cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and functional bracing on translation of the tibia relative to the femur during nonweightbearing and weightbearing.

BackgroundMuch of what is known about functional bracing is derived from studies of the knee during unweighted or weightbearing conditions, whereas little is known about the transition between these postures.HypothesisBracing the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee during nonweightbearing, throughout the transition to weightbearing, and during weightbearing reduces the abnormal translations of the tibia relative to the femur to within the limits of normal.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsSubjects with chronic anterior cruciate ligament tears were studied with and without braces. Anteroposterior shear and compressive loads were applied to the knee, and translations of the tibia relative to the femur were measured while subjects were nonweightbearing, throughout the transition to weightbearing, and during weightbearing.ResultsBracing the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee resulted in a significant reduction of anteroposterior laxity values, to a level within the limits of the norm...
Copper(I) Acetylacetonate

[14220-26-9] C5H7CuO2 (MW 162.65) InChI = 1S/C5H8O2.Cu/c1-4(6)3-5(2)7;/h3,6H,1-2H3;/q;+1/p-1/b4-3-; InChIKey = WSCWRFDXRTYIJO-LNKPDPKZSA-M (catalyst for the decomposition of diazo compounds2 and for Michael addition3, 4) Alternate Names: cuprous acetylacetonate; (2,4-pentanedionato)copper. Physical Data: prepared in situ.1 Solubility: sol dioxane, MeNO2, MeCN, acetic acid.3 Preparative Method: can be prepared by reacting acetylacetone (2,4-Pentanedione) with an ammoniacal solution of CuOH (copper(I) hydroxide).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air-sensitive; irritant.
Metallicity in LaTiO 3 thin films induced by lattice deformation

Orthorhombic bulk ${\text{LaTiO}}_{3}$ is a correlated Mott insulator whose delicate antiferromagnetic insulating ground state can be easily destroyed by cation vacancies, excess oxygen, or alkaline-earth dopants, resulting in metallicity. Here we show that metallic conduction can also be realized in epitaxial ${\text{LaTiO}}_{3}$ thin films on (001) ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates, while films grown on (110) ${\text{DyScO}}_{3}$ and ${\text{GdScO}}_{3}$ substrates are insulating. These results illustrate the sensitivity of electrical transport to lattice effects and demonstrate the tunability of correlated oxide thin-film properties via substrate-induced deformation.
Vitamin B6 metabolism in anaemic and alcoholic man.

Summary. Physiological and pathological factors affecting intracellular red cell vitamin B6 metabolism in normal, anaemic and alcoholic man were studied using a new assay for pyridoxine kinase (PnK) together with saturated and total aspartate aminotransferase (EGOT) activities as indirect indices of intracellular pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) availability. In studies of anaemic states, subjects with iron deficiency anaemia demonstrated elevated levels of both PnK and saturated EGOT, while seven out of 17 subjects with inflammatory anaemia had subnormal PnK but variable saturated EGOT activities. Despite a high incidence of complicating inflammatory disease, alcoholic subjects with or without ring sideroblastic anaemia had elevated levels of both PnK and saturated EGOT. As judged from the saturated EGOT and the ratio unsaturated EGOT/saturated EGOT, intracellular PLP availability was always appropriate to the higher levels of PnK activity.
Advances in single-beacon one-way-travel-time acoustic navigation for underwater vehicles

This paper reports the formulation and evaluation of a centralized extended Kalman filter designed for a novel navigation system for underwater vehicles. The navigation system employs Doppler sonar, depth sensors, synchronous clocks, and acoustic modems to achieve simultaneous acoustic communication and navigation. The use of a single moving reference beacon eliminates the requirement for the underwater vehicle to remain in a bounded navigable area; the use of underwater modems and synchronous clocks enables range measurements based on one-way time-of-flight information from acoustic data-packet broadcasts. The acoustic data packets are broadcast from a single, moving reference beacon and can be received simultaneously by multiple vehicles within acoustic range. We report results from a simulated deep-water survey and real field data collected from an autonomous underwater vehicle survey in 4000 m of water on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge with an independent long-baseline navigation system for ground truth.
Intracranial pressure. Sequential measurements in full-term and preterm infants.

• Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured sequentially using a pressure-activated fiberoptic device that is placed over the anterior fontanel in 120 full-term and 53 preterm infants during the first week after birth. Mean birth weight in full-term infants was 3,527 g (range, 2,720 to 4,620 g) and in preterm infants was 1,695 g (range, 1,130 to 2,440 g). Mean ICP was 12.6, 12.1, and 11.4 cm H 2 O on days 1, 2, and 3 in full-term infants, and was 10.2, 17.0, 11.0, 8.9, and 7.3 cm H 2 O on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 in preterm infants. The values in preterm infants did not seem to be related to differences in Apgar scores, but higher values were seen in infants treated with continuous positive airway pressure administered by nasal prongs (before the method of fixation was changed). More stable values have been seen recently in preterm infants, which may reflect changes in care (eg, less hypoxemia). ( Am J Dis Child 1981;135:521-524)
The Many Faces of Hypokalemia

Bartter's syndrome is clinically important in the differential diagnosis of hypokalemia associated with inappropriate kaliuresis in adults. In children, short stature and failure to thrive represent manifesting clinical features. The syndrome classically is defined by the combined presence of hypokalemic alkalosis, inappropriate kaliuresis, hyperaldosteronism, hyperreninemia, and overproduction of renal prostaglandins (PGs) (PGE and prostacyclin) in the setting of normal BP and relative vascular resistance to the pressor effects of angiotensin II and norepinephrine. 1-3 Histologic examination of renal tissue typically discloses hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 1 Despite the seemingly explicit nature of this constellation of biochemical abnormalities, functional vascular derangements, and histopathologic changes, no precise or unique pathogenesis for this syndrome has been delineated with certainty. The most recent pathogenetic clue derives from the demonstration of defective reabsorption of chloride ions in the loop of Henle. 2 Notably, neither hypokalemia nor the defect in chloride reabsorption is corrected by
A new practitioner’s guide to antimicrobial stewardship

It is commonly quoted that up to 50% of antimicrobial use is inappropriate.[1][1] Notably, antimicrobial use is the principal driver of resistance development, frequently causes adverse effects, and is associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). At the same time, the approval of new
French Tenses Again

Author's Summary— The passe surcompose exists but is not widely used. How the French usually express anteriority in a subordinate clause.
Receptivity to Protective Garments among the Elderly

Hip fractures among elders resulting from falls are a growing concern as the proportion of elders increases and health care costs mount. A recent innovation is the development of an undergarment worn to protect against hip injuries. This study attempted to determine whether a community population of elders would be receptive to wearing such a garment and the characteristics of those who would and would not be receptive. It was assumed that receptivity can be predicted by variables that have been shown to relate to risks of falling. Predictor characteristics represent three domains: demographic/predisposition, health/mobility, and social support. A logistic regression procedure was employed to determine the probability and odds of receptivity among elders given a profile of specific characteristics. Results were interpreted with reference to past research on risks of falling.
Anabolic–androgenic steroid effects on nociception and morphine antinociception in male rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) on nociception and morphine antinociception in acute pain models, as well as on chronic inflammatory nociception. In Experiment 1, adult, gonadally intact male rats were injected s.c. for 28 days with either 5 mg/kg testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), stanozolol (STAN), or safflower oil vehicle (N = 12–25/group). On day 28, rats in each group were tested on acute thermal and mechanical nociceptive assays, before and after morphine treatment. In Experiment 2, rats in each group (N = 8–10/group) were injected with mineral oil or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into one hindpaw after 28 days of AAS treatment, and then tested for thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, inflammation and locomotor suppression intermittently for 28 days. Experiment 3 replicated nociceptive measurements in Experiments 1 and 2, but with a single AAS or vehicle injection occurring 3 h prior to testing (N = 10–12/group). While chronic AAS administration tended to decrease body weight gain and alter reproductive organ weights in the expected manner, it did not significantly alter acute nociception nor attenuate the development of various chronic pain indices after CFA administration. Morphine antinociceptive potency was significantly decreased by chronic DHT on the hotplate test only. Acute AAS administration also did not significantly alter acute or chronic nociception, or morphine antinociceptive potency. Comparisons between acute and chronic AAS administration suggest that steroid tolerance did not occur in rats treated with AAS chronically. Taken together, these data do not support the hypothesis that AAS exposure alters nociception or morphine antinociception in gonadally intact males.
Microbiological studies of carious dentine from human teeth with irreversible pulpitis

Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were made from 29 extracted teeth with irreversible pulpitis to identify the predominant flora in different parts of deep carious lesions. Most isolates were Gram-positive rods, in which lactobacilli were the most frequent organisms, then other Gram-positive, non-branching rods. Gram-positive cocci were the next most common; only a low number of Streptococcus mutans was recovered. Two types of carious lesions were found, one with high numbers of lactobacilli, the other with low. In the 15 lesions with high numbers, lactobacilli constituted 91.9% of the total flora at the pulpal site and gradually decreased in number as the sampling moved away from the pulp. Strep. mutans and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were not recovered from pulpal or deep carious sites in this group. In the 14 lesions with low numbers of lactobacilli, the flora was diverse. Gram-positive cocci, anaerobic Gram-positive non-branching rods, branching rods and/or Bacteroides were the main isolates in a few of this group.
Effects of L-glutamate and GABA on the response of expiratory neurons to mechanical loads.

Expiratory neurons in the area of the nucleus retroambigualis were studied in anesthetized cats to determine their responsiveness to the iontophoretic application of the putative neurotransmiters, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous studies with glutamate and GABA revealed that these two substances were very effective in modulating the spontaneous activity of phasic medullary respiratory neurons. Mechanical loading of expiration, both resistive and elastic, was employed to test whether the presence of these transmitter substances altered the sensitivity of the expiratory cell to its volume related vagal input. Expiratory unit activity analysis included: spikes/burst, burst duration, and average firing rate. Addition of mechanical loads on expiration caused consistent increases in all parameters monitored. Iontophoretically applied glutamate (x = 65 nA) resulted in modest increases in all parameters. When mechanical loads were applied in the presence of a sustained level of glutamate the effects were additive. The general shape of the firing profile observed with loading remained essentially unchanged. Application of GABA (x = 46 nA) resulted in a significant decrease in the parameters monitored. However, as long as phasic activity remained, loads applied in the presence of GABA produced approximately the same absolute change as they did during control. Some cells exposed to high concentrations of GABA lost their phasic activity. This study suggests that either the synaptically activated receptors are not affected by glutamate or that these particular sites are not accessible via iontophoretic application. GABA depressed the activity of the cells in a graded fashion, but in modest concentrations did not interfere with the overall effectiveness of the vagally mediated input.
Serial assessment of laser Doppler flow during acute pain crises in sickle cell disease.

Abstract Changes in basal laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) of skin blood flow in sickle cell disease are reported to have pathophysiologic relevance in pain crisis. This is the first study to strictly control for LDF variability in determining the value of serial, basal (unprovoked) skin LDF as a practical method to assess resolution of acute pain crisis in sickle cell patients. Daily LDF measurements were repeated on the exact same skin areas of the calf and forehead throughout each of 12 hospital admissions for uncomplicated acute pain crisis. A progressive increase in perfusion was observed in the calf throughout hospitalization as pain crisis resolved, but measurement reproducibility in the calf was poor. Reproducibility in the forehead was better, but no significant trend over time in perfusion was seen. There was no significant correlation between perfusion and pain scores over time. There was also no significant pattern of LDF oscillations over time. In conclusion, only perfusion units and not oscillatory patterns of LDF have probable pathophysiological significance in sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion. The reproducibility of basal skin LDF specifically in sickle cell disease needs to be confirmed.
Estimating confidence intervals for the difference in diagnostic accuracy with three ordinal diagnostic categories without a gold standard

With three ordinal diagnostic categories, the most commonly used measures for the overall diagnostic accuracy are the volume under the ROC surface (VUS) and partial volume under the ROC surface (PVUS), which are the extensions of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and partial area under the ROC curve (PAUC), respectively. A gold standard (GS) test on the true disease status is required to estimate the VUS and PVUS. However, oftentimes it may be difficult, inappropriate, or impossible to have a GS because of misclassification error, risk to the subjects or ethical concerns. Therefore, in many medical research studies, the true disease status may remain unobservable. Under the normality assumption, a maximum likelihood (ML) based approach using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation is proposed. Three methods using the concepts of generalized pivot and parametric/nonparametric bootstrap for confidence interval estimation of the difference in paired VUSs and PVUSs without a GS are compared. The coverage probabilities of the investigated approaches are numerically studied. The proposed approaches are then applied to a real data set of 118 subjects from a cohort study in early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the Washington University Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center to compare the overall diagnostic accuracy of early stage AD between two different pairs of neuropsychological tests.
Simulation Studies of a Helical m-Phenylene Ethynylene Foldamer

The folded state of an oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene) foldamer solvated in water is examined using a 30 ns NpT molecular dynamics simulation. The 18-monomer oligomer with methyl ester exterior side groups maintains a helical structure, where turns of the helix are in close contact throughout the simulation. The structure exhibits large fluctuations in both the radius of the interior cylindrical pore and the effective dihedral angle between monomers. The radius fluctuations are correlated with the number of water molecules within the helical pore. The folded state is found to be surprisingly flexible while maintaining a helical structure.
Self-assembly of 5-octadecyloxyisophthalic acid and its coadsorption with terephthalic acid

Abstract The structure of the self-assembled monolayer of pure 5-octadecyloxyisophthalic acid (5OIA), and the coadsorption monolayer of 5OIA and terephthalic acid, is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid–solid interface. 5OIA self-assembles into a monolayer comprised of different structures. For the major phase, 5OIA molecules alternately pack with opposite enantiotopic faces in a lamella, giving lamellae with a chain-to-trough angle of ∼88°. Two adjacent lamellae are assembled together by a hydrogen-bonding network between two carboxylic acid groups from each lamella. In the self-assembled monolayer of the mixture solution of 5OIA and terephthalic acid, 5OIA molecules coadsorb with terephthalic acid and therefore form two stoichiometric multi-component domains. Each domain has a molar ratio of 2:1 for 5OIA and terephthalic acid. For each component (5OIA or terephthalic acid), the two coadsorption structures exhibit opposite chirality.
The effect of intracerebroventricular D-ALA2 methionine enkephalinamide and naloxone on cardiovascular parameters in the cat

Lathers and Schraeder (1) have shown that autonomic dysfunction is associated with epileptogenic activity induced by pentylenetetrazol while Vindrola et al (2) found increased D-ALA2 methionine-enkephalinamide (DAME) levels in the rat brain after pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptogenic activity. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether DAME could have contributed, at least in part, to the autonomic dysfunction associated with pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptogenic activity in the study of Lathers and Schraeder (1). DAME (500 micrograms/kg, icv) was given to 9 cats anesthetized with alpha chloralose. Epileptogenic activity and hypotension occurred in all cats (maximum fall ranging from 6 to 46 mmHg; duration of 6 to 35 min). In 6 cats the heart rate decreased, in 2 it increased, and in 1 it showed little or no change. The duration of heart rate changes varied from 18 to 76 min. Naloxone (100 micrograms/kg, iv) was given to 6 cats after DAME. Naloxone suppressed or abolished the epileptogenic activity in all 6 cats, reversed the DAME-induced hypotension and increased the heart rate in 3 cats, decreased it in 2, and produced no change in 1. These results indicate that DAME may produce epileptogenic activity and cardiovascular changes through an action on central opiate receptors. It is hypothesized that: 1) increased levels of DAME inhibit the release of gamma aminobutyric acid; 2) this then increases vagal bradycardia and hypotension; and 3) step 2 causes an imbalance in peripheral autonomic cardiac neural discharge which may cause arrhythmias and/or sudden unexplained death in the epileptic person.
Structure and function of the somatosensory system: a neurotoxicological perspective.

The somatosensory system comprises those elements of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) subserving the modalities of touch, vibration, temperature, pain and kinesthesia. Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. Several features of the somatosensory system render regions of it vulnerable to a wide variety of toxicants. The present report highlights these features and , furthermore, suggests that analysis of these regions is invaluable in studying the three most common varieties of toxic neuropathy: toxic distal axonopathy, toxic myelinopathy and toxic sensory neuronopathy.
Simple frictional model for interacting vortices in an isotropic type-II superconductor

Abstract In a simple model for an isotropic superconducting thin-plate sample, repulsive intervortex forces are balanced by surface forces produced by an external field (H) and by frictional forces representing the effects of pinning and unpinning on displaced vortices. For the field-cooled state, the uniform vortex density plus the empirical fact that the average flux density ( B ) and H are essentially equal yield an operational inverse-square dependence of the intervortex force on the intervortex spacing. For the zero-field-cooled state, expressions are then derived for the hysteretic changes of B with H and for the associated flux-density profiles across the sample thickness, where the vortices are considered to interact individually or collectively (as bundles) with the pinning centers. For various values of a vortex-bundling parameter and for a scaling parameter linked to the saturation remanence, the calculated hysteretic properties are compared to experimental data on polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7 and (Ba, K)BiO3. For both compounds, the comparison appears to favor a non-zero but small degree of vortex bundling, for which the predicted properties resemble those of the simple critical-state model of Bean (where vortex bundling is not considered).
Dean Acheson, the JCS and the ‘single package’: American policy on German rearmament, 1950

Historians have largely accepted Dean Acheson's claim that, in preparation for the 1950 New York conference, the Joint Chiefs of Staff forced him to adopt the so‐called ‘single package’ tactic: the Americans would only increase their military presence in Western Europe if the Europeans agreed to rearm West Germany. However, the documentary record reveals that it was Acheson and the civilians of the State Department who controlled decision making on this issue. While this case should provide political scientists with more evidence that civil‐military relations in the Truman administration followed a ‘traditional administrative’ model, it should also lead historians to revise their understanding of American foreign policy making from 1949 to 1953, particularly Dean Acheson's reputation as a cautious statesman who managed the Western alliance as a democratic partnership.
Immunohistochemical localization of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys.

Type X collagen is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix in cartilage destined to mineralize during endochondral ossification, yet its role is only now being determined. As a prelude to determining what, if any, alterations occur in the distribution of type X collagen in growth plates of poultry with rickets or tibial dyschondroplasia, our objective in the current study was to determine the distribution of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys from 1 day of age through physeal closure. Proximal tibiotarsi from five male broiler chickens, five female broiler chickens and five male turkeys were collected at 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 98 days of age and processed for immunohistochemistry; a monoclonal antibody for type X collagen was used to demonstrate type X collagen distribution. Our findings indicate that type X collagen is produced in the prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic zones of the avian growth plate and is incorporated into the extracellular matrix in these zones. Furthermore, intracellular type X collagen is markedly decreased in more mature areas of the growth plate, although type X collagen is markedly decreased in more mature areas of the growth plate, although type X collagen remains a prominent component of the extracellular matrix unitl the matrix is completely resorbed. In addition, the distribution of type X collagen is similar in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys at comparable stages of endochondral ossification and distribution of type X collagen in the secondary center of ossification parallels that in the physis.
Semileptonic weak and electromagnetic interactions in nuclei: Recoil polarization in muon capture

Abstract An analysis of the polarization of the recoiling nucleus following the capture of polarized muons by nuclei is performed. New general expressions for abitrary nuclear spin are obtained in terms of the same reduced matrix elements which govern inelastic electron scattering and β -decay. As an application we consider the A = 12 system and study uncertainties in the nuclear structure by using different sets of one-body density matrices. With the canonical values of the weak form factors (i.e. absence of second-class currents) we achieve a fairly good agreement with the experimental data including the inelastic form factor at high momentum transfers and the recently measured average 12 B polarization. Implications Of the new corrected value of the average polarization on weak form factors and nuclear structure are discussed.
Thin Bonded Concrete Overlays in Illinois: Preliminary Report on Performance

In recent years, two bonded concrete overlays (BCO) were constructed in Illinois. The first was constructed in 1994-1995 on a section of Interstate 80 (I-80) east of Moline. The second BCO was placed in 1996 on a section of Interstate 88 (I-88) further east of Moline. Both the I-80 and the I-88 BCO sections were placed on 203-mm (8-in.) thick continuously reinforced concrete pavements. The I-80 BCO was designed as a 102-mm (4-in.) thick plain concrete overlay. It includes six experimental sections with various percentages of microsilica added to the standard mix design and different bonding agents between the original pavement and the BCO. The I-88 BCO was designed as a 76-mm (3-in.) thick plain concrete overlay. It includes two experimental sections involving different surface preparation methods before BCO placement. Performance of the BCO to date is summarized. Visual distress surveys were conducted annually on selected test sections of the I-80 and I-88 overlays. The I-80 and I-88 overlays were also t...
Balloon-assisted clipping of a large paraclinoidal aneurysm: a salvage procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical clipping and parent vessel reconstruction of wide-neck paraclinoid aneurysms can be very challenging. We report a case of a ruptured paraclinoid aneurysm which failed standard clipping techniques. We were able to reconstruct this aneurysm while providing proximal and distal control using an adjuvant endovascular balloon. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman presenting with a ruptured large paraclinoidal aneurysm, which involved a significant portion of the internal carotid artery wall. INTERVENTION: Repeated attempts at fenestrated clip placement resulted in slipping of the clip and occlusion of the parent artery. Ultimately, the aneurysm ruptured at the neck, and, despite trapping and direct aneurysmal suction decompression, significant bleeding was encountered. The bleeding point was packed, and, subsequently, endovascular access was obtained. A balloon was navigated and then inflated across the neck of the aneurysm using C-arm fluoroscopic guidance. The aneurysm was successfully clipped, and intraoperative angiography demonstrated no parent vessel stenosis. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates a salvage procedure in the event of intraoperative rupture and inadequate interruption of local blood flow. Balloon inflation resulted in adequate hemostasis and provided intraluminal support for optimal clip placement while preserving the parent artery.
Fungal Purulent Constrictive Pericarditis in a Heart Transplant Patient

Purulent pericarditis caused by Candida species is rare and is associated with very high mortality. Immunosuppressed transplant patients are particularly susceptible to fungal infections. We report a case of Candida purulent constrictive pericarditis in an immunocompromised heart transplant patient who was treated successfully with antifungal agents, surgical drainage, and pericardiectomy.
From Medical Home to Health Neighborhood: Transforming the Medical Home into a Community-Based Health Neighborhood

From the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT; and Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT; and Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH Social Determinants and the Medical Home
H2S/SO2 removal in the modified‐claus reaction over packed alumina beds

The removal of H2S and SO2 by the modified-Claus reaction was studied in a computer-controlled packed bed system over activated alumina catalyst. The reactor system consisted of two 6.35 × 60.96 cm reactors in parallel and was designed to allow for the axial temperature monitoring and side stream sampling. The H2S/SO2 conversion efficiencies were-evaluated against gas-hourly space velocity (GHSV) ranging from 100 to 12,000 1/hr at the three typical Claus converter conditions for three sizes of Alcoa S-100 Claus catalyst. The conditions for defining the kinetic and thermodynamic regimes of the modified-Claus reaction were reported. The thermodynamic regime was checked and confirmed by the equilibrium predictions of a computer program utilizing the principle of minimization of Gibbs free energy. The possible rate-controlling mechanism in the kinetic regime and the effects of water vapor on the reaction were discussed.
Hamiltonian form for massless higher-spin fermions

The action of the free massless spin-5/2 tensor-spinor field psi/sub munu/ is decomposed into its canonical form. It is shown to depend on a single gauge-invariant helicity +- 5/2 spinor, the transverse-traceless and ..gamma..-transverse part of the spatial components psi/sub i/j, which obeys the ordinary Dirac equation. The remaining nine components are explicitly removed using invariance of the action under three local gauge functions, to each of which is associated a Lagrange multiplier, constraint variable, and gauge component. The analysis of the higher-half-integer-spin cases is then shown to follow in a uniform way, in terms of suitably defined field variables.
AuGEAS: authoritativeness grading, estimation, and sorting

When searching for content in in a large heterogeneous document collections like the World Wide Web it is not easy to know which documents provide reliable authoritative information about a subject. The problem is particularly pointed as it concerns content search for "high-value" informational needs such as retrieving medical information, where the cost of error may be high. In this paper, a method is described for estimating the authoritativeness of a document based on textual, non-topical cues. This method is complementary to estimates of authoritativeness based on link structure, such as the PageRank and HITS algorithms. This method is particularly suited to "high-value" content search where the user is interested in searching for information about a specific topic. A method for combining textual estimates of authoritativeness with link analysis is also presented. The types of textual cues to authoritativeness that are easily computed and utilized by our method are described, as well as the method used to select a subset of cues to increase the computation speed. Methods for applying authoritativeness estimates to re-ranking documents returned from search engines, combining textual authoritativeness with social authority, and use in query expansion are also presented. By combining textual authority with link analysis, a more complete and robust estimate can be made of a document's authoritativeness.
Anthropometric Measurements at Birth and ThreeYears of Age in African-American Children with In Utero Cocaine/Polydrug Exposure † 1205

Anthropometric Measurements at Birth and ThreeYears of Age in African-American Children with In Utero Cocaine/Polydrug Exposure † 1205
Lifetimes of the N 14 5.83-MeV and 6.44-MeV Levels

The lifetimes of the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ 5.83- and 6.44-MeV levels were studied by the Doppler shift attenuation method using the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, p){\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ reaction to populate the levels. The shifts in energy of the 0.73-MeV 5.83\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5.10 transition and the 1.33-MeV 6.44\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5.10 transition were observed between two angles to the beam by recording gamma-ray spectra in coincidence with the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ 5.10\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 transition. From these measurements the mean lifetime of the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ 5.83-MeV level was found to be greater than 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ sec, while the mean lifetime of the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ 6.44-MeV level was found to be (5.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ sec.
Optimal processing of satellite-derived magnetic anomaly data

It is shown how the concept of the power spectrum can be extended to two-dimensional spatial power spectra and how it can be used in determining optimal data processing methods for satellite-derived magnetic anomaly data and planning missions to obtain such data. The analysis techniques are applied to the data set and data-processing procedure described by Mayhew et al. (1980), a study that treats magnetic anomaly data for Australia and the surrounding ocean obtained by the polar orbit POGO series satellites. It is shown that the data-processing method used by Mayhew et al. is approximately equivalent to an invariant two-dimensional linear filter and that it is reasonably close to optimal with respect to accuracy, although some possible improvements are suggested. However, as is usual when filtering data, some real 'signal' is unavoidably removed along with the 'noise' resulting in errors that can be quite large. A method for reducing these errors by using additional data from a medium inclination orbit satellite (for example, 60 deg inclination) is proposed.
Direct patterning of centrosome arrays as templates for the assembly of microtubules

We have achieved, for the first time, the selective patterning of centrosomes onto solid substrates. The use of such patterned centrosome arrays as templates for the directed polymerization of microtubules was also demonstrated. Centrosomes are small organelles in animal cells that serve as nucleation and organization centers of microtubules. Directed assembly of microtubules on the patterned centrosome arrays provides a new route to control the positions and directions of microtubules on surfaces. Combining the patterning of the isolated centrosomes and the directed growth of microtubules may lead to the generation of desired microtubule networks for bio-based nanodevices.
Waterpipe smoking among college students in the United States: a review of the literature.

Abstract Objective: To review the literature on college student waterpipe use with a focus on undergraduates in the United States. Participants: Undergraduate students. Methods: Studies were accessed using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. Searches included combinations of the following keywords: “waterpipe,” “hookah,” “shisha,” “nargila,” “argileh,” “hubble bubble,” “college,” “university,” and “student.” Results: Results demonstrate that approximately 1 in 5 American college students report past-year waterpipe use. Results also suggest that there are a number of established correlates of waterpipe smoking, including male gender, Arab ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and the belief that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Despite its harmful health effects, waterpipe smoking is quite common among college students. Future research with better methodologies and theoretical frameworks are needed to advance the field.
Thermal patterns in the heating and cooling of Iguana iguana and Ctenosaura hemilopha

Abstract 1. 1. Temperatures were measured from cloacal, head, heart, lungs, nostrils and lumbosacral regions of Iguana iguana and Ctenosaura hemilopha as the animals were radiantly heated and allowed to cool. Duration, intensity, area heated and angle of incidence of the heat source were varied. 2. 2. Results were expressed in terms of a modified time constant. Time constants during a typical exposure were ranked as follows: cloaca, head, heart and lung. 3. 3. Nostril time constants suggest countercurrent heat exchange in the upper airways. 4. 4. The time constant for head heating did not differ appreciably from that of the cloaca, indicating a lack of cranial heat sequestration.
Watershed and land use-based sources of trace metals in urban storm water.

Trace metal contributions in urban storm water are of concern to environmental managers because of their potential impacts on ambient receiving waters. The mechanisms and processes that influence temporal and spatial patterns of trace metal loading in urban storm water, however, are not well understood. The goals of the present study were to quantify trace metal event mean concentration (EMC), flux, and mass loading associated with storm water runoff from representative land uses; to compare EMC, flux, and mass loading associated with storm water runoff from urban (developed) and nonurban (undeveloped) watersheds; and to investigate within-storm and within-season factors that affect trace metal concentration and flux. To achieve these goals, trace metal concentrations were measured in 315 samples over 11 storm events in five southern California, USA, watersheds representing eight different land use types during the 2000 through 2005 storm seasons. In addition, 377 runoff samples were collected from 12 mass emission sites (end of watershed) during 15 different storm events. Mean flux at land use sites ranged from 24 to 1,238, 0.1 to 1,272, and 6 to 33,189 g/km 2 for total copper, total lead, and total zinc, respectively. Storm water runoff from industrial land use sites contained higher EMCs and generated greater flux of trace metals than other land use types. For all storms sampled, the highest metal concentrations occurred during the early phases of storm water runoff, with peak concentrations usually preceding peak flow. Early season storms produced significantly higher metal flux compared with late season storms at both mass emission and land use sites. Keywords—Storm water Urban runoff Trace metals Land use First flush
Weak electron–phonon coupling contributing to high thermoelectric performance in n-type PbSe

PbSe is a surprisingly good thermoelectric material due, in part, to its low thermal conductivity that had been overestimated in earlier measurements. The thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, can exceed 1 at high temperatures in both p-type and n-type PbSe, similar to that found in PbTe. While the p-type lead chalcogenides (PbSe and PbTe) benefit from the high valley degeneracy (12 or more at high temperature) of the valence band, the n-type versions are limited to a valley degeneracy of 4 in the conduction band. Yet the n-type lead chalcogenides achieve a zT nearly as high as the p-type lead chalcogenides. This effect can be attributed to the weaker electron–phonon coupling (lower deformation potential coefficient) in the conduction band as compared with that in the valence band, which leads to higher mobility of electrons compared to that of holes. This study of PbSe illustrates the importance of the deformation potential coefficient of the charge-carrying band as one of several key parameters to consider for band structure engineering and the search for high performance thermoelectric materials.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis case panel discussions.

Background: A variety of options are available when deciding on the operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). These include preoperative decisions, intraoperative techniques and postoperative management. Methods: A case-based discussion of two AIS patients chosen by the moderator were presented to three expert panelists as part of the premeeting course at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society meeting. The panelists had seen the preoperative radiographs and clinical photos prior to the panel discussion but did not see the treatment approach by the moderator prior to the meeting. The panel discussion was recorded and the transcription was then edited to include comments from the audience. Results: The panelists first commented on some common preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative strategies including the use of spinal cord monitoring, anchor type, use of cross links and drains. A primary thoracic and a primary thoracolumbar/lumbar curve were presented. The panelists discussed their treatment strategy for each case and comments/questions from the audience were addressed. The panelists then commented on similar cases they had prepared for the meeting. Conclusions: Planning operative treatment of AIS requires careful preoperative assessment of the patient's clinical deformity and radiographs. There is significant variation amongst expert, experienced surgeons when choosing the surgical approach, anchor type, fusion levels, use of cross links, etc. However, all panelists agree that safety is of paramount importance and relies on, meticulous preoperatively planning, careful intraoperative surgical technique, accurate intraoperative spinal cord monitoring and fastidious postoperative followup.
Laser-induced flourescence of the R̄es B2 state of CS2 excited at 3547Å

Abstract Resonance fluorescence of CS 2 , excited by the third harmonic (3547 A) of a Nd:Yag laser, is reported. The laser principally pumps the R(62) line of 0,8.0 ← 0.1 1 0 and R(58, 59) of 0, 10,0 ← 0,2 2 ,0 transitions of the R cs B 2 —X 1 – g − system. Resonance fluorescence resulting from the first of these is the more extensive one, and transitions terminating on vibrational levels up to ca. 12441 cm −1 above the vibrationless ground state are observed and identified. The structured fluorescence is accompanied by a weak pressure-insensitive apparent continuum. The structured fluorescence has a lifetime of 2.8 ± 0.8 μs and a self-quenching cross section of 16 ± 5 A 2 .
Generalized linear models with functional predictors

Summary. We present a technique for extending generalized linear models to the situation where some of the predictor variables are observations from a curve or function. The technique is particularly useful when only fragments of each curve have been observed. We demonstrate, on both simulated and real data sets, how this approach can be used to perform linear, logistic and censored regression with functional predictors. In addition, we show how functional principal components can be used to gain insight into the relationship between the response and functional predictors. Finally, we extend the methodology to apply generalized linear models and principal components to standard missing data problems.
A generalization of Borsuk's pasting theorem and its application

Abstract Let A, B and X be finite-dimensional ANR compacta and let α :A→X and f :A→B be maps such that α restricted to the set Sf={x∈A∣f−1f(x)≠x} is one-to-one. Then the pushout Y of the diagram X α ← A f → B is ANR. We apply this result to a construction of ANRs Mp, p is prime, for which dim(Mp×Mq)≠dimMp+dimMq.
Neutral-boson effects in muonium

The absence of a term which depends linearly on the vector boson mass in the expression for the muonium hyperfine interval is confirmed, in agreement with the result reported by Grotch.
Development of an application specific scintimammography detector based on a crystal scintillator array and a PSPMT

Abstract We report the results of studies conducted with small field of view scintimammography camera based on a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (5″ Hamamatsu R3292) and several pixelized crystal scintillator arrays made of YAP, CsI(Na) and NaI(Tl) scintillators. Laboratory tests and pre-clinical phantom studies were conducted to compare and optimize the performances of the prototypes with special emphasis on spatial resolution (∼2–3 mm) and sufficient energy resolution for scatter rejection.
TOXICITY OF FATTY ACID ESTER HYDROPEROXIDES.

SummaryIntraperitoneal injection of concentrates of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide into adult rats was lethal at a level of about 150 μm per 100 g. Previous injection of equal amounts of tocopherol or ethoxyquin did not change the LD50 level. Sixteen hundred but not 800 μm per 100 g were lethal when administered by stomach tube.
ARETAEUS ON THE DRY SKIN OF DROPSY.

RETA1/;t;S, tile Cappadocian, in tile second century A.D. was clearly conversant with many kinds of liver disease. In On the Causes and Symptoms of Chrouic Diseases, Book I, he refers to the "dropsy" of certain chronic hepatic afflictions, noting what is still true today, that "the best tiling is for it (tile accunmlated water) to be discharged by the urine; for the passage by it (the urine) is safer and less troublesome .... " Later, Aretaeus observes, "Sweating, if copious, carries off the disease . . . for dropsical persons generally have not a moist skin." The relationship between edematous states ("dropsy") and sweating is not entirely clear and requires further investigation, but it is probable that Aretaeus was right. Streeten et al. a have demonstrated that a metabolically provoked increase in aldosterone secretion in normal men is accompanied by a marked fall in the sodium excretion of the sweat glands. Berger and Steele e have also found, in a few patients, reduced sodium loss through perspiration in congestive heart failure and cirrhosis of the liver, but in a large number of children with congestive heart failure, Morgan and Nadas a showed that perspiration, grossly, and sweat sodinm loss, quantitatively, were considerably augmented. However, the factors responsible for sodium retention in cirrhosis and in heart failure are probably not identical, as is so commonly suggested by the efficacy of mercurial diuretics in the latter but not in the former. Moreover, the sympathetic nervous stimulation of heart failure, while variable, may be very strong, and whether neurogenic evocation of sweating or its endocrine suppression prevailed in a given case might well depend upon several independent variables. All things considered, incomplete evidence suggests that the Cappadocian's observation of dry skin in hepatic anasarca was accurate and significant. His empirical conclusion was shared by a patient of mine, a physician, whose duodenal ulcer had been effectively treated by subtotal gastrectomy. The doctor thereafter noted profuse generalized diaphoresis if he ate hastily or drank a malted milk. This manifestation of the "dumping
Measurements of charged-pion production from neutron-proton collisions at 790 MeV

Pion energy spectra from the reactions $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{nn}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pp}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ were measured as a function of the angle at 790 MeV. The angular distribution in the $\mathrm{np}$ center-of-momentum system was given by [$(123.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.7)+(88.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.9){{cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}}^{*}$] \ensuremath{\mu}b/sr. The total cross section for each reaction was found to be 1.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 mb. Evidence for $T=0$ pion production was observed in shape differences between the positive- and negative-pion spectra. However, it was shown that pions are preferentially produced by nucleons in a