cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory Management of the Pulmonary Burn

Summary Ventilatory management begins with a consideration of the requirements for gas exchange. The impaired ventilatory apparatus may adequately cope with resting demands for gas exchange, but may be unable to meet the requirements of increased metabolism. Resting hypermetabolism may be particularly severe in the burn patient. This hypermetabolism with its increased rates of gas exchange places severe prolonged demands on ventilation. Measurements of blood gas tensions and gas exchange describe the balance between cardiopulmonary supply and tissue need for gas exchange. This balance becomes more evident when gas tension and gas exchange are considered respectively as intensive and extensive properties of the same system. The hazard to the burn patient of elevation in gas exchange, cardiac output and heat loss may be unsuspected when only measuring intensive variables such as gas tensions. The specificity of the failure of oxygenation as the ultimate functional lesion of the pulmonary burn has been described. Asepsis, chest physiotherapy, airway humidification and quantitation of ventilator and oxygen therapy have been emphasized in the successful management of the severe pulmonary burn.
Sensitivity of Four Species of Carp to Selected Fish Toxicants

Abstract Methods may be needed for controlling the four species of exotic carps now in the United States—common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Aristichthyes nobilis), and silver carp (Hypopthalmichthyes molitrix). We determined the toxicity of four registered or candidate fish toxicants to the carps and delineated the toxicity of GD-174 (2-[digeranylamino]-ethanol) to the four species under various conditions of temperature, water hardness, and pH. The 96-hour LC 50's ranged from 0.570 to 1.00 ppb for antimycin, 1.5 to 9.35 ppb for Salicylanilide I, 0.05 to 0.08 ppm for Noxfish, and 0.05 to 0.55 ppm for GD-174. Toxicity of GD-174 to the four species was little affected by variations in water temperature and water hardness, but was increased at higher pH's. All of the test compounds were toxic to the four species; GD-174 was more toxic to common carp than to the others.
Studies on apyrases

Abstract Purification steps, additional to those reported in the literature (8, 18), using diethylaminoethylcellulose and Amberlite CG-50 chromatographic columns, have been worked out for “apyrase.” The nucleotide-hydrolyzing activity can be resolved into two distinct fractions (apyrase A and B) on DEAE-cellulose and both can be further purified separately on Amberlite CG-50. The ATP to ADP hydrolytic ratios obtained with these enzymes greatly depend on the nature of the potatoes used as a source and are also somewhat influenced by pH. Apyrase A from white potatoes removes the terminal phosphate of ATP much faster than that in the penultimate position, whereas the B enzyme from the same source liberates two equivalents of orthophosphate from ATP at identical rales. The two enzymes from russets, though readily separated on DEAE-cellulose and differing in their pH optima, cannot be distinguished by their mode of attacking the two terminal phosphates of ATP. Michaelis constants, turnover numbers, and Arrhenius activation energies for apyrases A and B isolated from various kinds of potatoes are given for ATP and ADP as substrates. Calcium or magnesium ions activate the two enzymes with regard to hydrolyzing both nucleotides.
Site-distributions of Fe alloying additions to B2-ordered NiAl

Abstract The site-distributions of Fe alloying additions to B2-ordered NiAl alloys have been measured by ALCHEMI ( a tom l ocation by ch anneling- e nhanced m icroanalysis). Twelve alloy compositions were examined, of stoichiometries Ni50−xAl50Fex (Ni-deficient), Ni50Al50−xFex (Al-deficient), and Ni50−x/2Al50−x/2Fex (intermediate), with four different alloying levels, x=0.25, 2, 5, and 10. The data indicate that Fe tends to act as a buffer between the two sublattices, preferentially occupying the site of the stoichiometrically deficient host element. However, the Fe alloying addition was found to partition between the two sublattices to some extent in all alloys, so that ‘Ni’-site vacancies or Ni anti-site defects are required to maintain the site balance. The observed trends in the site-distributions suggest that the range of compositions reported by Darolia et al. (Darolia R, Lahrman DF, Field RD. Scripta Metall Mater 1992;26:1007). to exhibit enhanced ductility may coincide with an inversion in the site-substitution behavior, where more Ni than Fe occupies the aluminum sublattice.
Why Is the Rearrangement of [6,5] Open Fulleroids to [6,6] Closed Fullerenes Zero Order?

Addition of carbene transfer reagents such as diazo compounds to C{sub 60} often generates the [6,6] open fulleroid, 1, as the kinetically controlled product while the thermodynamically controlled product is the [6,6] closed methanofullerene, 2. We now report a study of the rearrangement of the conveniently prepared and purified cyclopentylidenefulleriod 4 to the corresponding spiro [2,4]methanofullerene, 5, in which we demonstrate that a photochemical step in the thermal rearrangement is responsible for the zero-order behavior. 16 refs., 2 figs.
Method of Correction for Instrumental Astigmatism to Determine the Center-to-Limb Variation of the Solar Ultraviolet Continuum*

Various methods for obtaining the solar ultraviolet limb-darkening profiles are investigated in terms of their accuracy and adaptability for use on electronic computers. The experimental data consist of a series of spectra in the wavelengths shorter than 3000 A taken with a somewhat astigmatic spectrograph flown in an Aerobee rocket and a similar set of carbon-arc spectra obtained with the same spectrograph shortly before the flight. For our particular purpose, the densitometer tracings of these spectra are made at right angles to the direction of dispersion. Special attention is directed to the possibility of determining the instrumental astigmatism profiles from the carbon-arc spectra on the basis of assuming a rectangular form for the carbon-arc profile unbroadened by astigmatism. It is found that this method is quite satisfactory. In order to correct the observed limb-darkening profiles for instrumental broadening, the Fourier inversion method appears to be superior to the other methods considered, although the direct numerical evaluation can also be satisfactorily applied.
Cytoplasmic APOBEC3G Restricts Incoming Vif-Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Increases Two-Long Terminal Repeat Circle Formation in Activated T-Helper-Subtype Cells

Cytoplasmic APOBEC3G has been reported to block wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in some primary cells. It is not known whether cytoplasmic APOBEC3G has residual activity in activated T cells, even though virion-packaged APOBEC3G does restrict HIV-1 in activated T cells. Because we found that APOBEC3G expression is greater in activated CD4 + T-helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes than in T-helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, we hypothesized that residual target cell restriction of incoming Vif-positive virions that lack APOBEC3G, if present, would be greater in Th1 than Th2 lymphocytes. Infection of activated Th1 cells with APOBEC3-negative virions did result in decreased amounts of early and late reverse transcription products and integrated virus relative to infection of activated Th2 cells. Two-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles, which are formed in the nucleus when reverse transcripts do not integrate, were increased after APOBEC3-negative virus infection of activated Th1 cells relative to infection of activated Th2 cells. In contrast, 2-LTR circle forms were decreased after infection of APOBEC3G-negative cells with APOBEC3G-containing virions relative to APOBEC3G-negative virions and with Th1 cell-produced virions relative to Th2 cell-produced virions. Increasing APOBEC3G in Th2 cells and decreasing APOBEC3G in Th1 cells modulated the target cell phenotypes, indicating causation by APOBEC3G. The comparison between activated Th1 and Th2 cells indicates that cytoplasmic APOBEC3G in activated Th1 cells partially restricts reverse transcription and integration of incoming Vif-positive, APOBEC3G-negative HIV-1. The differing effects of cytoplasmic and virion-packaged APOBEC3G on 2-LTR circle formation indicate a difference in their antiviral mechanisms.
Effects of task success or failure on causal attributions and person perception.

An actor’s outcome on a task (success-failure) was manipulated orthogonally to information that the actor either used or did not use drugs. Casual attributions for success-failure were obtained as well as trait ratings of the actor. Subjects read a case study of an artist who either succeeded or failed in his profession. For half of the subjects, the artist was described as using hard drugs, and no mention of drugs was made for. the other half. It was predicted and confirmed that success-failure interacted with drugs-no drugs in determining attributions of ability. It was also found, as expected, that success was attributed to ability and motivation more than was failure. Further, success tended to be internally attributed to the actor, while failure was externally attributed. The interaction obtained for ability attribution was not obtained for a measure of trying, nor for the trait ratings. The results confirmed Kepka and Brickman’s (1971) suggestion that ability and motivation are qualitatively different concepts in naive psychology, but some of their specific conclusions are questioned.
Effects of a Medical Home Program for Children with Special Health Care Needs on Parental Perceptions of Care in an Ethnically Diverse Patient Population

The Pediatric Medical Home Program at UCLA enrolled 41 patients in a primary care model focused on providing intensive care coordination for medically complex, ethnically diverse children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in our Pediatric Resident Continuity clinic. We sought to determine the effect of our program on parental satisfaction, and to compare differences in parental satisfaction between English and Spanish speaking patients. The Medical Home Family Index, developed by the Center for Medical Home Improvement, was administered to a total of 22 participating parents, in the family’s primary language by a native speaker, at various times after enrollment in the program. Survey data and language effects were analyzed. The 36 standardized mean scores for the 15 Spanish speaking families were significantly higher (8.5 points higher) than the mean scores from the seven English speaking families (p = 0.003). Although no statistically significant differences were noted in individual questions between Spanish and English speakers, a trend towards more positive responses by Spanish speakers was noted in questions regarding physician-patient communication (p = 0.054) and family-centeredness (p = 0.053). Our results suggest that a primary care model focused on providing intensive care coordination produces positive parental perceptions of the organization and delivery of primary care services in a medically complex population of CSHCN. The main finding of the study is that utilizing the AAP’s approach to the medical home model, emphasizing family-centered and culturally competent care, can produce higher satisfaction scores in Spanish speaking parents when compared to English speaking parents.
Microwave Doppler Shift Technique for Determining Solid Propellant Transient Regression Rates

A microwave Doppler shift system, with increased resolution over earlier microwave techniques, was developed for measuring the regression rates of solid propellants during rapid pressure transients (104 to 10 5 IN cirr-sec). The system was used in two different transient combustion experiments: a rapid depressurization bomb and in the high-frequency acoustic pressure environment of a T-burner. In the rapid depressurization tests the measured apparent regression rates generally fell near or below the steady-state rate at the corresponding pressure and exhibited oscillations in tests near the critical depressurization rates for extinguishment. Unreasonably high oscillatory regression rates were obtained in the T-burner experiments. The results of a set of parameteric calculations indicated that flame ionization effects could be of sufficient magnitude to account for these anomalies. A direct comparison of the analytical predictions and experimental results yielded the conclusion that flame ionization effects probably produced some errors in the absolute values, but not the general characteristics, of the rapid depressurization regression rate measurements.
Achievement in Surgical Residency: Are Objective Measures of Performance Associated With Awards Received in Final Years of Training?

Objective For the past 15 years at our institution’s general surgery residency program, 3 of the senior residents have been chosen to be awarded either (1) Best Resident in Research, (2) Best Resident in Teaching, or (3) Best Resident Overall. Considering that these awards serve as data representing outstanding performance as surgical residents, the objective of this study was to determine the association between receiving one of these awards and objective measures of performance. Methods Individual files were reviewed for the 103 residents who graduated from our institution’s general surgery program from 1994 to 2010. These data were studied as a whole, and then divided into an award-winning group and a non–award winning group and subsequently compared across several objective parameters, including The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) scores, first-time American Board of Surgery Certifying and Qualifying Examination pass rates, Alpha Omega Alpha membership status, and number of research years, using a logistic regression model. Results Overall, 103 residents completed their general surgery residency training at our institution from 1994 to 2010, and of these residents, 16 (16%) received the Best Resident in Research award, 15 (16%) received the Best Resident in Teaching award, and 17 (17%) received the Best Resident Overall award in their final years of training. Compared with those who did not receive an award, a hypothesis-based one-tailed test revealed that award winners had a significantly lower median USMLE Step 1 scores (p = 0.04) and marginally lower median USMLE Step 2 scores (p = 0.05). Alpha Omega Alpha membership status, median ABSITE percent correct overall, first-time American Board of Surgery examination pass rates, and number of research years during residency were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion Many factors contribute to success during general surgery residency. Our study showed that higher USMLE and ABSITE scores were not associated with receiving top awards in final years of training at one institution over 15 years.
Spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass in the surface waters of Long Island

Abstract Intermediate to large scale spatial structure (minimum wavelength 0.3 km) of in vivo chlorophyll a observed in the surface waters along a 192 km transect through eastern Long Island Sound and the coastal waters of eastern Long Island is interpreted in terms of the relative importance of biological and physical processes in producing structure of different length scales. The interpretation is based on power spectral and correlation analyses of the records of chlorophyll a, temperature, and salinity taken simultaneously along the transect. Results suggest that chlorophyll structure at large wavelengths (>20 km) is related to the distribution of nutrients, specifically ammonium. The similarity of the chlorophyll a spectrum to the spectra of the physical variables at wavelengths from 5 to 20 km, implies that physical processes (possibly advection by tidal currents) are important in the generation of structure at these wavelengths. At wavelengths shorter than 5 km temperature and salinity spectra exhibit slopes of approximately −5 3 while the chlorophyll spectrum exhibits a slope of approximately −1. A slope of −1 for the chlorophyll spectrum at these wavelengths is consistent with Corrsin's (1961) theoretical results for the spectrum of a reacting field. The reaction in this case is the production of chlorophyll by phytoplankton.
Computer study of tweed as a precursor to a martensitic transformation of a Bcc lattice

Using molecular dynamics computer simulations we have studied a bcc crystal with an interatomic potential having a second derivative which passes through zero near second neighbor distances. This causes an inherent tetragonal instability which manifests itself as random dynamic tetragonal distortions at high temperature (“dynamic tweed”), quasi-static and somewhat spatially correlated tetragonal distortions at intermediate temperatures (“static tweed”), and an apparent martensitic transformation to a close-packed structure at low temperatures. The effect of simple defects (vacancies and interstitials) on the development and spatial localization of the pretransformation structure (tweed) and the subsequent martensitic transformation will also be discussed.
Serial attention within working memory.

It is proposed that people are limited to attending to just one “object” in working memory (WM) at any one time. Consequently, many cognitive tasks, and much of everyday thought, necessitate switches between WM items. The research to be presented measured the time involved in switching attention between objects in WM and sought to elaborate the processes underlying such switches. Two experiments required subjects to maintain two running counts; the order in which the counts were updated necessitated frequent switches between them. Even after intensive practice, a time cost was incurred when subjects updated the two counts in succession, relative to updating the same count twice. This time cost was interpreted as being due to a distinct switching mechanism that controls an internal focus of attention large enough for just one object (count) at a time. This internal focus of attention is a subset of WM (Cowan, 1988). Alternative visual and conceptual repetition-priming and memory retrieval explanations for the cost involved in switching between items in WM are addressed.
Supporting microcomputers in a multi-vendor environment

BEFORE THE POPULARITY of microcomputers, the computing environment in many universities was usually comprised of a single mainframe computer. Although the development of minicomputers started a drift away from a single vendor environment for computing hardware, the changes that occurred were of the type that many user services personnel could easily handle.The popularity of microcomputers in a university environment has had a strong impact on the type of support which is given to users. Typically, users will insist on deciding what type of microcomputer they want to purchase, and then will make demands on user services staff for software support of their machines. In another situation, users who are accustomed to addressing all questions to the computing center will inquire about what is the best machine and software that can be purchased for a particular application.The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the different models which are used for supporting microcomputers in a university environment. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these models will be discussed. The intention is not to suggest that one model is superior to another. Rather, the intention is to illustrate how different models are used to handle different situations.
Interaction between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor and αVβ3 Integrin Linked Signaling Pathways: Cellular Responses to Changes in Multiple Signaling Inputs

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate cell attachment to extracellular matrix, migration, division, and inhibition of apoptosis. Because growth factors are also important for these processes, there has been interest in cooperative signaling between growth factor receptors and integrins. IGF-I is an important growth factor for vascular cells. One integrin, αVβ3, that is expressed in smooth muscle cells modulates IGF-I actions. Ligand occupancy of αVβ3 is required for IGF-I to stimulate cell migration and division. Src homology 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) is a tyrosine phosphatase whose recruitment to signaling molecules is stimulated by growth factors including IGF-I. If αVβ3 ligand occupancy is inhibited, there is no recruitment of SHP-2 to αVβ3 and its transfer to downstream signaling molecules is blocked. Ligand occupancy of αVβ3 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the β3-subunit, resulting in recruitment of SHP-2. This transfer is mediated by an insulin recept...
Television and History: Questioning the Archive

This essay raises the question of the status of TV recordings as historical documents. Although it is perfectly legitimate to read old programs from the 1950s onwards as historic evidence of their times, this says nothing about the contribution of television itself to the historical process. To be concerned with the effect of television itself on the general historical process, calls for a different approach: one that focuses not so much on the content of programs as on how they are made and with what available technical resources. This essay explores the status of TV (and radio) archives as academic historical resources through a brief analysis of microphones (radio), cameras (TV) and recording devices (for both).
MMM2: mobile media metadata for media sharing

As cameraphones become the dominant platform for consumer multimedia capture worldwide, multimedia researchers are faced both with the challenge of how to help users manage the billions of photographs they are collectively producing and the opportunity to leverage cameraphones' ability to automatically capture temporal, spatial, and social contextual metadata to help manage consumer multimedia content. In our Mobile Media Metadata 2 (MMM2) prototype, we apply collaborative filtering techniques to automatically gathered contextual metadata to infer the likely sharing recipients for photos captured on cameraphones. We show that while current cameraphone sharing interfaces are fraught with difficulty, it is possible to use a context-aware approach to make the sharing of cameraphone photos simpler and more satisfying for users. Based on our analysis of the relative contributions of different cameraphone sensors to predicting the likely recipients for photos, we discover for our user population that the temporal context of photo capture proved highly predictive of photo sharing behavior.
Applying a theory of graphical presentation to the graphic design of user interfaces

The increasing availability of computers with high-quality graphics and fonts has created an opportunity and an obligation for user interface designers. The opportunity is that designers can use graphical techniques to design more effective user interfaces. The obligation is that they must become experts at the design of graphical user interfaces. Current user interface toolkits provide very little design assistance. This paper describes a theory that supports automatic design of graphical presentations of relational information and shows how to extend it to support theory-driven design of graphical user interfaces.“A picture worth a thousand words must first be a good picture” [Bow68]
Importance of hypoxic/ischemic conditions in the development of cerebral lenticulostriate vasculopathy

Background. We have observed many infants with lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV) on neurosonograms who do not have classic histories of prenatal infection, trisomy, or prenatal drug exposure.¶Objective. To investigate the underlying clinical conditions in patients with LSV.¶Materials and methods. Sixty-three cases of LSV were identified among approximately 2,400 neurosonograms performed over 42 months. All neurosonograms were reviewed. Medical records were reviewed for information regarding prenatal infection, chromosomal abnormality, respiratory and cardiac disease, and other pertinent diagnoses.¶Result. Hypoxic/ischemic conditions accounted for 33 cases: cardiac disease in 13, respiratory distress syndrome in 15, and perinatal asphyxia in 5. Twelve of these 33 had initially normal or minimal findings, with LSV developing or progressing on subsequent neurosonograms. The remaining 30 cases had varied clinical associations: congenital infection in 5, trisomies in 9, fetal substance exposure in 4, and unclear etiology in 12. Coexistent anomalies included posterior urethral valves, MCDK, myelomeningocele, placental abruption, and others. Thirty patients were premature. Fifteen patients died; histologic changes of LSV were found at autopsy in one patient.¶Conclusion. LSV has varied clinical associations. The common association with hypoxic/ischemic conditions and the progressive changes seen in 12 patients with cardiac and pulmonary disease suggest that post-natal hypoxia/ischemia is an important etiologic factor.
Too Much Reference: Semantics for Multiply Signifying Terms

The logic of singular terms that refer to nothing, such as ‘Santa Claus,’ has been studied extensively under the heading of free logic. The present essay examines expressions whose reference is defective in a different way: they signify more than one entity. The bulk of the effort aims to develop an acceptable formal semantics based upon an intuitive idea introduced informally by Hartry Field and discussed by Joseph Camp; the basic strategy is to use supervaluations. This idea, as it stands, encounters difficulties, but with suitable refinements it can be salvaged. Two other options for a formal semantics of multiply signifying terms are also presented, and I discuss the relative merits of the three semantics briefly. Finally, possible modifications to the standard logical regimentation of the notion of existence are considered.
Correlates of failure following treatment with Sr-90 beta irradiation for in-stent restenosis

We sought to determine the correlates of failure following intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) with Sr-90 using the Novoste Beta-Cath system for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in a broad range of patients. IRT has been shown to be more efficacious compared to placebo for the treatment of ISR in large randomized trials. However, even in patients treated with IRT, major adverse cardiac events occur in approximately 20% of cases on follow-up. This trial sought to elucidate the correlates of failure following successful IRT for ISR. To determine the correlates of IRT failure, we retrospectively compared the demographics, lesion characteristics, and clinical outcomes of 102 consecutive patients with ISR treated with Sr-90 from September 1998 to July 2001. IRT failure was defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR) due to repeat ISR on follow-up. A comparison of the clinical and angiographic profile of IRT failures (n = 16) vs. IRT successes (n = 86) revealed that a history of smoking (75% vs. 40%; P = 0.012), current use of calcium channel blockers (84% vs. 45%; P = 0.013), ostial location of target lesion (44% vs. 16%; P = 0.020), and mean posttreatment minimal luminal diameter (MLD; 1.64 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.21 +/- 0.29 mm; P < 0.001), respectively, were correlated with failure using univariate analysis. After multivariate regression analysis, the correlates of failure that remained significant were treatment of an ostial lesion (OR = 31.2; 95% CI = 2.6-382.7; P = 0.007) and final posttreatment MLD (P < 0.001). Ostial location of target lesion and smaller posttreatment MLD are correlated with subsequent death, MI, and TVR following therapy with Sr-90 for ISR.
A microcomputer-based method for physiologically interpretable measurement of the rewarding efficacy of brain stimulation.

Abstract Determination of the function relating rate of pressing to the number of pulses in a train of fixed duration (the rate-frequency function) yields a physiologically interpretable measure of changes in the rewarding efficacy of the stimulation, because the number of action potentials in the reward-relevant first stage axons is directly proportional to the number of pulses in the train. We describe a system, based on a low cost microcomputer, which permits determination of 16-data-point rate-frequency functions in 4–6 animals simultaneously in less than 10 minutes. We give an empirical and theoretical justification for using the curve-shift measurement procedure in drug and lesion work, where the experimental treatments must be presumed to have substantial effects on performance factors.
Alfimeprase: Pharmacology of a novel fibrinolytic metalloproteinase for thrombolysis

Alfimeprase is a recombinantly produced, truncated form of fibrolase, a known directly fibrinolytic zinc metalloproteinase that was first isolated from the venom of the southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix). Both fibrolase and alfimeprase have been shown to have direct proteolytic activity against the fibrinogen Aα chain. In vivo pharmacology studies have shown that thrombolysis with alfimeprase is up to 6 times more rapid than with plasminogen activators. Alfimeprase can be bound and neutralized by serum α2-macroglobulin, a prevalent mammalian protease inhibitor which is capable of forming a macromolecular complex with alfimeprase. As a result, systemic bleeding complications have been greatly reduced due to the inhibitory effects of α2-macroglobulin. This article reviews the biochemical in vitro and in vivo characteristics of this novel acting thrombolytic.
The Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale Development and Validation of a New Measure for Boys

This article presents a new scale to measure adolescent boys’internalization of masculine norms as evidenced by their attitudes and beliefs about what constitutes appropriate behavior for males wit...
Differences between morning and evening temperatures of cloud tops over tropical continents and oceans

Longwave radiation measurements made in the water vapour window by the satellite NOAA-2 are examined for the period 15 June to 30 September 1974, in two oceanic and two continental tropical areas. Satellite overpasses are near 09 and 21 local time. It is found that convective cloud tops over land are much colder (and higher) in the evening than in the morning. The reverse is true over sea; further, the absolute frequency of very cold clouds is less there than over land. A specific cloud mass which could be followed for one week shows a morning-evening variation in cloud top temperature in agreement with statistical deductions.
Wafer reconstitution with precision dry front-to-front registration

This paper demonstrates a dry heterogeneous integration process for embedding CMOS chips into a partially-complete MEMS silicon wafer. By using standard IC processing, we create passive alignment structures in backside cavities on the MEMS wafer. The precision dry assembly utilizes front-to-front registration, removing the need for sidewall slope control of the backside Deep Reactive Ion Etch (DRIE). With dummy dice emulating CMOS chips, we show better than ±3µm alignment in both the x- and y-directions after manual die insertion. This process allows formation of high density and low parasitic contacts between the embedded chips and wafer, by sputter deposition of metal to form vias and interconnects.
Group identification moderates attitudes toward ingroup members who confront discrimination

Three studies examined the hypothesis that group identification moderates African Americans’, Asian Americans’, and women’s attitudes toward fellow ingroup members who challenge an outgroup member’s discriminatory comments or who do not speak up about the comments. Highly identified racial minorities expressed more positive attitudes toward ingroup members who confronted discriminatory comments compared to those who did not confront; whereas weakly identified minorities did not express different attitudes across the two conditions. Among women, the weakly identified expressed more negative attitudes toward other women who confronted discrimination relative to those who did not confront; whereas highly identified women did not differentially evaluate ingroup members in the two conditions. The less women identified with their group, the more negatively they evaluated ingroup members who confronted sexism. This research highlights the important role of group identification in understanding how members of devalued groups respond toward ingroup members who take a stand against discrimination.
Celebrating Your Recreational Sports Alumni: Connecting Generations for Future Success

Previous recreational sports employees and participants represent a tremendous source of history, knowledge, insight, collaborative potential, and life experiences. Connecting prior generations of personnel and participants can acknowledge the past, be beneficial to the present, and energize the future. The rationale for establishing an alumni network within a recreational sports department is that such a network can provide a multitude of morale, business, communication, and qualitative benefits. The development of an alumni network can also help create a sense of pride, tradition, and excellence in a recreational sports department. Finally, it can provide guest instructors with specialized expertise, open the door for sponsorship opportunities, and allow for a productive partnership with the alumni office. Good alumni relations start with the experience that is provided to individuals while they are at the institution. Once the decision is made to introduce alumni programming, the recreational sports ad...
Multifactorial basis for coronary collateralization: a complex adaptive response to ischemia

Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are adaptive responses of the coronary collateral circulation to myocardial ischemia. This review focuses on the concerted action of growth factors, growth factor receptors, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory cellular responses to regulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in response to myocardial ischemia and alterations in shear stress. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents a novel approach to increase myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease and provides an opportunity to further clarify the mechanisms that regulate collateral development. Impairment of angiogenic adaptive responses to ischemia during disease states is an important subject for future investigation.
LOW-INTENSITY DEMOCRACY REVISITED: The Effects of Economic Liberalization on Political Activity in Latin America

Existing literature emphasizes the disorganizing or weakening effects of economic liberalization on civil society, whereby free-market policies are said to demobilize and depoliticize collective actors. The article evaluates the effects of economic liberalization on large-scale societal mobilizations across seventeen Latin American countries for the period 1970–2000. The article further tests the effects of economic liberalization on individual political participation across sixteen Latin American countries for the period 1980–2000. In contrast to the atomization literature, this article provides strong evidence that economic liberalization leads to greater levels of societal mobilization in the context of free-market democratization. The article also demonstrates that economic liberalization does not induce a decline in political participation. Collectively, these results cast doubt on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings presented in Kurtz (2004).
Envelope responses in single-trial EEG indicate attended speaker in a 'cocktail party'.

Objective. Recent studies have shown that auditory cortex better encodes the envelope of attended speech than that of unattended speech during multi-speaker (‘cocktail party’) situations. We investigated whether these differences were sufficiently robust within single-trial electroencephalographic (EEG) data to accurately determine where subjects attended. Additionally, we compared this measure to other established EEG markers of attention. Approach. High-resolution EEG was recorded while subjects engaged in a two-speaker ‘cocktail party’ task. Cortical responses to speech envelopes were extracted by cross-correlating the envelopes with each EEG channel. We also measured steady-state responses (elicited via highfrequency amplitude modulation of the speech) and alpha-band power, both of which have been sensitive to attention in previous studies. Using linear classifiers, we then examined how well each of these features could be used to predict the subjects’ side of attention at various epoch lengths. Main results. We found that the attended speaker could be determined reliably from the envelope responses calculated from short periods of EEG, with accuracy improving as a function of sample length. Furthermore, envelope responses were far better indicators of attention than changes in either alpha power or steady-state responses. Significance. These results suggest that envelope-related signals recorded in EEG data can be used to form robust auditory BCI’s that do not require artificial manipulation (e.g., amplitude modulation) of stimuli to function.
Is non-invasive ventilation (NIV) utilised appropriately outside of respiratory specialist areas?

Background The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommends regular audit of NIV practice (BTS, NIV in acute respiratory failure, Thorax , 2002, 57 p192-211) and states inappropriate use of NIV is undesirable. Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to establish if inappropriate NIV could be correlated with location of set up. Proving this hypothesis would enable us to target locations to provide additional support to reduce and prevent the inappropriate use of NIV. Methods Data were collected prospectively from 255 consecutive patients requiring NIV from May 2009 to April 2011 using an adapted version of the BTS NIV data tool. The establishment of NIV was deemed appropriate or not as per the BTS guidelines. Results The impact of appropriate use of NIV on mortality is summarised. The impact of location on appropriate use of NIV is summarised. Conclusion Patients commenced on NIV outside of respiratory speciality areas are more likely to receive inappropriate NIV with subsequent higher mortality rates.This may be due to the lack of expertise in non-respiratory areas. We therefore conclude that NIV should only be initiated in respiratory specialist areas within our hospital.
Plateau uplifts: Mode and mechanism

One of the keys to understanding the dynamics of plate interiors is the puzzle of plateau uplifts, especially those isolated from active mountain belts. These are of particular interest because they apparently involve deeply rooted processes and are independent of active subduction. Some of these areas are capped by young alkaline volcanics, while some are free of volcanics. Putorana in Siberia, the Adirondacks and Black Hills of North America, and the Serra do Mar in Brazil are typical cases—irregular areas 100–200 km in diameter, 1 km above their surroundings. Volcanic-capped uplifts are common in Africa (Ahaggar, Tibesti, Jos Plateau, Ngaoundere, and the Cameroon Zone), as are examples of the volcanic-free uplifts (Fouta Djallon, Angola, Adamawa, and high Veldt). The Colorado Plateau may be similar to volcanic-capped African uplifts.
Tcl and the Tk Toolkit

Copyright © 1993 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Duplication of this draft is permitted by individuals for personal use only. Any other form of duplication or reproduction requires prior written permission of the author or publisher. This statement must be easily visible on the first page of any reproduced copies. The publisher does not offer warranties in regard to this draft.
A wearable wireless sensor platform for interactive dance performances

This paper reports on recent development of a wearable wireless sensor platform for interactive dance performances. At a fraction of a cubic-centimeter in volume, this platform is truly wearable and scalable informing wireless networks. Integrated with a wide variety of different sensing devices, it is a real-time monitoring system for activities and physical conditions of the human body. The effectiveness of this platform is demonstrated with an interactive dance performance.
Approximation Errors in Truncated Dimensional Decompositions for Uncertainty Quantification

The main theme of this paper is error analysis for approximations derived from two variants of dimensional decomposition of a multivariate function commonly used for uncertainty quantication of complex systems: the referential dimensional decomposition (RDD) and analysis-of-variance dimensional decomposition (ADD). New formulae are presented for the lower and upper bounds of the expected errors committed by bivariately and arbitrarily truncated RDD approximations when the reference point is selected randomly, thereby facilitating a means for weighing RDD against ADD approximations. The formulae reveal that the expected error from the S-variate RDD approximation of a function of N variables, where 0 S < N < 1, is at least 2 S+1 times greater than the error from the S-variate ADD approximation. Consequently, ADD approximations are exceedingly more precise than RDD approximations. The analysis also nds the RDD approximation to be sub-optimal for an arbitrarily selected reference point, whereas the ADD approximation always results in minimum error. Therefore, the RDD approximation should be used with caution.
Devastating intracardiac and aortic thrombosis: a case report of apparent catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome during liver transplantation

Fewer than 80 cases of intracardiac thrombosis and intraoperative pulmonary thromboembolism during liver transplantation have been described. We present a patient who suffered an intraoperative fulminant intracardiac and aortic thrombosis and posthumously was found to have had high anticardiolipin immunoglobulin M concentration and markers of hyperfibrinolysis in preoperatively collected plasma. Hemostatic therapy in the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies and the pathogenesis of a catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome are discussed.
Suspended Animation Attuning to Material-Discursive Data and Attending via Poesis During Somatographic Inquiry

What possibilities for thinking and expression lie suspended between what we say is a “something” or a “someone” and the forces, multiplicities, intensities, and uncanny relations that effect and c...
Subfield Hockey: A Reaction to Matthew Moore's National Survey of Political Theorists

This survey's importance comes not from what it informs us about political theory as a field, but rather from the function it serves within debates over the component areas of the field of political science. Rather than answering whether political theory “belongs” within political science (an unanswerable question), the survey uses quantification of qualitative experience and data collection to consolidate political theory as a subfield. Thus success of this project relies upon and reinforces disciplinary norms, operating as a process that attempts to bring a normative political theory into existence. The rank ordering of departments, journals, and individual theorists proves appealing not only for the competitive, horse-race valuation of those people and institutions, but also for how they ultimately resist this project by showing the anti-normative heart of political theory: an important and useful survey indeed.
Combining geodesic interpolating splines and affine transformations

Geodesic spline interpolation is a simple and efficient approach for landmark matching by nonambiguous mappings (diffeomorphisms), combining classic spline interpolation and flows of diffeomorphisms. Here, we extend the method to incorporate the estimation of a affine transformation, yielding a consistent and numerically stable algorithm. A theoretical justification is provided by studying the existence of the global minimum of the energy.
Molecular aspects of phospholipase A2 activation.

A striking characteristic of soluble phospholipases A2 is their tendency to become activated at a lipid-water interface.1 The activity of these enzymes is much greater with aggregated phospholipid substrates than with monomeric substrates. Furthermore, the activity is heavily influenced by the state of the aggregated lipids. Our interests in phospholipase A2 are focussed on the mechanism of the activation process and the physical basis of the role of lipid structure and/or dynamics in that process.
Intraventricular colloid cyst, hydrocephalus and neurogenic stunned myocardium.

Abstract Objective: To report the occurrence of neurogenic stunned myocardium in the context of a hydrocephalus due to a third ventricle colloid cyst. Design: Case report. Setting: Neurocritical care unit of a university hospital. Patient: The case of a 33-year-old woman with an intraventricular cerebral colloid cyst who developed hydrocephalus, cardiac arrest and survived is presented. Workup was consistent with neurogenic stunned myocardium in the context of acute hydrocephalus due to an intraventricular colloid cyst. Results: The patient had decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, apex-sparing areas of hypokinesis and akinesis, wall motion abnormalities not matching a particular vascular territories, the peak troponin T level of 0.09 ng/ml and had normal coronary arteries at angiography. Seven days after the initial event the cardiac function recovered. Tumor resection was successfully performed. At 10 months after discharge, the only complaint was mild memory disturbance, she was completely functional with no evidence of seizures or of cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion: The sudden elevation of intracranial pressure, with the subsequent decreased cerebral perfusion pressure induces a vigorous cerebro-protective neuroendocrine system activation that can lead to the neurogenic stunned myocardium. Sudden death in patients with colloid cysts may be related to acute neurogenic cardiac dysfunction, and not necessarily cerebral herniation(s), as previously thought.
REEXAMINATION OF PALEOPATHOLOGY IN PLESIOSAURS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BEHAVIORAL INTERPRETATIONS

Paleopathology, the study of disease and injury in long-dead organisms, adds a unique dimension to paleobiological reconstructions. At the level of a single individual, paleopathology provides a partial life history. At the population level, paleopathology can offer information on environmental stresses and disease transmission. Finally, interspecific comparisons may help identify behavioral or functional differences between taxa. In some fortunate cases, large sample sizes allow the application of statistical methods to paleopathological data. These methods allow recognition of the real differences between populations and species and help to move paleopathology beyond collections of interesting anecdotes. Many diving animals are known to suffer from 'the bends' (also known as decompression syndrome or caisson disease), caused by buildup of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream during prolonged or especially deep dives, or sudden decompression. These nitrogen bubbles may lodge in small blood vessels supplying bone tissue, occluding the artery and resulting in tissue death, known as avascular necrosis (Rothschild and Storrs, 2003; Moore and Early, 2004). Among other osteological changes, the articular surfaces of limb bones or vertebrae may collapse (focal subsidence) in response to avascular necrosis. This focal subsidence is readily recognizable in the fossil record, and differences between taxa in the occurrence rates of this condition may be used to infer differences in diving behavior among extinct taxa. Rothschild and Storrs (2003) presented a comprehensive dataset of occurrences of focal subsidence in 576 humeri and 479