cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a professional dead end or a dynamic process of professional development? The paradoxes of shealy’s “The therapeutic parent: A model for the child and youth care profession”

Certainly the publication of "The Therapeutic Parent: A Model for the Child and Youth Care Profession," with the opportunity for commentary, is a major contribution to the professionalization of the child and youth care field. I heartily endorse Jerome Beker's allocation of a complete issue of the Forum to this model of presenting viewpoints and findings that may be controversial. This in itself provides a needed 'open system' and momentum for our collective efforts to advance the field. My response to the paper will embrace the paradoxical. On one hand, I suggest that to literally follow the suggestion that we adopt the "therapeutic parent" model as herein presented is tantamount to consigning us to a dead end in developing the field as a profession. On the other hand, recognizing Dr. Shealy's work as contributing relevant perspectives, findings, and methodologies to be integrated into the work that has been going on for years, may further extend and enrich the substantial effort that has been long under way. This response will address this paradox through addressing the following areas: • The assumptions that Dr. Shealy makes concerning the status of child and youth care as a profession and about the efficacy of qualities associated with parents and therapists as a source of professional identity • The pitfalls of job analysis methodology, and some comments on the job analysis findings
Mechanistic interpretation of the dilution effect for Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum nitrogenase catalysis.

Abstract Nitrogenase activity for Clostridium pasteurianum (Cp) at a Cp2:Cp1 ratio of 1.0 and Azotobacter vinelandii (Av) at Av2:Av1 protein ratios ( R ) of 1, 4 and 10 is determined as a function of increasing MoFe protein concentration from 0.01 to 5 μM. The rates of ethylene and hydrogen evolution for these ratios and concentrations were measured to determine the effect of extreme dilution on nitrogenase activity. The experimental results show three distinct types of kinetic behavior: (1) a finite intercept along the concentration axis (∼0.05 μM MoFe); (2) a non-linear increase in the rate of product formation with increasing protein concentration (∼0.2 μM MoFe) and (3) a limiting linear rate of product formation at high protein concentrations (>0.4 μM MoFe). The data are fitted using the following rate equation derived from a mechanism for which two Fe proteins interact cooperatively with a single half of the MoFe protein. ν= K 1 k 3 R 2 [MoFe] 3 K 1 R 2 [MoFe] 2 +K 1 KR [MoFe] +K The equation predicts that the cubic dependence in MoFe protein gives rise to the non-linear rate of product formation (the dilution effect) at very low MoFe protein concentrations. The equation also predicts that the rate will vary linearly at high MoFe protein concentrations with increasing MoFe protein concentration. That these limiting predictions are in accord with the experimental results suggests that either two Fe proteins interact cooperatively with a single half of the MoFe protein, or that the rate constants in the Thorneley and Lowe model are more dependent upon the redox state of MoFe protein than previously suspected [R.N. Thornley and D.J. Lowe, Biochem. J. 224 (1984) 887–894]. Previous Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter chroococcum dilution results were reanalyzed using the above equation. Results from all of these nitrogenases are consistent and suggest that cooperativity is a fundamental kinetic aspect of nitrogenase catalysis.
Tunable Model-Driven Nonuniform Sampling Methods For 3-D Inspection

The development of a CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) environment requires that inspection processes be linked to databases containing the design data. Increased emphasis on flexibility must not be bought at the expense of increased human involvement in producing process directives. The RPI CIM program has developed an automated 3-D inspection system which integrates a CAD database to develop preliminary inspection directives. The design of the inspection system is characterized by real-time operation, an ability to utilize 3-D data originating from both a CAD model and from points on a test piece, the automatic generation of inspection programs based on model features, and the system's sensitivity to tolerancing issues. Inspection of manufactured parts and assemblies often requires large amounts of information in the form of test probe point locations and large amounts of time to perform the inspection. By optimally locating the probe points it is possible to maintain inspection reliability using fewer test probes in a reduced amount of time. A class of sampling schemes has been developed which use part model and manufacturing process information to generate an improved probe-point location set for routine inspection in a model-based, open-loop mode. The objective of the proposed sampling scheme is to optimize the placement of the sample points on the ideal model to minimize the chance of missing a discrepancy. The algorithm which generates the inspection program bases its test-point placement on an estimate of the likelihood of a machining discrepancy at any given point on the part surface. Implemented for evaluation in 2-D, the algorithm has been selected for its ability to be extended to 3-D. Test results show that it performs favorably on a large class of surfaces.
Influence of the spacing of trait information on impressions of likability

Abstract Five experiments were conducted in which subjects were shown lists of trait adjectives that supposedly described particular individuals. Each list included both positive and negative traits, with all such traits occurring twice. The second occurrence of a trait followed the first either immediately (massed presentation) or after four other traits intervened (distributed presentation). For a given list, all positive traits received massed presentation and all negative traits were distributed, or vice versa. After list presentation, subjects judged how likable the person described would be. In Experiments 1–3 only, there was also a free recall test for the traits. The free recall test revealed both a spacing effect (distributed items being recalled better than massed) and a bias toward recalling negative traits better than positive. Likability judgments paralleled the recall pattern, with the judgments being more positive when positive traits were distributed (and negative massed), than in the opposite arrangement. Correlations calculated between recall and impressions were mostly nonsignificant, however, suggesting that judgments were not based on the recall of specific traits and that inferences formed at encoding were of primary importance.
Juvenile hormone esterase activity in precisely timed last instar larvae and pharate pupae of Manduca sexta

Abstract Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) from fifth instar Manduca sexta haemolymph was purified 38 fold, treated with DFP and used to determine a K m . Assay parameters for JHE such as partitioning of substrate and product, effect of protein, and time course were determined. Animals staged to within 1.5 hr of ecdysis to the fifth instar were used to determine JHE activity during the instar and pharate pupal life. Two peaks of activity were observed, one just before wandering and the other just before larval-pupal ecdysis.
Improved calibration of time-of-flight mass spectra by simplex optimization of electrostatic ion calculations

A novel time-of-flight mass calibration method has been developed. In contrast to conventional methods, where the relationship between ion flight time and mass is an arbitrary polynomial equation, this method is based on the physics of ion motion. Parameters needed to describe the physics are numerically optimized using a simplex algorithm. Once these parameters are established, unknown masses can be determined from their times-of-flight. This calibration method gives intrinsically well-behaved results, since nonlinearities (due to extraction delay, desorption velocity, etc.) are properly taken into account in the time-of-flight calculation. The simplex method is compared to curve fitting for the analysis of time-of-flight data, and some significant advantages are demonstrated. Salient features of the method include greatly improved mass extrapolation accuracy, no loss of interpolated calibration accuracy, the ability to obtain an accurate calibration with a minimal number of calibrants, and the ability to extract unknown parameters such as desorption velocities.
Measurement of the geodesic deviation of a gyroscope

Abstract The possibility is considered of detecting the anomalous acceleration (geodesic deviation) of a gyroscope in free fall, which is predicted by general relativity. Although the effect is small, it appears that experimental apparatus of sufficient sensitivity for use in Earth orbit could be designed. An additional check of the validity of general relativity thus may be feasible.
Formation and structure of the acrosomal filament in the sperm of Sicyonia ingentis

The sperm of the natantian Sicyonia ingentis are nonmotile, unistellate cells. During sperm-egg interaction, they undergo a biphasic acrosome reaction (exocytosis of an acrosomal vesicle and formation of an acrosomal filament). Formation of the acrosomal filament is temporally separated from acrosomal exocytosis by 10–20 min in vivo and 30–45 min in vitro. The acrosomal filament is composed of 1) the filament proper and 2) an extended saucer/petal complex. The filament proper is 0.3–0.5 μm in diameter, about 10 μm in length, and contains tubular-like structures that do not resemble microtubules. The acrosomal filament terminates anteriorly in the extended saucer/petal complex, a dense conical structure that flares out into 12–15 petal-like extensions. The extended saucer/petal complex is present in the subacrosome prior to filament formation and during elongation of the filament proper (which occurs over a time span of 3–5 min) is pulled/pushed away from the main body of the sperm.
Electroendosmosis correction for electrophoretic mobility determined in gels

Abstract Electroendosmosis is a complicating factor in gel electrophoresis. Determination of electroendosmotic mobility by the use of vitamin B12 as a marker in agar and agarose gels at different concentrations revealed that electroendosmosis was not reduced to zero by extrapolation of observed mobility values to zero gel concentration. It is shown that a Ferguson plot of the observed values of electrophoretic mobilities yields the correct values for KR; however the extrapolated values of electrophoretic mobility must still be corrected for electroendosmosis to obtain the true electrophoretic mobilities.
PHOTOEXCITATION, IONIZATION, AND DISSOCIATION OF MOLECULES USING INTENSE NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION OF FEMTOSECOND DURATION

The coupling mechanism between an intense (∼1013 W cm-2, 780 nm) near-infrared radiation field of duration 50−200 fs with molecules having 5−50 atoms is considered in this article. In general, the interaction of intense radiation fields with molecules can result in both electron emission and subsequent dissociation. For the laser excitation scheme employed here, intact ions are observed in addition to dissociative ionization channels for all classes of molecules investigated to date. An excitation mechanism is considered where the electric field of the laser mediates the coupling between the radiation and the molecule. This field-induced ionization is compared with the more common frequency-mediated coupling mechanism found in multiphoton processes. Measurements of intense-laser photoionization probability are presented for several series of molecules. An outline of our structure-based model is presented to enable calculation of relative tunneling rates and prediction of the laser−molecule coupling mechan...
Teaching paediatric residents about learning disorders: use of standardised case discussion versus multimedia computer tutorial.

Background We developed a standardised case-based educational exercise on the topic of childhood learning disorders, and a multimedia computerised adaptation of this exercise, as part of a national curriculum project based on the Bright Futures guidelines. Objective To explore resident perceptions of the facilitated case discussion (FCD) and the computerised tutorial (CT). Design Quasi-randomised comparison of two educational interventions. Setting Preclinic teaching conferences at a large urban children's hospital. Participants A total of 46 paediatric residents years 1–3 assigned to either FCD (n = 21) or CT (n = 25). Interventions FCD residents met in groups of 8–12 with a trained facilitator for a structured case discussion, while CT residents worked in groups of 2–3 at a computer station linked to an interactive website. Outcome Measures Participant responses during semistructured focus group interviews. Analysis Focus group transcripts, field notes and computer logs were analysed simultaneously using qualitative grounded theory methodology. Results Residents experienced CT as fun, offering flexibility, greater auditory and visual appeal and more opportunities for active learning. FCD allowed greater contact with expert faculty and made the material more relevant to clinical practice. FCD participants emphasised the clinical skills gleaned and stated that the learning experience would change their future patient management. Both groups reported that case discussion was more interactive than computer learning. Median time spent on learning was slightly shorter for the CT group. All groups of learners arrived at the correct final diagnosis. Conclusions FCD and CT stimulate different types of learning among paediatric residents. Future studies are needed to determine how to integrate these two techniques to meet the learning needs of residents in diverse settings.
Chk1 Activation and the Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Ratio

ATR and Chk1 are important components of a cell cycle checkpoint pathway. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Conn et al. shed a novel light on the molecular mechanism of Chk1 activation and raise the possibility of a developmental checkpoint that regulates Chk1 in response to the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio.
New porphyrins bearing positively charged peripheral groups linked by a sulfonamide group to meso-tetraphenylporphyrin: interactions with calf thymus DNA.

New water-soluble cationic meso-tetraarylporphyrins (TArP, Ar = 4-C6H4) and some metal derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. One main goal was to assess if N-methylpyridinium (N-Mepy...
The nasolabial flap--a defensive reappraisal.

. The nasolabial flap has been a mainstay in reconstructing nasal defects. Errors in design and construction of this flap have caused many to condemn it and move away from its use. This article reaffirms its extensive applicability and seeks to forestall unaesthetic reconstructions by consideration of preventive steps.
Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among pharmacy students at nine U.S. schools of pharmacy

Hazardous use of alcohol continues to be recognized as a problem at the university level. Knowledge regarding alcohol consumption in healthcare professional students is limited, especially in regards to pharmacy students. Much of the information available focuses on pharmacy student drinking patterns in specific geographic regions or is simply outdated.Objectives: This study was designed to assess levels of alcohol consumption and estimate the level of hazardous drinking among pharmacy students in a larger sample size that is representative of US pharmacy schools.Methods: An anonymous survey regarding alcohol usage was offered to students at nine schools of pharmacy across the United States. The survey consisted of demographic questions, the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and questions that assess particular alcohol-induced behaviors.Results: More than 25% of 1161 respondents had a total AUDIT score ≥ 8, which indicates a risk of alcohol-related problems. Students that were male, in their first or second professional year of school, not married, and without children were statistically more likely to have AUDIT scores in the hazardous drinking range. Grade point average and student housing did not statistically affect student’s AUDIT scores.Conclusion: These results indicate that over one-fourth of pharmacy students surveyed have indicators of harmful alcohol use. Pharmacy schools should continue to address and confront hazardous alcohol use on campuses in order to curtail heavy alcohol consumption and reduce the risk of alcohol-related problems in pharmacy students. Keywords: Alcohol Drinking. Students, Pharmacy. United States.
Domain conversion with local posteriors for image segmentation

The estimates of the posterior probabilities of the attributes in the image are widely used as criteria for image segmentation. The methods using this measure, however, suffer from intrinsic errors that occur around the boundary between regions. The errors are caused by estimating the posterior probabilities over the entire image. To resolve this problem, we define novel local posterior probabilities to better capture the local characteristics and then use them in an iterative segmentation process. Furthermore, the image itself is converted to another image in a new domain by a domain conversion method. It is shown that the converted image in the new domain is less susceptible to intrinsic errors.
Low Probability of Intercept Antenna Array Beamforming

A novel transmit array beamforming approach is introduced that offers low probability of intercept (LPI) for surveillance radar systems employing phased array antennas. Radar systems are often highly visible to intercept receivers due to the inherent two-way versus one-way propagation loss. In this paper, the traditional high-gain antenna beam scanned across a search region is replaced with a series of low-gain, spoiled beams. Keeping the transmit antenna gain low reduces the radar visibility, but the radar's antenna performance remains unchanged as the original high-gain beam can be formed by processing the set of spoiled beams. Large transient power density radiated in a traditional scan is replaced with low power density persistently radiated at the target throughout the scan time. The detection performance of the radar is not affected since the total energy on the target is the same. Derivation of the complex weights to synthesize the high-gain patterns from the low-gain basis patterns is presented for both one-way and two-way beam patterns.
Longevity and reproduction of Daphnia pulex (de Geer) exposed to cadmium-contaminated food or water☆

Abstract The effect of cadmium on the survival and reproductive capacity of Daphnia pulex was determined. Cadmium was present either in the water at chronic (1–30 μg Cd/litre) and acute (40–90 μg Cd/litre) levels or in the algal food source, Chlorella pyrenoidosa . The average longevity of D. pulex was not affected by exposure to 1 μg Cd/litre but it was reduced in a dose-dependent manner between 5 and 30 μg Cd/litre. Exposure to cadmium had no effect on the number of days to onset or frequency of reproduction but it did cause a reduction in the percentage of adults producing young, the number of broods per adult, the number of young per brood, the number of progeny per adult, the intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r ), and the mean generation time ( T ). Cadmium-laden Chlorella caused the same effects as did exposure to 1 μg Cd/litre.
NAD(P) Dependent Dehydrogenases

NAD(P)H is the major carrier of reducing equivalents in cells. NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases and reductases catalyze the reversible transfer of hydrogen equivalents between substrates and NAD(P). These enzymes include alcohol dehydrogenases, 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, amino acid dehydrogenases, secondary amine dehydrogenases, disulfide oxidoreductases, transhydrogenases, azoreductases, sulfite and nitrite reductases, and phosphite dehydrogenase. NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases are structurally diverse, but many contain a Rossmann fold for NAD(P) binding. Usually, alcohol dehydrogenases contain an essential metal ion cofactor that serves as a Lewis acid for substrate activation. However, most dehydrogenases use general acid/base catalysis to activate substrates for reaction. NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases have been used in biocatalysis for stereoselective reductions of ketones and imines to give chiral alcohols and amines, respectively. Several important drug targets (e.g., dihydrofolate reductase) are NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases.
Intra-Membrane Surface Flow in Response to Protein Induced Spontaneous Curvature

Lipid bilayers are unique in their biophysical properties. They are fluid in-plane and solid in bending. While traditional models use the Helfrich approach to model the elastic deformations of the bilayer membrane, these approaches only provide insight into the equilibrium configurations of the elastic deformations of the membrane. But many membrane deformations are dynamic and occur in response to protein binding. To capture these effects, it is important to model the viscoelastic properties of the lipid bilayer rather than the elastic bending alone. We have recently developed a model that accounts for the elastic bending behavior of the membrane and captures the flow of lipids on the surface of the membrane in response to a driving force.One important component in membrane deformations is the binding of proteins to the membrane surface. We use the viscous-elastic model of the bilayer membrane to capture the dynamics of membrane shape change in response to protein binding. The binding of proteins to the membrane is modeled as a kinetic process, and the surface density of the protein is assumed to be proportional to the spontaneous curvature of the membrane in that region. Numerical simulations show that binding of proteins changes the shape of the membrane and induces lipid flow from the boundaries. to allow for the increase in surface area of the membrane. Additionally, the surface pressure field evolves from a homogeneous distribution to an inhomogeneous distribution. Together,these results capture the dynamics of lipid flow and surface evolution in response to protein binding.
First-Principles Studies and Predictions of Scintillation in Ce-Doped Materials

A theoretical approach based on first-principles calculations is used to select candidate Ce activated scintillator materials for synthesis. Our theoretical approach involves the calculation of the ground state band structure of the Ce-doped material as well as the calculation of the (Ce3+)* excited state. From our theoretical studies of known scintillators and non-scintillators we have developed a set of criteria that are necessary characteristics of bright Ce activated scintillators. Applying these criteria to new compounds we were able to successfully predict that Ba2YCl7 : Ce would be a bright scintillator.
Characterization of the Si/Diamond Interface

Auger spectroscopy is used to determine the bonding states of carbon in the interfacial region between silicon and PECVD diamond films. SiC and sp 2 -hybridized carbon are observed. We suggest a possible growth sequence for diamond films to account for the interfacial layer.
Noise component in muzzle voltage traces

The muzzle voltage in a solid-armature railgun is an important diagnostic because it can provide information about the state of the rail/armature interface. Large changes in amplitude in the muzzle voltage usually indicate a transition from nonarcing to arcing contact. Medium and small amplitude changes are also observed in the muzzle voltage. Although the meaning of these is less understood, it has been suggested that these too might contain information about the condition of the rail/armature interface. This paper reports on an experiment in which features of the muzzle voltage trace were correlated to physical features of the launcher that most likely perturbed the inductance gradient of the gun. Although we could not conclusively determine which specific physical features make the majority of the contributions, our results suggest that physical features of the railgun do account for aspects of the secondary structure in our muzzle voltage traces.
Confocal microscopy based agile optical endoscope using liquid crystals

Confocal microscopy can provide a noninvasive mechanism for imaging objects with sub-micron resolution. This paper focuses on the use of LC optics for confocal endoscopy. Specifically, an agile optical endoscope design is proposed using LCs, including design options that enable video rate 3-D imaging.
The Role of Uncertainty of Outcome and Scoring in the Determination of Fan Satisfaction in the NFL

Fan satisfaction with individual sports games is likely to be an important indicator of future sales of tickets, television and radio advertising, and team merchandise sales. For the 2009-2010 National Football League (NFL) season, NFL.com, the official website of the NFL, had fans enter a ‘‘fan rating’’ for each game of the season. This rating was on a scale of 0—100 with 100 being the most memorable. Using these figures, the authors test the economic hypotheses of the importance of uncertainty of outcome during the game and overall points scored by both teams in the game. As expected, the margin of victory in the game was shown to have a negative and significant effect on the fan rating, implying that fans enjoy uncertainty of outcome as the game is played. In addition, higher scoring games led to higher fan ratings than lower scoring games, implying fan preference for scoring.
Imaging in Aerosol Medicine

Imaging techniques have been used extensively to study the delivery of inhaled medications. Deposition scintigraphy involves the quantification of deposited aerosol dose and is performed using 2-dimensional planar or 3-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. Planar techniques have an extensive history of use, and quantification methods are well established. SPECT and PET techniques can provide better dose localization, but quantification is more complex, and the techniques are in more limited use. Aerosols have also been used to deliver radiopharmaceutical probes for the imaging of lung physiology. These studies include measurements of ventilation, mucus and cough clearance, and, more recently, liquid absorption in the airways. Clearance measurements have been used to assess therapeutic response in conditions such as cystic fibrosis. Future directions in aerosol-based imaging are likely to include use of novel probes to measure new physiological processes in the lung, more thorough integration of anatomical imaging, and use of multiple probes to simultaneously image drug and disease or interacting physiological processes.
5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: a genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression

Carriers of the short allele of a functional 5¢ promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene have increased anxietyrelated temperamental traits, increased amygdala reactivity and elevated risk of depression. Here, we used multimodal neuroimaging in a large sample of healthy human subjects to elucidate neural mechanisms underlying this complex genetic association. Morphometrical analyses showed reduced gray matter volume in short-allele carriers in limbic regions critical for processing of negative emotion, particularly perigenual cingulate and amygdala. Functional analysis of those regions during perceptual processing of fearful stimuli demonstrated tight coupling as a feedback circuit implicated in the extinction of negative affect. Short-allele carriers showed relative uncoupling of this circuit. Furthermore, the magnitude of coupling inversely predicted almost 30% of variation in temperamental anxiety. These genotype-related alterations in anatomy and function of an amygdalacingulate feedback circuit critical for emotion regulation implicate a developmental, systems-level mechanism underlying normal emotional reactivity and genetic susceptibility for depression. Depression is among the four leading causes of disability and disease burden throughout the world and is associated with serious medical conditions and mortality across the lifespan 1,2 . The importance of serotonergic neurotransmission for the pathogenesis of depression is suggested clinically by the efficacy of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line treatment of depression and most related anxiety disorders 1 and by induction of depression by tryptophan depletion in susceptible individuals 2 . Post-mortem and in vivo studies of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and receptors support a role for this neurotransmitter system in depression and anxiety disorders 1 . Further
The Steroid/Peptide Theory of Social Bonds: Integrating testosterone and peptide responses for classifying social behavioral contexts

Hormones, and hormone responses to social contexts, are the proximate mechanisms of evolutionary pathways to pair bonds and other social bonds. Testosterone (T) is implicated in tradeoffs relevant to pair bonding, and oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are positively tied to social bonding in a variety of species. Here, we present the Steroid/Peptide Theory of Social Bonds (S/P Theory), which integrates T and peptides to provide a model, set of predictions, and classification system for social behavioral contexts related to social bonds. The S/P Theory also resolves several paradoxes apparent in the literature on social bonds and hormones: the Offspring Defense Paradox, Aggression Paradox, and Intimacy Paradox. In the S/P Theory, we partition aggression into antagonistic and protective aggression, which both increase T but exert distinct effects on AVP and thus social bonds. Similarly, we partition intimacy into sexual and nurturant intimacy, both of which increase OT and facilitate social bonds, but exert distinct effects on T. We describe the utility of the S/P Theory for classifying 'tricky' behavioral contexts on the basis of their hormonal responses using partner cuddling, a behavior which is assumed to be nurturant but increases T, as a test case of the S/P Theory. The S/P Theory provides a comparative basis for conceptualizing and testing evolved hormonal pathways to pair bonds with attention to species, context, and gender/sex specificities and convergences. Language: en
Growth of self-assembled ZnO nanowire arrays

This paper reports on ZnO nanowires arrays synthesized using Sn as a catalyst. The Sn particles were produced from the reduction of SnO2 powders via a vapour-solid growth process. Control of growth conditions led to the formation of ZnO nanowire arrays, radial nanowire ‘flowers’ and uniaxial fuzzy nanowires. ZnO nanowire–nanobelt junctions were also grown by changing the growth direction. As-grown nanowire arrays could be fundamental materials for investigating physical and chemical properties at nano-scale dimensions.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of ammonia on supported cobalt catalysts

Abstract The effect of ammonia in syngas on the performance of various supported cobalt catalysts (i.e., Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2) was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The addition of ammonia (10 ppmv NH3) caused a significant deactivation for all supported cobalt catalysts, but the rate of deactivation was higher for the silica-supported catalysts relative to the alumina and titania-supported catalysts used in this work. Ammonia addition had a positive effect on product selectivity (i.e., lower light gas products and higher C5+) for alumina and titania-supported catalysts compared to ammonia free conditions, whereas, the addition of ammonia increased lighter hydrocarbon (C1–C4) products and decreased higher hydrocarbon (C5+) selectivity compared to ammonia-free synthesis conditions for the silica-supported catalyst. For alumina and titania-supported catalysts, the activity almost recovered with mild in-situ hydrogen treatment of the ammonia exposed catalysts. For the silica-supported catalyst, the loss of activity is somewhat irreversible (i.e., cannot be regained after the mild hydrogen treatment). Addition of ammonia led to a significant loss in BET surface area and changes in pore diameter (consistent with pore collapse of a fraction of pores into the microporous range as described in the literature), as well as formation of catalytically inactive cobalt support compounds for the silica-supported catalyst. On the other hand, the pore characteristics of alumina and titania-supported catalysts were not significantly changed. XANES results of the ammonia exposed silica-supported catalysts further confirm the formation of cobalt-support compounds (cobalt silicates).
Task Sharing Implant Insertion by Community Health Workers: Not Just Can It Work, but How Might It Work Practically and With Impact in the Real World.

Demonstrating that a health service such as providing contraceptive implants can be safely task shared to less highly trained workers is crucial but is only one step toward effective implementation at scale. Providers need dedicated time enough clients supplies supervision and other system support allowing them to maintain their competency confidence and productivity.
Industrial Buyers’ Decision-Making Styles:

This study identified three decision-making styles of industrial buyers and found that an individual's need for certainty appears to be an important influence upon choice under conditions of uncert...
Atomic Scale Surface Structure of Pt/Cu(111) Surface Alloys

Pt–Cu bimetallic alloys are a key component in many heterogeneous catalysts that have the potential to be used in a range of industrially important reactions. Given the catalytic differences between Pt and Cu, the surface composition and geometry of Pt–Cu alloys can have a large influence on their chemistry. Extensive characterization of bulk Pt–Cu alloys has been performed; however, only a few studies have addressed surface and subsurface alloying of Pt with Cu, and none have examined the atomic scale surface structure of Pt–Cu. In this study, scanning tunneling microscopy was used to determine the local structure of surface alloys formed by physical vapor deposition of Pt onto Cu(111) over a range of alloying temperatures (315–550 K). Our results indicated that Pt and Cu were capable of intermixing at 315 K and forming multiple metastable states. Increasing the temperature of the Cu surface during the deposition of Pt altered the surface geometry and further enhanced the dispersion of Pt. The results ar...
So This Is Censorship: Race, Sex, and Censorship in Movies of the 1920s and 1930s

The curious case of So This Is Africa (Columbia, 1933) shows that both Hollywood's in-house censors and state and local censors took seriously cinematic violations of racial and sexual norms. This spoof of “jungle” films exploited audience interest in a cycle of fictional and nonfictional depictions of “primitive” life. These films claimed partial exemption from taboos against sexual and racial boundary-crossing, and usually showed unclothed “native” women. But So This Is Africa went further. However farcical, its suggestions of adultery, interracial sex, homosexuality, and even bestiality raised an unusually large storm among the censors. Cut by one-third, the film still outraged many and helped precipitate the industry's creation of the Production Code Administration, designed to police the screen more tightly.
Identification of peptides in human Hsp20 and Hsp27 that possess molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities

Previous studies have identified peptides in the ‘crystallin-domain’ of the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) α-crystallin with chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. We found that peptides in heat-shock protein Hsp20 (G71HFSVLLDVKHFSPEEIAVK91) and Hsp27 (D93RWRVSLDVNHFAPDELTVK113) with sequence homology to α-crystallin also have robust chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. Both peptides inhibited hyperthermic and chemically induced aggregation of client proteins. The scrambled peptides of Hsp20 and Hsp27 showed no such effects. The chaperone activities of the peptides were better than those from αA- and αB-crystallin. HeLa cells took up the FITC-conjugated Hsp20 peptide and, when the cells were thermally stressed, the peptide was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The two peptides inhibited apoptosis in HeLa cells by blocking cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and caspase-3 activation. We found that scrambling the last four amino acids in the two peptides (KAIV in Hsp20 and KTLV in Hsp27) made them unable to enter cells and ineffective against stress-induced apoptosis. Intraperitoneal injection of the peptides prevented sodium-selenite-induced cataract formation in rats by inhibiting protein aggregation and oxidative stress. Our study has identified peptides from Hsp20 and Hsp27 that may have therapeutic benefit in diseases where protein aggregation and apoptosis are contributing factors.
Research on JSP Database Connection Technology

The core problem of the Web system lies in its connection to database,the performance of which directly influences the whole system.The thesis concludes two ways of connecting to network database by using JSP and separately analyses some of their technology characteristics in details.
Interrogation and Treatment of Detainees in the Global War on Terror

This "Interrogation and Treatment" chapter of the collaborative effort by several military practitioners is intended to address the evolution of U.S. military interrogation and treatment standards from September 11th, 2001, to the present. It traces the development of U.S. military standards for treatment prior to the Global War on Terror, the impact of the 9/11 attacks on those standards, and the gradual restoration of Geneva Convention standards of treatment in the ensuing saga of law of war-based detention in Afghanistan, Guantanamo, and Iraq. The paper traces the application of the law of war to interrogation and treatment before and after Abu Ghraib, through the numerous investigations from Iraq and Afghanistan, and in the subsequent restoration of treatment standards. The chapter also addresses the contribution of U.S. military Judge Advocates to the policy debate in Washington and the application of this body of law in the field.
Introduction to the Article by Elers Koch: The Passing of the Lolo Trail

In 1935, Elers Koch argued in a Journal of Forestry article that a minimum fire protection model should be implemented in the backcountry areas of national forests in Idaho, USA. As a USDA Forest Service Supervisor and Assistant Regional Forester, Koch had led many major fire-fighting campaigns in the region, beginning with the great 1910 fires of Idaho and Montana. He argued in his classic article for wilderness values, and against throwing millions of dollars into unsuccessful attempts to suppress back-country fires. His article was accompanied by a response from Earl Love-ridge, a proponent of full fire suppression, who was a leader of fire control from the Forest Service Washington Office. Loveridge soon after successfully proposed what was to become known as the 10 AM Policy—a universal fire suppression policy that lasted into the 1970s. While Koch’s classic article was not immediately successful in bringing about the backcountry “let burn” fire policy he sought, it did contribute to the designation of the Selway-Bitterroot Primitive Area in 1936, which became a congressionally designated wilderness area in 1964 with the passing of the Wilderness Act. With that, the stage was set for a new era in Forest Service fire management, and in 1972 the White Cap Creek drainage in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness became the first exception to the 10 AM Policy, realizing Koch’s vision.
Toward a Better Beauty Regimen: Reducing Potential EDC Exposures from Personal Care Products.

As a high school student in Salinas, California, Irene Vera was part of the Youth Community Council, a project of the University of California, Berkeley, Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). This project aims to train local youth as environmental health leaders through research, education, and advocacy, and it was through the Youth Community Council that Vera learned about potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in personal care products. She and fellow council members worked with Kim Harley, an environmental health scientist at UC Berkeley, to study how teen girls are exposed to these chemicals and steps they can take to lower their exposures. 1
The Novel, Orally Available Multi-Kinase Inhibitor BAY 73-4506 in Multiple Myeloma

Agents targeting not only myeloma cells directly but also bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), endothelial cells, and osteoclasts (OCLs) that cause enhancement of tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, and MM bone disease, respectively, are promising new treatment modalities for multiple myeloma. Here we investigated the novel, orally available multi-kinase inhibitor BAY 73-4506 (BAY), currently in phase II clinical trials, for its therapeutic effect in MM. BAY is a potent inhibitor of angiogenic (VEGFR 1–3, PDGFR-β), as well as oncogenic, (cKIT, RET, FGFR, Raf) kinases We first tested the ability of BAY to suppress proliferation and survival in a wide array of MM cell lines, including those resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics. Our data show that BAY, in a low micromolar range that is well below concentrations achieved in patient plasma during the first clinical trial in solid tumors, induces apoptosis by caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation in all cell lines tested. Importantly, BAY also overcomes the growth advantage conferred in a BMSC-MM, as well as an endothelial cell-MM, co-culture system. BAY treatment abrogates growth factor-stimulated MEK, ERK and AKT phosphorylation at sub-micromolar concentrations. Since the VEGF signaling pathway is a potent inducer of angiogenesis and BAY targets VEGFR 1–3, we examined its anti-angiogenic properties. BAY inhibits endothelial cell growth and endothelial cell tubule formation in vitro at concentrations less than 1μM; moreover, it also markedly inhibited VEGF-induced cell migration on fibronectin. Activation of MAP kinase is a critical event during OCL differentiation, activation, and survival; and importantly, BAY also inhibits osteoclastogenesis, evidenced by blockade of M-CSF/RANKL-triggered differentiation of mononuclear cells to TRAP-positive osteoclasts. Finally, BAY significantly delays tumor growth and abrogates blood vessel formation in vivo in a xenograft mouse model of human MM. These in vitro and in vivo results provide the basis for further clinical evaluation of BAY to improve patient outcome in MM.
Protection of Wood: A Global Perspective on the Future

The current state of wood protection is briefly reviewed, and then the issues that are currently affecting preservative treatments are summarized. The strategies for addressing these issues are discussed in relation to the role of wood as a renewable building material. The potential for addressing biological attack, ultraviolet light degradation and dimensional stability in a single product are discussed in relation to the need to produce a longer-lasting material that retains the environmental attributes of wood.
Histotechnique and Staining Troubleshooting

This chapter deals with identification, distinction and correction of most of the potential sources of error introduced in the rendering of frozen section tissue sections.
Impact of Acid-Reducing Agents on the Pharmacokinetics of Palbociclib, a Weak Base With pH-Dependent Solubility, With Different Food Intake Conditions

Palbociclib free base capsule is a weak base drug with highly pH-dependent solubility. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the impact of acid-reducing agents on exposure of palbociclib and determined whether the impact, if any, can be mitigated by food. A drug-drug interaction study (study 1) was conducted first under fasted conditions and showed that coadministration of multiple doses of the proton-pump inhibitor rabeprazole substantially reduced palbociclib mean area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity and maximum observed plasma concentration by 62% and 80%, respectively. In vitro assessment suggested that the presence of bile salt mixed micelles to mimic the fed state can significantly enhance the solubility of palbociclib. Subsequently, study 2 was conducted under fed conditions and demonstrated that coadministration of rabeprazole decreased palbociclib maximum observed plasma concentration by 41% but had limited impact on area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (13% decrease). This study also showed that the histamine-2 receptor antagonist famotidine and local antacid with staggered dosing had no impact on palbociclib exposure under fed conditions. Food intake effectively mitigated the impact of acid-reducing agents on palbociclib exposure. Palbociclib free base capsule should be taken with food, and acid-reducing agent use does not need to be avoided.
Unternehmensübergreifende Informationslogistik in der Automobilindustrie

Kurzfassung Die Koordination unternehmensubergreifender Logistiknetzwerke stellt ein wesentliches Kriterium dar, um sich von anderen Wettbewerbern zu differenzieren. Die Fokussierung der Unternehmen auf ihre individuellen Kernkompetenzen hat zu einer verstarkten Untergliederung des Wertschopfungsprozesses gefuhrt. Damit stehen weniger einzelne Unternehmen, sondern vermehrt ganze Wertschopfungsketten im Wettbewerb zueinander. Eine untergliederte Wertschopfungskette als Verbund von rechtlich und organisatorisch selbststandigen Unternehmen erschwert die informatorische Integration sowie die unternehmensubergreifende Transparenz an planungs- und steuerungsrelevanten Logistikinformationen. Durch den Wettbewerb ganzer Wertschopfungsketten besteht die Herausforderung, ein unternehmensubergreifendes Gesamtoptimum hinsichtlich Kosten, Liefermengen und -zeiten sowie Bestanden zu realisieren.
Update on Immunohistochemical Analysis in Breast Lesions.

Context.— The utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast lesions needs to be updated with exceptions among these lesions. Biomarker studies with IHC in triple-negative breast carcinoma may help develop targeted therapies for this aggressive breast cancer. The distinction of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the breast and invasive breast carcinoma has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. The determination can be challenging because both primary tumors can express estrogen receptor and/or HER2 by IHC, creating a diagnostic dilemma. Objectives.— To provide a practical update on the use of IHC markers in differential diagnoses in breast lesions, including benign, atypical, precancerous, and malignant tumors; to highlight recently published research findings on novel IHC markers in triple-negative breast carcinoma cases; and to reinforce the importance of IHC use as an ancillary tool in distinguishing metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the breast from primary breast carcinoma using real ca...
A 2-bit and 3-bit metamaterial absorber-based compressive reflector antenna for high sensing capacity imaging

This paper describes a new coded sensing system used for imaging metallic objects in its near-field region. The presented system is composed of a compressive reflector antenna (CRA) coated with metamaterial absorbers (MMAs), in order to generate spatial and spectral codes in the imaging domain. The codes are designed to reduce the mutual information between the successive measurements, which results in a higher sensing capacity of the system. The performance of the proposed MMA-based CRA is compared to that of the traditional reflector antenna (TRA) without MMAs. Numerical examples for imaging PEC targets in the near-field of the coded system are presented. The results show that both sensing capacity and imaging performance of the MMA-based CRAs is enhanced when compared to that of the TRA.