cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of growth promoting implants on fatty acid composition including conjugated linoleic acid isomers in beef fat

The influence of the growth promoting implants Synovex (SYN), Ralgro (RAL), and Revalor (REV) on the fatty acid profiles of subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat, and phospholipids of 32 beef steers (eight steers per treatment, and eight controls) was studied. Fatty acid compositions and profiles of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers were determined by a combination of GC and triple-column Ag+-HPLC. Only small differences could be observed between the different treatment groups. The amount of saturated fatty acids relative to monounsaturated fatty acids was increased by all growth promoting implants in subcutaneous fat (P<0.1) and also by SYN in intramuscular fat. RAL led to slightly higher amounts of trans fatty acids in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat (P<0.1). REV-implanted steers showed some significant differences in their profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to control steers. CLA content and isomeric distribution in subcutaneous fat were affected bySYN, which reduced amounts of total CLA (0.42 mg/g fat vs. 0.53 mg/g in control steers, P<0.001) and decreased the proportions of the primary 18:2 c9t11 isomer (73% of total CLA for SYN vs. 77–78% for all other treatment groups). Slight increases of c9t11 CLA in intramuscular fat were observed in RAL- and REV-implanted steers (P<0.1). Most differences in fatty acid composition observed in this study were probably due to shifts in the storage lipid/membrane lipid ratio.
Characterization of undigested particulate material following microwave digestion of recycled document papers

Recycled document paper was microwave digested in a solution of HNO(3) and H(2)O(2) prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the trace elemental concentrations within the paper. Undigested particulate material was observed and subsequently characterized as a mixture of kaolin (clay) and TiO(2) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The effect of the particulate material on the elemental concentrations was then investigated. Paper samples were completely digested in hydrofluoric acid (HF) and element concentrations determined in the HF and HNO(3)/H(2)O digests were statistically compared using Student's t-test (95% confidence limit). Statistical differences in element concentrations between the two digests were observed for only four elements and there was no evidence of element adsorption by the particulate material. Hence, the HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) digestion proved sufficient to digest paper for ICP-MS analysis, eliminating the need to use the hazardous and corrosive HF matrix.
Environmental factors facilitating allergic sensitization and atopic manifestation in early childhood

Abstract Of the 7609 infants in the German Multicenter Atopy Study, 1314 were studied prospectively. Among these, 499 infants (38%) were considered at high risk with two or more atopic first degree family members and/or a cord blood IgE value above 0.9 kU/l. The incidence of recurrent wheezing and atopic dermatitis was high during the first three months of life. Wheezing in infants less than two years of age was often associated with high specific serum antibody level for respiratory syncytial virus. IgE antibodies to dust mite and cat were observed in 1.1 - 5.5% and 2.5-5.3% of samples during the first 3 years of life. At the age of three years, children who had been exposed tobacco before or after birth had a higher prevalence of sensitization to foods. The aim of primary allergy prevention studies should be to reduce exposure to indoor allergens and tobacco smoke.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CORONARY CALCIFICATION AND BLEEDING AFTER PCI IN ACS: POOLED ANALYSIS FROM HORIZONS-AMI AND ACUITY TRIALS

PCI of calcified compared to non-calcified coronary lesions have been associated with higher rates of adverse ischemic events. However, the potential association between coronary calcification and bleeding events has not been examined. Data from 6,855 pts with UA-NSTEMI or STEMI treated by PCI were
Crossing Borders Without Leaving Home

This article describes the author's experience of crossing borders, at first, without ever leaving home. It then describes numerous other borders crossed and lessons learned from that experience. The article focuses on women who have been raped during wartime and challenges the universality and medicalization of PTSD, the notion of “victim” and the invisibilization of other crimes committed against women during “wars” and “conflicts.” The author is also critical of the roles played by some international NGO's which become colonizers of the survivors.
Many-body perturbation theory with a restricted open-shell Hartree—Fock reference

Abstract A new, efficient ROHF based MBPT method is presented. The method, which is non-iterative, invariant to transformations among occupied or virtual orbitals, and generalizable to any order, is illustrated by application to the UHF spin contaminated CN radical and the H+OCH 2 transition state.
Hydrogen in oxide semiconductors

Oxide semiconductors exhibit a range of physical properties and have potential optical, electronic, and energy applications. Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are currently used in products such as flat-panel displays. The prevailing n-type conductivity in these materials has historically been attributed to native defects such as oxygen vacancies. Recent calculations and experiments, however, have provided evidence that native defects are actually not responsible in majority of the cases. Hydrogen, on the other hand, does act as a shallow donor and can dramatically affect the electrical properties of oxides. In addition to contributing to n-type doping, hydrogen also passivates dangling bonds in cation vacancies and passivates acceptor dopants. Some oxides contain “hidden hydrogen,” perhaps H2 molecules, which dissociate at elevated temperatures. In this article, the many roles of hydrogen in zinc oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, indium (III) oxide, gallium (III) oxide, and strontium titanate are reviewed. The emphasis is on fundamental electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of hydrogen complexes, as determined by experiment and theory.
Fluorescence Studies of Complex Coal Liquid Samples Using the Lifetime Synchronous Spectrum (LiSS)

An analysis of coal liquids is demonstrated in the first application of the lifetime synchronous spectrum (LiSS) to the characterization of complex samples. The measurement of wavelength-resolved fluorescence life-times in the LiSS is shown to enhance the fingerprinting of coal liquids relative to conventional synchronous luminescence spectroscopy. The concentration independence of fluorescence lifetimes of individual compounds provides unique information about the composition of the coal liquids and the sources of their spectral features, indicating similarities among different samples and leading to the identification of regions in the synchronous spectra that are best for discriminating among the samples. The LiSSes also provided information about the nature of the processes responsible for spectral red shifts that occurred with increasing concentration of coal liquid.
Impaired Wound Healing in the Cancer Patient: Effects of Cytotoxic Therapy and Pharmacologic Modulation By Growth Factors

This article reviews the experimental and clinical data regarding the effects of chemotherapy on wound healing. In addition, the role of growth factors in the normal wound healing process and their therapeutic potential to optimize wound healing in the cancer patient are discussed.
A rapidly evolving revolution in stem cell biology and medicine

The developments arising from human IVF are remarkable. Embryos were studied for developmental patterns that have consequences for viability and fertility. Growing human blastocysts in vitro allowed further exploration of the differentiation of primitive embryonic cells, leading to the discovery of human embryonic stem cells (ESC). The availability of perhaps unlimited num- bers of human ESC could inform the study of differentiation and also provide cells for therapies in human regenerative medicine. The developments in cell biology have been impressive, including the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells - adult cells trans- duced by specific transcription factors to behave like human ESC. Key regulators of development such as activators or inhibitors of lineage progression have also been explored, particularly the fibroblast growth factor, Wnt and transforming growth factor b sig- nalling pathways and miRNA. Such regulators can be utilized in algorithms to predict how cells differentiate in vitro. Using multistep differentiation protocols, many different cell types can be formed and matured into functionally effective cells, some of which are already in translational research for clinical applications. Possible future developments include destruction of cancer stem cells, reversal of type I diabetes, restoration of vision, repair of motor function, cure for HIV/AIDS and heart muscle regeneration. RBMOnline
Tunneling from In films with superconductive and ferromagnetic overlays

Abstract Effects of remote Al, Pb and Ni overlays on quasiparticle resonances in thick superconductive In films are described.
Stability and change in husband-wife adaptation and the development of the positive parent-child relationship

Abstract Previous research has shown considerable stability in the quality of the husband-wife adaptation from prebirth to 2 years of age as well as a consistency in the mutual influence of the positive marital relationship and the positive parent-child relationship. This study examines if within this overall consistency there are different patterns of marital adaptation and interaction with the infant during the first 2 years of life. Using child expectation of being cared for, parent responsiveness to need, child sense of separate self, and parent's encouragement of effective autonomy as the indices of the positive parent-child relationship, it was found that by 24 months, three marital patterns were associated with a more positive family development: couples consistently high in their adaptation, those showing an initial decrease followed by an increase, and those showing an increase. It was also found that the optimal patterns of marital adaptation to the firstborn were anticipated by prebirth measures of the mother's capacity for positive relationships and adaptation-competence. The optimal patterns in turn anticipated the positive 48-month development of parent-child mutuality and psychological separateness.
The carbonic acid system and calcite solubility in aqueous Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 solutions from 0 to 90°C

Abstract CO 2 solubility, and the first and second stoichiometric dissociation constants of carbonic acid ( K 1 ∗ and K 2 ∗ ), have been determined in aqueous solutions containing Cl and SO 4 salts of Na, K, Ca and Mg over a wide range of ionic strength from 0 to 90°C at 0.1032 MPa (1 atm) pressure. Activity coefficients for CO 2(aq) , HCO 3 − and CO 3 2 − ions were calculated from m co 2 , K 1 ∗ and K 2 ∗ . These activity coefficients were then used to derive Pitzer parameters for the interaction between these carbonate species and other ions between 0 and 90 °C. The resulting Pitzer model for the carbonic acid system was verified by its ability to accurately predict experimentally determined calcite solubility in brines from 0 to 90°C. However, calcite solubility measurements in complex brines initially supersaturated with respect to calcite indicate that Na + , Mg 2+ and SO 4 2− ions are probably incorporated into calcite lattice and significantly increase calcite solubility in brines.
Photobleaching recovery and anisotropy decay of green fluorescent protein GFP-S65T in solution and cells: cytoplasmic viscosity probed by green fluorescent protein translational and rotational diffusion.

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a noninvasive probe to quantify the rheological properties of cell cytoplasm. GFP mutant S65T was purified from recombinant bacteria for solution studies, and expressed in CHO cell cytoplasm. GFP-S65T was brightly fluorescent in solution (lambda ex 492 nm, lambda em 509 nm) with a lifetime of 2.9 ns and a rotational correlation time (tc) of 20 ns. Recovery of GFP fluorescence after photobleaching was complete with a half-time (t1/2) in aqueous saline of 30 +/- 2 ms (5-micron diameter spot), giving a diffusion coefficient of 8.7 x 10(-7) cm2/s. The t1/2 was proportional to solution viscosity and was dependent on spot diameter. In contrast to fluorescein. GFP photobleaching efficiency was not affected by solution O2 content, triplet state quenchers, singlet oxygen scavengers, and general radical quenchers. In solutions of higher viscosity, an additional, rapid GFP recovery process was detected and ascribed to reversible photobleaching. The t1/2 for reversible photobleaching was 1.5–5.5 ms (relative viscosity 5–250), was independent of spot diameter, and was unaffected by O2 or quenchers. In cell cytoplasm, time-resolved microfluorimetry indicated a GFP lifetime of 2.6 ns and a tc of 36 +/- 3 ns, giving a relative viscosity (cytoplasm versus water) of 1.5. Photobleaching recovery of GFP in cytoplasm was 82 +/- 2% complete with a t1/2 of 83 +/- 6 ms, giving a relative viscosity of 3.2. GFP translational diffusion increased 4.7-fold as cells swelled from a relative volume of 0.5 to 2. Taken together with measurements of GFP translation and rotation in aqueous dextran solutions, the data in cytoplasm support the view that the primary barrier to GFP diffusion is collisional interactions between GFP and macromolecular solutes.
Highly Aggressive Lymphomas in Adults

Highly aggressive lymphomas are relatively uncommon in adults, comprising approximately 4% to 5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Western Europe. The designation of "highly aggressive" is generally restricted to precursor T-cell and B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia. Treatment strategies for lymphoblastic lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma include complex, highly intensive combination chemotherapy regimens, which may be curative. As with other subtypes of NHL, emerging data from gene-expression profiling and related techniques are helping to define these entities more precisely and identify potential new rational therapeutic targets.
Accurate electrical and spectroscopic properties ofX 1?+ BeO from coupled-cluster methods

This paper reports a series of coupled-cluster (CC) calculations through CCSDT on the theoretically challenging ground state of the BeO molecule. Along with CC methods, quadratic configuration interaction (QCI) approximations to CC theory have been used (QCISD and QCISD(T)), which show several dramatic failings. Equilibrium electrical properties (μ, α xx , and α zz ) and basic spectroscopic properties (r e, θe,D e, and infrared intensity (I)) have been computed. Basis set and electron correlation effects are analyzed in order to arrive at accurate values of the dipole moment and polarizability, which are not known experimentally. For the dipole moment, we obtain a value of 6.25 D, with an uncertainty of about 0.1 D. For α xx and α zz , we suggest respective values of 32 and 36 atomic units (a.u.) and error bars of about 1 and 2 a.u. With extended basis sets, the spectroscopic propertiesr e, θe, andD e are reproduced to high accuracy, which is the first time this has been achieved for this species byab initio methods. At the highest calculation levels,I is predicted to be very small. AlthoughI has not been measured, some support for this prediction comes from a recent infrared study of BeO-rare gas complexes. The QCI methods are shown to be much more sensitive to basis set, and even with large basis sets yield values of α zz andI which differ from CC results by an order of magnitude and three orders of magnitude, respectively. These differences doubtless arise from the importance of single excitations (T 1) for this molecule, as several terms involvingT 1 are neglected in the QCISD approximation compared with CCSD. We also report CC calculations with Brueckner orbitals, which yield results similar to those obtained with restricted Hartree-Fock orbitals.
Solubilization and characterization of functionally coupled Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin receptors and particulate guanylate cyclase associated with the cytoskeleton compartment of intestinal membranes.

Abstract 1. 1. Particulate guanylate cyclase and receptors for E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin were solubilized from the rat intestinal cytoskeletal compartment using Lubrol-PX and KC1. 2. 2. Thirty to forty percent of the ST receptor and guanylate cyclase activities were extracted from the lipid layer with Lubrol-PX alone. 3. 2. Seventy percent of the remaining activities were solubilized from the cytoskeleton with Lubrol-PX and KCl. 4. 3. Guanylate cyclase solubilized from either compartment exhibited similar reaction kinetics. 5. 4. Both high- and low-affinity classes of ST receptors were solubilized from the lipid and cytoskeleton compartments. 6. 5. In the presence of ATPγS, ST selectively activated the guanylate cyclase solubilized from the cytoskeleton compared to that solubilized from the lipid bilayer. 7. 6. Crosslinking experiments demonstrated a preferential solubilization of the 130 kDa receptor subunit from the cytoskeleton and the 56 kDa subunit from the lipid bilayer. 8. 7. Development of a procedure to solubilize ST receptors and guanylate cyclase from the intestinal membrane cytoskeleton will permit purification and further detailed studies of the coupling of these activities.
Ambient Air Conditions and Variation in Urban Trail Use

This study examines the effect of air quality and administrative policies on use of urban trails in Indianapolis, IN. Attention is focused on two policy variables: (1) issuance of air pollution advisories and (2) the adoption of Daylight Savings Time. Results suggest that while trail use varies with air quality, current public advisories regarding air pollution may be of limited effectiveness in reducing trail users’ exposures to hazardous pollutants. In contrast, the adoption of Daylight Savings Time was associated with a statistically significant increase in traffic levels.
Single-Leg Balance Impairments Persist in Fully Operational Military Special Forces Operators With a Previous History of Low Back Pain

Background:Single-leg balance (SLB) can be chronically impaired after low back pain (LBP). Impaired SLB is a risk factor for recurrent LBP and lower extremity injury. In the United States military,...
Acyclovir inhibition of viral DNA chain elongation in herpes simplex virus-infected cells

Abstract The effect of acyclovir on DNA synthesized in HSV-1-infected cells was examined. Viral DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in the presence of 10 μ M acyclovir monitored by cRNA-DNA hybridization and isopycnic centrifugation in cesium chloride. DNA synthesized in infected cells in the presence of acyclovir appeared to be chain-terminated when evaluated by rate zonal centrifugation in alkaline sucrose. Cellular DNA synthesis in actively replicating uninfected cells in the presence of acyclovir was evaluated by isopycnic centrifugation. Cellular DNA synthesis appeared unaffected at concentrations of acyclovir up to 100 μ M .
Temperature-insensitive photoluminescence above 300 K in strained GaxIn1 − x As multiple quantum wire heterostructures

Abstract Stable peak wavelength photoluminescence (PL) spectra has been observed in Ga x In 1 − x As strained multiple quantum wire (MQWR) heterostructures over a temperature range between 250 and 380 K. The MQWR samples were grown in situ by molecular beam epitaxy using the strain-induced lateral-layer ordering (SILO) process to create the quantum wires. The formation of the strained Ga x In 1 − x As quantum wires and the amount of the strain associated with the wires depends on the growth conditions and structural configuration of the MQWR active region. Samples grown near a substrate temperature of 500°C show a negligible net PL peak wavelength shift between 77 and 380 K. Red shifts and blue shifts of PL peak wavelengths between 77 and 380 K are observed in samples grown at temperatures less than and greater than 500°C, respectively. Due to the multi-axial strain fields induced by the SILO process in the MQWR active regions, the PL peak wavelength of all the MQWR samples stabilize at ∼ 1.61 μ m for temperatures above 250 K. The temperature dependent shift of peak PL wavelength between room temperature and 72°C for these MQWR heterostructures is as low as 0.2 A/°C.
Spectrin properties and the elasticity of the red blood cell membrane skeleton

Abstract Two models of spectrin elasticity are developed and compared to experimental measurements of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane shear modulus through the use of an elastic finite element model of the RBC membrane skeleton. The two molecular models of spectrin are: (i) An entropic spring model of spectrin as a flexible chain. This is a model proposed by several previous authors. (ii) An elastic model of a helical coiled-coil which expands by increasing helical pitch. In previous papers, we have computed the relationship between the stiffness of a single spectrin molecule (K) and the shear modulus of a network (μ), and have shown that this behavior is strongly dependent upon network topology. For realistic network models of the RBC membrane skeleton, we equate μ to micropipette measurements of RBCs and predict K for spectrin that is consistent with the coiled-coil molecular model. The value of spectrin stiffness derived from the entropic molecular model would need to be at least 30 times greater to match the experimental results. Thus, the conclusion of this study is that a helical coiled-coil model for spectrin is more realistic than a purely entropic model.
Flow regimes and gas holdup in paper pulp–water–gas three-phase slurry flow

Abstract Hydrodynamic flow characteristics of solid–liquid–gas slurry made by intimately mixing fibrous paper pulp with water and air were investigated in a short, vertical circular column. The pulp consistency (weight fraction of pulp in the pulp–water mixture) was varied in the low consistency range of 0.0–1.5%. The test section was 1.8 m long, with 5.08 cm inner diameter. Mixing of the slurry prior to entering the test section was done using a patented mixer with controlled cavitation that generated finely dispersed micro-bubbles. Flow structures, gas holdup, and the geometric and population characteristics of gas bubbles in the gas–pulp–liquid three-phase flow were experimentally investigated, using visual observation, Gamma-ray densitometry, and flash X-ray photography. Superficial velocities of the gas and liquid/pulp mixture covered the ranges 0– 26 cm / s and 21– 51 cm / s , respectively. Five distinct flow regimes could be visually identified. These included dispersed bubbly, characterized by isolated micro-bubbles entrapped in fiber networks; layered bubbly, characterized by bubbles rising in a low consistency annular zone near the channel wall; plug; churn-turbulent; and slug. The dispersed and layered bubbly regimes could be maintained only at very low gas superficial velocities or gas holdups. Flow regime maps were constructed using phasic superficial velocities as coordinates, and the regime transition lines were found to be sensitive to consistency. The cross section-average gas holdup data showed that both the dispersed and the layered bubbly regimes could best be represented by the homogeneous mixture model. The drift flux model could best be applied to the reminder of the data when the plug and churn-turbulent flow regimes were treated together, and the slug flow was treated separately. The drift flux parameters depended on the pulp consistency.
Increased Tissue Plasminogen Activator Expression by Epithelial Cell Lines Treated with Lectins

Abstract The effect of various mitogenic lectins on the expression of tissue plasminogen activator from human and guinea pig epithelial cells has been investigated. Of the lectins studied, concanavalin-A, at an optimal concentration of 50μg/ml, increased t-PA yield by about 10–15 fold and wheat germ agglutinin by 6–8 fold. Neither pokeweed mitogen nor phytohaemagglutinin had any significant stimulatory effect. A combination of 5-azacytidine, which had previously been shown to increase t-PA expression by 3–5 fold, and concanavalin A did not have an additive effect on t-PA yield. There was no significant difference in cell yield between Con-A treated and control cell cultures, but DNA synthesis, as measured by 3 H-thymidine uptake, did show a transient increase in Con-A treated cultures. Con-A treated cells were found to be more adherent to the substrate suggesting an altered surface morphology, and this may play a modulatory role in t-PA production.
Interaction of collagen and smooth muscle cells in aortic biomechanics.

To elucidate the contribution of smooth muscle to the mechanical properties of artery and to study its interaction with other tissue components, an enzymolysis technique has been used. Fresh canine artery was cut into circumferential strips, and a stressrelaxation test was performed in a Krebs-Ringer solution while continuously bubbling an O2−CO2 gas mixture. An aortic smooth muscle stimulant, norepinephrine, was perfused during the stress-relaxation test, before and after removing collagen with collagenase. The collagen-free artery did not show any contraction due to the smooth muscle, in contrast to the intact artery. This indicates that there may be important interactions between the collagen matrix and smooth muscle. This new technique can be used to study the contribution of smooth muscle to the mechanical properties of aorta.
Professionals in two employment systems

This article reports the results of a cross national study of how professional employees experience two very different employment systems: the ‘individualist’ of America and the ‘collectivist’ one of Poland. The authors conclude that further research and development of the concept of employment systems should focus on the degree of congruence between employment policies and cultural attitudes of employees.
Silins’s Liberalism

Nico Silins has proposed and defended a form of Liberalism about perception that, he thinks, is a good compromise between the Dogmatism of Jim Pryor and others, and the Conservatism of Roger White, Crispin Wright, and others. In particular, Silins argues that his theory can explain why having justification to believe the negation of skeptical hypotheses is a necessary condition for having justification to believe ordinary propositions, even though (contra the Conservative) the latter is not had in virtue of the former. I argue that Silins's explanation is unsuccessful, and hence that we should prefer either White/Wright-style Conservatism (which can explain this necessary condition) or Pryor-style Dogmatism (which denies that this is a necessary condition).
Developing Norms of Argumentation: Metacognitive, Epistemological, and Social Dimensions of Developing Argumentive Competence

We examine how extended engagement in argumentation with peers leads to enhanced metalevel understanding of argumentive discourse. Following such engagement, young adolescents demonstrated enhanced understanding of counterargument and use of evidence as objectives of skilled argumentation, relative to a nonparticipating comparison group. Among the participating group, analysis of metatalk (talk about the discourse, distinguished from talk about the topic) during electronic peer dialogs proved revealing regarding participants’ evolving awareness of and adherence to discourse norms. Metatalk became more reciprocal and sustained with time and revealed an increasing focus on the argumentation process and engagement in talk that seeks to direct it. Implications are considered for understanding and studying argumentation as a social practice that encompasses not only individual skills but also the less visible norms that govern it and that members of a social group come to share.
GPS SIGNAL TRACKING USING MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD PARAMETER ESTIMATION

This paper considers the problem of GPS carrier tracking in the presence of spurious modulation components in amplitude and phase caused by rotating antenna elements in a reentry body. The commonly used phaselock loop approach is not adequate since the disturbances are not specifically modeled. This is a nonlinear estimation problem that is attacked here as a linear estimation problem with an unknown modulation parameter. The modulation parameter is estimated using a maximum-likelihood method in an architecture that uses two Kalman filters of similar structure, one for parameter estimation and one for state estimation. This architecture uncouples the state and parameter estimation processes and reduces the tendency to build up incorrect correlations in the estimator. The performance of the estimator is studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. Maximum-likelihood results are found to be superior to those obtained using a second-order phaselock loop and a nonadaptive fourth-order Kalman filter.
“Outnumbered yet still on top, but for how long?” Theorizing about men working in the feminized field of public relations

Abstract The under-researched phenomenon of men working in the feminized field of public relations is investigated using the theory of gendered organizations and feminist and masculinity studies lenses. Survey, interview, and focus group findings illuminate the field's gender paradox wherein men report negative effects of gender-minority status at entry- and mid-levels and worry about a future when women will replace them at public relations’ highest management levels.
The impact of real-time information on bus ridership in New York City

In the past few years, numerous mobile applications have made it possible for public transit passengers to find routes and/or learn about the expected arrival time of their transit vehicles. Though these services are widely used, their impact on overall transit ridership remains unclear. The objective of this research is to assess the effect of real-time information provided via web-enabled and mobile devices on public transit ridership. An empirical evaluation is conducted for New York City, which is the setting of a natural experiment in which a real-time bus tracking system was gradually launched on a borough-by-borough basis beginning in 2011. Panel regression techniques are used to evaluate bus ridership over a three year period, while controlling for changes in transit service, fares, local socioeconomic conditions, weather, and other factors. A fixed effects model of average weekday unlinked bus trips per month reveals an increase of approximately 118 trips per route per weekday (median increase of 1.7% of weekday route-level ridership) attributable to providing real-time information. Further refinement of the fixed effects model suggests that this ridership increase may only be occurring on larger routes; specifically, the largest quartile of routes defined by revenue miles of service realized approximately 340 additional trips per route per weekday (median increase of 2.3% per route). Although the increase in weekday route-level ridership may appear modest, on aggregate these increases exert a substantial positive effect on farebox revenue. The implications of this research are critical to decision-makers at the country’s transit operators who face pressure to increase ridership under limited budgets, particularly as they seek to prioritize investments in infrastructure, service offerings, and new technologies.
Dynamothermal contact metamorphism superposed on regional metamorphism in the pelitic rocks of the Chiwaukum Mountains area, Washington Cascades: Summary

The Chiwaukum Schist, in the Washington Cascade Mountains, has undergone two distinct episodes of metamorphism: (1) Regional Barrovian-type metamorphism and (2) subsequent “contact” metamorphism, associated with the Late Cretaceous intrusion of the Mount Stuart batholith, comparable to part of the Buchan-type progression. The later metamorphic event is unusual because the effects are predominantly dynamothermal, although in contact with and genetically related to plutonic intrusion. Some indications that penetrative deformation accompanied recrystallization during “contact” metamorphism are (1) preferred orientation of minerals such as cordierite, andalusite and sillimanite; (2) alignment of mafic minerals within granitic rocks near contacts; (3) granitic contacts being generally parallel to the predominant s -plane of the schist; (4) biotite within the schists showing more pronounced alignment the closer it is to granitic contacts; and (5) minerals in the schists near contacts commonly being microboudinaged and showing evidence for rotation during and subsequent to crystallization.
Penciclovir and pathogenesis phenotypes of drug-resistant Herpes simplex virus mutants

We compared the penciclovir susceptibilities and pathogenesis phenotypes of mutants of Herpes simplex virus type 1 that are resistant to acyclovir and/or foscarnet. The mutants, which were derived from laboratory strain KOS, included six DNA polymerase mutants, a thymidine kinase negative mutant, a thymidine kinase partial mutant, and a double mutant. Two of four polymerase mutants not previously examined for penciclovir susceptibility exhibited modest resistance to this drug. A thymidine kinase negative mutant exhibited approximately 20-fold resistance while a thymidine kinase partial mutant was penciclovir-sensitive. Following intracerebral inoculation of 7-week old CD1 mice, the mutants ranged from exhibiting near wild-type neurovirulence (thymidine kinase partial) to modest attenuation (e.g. thymidine kinase negative) to more severe attenuation. Following corneal inoculation, three polymerase mutants exhibited modest deficits (relative to those of thymidine kinase negative mutants) in their abilities to replicate acutely in the ganglion and reactivate from latency. For mutant AraA(r)13, the deficit in ganglionic replication was shown to be due to its polymerase mutation by analysis of recombinant viruses derived by marker rescue. These results may have implications for issues of penciclovir action and resistance, for drug resistance in the clinic, and for the interactions of herpes viruses with the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Epigenetic Analysis of Neurocognitive Development at 1 year of Age in a Community-Based Pregnancy Cohort

Multiple studies show that molecular genetic changes and epigenetic modifications affect the risk of cognitive disability or impairment. However, the role of epigenetic variation in cognitive development of neurotypical young children remains largely unknown. Using data from a prospective, community-based study of mother-infant pairs, we investigated the association of DNA methylation patterns in neonatal umbilical cord blood with cognitive and language development at 1 year of age. No CpG loci achieved genome-wide significance, although a small number of weakly suggestive associations with Bayley-III Receptive Communication scales were noted. While umbilical cord blood is a convenient resource for genetic analyses of birth outcomes, our results do not provide conclusive evidence that its use for DNA methylation profiling yields epigenetic markers that are directly related to postnatal neurocognitive outcomes at 1 year of age.
Cloud Condensation Nuclei from a Simulated Forest Fire

Measurements made downwind of a simulated forest fire showed that the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei active at a supersaturation of 1 percent was increased by a factor of about 2.5. Smaller increases were observed at lower supersaturations.
Family systems and ecological perspectives on the impact of deployment on military families.

The scope of sustained military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan has placed great demands on the Armed Forces of the United States, and accordingly, military families have been faced with deployments in more rapid succession than ever before. When military parents fulfill occupational duties during wartime, military children and families face multiple challenges, including extended separations, disruptions in family routines, and potentially compromised parenting related to traumatic exposure and subsequent mental health problems. Such challenges can begin to exert a significant toll on the well-being of both individuals and relationships (e.g., marital, parent–child) within military families. In order to respond more effectively to the needs of military families, it is essential that mental health clinicians and researchers have a better understanding of the challenges faced by military families throughout the entire deployment experience and the ways in which these challenges may have a cumulative impact over multiple deployments. Moreover, the mental health field must become better prepared to support service members and families across a rapidly evolving landscape of military operations around the world, including those who are making the transition from active duty to Veteran status and navigating a return to civilian life and those families in which parents will continue to actively serve and deploy in combat zones. In this article, we utilize family systems and ecological perspectives to advance our understanding of how military families negotiate repeated deployment experiences and how such experiences impact the well-being and adjustment of families at the individual, dyadic, and whole family level.
Development of vitiligo during melanoma treatment with a novel survivin inhibitor: a case report and review of the literature.

Background The development of vitiligo has been associated with an improved clinical response in melanoma patients. Methods We report a case of vitiligo associated with a novel antisurvivin drug and review the literature to determine the pathogenesis of vitiligo occurring during melanoma treatment. Results A 78-year-old man with stage IV malignant melanoma developed vitiligo after the first therapeutic cycle of a novel antisurvivin drug. Although his vitiligo remained static, his melanoma continued to progress and he died in 8 months. A review of the literature demonstrates a relationship between vitiligo development and improved clinical response in many melanoma cases treated with immunotherapy; however, the relationship may depend on the type of treatment. Conclusions Understanding complex immune responses in vitiliginous skin and melanoma sites is important in order to interpret the development of vitiligo occurring during melanoma treatment.
3-Hydroxyoctanoic aciduria: identification of a new organic acid in the urine of a patient with non-ketotic hypoglycemia.

Abstract A four-month-old child with non-ketotic hypoglycemia and rapidly progressive cirrhosis excreted in her urine large amounts of two unidentified organic acids in addition to a spectrum of saturated, unsaturated, and 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids in her urine. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative of one of the unknown compounds suggested the structure of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, which was confirmed by similar analysis of the authentic compound. The same organic acid was found in the child's plasma. The significance of 3-hydroxyoctanoic aciduria as a possible marker for a primary defect of 3-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism is discussed.
Observation of the giant monopole resonance in 64,66Zn

Abstract The isoscalar giant monopole resonances (GMR) in 64,66 Zn were identified at E x = 18.2 ± 0.5 MeV and 18.4 ± 0.7 MeV, respectively. The contributions of surface and symmetry terms to the nuclear incompressibility are evaluated from the wide range of data now available on the GMR.
Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Implantation of VX2 for Creation of a Rabbit Hepatic Tumor Model

Creation of a VX2 tumor model has traditionally required a laparotomy and surgical implantation of tumor fragments. Open surgical procedures are invasive and require long procedure times and recovery that can result in post-operative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a percutaneous ultrasound guided method for creation of a VX2 model in rabbit livers. A total of 27 New Zealand white rabbits underwent a percutaneous ultrasound guided approach, where a VX2 tumor fragment was implanted in the liver. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess for tumor growth and necropsy was performed to determine rates of tract seeding and metastatic disease. Ultrasound guided tumor implantation was successful in all 27 rabbits. One rabbit died 2 days following the implantation procedure. Two rabbits had no tumors seen on follow-up imaging. Therefore, tumor development was seen in 24/26 (92%) rabbits. During the follow-up period, tract seeding was seen in 8% of rabbits and 38% had extra-hepatic metastatic disease. Therefore, percutaneous ultrasound guided tumor implantation safely provides reliable tumor growth for establishing hepatic VX2 tumors in a rabbit model with decreased rates of tract seeding, compared to previously reported methods.
Mammals of The Lyallpur Region, West Pakistan

A seven-month (October–April ) survey was made of the mammals in that region of the Indus Valley around Lyallpur, West Pakistan. Evidence concerning 42 species was obtained and 260 individuals of 26 species collected. The results include data on reproduction, abundance, and ecology, organized into species accounts, and a discussion of the faunal changes which have resulted from the introduction of irrigation over the last century. Irrigated agricultural land has largely replaced the tropical thorn scrub. Cropland, human habitations, plantation forests, marshes, relict areas of thorn scrub, and the eastern edge of the extensive Thal Desert were studied as mammalian habitats. Species thought to have been eliminated from this region, by direct reduction or habitat change over the last century or more, include: caracal, tiger, lion, cheetah, hog deer, and Gangetic dolphin. Species much reduced in number include: wolf, Bengal fox, striped hyaena, desert cat, fishing cat, nilgai, blackbuck, chinkara, Wagner's gerbil, Indian hairy-footed gerbil, and desert gerbil. Species encouraged by recent ecological changes include: house shrew, Asiatic jackal, jungle cat, wild boar, northern palm squirrel, house rat, house mouse, short-tailed bandicoot-rat, and Indian gerbil.
Fabrication of cadmium sulfide thin films by cw Nd:YAG laser deposition

We report new results on continuous wave Nd:YAG laser deposition of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) thin films. Cadmium Sulfide has useful piezoelectric, optoelectric, photo-conductive and semiconductive properties. CdS films have been deposited on various substrates including Soda-lime silicate glass (SLS), NaCl, Alumina (corundum) and copper coated formvar. The thin films were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, SEM, EDS, TEM, and UV/visible transmission spectra.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Maximum-Likelihood Image Classification

An essential feature of a practical automatic image recognition system is the ability to tolerate certain types of variations within images. The recognition of images subject to intrinsic variations can be treated as a sorting task in which an image is identified as a member of some class of images. Herein, the maximum-likelihood strategy, an important tool in the field of statistical decision theory, is applied to the image classification problem. We show that the strategy can be implemented in a standard image correlation system and that excellent classification results can be obtained.
Loss of MXD3 induces apoptosis of Reh human precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

MXD3 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in proliferation of human DAOY medulloblastoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that MXD3 is highly enriched in human precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB ALL) samples compared to mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, or hematopoietic stem cells from healthy donors. MXD3 knock-down in the preB ALL cell line Reh resulted in decreased cell numbers with no change in G0/G1, S or G2/M populations but increased apoptosis compared to control cells. Our results suggest that MXD3 is important for survival of Reh preB ALL cells, possibly as an anti-apoptotic factor.
Seasonal Variation of a Limnic Beach

A seasonal beach process-response model has been constructed for limnic beach environments. Unlike marine environments where seasonal changes in beach configuration are determined by seasonal variations of wave regimes, limnic beaches respond to seasonal variations in lake water levels. Along the beach of Lake Michigan at Terry Andrae State Park, Wisconsin, field evidence has shown that with rising lake level from April through July, the foreshore migrates inland on an upward inclined plane, decreasing both beach and back-shore width, and decreasing the elevational difference between an overhead fixed plane and the foreshore crest and beach step. These processes are reversed when lake level subsides from August through November. The net result is that the beaches of Lake Michigan, and presumably those of the remaining Great Lakes, retrograde from spring to summer, and prograde from summer to winter. Not all beach characteristics vary with seasonal fluctuation in lake level. In general, foreshore slope and width are independent of lake level. Foreshore slope is directly linked to the density of the foreshore sediments, while foreshore width is directly proportional to wave dimensions and is found to be independent of the foreshore slope.
Intrasellar amyloid tumor.

An intrasellar tumor mainly consisting of laminated spheroid bodies is described. Histochemical and electron microscopic findings indicate that these bodies are composed of amyloid. The tumor is interpreted as a rare variant of a pituitary adenoma.
Variability of Nanoindentation Responses of Bone and Artificial Bone-Like Composites

Nanoindentation is a popular technique for measuring the intrinsic mechanical response of bone and has been used to measure a single-valued elastic modulus. However, bone is a composite material with 20–80 nm hydroxyapatite plates embedded in a collagen matrix, and modern instrumentation allows for measurements at these small length scales. The present study examines the indentation response of bone and artificial gelatin-apatite nanocomposite materials across three orders of magnitude of lengthscale, from nanometers to micrometers, to isolate the composite phase contributions to the overall response. The load-displacement responses were variable and deviated from the quadratic response of homogeneous materials at small depths. The distribution of apparent elastic modulus values narrowed substantially with increasing indentation load. Indentation of particulate nanocomposites was simulated using finite element analysis. Modeling results replicated the convergence in effective modulus seen in the experiments. It appears that the apatite particles are acting as the continuous (“matrix”) phase in bone and nanocomposites.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A novel tripartite motif involved in aquaporin topogenesis, monomer folding and tetramerization

Aquaporin (AQP) folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by two distinct pathways of membrane insertion that arise from divergent residues within the second transmembrane segment. We now show that in AQP1 these residues (Asn49 and Lys51) interact with Asp185 at the C terminus of TM5 to form a polar, quaternary structural motif that influences multiple stages of folding. Asn49 and Asp185 form an intramolecular hydrogen bond needed for proper helical packing, monomer formation and function. In contrast, Lys51 interacts with Asp185 on an adjacent monomer to stabilize the AQP1 tetramer. Although these residues are unique to AQP1, they share a highly conserved architecture whose functional properties can be transferred to other family members. These findings suggest a general mechanism by which evolutionary divergence of membrane proteins can confer new functional properties via alternative folding pathways that give rise to a common final structure.