapped syringes from 4·2 to 3·5; these solutions had discoloured. The chromatogram also showed new peaks from the products of decomposition. The physical appearances of the other solutions did not change.
Conduction Electrons in Pseudonickel Alloys from Hall Data

The two Hall coefficients and resistivity of four Ni-Cu-Fe alloys having 28 electrons per atom, with Ni content from 97 to 70 atomic percent, have been measured at 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and room temperature using fields up to 3.1 webers/${\mathrm{meter}}^{2}$. ${R}_{0}$ is found to increase with decreasing temperature for all compositions, and also to increase with decreasing Ni content for each of the three temperatures measured. The effective number of conduction electrons calculated from the ${R}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$ measured at low temperatures is found to fall smoothly from the anomalous peak at pure Ni to about 0.3 at 70% Ni, in agreement with the predictions of the four-band model. A short summary of the considerable evidence supporting this model is given. The extraordinary Hall coefficient, ${R}_{e}$, is negative at all temperatures for the three samples richest in Ni, being increasingly negative as the Ni content is lowered. On the other hand, the 70% Ni-20% Cu-10% Fe alloy has positive extraordinary Hall coefficients at all temperatures. The behavior of ${R}_{e}$ obeys none of the variously proposed theoretical relations.
Concurrent transition system semantics of process networks

Using concurrent transition systems [Sta86], we establish connections between three models of concurrent process networks, Kahn functions, input/output automata, and labeled processes. For each model, we define three kinds of algebraic operations on processes: the product operation, abstraction operations, and connection operations. We obtain homomorphic mappings, from input/output automata to labeled processes, and from a subalgebra (called “input/output processes”) of labeled processes to Kahn functions. The proof that the latter mapping preserves connection operations amounts to a new proof of the “Kahn Principle.” Our approach yields: (1) extremely simple definitions of the process operations; (2) a simple and natural proof of the Kahn Principle that does not require the use of “strategies” or “scheduling arguments”; (3) a semantic characterization of a large class of labeled processes for which the Kahn Principle is valid, (4) a convenient operational semantics for nondeterminate process networks.
Nocturnal illumination maintains reproductive function and simulates the period-lengthening effect of constant light in the mature male Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)

Mature male Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were placed in individual light-tight, sound attenuated chambers and exposed to one of four lighting conditions for a duration of approximately seven weeks. The four lighting conditions were: constant light (LL); constant dark (DD); feedback lighting (LDFB; a condition that illuminates the cage in response to locomotor activity); or a feedback lighting neighbor control (LDFB NC; the animal receives the same light pattern as a paired animal in feedback lighting, but has no control over it). Exposure of hamsters to LL or LDFB produced significantly and similarly longer free-running periods of the locomotor activity rhythm than exposure of animals to DD. Hamsters exposed to LDFB NC did not free-run or entrain, but rather displayed "relative coordination". The paired testes and sex accessory glands weights suggest that in the Djungarian hamster, LL and LDFB exposed animals maintained reproductive function, whereas DD exposed animals did not. Animals exposed to LDFB NC had intermediate paired testes weights. Since several previous studies have demonstrated that short pulses of light, which are coincident with the subjective night, are photostimulatory, it is not surprising that LDFB maintained reproductive function in the mature Djungarian hamster. Feedback lighting, however, has been shown to be an insufficient stimulus to maintain reproductive function of mature male and female Syrian hamsters, and to the reproductive maturation of immature Djungarian hamsters. The results suggest that there may be slight, but significant differences in the way these two species interpret photoperiod, as well as a developmental change in the photoperiodic response of Djungarian hamsters.
Grafting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) brushes on oxides using click chemistry

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) brushes on silicon dioxide (SiO2) were prepared using a click reaction between ethynyl-terminated P3HT and an azide self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Regioregular ethynyl-terminated P3HT with molecular weight of 5900 g mol−1 and polydispersity of 1.2 was synthesized by catalyst-transfer polycondensation using Grignard metathesis mediated by a nickel-based catalyst. The azide SAM was prepared from bifunctional molecules containing azide and siloxane as click reaction precursor and surface linker, respectively. The P3HT brushes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The grafting of P3HT brushes was studied as a function of click reaction time and the growth of the brushes is governed by a diffusion-controlled process. P3HT brushes were prepared on pre-fabricated field-effect transistor structures in order to probe the electrical properties of the brushes. The versatile synthetic methodology developed in this work can be generalized to prepare a wide variety of semiconducting conjugated polymer brushes on oxide surfaces relevant to organic electronic devices.
Dispersion model maps spread of Fukushima radiation

When water flooded the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on 11 March 2011, killing power to the plant and destroying its backup generators, the earthquake-triggered disaster resulted in a major nuclear accident, with the plant pouring radioactive material into the air and the water. Research into the effects of the radiation on humans and the environment has been ongoing, but to ensure the accuracy of these aftermath investigations requires understanding the precise concentrations, distribution patterns, and timing of the radionuclide emissions. To provide such an assessment for the marine environment, Estournel et al. used an ocean and atmosphere dispersion model to simulate the movements of radioactive cesium-137 throughout the Japanese coastal waters for 3.5 months following the earthquake.
DISEASE SEVERITY, PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS AND DEPRESSION IN HIV-INFECTED MEN

Previous research has failed to identify a consistent relationship between HIV disease severity and depression. However, HIV/AIDS can lead to substantial physical limitations in those with advanced disease, which may influence mood. This study examined the extent to which HIV disease severity and physical limitations were associated with depressive symptoms in 49 HIV-infected men at the final stages of a 5-year prospective study. No differences were found in depression or quality of life among men who were asymptomatic, symptomatic, or diagnosed with AIDS. Forty-three percent of subjects reported substantial physical limitations, which were associated with higher depression scores and poorer quality of life. Degree of physical limitation predicted depression concurrently as well as depression 6 months later, after controlling for disease stage, physical symptoms, and CD4 cell counts. Findings suggest that physical limitations are more important than laboratory markers of disease progression in understanding psychological adjustment to illness in HIV-infected men.
Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model

The objective of this study was to create a rhinogenic model of sinusitis using an implanted foreign body in the nasal cavity of the rabbit. The study design was a prospective controlled trial of the experimental design. In this model an obstructing foreign body was placed into the nasal cavity and then impregnated with pathogenic bacteria. This model was studied histologically using wholemount techniques. Quantitative assessment of the degree of inflammation was made for the maxillary and ethmoid sinus and for overall effect for each animal. Bacteriologic study was performed in a limited number of animals. The results indicated that a significant infection develops in about half of animals. This peaks in intensity between 1 and 2 weeks after implantation and subsequently subsides with some evidence of long-term changes present after 4 weeks. It is concluded that this is a viable and perhaps preferable animal model to study sinusitis. Further investigation is necessary to completely characterize this model.
Age-structure, recruitment, and adult mortality in populations of the Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, from 1978 to 1997

The Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817), is a dominant member of the benthic community on the continental shelf from Georges Bank to North Carolina, USA. This bivalve has supported a major fishery, primarily off New Jersey and the Delmarva Peninsula, since the 1960s. Early papers documented that these populations were at historical lows in the mid-1970s owing to commercial harvesting and a hypoxic event off New Jersey. It was also shown that major recruitment took place off New Jersey in 1976 and off the Delmarva Peninsula in 1977. Because the size frequencies of surfclams from federal surveys do not show distinct year classes, there has been uncertainty about the number of year classes in these populations throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The present study describes changes in population age- and size-structure from 1978 to 1997 in federal waters (≥5.5 km from shore) of the USA. Given the 30 to 35 year life span of S. solidissima, these populations could be composed of many year classes. Yet, these populations were composed of only two to three year classes in 1978. Through annual recruitment, the number of year classes increased over time, and populations off New Jersey and the Delmarva Peninsula contained at least 19 year classes in 1997. This major change in population structure over time was not evident from examination of available size-frequency data, and could only be inferred from data on age-composition. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the surfclam fishery was supported by multiple year classes. The mean and variance of recruitment to the New Jersey region, as indicated by the abundance of 4-year-olds over time, was greater than that off Delmarva, particularly between 1980 and 1986. The instantaneous rate of adult mortality, which includes the effect of harvesting, was approximately 0.26 yr−1 in each region.
Nursing assistant beliefs about their roles and nursing home residents: implications for nursing home social work practice

The purpose of this study is to examine beliefs and assumptions held by nursing assistants working in nursing homes using a qualitative approach. Unchallenged notions about residents and the roles held by nursing assistants influence their way of interacting with residents, which inevitably influences quality of care in nursing homes. When nursing assistants have an opportunity to be heard and mentored by social workers, they can address and resolve the dilemma of providing informal care as a formal caregiver by discussing what is acceptable and appropriate in nursing home care.
Topoisomerase inhibition by lucanthone, an adjuvant in radiation therapy

Purpose: To determine whether lucanthone can inhibit human topoisomerases in vitro. Methods and Materials: Lucanthone was incubated with human topoisomerases II and I together with their plasmid substrates, to determine if lucanthone interfered with the catalytic activities of topoisomerases and if it enhanced the formation of DNA strand breaks, as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis of the resultant plasmid forms. Results: Incubation of the enzymes with lucanthone inhibited the catalytic activity of topoisomerases II and I. With topoisomerase II, it increased the abundance of DNA double strand breaks (cleavable complexes). Conclusion: Lucanthone, like actinomycin D, inhibited topoisomerases II and I. It may act to enhance the yield of DNA double strand breaks in cells through a mechanism of topoisomerase II inhibition.
A new TCP and UDP network benchmark suite

Field tests that require accurate network performance measurement often use some well known benchmark programs like TTCP. However, those well known benchmark programs are either outdated or are not able to display real-time network throughput. In addition, many of the existing benchmark programs do not provide a mechanism for measuring channel noise in field tests like those needed for evaluating powerline and wireless channels. In wireless and powerline field tests, measuring short term packet drop rates is often painful and tools lack visualization aids to help network developers to see the network status in real time. To address these needs, we developed a new network benchmark suite that is not only able to provide real time data visualization, but also proved to be much more accurate than TTCP. The design of the software allows it to measure over a very long period of time without human interaction. We have placed the program in the public domain and it is freely available to the research community.
Adsorption of 4-Methacryloxyethyl Trimellitate Anhydride (4-META) on Hydroxyapatite and its Role in Composite Bonding

The adsorption of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) was studied from ethanol and dichloromethane onto synthetic hydroxyapatite (containing about 1.5 monolayers of physisorbed water) in order to study its role in restorative composite bonding to teeth. The adsorption isotherm of 4-META was S-shaped and reversible from ethanol, and followed the Langmuir plot at lower concentrations. The isotherm was irreversible from dichloromethane, and a constant amount of adsorbate was removed from the solutions above a certain concentration. The irreversibly adsorbed compound was completely removed by washing with ethanol. Therefore, the bonding between teeth and the restorative resin containing 4-META as a coupling agent is micromechanical and not chemical in nature. An analysis of isotherms showed that the benzene rings of the adsorbate molecules lie flat on the surface for both solvents. The molecules adsorbed from ethanol rotate about the solvent-modified (esterified) or unmodified carboxylic anhydride moieties with methacrylate hydrocarbon groups which are folded upward. However, the molecules adsorbed from dichloromethane remain fixed to the surface without rotation, and their methacryloxyethyl groups are folded over the rings. The diametral tensile strength of a BIS-GMA polymer with adsorbate-covered apatite was approximately equal to that of the composite filled with untreated apatite.
Interaction of antibodies to sheep urothelial plaque regions with the lumenal plasma membranes of other mammals.

The lumenal plasma membrane of most mammalian urothelia possesses discrete polygonal plaque regions which are characterized by particles projecting through the lumenal leaflet and bridging the membrane interior. Fractions enriched in plaque regions were prepared from sheep urinary bladders and were used as antigen. A 50% saturated ammonium sulphate fraction of immunized rabbit serum showed at least two antibodies to plaque region components in Ouchterlony diffusion test. Intact sheep urothelium was treated with the antibody preparation and labelling was visualized by treatment with peroxidaseconjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody followed by peroxidase reaction. Control tissue treated with non-immune globulin showed no reaction product. The plaque-specific antibody preparation was also shown to stain the lumenal leaflet of isolated sheep membranes. Further, cross reactivity of sheep plaque antibody was demonstrated with rat and rabbit membranes. The possibility that antibodies to specific components in sheep urothelial membranes may be used diagnostically to detect changes in urothelial plasma membranes of other species is discussed.