cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reinitiates an inflammatory and chondrodegenerative process in the knee joint.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury leads to a sustained increase in synovial fluid concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of cartilage breakdown. While this has been documented post-injury, it remains unclear whether ACL reconstruction surgery contributes to the inflammatory process and/or cartilage breakdown. This study is a secondary analysis of 14 patients (nine males/five females, mean age = 9, mean BMI = 28) enrolled in an IRB-approved randomized clinical trial. Arthrocentesis was performed at initial presentation (mean = 6 days post-injury), immediately prior to surgery (mean = 23 days post-injury), 1-week post-surgery, and 1-month post-surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay kits were used to determine concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type II collagen (CTXII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in the synovial fluid. The log-transformed IL-1β was not normally distributed; therefore, changes between time points were evaluated using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. IL-1β concentrations significantly increased from the day of surgery to the first postoperative time point (P ≤ .001) and significantly decreased at the 4-week postoperative visit (P = .03). IL-1β concentrations at the 4-week postoperative visit remained significantly greater than both preoperative time points (P > .05). IL-6 concentrations at 1-week post-surgery were significantly higher than at initial presentation (P = .013), the day of surgery (P .99) but significantly increased at 4 weeks post-surgery (P < .01). ACL reconstruction appears to reinitiate an inflammatory response followed by an increase in markers for cartilage degradation. ACL reconstruction appears to initiate a second "inflammatory hit" resulting in increased chondral breakdown suggesting that post-operative chondroprotection may be needed.
Multiway Graph Signal Processing on Tensors: Integrative Analysis of Irregular Geometries

Graph signal processing (GSP) is an important methodology for studying data residing on irregular structures. Because acquired data are increasingly taking the form of multiway tensors, new signal processing tools are needed to maximally utilize the multiway structure within the data. In this article, we review modern signal processing frameworks that generalize GSP to multiway data, starting from graph signals coupled to familiar regular axes, such as time in sensor networks, and then extending to general graphs across all tensor modes. This widely applicable paradigm motivates reformulating and improving classical problems and approaches to creatively address the challenges in tensor-based data. We synthesize common themes arising from current efforts to combine GSP with tensor analysis and highlight future directions in extending GSP to the multiway paradigm.
From Occupations to Embedded Skills: A Cross-Country Comparison

This paper derives the skill content of 30 countries, ranging from low-income to high-income ones, from the occupational structure of their economies. Five different skills are defined.. Cross-country measures of skill content show that the intensity of national production of manual skills declines with per capita income in a monotonic way, while it increases for non-routine cognitive and interpersonal skills. For some countries, the analysis is able to trace the development of skill intensities of aggregate production over time. The paper finds that although the increasing intensity of non-routine skills is uniform across countries, patterns of skill intensities with respect to different forms of routine skills differ markedly.
Optimizing clinical phenotyping to better delineate the complex relationship between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, over 5 million adults in the United States over the age of 65 years currently have AD, and this number is expected to exceed 13 million by 2050 in the absence of novel, preventative strategies. Epidemiologic studies have implicated the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) specifically at midlife as a key modifiable risk factor for AD, and AD may increase risk of dysglycemia and T2DM. However, data have been inconsistent with regard to the magnitude of AD risk attributable to T2DM, and the pathways underlying this apparent relationship remain poorly understood. Elucidating the impact of T2DM on AD risk and progression requires greater attention to the myriad facets of T2DM pathophysiology, its comorbid conditions, and attendant treatment modalities, all of which may differentially impact the relationships among T2DM, cognitive decline, and AD. This mini‐review will summarize the discrete facets of T2DM that may influence AD risk and highlight the importance of careful clinical phenotyping in both epidemiologic and interventional studies to better delineate the key pathways and mechanisms linking T2DM and AD.
Top-label calibration and multiclass-to-binary reductions.

We investigate the relationship between commonly considered notions of multiclass calibration and the calibration algorithms used to achieve these notions, leading to two broad contributions. First, we propose a new and arguably natural notion of top-label calibration, which requires the reported probability of the most likely label to be calibrated. Along the way, we highlight certain philosophical issues with the closely related and popular notion of confidence calibration. Second, we outline general 'wrapper' multiclass-to-binary (M2B) algorithms that can be used to achieve confidence, top-label, and class-wise calibration, using underlying binary calibration routines. Our wrappers can also be generalized to other notions of calibration, if required for certain practical applications. We instantiate these wrappers with the binary histogram binning (HB) algorithm, and show that the overall procedure has distribution-free calibration guarantees. In an empirical evaluation, we find that with the right M2B wrapper, HB performs significantly better than other calibration approaches. Code for this work has been made publicly available at https://github.com/aigen/df-posthoc-calibration.
Corrosion behavior of aluminium alloys 2024 and 7075 under simulated marine environment

This study was designed to determine the corrosion rate behaviour of two aluminium materials, alloys 2024 and 7075, exposed to a simulated marine environment by means of a 2k factorial design method. The most important factors influencing the corrosion rate were NaCl concentration, temperature, and exposure time. Generic linear modeling was employed to evaluate the impact of those factors. A statistical test of significance was conducted to determine whether changes in corrosion rates were caused by specific factors. A confidence interval for the effects was established, along with the significance of different interactions for each alloy. In this work, potentiodynamic polarization measurements were used to investigate corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (Icorr), and corrosion rate. The morphology and chemical composition of the immersed samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experimental findings indicate that the proposed statistical models have the potential of accurately representing the performance indicators within the ranges of the factors being examined. The process described will help developing an appropriate approach to future experiments.
“I’ve Lost My Mojo, Baby”

Few studies have explored women’s subjective experiences with Depo-Provera, in particular its impact on their sexual selves and everyday lives. Thirty-four (34) women were interviewed about their experiences using Depo-Provera and other methods of contraception, with interviews analyzed using a thematic narrative analysis approach. A key theme emerging in interviews was decrease in libido (sexual desire) in taking Depo-Provera, which was linked with emotions, body image, and had social ramifications. Four participants’ stories serve as exemplars for exploring subjective complexity. "Lived" accounts of user experiences are essential for overcoming a reductive focus on contraceptive side effects, which elides connections and obscures user understanding. A narrative perspective provides an empirical basis for developing family planning programs and sexual health policies that acknowledge more experientially grounded conceptualizations of women's sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing.
Noninvasive Identification of ATTRwt Cardiac Amyloid: The Re-emergence of Nuclear Cardiology

More than half of all subjects with chronic heart failure are older adults with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Effective therapy for this condition is yet to be delineated by clinical trials, suggesting that a greater understanding of underlying biologic mechanisms is needed, especially for the purpose of clinical intervention and future clinical trials. Amyloid infiltration of the myocardium is an underappreciated contributing factor to HFpEF that is often caused by misfolded monomers or oligomers of the protein transthyretin. While previously called senile cardiac amyloidosis and traditionally requiring endomyocardial biopsy for diagnosis, advances in our pathophysiologic understanding of this condition, coupled with nuclear imaging techniques using bone isotopes that can diagnose this condition noninvasively and the development of potential therapies, have resulted in a renewed interest in this previously considered "rare" condition. This reviewer focuses on the re-emergence of nuclear cardiology using pyrophosphate agents that hold promise for early, noninvasive identification of affected individuals.
Beauty and Pain: Notes on the Art of Richard Selzer

chiefly responsible for changing Western ideas of beauty. His Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) founded the infant discipline of aesthetics on a division as relentless and fatal as the Cartesian split between matter and thought. In the Enquirybezuty loses all its ancient (classical and Christian) associations with knowledge, truth, goodness, and wisdom. Plato, for example, considered beauty the proper goal of love. The true lover is a nascent philosopher?the true philosopher an enlightened lover?because the passion for individual beauty leads finally to the love of truth (philosophy) itself. "Man seeks to be near beauty," as Paul Friedl?nder summarizes the view espoused by Socrates, "because the soul 's wings grow at the sight of beauty. " In Burke's Enquiry the soul has lost its wings, and the lover has lost his soul. "We must conclude," writes Burke, "that beauty is, for the greater part, some quality in bodies, acting mechanically upon the human mind by the intervention of the senses." Beauty, it turns out, is whatever produces the sensation of love, and what produces the sensation of love is anything appropriately small, graceful, varied, soft, colorful, undulating, delicate, mild, sweet, muted, or elegant. It is not coincidental that most of these qualities meet in the female figure. For Burke, beauty (in a choice which would have baffled the Greeks) is exclusively feminine. Missing but implicit is the standard accoutrement of parasol and corset, lisp, fainting spells, and tears. "Beauty in distress," adds Burke, as if winking to the new entrepreneurs of sentiment, "is much the most affecting beauty." The beautiful here stands completely defrauded of any cognitive or spiritual power: helpless, domestic, and trivial. Burke believed that he had advanced knowledge by discovering the psychological laws and social purpose of beauty?as the force which unites solitary individuals in a community of love?but his real achievement was to reduce the beautiful to a list of arbitrary forms and qualities. It occupies the exhausted category which we find reserved today for movie stars, sunsets, rainbows, swimsuit competitions, old works of art, and little fuzzy animals who don't bite. With such an inheritance, it is hardly surprising that beauty is no longer among the primary aims or subjects of serious art. Artists who elect to pursue the beautiful reclaim it?like Baudelaire and Picasso?through deliberate strategies of dismemberment.
REPRESSION BY ADENINE OF THE FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE IN AN ANTIFOLIC-RESISTANT MUTANT OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS.

Albrecht, Alberta M. (Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, N.Y.), and Dorris J. Hutchison. Repression by adenine of the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in an antifolic-resistant mutant of Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 87:792–798. 1964.—In an amethopterin-resistant mutant of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 8043 under cultivation conditions requiring purine synthesis de novo, both the dihydrofolate reductase and the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase were formed as constant fractions of the total protein synthesized during the exponential phase of growth. When excess adenine was added to the medium, the rate of formation of the synthetase was markedly decreased, i.e., repressed. Under these latter conditions, the synthesis of the reductase proceeded at a rate equal to that observed in the absence of adenine. The repressibility of the synthetase by adenine was demonstrated also by the decrease in rate of synthetase formation upon the addition of adenine to a culture actively synthesizing this enzyme. Guanine and hypoxanthine, like adenine, also repressed the synthetase; exogenous xanthine was less effective. Neither of the pyrimidines, thymine and uracil, at approximately 1 μg/ml, interfered with synthesis of the two enzymes.
Polyribosome metabolism in bacteriophage T4 infected Escherichia coli. General properties.

Abstract Polysome metabolism in T4 infected Escherichia coli was investigated. It was found that all ribosomes present in T4 polysomes are engaged in protein synthesis, that the percentage of ribosomes in T4 polysomes is constant throughout infection, and that the average rate of translation on T4 polysomes is constant throughout infection and independent of polysome size.
Constructing Matched Sets and Strata

This chapter discusses the construction of matched sets or strata when there are several, perhaps many, observed covariates x. There are three topics: the propensity score, the form of an optimal stratification, and the construction of optimal matched sets. This introduction summarizes the main issues and findings.
Microwave tokamak experiment (MTX) status and plans

Summary Form only given, as follows. The MTX program has focused on ohmic operation of the tokamak (Alcator-C), construction of the free-electron laser (FEL) microwave source and quasi-optical transport system, and preparation for the first measurements of absorption. The first microwave pulses from the FEL to the tokamak were planned for the spring of 1989. Measurements of the absorption of single, high-peak-power pulses (140 GHz, 2 GW, 20 ns) will follow. Thereafter the FEL will be upgraded to generate pulses at 5 kHz for 10 ms, providing an average power 0.5-1.0 MW, and then further upgraded to 250 GHz and 2 MW average power. Several diagnostics have been prepared for the initial microwave absorption experiments. These include microwave measurements, fast X-ray and cyclotron emission from the heated electrons, Thomson scattering from the tail, and fast magnetic probe measurements. Modeling of absorption and wave refraction have been done, and a computer database has been established for rapid analysis of the experimental results and comparison with theoretical predictions. Following the upgrade to multiple-pulse operation and subsequent absorption measurements, experiments on heating and transport will be carried out. Attention will be directed to heating in peaked density profiles generated by pellet injection and to the effects of varying the power deposition profile. >
Audio location: accurate low-cost location sensing

Audio location is a technique for performing accurate 3D location sensing using off-the-shelf audio hardware. The use of off-the-shelf hardware allows audio location deployment to be low-cost and simple for users, as compared to other currently available centimetre-scale location sensing systems which have significant custom hardware and installation labour requirements. Another advantage of audio location is the ability to locate users who are not carrying any special location-enabling “tag”, by using sounds that the user themselves can make such as finger clicking. Described herein are the various design parameters for audio location systems, the applicability of audio location for novel 3D user interfaces based on human sounds, and a quantitative evaluation of a working prototype.
Mechanism of action of lonidamine in the 9L brain tumor model involves inhibition of lactate efflux and intracellular acidification

Malignant gliomas have been associated with a high rate of glycolytic activity which is believed necessary to sustain cellular function and integrity. Since lonidamine (LND) is believed to reduce tumor glucose utilization by inhibition of the mitochondrially-bound glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (HK), 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to noninvasively follow the effects of LND on both tumor pH and the high-energy phosphate metabolites; ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in subcutaneous rat 9L gliosarcomas. 31P tumor spectra acquired in 5 min intervals pre- and post LND administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. revealed an acidotic pH shift of − 0.25 and − 0.45 pH units, respectively within 30 min post administration. The ATP/Pi ratio of 9L tumors decreased to 40% of control and Pi levels increased to 280% of control over a 3 hr period. LND exerted no effect on tumor blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure. Brain and muscle metabolite levels and pH were also unaffected by LND. In vitro measurements of cultured 9L tumor cell intra- and extracellular lactate, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and hexokinase (HK) activities suggest that the mode of action of LND involves inhibition of lactate efflux and intracellular acidification. The selective reduction of tumor energy metabolites and pH by LND may be exploitable for sensitizing gliomas to radiation, chemotherapy or hyperthermia.
Fabrication and characterization of THz plasmonic filter

Terahertz imaging systems have applications for explosives detection, aircraft guidance and landing in zero-visibility weather condition, as well as terrestrial and astronomical remote sensing. These critical applications need a variety of optical elements in the THz frequency, which has yet to be explored. In this paper, we demonstrate a high pass THz filter which utilizes the lowered plasma frequency of thin metal wire structures. The microstereolithography technique is applied to fabricate the 2D lattice of thin metal cylinders. The reflection property of the filter is characterized by FTIR, and the plasma frequency is determined at 0.7 THz, which agrees with the approximate theory.
Rethinking emerging market equities

The Mexican financial crisis of late 1994 and early 1995 resulted in a linked collapse of stock market values in almost all developing countries, regardless of economic policies or performance. The contagion effect was clear, and much commented on, if not fully explainable by either theory or past experience. Other Latin American equity markets, being close to ground zero, universally declined by 15–30% in less than a month, as did markets in Asia, where equity indexes in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taipei, Seoul and Bangkok dropped 10–15% in a matter of days. Markets in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic fell by similar amounts see (Figure 1). Overall, the International Finance Corporation’s IFCI Latin America Index lost 19% during the calendar year 1995; IFCI Asia index lost 7% while the IFCI EMEA Index (Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa) gained 20%, but this was due almost entirely to gains by the heavily-weigh ted South African equity index (Littler and Malouf, 1996). Meantime, the U.S. S&P 500 index had risen over 30%.
Clinical significance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) at staging are predictive of lung metastasis, primary lung carcinoma, or survival in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods One hundred ten patients with IPN at staging who had follow-up imaging and 100 patients without IPN were identified from an HNSCC database. The primary endpoints were lung progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Two-year lung PFS for the IPN and No-IPN cohorts were 66% versus 61% (p = .92) and the OS for these cohorts were 71% versus 68% (p = .77). Within the IPN cohort, level IV/V lymph node involvement (odds ratio = 4.34; p = .03), hypopharynx primary (odds ratio = 21.5; p = .005), and race (odds ratio = 9.29; p = .001) were independent predictors of developing lung malignancy. Conclusion IPNs at staging in patients with HNSCC do not affect prognosis and should neither influence initial treatment planning nor the frequency of posttreatment surveillance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 334–339, 2014
FREEDOM AND CULTURAL CONSCIOUSNESS: BLACK WORKING‐CLASS PARADES IN POST‐KATRINA NEW ORLEANS

This analysis of public parading in New Orleans extends a cultural sociology framework to shed new light on the importance of public parades in the construction of meaning in the postdisaster city....
Insulating dielectrophoresis for the continuous separation and concentration of Bacillus subtilis

This paper presents a novel microdevice for the dielectrophoretic manipulation of particles and cells for sample preparation and analysis. A two level isotropic etch of a glass substrate was used to create insulating ridges in micron sized channels. These ridges created a non-uniform field when a direct current field was applied across the channel and the dielectrophoretic force that resulted from the ridge was used to manipulate particles. We show the continuous concentration and separation of Bacillus subtilis from a two component sample mixture. When the applied voltage is at or above 30V/mm the flow of Bacillus subtilis was restricted to the central channel as a result of negative DEP away from the field concentration produced by the insulating ridges. Under the same applied electric fields the 200-nm polystyrene particles DEP away from the insulating ridges was negligible for the 200-nm particles, which flowed uninhibited down the three exit channels.
From Jibara to anthropologist: Puerto Rican ethnography and the politics of representation

In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Philippe Bourgois. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xvi+392 pp. $24.95 (doth), $15.95 (paper—revised edition 1996). Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class. Bonnie Urciuoli. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. xiv+222 pp. $18.95 (paper). The Anthropology of Lower Income Urban Enclaves: The Case of East Harlem. Judith Freidenberg, ed. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 749,1995. vii+287 pp. $45.00 (cloth and paper).
Evaluating the Performance of Multiplane Positron Tomographs Designed for Brain Imaging

The evaluation of a multiplane tomograph designed for brain imaging requires particular attention to certain design parameters that tend to be comprised in such designs. These parameters include resolution uniformity, axial slice thickness uniformity with emphasis on the interplane slices, scatter fraction, accidentals fraction, and system dead time. In addition, the final performance specifications should be relevant to the manner in which the system will actually be employed in the clinic. These specifications should be measured under realistic scatter and count rate conditions using the same reconstruction techniques that are employed in patient imaging. These parameters were evaluated on the NeuroECAT positron tomograph (1,2) and the effect of choice of manner of presentation and type of measurement condition on the apparent performance of the system is shown. The results indicate that clearly defined conditions are a necessity in evaluating the true performance of a positron tomograph.
Renal safety of two analgesics used over the counter: ibuprofen and aspirin.

The incidence of potentially serious drug-related elevations of BUN or serum creatinine was examined among 1468 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who took daily therapeutic doses of aspirin, ibuprofen, or Oxaprozin, an investigational nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), in multicenter clinical trials. Algorithms were developed to identify patients with potentially important elevations of these renal laboratory parameters and to assess the possible relation between these elevations and the study drugs. All three drugs were associated with a low (4% to 6%) incidence of potentially significant elevations in renal function parameters. Changes considered serious occurred in only three (<1%) patients (one treated with Oxaprozin and two with ibuprofen), all of whom were receiving concomitant diuretic therapy. None of the changes led to adverse clinical consequences. Thus despite recent controversy regarding the renal safety of NSAIDs, all three drugs proved safe in these studies, despite the fact that aspirin and ibuprofen were given in doses equal to or higher than those used for over-the-counter indications. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1986) 40, 373–377; doi:10.1038/clpt.1986.193
Structural Basis of Folding Cooperativity in Model Proteins: Insights from a Microcanonical Perspective

Two-state cooperativity is an important characteristic in protein folding. It is defined by a depletion of states that lie energetically between folded and unfolded conformations. There are different ways to test for two-state cooperativity; however, most of these approaches probe indirect proxies of this depletion. Generalized-ensemble computer simulations allow us to unambiguously identify this transition by a microcanonical analysis on the basis of the density of states. Here, we present a detailed characterization of several helical peptides obtained by coarse-grained simulations. The level of resolution of the coarse-grained model allowed to study realistic structures ranging from small α-helices to a de novo three-helix bundle without biasing the force field toward the native state of the protein. By linking thermodynamic and structural features, we are able to show that whereas short α-helices exhibit two-state cooperativity, the type of transition changes for longer chain lengths because the chain forms multiple helix nucleation sites, stabilizing a significant population of intermediate states. The helix bundle exhibits signs of two-state cooperativity owing to favorable helix-helix interactions, as predicted from theoretical models. A detailed analysis of secondary and tertiary structure formation fits well into the framework of several folding mechanisms and confirms features that up to now have been observed only in lattice models.
Quantitative assessment of the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian follicle reserve and stromal function

BACKGROUND. Various chemotherapy agents, especially of the alkylating category, have been associated with premature ovarian failure but there is no quantitative evidence of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in humans. The aim was to quantify the impact of chemotherapy on primordial follicle reserve and stromal function in human ovary with a prospective controlled quantitative histologic and in vitro study. METHODS. Samples from 26 patients who were undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation were assessed histologically and for in vitro estradiol production. Of the 26 patients, 10 had previously received chemotherapy whereas 16 had not (control). There were 17 age-matched patients. Primordial follicle counts and in vitro estrogen production were compared between age-matched control and chemotherapy patients as well as between those who did and did not receive alkylating agents. RESULTS. Patients who received chemotherapy had significantly lower primordial follicle counts than control patients (5.4 ± 1.32 vs 9.6 ± 2.2, P = .05). Furthermore patients treated with alkylating regimens had significantly lower primordial follicle counts compared with those who received nonalkylating agents (2.9 ± 1.1 vs 7.9 ± 1.6, P < .05) and with those who did not receive any chemotherapy (2.9 ± 1.1 vs 9.6 ± 2.2, P < .05). In vitro, ovarian cortical pieces from individuals who were previously exposed to chemotherapy (chemotherapy group) produced significantly less estradiol compared with those who were not (control group). In the chemotherapy group, there was no difference in in vitro estradiol production between those who received alkylating agents and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first quantitative evidence of the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian infrastructure, and shows that, whereas alkylating agents can significantly reduce ovarian reserve, both alkylating and nonalkylating regimens may affect ovarian stromal function. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A High Precision DC Restorer

The performance of high resolution pulse amplitude spectrometers is often seriously degraded at high counting rates due to baseline problems of various kinds. A variation on the Robinson double-diode dc restorer is presented which makes it possible to obtain high resolution with Li-drifted Ge spectrometers at counting rates greater than 50,000 per second.
Motility and Fertility of Bull Semen Extended at High Rates in Yolk Extender Containing Catalase

Summary Sperm survival in 20% yolk extender (CUE and CU-16) during a 12-day storage period was improved by catalase. The improvement was greater for semen extended to five million motile sperm per milliliter than for semen extended to ten million (P .05). In two trials totaling 64,930 inseminations, the 60- to 90-day percentage of nonreturns for 5×10 6 motile sperm were 74.6 and 75.2, and for the control 10×10 6 motile sperm were 76.1 and 76.1. These results clearly indicate that the usefulness of genetically superior sires can be increased by reducing the number of sperm per insemination.
Ozone Effects on Cell Wall Metabolism of Avena Coleoptile Sections

Pretreatment of coleoptile tissue with 90 to 140 ppm by volume of ozone resulted in a subsequent stimulation of glucose uptake without destroying the final growth capacity of the tissue. This phenomenon occured at both 10/sup -5/ M and 0.05 M external glucose concentration. Cellulose synthesis and incorporation of C/sup 14/ from C/sup 14/ labeled glucose into glucan components of the cell wall were most readily inhibited by ozone treatment. Metabolism of other cell wall components was affected much less under conditions resulting in less than 50% inhibition of potential growth. The relationship of ozone to other inhibitors of cell wall metabolism and growth was discussed. It was suggested that ozone inhibition of glucan and cellulose metabolism may be a factor in inhibition of plant growth by ozone.
Exposure to pornography, permissive and nonpermissive cues, and male aggression toward females

The present study examined the role of permissive and nonpermissive cues in mediating the relationship between exposure to erotica and aggression. Male subjects viewed either neutral slides with a silent female or erotic slides with a female who made permissive, nonpermissive, or no comments about the slides. The males rated the slides and subsequently rated the female confederate. Male subjects were then given an opportunity to administer their choice of several intensities of shock to the female in a competitive reaction-time task. Subjects in the permissive cues condition rated the erotic slides as more arousing, saw the female as more reasonable and accepting, and selected more intense shocks for the female than did subjects in the other conditions. One explanation of these results is that permissive cues in the presence of erotica led the male to believe that other normally inappropriate behaviors would be tolerated.
Structural Diversity in the 5′-Untranslated Region of Cytokine-stimulated Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA

Abstract Inducible nitric oxide synthase, the critical enzyme responsible for the enhanced synthesis of nitric oxide in inflammatory states, is widely expressed in mammalian cells. To evaluate potential regulatory roles of the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) in the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene, the transcription initiation sites and structure of the 5′-UTR of human inducible nitric oxide synthase were examined. Freshly isolated human alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, and several types of cultured cells were evaluated following stimulation with cytokines (i.e. interferon-, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6). The mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Northern analysis, and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Despite the presence of a TATA box in the promoter region, multiple transcription initiation sites were observed, some extending several hundred base pairs upstream from the main TATA-directed initiation site. Alternative splicing in the 5′-UTR of human inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA resulted in further diversity. The TATA-independent inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA transcripts were up-regulated by cytokines. The long and complex 5′-UTRs contain eight partially overlapping open reading frames upstream of the putative inducible nitric oxide synthase ATG, which may have an important role in translational regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA.
Does rhG-CSF Increase the Risk of BPD or Modulate Tracheal Cytokines in ELBW Neonates? 1271

Does rhG-CSF Increase the Risk of BPD or Modulate Tracheal Cytokines in ELBW Neonates? 1271
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the maxilla.

Abstract Perhaps the aneurysmal bone cyst is not a distinct clinicopathologic entity in itself, but its existence does necessitate additional diagnostic evaluation and surgical precautions. Because of this, lesions with aneurysmal bone cyst involvement should be classified distinctly from lesions that do not present this complication.
Electrostatic Model for the Interaction Force Constants of the Formic Acid Dimer

We have developed a new form of the intermolecular potential that is consistent with ab initio structures, interaction energies, interaction forces, intermolecular force constants, and dipole derivatives of four different hydrogen-bonded structures of the formic acid dimer. The ab initio “data” are based on a scaled HF/6-311++G** force field in nonredundant coordinates and reflect a reassignment of some bands in the spectrum. The model incorporates charges, charge fluxes, atomic dipoles, and van der Waals interactions, and its successful reproduction of the intermolecular force constants indicates that it may provide a more general description of detailed features of the hydrogen bond.
Locating Hybrid Fuel Cell-Turbine Power Generation Units under Uncertainty

Hybrid gas turbine–solid oxide fuel cell power generation has the potential to create a positive economic and environmental impact. Annually, the U.S. spends over $235 billion on electricity, and electric utilities emit 550 million metric tons of carbon. The integration of distributed hybrid generation can reduce these emissions and costs through increased efficiencies. In this paper, a model is presented that minimizes the costs of distributed hybrid generation while optimally locating the units within the existing electric infrastructure. The model utilizes data from hybrid generation modules, and includes uncertainty in customer demand, weather, and fuel costs.
Information theory and solar energy collection.

Information theory is applied to the problem of solar radiation collection. We find that the optimum solar concentrator corresponds to a perfect imaging system, i.e., one that images the entire sky on the absorber with no aberrations. For a nonisotropic distribution of radiation at the collector aperture, many thermally separated absorber segments are necessary at the absorber for optimum performance. The heat transfer fluid is first passed through the warm segments and then passed sequentially through the progressively hotter segments.
Flying schedule-matching descents ta explore flight crews' perceptions oüi their load and task flexibility

• Slow to fast speed schemes were the hardest condition — 220kts at 25 000′ was the hardest speed reduction to achieve — Large variations from the profile increased crew workload
Constructing autonomous selves through narrative practices: A comparative study of working-class and middle-class families.

Mounting evidence that selves vary substantially within and across cultures has focused increased attention on the process by which different construals of self develop. In this study we examine personal storytelling as a medium through which European American youngsters begin to construct selves that bear the imprint of an autonomous cultural framework. We compared families from 2 European American urban communities, one working class and the other middle class. The study was observational, with data points at 2,6 and 3,0, totaling 8 hr of observation per child and yielding 400 naturally occurring co-narrations. In both communities, family members participated with young children in ways that encouraged them to have autonomous selves. Children were not only allowed extensive rights to speak of their past experiences, but were also granted limited rights to author their experiences. At the same time, the communities differed in the versions of autonomy that they promoted: To express one's view is a natural right for middle-class children, but something to be earned and defended for working-class children.
Electrophysiological and cerebrovascular effects of the α-secretase-derived form of amyloid precursor protein in young and middle-aged rats

Abstract Cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by α-secretase releases a secreted form of APP (sAPP) from cells. sAPP is released from neurons in an activity-dependent manner and is believed to play roles in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. We determined whether sAPP modulates electrophysiological and cerebrovascular processes in vivo . The effects of recombinant sAPP, applied by intracerebroventricular infusion, on hippocampal and cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and hippocampal blood flow in young adult and middle-aged Long–Evans rats were measured. sAPP increased the power spectrum density of low frequency EEG bands in the hippocampus and cortex of middle-aged rats without affecting hippocampal blood flow. The neurophysiological effects of sAPP were observed in middle-aged, but not in young rats. The results of this study indicate that hippocampal and cortical electrophysiological processes are sensitive to sAPP, whereas the cerebral vasculature may not be regulated by sAPP. The age-dependent change in the sensitivity of neuronal activity to sAPP suggests the possibility of an important role for this APP product in brain functioning in mid life.
C 12 (γ, p)B 11 Angular Distributions In and Just Above the Giant Resonance

The energy and angular distributions of photoprotons have been observed with 30.5- and 32.1-MeV electron bremsstrahlung using the $\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}E$ coincidence technique. The angular-distribution anisotropy parameter ${A}_{2}$ has the average value -0.56 in the giant resonance peak from 21.8 to 23.7 MeV and varies less than \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 from that value. From 24.4 to 28 MeV, variations in ${A}_{2}$ of about \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 were detected and correlate somewhat with bumps seen in the total cross section. Above 28 MeV, ${A}_{2}$ decreases toward -0.9. No model yet exists which predicts correctly the anisotropy observed above the giant resonance. The probable nature of the particle-hole states at and above 25 MeV is deduced. The asymmetry parameters ${A}_{1}$ and ${A}_{3}$ are everywhere nonzero, have opposite signs, and exceed 0.3 in magnitude above 29 MeV, indicating moderate electric-dipole-quadrupole interference. This is interpreted as being consistent with one-particle-one-hole quadrupole excitation of \ensuremath{\lesssim}1% relative to the dipole photoproton emission strength.
Executive summary: 2013 update of the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children.

Major recommendations are accompanied by ratings that include a letter that indicates the strength of the recommendation and a Roman numeral that indicates the quality of the evidence supporting the recommendation (TABLE 1); this rating system is similar to the rating systems used in other USPHS/IDSA guidelines. Because licensure of drugs for children and their application in clinical care often relies on efficacy data from adult trials in combination with pharmacokinetic, safety, and observational data in children, recommendations sometimes rely on data from clinical trials or studies in adults with supporting data in children. Thus, the quality of evidence level is accompanied by an asterisk (*) to indicate that evidence supporting the recommendation is a hybrid of higher-quality adult study evidence and consistent but lower-quality pediatric study evidence. This modification to the rating system is the same as that used by the DHHS Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection. Table 1 System for grading strength of recommendations and quality of supporting evidence The guidelines discuss opportunistic illnesses that occur in the United States and ones that might occur during international travel, such as malaria. Because the guidelines target HIV-exposed and -infected children in the United States, the opportunistic pathogens discussed are those common to the United States and do not include certain pathogens such as Penicillium marneffei that may be seen almost exclusively outside the United States. They also do not include pathogens that are common but seldom cause chronic infection, or that have the same risk, disease course, and approach to prevention and treatment in all children regardless of HIV status. Topic areas covered for each OI include a brief description of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the OI in children; prevention of exposure; prevention of first episode of disease; discontinuation of primary prophylaxis after immune reconstitution; treatment of disease; monitoring for adverse effects during treatment, including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS); management of treatment failure; prevention of disease recurrence; and discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis after immune reconstitution. The most important, rated recommendations are highlighted in boxed major recommendations sections preceding the text for each OI, and a table of dosing recommendations follows the text for each OI. The tables at the end of the document summarize recommendations for dosing of medications used for prevention and treatment of OIs in children; drug preparation and toxicity information for children; and major drug-drug interactions. Vaccination recommendations for HIV-infected children and adolescents are summarized in the section entitled “Preventing Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents” and individual OI sections and detailed in figures at the end of the document.
Research on Standard Device for Power Frequency Lines Parameters Tester Based on the Technology of Virtual Complex Impedance

The topic research, standard device for power frequency lines parameters tester, can be used for calibrating the power frequency lines parameters tester. The equip functions involve: positive/zero sequence impedance, positive/zero sequence capacitance, etc. The topic introduces the working principle and composition of the standard device, focusing on the technology of virtual complex impedance and accurately amplitude control. The paper end gives the relevant specification and experimental data. The research of the standard device can be used to resolve the traceability of power frequency lines parameters tester.
Acute renal insufficiency after high-dose melphalan in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis during stem cell transplantation.

Background: Patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) have a poor prognosis. Median survival time from standard treatments is only 17 months. High-dose intravenous melphalan followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) appears to be the most promising therapy, but treatment mortality can be high. The authors have noted the development of acute renal insufficiency immediately after melphalan conditioning. This study was undertaken to further examine its risk factors and impact on posttransplant mortality. Methods: Consecutive AL patients who underwent PBSCT were studied retrospectively. Acute renal insufficiency (ARI) after high-dose melphalan was defined by a minimum increase of 0.5 mg/dL (44 μmol/L) in the serum creatinine level that is greater than 50% of baseline immediately after conditioning. Urine sediment score was the sum of the individual types of sediment identified on urine microscopy. Results: Of the 80 patients studied, ARI developed in 18.8% of the patients after high-dose melphalan. Univariate analysis identified age, hypoalbuminemia, heavy proteinuria, diuretic use, and urine sediment score (>3) as risk factors. Age and urine sediment score remained independently significant risk factors in the multivariate analysis. Patients who had ARI after high-dose melphalan underwent dialysis more often (P = 0.007), and had a worse 1-year survival (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The timing of renal injury strongly suggests melphalan as the causative agent. Ongoing tubular injury may be a prerequisite for renal injury by melphalan as evidenced by the active urinary sediment. Development of ARI adversely affected the outcome after PBSCT. Effective preventive measures may help decrease the treatment mortality of PBSCT in AL patients.
Quantitative measurement of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) in various fermented dairy products using a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method

We evaluated menaquinone contents in a large set of 62 fermented dairy products samples by using a new liquid chromatography method for accurate quantification of lipo-soluble vitamin K(2), including distribution of individual menaquinones. The method used a simple and rapid purification step to remove matrix components in various fermented dairy products 3 times faster than a reference preparation step. Moreover, the chromatography elution time was significantly shortened and resolution and efficiency were optimized. We observed wide diversity of vitamin K(2) contents in the set of fermented dairy products, from undetectable to 1,100 ng/g of product, and a remarkable diversity of menaquinone forms among products. These observations relate to the main microorganism species currently in the different fermented product technologies. The major form in this large set of fermented dairy products was menaquinone (MK)-9, and contents of MK-9 and MK-8 forms were correlated, that of MK-9 being around 4 times that of MK-8, suggesting that microorganisms able to produce MK-9 also produce MK-8. This was not the case for the other menaquinones, which were produced independently of each other. Finally, no obvious link was established between MK-9 content and fat content or pH of the fermented dairy products.