cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum and tissue T3 levels in endotoxin shock in the rat.

Low serum T3 levels are present in various nonthyroid diseases and in septic and hemorrhagic shock in man. This investigation was performed to determine whether endotoxin (E) shock alters serum and tissue (liver and kidney) T3 levels and whether serum T3 levels correlate with survival. Five experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, 12 rats, 4 control (C) and 8 experimental, received either physiologic saline or E. Serum T3 levels decreased initially in both C and E; by 10 and 28 hr after treatment serum T3 levels were lower in E- than C-treated animals (P These studies demonstrate that although serum T3 levels decrease in early E shock due to decreased conversion of T4 to T3 and increased clearance of T3 from plasma, serum T3 levels do not correlate with survival. Whether hypothyroid rats, who are unable to increase the secretion of thyroid hormone and are thus unable to cope with the increased disposal rate of thyroid hormone, would also survive as well in E shock is yet to be determined.
Possible alternative functions of rat liver malic enzyme

Abstract The induction of rat liver malic enzyme by restriction of protein intake has been studied in conjunction with the biosynthesis of fatty acids, fatty acid synthetase, glutathione reductase, and other “lipogenic” enzymes in the various experimental animals. No correlation has been detected between malic enzyme activity and lipogenesis under these conditions. Conversely, a positive correlation between malic enzyme and glutathione reductase has been noted. Possible functions of malic enzyme which appear consistent with these observations are postulated.
THIP analgesia: Cross tolerance with morphine

Abstract THIP (4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo (5, 4-c) pyridone-3-ol), a direct acting GABA receptor agonist, has been shown to have antinociceptive properties. To determine whether tolerance develops to the analgesic response, mice received multiple injections of THIP for up to 21 days after which analgesia was tested using both tail immersion and hot-plate methods. Both tests indicated a significant reduction in the antinociceptive response to THIP, as well as other GABA agonists, beginning between days 3 and 5 of chronic administration. Moreover, these animals demonstrated a decreased analgesic response to morphine, and morphine tolerant animals were also less responsive to THIP. These data indicate that opiates and GABA agonists induce analgesia by acting through separate but related pathways in the central nervous system.
Density of fresh and embalmed human compact and cancellous bone.

This investigation was undertaken to determine the densities of fresh human compact and cancellous bone, with its marrow constituents intact, and compact and cancellous bone taken from embalmed cadavers. The density of 107 bone specimens was determined on the basis of the weight and volume of each specimen. Mean density results were: (1) fresh compact bone, 1.85; (2) fresh cancellous bone, 1.08; (3) embalmed compact bone, 1.85; and (4) embalmed cancellous bone, 1.09. Embalming did not appear to have altered the density of either compact or cancellous bone. It was observed also that the densities of several bone specimens taken from the same area of one bone varied greatly.
Simulation-based parameter estimation for complex models: a breast cancer natural history modelling illustration:

Simulation-based parameter estimation offers a powerful means of estimating parameters in complex stochastic models. We illustrate the application of these ideas in the setting of a natural history model for breast cancer. Our model assumes that the tumor growth process follows a geometric Brownian motion; parameters are estimated from the SEER registry. Our discussion focuses on the use of simulation for computing the maximum likelihood estimator for this class of models. The analysis shows that simulation provides a straightforward means of computing such estimators for models of substantial complexity.
Problems of Modeling Growth and Yield of Renewable Resources

Mathematical models are now influential and widely used tools in renewable resource management. Managers of forests, fisheries, wildlife, range, and other resources routinely consult quantitative predictions on harvesting policies. The types of models used are as varied as the resources, from regression models predicting growth increment from dozens of environmental variables to complex systems of nonlinear differential equations reflecting intricate webs of species interactions. The modern-day resource manager trained at a university typically has received a battery of courses in mathematics, statistics, computing, and modeling and simulation in the appropriate resource. Despite the acceptance and growing use of models by resource managers, there are many aspects of resource modeling for which challenging problems exist. One of the main problems is the ever-present variability in the abundance of the resources. Forests, fish populations, and wildlife populations undergo large, irregular fluctuations due to a wide range of causes. Resource modelers have typically concentrated on extracting the “signal” from these fluctuations, building deterministic models that are sometimes fit to complete scatter-clouds of data. Managers in turn make decisions primarily based on the forecast mean behavior of the systems. This article identifies some of the main quantitative obstacles to more effective modeling of the growth and yield of renewable resources. We concentrate in particular on statistical problems associated with modeling forests and marine fisheries. Our goal is to describe areas in which resource modeling and decision making might benefit from explicitly acknowledging and including stochastic factors in the models. Section 2 of this article briefly looks at the ecological underpinnings of resource modeling. The ecological modeling tradition has arisen over many decades, mainly from studies of populations growing in the laboratory. We discuss the modeling of laboratory populations, before undertaking the “real” resources in forestry and fisheries, to emphasize the importance of stochastic forces in population growth. Life is stochastic, even under controlled environmental conditions. Section 3 tackles some prevailing issues in modeling forest growth and yield. We discuss usual regression models
Understanding chronic wounds: a unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and implications for therapy

The development of new therapies for treatment of chronic wounds has not matched the availability of treatment modalities forecast by the pharmaceutical industry. This is attributable in large part to difficulties encountered in clinical trials as well as in isolating study design variables. Our hypothesis attempts to address this shortcoming. We are proposing that chronic wound pathogenesis is based on 3 fundamental factors: the cellular and systemic changes of aging, repeated ischemia-reperfusion injury, and bacterial colonization with resulting inflammatory host response. The derivation of this hypothesis is founded on the observation that the 3 primary categories of chronic wounds--pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and venous ulcers, which are the overwhelming majority of chronic wounds--have these common causative factors. Our hypothesis incorporates major implications for treatment modalities based on these factors. Addressing the first issue, the cellular and systemic changes of aging, Regranex (Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc, Raritan, NJ), a platelet-derived growth factor drug, has shown great promise. Additional treatment modalities that address the second and third problems, repeated ischemia-reperfusion injury and bacterial colonization, include vacuum-assisted closure, warming of local tissue, and water irrigation using pulsed lavage. Additionally, treatment comprising a combination of these approaches has demonstrated success.
Estimating pedicle screw fastening strength via a virtual templating platform for spine surgery planning: a retrospective preliminary clinical demonstration

Traditional 2D images provide limited use for accurate planning of spine interventions, due to their inability to display the complex 3D spine anatomy and proximity of nerve bundles and vascular structures that must be avoided during the procedure. We have developed a platform for spine surgery planning that employs standard of care 3D preoperative images and enables oblique reformatting and 3D rendering of individual or multiple vertebrae, interactive templating and placement of virtual pedicle implants into the patient-specific computed tomography data. Here we propose a combined surrogate metric – the fastening strength – to provide estimates of the optimal implant selection and trajectory based on implant dimension and bone mineral density (BMD) of the displaced bone substrate. We conducted a retrospective clinical study based on pre- and post-operative data from four patients who underwent procedures involving pedicle screw implantation. We assessed the retrospective plans against the post-operative ...
“That’s How We Roll”: A Case Study of a Recently Arrived Refugee Student in an Urban High School

This critical case study of one, Somali Bantu male high school student illuminates the struggle for recently arrived refugees at the high school level. Few educational research studies describe how recently arrived refugee students and their families make their transition to US schools (Ngo et al. in Hmong Stud J 8:1–35, 2007; Hones and Cha in Educating new Americans: immigrant lives and learning. Erlbaum, Mahwah, 1999; Igoa in The inner world of the immigrant child. Erlbaum, Mahwah, 1995). Studies that examine how race, county of origin, and low socio-economic status affect refugee students also are few in number. Specifically Kamya (Soc Work 42:154–165, 1997) argues that there is a compelling need for research that investigates how racism and stereotypes of Black Americans affect the experiences of African black immigrants and refugees. Rong and Brown (Educ Urban Soc 2:247–273, 2002) add that black newcomers students often face a triple disadvantage of being black, having limited access to educational opportunity, and being poor. These challenges are particularly relevant for high school students as they have a limited amount of time to acquire proficiency in English and content area knowledge before transitioning to post-secondary education or the work force. In order to better understand how some of these processes work for a recently arrived refugee student in an urban school district, this paper examines the educational adaptation and coping strategies of one Somali Bantu male high school student and his family to the US public school system during the 2007–2008 school year through the lens of intersectionality.
Polyoxometalate systems for the catalytic selective production of nonthermodynamic alkenes from alkanes. Nature of excited-state deactivation processes and control of subsequent thermal processes in polyoxometalate photoredox chemistry

The photooxidations of exemplary branched acyclic alkanes and cycloalkanes by a range of polyoxotungstates varying in charge density, ground-state redox potential, acidity, and other properties were examined in detail. The organic products generated in these reactions depend on the polyoxometalate used, and in particular on the ground-state redox potential of the complex. Under anaerobic conditions acyclic branched alkanes yield principally alkenes, while cycloalkanes yield principally alkenes and dimers. Alkyl methyl ketones, derived in part from reaction with acetonitrile solvent, and isomerized alkanes are produced with some alkane substrates. Under aerobic conditions, autoxidation, initiated by radicals generated in the photoinduced redox chemistry, is observed. Under aerobic conditions the polyoxotungstates with formal redox potentials more negative than {minus}1.0 V vs Ag/AgNO{sub 3}(CH{sub 3}CN), such as W{sub 10}O{sub 32}{sup 4{minus}} and W{sub 6}O{sub 19}{sup 2{minus}}, photochemically dehydrogenate branched acyclic alkanes in high selectivity to {alpha}-olefins and the least substituted alkenes, products heretofore undocumented in photooxidation reactions catalyzed by polyoxometalates.
Beliefs in an unjust world mediate the associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and psychological functioning

Abstract Belief in an unjust world (BUW) was studied to understand its role in the relationships between perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) and aggression, anxiety, sense of social connectedness, and depressive symptoms among 170 racial minority college students. Consistent with stress and coping theory, as well as the literature on BUW, stronger BUW mediated the relationships between higher PED and greater aggression, anxiety, and decreased social connectedness but not depressive symptoms. These analyses indicate that BUW plays a role in discrimination-related psychological outcomes. Implications of these results as well as recommendations for future studies are discussed.
A prospective study of quality of life including fatigue and pulmonary function after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer

Purpose The study seeks to prospectively evaluate pulmonary function and quality of life (QOL) in medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniovertebral junction.

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory disease involving the spine. It has a predilection for involving the craniocervical spine. Despite widespread involvement of the cervical spine with RA, few patients need surgery. The 3 major spinal manifestations of RA in the cervical spine are basilar invagination, atlantoaxial instability, and subaxial subluxations. Surgical management of RA involving the craniovertebral junction remains a challenge despite a decline in severe cases and an improvement in surgical techniques. Methods We conducted an exhaustive review of English-language publications discussing RA involving the craniovertebral junction. We paid special attention to publications detailing modern surgical management of these conditions. In addition, we outline our own surgical experience with such patients. Results We discuss alternative surgical methods for treating basilar invagination, atlantoaxial instability, and concurrent subaxial subluxations. We detail our surgical technique for transoral odontoidectomy, occipital cervical fusion, and atlantoaxial fusion. We detail the use of spinal surgical navigation in both of these procedures. Conclusion Surgical management of RA remains a challenging field. There clearly has been a decrease in cases of mutilating RA involving the craniovertebral junction. Surgical techniques for managing these conditions have steadily improved.
CLOUD-CHAMBER STUDY OF THE SECOND MAXIMUM

A 12-in. G-M tube controlled cloud chamber was used to study the second maximum of the shower transition curve for lead. Stereoscopic pictures were taken to study the angular divergence of the pairs produced. Over 14 000 photographs were analyzed for a range of lead thickness from 10 to 23 cm. The frames with pairs were reprojected and the angular divergence of the tracks measured with a protractor. The experimental results appear to indicate a second maximum at a thickness in the neighborhood of 17.5 cm lead.
Human topoisomerase I mediates illegitimate recombination leading to DNA insertion into the ribosomal DNA locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Eukaryotic type I DNA topoisomerases catalyze the relaxation of supercoiled DNA, and play a critical role in DNA replication, transcription and recombination. They are highly conserved, both in sequence and mechanism of activity, from yeast to mammalian cells. We tested the effect of human topoisomerase I (hTOP1) on illegitimate insertion in yeast by expressing the hTOP1 gene in top1Δ yeast (ytop1Δ) cells. hTOP1 increased the frequency of illegitimate recombination into genomic DNA by 20- to 90-fold relative to the level in ytop1Δ cells, while it had no effect on homologous integration. The addition of the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin blocked this increase in the level of illegitimate insertion. The expression of hTOP1 also significantly enhanced the fraction of integration events in ribosomal DNA (rDNA)—from 16% to 60%, indicating that the rDNA is a highly preferred target for hTOP1. Integrations occurred at the consensus sequence 5′ (T/A) (G/C/A) (T/A) (T/C/A) 3′ in hTOP1 expressing cells. A similar preferred break-site consensus sequence was previously identified in vitro for topoisomerases from rat liver and wheat germ.
Radiation therapy of 9L rat brain tumors.

Abstract The effects of radiation therapy on normal rats and on rats burdened with 9L brain tumors have been studied. The heads of normal rats were X-irradiated with single exposures ranging from 1000 R to 2700 R. Followiag acute exposures greater than 2100 R, all animals died in 8 to 12 days. Approximately 30% of the animals survived beyond 12 days over the range of 1950 to 1950 R; following exposures less than 1850 R, all animals survived the acute radiation effects, and median survival times (MST) increased with decreasing exposure. Three fractionated radiation schedules were also studied: 2100 R or 3000 R in 10 equal fractions, and 3000 R in 6 equal fractions, each schedule being administered over a 2 week period. The first schedule produced a MST of greater than 1 1 2 years; the other schedules produced MSTs that were lower (192 and 145 days, respectively). It was determined that by applying a factor of 1.9, similar survival responses of normal rats were obtained with single as with fractionated radiation exposures. Animals burdened with 9L gliosarcoma brain tumors normally died of the disease process within 18–28 days after tumor inoculation. Both single and fractionated radiation therapy resulted in a prolongation of survival of tumor-burdened rats. This prolongation was found to be linearly dependent upon the dose; but only minimally dependent upon the time after inoculation (7–12 days) at which therapy was initiated, or upon the fractionation schedule that was used. As with normal animals, similar responses were obtained with single as with fractionated exposures when a factor (1.9) was applied. All imam-hearing animals died prior to the time that death was observed in normal, irradiated rats. Thus, the 9L gliosarcoma rat brain tumor model can be used for the pre-clinical experimental investigation of new therapeutic schedules involving radiation therapy and adjuvant therapies.
Prevention of de novo prostate cancer by immunization with tumor-derived vaccines

Since advanced prostate cancer is difficult to treat, we have chosen a very different approach: the development of vaccines to prevent initial de novo tumor formation. To test the hypothesis that prostate cancer can be prevented by vaccination, Lobund–Wistar (LW) rats were vaccinated subcutaneously with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) plus glutaraldehyde-fixed (GFT) whole cell or potassium thiocyanate extract (PTE) preparations derived from in vivo tumors, or with media and CFA (media-vaccinated). Rats were vaccinated each month substituting incomplete Freund’s adjuvant for CFA, from age 3 to 12 months, and methylnitrosourea (30 mg/kg) was administered intravenously at 4 months of age. Groups of 30 GFT cell–vaccinated rats showed a 90% reduction, and PTE-vaccinated rats, a 50% reduction in the occurrence of de novo prostate tumors compared with media-vaccinated controls. When splenocytes from vaccinated rats were incubated with tumor cells prior to subcutaneous implantation, PTE-vaccinated rats showed a 80% reduction, and GFT cell–vaccinated rats showed a 40% reduction in the occurrence of tumors, demonstrating a role for the spleen in the protective response. The inflammatory responses in tumors from GFT cell–vaccinated rats and PTE-vaccinated rats were distinguished by an influx of eosinophils compared with the responses in tumors from media-vaccinated rats. These results demonstrate the possibility that prostate cancer can be prevented by immunization with vaccines based on whole tumor–derived vaccines.
Histological Changes During Involution of the Mammary Glands of Ovariectomized and Intact Lactating Goats

Summary Udders were removed from intact and ovariectomized lactating goats at various times after parturition, to determine the histological changes occurring during involution and the effect of ovariectomy on involution. It was found that ovariectomy and sham ovariectomy caused a drop in milk production, but that ovariectomy did not retard involution after the animals recovered from the operation. The total alveolar surface area decreased in proportion to the milk production. The correlation coefficient between previous 4-wk milk production and total alveolar surface area was high. The decrease in the alveolar surface area is probably the most important cause of the decline in milk production. No histological abnormalities or other histological differences were observed between groups or times of udder removal. No increase in connective tissue was found during the involution process.
An equivalent n-source for WGPu derived from a spectrum-shifted PuBe source

ABSTRACT We have designed, built, and laboratory-tested a unique shield design that transforms the complex neutron spectrum from PuBe source neutrons, generated at high energies, to nearly exactly the neutron signature leaking from a significant spherical mass of weapons grade plutonium (WGPu). This equivalent X-material shield assembly (Patent Pending) enables the harder PuBe source spectrum (average energy of 4.61 MeV) from a small encapsulated standard 1-Ci PuBe source to be transformed, through interactions in the shield, so that leakage neutrons are shifted in energy and yield to become a close reproduction of the neutron spectrum leaking from a large subcritical mass of WGPu metal (mean energy 2.11 MeV). The utility of this shielded PuBe surrogate for WGPu is clear, since it directly enables detector field testing without the expense and risk of handling large amounts of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) as WGPu. Also, conventional sources using Cf-252, which is difficult to produce, and decays with a 2.7 year half life, could be replaced by this shielded PuBe technology in order to simplify operational use, since a sealed PuBe source relies on Pu-239 (T½=24,110 y), and remains viable for more than hundreds of years. Keywords: neutron sources, Monte Carlo, PuBe, Special Nuclear Materials, radiation transport
When the Mission Is Teaching: Does Nursing Faculty Practice Fit?

Abstract As nursing faculty practice becomes a part of academic life, nursing programs in liberal arts colleges, where the primary mission is teaching, must document not only that practice is scholarship but also that practice conforms to the teaching mission of the institution. Discussions of scholarly practice from the nursing literature, as well as from Schon and Boyer, serve to validate that nursing faculty practice is scholarship. Attributes of scholarly practice, to be used to evaluate nursing practice outcomes, are identified. Finally, the concept of “scholarship in support of teaching”—the standard used to evaluate scholarship at The College of New Jersey, a medium-sized liberal arts college with a school of nursing—is analyzed as a model to document that nursing faculty practice is not only scholarship but also supports the teaching mission of the institution.
Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A systematic review

Statement of problem Developments in ceramic core materials such as lithium disilicate, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide have allowed more widespread application of all-ceramic restorations over the past 10 years. With a plethora of ceramic materials and systems currently available for use, an overview of the scientific literature on the efficacy of this treatment therapy is indicated. Purpose This article reviews the current literature covering all-ceramic materials and systems, with respect to survival, material properties, marginal and internal fit, cementation and bonding, and color and esthetics, and provides clinical recommendations for their use. Material and methods A comprehensive review of the literature was completed seeking evidence for the treatment of teeth with all-ceramic restorations. A search of English language peer-reviewed literature was undertaken using MEDLINE and PubMed with a focus on evidence-based research articles published between 1996 and 2006. A hand search of relevant dental journals was also completed. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled studies, longitudinal experimental clinical studies, longitudinal prospective studies, and longitudinal retrospective studies were reviewed. The last search was conducted on June 12, 2007. Data supporting the clinical application of all-ceramic materials and systems was sought. Results The literature demonstrates that multiple all-ceramic materials and systems are currently available for clinical use, and there is not a single universal material or system for all clinical situations. The successful application is dependent upon the clinician to match the materials, manufacturing techniques, and cementation or bonding procedures, with the individual clinical situation. Conclusions Within the scope of this systematic review, there is no evidence to support the universal application of a single ceramic material and system for all clinical situations. Additional longitudinal clinical studies are required to advance the development of ceramic materials and systems.
Controlling Two-Dimensional Tethered Vesicle Motion Using an Electric Field: Interplay of Electrophoresis and Electro-Osmosis

We recently introduced methods to tether phospholipid vesicles or proteoliposomes onto a fluid-supported lipid bilayer using DNA hybridization (Yoshina-Ishii, C.; Miller, G. P.; Kraft, M. L.; Kool, E. T.; Boxer, S. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1356-1357). These intact tethered vesicles diffuse in two dimensions parallel to the supporting membrane surface. In this article, we report the dynamic response of individual tethered vesicles to an electric field applied parallel to the bilayer surface. Vesicles respond to the field by moving in the direction of electro-osmotic flow, and this can be used to reversibly concentrate tethered vesicles against a barrier. By adding increasing amounts of negatively charged phosphatidylserine to the supporting bilayer to increase electro-osmosis, the electrophoretic mobility of the tethered vesicles can be increased. The electro-osmotic contribution can be modeled well by a sphere connected to a cylindrical anchor in a viscous membrane with charged headgroups. The electrophoretic force on the negatively charged tethered vesicles opposes the electro-osmotic force. By increasing the amount of negative charge on the tethered vesicle, drift in the direction of electro-osmotic flow can be slowed; at high negative charge on the tethered vesicle, motion can be forced in the direction of electrophoresis. The balance between these forces can be visualized on a patterned supporting bilayer containing negatively charged lipids that reorganize in an externally applied electric field to create a gradient of charge within a corralled region. The charge gradient at the surface creates a gradient of electro-osmotic flow, and vesicles carrying similar amounts of negative charge can be focused to a region perpendicular to the applied field where electrophoresis is balanced by electro-osmosis, away from the corral boundary. Electric fields are effective tools to direct tethered vesicles and concentrate them and to measure the tethered vesicle's electrostatic properties.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin on Killing of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen associated with aggressive periodontitis, resists phagocytic killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). It is susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which PMNs actively accumulate. This study tested the hypothesis that ciprofloxacin-loaded PMNs are more effective at killing A. actinomycetemcomitans than control PMNs. Isolated human PMNs were loaded by brief incubation with 0.5 μg of ciprofloxacin/ml. Opsonized bacteria (ATCC 43718) were incubated at 37°C with control and ciprofloxacin-loaded PMNs and in the presence and absence of 0.5 μg of ciprofloxacin/ml. When assayed at bacteria-to-PMN ratios of 30:1 and 90:1, ciprofloxacin-loaded PMNs killed significantly more bacteria and achieved significantly shorter half times for killing than control PMNs (P < 0.05; Tukey's test). At ratios of 3:1 and 10:1, these differences were not significant.
Toxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon in a transgenic mouse model of the human paraoxonase (PON1) Q192R polymorphism.

The Q192R polymorphism of paraoxonase (PON1) has been shown to affect hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds. The Q192 and R192 alloforms exhibit equivalent catalytic efficiencies of hydrolysis for diazoxon, the oxon form of the pesticide (DZ). However, the R192 alloform has a higher catalytic efficiency of hydrolysis than does the Q192 alloform for chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO), the oxon form of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPS). The current study examined the relevance of these observations for in-vivo exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon. Methods Using a transgenic mouse model we examined the relevance of the Q192R polymorphism for exposure to CPS and CPO in vivo. Transgenic mice were generated that expressed either human PON1Q192 or PON1R192 at equivalent levels, in the absence of endogenous mouse PON1. Dose-response and time course experiments were performed on adult mice exposed dermally to CPS or CPO. Morbidity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain and diaphragm were determined in the first 24 h following exposure. Results Mice expressing PON1Q192 were significantly more sensitive to CPO, and to a lesser extent CPS, than were mice expressing PON1R192. The time course of inhibition following exposure to 1.2 mg/kg CPO revealed maximum inhibition of brain AChE at 6?12 h, withmore » PON1R192, PON1Q192, and PON1? /? mice exhibiting 40, 70 and 85% inhibition, respectively, relative to control mice. The effect of PON1 removal on the dose?response curve for CPS exposure was remarkably consistent with a PBPK/PD model of CPS exposure. Conclusion These results indicate that individuals expressing only the PON1Q192 allele would be more sensitive to the adverse effects of CPO or CPS exposure, especially if they are expressing a low level of plasma PON1Q192.« less
Organochlorines and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cancerous and noncancerous breast tissue: do the data support the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage caused by organochlorines affects breast cancer?

A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage caused by exposure to organochlorines is an important risk factor in breast cancer. This is the first study that evaluates this hypothesis by measuring 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and isomers of bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-dichloroethane (DDE) in cancerous and noncancerous tissue. We measured these compounds in 44 primary tumors (cancerous) and 21 benign breast biopsy (noncancerous) tissues. Overall, no significant differences were observed in the level of the organochlorines between the tissues. The median concentration for 8-OHdG was 10.5 fmol/mg DNA (1.7/105 deoxyguanosine residues), and 8.5 fmol/mg DNA (1.4/105 deoxyguanosine residues) in cancerous and noncancerous tissue, respectively. These values are similar to background levels. No significant differences were observed in 8-OHdG levels in cancerous versus noncancerous tissue, and no correlation was demonstrated between the organochlorines and 8-OHdG. The data thus do not support the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage caused by exposure to organochlorines is an important risk factor in breast cancer.
Flow Boiling Characteristics in a Fractal-Like Branching Microchannel Network

This study evaluates flow instability and void fraction in a fractal-like branching microchannel network. The flow network is characterized by set branching ratios for channel length and width of 1/2 and 2, respectively, and features five branching levels. The hydraulic diameter of the channels ranged from 308μm at the inlet to 143μm at the outlet. Test were performed using water heated to an 88°C at the inlet with a mass flow rate of 10g/min. Heat fluxes of 1.76 W/cm2 and 2.64 W/cm2 were applied to the test device for the given flow rate. An upstream control valve was used to throttled the flow with a pressure drop approximately 100 times larger than the pressure drop across the test device. For the cases with and without throttling results for inlet pressure oscillation frequency and vapor activity at the inlet of the test device are compared. In addition, time averaged void fraction is compared for each branching level with and without throttling and is compared to predictions from a 1-D model. Results show good agreement between model and experiments for the average void fraction although local values differ significantly.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Colony morphotypes on Congo red agar segregate along species and drug susceptibility lines in the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.

Isolates of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) have long been known to segregate into transparent, opaque and rough colony morphotypes that differ from each other in clinically important parameters including drug susceptibility and virulence. Here the authors report additional morphotypic variation that occurs on two levels: interspecific (between M. avium and M. intracellulare) and intraspecific (within individual M. avium isolates). Clinical isolates of M. avium grown on Congo red (CR) plates formed red, pink or mixed (red and white) opaque colonies, while M. intracellulare isolates formed purely white opaque colonies. A quantitative CR binding assay showed that this interspecific differential applies to transparent as well as opaque colony variants; however, it was less pronounced among laboratory reference strains than among recent clinical isolates. Opaque colonies of M. avium isolates with ‘mixed’ phenotypes segregated into stable opaque red and white variants with shared IS1245 banding patterns (intraspecific segregation). White segregants of M. avium were more flocculent and significantly more resistant to ciprofloxacin and rifamycin drugs than were red segregants. Thus, cultivation on CR agar revealed a previously unknown multi-drug resistant colony morphotype of M. avium.
Does late gadolinium enhancement predict cardiac events in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Despite improved clinical care and heightened public awareness, myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death remain the leading causes of death in the United States.1 For this reason, clinical,2 laboratory,3 and electrocardiographic4 markers to identify those at risk for future cardiac events have been developed. In addition, both invasive (contrast angiography)5,6 and noninvasive (transthoracic echocardiography,7 radionuclide scintigraphy,8 magnetic resonance,9 and computer tomography10) imaging markers have been identified that further supplement the clinical markers to more accurately define cardiac risk. For the most part, these imaging markers rely on rest or stress measures of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction,11 regional wall motion,12 myocardial perfusion,13 or the extent of coronary atherosclerosis.14 With the exception of coronary artery calcification scoring generated from computer tomography image datasets,15 there have been few new imaging markers (introduced during the past 15 years) that add incremental benefit to our ability to identify cardiac risk. Article p 2733 Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac imaging was introduced by Saeed et al16 in 1989, to identify infarcted myocardial tissue during cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). This technique incorporates the administration of relatively inert extracellular gadolinium contrast during gradient-echo inversion recovery imaging.17 On image acquisition, areas of noninfarcted tissue appear dark, and infarcted or fibrotic tissue appears bright because of reduced clearance and increased volume of distribution of the gadolinium.16 This fundamental aspect of delayed enhancement imaging has led to the recent expression, “bright is dead.” Combining the ability to characterize myocardial tissue with the heightened spatial resolution of CMR (voxel sizes are commonly acquired in the range of 1.5×1.5×6 mm), one can appreciate clear, crisp borders of infarct zones that are nearly identical to those observed histopathologically.18 In humans, the technique is reproducible, …
Generalized URV subspace tracking LMS algorithm

The convergence rate of the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm is poor whenever the adaptive filter input auto-correlation matrix is ill-conditioned. We propose a new LMS algorithm to alleviate this problem. It uses a data dependent signal transformation. The algorithm tracks the subspaces corresponding to clusters of eigenvalues of the auto-correlation matrix of the input to the adaptive filter, which have the same order of magnitude. The algorithm updates the projection of the tap weights of the adaptive filter onto each subspace using LMS algorithms with different step sizes. The technique also permits adaptation only in those subspaces, which contain strong signal components leading to a lower excess mean squared error (MSE) as compared to traditional algorithms. >
Lovastatin (mevinolin) in the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. A multicenter study.

Abstract Study Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lovastatin under controlled conditions in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Design:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-...
Structure of the northern Brazilian continental margin

Results from two-ship seismic refraction profiles and supplementary data from several sonobuoys show that typical oceanic crust underlies both the landward and seaward sides of the North Brazilian Ridge. The Ceara Rise is also an oceanic structure, probably formed by local tectonic activity. Sediments of the upper Amazon Cone are more than 11 km thick, but they thin both landward and seaward. Owing to the great sedimentary thickness, refraction arrival times from oceanic basement could not be identified, but basement is assumed to extend under the cone.
The Subsidy of Research Publications

RESEARCH in the anthropological sciences is an everflowing stream; its publication, due to lack of funds, is intermittent. Hence the editors of several professional journals, memoir series, university presses, and other scholarly publications have formidable and growing accumulations of manuscripts. In a first effort to alleviate this situation, the Editorial Council of the American Anthropological Association, aided by Indiana University, conducted a survey of universities and foundations with regard to publication policy. The results of this survey are embodied in the following report. Initial impetus for the survey came from Sol Tax, then chairman of the Editorial Council. In approaching the problem of improving publication in anthropology, Tax came to realize the need for more exact information about current practices and policies. In our efforts to provide some of this information, we have been assisted by Indiana University, which appropriated funds. We wish also to acknowledge the advice and criticism of Vice-President John W. Ashton and Dean Ralph E. Cleland of Indiana University, and the assistance of Elaine K. Ristinen in ordering the data and making statistical computations. The data that follow are the result of two questionnaires, one directed to academic institutions and sent both to administrators and senior faculty members, and the other directed to foundations. In what follows, "anthropology" should be interpreted in its broadest sense, and particularly as including the fields of folklore and linguistics.
On the Interaction between Bathymetry and Climate in the System Dynamics and Preferred Levels of the Great Salt lake

[1] The Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake whose level is determined by the balance between inflows and outflows. We examine the causes for multimodality in the distributions of lake level and hence volume and area that have previously been examined from a system dynamics perspective. We focus on the role of bathymetry in the dynamics of this system and show that some of the modes that are observed and that represent preferred system states are attributable to features of the bathymetry described using the topographic area-volume relationship. Being a terminal lake, the only “outflow” is evaporation, which depends directly on lake area, which adjusts (with stochastic fluctuations) to balance inflows. Where the topographic side slopes are relatively flat and the lake goes through a large change in area for a given increase in level, the outflux evaporation will go through a corresponding large change, tending to stabilize the lake at that point. Conversely, where topographic side slopes are relatively steep, the stabilizing effect is diminished. This effect was quantified using the derivative of the lake area–lake volume function determined from U.S. Geological Survey topographic and bathymetric surveys. We show how some of the observed modes that represent preferred lake volume states are attributable to peaks in this area-volume derivative, while a complete description of the observed distribution of lake volume requires combining the bathymetry represented by the area-volume derivative with a multimodal lake area distribution that may be connected to multimodality in the aggregate hydrological forcing.
Psychotherapy with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the subjective experiences of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in psychotherapy. Which culturally syntonic considerations are necessary for effective psychotherapy with deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals? The findings support the literature on multiculturalism and deafness that entail effective communication, empowerment processes, cultural sensitivity, therapist role flexibility, the imparting of information, and the development of a positive therapeutic relationship. The data focuses on the experience of communicating rather than focusing solely on the acquisition of content as well as the understanding the clinical dynamics of the transcultural relationship in order to make effective use of the social work relationship in treatment. The findings of this study add richness and depth to the existing literature on psychotherapy, with emphasis on the experiential processes of treatment.
An optimal storage management algorithm for PV capacity firming based on weather patterns

This paper presents an optimal battery management and control algorithm for Photo-Voltaic (PV) stations capacity firming. The proposed method uses a dynamic programming based optimization and control architecture to manage the output of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) so that PV station output swings are reduced significantly. First, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and PV station located in a medium voltage distribution network on a North American Power grid is modeled along with the reduced order feeder model. Then, the proposed algorithm is implemented on the distribution feeder based on the feeder data streamed through utility communication infrastructure to the control station. The theoretical formulation, simulation and implementation results are discussed in detail in this paper.
Flint Hills Discovery Center, Manhattan, Kansas

Reviewed exhibit: Flint Hills Discovery Center, Manhattan, Kansas. Robert Workman, outgoing director. Hilferty & Associates, exhibit designers. Opened April 14, 2012.
Growth responses of introduced Frankia strains to edaphic factors

A considerable amount of information is available on root nodule formation of the nitrogen fixing actinomycete Frankia and its host plants; however, studies on Frankia populations in soil, its second ecological niche, are generally hampered by the complexity of soil systems and the lack of adequate quantification methods for frankiae. The aim of this study was, using recently developed quantitative PCR methods, to follow population dynamics of introduced Frankia strains in soil microcosms under different edaphic conditions. Populations dynamics of four Frankia strains (ArI3, Ag45/Mut15, CcI3 and EAN1pec) representing frankiae of the Alnus host infection group (i.e. subgroups I and II infective on Alnus species, Casuarina-infective frankiae) and frankiae of the Elaeagnus host infection group, respectively, were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a factorial design of microcosms with two plant species (A. glutinosa, C. equisetifolia), two potential carbon resources (rhizosphere, leaf litter), and two matric potentials (wet, dry). Introduction of frankiae into soil resulted in about 10-fold declines in abundance within the first 6 weeks of incubation in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, independently of plant species, leaf litter amendment and matric potential. While this decline continued in bulk soil during an additional 6 week period, numbers in the rhizosphere recovered and increased to values close to- or exceeding those of introduced frankiae. Independently of plant species, carbon resource or matric potential, cell numbers of strain EAN1pec recovered to inoculum values in nearly all treatment combinations, while those of strain ArI3 remained low. Strain Ag45/Mut15 recovered most prominently in the rhizosphere in leaf-litter-amended microcosms, regardless of plant species and matric potential, while cell numbers of Casuarina-infective Frankia strain CcI3 recovered only in the presence of C. equisetifolia, with higher numbers in the presence of leaf litter and under dry conditions. These results demonstrate differential effects of environmental conditions including plant species, carbon resources, and matric potentials on the fate of specific Frankia strains in soil, and identifies factors potentially affecting subpopulations of indigenous frankiae under natural conditions.
Paternal B Vitamin Intake Is a Determinant of Growth, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Tumor Volume in Female Apc1638N Mouse Offspring.

The following information is missing from the Funding section: Funding was provided by NCI (National Cancer Institute) 1 R03CA162505-1 with an Administrative Supplement from the Office of Dietary Supplements.