cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pavement Preservation and Maintenance Activities at General Aviation Airports in Texas: Practices, Perceived Effectiveness, Costs, and Planning

General aviation (GA) airports play an important role in the national transportation system by accommodating emergencies and providing for agricultural, recreational, and other operations. GA airports account for almost 90% of the airports in the Texas Airport System Plan. To protect their initial investment in asphalt and concrete pavements, GA airports are expected to perform routine pavement maintenance. For this case study of pavement maintenance practices at GA airports in Texas, GA airport managers were contacted and interviewed about treatments used at their facilities and about the process of having the work done. Respondents were asked to rank the effectiveness of specific maintenance treatments for asphalt and concrete pavements on a Likert-type scale, as well as marking type, retexturing methods, and rubber and contaminant removal methods. Information about the level at which pavement maintenance decisions were made, the process, and the additional data desired (specifically about pavements) wa...
Control of thermal and optoelectronic properties in conjugated poly (3-alkylthiophenes)

The optoelectronic and thermal properties of conjugated polymers are frequently tuned via direct synthetic modification of the conjugated repeat unit. It is also well known that these properties are inherently tied to the crystal structure, a factor which is difficult to predict upon slight chemical modification. We show that the crystal structure of random copolymers of 3-alkylthiophenes can be controlled, which in turn affects the optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, we show that the melting transitions smoothly vary between that of the two homopolymers. As such, the composition of copolymers is a convenient handle to predictably control the thermal properties, crystalline morphology, and optoelectronic properties simultaneously.
A modified mitis salivarius medium for a caries diagnostic test.

A new medium, MSKB, composed of mitis salivarius agar base, sorbitol, kanamycin sulfate and bachracin, has been developed that is more selective for recovery of mutans streptococci (mutans) than the so called mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) medium. MSB and MSKB were compared for recovery and selectivity of mutans by plating saliva samples as well as pure cultures on both media. Sixty saliva samples were plated and counted for mutans and non-mutans colonies. Thirty-six samples had greater numbers of non-mutans on MSB than on MSKB, and 14 of the 36 had non-mutans colonies that could be visually confused with mutants. The recovery of mutans on MSKB was approximately 13% less than on MSB. The selectivity and recovery of MSB and MSKB were evaluated over 1–5 months of storage at 4°C. Streptococcus mutans anginosus grew on MSB after 1 month, but not on MSKB. Streptococcus mutans milleri type 2 grew on both media after 4 months.
Radioimmunoscintigraphy of colon cancer with iodine-131-labeled B72. 3 monoclonal antibody

The monoclonal antibody B72.3 is a murine IgG1 that is reactive with a wide range of carcinomas while demonstrating little or no reactivity to normal adult tissues. We have shown (27) quantitative analyses demonstrating selective targeting of [131I]B72.3 IgG to metastatic colorectal cancer. We have also shown (28) that (a) B72.3 localization in metastases correlated with the percentage of tumor cells in the biopsy specimen; (b) B72.3 could localize in carcinomas of various degrees of differentiation with best localization in well-differentiated tumors and (c) [131I]B72.3 could penetrate tumor masses, as determined by autoradiographic studies. We report here the various parameters effecting radioimmunoscintigraphy with [131I]B72.3 IgG. Sixteen of 35 patients with colorectal carcinoma had positive scans (without blood-pool subtraction). High circulating TAG-72 antigen levels correlated with positive scans. No dose dependent differences were seen in biodistribution or tumor imaging. The plasma clearance and urinary excretion of [131I]B72.3 and [125I]BL-3 (nonspecific control) were not significantly different. No toxicity was noted. Approximately one-half of patients developed human anti-mouse immune response.
ENDOSCOPIC DRAINAGE OF SUBPERIOSTEAL ORBITAL ABSCESSES

Medial subperiosteal orbital abscess is the most common suppurative complication of sinusitis. Small abscesses, especially in young children, may respond to therapy with intravenous antibiotics. Surgical drainage is indicated for large obscesses or for failure to respond to medical management. Traditionally, external ethmoidectomy approaches have been used to gain access to the medial orbital subperiosteal space. In our institution, an endoscopic ethmoidectomy approach has been used over the last decade, with advantages of avoidance of a facial scar and more rapid resolution of periorbital inflammation.
Culture and Diversity in John Stuart Mill's Civic Nation

In this article, I develop a conception of multiculturalism that is compatible with Mill's liberal framework. I argue, drawing from Mill's conception of the nation-state, that he would expect cultural minorities to assimilate fully into the political sphere of the dominant culture, but to assimilate only minimally, if at all, into the cultural sphere. I also argue that while Mill cannot permit cultural accommodations in the form of self-government rights, he would allow for certain accommodation rights (construed as individual rights) which assist cultural minorities in preserving their cultural particularity. While this is indeed a modest multiculturalism, it helps to demonstrate that Mill was not as hostile towards custom or minority groups as certain passages may appear to suggest.
Densification and Sintering of a Microwave-Plasma-Synthesized Iron Nanopowder

Abstract : Powder compacts made from microwave-plasma-synthesized iron (Fe) nanopowder (Materials Modification Inc., Fairfax, VA) were sintered under hydrogen (H2). Results showed that without the application of pressure, the powder could not he sintered to full density. In subsequent experiments, the powder was consolidated to final densities near 80% of the theoretical full density, using plasma pressure compaction (P2C). To provide an explanation for the difficulty in attaining full densification, the precursor powder and compacted pellet characteristics were examined by several methods. These included residual porosity by mercury pycnometry, surface area measurement by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis, and structural change by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the nanosized primary particles were aggregated into micrometer-sized dendritic structures, with the appearance of tumbleweeds. The observed limitations in the densification and associated porous microstructures of the pressureless-sintered and P2C-densified compacts were rationalized in terms of the behavior of the dendritic aggregate structures rather than that of the nanosized primary particles.
Stock-scion interactions on growth and rubber yield of Hevea brasiliensis

Rubber tree cultivation [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] uses mostly the budding propagation method, however the expected stand uniformity due to the use of vegetative propagation is theoretical, since high variation for yield and vigor is caused by rootstock influence. The objective of this study was to assess several combinations between clonal rootstocks and clone scions through diallel analysis, aiming at high productivity and vigor. Data consisted of five years of dry rubber yield and girth at panel opening from an experiment using a split-plot design with four replications, conducted at Pindorama, SP, Brazil, considering six rootstocks (GT 1, IAN 873, PB 235, RRIM 600, RRIM 701 and unselected seedlings) and six scions (GT 1, IAN 873, PB 235, PR 107, RRIM 600 and RRIM 701). A 6 ´ 6 partial diallel analysis summing up 36 combinations was undertaken, and general compatibility for each group of materials (rootstocks and scions) and specific compatibility among all combinations were estimated. The results have shown that PB 235 and IAN 873 rootstocks provided high yields and general compatibility values (7.9348 and 2.7647, respectively). The use of unselected seedlings as rootstocks is not recommended because they presented very low compatibility values for dry rubber yield. Towards growth vigor, the tested rootstocks have shown similar performance.
Streamlined Learning in a Control Systems Course

Experiences are described in developing and using class-tested vignettes for streamlined learning in a senior control systems course. This new approach features an appeal to the students natural sense of curiosity on what might be consequences when changes they suggest are made in the design of a specific feedback system as well as significant reductions in computation required to test their suggestions. Four vignettes being used in the course are discussed with various levels of details in this paper, and brief remarks are made about two others. Surveys of students in a recent controls class indicated that the streamlined learning approach was received positively. These same students demonstrated improvements over previous students on the multidisciplinary team course project based on a team-selected controls application
Personal Values and Performance in Teams: An Individual and Team-Level Analysis:

Two studies involving 107 undergraduate and 54 MBA teams were conducted to examine the effects of personal values on the performance of individual team members and on the performance of the team as a whole. Values with clear relevance to teams and to work were selected for the studies. To capture the relative importance of these values, they were measured within the context of a broader set of personal values. At the individual level, the importance students ascribed a sense of accomplishment had a significant, but unexpected negative, relationship with individual peer-evaluated performance. Students’ prior performance outside their teams had a stronger positive relationship with in-team performance than did their personal values. At the team level, the average importance team members assigned the value of equality had a positive relationship with team performance.The average level of students’ prior performance was also related to team performance, but the average importance given to the value equality w...
Performance Issues in Parallelizing Data-Intensive Applications on a Multi-core Cluster

The deluge of available data for analysis demands the need to scale the performance of data mining implementations. With the current architectural trends, one of the major challenges today is achieving programmability and performance for data mining applications on multi-core machines and cluster of multi-core machines. To address this problem, we have been developing a runtime framework, FREERIDE, that enables parallel execution of data mining and data analysis tasks.The contributions of this paper are two-fold: 1) This paper describes and evaluates various shared-memory parallelization techniques developed in our run-time system on a cluster of multi-cores, and 2) We report on a detailed performance study to understand why certain parallelization techniques out-perform othertechniques for a particular application.
Dynamic stress concentration at a cylindrical inclusion in an elastic medium with an arbitrarily stiff bond

Abstract Results are presented for dynamic stress concentrations and the rigid-body response of a cylinder imbedded in an elastic medium which is subjected to an impinging, plane, harmonic, compressional wave. Boundary conditions specify that the cylinder stays in contact with the surrounding medium, but that relative tangential motion can occur which is proportional to the shear stress through a bonding stiffness parameter, λ. In the limiting case of zero slipping motion ( λ = 0 ) the results of previous investigators who considered only perfectly rough cylinders (perfect bonding between cylinder and surrounding medium) are recovered. In general, it is found that only mild differences in the results for the normal stress concentrations and the rigid-body response occur as λ is varied with slightly greater results corresponding usually to the case of a perfectly smooth ( λ = 1 ) cylinder. An important exception, however, is that the maximum normal stress concentration at a perfectly smooth cylinder ( λ = 1 ) becomes much larger than the corresponding maximum value for a perfectly rough cylinder ( λ = 0 ) as the cylinder density increases. Also, these peak dynamic stress concentration factors become much greater than the equivalent static values with increasing cylinder density.
The Roles of Mental Animations and External Animations in Understanding Mechanical Systems

The effects of computer animations and mental animation on people's mental models of a mechanical system are examined. In 3 experiments, students learned how a mechanical system works from various instructional treatments including viewing a static diagram of the machine, predicting motion from static diagrams, viewing computer animations, and viewing static and animated diagrams accompanied by verbal commentaries. Although students' understanding of the system was improved by viewing both static and animated diagrams, there was no evidence that animated diagrams led to superior understanding of dynamic processes compared to static diagrams. Comprehension of diagrams was enhanced by asking students questions that required them to predict the behavior of the machine from static diagrams and by providing them with a verbal description of the dynamic processes. This article proposes that predicting motion from static diagrams engages students' mental animation processes, including spatial visualization, and ...
Reconciling Dependent Plurals with "Each Other"

In this paper I discuss the interpretation of dependent plural pronouns (pronouns bound by a distributing definite antecedent), and argue that they should be treated as “donkey” pronouns involving restricted functions. Such pronouns have been central to the study of reciprocals, and I follow in the tradition of studying the interaction of the two. Most analyses of the reciprocal allow it the option of finding its “range” argument through movement or binding to a non-local antecedent. I argue that such “long distance” reciprocals are insufficiently motivated, and cannot handle the full range of constructions involving dependent pronouns. I show that the proposed functional analysis of dependent pronouns makes it possible to account for “long distance” reciprocals without resorting to wide scope, by referring directly to the functional translation of their antecedent.
Eubacterial community structure and population size within the soil light fraction, rhizosphere, and heavy fraction of several agricultural systems

The hypothesis that soil light fraction and heavy fraction harbor distinct eubacterial communities and have differing numbers and sizes of bacterial cells was tested in three agronomic cropping systems. This hypothesis would imply that these soil fractions are distinct microbial habitats. Shoot residue and rhizosphere soil were also included in the analysis. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S ribosomal DNA was used to assay eubacterial community structure. T-RFLP profiles were affected by both soil fraction and cropping system, accounting for 35 ‐ 50% of the variance in the profiles. T-RFLP profiles separated samples into two distinct eubacterial habitats: soil heavy fraction, which includes the mineral particles and associated humified organic matter, and soil light fraction/shoot residue and rhizosphere, which includes particulate soil organic matter. Differences were not based on organic C content of fractions alone; T-RFLP profiles were also differentiated by cropping system and by rhizosphere versus light fraction/shoot residue. Heavy fraction communities had the least amount of random variability in T-RFLP profiles, resulting in the clearest cropping system effects, while rhizosphere and shoot residue communities were the most variable. Profiles from organically managed corn soil were more variable than for either conventionally managed corn or alfalfa. The log number of bacterial cells per gram fraction was affected by soil fraction but not cropping system, being highest in the light fraction. The percentage of cells . 0.18 mm 3 was also greater in the light fraction than in other fractions. While bacterial cell density was generally correlated with C content of the soil fraction, heavy fraction did have a significantly greater number of cells per mg C than other soil fractions. The results show that habitat diversity in soil, related both to the amounts and types of organic matter, as well as other potential factors, are important in maintaining the high soil bacterial species diversity and evenness that is found in soil. q 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Job Satisfaction and the Neglected Variable of Job Seniority

This paper deals with the relationship between job satisfaction and length of employment in a particular job. The hypothesis that the change in job satisfaction with job seniority resembles a "U"-shaped curve is confirmed. It is suggested that intrinsic satisfaction is a major contributor to changes in the overall satisfaction of employees over time.
Design and characterization of a miniaturized epi-illuminated microscope

The ability to observe functional and morphological changes in the brain is critical in understanding behavioral and developmental neuroscience. With advances in electronics and miniaturization, electrophysiological recordings from awake, behaving animals has allowed investigators to perform a multitude of behavioral studies by observing changes as an animal is engaged in certain tasks. Imaging offers advantages of observing structure as well as function, and the ability to monitor activity over large areas. However, imaging from an awake, behaving animal has not been explored well. We present the design and characterization of a miniaturized epi-illuminated optical system that is part of a larger goal to perform optical imaging in awake, behaving animals. The system comprises of a tunable light source and imaging optics in a small footprint of 18 mm diameter, 18 mm height and weight 5.7 grams. It offers a spatial illumination non-uniformity of 3.2% over a maximum field of view of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, negligible temporal illumination and temperature variation and controllable magnification. Uncorrected radial distortion was 5.3% (corrected to 1.8%) and the spatial frequency response was comparable to a reference system. The system was used to image cortical vasculature in an anesthetized rat.
Old Age Portrayed by the Ages-of-Life Models From the Middle Ages to the 16th Century

The ages of life portrayed in literature and the arts from the late Middle Ages up to the 16th century provide valuable information on how aging and old age were perceived in earlier times. Themes related to old age include ambivalence, decay, and age-appropriate behavior.
Demonstration of Marek's Disease Tumor-Associated Surface Antigen in Chickens Infected With Nononcogenic Marek's Disease Virus and Herpesvirus of Turkeys

The presence of Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) was demonstrated on spleen cells from P-line chickens inoculated 5--6 days earlier with herpesvirus of turkeys and SB-1 (a nononcogenic Marek's disease virus). Antisera against MATSA expressed on five Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines were able to recognize the MATSA present on SB-1-infected spleen cells. No viral membrane antigens and only a low incidence of viral internal antigens could be demonstrated.
Malignant Transformation of Hamster Cells following Infection with a Bovine Herpesvirus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus)

SummaryHamster embryo cells, following infection with IBR virus, showed malignant transformation. Hamsters of all ages, inbred or random bred, inoculated with two of the transformed cell lines developed solid tumors. Preliminary characterization of the tumors induced by one of the cell lines has indicated undifferentiated sarcomas. Viral specific antigen was detected in about 5 % of the transformed cells and 10% of primary tumor cells in culture. Viral specific antibody was detected in the serum of tumor-bearing hamsters by the indirect immunofluorescent method, but no neutralizing antibodies were found. Infectious virus has not been recovered from either the transformed or tumor cells by cocultivation with bovine embryonic kidney cells.This investigation was supported by NIH Contract No. DBS-72-2105 from the Food and Drug Administration and USPHS Grant No. AI 08648-05 from the Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.The authors are grateful to Dr. T. W. R...
The method for ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction under clear sky condition

A method of ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction under clear sky based on realtime acquisition technology of solar radiation was proposed,which had a prediction aging of the next 4 hours,time resolution of prediction point was 15-minute,and prediction rolling cycle of 15-minutes.Based on this method,the photovoltaic generation power prediction system for the rooftop photovoltaic generation plant was established in NESC.The results indicated that this method has good prediction,effect and could satisfied the requirements of engineering applications.
Ocotillo Wind: A Case Study of How Tribal-Federal Governmental Consultation is Failing Tribal Governments and Their Spiritual Landscapes through Renewable Energy Development

In an effort to mitigate climate change, the federal government of the United States has recently opened public lands to the development of utility-scale renewable energy projects. The federal gove...
Competitive privacy: Distributed computation with privacy guarantees

In a variety of distributed systems including critical infrastructure networks* such as the Smart Grid, information sharing and data exchanges are essential for reliable and sustained operation. However, despite its importance, data sharing in such systems is stymied, due to the lack of a framework that addresses the competitive interests and information leakage concerns of the various data generating agents. This leads to a new competitive privacy problem amongst the agents that captures the tension between sharing data to ensure network reliability (utility/benefit to all agents) and withholding data for profitability and privacy reasons. For a specific problem of distributed linear state estimation, recent results on tradeoff between estimate fidelity and leakage of private state data as a result of sharing data are presented for a two agent network model which demonstrates the optimality of one-shot information exchange. The applicability of such one-shot interactions for a larger network of agents is briefly discussed.
Air traffic control automation concepts to optimize flight management system utilization

The author defines the requirements and design philosophy for developing ground-based automation planning and control advisory concepts to best serve the aircraft with FMS (flight management system) capabilities. Analytical results are presented, based on comparison of operational data with the user-preferred trajectories to identify flying-time variabilities in various segments of arriving flights. En route descents, terminal maneuvering areas, and the final approaches are considered to determine the impact of aircraft and environmental factors on flying times essential for traffic planning. Simple time-estimation algorithms based on FMS-defined speed schedules and prevailing winds are presented for estimating flying times during en route descents. Automation planning and control concepts are developed which utilize flexible route structures and a speed-control strategy to permit the aircraft maximum use of FMS and onboard avionics in all operating conditions. >
Molecular Imaging Biosensor Monitors p53 Sumoylation in Cells and Living Mice.

Small molecule mediated stabilization of p53 tumor suppressor protein through sumoylation is a promising new strategy for improving cancer chemotherapy. A molecular tool that monitors p53 sumoylation status and expedites screening for drugs that enhance p53 sumoylation would be beneficial. We report a molecularly engineered reporter fragment complementation biosensor based on optical imaging of Firefly luciferase (FLuc), to quantitatively image p53 sumoylation and desumoylation in cells and living mice. We initially characterized this biosensor by successfully imaging sumoylation of several target proteins, achieving significant FLuc complementation for ERα (p < 0.01), p53 (p < 0.005), FKBP12 (p < 0.03), ID (p < 0.03), and HDAC1 (p < 0.002). We then rigorously tested the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor using several variants of p53 and SUMO1, including deletion mutants, and those with modified sequences containing the SUMO-acceptor site of target proteins. Next we evaluated the performance of...
Economic analysis of an aviation bioenergy supply chain

Abstract This study develops a regional economic model that can mimic stages of a potential aviation fuel supply chain based on the oilseed camelina. A general equilibrium model is developed that accounts for key sectors of the supply chain, and is parameterized using detailed data for the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Model scenarios are developed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of policies that would promote the development of the supply chain. While the existing low price of conventional fuel makes camelina-based fuel economically infeasible at present, the supply chain could be viable if consumers, e.g. airline passengers, are willing pay more to use the biofuel, such as if they perceive an environmental benefit from it. Alternatively, if use of the oilseed is consistent with the energy policy priorities of policymakers, one of the following approaches could potentially work: a 17% subsidy on the alternative fuel, a 20% tax on the conventional fuel, or a combination 9% subsidy on the alternative and 9% tax on the conventional fuel. Implications for economic efficiency, regional employment, and economic welfare are quantified.
Community: The Missing Piece in Preparing Teacher Candidates for Future Urban Classrooms.

ABSTRACTPreparing successful teacher candidates in urban schools requires educator preparation programs to integrate the exploration of community and cultures into the curriculum. Understanding the importance of community, interpreting and analyzing cultural implications, and creating new perceptions and understandings of urban students are essential for new teachers to be successful in urban classrooms. This qualitative study was conducted within an educator preparation program at an urban-serving university located in the midwestern United States. The authors analyzed 280 electronic reflective journals written by 53 teacher candidates over a 2-year period to determine if the course influenced teacher candidates’ perspectives on urban issues. Implications for practice and recommendations for improvements include offering the course earlier in the program. Doing so would allow more time for teacher candidates to develop a deeper understanding and acquisition of the culturally sustaining abilities needed t...
A case of Fanconi syndrome due to a deferasirox overdose and a trial of plasmapheresis

SummaryWhat is known and objective Deferasirox has nephrotoxic effects in the context of chronic therapy. This case report illustrates proximal tubular dysfunction (Fanconi syndrome) due to an acute deferasirox overdose. Case description In response, we trialled plasmapheresis to eliminate the drug. Deferasirox levels were obtained in the context of three rounds of plasmapheresis. Given the half-life model of decay, we concluded that plasmapheresis may not have been successful. The patient ultimately recovered normal tubular function after 2 months. What is new and conclusion This report is the first to describe acute deferasirox-induced nephrotoxicity, and the application of plasmapheresis that, ultimately, did not change the typical time to recovery.
Evaluation and Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis

Medical therapies for the prevention of stroke have advanced considerably in the past several years. There can also be a role for mechanical restoration of the lumen by endarterectomy or stenting in selected patients with high-grade atherosclerotic stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery. Endarterectomy is generally recommended for patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid stenosis. Stenting is considered an option for patients at high risk of complications with endarterectomy. Whether revascularization is better than contemporary medical therapy for asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis is a subject of several ongoing randomized clinical trials in the United States and internationally.
Application of AnnAGNPS to model an agricultural watershed in East-Central Mississippi for the evaluation of an on-farm water storage (OFWS) system

Abstract Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Model (AnnAGNPS) is a watershed-scale, continuous simulation, physical model that has been widely used to simulate runoff, nutrients, sediment, and pesticides in different watersheds. This study applied AnnAGNPS to simulate runoff, nutrients (total Nitrogen and total Phosphorus), and sediment from an agricultural watershed of 30.3 ha in East-Central Mississippi. AnnAGNPS was then used to evaluate an On-Farm Water Storage (OFWS) system as a Best Management Practice (BMP) for nutrient and sediment loading control from agricultural fields within this watershed and as a source of water for irrigation. An R2 of 0.85 and E of 0.82 in daily runoff estimation showed that the model can adequately simulate runoff from watersheds in East-Central Mississippi. In addition, an R2 of 0.88 and E of 0.67 for event-based sediment estimation and an R2 of 0.74 and E of 0.54 for monthly phosphorus estimation also showed that the model can satisfactorily simulate sediment and phosphorus. However, the model was not able to simulate nitrogen at a monthly scale, with an R2 of only 0.15 and E of −0.107, because of the lack of site specific and accurate input data. After AnnAGNPS successfully simulated runoff, sediment, and phosphorus, an evaluation of the OFWS system showed that the system was able to capture 220,000 m3 of runoff from the monitored watershed that can be stored and used for irrigation. AnnAGNPS estimated that the OFWS system also captured 46 tons of sediment and 558 kg of phosphorus during the monitoring period, preventing downstream nutrient and sediment pollution.
A murine Ig light chain transgene reveals IGKV3 gene contributions to anti-collagen types IV and II specificities.

A subset of autoimmune diseases result from autoantibodies targeting epitopes on matrix collagen. The most extensively studied are anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (or its systemic counterpart Goodpasture’s disease) that destroys kidneys and lungs, and rheumatoid arthritis that leads to disabling arthritis. Autoantibodies in these disorders bind evolutionarily conserved conformational epitopes on the noncollagenous domain 1 (NC1) of the alpha3 chain of type IV [alpha3(IV)NC1] collagen in glomerular and alveolar basement membranes, and on native or citrullinated type II collagen (CII) in joint cartilage, respectively. The genetic origins of pathogenic anti-collagen B cells in these diseases is unknown, but observations from murine models raise the possibility that they overlap despite distinct in vivo immunopathologies. Monoclonal autoantibodies isolated from mice immunized with alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen or CII show a biased use of Ig light chains (LC) encoded by genes of the IGKV3 subgroup (previously Vk21 family), paired with diverse Ig heavy chains. To further explore this relationship and determine if a single murine IGKV3 LC independently predisposes to both anti-collagen responses, we generated a novel transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6 mouse that expresses a productively rearranged IGKV3-encoded LC, termed mLCV3-Tg, in conjunction with endogenously rearranged Ig heavy chains. Tg mice are also genetically deficient in endogenous kappa chains to permit tracking of the mLCV3 transgene. We show that mLCV3-Tg mice are susceptible to humoral autoimmunity against both collagen chains. Anti-alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen, but not anti-CII, mLCV3-encoded Ig are detected in serum of unmanipulated Tg mice, while Toll-like receptor ligands induce secretion of mLCV3-Tg autoantibodies of both collagen specificities from splenocytes ex vivo. This indicates developmental survival of mLCV3-Tg B cells reactive with each antigen, and is consistent with production of the two anti-collagen autoIg from distinct B cell populations. Reduced B cell numbers, low serum Ig kappa levels, low cell surface Ig kappa density, and abundant endogenous lambda chain expression suggest that subsets of IGKV3-encoded B cells are regulated in vivo by mechanisms that include deletion, anergy, and LC editing. These results support the notion that murine IGKV3 LCs contribute structural fitness to antigen binding sites that support diverse anti-collagen autoimmune responses, that these responses are regulated in vivo, and that these cells can nonetheless readily escape immune regulation.
Meta-analysis of transcriptomic changes in optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models reveals a fundamental response to injury throughout the central nervous system.

Purpose Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to transcriptional changes that effect tissue function and govern the process of neurodegeneration. Numerous microarray and RNA-Seq studies have been performed to identify these transcriptional changes in the retina following optic nerve injury and elsewhere in the CNS following a variety of insults. We reasoned that conserved transcriptional changes between injury paradigms would be important contributors to the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, we compared the expression results from heterogeneous studies of optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models. Methods Expression data was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. A uniform method for normalizing expression data and detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes was used to compare the transcriptomes from models of acute optic nerve injury (AONI), chronic optic nerve injury (CONI) and brain neurodegeneration. DE genes were split into genes that were more or less prevalent in the injured condition than the control condition (enriched and depleted, respectively) and transformed into their human orthologs so that transcriptomes from different species could be compared. Biologic significance of shared genes was assessed by analyzing lists of shared genes for gene ontology (GO) term over-representation and for representation in KEGG pathways. Results There was significant overlap of enriched DE genes between transcriptomes of AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies even though the overall concordance between datasets was low. The depleted DE genes identified between AONI and CONI models were significantly overlapping, but this significance did not extend to comparisons between optic nerve injury models and neurodegeneration studies. The GO terms overrepresented among the enriched genes shared between AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies were related to innate immune processes like the complement system and interferon signaling. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that transcriptional alteration between JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling, among others, were conserved between all models that were analyzed. Conclusions There is a conserved transcriptional response to injury in the CNS. This transcriptional response is driven by the activation of the innate immune system and several regulatory pathways. Understanding the cellular origin of these pathways and the pathological consequences of their activation is essential for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disease.
Educating Social Scholars: Examining Novice Researchers’ Practices with Social Media

Recent articles in the educational research fi eld have called for a stronger research focus on students’ learning with everyday technologies in-and-out-of classrooms and on the changing nature of scholars’ practices in light of technological advancements. We present fi ndings from a mixed methods study of whether and how novice researchers understand and practice social scholarship – a concept currently being debated in various disciplines – which seeks to leverage social media affordances to create expanded sites for research collaboration, peer review, dissemination, and evaluation of research impact. We found that novice researchers focused almost exclusively on social scholarship of discovery and much less on interdisciplinary, teaching, or applied scholarship. Insights from this study will appeal to those interested in examining the theory and design of graduate student learning and faculty development. Keywords: social media, professional learning, social scholarship, digital scholarship
Enhancing the x-ray output of a single-wire explosion with a gas-puff based plasma opening switch

We present experiments performed on the 1 MA COBRA generator using a low density, annular, gas-puff z-pinch implosion as an opening switch to rapidly transfer a current pulse into a single metal wire on axis. This gas-puff on axial wire configuration was studied for its promise as an opening switch and as a means of enhancing the x-ray output of the wire. We demonstrate that current can be switched from the gas-puff plasma into the wire, and that the timing of the switch can be controlled by the gas-puff plenum backing pressure. X-ray detector measurements indicate that for low plenum pressure Kr or Xe shots with a copper wire, this configuration can offer a significant enhancement in the peak intensity and temporal distribution of radiation in the 1–10 keV range.We present experiments performed on the 1 MA COBRA generator using a low density, annular, gas-puff z-pinch implosion as an opening switch to rapidly transfer a current pulse into a single metal wire on axis. This gas-puff on axial wire configuration was studied for its promise as an opening switch and as a means of enhancing the x-ray output of the wire. We demonstrate that current can be switched from the gas-puff plasma into the wire, and that the timing of the switch can be controlled by the gas-puff plenum backing pressure. X-ray detector measurements indicate that for low plenum pressure Kr or Xe shots with a copper wire, this configuration can offer a significant enhancement in the peak intensity and temporal distribution of radiation in the 1–10 keV range.
CORRECTIONS TO SCALING IN CLUSTER STATISTICS PROBLEMS—AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT RESULTS

A summary is presented of the current understanding of corrections to the leading scaling behaviour of cluster properties, such as the radius of gyration. For self-avoiding walks, lattice animals, and percolation (including some directed problems) the most recent estimates for the leading correction exponents for two- and three-dimensional systems are summarized.
Acute angiography for all resuscitated patients upon hospital admission

Any patient resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest thought to have a cardiac etiology should have emergency coronary angiography upon arrival at the hospital. No current algorithm correctly identifies who has an acutely occluded coronary artery as their cardiac arrest trigger and who does not. However, 75% of those with ST elevation and 33% of those without ST elevation on their postresuscitation electrocardiogram have an acutely occluded coronary artery. To choose not to perform acute coronary angiography and reperfusion in all postresuscitation patients will leave at least one in three patients with significant myocardial loss, thus, resulting in chronic left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of antigen--antibody interactions in heterogeneous phase reaction systems--II. Interaction of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) with specific antibody immobilized on controlled-pore glass.

Abstract The binding of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) to its specific antibody immobilized on a porous inorganic support (controlled-pore glass) was treated kinetically as a general heterogeneous reaction. The reactions follow apparent second order kinetics, where the rate is proportional to the amount of antibody and to the instantaneous concentration of available unbound T 3 ; this unbound T 3 is inversely related to the concentrations of those serum proteins which normally bind T 3 . In the presence of these proteins T 3 diffusion is not the rate determining step of the reaction. For reaction times in hr the extent of the T 3 binding is inversely related to the protein concentration and the reaction rate does not change greatly with varying protein concentration. For reaction times of weeks the presence or absence of protein or deblocking agent has no effect on the amount of T 3 bound, but the reaction rates are inversely related to the protein concentration. The function of 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) deblocking agent is to effectively displace the T 3 from the TBG fraction of the proteins, which has no effect on the equilibrium point but greatly accelerates the reaction rate. The rate determining step is believed to be the rate of desorption of T 3 from the protein, since the T 3 binding rate to antibody takes place rapidly. The measured enthalpy of the reaction (0–1.3 kcal/mol) indicates that the reaction is principally entropy driven.
Where Do We Go From Here? An Examination of the Relationship Between Changes in Social Structure and Strategic Priorities in Cross-Sector Collaborative Organizations:

Cross-sector collaborative organizations are increasingly viewed as an effective means of addressing multifaceted health and social challenges. Given their dependence on volunteers to develop and i...
Harnessing Remote Sensing for Civil Engineering: Then, Now, and Tomorrow

Despite enormous advances in remote sensing data over the past 20 years, harnessing and exploiting that data by the Civil Engineering community has been relatively limited. To understand the full potential of such data, first this paper briefly recaps the Civil Engineering community’s engagement with remote sensing for dike monitoring and post-earthquake damage assessment. Next, the state of the art is introduced with special considerations for recent advances in quality, affordability, accessibility, and equipment size; the role of national aerial laser scanning data collection programs; and the increasing applicability of remote sensing to a wide range Civil Engineering applications. Finally, the paper concludes with a vision of how Civil Engineering can better benefit from existing technologies not regularly exploited today, as well as the logistical challenges of storing and integrating such data in a computationally meaningful manner.
PIDIoT: Probabilistic Intrusion Detection for the Internet-of-Things

The Internet-of-things promises sweeping change through increased connectivity and ubiquitous integration of technology into our lives. However, as we create economies of scale for data aggregation and processing, we also create attractive targets for various adversaries. In this work we design a lightweight, probabilistic intrusion detection system, or PIDIoT. We design PIDIoT to use operational measurements from IoT devices, with lightweight hash functions and Bloom filters to perform fuzzy anomaly detection. We experiment with IoT devices operating in an isolated environment, and we show that we can detect over 90% of simulated attacks. While we do not propose PIDIoT as a comprehensive solution for IoT defense, we make a case for its use as part of a layered defense strategy.
The cost of youth voices: Comparing the feasibility of Youth GO against focus groups

Despite the value and impact of meaningfully engaging youth within evaluation and research, many barriers to their engagement within community-based projects exist. In light of these barriers, Youth Generate and Organize (Youth GO) is a participatory approach for integrating youth in research and evaluation that responds to the practical limitations and constraints within community contexts. In this study, we examine the feasibility and saliency of Youth GO, by comparing this approach against traditional focus groups, an established and engaging qualitative method. To compare these two approaches, we implemented a field-based double-blind active comparison trial whereby facilitators and youth were assigned to participate in one of two conditions—Youth GO or a focus group. We examined both conditions on implementation fidelity, implementation cost, and self-reported perceptions from adult facilitators and youth perspectives. Results indicate that when compared to focus groups, Youth GO represents an equally effective—albeit more cost and time efficient—participatory qualitative method for researchers and practitioners that desire to collaborate with youth. Insights from the current study aim to foster the advancement of methods that engage youth in research and evaluation yet respond to the needs and resources present within community settings.
Reconstructing Rooted Trees From Their Strict Order Quasisymmetric Functions

Determining whether two graphs are isomorphic is an important and difficult problem in graph theory. One way to make progress towards this problem is by finding and studying graph invariants that distinguish large classes of graphs. Stanley conjectured that his chromatic symmetric function distinguishes all trees, which has remained unresolved. Recently, Hasebe and Tsujie introduced an analogue of Stanley's function for posets, called the strict order quasisymmetric function, and proved that it distinguishes all rooted trees. In this paper, we devise a procedure to explicitly reconstruct a rooted tree from its strict order quasisymmetric function by sampling a finite number of terms. The procedure not only provides a combinatorial proof of the result of Hasebe and Tsujie, but also tracks down the representative terms of each rooted tree that distinguish it from other rooted trees.
The Distribution of Polarized Radio Sources >15 μJy in GOODS-N

We present deep Very Large Array observations of the polarization of radio sources in the GOODS-N field at 1.4 GHz at resolutions of 1.''6 and 10''. At 1.''6, we find that the peak flux cumulative number count distribution is N(> p) ~ 45*(p/30 μJy)–0.6 per square degree above a detection threshold of 14.5 μJy. This represents a break from the steeper slopes at higher flux densities, resulting in fewer sources predicted for future surveys with the Square Kilometer Array and its precursors. It provides a significant challenge for using background rotation measures (RMs) to study clusters of galaxies or individual galaxies. Most of the polarized sources are well above our detection limit, and they are also radio galaxies that are well-resolved even at 10'', with redshifts from ~0.2-1.9. We determined a total polarized flux for each source by integrating the 10'' polarized intensity maps, as will be done by upcoming surveys such as POSSUM. These total polarized fluxes are a factor of two higher, on average, than the peak polarized flux at 1.''6; this would increase the number counts by ~50% at a fixed flux level. The detected sources have RMs with a characteristic rms scatter of ~11 rad m–2 around the local Galactic value, after eliminating likely outliers. The median fractional polarization from all total intensity sources does not continue the trend of increasing at lower flux densities, as seen for stronger sources. The changes in the polarization characteristics seen at these low fluxes likely represent the increasing dominance of star-forming galaxies.
Gender and Engineering Identity among Upper-Division Undergraduate Students

AbstractThe construction industry’s long-term health depends upon continued efforts to understand historically excluded students’ attrition from engineering programs. For women, lack of identificat...