cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic Libraries on the Front Lines: Advancing the Library through a Partnership with the U.S. Army

Collaboration between Kansas State University (K-State) Libraries and the U.S. Army has enhanced library service to library customers, enriched the training of deploying troops, and improved the libraries’ ability to serve the growing number of international students at K-State. The partnership has benefited the K-State Libraries and the Directorate of Cultural Influence & Counterinsurgency by demonstrating to university and military leadership that academic libraries and military units can move beyond their traditional roles and succeed in meeting the challenges of nontraditional missions.
New directions in pain assessment and treatment

Abstract Psychological and behavioral methods have played an active role in shaping current approaches to the assessment and treatment of pain. This article assumes familiarity with the more traditional forms of psychological intervention for pain and reviews the developments of the past 3–5 years. The pain assessment section focuses on epidemiological approaches to chronic pain, objective measures of pain behavior, analysis of social and emotional factors, and analysis of cognitive factors affecting pain. The treatment section of the article focuses on early intervention for chronic pain, pain management in children, and cognitive-behavioral treatments for arthritis pain. Each section concludes with comments and potential directions for the future.
Fluorescence excitation studies of anthracene employing vacuum uv synchrotron radiation

Abstract Reported here are preliminary results of our investigation of the excitation and fluorescence spectra of crystalline anthracene at 200°K using synchrotron radiation in the range 300 to 2400 A.
Selective Inhibition by α-Tocopherol of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

Abstract An early event in atherogenesis is the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium via adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). It has been suggested that VCAM-1 plays a very important role in recruitment of monocytes in atherosclerosis. Several studies suggest that vitamin E has antiatherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism of its antiatherogenic effect awaits elucidation. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether α-tocopherol can influence expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and endothelial adhesiveness. The study was performed on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were pretreated with α-tocopherol (50 μmol/l) in different times before stimulation with TNFα (100 U/ml) or IL-1β (100 U/ml). Protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was measured by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of VCAM-1 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). α-Tocopherol time dependently reduced agonist-induced VCAM-1 in both surface protein (about 40%, 48 h) and mRNA (about 35%, 48 h) expression in HUVEC but not ICAM-1 surface protein expression. Inhibitory effect of α-tocopherol was dependent on culture condition of HUVEC. Decreased VCAM-1 expression was associated with reduction (about 40%) of adherence between cytokine-stimulated HUVEC and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC). Our results suggest that the antiatherogenic effect of α-tocopherol may in part be due to a downregulation of VCAM-1 expression.
Seed flotation and germination of salt marsh plants: The effects of stratification, salinity, and/or inundation regime

Abstract We examined the effects of cold stratification and salinity on seed flotation of eight salt marsh species. Four of the eight species were tested for germination success under different stratification, salinity, and flooding conditions. Species were separated into two groups, four species received wet stratification and four dry stratification and fresh seeds of all species were tested for flotation and germination. Fresh seeds of seven out of eight species had flotation times independent of salinity, six of which had average flotation times of at least 50 d. Seeds of Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens had the shortest flotation times, averaging 24 and 26 d, respectively. Following wet stratification, the flotation time of S. alterniflora seeds in higher salinity water (15 and 36 ppt) was reduced by over 75% and germination declined by more than 90%. Wet stratification reduced the flotation time of Distichlis spicata seeds in fresh water but increased seed germination from 2 to 16% in a fluctuating inundation regime. Fresh seeds of Iva frutescens and S. alternflora were capable of germination and therefore are non-dormant during dispersal. Fresh seeds of I. frutescens had similar germination to dry stratified seeds ranging 25–30%. Salinity reduced seed germination for all species except for S. alterniflora. A fluctuating inundation regime was important for seed germination of the low marsh species and for germination following cold stratification. The conditions that resulted in seeds sinking faster were similar to the conditions that resulted in higher germination for two of four species.
HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN DOGS WITH MILD AND SEVERE CARDIAC DAMAGE

PATIENTS with uncompensated congestive heart failure exhibit conspicuous salt and water retention with ascites and edema. It is possible to reproduce typical right-sided cardiac failure in dogs by combining damage to the tricuspid valve with stenosis of the pulmonary artery (1, 2). Damage to the tricuspid valve alone, while causing no overt salt and water retention, does increase venous pressure and total exchangeable sodium and decrease the ability to excrete a salt load (3, 4). Because of this disturbed control of salt and water excretion, we have compared histologically the adrenal glands from dogs with mild valvular damage and from dogs with frank congestive heart failure with those from normal dogs to determine whether or not the adrenal cortex undergoes any histological alterations in association with the production of cardiac insufficiency. methods Ten experimental dogs, used over periods of months to study other parameters of cardiac insufficiency, were killed and their adrenal glands were fixed f...
Effect of Interferon-Alpha-2b on Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Purpose Patients undergoing enucleation and adjuvant interferon therapy for giant cell jaw tumors have been observed to exhibit exuberant bone formation in the resultant defects. We hypothesize that interferon promotes bone formation by enhancing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and by stimulating osteoblasts. This is a preliminary study to determine the effects of interferon on porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) in culture. Materials and Methods Isolated pMSCs were grown under the following conditions: 1 ) MSCs alone (negative control); 2 ) MSCs + osteogenic supplements (positive control); and 3 ) MSCs + interferon (experimental). Cell cultures were evaluated morphologically, by quantitative DNA analysis, and quantitative and qualitative alkaline phosphatase analysis. Results Cells treated with interferon exhibited a slower but constant proliferation rate, did not clump, and produced more alkaline phosphatase as compared with the negative control. Conclusion The data indicate that interferon may act to differentiate MSCs into osteoblasts and to stimulate metabolic activity while not increasing the proliferation rate.
Influence of Lipid Membrane Rigidity on Properties of Supporting Polymer

Temperature-sensitive hydrogel polymers are utilized as responsive layers in various applications. Although the polymer's native characteristics have been studied extensively, details concerning its properties during interaction with biorelated structures are lacking. This work investigates the interaction between a thermoresponsive polymer cushion and different lipid membrane capping layers probed by neutron reflectometry. N-isopropylacrylamide copolymerized with methacroylbenzophenone first supported a lipid bilayer composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) and subsequently 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). The polymer-membrane systems were investigated above and below the polymer transition temperature (37 and 25°C). Although the same cushion supported each lipid membrane, the polymer hydration profile and thickness were markedly different for DPPE and DPPC systems. Because DPPE and DPPC have different bending rigidities, these results establish that the polymer-membrane interaction is critically mediated by the mechanics of the membrane, providing better insight into cell-hydrogel interactions.
A spectral multidomain method for the solution of hyperbolic systems

A multidomain Chebyshev spectral collocation method for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations has been developed. Though spectral methods are global methods, an attractive idea is to break a computational domain into several subdomains, and a way to handle the interfaces is described. The multidomain approach offers advantages over the use of a single Chebyshev grid. It allows complex geometries to be covered, and local refinement can be used to resolve important features. For steady-state problems it reduces the stiffness associated with the use of explicit time integration as a relaxation scheme. Furthermore, the proposed method remains spectrally accurate. Results showing performance of the method on one-dimensional linear models and one- and two-dimensional nonlinear gas-dynamics problems are presented.
A general procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of the minor tobacco alkaloids nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine.

The minor tobacco alkaloids nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine fromNicotiana tobacum are known to possess nicotinic receptor agonist activity, although they are relatively less potent than S-(−)-nicotine, the principal tobacco alkaloid. Previous pharmacological investigations and structure-activity studies have been limited owing to the lack of availability of the optically pure forms of these minor alkaloids. We now report a 2-step synthetic procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of the optical isomers of nornicotine and anabasine, and a modified procedure for the synthesis of anatabine enantiomers. These procedures involve initial formation of the chiral ketimine resulting from the condensation of either 1R, 2R, 5R-(+)- or 1S, 2S, 5S-(−)-2-hydroxy-3-pinanonewith3-(aminomethyl)pyridine followed by enantioselective C-alkylation with an appropriate halogenoalkane or halogenoalkene species, N-deprotection, and base-catalyzed intramolecular ring closure, to form the appropriate, chirally pure minor tobacco alkaloid. Using this approach, theR-(+)-andS-(−)-enantiomers of the above minor tobacco alkaloids were obtained in good overall chemical yield and excellent enantomeric excess.
Within-Host Nucleotide Diversity of Virus Populations: Insights from Next-Generation Sequencing

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology offers new opportunities for understanding the evolution and dynamics of viral populations within individual hosts over the course of infection. We review simple methods for estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity in viral genes from NGS data without the need for inferring linkage. We discuss the potential usefulness of these data for addressing questions of both practical and theoretical interest, including fundamental questions regarding the effective population sizes of within-host viral populations and the modes of natural selection acting on them.
Sulfide oxidation coupled to ATP synthesis in chicken liver mitochondria.

Chicken liver mitochondria consumed O2 at an accelerated rate when supplied with low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Maximum respiration occurred in 10 μM sulfide, and continued more slowly up to concentrations as high as 60 μM. Sulfide oxidation was coupled to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, as shown by firefly luciferase luminescence and by measurement of the mitochondrial membrane electrochemical gradient. Synthesis of ATP required low, steady-state concentrations of sulfide (<5 μM), which were maintained by use of a syringe pump. The ratio of consumed O2 to sulfide changed at low sulfide and O2 concentrations, indicating alternative metabolic reactions and products. In low concentrations of sulfide, presumably most similar to physiological, the O2/sulfide ratio was 0.75. This is the first report of sulfide oxidation linked to ATP synthesis in any organism not specifically adapted to a sulfide-rich environment. We suggest that this may be a widespread mitochondrial trait, and that it is consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondria originated from sulfide-oxidizing symbionts.
Association between serum uric acid level and chronic liver disease in the United States

Elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels strongly reflect and may even cause oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for the progression of liver disease. We sought to determine whether serum UA levels are associated with the development of cirrhosis or the presence of elevated serum liver enzymes. We used cohort data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) to determine whether the baseline serum UA level was associated with the incidence of hospitalization or death due to cirrhosis among 5518 participants during a mean follow-up of 12.9 years (range = 4-21 years) after the exclusion of the first 4 years of follow-up. We also used cross-sectional data from NHANES 1988-1994 (n = 10,993) and NHANES 1999-2006 (n = 6186) to determine whether the serum UA level was associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), two markers of hepatic necroinflammation. Compared to persons in the lower third of the distribution of serum UA ( 6 mg/dL) had a higher risk of cirrhosis-related hospitalization or death [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.3-5.7], whereas the risk was not substantially increased in persons within the middle third (serum UA level = 2.6-4.8 mg/dL, AHR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.6-2.7). A higher serum UA level was associated with greater mean serum ALT and GGT levels and a greater probability of elevated serum ALT and GGT. Conclusion: The serum UA level is associated with the development of cirrhosis and the presence of elevated serum liver enzymes after adjustments for important causes and risk factors of chronic liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Turbulent Dispersion of Heavy Particles With Nonlinear Drag

The analysis of Reeks for particle dispersion in isotropic turbulence is extended so as to include a nonlinear drag law. The principal issue is the evaluation of the inertial time constants, β - α 1 , and the mean slip. Unlike what is found for the Stokesian drag, the time constants are functions of the slip velocity and are anisotropic. For settling velocity, V T, much larger than root-mean-square of the fluid velocity fluctuations, u 0, the mean slip is given by V T. For V T → 0, the mean slip is related to turbulent velocity fluctuation by assuming that fluctuations in βα are small compared to the mean value. An interpolation formula is used to evaluate βα and V T in regions intermediate between conditions of V T → 0 and V T >> u 0. The limitations of the analysis are explored by carrying out a Monte-Carlo simulation for particle motion in a pseudo turbulence described by a Gaussian distribution and Kraichnan's energy spectrum.
A Methodology for Examining the Role of Adaptive Expertise on CAD Modeling

Computer-aided design (CAD) tools play a significant role in the modern product commercialization environment. As CAD and general CAx technology advances, it becomes more important to understand how engineers adapt their expertise to new environments and problems. This work examines a methodology consisting of a set of surveys, interviews, and exercises with a small group of practicing engineers to assess adaptive expertise (AE) and relate this AE to CAD modeling performance and procedures. Results detail AE survey results, a modeling and alteration exercise, and an exercise where engineers are asked to model a component using a CAD platform they are unfamiliar with. Interview and time use (from screen capture videos) results from this exercise are presented along with other data. Correlations among AE survey and interview variables and model analysis variables are presented. The epistemology dimension of the AE survey was found to be negatively correlated with both original modeling and alteration time. Overall modeling time in the different platform was positively correlated with the percentage of time a participant spent engaging in trial and error; modeling time in the different platform was negatively correlated with percentage of time spent doing actual modeling and the time spent thinking.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A framework to add incentives for managements after CO2 injections

Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has an issue in the managements after CO 2 injection into geological formations, while CCS is expected to contribute large emission reductions in terms of cost-effectiveness. The incentives to conduct CO 2 monitoring and to prevent CO 2 leakage for long time should be considered as well as those for CO 2 injection. This paper proposes a baseline-credit scheme for the purpose and discussed its virtues and shortcomings. The scheme is similar to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) scheme for preventing deforestation. In addition, numerical example calculations for the expected monitoring costs under the scheme were shown.
Laser durability studies of high index immersion fluids: fluid degradation and optics contamination effects

An extension of water-based immersion lithography involves replacing water with a higher index transparent oil. Understandably, potential lens contamination is a major concern for an all-organic immersion fluid. We have constructed an experimental system for controlled irradiation of high index fluids, including capabilities for in-situ cleaning of potential deposits. We present results of laser-irradiation of several high index immersion fluid candidates. Using properly developed exposure metrics, we discuss implications for fluid lifetimes in an immersion system, with and without in-situ purification. Using our in-situ metrology, we are able to decouple bulk fluid degradation from window photocontamination for several fluids. We find a significant variation in optics contamination rate depending on the fluid tested. Even the slowest observed contamination rates would require some remediation strategies to remove the built-up deposit from the final element surface. We also present results of irradiation of model hydrocarbon compound fluids. Irradiation of these materials leads to fundamental understanding of underlying photochemistry, and also provides guidance in designing future generation high index fluids.
Hemiarthroplasty in a patient with severe systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology. This rare, chronic, multisystem disorder encompasses a number of variations leading to focal and systemic classifications, which includes features such as skin thickening. The changes within the skin microstructure have led to numerous surgical complications. In a review of the orthopedic literature, we found no reports describing surgical outcomes or the success of skin closures in procedures related to the hip for patients with scleroderma. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a history of scleroderma who underwent a bipolar hemiarthroplasty to repair a right transcervical femoral neck fracture. The risk factors associated with wound healing and effects of skin contractures in systemic sclerosis patients are reviewed.
Deepening Our Understanding of the New International Trade Environment: Discussion

International trade continues to be an important topic for the U.S. agricult~ual sector and its economic well-being, especially with the launching of a new round of negotiations following the World Trade 01-ganization (WTO) meeting in Doha. Agricultural issues are a prominent and controversial part of the new Doha round, as they became in the UI-uguay round when agriculture was included in a prominent way for the first time. In addition, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). negotiations for the Free Trade Area of the Americas, the U.S.-Chile agreement, and other trade agreements have had or will have major impacts on agriculture. Thus, a better understanding of international problems, issues, and policies is essential for the sector and for development of domestic sector policies and programs, including agricultural legislation being developed to replace the I996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act. Inter-national trade issues are important factors that affect legislative action. but international trade provisions, especially those of the WTO, are constraints that limit the scope of policies with respect to domestic subsidies, export subsidies, etc. The papers in this session contribute to a better uriderstanding of the complex and interrelated issues of domestic and foreign agricultural polices. They address three crucial aspects of trade and agriculture: (1) globalization and its effects on competitiveness. (2) foreign direct investment versus trade. and (3) exchange rate impacts on agricult~~ral tracie. They also indicate that these issues and problems are cotnplex. with varied. complex, and multidimensional options that cannot be easily resolved. There are several important topics that cannot be covered adequately in a single session. These include the environment, dornestic subsidies, export subsidies. and multifunctionality. Some of these issues are discussed in other sessions of these meetings.
Giving birth to evidence-based care for newborns

Benjamin Franklin is widely credited with saying, “In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes,” and it follows that birth is assumed to have occurred before these 2 events. In fact, as the authors of the Better Outcomes Through Research for Newborns (BORN) Delphi study1 note in this issue, birth is by far the most common reason for pediatric care in a hospital setting in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported that the rate of out-of-hospital births in the United States has risen to 1.36% in 2012,2 but most infants born in the United States are cared for in hospitals. As providers of care to newborns we must ask ourselves, “On what basis are we determining the best care for these infants?” For some practices, such as administering hepatitis B vaccine and vitamin K at the time …
Systems Approach to Developing a Climate Data Record from Satellite Observations

A Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of a body of information of some observable of the Earth's climate that is of sufficient information content and accuracy to allow climate science to be performed with this record now and in the distant future. We examine the generation of a hyperspectral infrared CDR for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument as good example. For the information to be accurate, extensive pre-flight and in-flight calibration and characterization is required for spatial, spectral, polarimetric and radiometric performance. Maintaining the accuracy in orbit requires either inherent stability, or the ability to stabilize the calibration using additional information such as an ocean buoy network, or ground calibration sites. In addition to having excellent data quality, documentation and archiving are also critical. Details of the instrument design and test procedures must be recorded. All data acquired during the preflight testing must be archived in a format and medium that will be accessible by computers several decades into the future. A Systems Engineering approach is used to define the requirements for the AIRS hyperspectral infrared climate data record, for performance, characterization, and documentation. Examples are given from the AIRS project activities on how the record can be created including a comprehensive drawing database, a document archive for all pre-flight and in-flight procedures and reports, software and data archiving, and instrument performance verification and validation for compliance with climate science requirements.
Pulsatile shear stress leads to DNA fragmentation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line

1. Using an in vitro model of shear stress-induced cell injury we demonstrate that application of shear to differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells leads to cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation. Controlled shear stress was applied to cells via a modified cone and plate viscometer. 2. We show that pulsatile shear stress leads to DNA fragmentation, as determined via flow cytometry of fluorescein-12-dUTP nick-end labelled cells, in 45 +/- 4 % of cells. No lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was observed immediately after injury; however, 24 h after injury significant LDH release was observed. 3. Nitric oxide production by cells subjected to pulsatile shear increased two- to threefold over that in unsheared control cells. 4. Inhibition of protein synthesis, nitric oxide production, Ca2+ entry into cells, and pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein activation attenuated the shear stress-induced cell injury. 5. Our results show for the first time that application of pulsatile shear stress to a neuron-like cell in vitro leads to nitric oxide-dependent cell death.
A mathematical solution for the probability of the paradox of voting.

The paradox of voting occurs when individual rank orders of three or more alternatives lead to an intransitive social ordering. This means, for example, that with a majority decision rule for voting between pairs of alternatives, it is possible that no alternative will receive a majority vote over all of the other alternatives. The a priori probability of the paradox, based on certain probability assumptions, has been sought in order to judge how serious the paradox is for societal decision-making. In this paper, the authors specify the model underlying these attempted calculations. In the process, new problems of interpretation are raised. Through the use of this model, a general solution for the probability of the paradox is derived, together with an approximation for computational convenience. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate the nontrivial probability of the paradox with a moderate number of alternatives and the assumption that all possible rank orders are equally likely.
Segmentation for English-to-Arabic Statistical Machine Translation

In this paper, we report on a set of initial results for English-to-Arabic Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). We show that morphological decomposition of the Arabic source is beneficial, especially for smaller-size corpora, and investigate different recombination techniques. We also report on the use of Factored Translation Models for English-to-Arabic translation.
Rebleeding and survival after acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Abstract Background Previous studies of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) have focused on evaluation and therapy. Measurement of long-term outcome has been rare. The purpose of this study was to document rebleeding and survival rates in patients with acute LGIB. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing technetium-labeled red blood cell scans for LGIB from January of 1997 to December of 2002 was performed. Rebleeding was defined as identification of enteric bleeding requiring a transfusion 2 or more weeks after the initial bleeding episode. Results A total of 119 patients met inclusion criteria. Rebleeding was documented in 14 of 102 patients surviving for more than 2 weeks. The actuarial rebleeding rate was 15% at 2 years. No factors were identified that portended a higher likelihood of rebleeding. The 30-day mortality was 18% and the median survival was 60 months for the entire cohort. Of the 36 patients in whom cause of death was documented, 4 died of surgical complications and a single patient died as a direct result of hemorrhage. Conclusions Rebleeding after an initial episode of LGIB occurs in a small percentage of individuals. Although survival is poor for patients with LGIB, few patients die as a direct consequence of hemorrhage.
Efficiently Securing Systems from Code Reuse Attacks

Code reuse attacks (CRAs) are recent security exploits that allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on a compromised machine. CRAs, exemplified by return-oriented and jump-oriented programming approaches, reuse fragments of the library code, thus avoiding the need for explicit injection of attack code on the stack. Since the executed code is reused existing code, CRAs bypass current hardware and software security measures that prevent execution from data or stack regions of memory. While software-based full control flow integrity (CFI) checking can protect against CRAs, it includes significant overhead, involves non-trivial effort of constructing a control flow graph, relies on proprietary tools and has potential vulnerabilities due to the presence of unintended branch instructions in architectures such as x86—those branches are not checked by the software CFI. We propose branch regulation (BR), a lightweight hardware-supported protection mechanism against the CRAs that addresses all limitations of software CFI. BR enforces simple control flow rules in hardware at the function granularity to disallow arbitrary control flow transfers from one function into the middle of another function. This prevents common classes of CRAs without the complexity and run-time overhead of full CFI enforcement. BR incurs a slowdown of about 2% and increases the code footprint by less than 1% on the average for the SPEC 2006 benchmarks.
Analysis of ultrashort pulsed FOPOs

Pulse propagation simulations of fiber-optical parametric oscillators reveal an interesting interplay between spectral filtering, synchronization delay, and pump power. Our analysis implies that generation of sub-20-fs pulses is possible.
Nonregular triangulations of products of simplices

We exhibit a nonregular triangulation for the product of two tetrahedra. This answers a question by Gel'fand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky. We also give a complete classification of the symmetry classes of regular triangulations of ź2×ź3. Our nonregular triangulation of ź3×ź3 can be extended to a nonregular triangulation of the six-dimensional cube. The four-dimensional cube is the smallest cube with a nonregular triangulation.
Dependence of Peak Power Threshold Upon /spl omega/M / /spl omega/

Recently it has been reported that a significant increase in peak power performance could be achieved in Iatching type ferrite phase shifters through the use of materials of low /spl omega//sub M///spl omega/,/spl omega//sub M/= /spl gamma/4/spl pi/M/sub s/. Because of the obvious importance of such a possibility, we decided to examine the dependence of peak power threshold upon /spl omega//sub M///spl omega/.
Electrical Characteristics of Tunicate Heart Cell Membranes and Nexuses

The tubular ascidian heart is composed of a single layer of cells joined together by apical (zonulae occludentes) and spot (maculae occludentes) nexuses. Intercalated discs or desmosomes were not observed in this tissue. Rectangular pulses of current were applied across the opened and flattened myocardium. Assuming that all the transepithelial current flowed through a uniform gap between cells, the resistivity in the gap must be very high compared to that in bulk solution. It is likely, therefore, that the gap width is of the order of an ionic radius or smaller. Assuming that all the transepithelial current flowed through the cells and that the inner and outer membranes had the same resistivity, the membrane resistivity was about 210 ohms cm2 and the membrane capacitance was about 1.6 µF per cm2. The myocardial cells were found to be in electrical continuity with each other through the nexuses since current could be passed through a strip of myocardium in a sucrose gap. Assuming that the longitudinal resistance of the cytoplasm was negligible, the cell-to-cell resistivity of the nexuses was 0.2 ohm cm2. It is concluded that the nexuses provide a low resistance pathway between cells and a transepithelial barrier.
Super Delegates: Impact on Trust in the Democratic Presidential Candidate Nomination Process

In 2008, approximately 20 percent of the delegates seated at the Democratic National Convention will be classified as super delegates. Super delegates are individuals who are not required to cast their votes for the democratic nominee according to their states primary caucus results. Super delegates are selected through an informal process by leadership in the Democratic National Committee based on their accomplishments as current or former elected officials. Super delegates have the ability to profoundly influence the outcome of the democratic candidate nomination process. Western democracies are characterized by fair and frequent elections. In theory, every vote counts and each individual has the same opportunity to influence the outcome of a primary or general election, however small. This philosophy, to a certain degree, should be applied to the democratic candidate nomination process. At no other time since the inception of the super delegate system has there been a device with the potential to have such a significant and adverse impact on faith and trust in the democratic presidential candidate nomination process. In theory, super delegates are given far greater influence in the democratic presidential nomination process than the average delegate. More importantly, the super delegates do not represent a true cross section of the voting population or the delegate pool. The primary goal of this paper is to determine the extent to which a system, which appears to run counter to the premise and philosophy of a fair and competitive democratic process, effects faith in the electoral system.
Assessing Graduate and Undergraduate Student Needs to Redesign a Chemistry Seminar Course

ABSTRACTThe Chemistry Seminar course at Rutgers University–Newark consists of newer graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students. To maximize student learning, the physical sciences librarian and professor assessed the knowledge and needs of both groups at the beginning of the course and utilized the results in course redesign. The course objectives of learning chemical information literacy skills to prepare for an oral presentation and engagement in department seminars remain of utmost importance, but addressing general curriculum gaps is also considered. Postcourse assessments show that students find the redesigned course highly useful and valuable for their short- and long-term needs.
Coupled Dipole Approximation for Modeling Large Scale Random Media

We extend the coupled dipole approximation to model optical properties of large scale slabs of inhomogeneous materials. This method handles various aspects of the structural morphology including composition, spatial distribution, inclusion size, and surface roughness.
Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment (P05.261)

Objective: To present a case of Superficial Siderosis of the CNS in a patient with bilateral internal jugular vein narrowing from an external compression of elongated styloid processes. Background Superficial Siderosis of CNS is an uncommon disorder that results from hemosiderin deposition in leptomeninges, subpial layers of brain, and spinal cord from chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The source of SAH is not identified in half of the cases. We present a case of superficial siderosis in a patient with bilateral jugular vein narrowing causing venous congestion from an external compression of styloid processes. Design/Methods: Case report from a tertiary medical center. Results: A 59 year old female presented with slowly progressive gait ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and episodic headaches for 6 months. MRI of brain and spinal cord revealed a pituitary adenoma and T2 hypointensity involving the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord consistent with superficial siderosis. CSF studies demonstrated elevated protein without xanthochromia. A dynamic cerebral venogram with extension and flexion views revealed severe bilateral internal jugular vein narrowing at the level of C1-C2, more severe with neck flexion, with considerable congestion of the paravertebral veins and spinal epidural venous plexus. Manometry study revealed an increased pressure gradient across the narrowing between the sigmoid sinuses and internal jugular veins, which was worse with neck flexion compared to neutral position. Computerized tomography angiography of the neck demonstrated elongated styloid processes with external compression of the internal jugular veins at the level of the narrowing. The patient was referred to surgery for styloidectomy. Conclusions: We present a case of superficial siderosis with possible etiology related to bilateral internal jugular vein narrowing leading to significant venous congestion from an external compression of elongated syloid processes. Disclosure: Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pandya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lazzaro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fitzsimmons has nothing to disclose.
On the Regularization and Stabilization of Approximation Schemes for C0-Semigroups

Many temporal discretization methods for linear evolution equations converge uniformly on compact time intervals at the rate \(\tfrac{1}{{{{n}^{\alpha }}}} \) only for sufficiently smooth initial data. It is shown that these methods can be regularized such that the new schemes converge ‘in the average’ at the rate \(\tfrac{1} {{n^a }} \) for all initial data. Examples given include the Crank-Nicholson scheme and the alternating direction implicit method.
RatCAVE: calibration of a projection virtual reality system

We have created a suite of automated tools to calibrate and configure a projection virtual reality system. Test subjects (rats) explore an interactive computer-graphics environment presented on a large curved screen using multiple projectors. The locations and characteristics of the projectors can vary and the shape of the screen may be complex. We place several cameras around the workspace for redundant coverage. We locate each projector's hotspot as seen by each camera, and produce a brightness profile which tells the projector how much to dim each pixel of its output to achieve uniform output. We reconstruct the 3D geometry of the screen and the location of each projector using shape-from-motion and structured-light multi-camera computer vision techniques. We determine which projected pixel corresponds to a given view direction for the rat. From these, we create a warping profile for each projector, which tells it how to pre-distort its output image to appear undistorted to the rat's viewpoint. We apply both pre-distortion and hotspot correction before displaying to the screen.
DNA Biosynthesis in Chloroplasts and Its Regulation: Studies on Isolated Chloroplasts and Chloroplast Extracts

During leaf development, chloroplasts are formed by the binary fission of pre-existing plastids (1); thus, replication of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) must occur to maintain an adequate amount in each organelle. The levels of ctDNA in plastids vary during plant development (2); the fraction of chloroplast DNA increases during early shoot development then stabilizes thereafter. The number of genome copies per plastid also increases early, however, they reach a maximum then decline as tissues mature. Such variation in the levels of ctDNA suggests that the capacity of chloroplasts to replicate their DNA changes during development. Here, we describe the use of both isolated intact pea chloroplasts and plastid extracts to study developmental changes in ctDNA biosynthesis.
‘Spiritually Inquisitive Images’ : Stevens’s Lyric Sequence about the roetic Process

‘The Man Whose Pharynx Was Bad’ (1921) might be conceived as the first lyric of a three-part 1921 lyric sequence which has a central place in Harmonium, although it did not appear until the second edition in 1931. I would like to suggest that we should read ‘The Man Whose Pharynx Was Bad’ as the first act of a three-act lyric monodrama, the second and third acts of which are respectively ‘Tea at the Palaz of Hoon’ and ‘The Snow Man’.
La Persia istoriata in Roma

This magisterial book, the fruit of a lifetime of study by Italy's foremost living Iranologist, offers an exhaustive study of the many ties that bind Persia's eternal civilization to the Eternal Ci...
Retail Food Store Access in Rural Appalachia: A Mixed Methods Study

Objective To describe how characteristics of food retail stores (potential access) and other factors influence self-reported food shopping behavior (realized food access) among low-income, rural Central Appalachian women. Design and Sample Cross-sectional descriptive. Potential access was assessed through store mapping and in-store food audits. Factors influencing consumers’ realized access were assessed through in-depth interviews. Results were merged using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach. Food stores (n = 50) and adult women (n = 9) in a rural Central Appalachian county. Results Potential and realized food access were described across five dimensions: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation. Supermarkets had better availability of healthful foods, followed by grocery stores, dollar stores, and convenience stores. On average, participants lived within 10 miles of 3.9 supermarkets or grocery stores, and traveled 7.5 miles for major food shopping. Participants generally shopped at the closest store that met their expectations for food availability, price, service, and atmosphere. Participants’ perceptions of stores diverged from each other and from in-store audit findings. Conclusions Findings from this study can help public health nurses engage with communities to make affordable, healthy foods more accessible. Recommendations are made for educating low-income consumers and partnering with food stores.
Endurance training lowers ribosome density despite increasing ribosome biogenesis markers in rodent skeletal muscle.

The purpose of this study was to examine if: (a) high sugar/high fat Western diet (WD)-feeding affects skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis markers in hyperphagic, diabetic-prone Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, and (b) 12 weeks of treadmill training rescued potential detriments that WD feeding exerted on these markers. Eight week-old male OLETF rats were fed a low-fat control diet (O-CON, n = 10) or high/sucrose/cholesterol Western diet (WD). At weeks 20–32 of age, WD-fed rats were divided into WD sedentary (O-WD/SED, n = 16), or WD treadmill trained (5 days/week, 60 min/day) (O-WD/EX, n = 10) conditions. Interestingly, total RNA (i.e., ribosome density) was 2.3-fold greater in O-WD/SED versus O-WD/EX rats (p = 0.003) despite levels of upstream binding factor protein, RNA polymerase I protein and pre-45S rRNA being greater in O-WD/EX rats. Ribophagy (USP10 and G3BP1) and TRAMP-exosome rRNA degradation pathway (EXOSC10 and SKIV2L2) proteins were assayed to determine if these pathways were involved with lower ribosome density in O-WD/EX rats. While USP10 was higher in O-CON versus O-WD/SED and O-WD/EX rats (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), G3BP1, EXOSC10 and SKIV2L2 did not differ between groups. Nop56 and Ncl mRNAs, ribosome assembly markers, were highest in O-WD/EX rats. However, Fbl mRNA and 28S rRNA, downstream ribosome processing markers, were lowest in O-WD/EX rats. Collectively these data suggest that, in WD-fed rats, endurance training increases select skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis markers. However, endurance training may reduce muscle ribosome density by interfering with rRNA processing and/or export through mechanisms independent of ribophagy or rRNA degradation.
Isomorphisms between fuchsian groups

Let G be a non-cyclic fucbsian group acting in the unit disk A. Then in general A is branched over a nowhere dense set of points b(G) in the Riemann surface S(G) : A/G. If y c S(G) b(G) is a loop with origin p and p E A lies over p~ the lift y* of y from p* terminates at T(p*) for some T E G; T is said to be determined by y. Two transformations determined by y are conjugate in Q. A boundary transformation is an element of G which is determined by a simple loop in S(G) b(G) which is retractable in S(G) b(g) to an ideal boundary component of S(G). Thus a boundary transformation is either hyperbolic or parabolic (since G is not finite cyclic) and every parabolic transformation is the power of a parabolic boundary transformation (e.g. [7]). In addition if a boundary transformation A ~ G satisfies A = B TM for some B E G then m = • (see [6]). The group G is finitely generated if and only if b(G) is a finite set and S(G) is the interior of a finitely punctured compact bordered surface (e.g. [5]). A homeomorphism f*: A--+g is said to induce an isomorphism 9: G--+H if #(A) = f*Af *-I for all A E g. If this is the case then f* projects to a homeomorphism f: S(G)--+S(H) which sends b(G) to b(H). Alternatively a homeomorphism f: S(G)b(G)--+S(H)b(H) is said to induce r if there is an extension f: S(G)--+S(H) and a lift f*: A--+A which induces # . Other choices of lifts will induce isomorphisms of the form A ~ T2~(TIAT[I)T~ I _ _ for T 1 E G, T 2 E H. Obviously such homeomorphisms f and f*
Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, ameliorates mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglion

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a significant side effect of chemotherapeutic agents and is the most common reason for stopping chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to find the major site and mechanisms of action by which rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, alleviates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel on four alternate days. Rolipram was administered systemically or locally into the lumbar spinal cord, L5 dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, or skin nerve terminal. The mechanical threshold, the protein level of several inflammatory cytokines, and the cellular locations of phosphodiesterase-4 and interleukin-1β in the dorsal root ganglion were measured by using behavioral testing, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The local administration (0.03-mg) of rolipram in the L5 dorsal root ganglion ameliorated paclitaxel-induced pain behavior more effectively than did local administration in the other sites. Paclitaxel significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (2.2 times) and interleukin-1β (2.7 times) in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion, and rolipram significantly decreased it. In addition, phosphodiesterase-4 and interleukin-1β were expressed in the dorsal root ganglion neurons and satellite cells and paclitaxel significantly increased the intensity of interleukin-1β (2 times) and rolipram significantly decreased it. These results suggest that the major site of action of rolipram on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats was the dorsal root ganglion. Rolipram decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglion. Thus, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors may ameliorate chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by decreasing expression of inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglion.
Regression Methods: A Tool for Data Analysis

(1981). Regression Methods: A Tool for Data Analysis. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 80-80.
Genomic evolution and acquired resistance to preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in rectal cancer.

613Background: Following pre-operative CRT for locally advanced rectal cancer, ~20% of patients achieve a pathologic complete response and 20-40% have little to no response (NR) at time of surgery....