cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering without the engine: An integrated panelized passive shading system for transparent façades

During the latter half of the last century, architects emphasized lightness and transparency in buildings, with trends towards fully glazed building envelopes, including glass facades, atriums and roof structures. However, these glass facades presented challenges such as, the structural design of the envelopes for safety, durability of joints, as well as daylight glare control, thermal insulation and solar heat gain. Today's changing paradigm for design, places an ever-greater emphasis on integrated solutions that are not only aesthetic and experiential, but embrace environmental influences. Environmental imperatives necessitate an agent for change that integrates environmental concerns with the human experience. Two contradictory factors influence the design of glass envelopes. On the one hand, stylist design overemphasizes the benefits of maximizing transparency (the desire to create ‘glass cathedrals'). This infatuation with transparency results in unintended consequences, namely, that glass facades are generally heavy and energy inefficient, resulting in solutions that are more expensive and wasteful of the planets resources. Therefore, there remain significant challenges for resolving the functional aspects in building facade designs. Whereas designs that are driven by pragmatic functional parameters are generally only concerned with the performance of a building, this in turn sacrifices the aesthetic form of a building in the interests of high performance.We address this conflicting issue by, considering both stylistic and pragmatic functionality, through an integrated passive solution. We address this by integrating "macro form” through function, related to occupancy and overall massing, with "micro configurations” through functional technology driven parameters. Thereby we adopt an integrative approach, which embraces multiple agents of interconnectivity that address aesthetics, energy, light, structure, materials, transparency, form and function. Our approach is to merge macro scale with microfunction thorough what we call a "functionally graded” facade system. The system passively integrates these multiple agents within a single customized solution that uniquely responds to the specifics of building program, site and geographical location. In this paper, we demonstrate how such a novel facade system may function at the intersections of architectural design - aesthetics - structural - energy performance and human comfort, as a an effective high performance solution for transparent facades, with an exciting range of expressive aesthetics.
Processing of perceptual information is more robust than processing of conceptual information in preschool-age children: Evidence from costs of switching

Is processing of conceptual information as robust as processing of perceptual information early in development? Existing empirical evidence is insufficient to answer this question. To examine this issue, 3- to 5-year-old children were presented with a flexible categorization task, in which target items (e.g., an open red umbrella) shared category membership with one test item (e.g., a folded umbrella) and perceptual characteristics with another test item (e.g., a red mushroom). Participants were instructed to either categorize stimuli by the same dimension (i.e., perceptual similarity or category membership) in both phases of the task, or switch from categorizing by one dimension to categorizing by the other dimension. Results pointed to a strong asymmetry in switch costs: conceptual switch costs were higher than perceptual switch costs. These results suggest that processing of perceptual information remains more robust than processing of conceptual information at least until 5 years of age.
Pre-precepting Residents on Matters of Importance for Today — The PROMPT Study

Context: Achieving the goals proposed in national screening guidelines for colon cancer is diffi­cult, especially in a primary care residency. The major vehicle for teaching outpatient medicine is the precepting process. Preceptors use their influence to teach guideline principles. Unfortunately, most precepting occurs after the visit and lost opportunities occur frequently. Objective: To test whether having preceptors discuss screening guidelines with residents prior to patient encounters (pre-precepting) could improve adherence to colon cancer prevention guide­lines. Design: Intervention trial: An historical control group of 100 randomly chosen patient charts were studied to see if United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for colon cancer screening were achieved. Faculty then pre-precepted 100 randomly chosen eligible patients with residents. Discussion with the patient and/or orders for screening tests were calculated from the residents’ notes. A survey of all participants was also done to gauge acceptance. Setting: A community health center for the medically underserved with approximately 13,000 pa­tients. We limited our intervention to active patients over the age of 50. Intervention: Preceptors selected eligible patients from resident appointment lists. USPSTF colon cancer screening guidelines were discussed prior to resident-patient encounters. Outcome Measures: A review of the pre-precepted charts determined the documented rate of discussion and /or screening. A satisfaction survey of residents and faculty was used to determine acceptance. Results: A statistically significant improvement was noted in the pre-precepted group as compared to the historical controls (p<0.05, X2 testing). Surveys of participants showed they accepted the new intervention. Conclusions: Screening for colon cancer can be improved by pre-precepting. A pilot study for quality improvement via pre-precepting was well accepted by both faculty and residents. A multi-center blinded trial should be considered to further test this technique. Keywords: Education, Residency, Family Practice, Precepting, Quality Improvement
Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathies.

Abstract Introduction Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare chronic granulomatous disorder of the skin associated with a monoclonal gammopathy. Patients and Methods The present report describes the findings from a single tertiary medical center retrospective study, including the clinical features of 35 patients with NXG and monoclonal gammopathy from 2000 to 2015 and their subsequent disease course and treatment response. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range, 26-88 years). Results Most patients had a plasma cell dyscrasia consisting of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in 28 patients and smoldering multiple myeloma in 5 patients; the remaining 2 patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia. An IgG isotype of monoclonal gammopathy was present in almost all the patients (97%). The most common site of cutaneous involvement of NXG was periorbital (66%). The treatments were heterogeneous and included excision, intralesional injection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 46 months (range, 4 to 234 months). The median overall survival had not been reached at the analysis, and 80% of the patients were still alive. Eight patients (23%) had disease progression to multiple myeloma at a median of 67 months (range, 21 to 107 months), demonstrating that although the clinical course is generally indolent, malignant transformation is not uncommon. At the last follow-up visit, 80% had signs of either clinical improvement or stable skin disease. Conclusion Cutaneous objective responses can be achieved with treatment of lymphoplasmacytic malignancies.
Collapse of a reproducing population of non-native African jewelfish (Hemichromis letourneuxi) in a Florida lake

Established populations of non-natives may collapse without a clear causal mechanism. Hypothetically, fluctuations in habitat structural complexity may influence dynamics of invaders and the biotic resistance offered by predators. Herein I report observations of the collapse of a reproducing population of the nonnative African jewelfish ( Hemichromis letourneuxi) in a Florida lake concurrent with an unusual low-water period. I test the hypothesis that predation may have played a key role in the collapse using a combination of field surveys of habitat and fish abundance and predator-prey experiments. Habitat complexity was high before and after the low water period but virtually nonexistent during low water. The abundance of African jewelfish and native juvenile bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus) and eastern mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki) declined concurrently with decreasing complexity but the native species rebounded when lake levels increased. Large-bodied natives such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and adult bluegill showed no pattern of fluctuation related to habitat complexity. African jewelfish survival was 1.6 times greater at high versus low complexity and over 7 times higher versus no complexity in the presence of largemouth bass. Conversely, eastern mosquitofish, a species that exerts strong effects on small-bodied fishes in structurally complex habitats had no effect on African jewelfish survival. Predation effects on suscep tible non-natives should be considered as a potential control action. Population collapse is understudied but may provide insights into long-term dynamics of invaders and information useful for management of problematic species.
Temporal electrical heterogeneity for detecting coronary artery disease: results in a heterogeneous cardiac population.

BACKGROUND A new 22-lead electrocardiographic test has been advocated as a screening tool for coronary artery disease and has been shown to have accuracy similar to stress elctrocardiography in specific patient populations. OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of this test for detecting coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography for a variety of cardiac conditions. METHODS We prospectively determined the temporal electrical heterogeneity (TEH) index at rest in 70 patients who had no angina or Q waves on the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram before they underwent coronary angiography. RESULTS Twenty-six of the 70 patients had significant coronary artery disease, defined as 70% stenosis or greater in at least one major epicardial coronary artery. A TEH index of 80 or more had a sensitivity of 58%, a specificity of 75%, and a positive predictive value of 58%. The group with significant coronary disease had a mean TEH index of 77.2, and the group without coronary disease had a mean index of 65.5 (P = .02), despite similar clinical characteristics and indications for angiography. CONCLUSION The TEH index shows promise as a screening tool for coronary artery disease in a heterogeneous cardiac population. However, larger studies are needed before it can be endorsed for widespread clinical use.
Particle Impact Damping of Transient Vibrations

d = clearance of the enclosure E = Young’s modulus of the beam g = acceleration of gravity = 9.81m/s M = primary mass (reduced mass of the beam) m = mass of the particles mencl = mass of the enclosure N = number of particles T = maximum kinetic energy during one cycle T = kinetic energy dissipated during one cycle U = displacement amplitude of the primary mass V = velocity amplitude of the primary mass = dimensionless clearance = dimensionless acceleration amplitude cr = critical dimensionless acceleration amplitude μ = mass ratio = undamped circular natural frequency = specific damping capacity m = mass normalized damping = mass density of the beam
Prevention by sodium salicylate of arteritis in the experimental allergic state.

Conclusion1. The subcutaneous administration of large doses of sodium salicylate to rabbits well in advance of the initial contact with horse serum antigen prevents the development of arterial lesions.2. The arterial lesions fail to develop even though circulating antibody is present in moderate quantity.3. It is believed that the lesions fail to develop because there is no antigen-antibody reaction, and that this reaction can not take place because salicylate has prevented antigen from uniting with tissue cells.
Abstract 153: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in relation to endometrial cancer: A prospective study.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background Thyroid hormones may be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in hormone sensitive cancers. Thyroid hormones strongly influence the menstrual cycle, implantation and fertility, suggesting that thyroid hormones also could play a role in the development of endometrial cancer (EC), which is hormone-sensitive. No prospective studies have examined this association. Methods We prospectively evaluated the association between self-reported physician-diagnosed hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) from 1976 - 2010. Reports of thyroid dysfunction were based on self-report on biennial follow-up questionnaires, and have shown high validity when compared to medical records. Incident EC cases were confirmed with medical, pathology and death records. Multivariate rate ratios (RRs) for endometrial cancer were calculated, adjusting for major EC risk factors (i.e., body mass index, smoking, parity, age at last birth, oral contraceptive use, family history, age at menarche, age at menopause, postmenopausal hormone use, type 2 diabetes, and height). Results During 34 years of follow-up in NHS, we documented 917 cases of incident EC. Compared to those without any reported thyroid dysfunction, the multivariable RR for hypothyroidism was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.75-1.30) and the null associations were consistent across categories of time since hypothyroidism diagnosis. The multivariable RR for hyperthyroidism was 1.38 (95% CI 0.79 - 2.41). An association was observed with longer time since hyperthyroidism diagnosis (median time since hyperthyroidism diagnosis was 6 years in NHS); the RR for EC associated with 6+ years since hyperthyroidism diagnosis was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.02, 4.23). Conclusions Overall self-reported hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were not associated with risk of EC; however, longer time since hyperthyroidism diagnosis may be associated with an increased risk of EC. Due to the overall small number of cases with hyperthyroidism, on-going analyses will incorporate results from the Nurses’ Health Study II to increase power for these analyses. Citation Format: Angela Kueck, Jae Hee Kang, Richard Stevens, Gary Curhan, Erik Alexander, Bernard Rosner, Immaculata DeVivo, Shelley Tworoger. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in relation to endometrial cancer: A prospective study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 153. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-153
Control of Breast Cancer through the Resolution of Inflammation

BackgroundCurrent breast cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and targeted therapy, reduce tumor burden by killing tumor cells. However, they result in apoptotic and necrotic cell bodies, or “t...
Ending the Internal Affairs Farce

Police misconduct has received a heightened degree of media attention in the last two years, but in reality the problem has been around for decades, and the people who consistently bear the brunt of that misconduct are people of color. This Article focuses on one reason behind the misconduct crisis (that police officers are rarely held accountable in any meaningful way for their misconduct against minorities) and one solution for that problem (reforming the way cities review and respond to civilian complaints about police misconduct). While some scholars have acknowledged the flaws inherent in existing review structures, this Article is the first to consider how the ineffective methods by which cities respond to civilian complaints of police misconduct exacerbate the misconduct crisis, and the first to propose a model for an effective independent review agency.In this Article I begin by discussing the existent police misconduct crisis, and specifically the devastating effects police misconduct has had on minority communities. I then detail the failures of internal affairs review, and the flawed structures of many existing independent review agencies. I end the piece by proposing a model for an effective civilian oversight agency tasked with responding to police misconduct claims.
Optimization of Coordinated Control Parameters for Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Life Quantization

As the parameters in the control strategy for the hybrid energy storage system(HESS)have definite influence on control effect, it is advisable to make quantitative analysis and parameter optimization for this influence.A mathematical model for the energy storage system is presented with the influence of self-discharge rate and charge-discharge efficiency taken into account.A novel index named coordinated response margin of supercapacitor storage state of charge is proposed on the basis of the control strategy for HESS based on the charge-discharge state of lithium battery.A parameter optimization model for HESS coordinated control based on lithium battery quantized life is developed by referring to the lithium battery life quantization model applicable to the actually irregular charge-discharge application. An example demonstrates that rational choice of HESS coordinated control parameters can prolong the lithium battery useful life,thus improving the overall performance of HESS.
Long Term Results of Renal Angioplasty in Patients with Renovascular Hypertension

The long term effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on blood pressure was evaluated in 141 patients with renovascular hypertension and on renal function in 15 patients with ischemic renal disease. Results suggest that angioplasty is effective in the long term management of renovascular hypertension and may be in the preservation of renal function in some patients with ischemic renal disease.
Body mass index and outcomes of in-hospital ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation arrest.

Background Due to higher transthoracic impedance, obese patients may be less likely to be successfully defibrillated from ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) arrest. However, the association between patient body mass index (BMI), defibrillation success, and survival outcomes of VT/VF arrest are poorly understood. Methods We evaluated 7110 patients with in-hospital VT/VF arrest at 286 hospitals within the Get With The Guidelines(®)-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Multicenter Observational Registry between 2006 and 2012. Patients were categorized as underweight (BMI Results Among adult patients suffering VT/VF arrest, 304 (4.3%) were underweight, 2061 (29.0%) were normal weight, 2139 (30.1%) were overweight, and 2606 (36.6%) were obese or extremely obese. In a risk-adjusted analysis, we observed no interaction between BMI and energy level for the successful termination of VT/VF with first shock. Furthermore, the risk-adjusted likelihood of successful first shock termination of VT/VF did not differ significantly across BMI categories. Finally, when compared to overweight patients, obese patients had similar risk-adjusted likelihood of survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio 0.786, 95% confidence interval 0.593-1.043). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the likelihood of successful defibrillation with the first shock attempt among different BMI categories.
Cancer treatment-related cardiac toxicity: prevention, assessment and management

Cancer therapies, especially anthracyclines and monoclonal antibodies, have been linked with increased rates of cardiotoxicity. The development of some cardiac side effects happens over several months, and changes in ejection fraction can be detected long before permanent damage or disability occurs. Advanced heart failure could be averted with better and earlier detection. Methodologies for early detection of cardiac changes include stress echocardiograms, cardiac velocity measurements, radionuclide imaging, cardiac MRI and several potential biomarkers. Many agents have been described for prophylaxis of cardiac events precipitated by cancer therapy. Prophylactic use of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors may be considered for use with trastuzumab in breast cancer as tolerated. Recovery of cardiac function is possible early after the injury from a cancer therapy. Late complications for coronary artery disease, hypertension and arrhythmia are underappreciated. Treatments for severe cancer therapy-related cardiac complications follow the existing paradigms for congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease, although outcomes for cancer patients differ from outcomes for non-cancer patients.
Image at War

The press was well accustomed to utilizing illustrations and photographs at the start of the First World War. This widespread use of images helped the people at home to better understand a war that differed enormously from previous conflicts. Images became a powerful instrument of propaganda, but also retained their usual function in entertaining and educating the reader. In this regard, technology offered new challenges and opportunities to the press in that the novelties of warfare had to be described to the public at home and images offered immediacy and clarity, and at the same time the new weapons’ marvel, even if terrifying, caught the attention and curiosity of the reader and “sold” magazines. The ample use of illustrations and photographs depicting technology in the magazines suggests how important the role of the press was in influencing both how the public understood the events on the frontline and how difficult it was for them to comprehend the new technological warfare.
TRAUMA, HISTORY, MEMORY, IDENTITY: WHAT REMAINS?

Despite the considerable amount of work already devoted to the topic, the nexus of trauma, history, memory, and identity is still of widespread interest, and much remains to be investigated on both empirical and theoretical levels. The ongoing challenge is to approach the topic without opposing history and memory in a binary fashion but instead by inquiring into more complex and challenging relations between them, including the role of trauma and its effects. This account attempts to set out a research agenda that is multifaceted but with components that are conceptually interrelated and that call for further research and thought. In a necessarily selective manner that does not downplay the value and importance of archival research, it treats both the role of traumatic memory and memory (or memory work) that counteracts post-traumatic effects and supplements, at times serving as a corrective to, written sources. It argues for the relevance to history of a critical but nondismissive approach to the study of trauma, memory, and identity-formation, discussing significant new work as well as indicating the continued pertinence of somewhat older work in the field. One of the under-investigated issues it addresses is the role of the so-called transgenerational transmission of trauma to descendants and intimates of both survivors and perpetrators. It concludes by making explicit an issue that is fundamental to the problem of identity and identity-formation and concerning which a great deal remains to be done: the issue of critical animal studies and its historical and ethical significance. Addressing this issue would require extending one's purview beyond humans and attending to the importance of the relations between humans and other animals.
Repellency of hinokitiol against the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

Behavioral responses of the cigarette beetle to 73 chemicals were investigated with an olfactometer. The beetles were strongly repelled by hinokitiol (β-thujaplicine). The frequency of entering choice tubes treated with hinokitiol was significantly less than that of the control tubes. The resident time in the sample tubes was shorter than that in the control tubes. The repellency of hinokitiol in the presence of cured tobacco odor, which attracts beetles, was evaluated. Hinokitiol strongly repelled the beetles at a dose of 1 mg even in the presence of the tobacco odor. However, the contact and fumigant toxicity of hinokitiol against the beetles was not strong. The repellency of other troponoid compounds, tropone and tropolone, and other compounds with isopropyl groups were weaker than hinokitiol. Therefore, it appears both the tropone ring and isopropyl group play an important role in the strong repellency of hinokitiol.
Strategic Investment in Microbiology Research: Federal support through the NIGMS and NIH has a crucial role to play in fostering progress in microbiological research

Jointly the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), ASM, and its members have helped revolutionize biomedical research. ASM is the largest life science professional society in the United States, with 39,000 members working in academia, industry, government, and health care. Among the core activities of the Society and its members are efforts to promote human health, to train tomorrow's leaders, to promote use of microbes in biotechnology, and to articulate the needs for microbiology in academic, industrial, and clinical laboratories. Microbiologists have made game-changing discoveries with support from investigator-initiated programs in genetics and in cell and molecular biology that form the foundation of the NIGMS research portfolio. NIGMS and its outstanding program staff deserve the thanks of ASM and its members for exceptional work in ensuring national excellence in biomedical and microbiology research.
Context-dependent responses to turbulence for an anguilliform swimming fish, Pacific lamprey, during passage of an experimental vertical-slot weir

Abstract Fish passage systems (fishways) have become the most common mitigation tool for improving the connectivity of migratory fish populations in ecosystems with barriers to movement. Because fishways often have high-velocity and high-turbulence environments, fish should seek low-energy movement paths during passage. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the swimming paths of 90 adult Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus ) in response to hydraulic conditions when passing a vertical-slot weir in an experimental fishway. Varying hydraulic conditions were achieved by manipulating three variables: water velocity (1.2, 1.8, 2.4 m/s), vertical-slot length (0.33 m, 0.66 m, 1.00 m), and presence or absence of a turbulence-inducing structure. Turbulence parameters, such as turbulent kinetic energy ( TKE ), were quantified using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Pacific lamprey exhibited context-dependent behaviors in response to turbulence whereby lamprey were more likely to move towards areas of lower turbulence along their swimming paths, but only as the surrounding turbulence within the vertical-slot increased. In contrast, when the surrounding turbulence within the vertical-slot was low, Pacific lamprey became more likely to move towards areas of higher turbulence. The ‘turbulence-avoidance’ behaviors likely allowed passage of the hydraulic obstacle by reducing energy expenditure or physiological stress, while the ‘turbulence-attraction’ behaviors may have resulted from lamprey using turbulence as a mechanism for upstream orientation. Overall, our results provide new insight into how fish may use turbulence as an important sensory modality for perceiving the aquatic environment.
Overcoming flaws in permeability measures: modified route directness

AbstractIncreased levels of walking have been associated with a range of individual and societal benefits, including reductions in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, and improved public health. Recent scholarship has sought to provide evidence that good street connectivity encourages walking, and though some correlation is evident, the statistical significance of these studies is generally weak. This paper asserts that the most commonly used methods to measure street connectivity, intersection density and block length, are weakened by random variation, and more significantly, utterly fail to detect street patterns. An alternative measure, modified route directness, is introduced, and shown to be capable of measuring the impact of street pattern on permeability. A more effective measure of connectivity could help demonstrate the correlation between street connectivity and walking, enabling stronger arguments for changes regulatory activity and public investment that supports improved connectivity.
An iconographic exploration of the “rattlesnake” gorgets of eastern Tennessee

Compared to other gorget styles and themes made during the Mississippian period, the so-called rattlesnake gorgets of eastern Tennessee have been found in fairly large numbers. Stylistically, Mulle...
Enoxaparin 40 mg per Day Is Inadequate for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Thoracic Surgical Procedure.

Background Many patients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures have venous thromboembolism (VTE) events despite the receipt of chemical prophylaxis. Enoxaparin's pharmacologic impact can be quantified by using anti-Factor Xa (aFXa) levels. We hypothesized that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily would be inadequate for most inpatients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures and that a real-time dose adjustment algorithm would be effective. Methods This prospective clinical trial enrolled inpatients who were to undergo a thoracic surgical procedure and placed on enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for VTE prophylaxis after surgical procedures. aFXa levels were used to measure the anticoagulant effect of enoxaparin once steady state had been reached. Patients whose aFXa levels were out of range received real-time enoxaparin dose adjustment and had repeat aFXa levels drawn. Results Ninety-three inpatients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures were prospectively enrolled. The majority of patients (67.4%) had low peak aFXa levels ( Conclusions Enoxaparin 40 mg once daily is inadequate for most inpatients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures, based on a pharmacodynamic study of aFXa levels. Future research should examine the impact of weight-based once daily enoxaparin dosing versus twice daily enoxaparin dosing on prophylaxis adequacy.
Base accelerated generation of N2 and NH3 from an osmium nitride

Abstract Dissolution of an OsVI N complex with non-innocent, protic, tris-chelating NNN-ligands in aqueous KOH is shown to produce nitride derived N2 and NH3. NH3 production was shown to greatly increase under H2 pressure. Most importantly, both N2 and NH3 generation are enhanced upon increasing [KOH]. The resulting putative complexes are trapped by in situ treatment with K13CN and shown to be NNN-ligated OsIII and OsII species, in the absence and presence of H2 respectively.
Biocultural Adaptations of the High Altitude Sherpas of Nepal

There are a number of Tibetan-derived populations that inhabit the high altitude areas of the Nepal Himalayas. Collectively, they are referred to as Bhotias, which is from the Nepali word Bhot, meaning Tibet. Several of these groups are called Sherpas, a word derived from the Tibetan, Sharp-pa, meaning easterner. Perhaps the best-known group is the one living in the Khumbu region of eastern Nepal, which is adjacent to Mount Everest.
Comment: Two Challenges for Adolphs and Andler’s Functionalist Theory of Emotions:

Adolphs and Andler’s methodological functionalism recommends that affective science focuses on what emotions do rather than on what emotions are physically constituted by or how emotions feel. In a...
Void fraction inference in cavitating fuel injector flows

It has been shown that hydrodynamic cavitation within fuel injectors plays a significant role in their performance, with the desirable effect of broadening the resultant fuel spray. Experiments are challenging owing to the relatively small geometries, high pressure, and high Reynold’s number (Re) associated with such flows. Previous studies have observed cavitation in optically transparent nozzles at slower flows. By utilizing acoustic and vibration measurement techniques cavitation activity may be measured in a steel fuel injector at more practical Re flows used in applications. We report here experimental measurements taken using a laser vibrometer and a commercial fuel injector. Previous studies have demonstrated a resonant frequency shift as a function of injection pressure. Among competing hypotheses, our working hypothesis is that this shift is the result of mass unloading of cantilever mode oscillations of the fuel injector. The dynamic void fraction caused by cavitation activity within the fuel injector can then be inferred from the measured frequency shift. We report measurements of mode shapes and frequencies for static and flowing fuel injectors as functions of the flow rate.It has been shown that hydrodynamic cavitation within fuel injectors plays a significant role in their performance, with the desirable effect of broadening the resultant fuel spray. Experiments are challenging owing to the relatively small geometries, high pressure, and high Reynold’s number (Re) associated with such flows. Previous studies have observed cavitation in optically transparent nozzles at slower flows. By utilizing acoustic and vibration measurement techniques cavitation activity may be measured in a steel fuel injector at more practical Re flows used in applications. We report here experimental measurements taken using a laser vibrometer and a commercial fuel injector. Previous studies have demonstrated a resonant frequency shift as a function of injection pressure. Among competing hypotheses, our working hypothesis is that this shift is the result of mass unloading of cantilever mode oscillations of the fuel injector. The dynamic void fraction caused by cavitation activity within the fuel in...
Introduction: Paradoxes and Puzzels

Until recently, till the end of the nineteenth century, mathematical theories used to be built in an intuitive or axiomatic way. In other words, they were based either intuitive ideas concerning basic notions of the theory – ideas taken from the reality – or on the properties of these notions expressed in systems of axioms. The historical development of mathematics has shown that it is not sufficient to base theories on an intuitive understanding of their notions only. This fact became especially obvious in set theory. The basic concept of this theory, set, is certainly taken from reality, for there we come across many examples of various sets, all of which are finite. But in mathematics it is also necessary to consider infinite sets, such as the set of all integers, the set of all rational numbers, the set of all segments, the set of all triangles.
Translingualism ≠ code-meshing: A response to Gevers’ “Translingualism revisited” (2018)

Abstract In this response, we aim to clarify the relationship between code-meshing and translingual pedagogy, including the definition of code-meshing. We identify points of connection between Gevers' critiques and translingual scholars' own concerns about an overemphasis on visible language difference, and we discuss ways to move toward a more fully articulated translingual pedagogy.
Ruptures and Reproductions: A Walking Encounter With a Campus Tour and a Confederate Monument:

This article explores a moment of intersections that rupture and reproduce the racist and raced space of a university campus. A walk that I take with a student plugs into a campus tour, becomes con...
Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Case-Based Workshop Introducing Medical Students to Trauma-Informed Care

Introduction A large body of evidence implicates adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as significant factors in shaping adult health outcomes. Despite their wide-ranging impact on health, training ...
An automated geo-spatial correction framework for transportation

Abstract In this paper, we present a framework to validate and to correct the location information in crash reports. The proposed system is composed of several modules: creation of intersection network and pre-processing, validation, snapping, updating, and manual-spotting. The proposed system utilizes GPS coordinates (latitude/longitude), primary and reference road names, primary direction, and distance to the reference road. The algorithm starts at an initial GPS coordinate provided in the crash report. Additional location information is utilized in case this coordinate does not satisfy certain criteria. After verification of the road names, the correct snapping location is determined using the primary direction and primary distance information. At the final stage, the attributes in the crash data are retrieved from the base map given the snapping point. We tested the proposed system by three different test data sets. The number of correctly identified matches and the average snapping error are calculated for assessment. The experiments show that the proposed framework is capable of geocoding the crashes up to 98% accuracy with the average of 37 feet of snapping error and 64% of the matching records have less than snapping error of 1 foot. However, we observed that considering highly specific cases as an outlier, the snapping error significantly drops. We discuss these cases in detail and propose a remedy as a future work.
(380) Preliminary Feasibility of a Graded, Locomotor-Enabled, Whole-Body Virtual Reality Intervention for Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain

Pain-related fear in individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) is associated with decreased quality of life and increased disability. Individuals with cLBP and elevated pain-related fear avoid movements perceived as threatening. Virtual reality (VR) can provide graded exposure to fearfully perceived movements, but most VR interventions limit maneuverability to a defined area, and thus limit user experience. We developed six VR gaming modules, in partnership with From the Future Studios ( http://www.ftfstudios.com/ ), to provide progressively challenging physical activities for individuals with cLBP. Users wear a head-mounted display (HTC Vive) while walking on a self-driven treadmill. Users walk, reach, and crouch to accomplish game objectives in VR, like approaching and fighting monsters and crouch-walking beneath obstacles. Unlike typical VR systems, our treadmill-environment allows for unhindered movement and a natural walking experience, not limited by room size or physical obstacles in the room. We assessed the feasibility of using these graded VR walking games as an intervention tool for individuals with cLBP. Participants attended three sessions over a one-week period, experiencing two VR modules per session. Additionally, participants filled out a baseline and follow-up questionnaire and reported their daily pain throughout the study period. 13 participants (8 females) with cLBP were recruited from the local Birmingham area, 12 of whom completed the study (92.3% retention). Participants responded that the VR experience was “enjoyable”, “fun” and “interesting”. Treatment Evaluation Inventory scores (Mean = 30.50, SD=4.93) suggest that participants viewed the VR modules as an acceptable treatment. Pain intensity and kinesiophobia did not increase significantly over the study period (t=0.84, p>0.05 and t=-0.32, p>0.05). These results suggest that graded VR walking challenges can be performed by individuals with cLBP without increasing pain or pain-related fear. Future studies will further explore the treatment effects of our VR walking-environment in individuals with cLBP.
Descriptive analysis of free-text comments on healthcare priorities and experiences in a national sample of people with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often require care from multiple healthcare services and providers to fulfill their physical and psychological healthcare needs, including those related to their MS and those due to co-occurring disorders. However, they often experience barriers to accessing healthcare specialists, providers, and services. Objective The purpose of this study is to understand patients’ healthcare preferences, perceived importance of elements of their care, and encountered barriers through analyzing patients’ free-text comments. Methods We used content analysis to analyze 7105 text responses. Results We recruited 3,003 participants with MS across the U.S. Of those, 82.9% were females. The mean age was 58.49 years (a range of 18–96 years). The participants self-reported their MS course as relapsing remitting (54.8%) or progressive (30.0%). The healthcare professionals most frequently identified as being most important to PwMS included neurologists, physicians/general practitioners, and physical/occupational therapists. Commonly identified barriers to accessing healthcare included the high cost of healthcare services, insufficient health insurance coverage, limited mobility, and transportation. Approximately 36% of respondents expressed a preference for receiving care from a comprehensive MS center, an MS research center, or an MS specialist as their main healthcare provider. Regarding priorities for improving healthcare quality, about 10% of participants stated that healthcare professionals should focus more time and attention on communicating, consulting, and understanding patients’ needs and questions. Conclusion PwMS prioritize accessibility, affordability, insurance coverage, and comprehensiveness in MS healthcare services.
T cell-selective deletion of Oct1 protects animals from autoimmune neuroinflammation while maintaining neurotropic pathogen response

Treatments for autoimmune diseases aim to dampen autoreactivity while preserving normal immune function. In CD4+ T cells, the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 is a dispensable transcription factor for T cell development and response to primary infection, but promotes expression of target genes, including Il2 and Ifng, under conditions of antigen reencounter. As a result, they are more strongly expressed upon secondary stimulation. Such repeated antigen encounters occur in memory recall responses, in autoimmunity where self-antigen can be recognized multiple times, and in chronic infection where foreign antigen is persistent. Based on these previous findings, we hypothesized that Oct1 loss would protect animals from autoimmunity but maintain normal responses to pathogens in the CNS. We used a conditional mouse Oct1 (Pou2f1) allele and a CD4-Cre driver to determine the effect of T cell-specific Oct1 loss on autoimmune- and viral-induced neuroinflammation using an autoantigen-driven EAE model of autoimmunity and a JHMV model of viral infection. Oct1 conditional deletion mitigated clinical scores and reduced infiltrating T cells and cytokine production in the EAE model. Consistently, Oct1-deficient CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro showed increased expression of markers associated with T cell anergy, particularly in the absence of co-stimulatory signals. In contrast, anti-viral T cell effector functions are intact in the absence of Oct1, with no changes in neuroinflammation, infiltrating T cells or cytokine production. Our findings uncover a significant difference between the effect of Oct1 loss on autoimmune and anti-pathogen responses, which potentially could be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
Specific Reading Disability

A child usually begins formal lessons in reading between the ages of 5 and 7 years. Initially, it is difficult to learn the arbitrary associations of symbol and sound and even more difficult to remember that combinations of alphabetic characters are capable of representing an unlimited number of words. Although most children have mastered the complex mechanics of reading after 2 or 3 years of schooling, and some even earlier, as many as 25% have not (Bryant & McLoughlin, 1972). For some of this population, deficits in the acquisition of reading skills can be attributed to mental retardation, to congenital or traumatic brain damage, to emotional disturbance, to peripheral sensory dysfunction, or to cultural or educational deprivation.
Comparison of CRISPR Genomic Tagging for Affinity Purification and Endogenous Immunoprecipitation Coupled with Quantitative Mass Spectrometry To Identify the Dynamic AMPKα2 Interactome.

Recent advances in genome editing technologies have enabled the insertion of epitope tags at endogenous loci with relative efficiency. We describe an approach for investigation of protein interacti...
Effect of N-methyl-diethanolamine and film forming corrosion inhibitor on gas hydrate, and empirical modeling for degradation

Abstract Chemical inhibition is a common solution to hydrate formation in gas pipelines. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) and kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) are the most commonly used hydrate inhibitors, whilst N-methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) and film forming corrosion inhibitor (FFCI) are usually used as part of a corrosion control program to go alongside these hydrate inhibitors. In this study, the methane hydrate inhibition performance of MDEA and FFCI in the presence and absence of a hydrate inhibitor were assessed. The study found that both MDEA and FFCI may improve the overall hydrate inhibitory performance of the combined solution. When combined with KHI an increase in induction times was found. FFCI may act as a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, and thus enhance the hydrate inhibitory performance alongside MEG. Furthermore, two empirical models were developed to cater for MEG and MDEA + MEG degradation effect on hydrate phase equilibrium temperature, as this effect cannot be simulated in flow assurance prediction software. Moreover, these models and previously developed models were combined wholesomely in the form of an algorithm to determine the hydrate phase equilibrium temperature.
Single‐stage embolization with n‐butyl cyanoacrylate and surgical resection of venous malformations

Purpose Sclerotherapy or surgical resection is options for symptomatic venous malformations (VM). Sclerotherapy may require repetitive intervention and resection is often avoided due to operative morbidity. The purpose of this study was to report use of single-stage n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue embolization and surgical resection of focal VM. Methods A review of patients with focal VM who underwent glue embolization followed by resection at a single tertiary care vascular malformations center was performed. All embolizations were performed with ultrasound and fluoroscopy under the same anesthetic as resection. Patient characteristics and outcomes were evaluated. Results Fifteen procedures were performed in 12 patients with a total of 20 VM addressed, as several patients had multiple VM. Mean age was 16 ± 9 years. Malformation locations included scalp, hip, gluteal, labial, toe, finger, face, lip, chest, and foot and size ranged from 1.0 to 10.5 cm. Median (range) of prior sclerotherapy treatments was 3 (0-5) and three patients previously underwent surgical resection. Median blood loss was zero (0-10) mL. Surgical complications occurred after five procedures (33%) including superficial wound dehiscence and cellulitis. No complications required readmission or reoperation. At a median follow up of 195 (103-266) days, no patients have required additional treatment. Conclusion Glue embolization and resection of focal VM of variable size and location appears to have durable results and low surgical morbidity. This single-stage procedure, often performed as an outpatient, may be utilized as upfront treatment for symptomatic malformations or for VM refractory to other treatments.