cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical calculation of the height of the barrier for OH rotation in phenol

Abstract Many-body perturbation and quadratic configuration interaction calculations with several basis sets are used to estimate the height of the barrier for OH rotation in phenol. Our best estimate of the barrier height is 1076 cm −1 , about 130 cm −1 smaller than the most recent experimental estimates. Density functional calculations are found to give much too large a value of the barrier height.
TCTAP C-172 Fibrinous Pleuritis and Necrotizing Pericarditis: Unique and Serious Complications of Degos Disease

### Patient initials or identifier number N/A ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam Degos Disease, also known as malignant atrophic papulosis, is a very rare, genetic disease with an unclear etiology. It is a distinctive vasculopathy syndrome characterized by a thrombotic diathesis
Inverse-photoemission measurement of iron oxides on polycrystalline Fe.

We measured the inverse-photoemission spectra (IPES) of iron oxides grown on an Fe substrate and calculated the band structure of paramagnetic FeO to analyze the IPES. The band-structure calculation showed some overlap between Fe 3d states and O 2p states in the region of occupied states, and s,p-like states of Fe in the unoccupied region. Isochromatic IPES showed two structures at \ensuremath{\sim}2.5 and \ensuremath{\sim}7.5 eV above the Fermi energy. We estimated from the IPES data a full band gap of 2.5 eV for FeO.
Service-learning in teacher education: reflection as a catalyst for learning

This article presents findings that pre-service elementary education majors learned their course content while participating in service-learning experiences. This interpretive study on the sense making of these majors highlights the role reflection played in the connection between content and experience, with some education majors recognizing the catalyst effect of reflection.
Subfractionation and characterization of Mayan asphaltene.

Mayan crude, residuum, and hydrocracked asphaltenes have been separated into two fractions by extended Soxhlet extraction in n-heptane. Although the solubility, composition, and molecular structures differ slightly, the greatest difference between the two asphaltene fractions is the degree to which they associate in solution. The vapor-phase osmometry molecular weight, molecular size by size-exclusion chromatography, and small-angle neutron scattering indicate that approximately 25% of Mayan asphaltene is not highly associated in aromatic solvents and, thus, is noncolloidal. By contrast, the remaining asphaltene forms large, rodlike colloidal particles in solution and has a higher apparent molecular weight. Although laser desorption mass spectrometry indicates that the molecular weight of the individual molecules in maltenes and asphaltenes is not very different, high-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that the size of the aromatic core of asphaltenes is significantly larger than those in maltenes. Fu...
Local structure and polaron formation in La1−xCaxMnO3

Abstract The local structure of La1−xCaxMnO3 is determined from pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis of pulsed neutron diffraction. We have compared the effect on the local structure of crossing the metal-insulator transition as a function of temperature and composition. Crossing the metal-insulator boundary at low temperature by varying the composition yields similar distortions to those seen in the temperature dependence indicating the presence of polarons in the insulating phase which disappear in the metallic phase.
Rethinking the Role of Workers in the Revolutions of 1917

Western scholars entered Soviet archives and libraries during the 1970s in search of new data and fresh perspectives on the formation and collective behavior of the Russian working class. These efforts have begun to bear fruit. Several studies have already appeared; others are in press. ' Two dealing specifically with workers? S.A. Smith's Red Petrograd: Revolution in the Factories 1917-1918 and Diane Koenker's Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution?provide the central focus for this essay. Taken together, the excellent studies by Smith and Koenker open up the possibility for a fundamental rethinking of the role of workers in the ?917 revolutions. In addition, I will comment briefly on Tsuyoshi Hasegawa's The Feb ruary Revolution: Petrograd, 1917, a book that is not, strictly speaking, labor history, but will nevertheless be of interest to those in the labor field.
Interpersonal distance: a factor in infectious disease morbidity and mortality?

Abstract We hypothesized a greater incidence of diseases transmitted by airborne vectors in countries where people interact at shorter distances from each other compared to countries where people interact at greater distances. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the interpersonal distance of pairs of people from different countries and the incidence of infectious disease in those countries. Morbidity and mortality data for 1981 were obtained from WHO reports, while interpersonal distance estimates were taken from Watson's study of proxemic behavior. Respiratory tuberculosis morbidity was negatively correlated with interpersonal distance (r = −.51, p = .037), while respiratory tuberculosis mortality was not (r = −.42, p = .051). Mortality from non-respiratory tuberculosis was negatively related to interpersonal distance (r = −.60, p = .007). To verify these correlations, we repeated the analyses using incidence data from 1977. Neither of the correlations remained significant, although for respiratory tuberculosis morbidity r = −.44 (p = .059). Our inability to replicate the original findings suggests the significant results for 1981 may have been spurious.
Civic Engagement and Public Policy Making in America

Larry N. Gerston, Public Policymaking in a Democratic Society: A Guide to Civic Engagement Thomas A. Birkland, An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making Mark E. Rushefsky, Public Policy in the United States: At the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century
Elevated anxiety-like behavior following ethanol exposure in mutant mice lacking neuropeptide Y (NPY).

Abstract Background Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuromodulator with anxiolytic properties. Recent evidence suggests that NPY modulates neurobiological responses to ethanol. Because withdrawal from ethanol is associated with elevated anxiety-like behavior, and because central NPY modulates anxiety, we assessed anxiety-like behavior in mutant mice lacking normal production of NPY (NPY−/−) and in normal wild-type mice (NPY+/+) 6 h after removal of a liquid diet containing 4.5% ethanol. Methods NPY−/− and NPY+/+ mice on a pure 129/SvEv genetic background were given 6 days of access to a liquid ethanol diet (ED) or control diet (CD). Six hours before elevated plus maze (EPM) testing, ED was replaced with CD in the ethanol-withdrawn group. Results Ethanol-withdrawn NPY−/− mice showed significantly less open arm time and total proportion of time spent in the open arm of the EPM relative to ethanol-withdrawn NPY+/+ mice and when compared to NPY−/− and NPY+/+ mice that had access to the CD. On the other hand, ethanol-withdrawn NPY+/+ mice did not show altered EPM behavior relative to controls. Conclusions Central NPY is protective against anxiety-like behavior stemming from exposure to and/or withdrawal from ethanol. Targets aimed at NPY receptors may be useful compounds for treating anxiety associated with ethanol dependence.
Introduction: 1989 and Beyond: The Future of Democratic Politics (II)

The latest two issues of the Journal, for the Fall and Winter of 2009, have been published in a span of time that coincides—almost to the month—with the events twenty years ago that peacefully transformed political rule in East and Central Europe, and that launched democratic aspirations in many other parts of the world. Twenty years after those events we are pleased to present you with a set of critical reflections on key facets of the democratic transformations in the region and beyond, starting with the memorable Fall of Nations in 1989 that marked—as Jonathan Schell put it—The End of the Empire. Among the authors in this second issue are academics and intellectuals who are also practitioners, people deeply invested in the democratic project, who examine here some more of the key challenging dimensions of the transformation: constitution-making (Andrew Arato, Peter Molnar), local self-governance (Joanna Regulska), and media (Monroe Price), as well as the contentious issues of class (David Ost), gender (Zora Butorova and Shireen Hassim), nation (Mara Lazda), and the politics of the past (Adam Michnik). We conclude the issue with a reflection that links the 1989 politics of hope in East and Central Europe with the most recent political developments in the United States (Jeffrey Goldfarb). As was the case in the previous issue of the Journal, the contributors are indeed international (American, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, South African), and most of the contributions were prepared for a conference organized in April 2008 at the New School for Social Research by its Transregional Center for Democratic Studies in collaboration with the European-based Research Network 1989. Int J Polit Cult Soc (2009) 22:419 DOI 10.1007/s10767-009-9081-9
The first synthesis of [9, amino‐15N2] adenine and β‐2′‐deoxy‐[9, amino‐15N2] adenosine

β-2'-Deoxy-[9,Amino- 15 N 2 ]Adenosine has been constructed in 4 steps from commercially available 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 15 NH 3 . The reactions have been scaled to provide significant quantities of labeled nucleoside.
A direct discrete-time approach to Poisson–Gaussian bond option pricing in the Heath–Jarrow–Morton model

Abstract Term structure models employing Poisson–Gaussian processes may be used to accommodate the observed skewness and kurtosis of interest rates. This paper extends the discrete-time, pure-Gaussian version of the Heath–Jarrow–Morton model to the pricing of American-type bond options when the underlying term structure of interest rates follows a Poisson–Gaussian process. The Poisson–Gaussian process is specified using a hexanomial tree (six nodes emanating from each node), and the tree is shown to be recombining. The scheme is parsimonious and convergent. This model extends the class of HJM models by (i) introducing a more generalized volatility specification than has been used so far, and (ii) including jumps, yet retaining lattice recombination, thus making the model useful for practical applications.
Liquid Methionine as a Drinking Water Supplement for Broiler Chicks

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of a liquid methionine source supplied through the water on chick performance. Methionine at .025, .05, and .075% (Experiment 3, only) from the liquid source were added to the drinking water and compared with .05 and .075% (Experiment 2 and 3) dry methionine supplementation in a methionine-deficient basal. A dry DL-methionine was used for diet supplementation in Experiments 1 and 2, and both liquid and dry sources were used in Experiment 3. Day-old (Cobb) feather-sexed broiler chicks received these treatments for 3-week periods. Mortality was not significantly altered by any of the treatments. In two of the three experiments neither feed nor water intake was significantly affected by treatment. In Experiment 2, control birds consumed significantly less feed than other groups, and daily water intake of birds that received .05% supplemental feed methionine was elevated above that of other regimens. Fecal moisture and fecal sodium levels were not elevated above those measured from the unsupplemented basal. In all three studies comparable levels of methionine from feed or water supported equivalent body weights. Within the limits of these tests, liquid DL-methionine provided in the drinking water was effectively assimilated by broiler chicks and increased total methionine intake, which increased growth.
Free Energy and Thermal Fluctuations of Neutral Lipid Bilayers

A new method is proposed to calculate the free energy of lamellar liquid crystals lipid bilayers/water. The root-mean-square fluctuation of the distance between two neighboring bilayers is calculat...
Relationship between the 12-lead electrocardiogram during ventricular tachycardia and endocardial site of origin in patients with coronary artery disease.

Previous studies in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) have demonstrated the efficacy of surgical and catheter-mediated ablative procedures based on activation mapping during VT. Since extensive preoperative or intraoperative mapping may be impractical due to time constraints or patient intolerance, we sought to define characteristics of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during VT that could suggest a particular endocardial region of origin and thus facilitate mapping studies. Endocardial mapping was performed during 182 VTs in 108 patients with prior myocardial infarction of either the anterior or inferior wall. Endocardial sites of origin (sites from which greater than or equal to 40 msec of presystolic electrical activity was consistently recorded) were identified with use of catheter (154 VTs) or intraoperative (85 VTs) activation mapping (both methods used in 57 Vts). Twelve-lead ECGs obtained during these VTs were characterized by four features: location of infarction, bundle branch block type configuration, quadrant of QRS axis, and precordial R wave progression pattern. A specific combination of these four features was associated with a particular endocardial region containing the mapped site of origin in 87 VTs (48% of total). An association (greater than or equal to 70% positive predictive accuracy) was more likely to be found in the presence of left, as opposed to right, bundle branch block type patterns (53/73 [73%] vs 34/109 [31%]; p less than .001) and in the presence of VT related to inferior, as opposed to anterior, infarction (40/54 [74%] vs 47/128 [37%]; p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Siltation, Resulting from Improper Logging, on the Bottom Fauna of a Small Trout Stream in the Southern Appalachians

(1955). Effects of Siltation, Resulting from Improper Logging, on the Bottom Fauna of a Small Trout Stream in the Southern Appalachians. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 64-70.
Air Containing Nitrogen-15 Ammonia: Foliar Absorption by Corn Seedlings

Thirty-day-old corn seedlings, grown in the greenhouse with different concentrations of supplemental nitrate nitrogen, were moved to a constant-temperature growth chamber and sealed in a 560-liter tent made of polyvinyl chloride. The plants were exposed to air containing ammonia labeled with nitrogen-15 (1, 10, and 20 parts per million) for 24 hours and then harvested. The nitrogen-15 content of the tops and roots showed that at 1 part per million 43 percent of the ammonia was absorbed, whereas at 10 and 20 parts per million, 30 percent of the ammonia was absorbed. The results demonstrate that growing plants may be a natural sink for atmospheric ammonia.
All the world as our stage

The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years.. ByW. C. Clark R. W. Kates J. F. Richards J. T. Mathews W. B. Meyer. Cambridge University Press with Clark University: 1991. Pp. 713. £75, $100.
Seasonal distribution and modeling of diesel particulate matter in the Southeast US

The fine and ultra fine size of diesel particulate mater (DPM) are of great health concern and significantly contribute to the overall cancer risk. In addition, diesel particles may contribute a warming effect on the planet's climate. The composition of these particles is composed principally of elemental carbon (EC) with adsorbed organic compounds, sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, metals, and other trace elements. The purpose of this study was to depict the seasonality and modeling of particulate matter in the Southeastern US produced by the diesel fueled sources (DFSs). The modeling results came from four one-month cases including March, June, September, and December to represent different seasons in 2003 by linking Models-3/CMAQ and SMOKE. The 1999 National Emissions Inventory Version 3 (NEI99) was used in this analysis for point, area, and non-road sources, whereas the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) was used to create the on-road emissions. Three urban areas, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Nashville were selected to analyze the DPM emissions and concentrations. Even though the model performance was not very strong, it could be considered satisfactory to conduct seasonal distribution analysis for DPM. Important hourly DPM seasonality was observed in each city, of which higher values occurred at the morning traffic rush hours. The EC contributions of primary DPM were similar for all three sites (approximately 74%). The results showed that there is no significant daily seasonality of DPM contribution to PM(2.5) for any of these three cities in 2003. The annual DPM contribution to total PM(2.5) for Atlanta, Nashville, and Birmingham were 3.7%, 2.5%, and 2.2%, respectively.
Host Range of the Argentine Root Borer Carmenta haematica (Ureta) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Snakeweeds (Gutierrezia spp) in the United States

Abstract The Argentine root-boring sesiid moth Carmenta haematica (Ureta) is restricted in Argentina to plants of two genera, Grindelia and Gutierrezia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Field examination of 51,622 plants of 67 species of Asteraceae at 286 locations revealed that larvae completed their development only in Grindelia chiloensis (Corn.) Cabrera, Grindelia tehuelches Cabrera, Gutierrezia solbrigii Cabrera, Gutierrezia spathulata (Phil.) Kurtz., and Gutierrezia mandonii (Sch. Bip.) Solbrig. In multiple-choice tests in the laboratory, using cut stems of 37 species in 27 genera and eight tribes of Asteraceae, 93.5% of the neonate larvae that entered stems entered those of 4 species of Grindelia and Gutierrezia and 95.7% entered these plus the 1 other species of the subtribe Solidagininae tested. In no-choice tests using potted plants in the laboratory garden, neonate larvae placed in holes drilled in the stems of 28 species of plants developed to the adult stage only in Gr. chiloensis but reached the fourth instar also in Grindelia pulchella Dun., Gu. solbrigii, and Solidago chilensis Meyen. The no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory tests, interpreted through the three basic elements of host specificity of insects, support the host range observed in the field. C. haematica is the most specific insect yet tested for biological control of snakeweed. It is sufficiently host specific for introduction into quarantine in the United States for further testing and possible future release in the field.
Continuity properties of stationary points of quadratic functionals in hilbert space

Sufficient conditions are obtained for a weak type of continuity of stationary points of quadratic functional in Hilbert space with respect to perturbations of the operator defining the functional. The setting and assumptions are directed towards the study of some boundary value problems in the theory of linear elasticity.
The weHelp reference architecture for community-driven recommender systems

Recommender systems have become increasingly popular. Most research on recommender systems has focused on recommendation algorithms. There has been relatively little research, however, in the area of generalized system architectures for recommendation systems. In this paper, we introduce weHelp - a reference architecture for social recommender systems. Our architecture is designed to be application and domain agnostic, but we briefly discuss here how it applies to recommender systems for software engineering.
Alcohol Challenge Responses Predict Future Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms: A 6-Year Prospective Study

Background Propensity for alcohol misuse may be linked to an individuals' response to alcohol. This study examined the role of alcohol response phenotypes to future drinking problems. Methods One hundred four young heavy social drinkers participated in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory alcohol challenge study with 6-year follow-up. Participants were examined for subjective responses before and after receiving an intoxicating dose of alcohol (.8 g/kg) or a placebo beverage, given in random order. Follow-up was conducted in 5 waves over 6 years after the sessions to assess drinking behaviors and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. Retention was high with 98% (509 of 520) of possible follow-ups completed. Results Greater sensitivity to alcohol, in terms of stimulation and rewarding effects (like, want more) and lower sensitivity to alcohol sedation predicted greater number of AUD symptoms through 6 years of follow-up. Cluster analyses revealed that for half the sample, increasing levels of stimulation and liking were predictors of more AUD symptoms with the other half divided between those showing like and want more and want more alone as significant predictors. Conclusions The findings extend previous findings and offer new empirical insights into the propensity for excessive drinking and alcohol problems. Heightened alcohol stimulation and reward sensitivity robustly predicted more alcohol use disorder symptoms over time associated with greater binge-drinking frequency. These drinking problems were maintained and progressed as these participants were entering their third decade of life, a developmental interval when continued alcohol misuse becomes more deviant.
The value of in-transit visibility for supply chains with multiple modes of transport

This study seeks to quantify the value of visibility over assets moving through a multi-modal transportation network. It presents a transportation model combining shipment and route choice and shows how in-transit visibility can be used to adjust the transportation plan with respect to the known state of the transportation system. By simulating the decision-making process with different levels of visibility, the gradual benefits of in-transit visibility are quantified. Computational experiments show that on-time delivery performance can be significantly improved by increasing the level of visibility.
Stark effects in C13H3f: Passive Q switching of the CO2 laser using C13 enriched methyl fluoride

Stark modulated absorption of CO2 laser radiation at 1035.462 cm−1 [P(32), 9.6 μ] by methyl fluoride shows that C13H3F is the absorbing species. The approximate absorption coefficient of C13H3F at the laser frequency is 0.25 cm−1 Torr−1. Passive Q switching of the P(32) 9.6‐μ laser transition has been achieved using 50% C13 enriched samples and a wide range of CH3F pressures depending on the gain of the laser cavity.
A distribution system for digital images from diverse image sources : Incorporating a local area network in an imaging environment

This paper proposes a unified image-processing and viewing system as a viewing station and initially as the central file server in a unified digital image distribution and processing network, linking various digital image sources through a high speed data link and a common image format. The network allows for viewing and processing of all images produced within the complex and for locating viewing stations in any number of convenient areas. The system proposed can be slowly expanded to include all the digital images produced within the department of institution.
L 1 Spline Methods for Scattered Data Interpolation and Approximation

We generalize the L1 spline methods proposed in [4, 5] for scattered data interpolation and fitting using bivariate spline spaces of any degree d and any smoothness r (of course, r<d) over any triangulation. Some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the better performance of the L1 spline methods as compared to the minimal energy method. We include some extensions for dealing with other surface design problems.
The sound generated by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a crescendo

Abstract The total energy deposited into the medium per unit length by a fast parton traversing a quarkgluon plasma is calculated. We take the medium excitation due to collisions to be given by the well known expression for the collisional drag force. The parton's radiative energy loss contributes to the energy deposition because each radiated gluon acts as an additional source of collisional energy loss in the medium. In our model, this leads to a length dependence on the differential energy loss due to the interactions of radiated gluons with the medium. The final result, which is a sum of the primary and the secondary contributions, is then treated as the coefficient of a local hydrodynamic source term. Results are presented for energy density wave induced by two fast, back-to-back partons created in an initial hard interaction.
90Y radioembolization versus chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of comparative effectiveness

Locoregional catheter-based therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), drug-eluting bead chemoembolization and yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization. Although current guidelines recommend cTACE for inoperable HCC, comparative effectiveness of drug-eluting bead chemoembolization and 90Y radioembolization in the management of HCC remains undefined due to the lack of data evaluating safety and effectiveness among these therapies. A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out for studies examining comparative effectiveness of cTACE and 90Y based on objective tumor response and overall patient survival. Further data on efficacy, safety, toxicity and cost–effectiveness was also examined. The National Cancer Institute Levels of Evidence for Cancer Treatment Studies provided a useful framework for the critical understanding and stratification of current evidence on locoregional therapy for unresectable HCC. Based on current retro...
Reproduction in the Otter, Lutra Canadensis

Reproduction was studied in 93 male and 74 female river otters, Lutra canadensis , in New York. Age criteria were assessed and approximate ages established. Evidence from reproductive tracts indicated that females breed for the first time in March or April when 2 years old, and that males produce mature sperm cells at that age. Free blastocysts were recovered from November and December females. Implanted embryos were recovered in February, March and April. Data from sectioned ovaries and uterine tracts indicate that adult females mate not long after parturition; that implantation is delayed for 8 or more months and that the total gestation period is approximately 12 months. Corpora lutea show small, compact cells with no vacuolation in November–December otters with free blastocysts; corpora lutea of females with implanted embryos are greatly enlarged with very large cells. Most commonly 2 or 3 young are produced. A fetus at term is described. Sex ratios are given.
Cognitive structures based on culinary success factors in the development of new dishes by Japanese chefs at fine dining restaurants

The aim of this study was to conceptualize a new dish design process used by highly reputable chefs at fine dining restaurants, using cognitive modeling methods, and prioritize the important culinary success factors (CSFs) of the cognitive structures involved in creating new dishes characteristic to Japanese chefs of Japanese and French cuisine in fine dining restaurants. We asked 12 chefs of Japanese cuisine and 7 chefs of French cuisine at fine dining restaurants to answer questionnaires designed according to the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. All participants were Japanese. We preselected CSFs via text mining, using the laddering method in discussions with 9 chefs of Japanese cuisine about 54 new dishes that they had created. We identified 10 CSFs, as follows: (1) utilization of main ingredient texture, (2) utilization of main ingredient flavor, (3) utilization of main ingredient umami, (4) featured main ingredient, (5) good pairings (complements) between main and secondary ingredients, (6) not too rich, (7) good balance, (8) cuisine more Japanese in style, (9) elegance, and (10) surprise. We then created a DEMATEL diagram as a visual representation of each chef’s thinking pattern with respect to dish creation. In the average diagram of chefs of Japanese cuisine, “utilization of main ingredient flavor” held the greatest importance and was influenced most by “cuisine more Japanese in style” in dish creation. Therefore, making cuisine more Japanese in style would result in chefs of Japanese cuisine using the main ingredient’s flavor. Therefore, chefs of Japanese cuisine believed that when a chef prioritized using the main ingredient’s flavor in the creation of Japanese cuisine, the new dish would be valuable. In addition, the average diagram of chefs of French cuisine was created and compared to that of chefs of Japanese cuisine. This study shows that the cognitive analysis of highly reputable chefs at fine dining restaurants can provide cognitive models of dish creation for 10 CSFs of Japanese chefs of Japanese and French cuisine and can be used as references for beginners creating the new dishes.
Fusion of Doppler Radar and video information for automated traffic surveillance

Current Doppler Radar speed measurement systems lack the ability to distinguish multiple targets within the microwave beamwidth. In this paper, a traffic surveillance system is presented that is capable of automatically monitoring vehicle speeds on roadways using sensor fusion on data acquired from a calibrated video camera and a continuous wave Doppler radar. The Time-Frequency resolution of the Radar signal is improved by employing the method of Time-Frequency reassignment. Then, the 3D tracking information obtained from the calibrated video camera is augmented by the more accurate information from the Doppler Radar to produce a position and velocity track of the targets within the surveillance region.
An Iterative Approach to Two-Dimensional Laplacian Smoothing with Application to Image Restoration

Abstract Smoothing methods are increasingly important in modern graphically oriented data analysis. There are several fast and reliable univariate cross-validated smoothing algorithms, but comparable methods are not available in higher dimensions. This article develops an iterative approach to two-dimensional Laplacian spline smoothing based on tensor-product cubic B splines. Estimating equations are developed and solved iteratively using two-line symmetric successive over relaxation with conjugate gradient acceleration. An asymptotic approximation for the generalized cross-validation score is described. The resulting algorithm is naturally suited to two-dimensional scatterplot smoothing but has potential value for image restoration as well. This is illustrated on a multicolor image example. Along with an image restoration an uncertainty assessment based on the entropy of the marginal posterior pixel value distribution is produced. This analysis particularly highlights the statistical uncertainty in resol...
Factors Influencing the At-Sea Distribution of Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) that Breed in the Channel Islands, California

ABSTRACT. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate at-sea habitat use by Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) that bred at Prince Island, off southern California, from 1999 through 2001. We used logistic regression to compare paired radiotelemetry (presence) with random (pseudo-absence) location-associated habitat variables derived from (1) satellite remote-sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration and (2) bathymetry. Compared with random locations within their foraging area and after controlling for distance to colony, odds ratios indicated that Cassin's Auklets with dependent young occurred in relatively shallower, warmer, and chlorophyll-rich water associated with chlorophyll fronts near the insular shelf break. These oceanographic features characterize habitats that support key euphausiid prey (e.g., Thysanoessa spinifera) and also other krill predators. Radiotelemetry combined with satellite remote-sensing of the ocean provides an alternative to vessel-based surveys for evalu...
Light gradient partitioning by tropical tree seedlings in the absence of canopy gaps.

To explore the importance of light availability for seedling growth in low light environments, we examined light-dependent growth, biomass allocation and mortality of tree seedlings growing in sites with 0.2-6.5% full sun, the range of light commonly encountered in the understory of closed canopy, lowland tropical forests. We transplanted seedlings of the canopy tree species, Dipteryx panamensis, Virola koschnyii, and Brosimum alicastrum into second-growth forest and native tree plantations at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We assessed seedling survival, growth, and seedling light environments bimonthly for 14 months. Plants were harvested at the end of the study to assess leaf area, total biomass, biomass partitioning and root growth. Survivorship of all species exceeded 60% across all microsites, although both D. panamensis and B. alicastrum had lower probabilities of survival in the darkest microsites. All species showed a strong positive relationship between light availability and growth, increasing in total biomass as light increased. However, the strength of the growth response differed among species causing a change in the rank order of species growth rates as light availability increased. Although D. panamensis showed the lowest growth rates in the darkest microsites, a strong response to increasing light led to a cross-over in performance, such that D. panamensis had the highest growth rate at the highest light levels studied. These data suggest that resource gradient partitioning could occur even in low light environments (0.2-6.5%). Given the limited range of light regimes sampled (i.e., non-gap microsites), our data demonstrate that growth of tropical tree seedlings beneath closed canopies is highly sensitive to light availability and that shade-tolerant species vary in these responses. Our results show that understory light heterogeneity, in the absence of canopy gaps, can significantly affect recruitment processes for shade-tolerant tree species.
Student Success Modeling Elementary School to College Edited by Raymond V. Padilla

(Ed.), Sterling, VA: Stylus, 2009, 212 pages, $29.95 (paperback). Is the glass half full or half empty? I am certain we have all heard this rhetorical question at one time or another. Derived from ...
The Dutch Reformed Church and Negro Slavery in Colonial America

Current attitudes of religious organizations toward the civil rights movement prompt the raising of various historical questions. These concern, among others, the attitude of the churches toward the slave trade and the use of slave labor in the American colonies. Did the churches ignore slavery or did they object to it but were unable to change it because of vested economic interests? Were there any individual clergymen who raised particularly loud voices of protest against the use of slave labor and the buying and selling of human beings? Did the churches make any effort to convert the Negroes to Christianity? The examination of such questions with reference to a specific religious denomination, the Dutch Reformed Church, sheds light on this subject.
SERUM INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN GENETIC AND EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS.

A modification of the epididymal fat pad assay for insulin-like activity has been applied to serum from normal subjects, untreated diabetic patients, and dogs with experimentally induced diabetes. Diabetic patients exhibited abnormally elevated serum ILA levels before and after glucose loading, and also demonstrated a delay in their ILA response to glucose. Dogs with experimental diabetes did not show an elevation in their ILA values. Genetically determined diabetes is obviously different from simple insulin deficiency diabetes. The data confirm and extend previous observations that a significant degree of hyperinsulinemia exists in the garden variety of mildly diabetic pa tients. Unusually high levels of insulin like activity were found in 7 of 27 apparently normal subjects. Their ILA exceeded at most times the mean of those found in the diabetic patients. Two of these subjects later discovered a family history of diabetes. Some of the implications of these observations are discussed.
Code-aided interference suppression for DS/CDMA communications. I. Interference suppression capability

A code-aided technique for the simultaneous suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) networks is proposed. This technique is based on the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) algorithm for multiuser detection. The performance of this technique against MAI has been considered previously. In this paper, its performance against NBI as well as combined NBI and MAI is addressed. Specifically, the performance of this technique against three types of narrow-band interferers, namely, multitone interferers, autoregressive (AR) interferers, and digital interferers, is analyzed. The NBI suppression performance of this method is then compared with performance bounds of the linear and nonlinear estimator-subtracter NBI suppression techniques. It is seen that this method outperforms all of the previous linear or nonlinear methods of NBI suppression, while simultaneously suppressing the MAI.
Flexible and Risk-Sharing Supply Contracts Under Price Uncertainty

We study supply contracts for deterministic demand but in an environment of uncertain prices. We develop valuation methodologies for different types of supply contracts. A "time-inflexible contract" requires the firm to specify not only how many units it will purchase, but also the timing of the purchase. A "time-flexible contract" allows the firm to specify the purchase amount over a given period of time without specifying the exact time of purchase. Other than time flexibility, the suppliers may offer "quantity flexibility" to the firm as well, i.e., purchase quantities could be within a prespecified quantity window. Finally, "risk-sharing" features can be incorporated in the contract in terms of the purchase price that the firm eventually pays to a supplier. Within a prespecified price window the firm pays the realized price, but outside of it the firm shares, in an agreed way, added costs or benefits. Given the structure of a supply contract, we study the firm's decision when to purchase and how many units in each purchase such that the expected net present value of the purchase cost plus inventory holding cost is minimized. We discuss optimal purchasing strategies for both time-flexible and time-inflexible contracts with risk-sharing features. Other interesting results include the analysis of two-supplier sourcing environments and the exploitation of quantity flexibility in such contracts. Our discussion illustrates how time flexibility, quantity flexibility, supplier selection, and risk sharing, when carefully exercised can effectively reduce the sourcing cost in environments of price uncertainty.
Effect of the Mass Center Shift for Force-Free Flexible Spacecraft

For a spinning flexible spacecraft the mass center generally shifts relative to the nominal undeformed position. It is thought that this shift of center complicates spacecraft stability analysis. It is proved, on the basis of results achieved by Meirovitch and Calico (1972), that for the general class of force-free single-spin flexible spacecraft it is possible to ignore this shift of center without affecting the stability criteria in any significant way. A new theorem on inequalities for quadratic forms is proved to demonstrate the validity of the stability analysis.
Predictors of the therapeutic alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations

Objectives This study hypothesized that several baseline client characteristics (i.e. age, symptoms, insight, social functioning) would significantly predict client-rated group alliance in out-patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Design Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to evaluate the contributions of selected baseline individual client characteristics and group level characteristics to client-rated group alliance at the sixth session of group therapy. The effect of treatment type (CBT vs. ST) on group alliance and interaction with predictor variables were also analysed. Finally, correlations were computed to explore the relationship between group alliance, attendance, and treatment engagement. Methods Sixty-three out-patients who had treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations were randomly assigned to either group CBT, which targeted reduction of distress associated with hallucinations, or group ST, which focused on improving social integration. Results Results indicate that a stronger group alliance at the mid-point of treatment was associated with overall higher levels of group insight, and lower individual autistic preoccupation and social functioning at the baseline assessment. In addition, stronger group alliance was significantly correlated with higher attendance rates and therapists' ratings of treatment compliance. Conclusions These findings have implications for determining group composition and identifying clients low in therapeutic engagement. Suggestions for future research on group alliance are also discussed.
Perioperative substance use disorder, opioid diversion, and opioid misuse by a medical professional undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Patients with substance use disorders can present challenges for effective perioperative pain management. Healthcare professionals with substance abuse disorders requiring medical treatment and pain management represent a unique subpopulation. The authors present a case of a nurse undergoing an orthopedic surgical procedure who was found with two large, organized tackle boxes of opioid medication in her hospital room. Although the incidence of substance use disorders in healthcare professionals is thought to be equivalent to the general population, the presentation, substances of choice, and inciting factors are unique. Further, treatment options available to such individuals have been established and proven successful .
Protein adsorption in asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes with highly constricted pores

Abstract Although protein adsorption can have profound effects on membrane transport, accurate measurements of protein uptake in asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes with highly constricted pores are currently unavailable. We have evaluated bovine serum albumin adsorption of Filtron NOVA and OMEGA polyethersulfone membranes with molecular weight cutoffs ranging from 30,000 to 1,000,000 using both 125 I-radiolabeled albumin and direct measurement of unlabeled protein uptake by mass. Data indicate that the radiolabeled proteins proteins adsorb preferentially compared to the unlabeled protein in both the ultrathin skin and substructure, but not in the membrane matrix due to differences in polymer properties. Protein uptake was evaluated in each region of the membrane using data for the isolated matrix, the substructure and matrix in combination, and the full asymmetric membrane. Albumin uptake in the substructure and matrix attained monolayer levels in all of the membranes. Monolayer adsorption was also found in the ulthrathin skin of membranes with molecular weight cutoffs of 300,000 or greater, even though the pores in these membranes are only twice the size of an albumin molecule. Albumin adsorption in the ultrathin skin of the 100,000 molecular weight cutoff membrane was substantially reduced compared to monolayer levels, and protein uptake in the skin of the 50,000 molecular weight cutoff membrane was negligible. Measurements of the membrane hydraulic permeability before and after protein adsorption indicate that the effective pore radius in the larger molecular weight cutoff membranes was reduced by approximately 60 A, which is in good agreement with calculations based on monolayer adsorption.
Culture Change and Shifting Populations in Central Northern Mexico

Historical investigation of culture contact between raiding aboriginal Indian groups and Spanish colonists. Significant insights concerning conflicting concepts of ownership and property.
Flexible batching and consistency mechanisms for building interactive groupware applications

The paper presents our state sharing support for building object oriented interactive groupware in wide area distributed environments. We motivate and present an asynchronous model for updating replicated state, which supports atomicity of updates across multiple shared objects. Coupled with our flexible marshalling framework, this model allows existing application data structure classes to be easily extended and made shareable. To solve the problem of replica consistency we use a novel combination of three mechanisms: (1) global locks, (2) detection of incorrect update ordering, and (3) cloning a subset of the shared objects and state reinitialization. Finally, to reduce network load due to fine grain user interaction, we provide a framework for application specified event batching called Late Event Modification.
Doing business in Switzerland

Situated at the crossroads of Europe, Switzerland is an ideal example of a successful multicultural and multilingual society living in a harmonized way. This article provides a comprehensive review of Switzerland's historical development, political structure, economy, investment, and foreign trade environment. It aims at being a useful source of information for foreign businessmen and investors interested in doing business in Switzerland, one of the most advantageous business locations in Europe. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implicit network timing synchronization with phase-only updates

Timing synchronization is a critical requirement for implementation of a number of performance-enhancing strategies in mesh networks, including Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) for more efficient resource usage, and sleep scheduling for power efficiency. In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm for overhead-free maintenance of timing synchronization and investigate its scalability with the size of the network. In the proposed scheme, the nodes only use information obtained from the timing of existing communication in the network: each node updates only its clock phase when it receives a packet, depending on the difference between the expected and actual packet arrival times. The uncompensated frequency differences across nodes lead to irreducible phase errors, which we bound by introducing the notion of an averaged system. We use a linear programming formulation to show that these phase errors can grow with the network size, thereby concluding that simple, phase-only adjustments might suffice to maintain synchrony in small networks, but additional frequency adjustments are necessary for larger networks.
Correlation of ozone and meteorology with hydrogen peroxide in urban and rural regions of North Carolina

Abstract Gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) along With other trace gases and meteorology were monitored in two distinct regimes of high- and low-NOx (urban and rural) areas in North Carolina during the summer of 1991 as part of the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS). Gas-phase hydrogen peroxide concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to about 1.0 ppbv and from less than 0.05 to 2.0 ppbv at the urban and rural sites, respectively. A clear diurnal trend was observed at both locations, though at the urban site the H2O2 profile lagged the ozone profile by 23 h. At the rural site, high H2O2 concentrations were observed on certain nights. The various physical, chemical, and meteorological parameters affecting H2O2 concentrations were examined using observational-based statistical analysis. It was found that in the urban air, H2O2 concentrations increased with increasing temperature, solar radiation, and ozone concentrations but decreased with increasing NOx, carbon monoxide, and relative humidity. ...