cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Adjoint Boundary Problems

Corresponding to the two-point boundary problems considered in Chapter III, we now consider vector boundary problems associated with a system of the form (V.3.1). It will be assumed that the coefficient matrix functions A(t), B(t), C(t) satisfy hypothesis (V) of Section V.3.
Cellular regulation of ADP-ribosylation of proteins. IV. Conversion of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity to NAD-glycohydrolase during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL60 cells

Two enzymatic activities of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or transferase (ADPRT, EC 2.4.2.30), a DNA-associating abundant nuclear protein with multiple molecular activities, have been determined in HL60 cells prior to and after their exposure to 1 microM retinoic acid, which results in the induction of differentiation to mature granulocytes in 4-5 days. The cellular concentration of immunoreactive ADPRT protein molecules in differentiated granulocytes remained unchanged compared to that in HL60 cells prior to retinoic acid addition (3.17 +/- 1.05 ng/10(5) cells), as did the apparent activity of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase of nuclei. On the other hand, the poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing capacity of permeabilized cells or isolated nuclei decreased precipitously upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation, whereas the NAD glycohydrolase activity of nuclei significantly increased. The nuclear NAD glycohydrolase activity was identified as an ADPRT-catalyzed enzymatic activity by its unreactivity toward ethenoadenine NAD as a substrate added to nuclei or to purified ADPRT. During the decrease in in vitro poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity of nuclei following retinoic acid treatment, the quantity of endogenously poly(ADP-ribosylated) ADPRT significantly increased, as determined by chromatographic isolation of this modified protein by the boronate affinity technique, followed by gel electrophoresis and immunotransblot. When homogenous isolated ADPRT was first ADP-ribosylated in vitro, it lost its capacity to catalyze further polymer synthesis, whereas the NAD glycohydrolase function of the automodified enzyme was greatly augmented. Since results of in vivo and in vitro experiments coincide, it appears that in retinoic acid-induced differentiated cells (granulocytes) the autopoly(ADP-ribosylated) ADPRT performs a predominantly, if not exclusively, NAD glycohydrolase function.
Pantothenic Acid Requirements of Channel Catfish Fingerlings

In 8- and 12-week feeding trials, channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing four levels (0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) and six levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) of supplemental calcium pantothenate, respectively. The dietary pantothenate level required for maximal growth, feed conversion and prevention of gross deficiency signs was approximately 10 mg/kg of diet. Fish fed the unsupplemented diet showed severe anorexia, loss of weight, clubbed gills, anemia, high mortality rates and eroded skins, lower jaws, fins and barbels. Fused gill filaments were not obtained as reported in pantothenate deficient salmonids.
Interactions of 5'-Adenosine Diphosphate and l-Threonine with the Quaternary Structure of l-Threonine Dehydratase I. NATURE OF THE ENZYMIC SUBSTRUCTURE

Abstract An analysis of the subunit structure of l-threonine dehydratase (l-threonine hydro-lyase (deaminating)) from Clostridium tetanomorphum has revealed that the native enzyme, with a molecular weight of 184,000, is composed of four apparently identical subunits. This conclusion was based on the results obtained from peptide maps, cyanogen bromide cleavage patterns, sedimentation coefficients of maleylated enzyme, and molecular weight estimated in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride plus 1 mm mercaptoethanol. Furthermore, threonine dehydratase was found to contain 4 moles of pyridoxal phosphate per mole of native enzyme. Evidence was also gathered that the protomer of molecular weight 46,000 was composed of two nonidentical peptide chains of approximately 29,000 and 17,000 molecular weight. This was supported by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, carboxyl-terminal analysis, chromatography on guanidine-agarose columns, and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation of carboxamidomethylated enzyme in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. The fact that strongly dissociating and reducing conditions were necessary to produce species less than 46,000 suggest that the subprotomeric polypeptide chains are disulfide bridged.
The university of virginia campus grid: integrating grid technologies with the campus information infrastructure

Grid software often unfortunately requires significant changes in existing infrastructure, both in terms of policy and mechanism, instead of accommodating and leveraging existing information servers such as enterprise LDAP servers and enterprise authentication infrastructures. The University of Virginia Campus Grid (UVaCG) has been designed explicitly to re-use as much existing infrastructure in the campus environment as possible in creating a Grid based on the Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF), specifically the Globus Toolkit v4 and WSRF.NET. We report on the design and the current status of the UVaCG, with particular emphasis on the challenge of creating explicit policy expression, negotiation, and enforcement. When fully operational, campus researchers will be able to seamlessly utilize resources within the campus enterprise and expand on-demand to larger Grids such as the TeraGrid and the Open Science Grid.
Antethoracic pancardiocentesis. A comprehensive diagnostic procedure for the study of multivalvular lesions.

Abstract A new method, antethoracic pancardiocentesis, is described for obtaining pressures and measuring flows from all chambers. Both an atrial and a ventricular puncture are performed through the anterior chest. Cannulation of the brachial artery or catheterization of the aorta and left ventricle through the femoral artery are also done. Simultaneous pressures across these valves are recorded to detect stenosis. Regurgitant flows across the same valves are detected by injecting dye into the distal chamber and sampling from the proximal chambers. This maneuver also reveals any left-to-right shunt that might be present. Eighty-seven patients have been examined. In 73, left atrial and ventricular pressures were recorded simultaneously; in 60, right atrial and ventricular pressures also were recorded, usually simultaneously. In 45 cases successful dyedilution studies were done. The estimation of valvular regurgitation was confirmed at surgery in 23 cases. There was no instance of a significant discrepancy between the dye-dilution record and the findings at surgery. One late death occurred. There were five serious complications; one of myocardial infarction and 4 of hemopericardium. The simultaneous pressure recordings and the direct manner of the dye-dilution technic have yielded diagnostic information which has been qualitatively and quantitatively superior to that obtained from other methods.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SUCKLING MICE TO VARIOLA VIRUS

Marshall, Ronald G. (Army Chemical Corps, Fredrick, Md.), and Peter J. Gerone. Susceptibility of suckling mice to variola virus. J. Bacteriol. 82:15–19. 1961.—The susceptibility of suckling mice inoculated intraperitoneally or intracerebrally with variola virus was investigated. Data are presented that define the death patterns, the relationship of incubation period to dose of virus inoculated, the multiplication of virus in suckling mice, and the influence of the age of suckling mice on their susceptibility to this virus. Additionally the results indicate that a variola virus neutralization test is feasible using the young suckling mouse as an indicator host.
Filiation or Affiliation? Nasser and Children in Egyptian Literature

Among the growing number of literary works that have (re)-imagined the character of late Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, several Egyptian novels and autobiographies have represented him through the eyes of children, who, in one way or another, directly were affected by his personality, decisions, speeches, or ideas. The perspective of children offers these works a rare opportunity to approach Nasser in ways that the world of adults may not. It can indicate the incomprehensibility of the situation in which children find themselves vis-a-vis Nasser. Children's incomplete knowledge of the political context of their lives, these works suggest, may drive them to adopt different responses toward Nasser than those advanced by their families. More importantly, I argue that these works capture the children's developing awareness of the significance of Nasser at moments of severe familial crises, during which their fathers emerge as the most negatively affected ones. In so doing, these works place children i...
Interleukin-12 as an Adjuvant for an Antischistosome Vaccine Consisting of Adult Worm Antigens: Protection of Rats from Cercarial Challenge

Our group previously demonstrated that a detergent extract (fraction S3) prepared from immature (4-week) Schistosoma mansoni parasites can induce partial, serum-transferable immunity to challenge infection in rats when administered as an alum precipitate. In the present study, we examined whether S3 prepared from adult (7-week) worms could similarly induce protection and whether immunity could be positively influenced by treatment with interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-12 coadministered to Fischer rats and C57BL/6 mice at the time of S3 vaccination altered the prechallenge kinetics of S3-specific antibody titers in both species, ultimately leading to a stable enhancement of titers (relative to those in animals vaccinated without IL-12) in mice but not rats. Immunoblot analysis of prechallenge immune sera demonstrated that IL-12 treatment was associated with changes in the S3 antigen recognition profile in each species. Isotyping of specific antibodies in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated mice prior to challenge infection revealed a moderate elevation in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) responses, strongly enhanced IgG2a and IgG2b responses, as well as diminished total serum IgE responses compared to those in mice given S3 only. In vaccinated rats, IL-12 profoundly suppressed specific IgG1 and enhanced IgG2b responses but did not affect IgG2a responses. S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats also produced less total IgE upon challenge infection. Enumeration of worm burdens revealed that vaccination with S3 plus IL-12 conferred 50% protection from cercarial challenge to rats, whereas rats given S3 only were not protected; mice were not protected by S3 vaccination regardless of IL-12 coadministration. The protection observed in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats could not be transferred with serum, suggesting participation of an activated cellular component in the expression of immunity.
A study of sporophore development in the myxomycete Protophysarum phloiogenum.

Observations of sporophore development in fresh and glutaraldehydeosmium sequentially-fixed material ofProtophysarum phloiogenum show the following sequence. Small plasmodia cease streaming and round up. Food vacuoles collect in the lower center of the cytoplasmic mass. As the cytoplasm rises the food vacuolar contents are excluded from the plasmalemma and become the stalk core. A continuous, fibrous peridium and stalk tube enclose cytoplasm and stalk core respectively. Capillitial formation just precedes spore cleavage. Sporophore development is marked by autophagic activity and calcium deposition.
Structural modeling of lithium borosilicate glasses via NMR studies

Abstract A simple structural model is developed for glasses of the lithium borosilicate (Li 2 OB 2 O 3 SiO 2 ) system. The model involves three assumptions concerning distributions of the lithium ions in the borate and silicate networks. Several parameters appearing in the model reveal the composition at which particular boron-oxygen units are initially formed in the glasses. The model also yields predictions of the fractions of the various boron-oxygen units (e.g. BO 4 , BO 3 −1 ) that are in acceptable agreement with experiment.
Antagonism of ethanol narcosis by histidyl-proline diketopiperazine.

THYROTROPIN-RELEASING hormone, pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolineamide (TRH, Fig. 1) belongs to the class of hypothalamic peptides termed releasing factors1. Although TRH was originally described as the hormone which stimulates the release of thyrotropin, it has subsequently been shown to be involved in many other biological processes1. The mechanism by which TRH exhibits this broad range of activities is not clear; it might involve the action of TRH at multiple recognition sites or TRH might serve as a precursor for compounds which are biologically active. Previous studies on TRH metabolism have demonstrated the formation of pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline (acid TRH, Fig. 1)1. Attempts to associate biological activity with this compound have been uniformly negative, providing no support for the precursor hypothesis2,3. We show here that, in addition to acid TRH, TRH is also metabolised to histidylproline diketopiperazine (His-Pro, Fig. 1)4,5. This cyclic dipeptide is substantially more potent than TRH in reducing ethanol-induced sleep in rats6. These data indicate that TRH metabolism plays a part in its biological effects.
Effect of Lubrication in Nano-Indentation Process: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an effective numerical approach to study nano-indentation processes on many intriguing issues such as material deformation response, mechanical properties of materials such as hardness, and phase transformation. Lubrication is an important consideration for many types of tool-based manufacturing processes including indentation, scratching, and machining. It adds complexity to the system, affects the friction condition, and changes material behavior. For indentation process, the existence of lubrication liquid may also influence mechanical property measurements. Unfortunately, lubrication effect in tool-material interactions has not been addressed by the existing MD simulation literature. In this study, we construct 3D MD simulation models for nano-indentation of single crystal copper using a cylindrical diamond indenter under wet and dry conditions, respectively. The wet condition is realized by adding water molecules to the simulation system to separate the indenter and copper surface, while the dry condition does not have water molecule in the system. The tribological effects of water are investigated at two different indentation speeds. The results indicate that wet indentation with water eliminates the reverse indentation size effect, which however occurs in the dry nano-indentation process. Also, the existence of water results in higher computed hardness values under low indentation loads. Meanwhile, friction forces along the indenter/work interface are reduced under wet indentation condition. It is found that lubrication is helpful for preserving the size and shape of residual indentation. In addition, the increase of indentation speed increases the indentation force.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Temperature gradients in the nasal passage of some small mammals.

Abstract o 1. Measurements of temperatures were made along a median, dorsal portion of the nasal passage of 18 species of mammals collected from relatively mesic habitats. 2. All species demonstrated the presence of distinct temperature gradients decreasing from the proximal cribiform plate to the distal openings of the external nares 3. Exhalant air was about 1°C warmer than inhalant air; i.e. nose tip temperatures tended to follow ambient variations. 4. The common existence of thermal gradients suggested that nasal cooling may be universal among mammals, and adaptive for the conservation of heat and water during respiratory exchanges.
Plasma focus generated by radial foils on COBRA

Summary form only given. Radial foil configurations on the COrnell Beam Research Accelerator (COBRA) provide a convenient setup to study plasma foci using a high Z element such as aluminum. JxB forces push the plasma produced by the foil along the central pillar. Upon reaching the top, it collapses due to a magnetic pinch force, producing a plasma focus. The setup consists of a central pillar 6 mm tall and 1.5mm in diameter surrounded by an array of 6 to 8 vertical rods 20 mm in diameter with 8.5 mm spacing. Anode contact is asymmetrical about the edge of the foil, and the cathode consists of a hollow stainless steel pin with diameter 1.5mm located below the central pillar. The focus is observed through XUV pinhole cameras and by laser shadowgraphy. X-ray transmission intensities collected from PCD probes yield X-ray energies above 900 eV at the time of the focus, which implies an aluminum ionization level of 7 - 8. Numerical simulations using the PERSEUS code describe the plasma evolution and provide estimates of density, temperature and velocity for comparison to experimental data.
Response of precipitation extremes to idealized global warming in an aqua‐planet climate model: towards a robust projection across different horizontal resolutions

Current climate models produce quite heterogeneous projections for the responses of precipitation extremes to future climate change. To help understand the range of projections from multimodel ensembles, a series of idealized ‘aquaplanet’ Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) runs have been performed with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM3. These runs have been analysed to identify the effects of horizontal resolution on precipitation extreme projections under two simple global warming scenarios. We adopt the aquaplanet framework for our simulations to remove any sensitivity to the spatial resolution of external inputs and to focus on the roles of model physics and dynamics. Results show that a uniform increase of sea surface temperature (SST) and an increase of low-to-high latitude SST gradient both lead to increase of precipitation and precipitation extremes for most latitudes. The perturbed SSTs generally have stronger impacts on precipitation extremes than on mean precipitation. Horizontal model resolution strongly affects the global warming signals in the extreme precipitation in tropical and subtropical regions but not in high latitude regions. This study illustrates that the effects of horizontal resolution have to be taken into account to develop more robust projections of precipitation extremes.
AXIOMATIC FOUNDATIONS OF A THREE-SET GUTTMAN SIMPLEX MODEL WITH APPLICABILITY TO LONGITUDINAL DATA

In this paper the usual two-set Guttman simplex model is extended to three sets. The axiomatic foundations of this extention are presented. Two cases are discussed. In Case 1 there is a three-set joint order, while in Case 2 there is a two-set joint order consistent across all levels of the third set. Case 2 represents the first clear formulation of a longitudinal developmental scale. The model is discussed in terms of its most straightforward application, longitudinal developmental data, and in terms of other possible applications.
A Difference Infrared Study of Protein Structural Changes in the Photosynthetic Water-Oxidizing Complex

Difference infrared spectroscopy is used to study the manganese-containing catalytic site of photosystem II. Vibrational spectroscopy can test the hypothesis that there are protein conformational differences between the two EPR detectable forms of the S2 state, which are known as the g = 4.1 and the multiline state. A light-minus-dark difference spectrum is constructed at 200, 130, and 80 K. These illumination temperatures generate the S2 multiline state, the S2 g = 4.1 state, and a chlorophyll cation radical, respectively. Our data show that a unique protein conformation is associated with the formation of the g = 4.1 S2 state. Also, difference infrared spectroscopy demonstrates that formation of the S2 multiline state perturbs the vibrational spectrum of one or more carboxylic acid residues that may be in the vicinity of the manganese cluster. The perturbation is probably due to a change in hydrogen bonding or effective dielectric constant upon formation of the S2 state. Further, this carboxylate residu...
Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task

Up to one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits in the ‘executive’ function domain. Mild TBI patients have shown prefrontal cortex activity deficits during the performance of executive tasks requiring active information maintenance and manipulation. However, it is unclear whether these deficits are related to the executive processes themselves, or to the degree of mental effort. To determine whether prefrontal deficits also would be found during less effortful forms of executive ability, fMRI images were obtained on 31 mild TBI patients and 31 control participants during three-stimulus auditory oddball task performance. Although patients and controls had similar topographical patterns of brain activity, region-of-interest analysis revealed significantly decreased activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for mild TBI patients during target stimulus detection. Between-group analyses found evidence for potential compensatory brain activity during target detection and default-mode network dysfunction only during the detection of novel stimuli.
Enhancement of induced V polarization due to rough interfaces in polycrystalline V/Fe/V trilayers

The effect of interface roughness on the induced polarization of V in polycrystalline V/Fe/V trilayers was investigated with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and polarized neutron reflectometry. Trilayer samples were sputter deposited onto Si substrates at room temperature to minimize interdiffusion. The films were polycrystalline and exhibited an average 0.5 nm root-mean-square interfacial roughness at the Fe/V interfaces. The induced polarization found in V was constrained to the Fe/V interface extending approximately up to 2\char21{}3 monolayers into the V and exhibited antiferromagnetic alignment to the Fe layer. A magnetic moment for V ranging between $\ensuremath{-}0.46$ and $\ensuremath{-}0.86\text{ }{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{B}}/\text{V}$ atom is consistent with the neutron and resonant x-ray data. Notably, this value for structurally rough interfaces is significantly larger than that reported for samples with atomically flat Fe/V interfaces.
Simulation training in the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of obstetrics simulator training for medical students by comparing measures of confidence in normal obstetrics skills of students with and without training. Study design After a lecture on normal labor and delivery, 33 third-year students practiced their skills either on an obstetrics simulator (n = 17) or received no further formal instruction (n = 16). All students were asked to respond to surveys of their experience and confidence in performing obstetrics procedures. Results Students who practiced deliveries on the simulator were more likely to believe that they could perform most portions of a vaginal delivery with minimal supervision or independently than were students who did not receive simulator experience. Fifteen students (88%) who received simulator experience felt that they were ready to attempt a vaginal delivery independently or with minimal supervision compared with 2 students (12.5%) who received a lecture only ( P Conclusion Students who practiced deliveries on an obstetrics simulator report higher levels of confidence in their skills to perform vaginal deliveries.
Coherent pulse propagation in a discrete non-Bragg resonant medium

Abstract Equations of coherent pulse propagation in a resonance grating with non-Bragg-type modulation of its refractive index are derived for the first time and investigated. The main result of the work is that the velocity of a pulse in such a non-Bragg grating is determined by the structural parameter γ , which measures how strong the non-Bragg harmonic in the spatial spectrum of the refractive index modulation of the grating is compared to the Bragg harmonic. For a certain range of values of γ it was found that stationary propagation of a localized pulse is impossible in the non-Bragg resonant grating.
Distributed sensor-informative tracking of targets

In this work a distributed tracking technique for multiple non-overlapping targets is developed such that it utilizes only sensors that acquire informative observations about the targets. A framework is designed where norm-one regularized factorization is employed to decompose the sensor data covariance matrix into sparse factors whose support facilitates recovery of the target-informative sensors. Then, extended Kalman filtering recursions are derived to perform target tracking using only the target-informative sensors. Different from existing alternatives, the novel algorithm can determine the informative parts of the network topology without relying on underlying model parameters and target trajectory estimates, can handle multiple non-overlapping targets and is less sensitive to noise. Numerical tests corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Game theoretic attack analysis in online social network (OSN) services

In the social media era, the ever-increasing utility of Online Social Networks (OSN) services provide a variety of benefits to users, organizations, and service providers. However, OSN services also introduce new threats and privacy issues regarding the data they are dealing with. For instance, in a reliable OSN service, a user should be able to set up his desired level of information sharing and securely manage sensitive data. Currently, few approaches exist that can model OSNs for the purpose, let alone model the effects that attackers can have on these networks. In this work a novel OSN modeling approach is presented to fill the gap. This model is based on an innovative game theoretical approach and it is analyzed both from a theoretical and simulation-oriented view. The game theoretic model is implemented in order to analyze several attack scenarios. As the results show, there are several scenarios where OSN services are very vulnerable and hence more protection mechanisms should be provided in order to secure the data contained across these networks.
Evolutionary search algorithms for protein modeling: from de novo structure prediction to comprehensive maps of functionally-relevant structures of protein chains and assemblies

In the last two decades, great progress has been made in molecular modelling through computational treatments of biological molecules grounded in evolutionary search techniques. Evolutionary search algorithms (EAs) are gaining popularity beyond exploring the relationship between sequence and function in biomolecules. In particular, recent work is showing the promise of EAs in exploring structure spaces of protein chains and protein assemblies to address open-standing problems in computational structural biology, such as de novo structure prediction and protein-protein docking. Exploring effective interleaving of global and local search has led to hybrid EAs that are now competitive with the Monte Carlo-based frameworks that have traditionally dominated de novo structure prediction. Similar advances have been made in protein-protein docking. Deeper understanding of the constraints posed by highly-coupled modular systems like proteins and integration of domain knowledge has resulted in effective reproductive operators. Multi-objective optimization has also shown promise in dealing with the conflicting terms that make up protein energy functions and effectively exploring protein energy surfaces. Combinations of these techniques have recently resulted in powerful stochastic search frameworks that go beyond de novo structure prediction and are capable of yielding comprehensive maps of possible diverse functionally-relevant structures of proteins. The objective of this tutorial is to introduce the EC community to the rapid developments on EA-based frameworks for protein structure modeling through a concise but comprehensive review of developments in this direction over the last decade. The review will be accompanied with specific detailed highlights and interactive software demonstrations of representative methods. The tutorial will expand the view of EA-based frameworks beyond sequence-focused application settings. The tutorial will introduce EC researchers to open problems in computational structural biology and in the process spur the design of novel and powerful evolutionary search techniques.
Developmental language disorders

Developmental language disorders are among the most common disorders of childhood referred to the pediatric neurologist. This article presents an overview of developmental language disorders, a discussion of the definition of developmental language disorders, potential causal factors, and a description of possible subtypes of language disorders in children. The article concludes with a review of the pediatric neurologist's role in developmental language disorders and recommendations for assessment and management.
A digital architecture employing stochasticism for the simulation of Hopfield neural nets

A digital architecture which uses stochastic logic for simulating the behavior of Hopfield neural networks is described. This stochastic architecture provides massive parallelism (since stochastic logic is very space-efficient), reprogrammability (since synaptic weights are stored in digital shift registers), large dynamic range (by using either fixed- or floating-point weights), annealing (by coupling variable neuron gains with noise from stochastic arithmetic), high execution speed ( approximately=N*10/sup 8/ connections per second), expandability (by cascading of multiple chips to host large networks), and practicality (by building with very conservative MOS device technologies). Results of simulations are given which show the stochastic architecture gives results similar to those found using standard analog neural networks or simulated annealing. >
Mucormycotic slough of nasal floor and palate in the anephric patient

Treatment with amphotericin B and surgical intervention averted possible orbital-cranial involvement in a patient. A patient with a history of chronic renal failure had nasopalatine mucormycosis. A review of the literature shows no previous occurrence in patients with chronic renal failure who are on a regimen of hemodialysis. Until recently, mucormycosis was considered a deadly complication of several systemic diseases
Measuring user confidence in smartphone security and privacy

In order to direct and build an effective, secure mobile ecosystem, we must first understand user attitudes toward security and privacy for smartphones and how they may differ from attitudes toward more traditional computing systems. What are users' comfort levels in performing different tasks? How do users select applications? What are their overall perceptions of the platform? This understanding will help inform the design of more secure smartphones that will enable users to safely and confidently benefit from the potential and convenience offered by mobile platforms.To gain insight into user perceptions of smartphone security and installation habits, we conduct a user study involving 60 smartphone users. First, we interview users about their willingness to perform certain tasks on their smartphones to test the hypothesis that people currently avoid using their phones due to privacy and security concerns. Second, we analyze why and how they select applications, which provides information about how users decide to trust applications. Based on our findings, we present recommendations and opportunities for services that will help users safely and confidently use mobile applications and platforms.
Exploring online support spaces: using cluster analysis to examine breast cancer, diabetes and fibromyalgia support groups.

Abstract Objective This study sought to characterize and compare online discussion forums for three conditions: breast cancer, type 1 diabetes and fibromyalgia. Though there has been considerable work examining online support groups, few studies have considered differences in discussion content between health conditions. In addition, in contrast to the extant literature, this study sought to employ a semi-automated approach to examine health-related online communities. Methods Online discussion content for the three conditions was compiled, pre-processed, and clustered at the thread level using the bisecting k -means algorithm. Results Though the clusters for each condition differed, the clusters fell into a set of common categories: Generic, Support, Patient-Centered, Experiential Knowledge, Treatments/Procedures, Medications, and Condition Management. Conclusion The cluster analyses facilitate an increased understanding of various aspects of patient experience, including significant emotional and temporal aspects of the illness experience. Practice implications The clusters highlighted the changing nature of patients' information needs. Information provided to patients should be tailored to address their needs at various points during their illness. In addition, cluster analysis may be integrated into online support groups or other types of online interventions to assist patients in finding information.
Backtrack programming techniques

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, a brief exposition of the general backtrack technique and its history is given. Second, it is shown how the use of macros can considerably shorten the computation time in many cases. In particular, this technique has allowed the solution of two previously open combinatorial problems, the computation of new terms in a well-known series, and the substantial reduction in computation time for the solution to another combinatorial problem.
Nucleate Boiling in Microchannels

Dong Liu, Poh-Seng Lee and Suresh V. Garimella Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2088 An understanding of bubble motion and evolution during nucleate boiling is necessary for the analysis of convective heat transfer rates in microchannels. Highspeed photography is used in this study to reveal the complex bubble dynamics during nucleate boiling in copper microchannels of hydraulic diameter 384 μm (275 μm wide and 636 μm high) and 25.4 mm length. Deionized water flows through the microchannels at a velocity of 0.68 m/s (Re = 735) and an inlet temperature of 86.5°C. The exit pressure is maintained at 1.05 bar. A constant heat flux of 16 W/cm is applied at the bottom of the microchannel heat sink. A high-speed digital video camera is used to observe the boiling process at 4,000, 8,000 and 15,000 frames per second. The images shown looking down into the microchannels reveal the transient processes of nucleation, growth, subsequent departure and interaction of bubbles from nucleation sites on the bottom wall of the channel. The measured bubble radius indicates a linear evolution with time. These results are useful in proposing predictive models for boiling heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks. 0 ms
STOP accelerating lung aging for the treatment of COPD

Life expectancy is assumed to rise continuously and consequently global burden of age-associated diseases is expected to increase. All vital organs begin to lose some function during aging with different rates, and the same happens on the lung. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs, which progresses very slowly and the majority of patients are therefore elderly. COPD is a major and increasing global health problem with enormous amount of expenditure of indirect/direct health care costs, and therefore, there is urgent need to clarify the molecular mechanism of COPD and develop novel treatments. We here hypothesize that environmental gases, such as cigarette smoke and kitchen pollutants, may accelerate the aging of lung or worsen aging-related events in the lung, leading to defective resolution of inflammation, reduced anti-oxidant capacity and defective disposal of abnormal proteins, and this consequently induces progression of COPD. Recent studies identified some anti-aging small molecules (geroprotectors) that may open up new avenues for the treatment of COPD.
Influence of Solution pH and Concentration of Saccharin on Electrodeposition and Properties of 2.4 T CoFe Alloys

Electrodeposition of 0.5 μm thick 2.4 T CoFe films with 60-63 wt % Fe was achieved at various solution pH values (2.0, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8) in the presence of saccharin on 6 in. AlTiC wafers with a Cu seed layer. The effect of pH on the electrodeposition including voltammetric behavior, plating rate, and selectivity ratio was discussed. The increase in the solution pH affected some material properties such as surface roughness, grain size, morphology, and corrosion. The texture, coercivity, and tensile stress of the 0.5 μm 2.4 T CoFe films with 60-63 wt % Fe were less affected by the solution pH. Possible reasons for such behavior were discussed. The increase in saccharin concentration from 0.1 to 2.0 g/L did not affect the roughness and corrosion of the electrodeposited 2.4 T CoFe films at pH 2.0 but had an influence on their composition, stress, and coercivity.
Assessment of initial fixation of endoscopic interference femoral screws with divergent and parallel placement

Divergence of the interference screw placement used for femoral fixation during endoscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has been described. This study is a biomechanical evaluation in 12 pairs of fresh intact bovine knees of femoral interference screws placed divergently and parallel relative to the bone block and its tunnel. One knee of each pair had the interference screw placed in a parallel fashion and the other knee had a 15 degrees divergence from the bone plug. Paired specimens were used to provide an optimal comparison of biomechanical data of the two different screw placements. No statistically significant differences were seen between the two groups when looking at ultimate load, deformation, and stiffness. Mode of failure was of more concern: in 4 of 12 divergent constructs, bone plug pullout occurred compared with only 1 of 12 in the parallel construct. The pullout strength remains high even with divergence of up to 15 degrees between the bone plug and femoral interference screws placed endoscopically.
Dopamine D2 receptors regulate in vitro melanotrope L-type Ca2+ channel activity via c-fos

Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation of cultured primary melanotropes was found to depress L-type calcium channel activity, whereas D2 receptor antagonist application increased it. When tested on culture days 10, 16, and 20, control cells displayed increasing rises of intracellular Ca2+ in response to K+ depolarization, indicating an increase in channel activity in the absence of dopaminergic regulation. When treated with 1 microM bromocriptine from culture day 1, cells showed minimal increase in channel activity. When bromocriptine was added on day 16, intracellular Ca2+ response to high K+ declined by day 20; removal of the agonist on day 16 resulted in the reappearance of increased responsiveness. Thus, in vitro inhibitions could be initiated or reversed with application or withdrawal of dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Cultured melanotropes were treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against the start sequences of the D2 receptor and c-fos messenger RNA. D2 receptor antisense nucleotide preven...
Mass transfer from a solid soluble sphere to a flowing liquid stream

Solution rates of 1/2-, 3/4-, and 1-in. cast benzoic acid spheres were measured under natural-and forced-convection conditions. Upward-flowing streams of water and aqueous propylene glycol, in laminar and turbulent flow, were used to contact single spheres in either a 1.50- or 4.00-in.- diameter column. Sphere Reynolds numbers ranged from 10 to 16,920; Schmidt numbers from 987 to 69,680; sphere- to column-diameter ratios, ds/dc, from 0.123 to 0.497; and Grashof numbers from 5,130 to 125,200. The Sherwood number was found independent of the laminar-turbulent transition for pipe flow and the sphere- to column-diameter ratio when the Reynolds number is based on the average fluid velocity and sphere diameter. A correlation of the data based on the additivity of the natural and forced convection processes is proposed, and statistical analyses of the new experimental data result in equations which correlate other heat and mass transfer data for single spheres immersed in bounded and free-jet streams of gases and liquids for NRe, S from 1 to 30,000 and NSe from 0.6 to 3,000, within an average deviation of about 20%.
Familial idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

The unusual occurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 4 brothers is described. The purpura appeared in early infancy and continued for 1 to 3 years until controlled by splenectomy. The thrombocytopenic purpura was not associated with any other blood dyscrasia, drug, toxin, platelet antibodies, or maternal antibodies. A plateletstimulating factor was present.
Recruitment and Retention of Adolescents in a Smoking Trajectory Study: Who Participates and Lessons Learned

Recruitment of adolescents into tobacco use research is often challenging. This study reports on the predictors of recruitment and retention in a longitudinal study of adolescent smoking behavior. In 2000, 8th and 10th grade students at 18 schools (N = 5,298) in the Chicago metropolitan area completed brief screening surveys; 1457 students (ranging from susceptible nonsmokers to regular smokers) were invited to participate in a longitudinal study, and 48.9% agreed. Chi-square analyses revealed that female and white students were more likely to participate than male and nonwhite students. Recruitment rates did not vary by parental smoking status, students' experience with smoking, or student grade. Multivariate analyses revealed that overall, gender and race were significant predictors of participation. Chi-square and multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in retention on the demographic, smoking experience, or psychosocial variables measured. Implications of the results and study limitations are discussed.
Multiple Vascular and Bowel Ruptures in an Adolescent Male with Sporadic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is a heritable disorder resulting from mutations in the COL3A1 gene that cause deficient production of type III collagen. Clinical manifestations of EDS type IV include hypermobility of small joints, excessive bruisability, thin translucent skin, poor wound healing, bowel rupture, and vascular rupture that is often fatal. A 14-year-old male without a family history of EDS died following multiple bowel and abdominal blood vessel ruptures. Even in areas apart from rupture sites, the bowel wall was thin because of diminished submucosa and muscularis propria. Similarly, the walls of blood vessels in bowel submucosa and elsewhere in the abdomen varied in thickness, and contained frayed and fragmented elastic tissue fibers. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin secreted reduced quantities of type III collagen that was explained by a point mutation in one copy of the COL3A1 gene. EDS type IV should be strongly suspected in any patient with otherwise unexplainable bowel and/or vessel rupture.
Multiple scattering, optical potential, and N-body approaches to elastic two-fragment collisions

Two-fragment elastic scattering problems are often studied using multiple scattering theories such as those due to Watson along with Feshbach-type optical potentials. These conventional methods are re-examined, rephased, and generalized using the language and techniques of contemporary N-particle scattering theory. A special realization of the latter theory is developed which is especially useful for relating the older and newer methods. This is facilitated by maintaining the same off-shell continuations of the scattering operators in both approaches. In particular, a set of connected-kernel scattering integral equations is introduced which provides a consistent N-particle framework for the calculation of that definition of the optical potential possessing the Feshbach off-shell continuation. These equations exhibit a multiple-scattering substructure and therefore allow the systematic generalization of some of the usual low-order approximations.
Acquiring impedance spectra from diode-coupled primary batteries to determine health and state of charge

The U.S. Army uses BA5590 Lithium Sulfur Dioxide primary batteries for portable electronic systems. There remains a need, however, for technology that can rapidly assess these batteries and estimate their remaining state of health after being used without degrading them to determine if there is remaining useful life for additional missions. This allows the full range of charge to be consumed before the battery is recycled or disposed. Impedance spectroscopy measurements have been shown to be a useful diagnostic tool, but standard methods cannot be applied to the BA5590 batteries because of the up-front electronics. The BA5590 module is diode-coupled and a charge-neutral excitation signal would be half-wave rectified and completely corrupt the results. However, a rapid impedance spectrum measurement technique has been developed that can be used for the BA5590s based on the addition of a small discharge bias load super-imposed on the sinusoidal excitation signal. The feasibility of this approach was initially simulated and then successfully applied to cell strings on four fresh BA5590 modules. The results clearly showed consistent and repeatable impedance spectra with no significant impact on the SOC as a result of the measurement. Details of this measurement technique and discussion of the preliminary results are presented.
The Oak Ridge Radioactive Ion Beam Facility

Abstract The Oak Ridge RIB Facility has been approved and is under construction. The general layout and capabilities of this facility are described, as is the possibility of studying nuclei near the 100 Sn double closed shell, new regions of exotic nuclear shapes, proton halo nuclei, and rp-process nucleosynthesis.