cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed lock management in a transaction processing environment

Distributed synchronization for data sharing is discussed, and the design of a distributed lock manager for the Camelot transaction facility is presented. The lock manager is a component of a proposed implementation of data sharing in the Camelot environment. A number of experiments that demonstrate the correct operation of the lock manager are reported and its performance is described. The performance metrics indicate that distributed lock management should not reduce the feasibility of data sharing in this environment. The similarity between the caching and synchronization strategies appropriate for locks and data suggests that protocols developed for distributed locks will be applicable to data sharing. >
Care transitions programs: a review of hospital-based programs targeted to reduce readmissions.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES An emphasis on a value-based payment model is expected to provide motivation for developing effective care transitions programs. For such programs to succeed, organizations must adopt an evidence-based, financially feasible model that enables improved coordination with providers, alignment of incentives, and measurement of key performance metrics, both clinical and operational. Evidence of cost-effective care transitions programs is important for deploying successful models broadly. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING(S) Hospital-based programs. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS Current literature on care transitions programs highlights different strategies, patient populations, settings, and outcomes; however, it lacks sufficient supporting financial evidence that these programs are operationally sustainable and cost-effective within current and projected reimbursement schemes. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE Care transitions interventions need to be further studied in different settings with different patient populations to identify the optimal approach(es). An additional opportunity for future investigation lies in translation of interventional programs targeted at readmission diseases in line for penalty by Medicare.
Stress-induced martensitic transformation and ferroelastic deformation adjacent microhardness indents in tetragonal zirconia single crystals

Abstract The stress-induced tetragonal to monoclinic (t→m) martensitic transformation, stress-induced ferroelastic domain switching, and dislocation slip were induced by Vickers microindentation at elevated temperatures in polydomain single crystals of 3 mol%-Y2O3–stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 single crystals (3Y–TZS). Chemical etching revealed traces along 〈310〉t directions adjacent to indentations, and Raman spectroscopy and TEM have shown that these traces are caused by products of the martensitic transformation, i.e. the monoclinic product phase forms primarily as thin, long plates with a habit plane approximately on ( 3 01)m. This habit plane and the associated shear strain arising from the transformation, visible in TEM micrographs at the intersection of crystallographically equivalent martensite plates, were successfully predicted using the observed lattice correspondence and the phenomenological invariant plane strain theory of martensitic transformations. The extent of the martensitic transformation increased with increasing temperature from room temperature up to 300°C, but then decreased at higher temperatures. Ferroelastic deformation of tetragonal ZrO2 has been observed at all temperatures up to 1000°C. At the highest temperature, only ferroelastic domain switching and dislocation slip occurred during indentation-induced deformation.
Evidence-Based Practice, Part I: Research Update

We welcomed a timely invitation last year from the leadership of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America to develop an issue on evidence-based practice in child mental health care. We were informed that it would be published around the 5-year anniversary of the 1999 release of the Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, which was the first comprehensive presentation of the evidence for mental health care containing impressive findings about the potential to improve mental health care in this country. To some extent—and to the surprise of those of us involved in reviewing the evidence for child treatment (ourselves included)—a more promising picture than expected emerged of the potential to treat children and adolescents effectively. Moreover, the findings were not dissimilar to those for adults who have mental disorders. We believe that the time is ripe for a reassessment and update of the evidence. A convergence of three social and scientific movements lends support to the timeliness of this endeavor: research priority-setting by federal agencies targeted at strengthening the evidence base; a range of both federal and state policy initiatives on the application of evidence to practice and policy; and increasing demand by advocates to improve both access and quality of mental health care for children. All of these developments share a common theme: pay attention to proven practices and put them into place. This convergence of efforts has led to a significant expansion of new findings about effective treatments for youth and efforts to incorporate such findings into clinical care.
Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.

Background. Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix (MIC) has been poorly defined in the past and is still a focus of persistent controversy. In 1985, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) defined Stage IA as “preclinical invasive carcinoma, diagnosed by microscopy only,” subdividing it into Stage IA1 or “minimal microscopic stromal invasion,” and Stage IA2 or “tumor with invasive component 5 mm or less in depth taken from the base of the epithelium and 7 mm or less in horizontal spread.” In 1974, the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) defined MIC as any lesion with a depth of invasion of 3 mm or less from the base of the epithelium, without lymphatic or vascular space invasion. Methods. To assess the risk of lymph node metastasis and treatment failures, pathologic material and clinical data on 370 patients with Stage I carcinoma of the cervix, who were treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic-aortic node dissection, were reviewed. Histopathologic analysis of tumors was based on a uniform format, including measurement of the maximum depth of invasion, the width and length of the horizontal tumor spread, invasive growth pattern, cell type, tumor grade, and lymphatic or vascular space involvement. Results. Of the 370 patients, 110 had a depth of invasion of 5 mm or less. Of these, 54 patients fulfilled the SGO definition of MIC; 42, the new FIGO Stage IA2 definition; and 27, both definitions. None of the patients with MIC, as defined by either the SGO or the new FIGO Stage IA2, had lymph node metastases or tumor recurrence. These data support the conclusion that MIC, defined by either the SGO or FIGO definitions, have a low risk for lymph node metastasis or recurrent carcinoma. A review of the literature indicated a recurrence rate for Stage IA2 of 4.2%. In addition to depth of invasion, lymph vascular space invasion is a better predictor of lymph node metastasis and recurrence than the surface dimension. Conclusions.The authors recommend adoption of the SGO definition of MIC. Patients with a depth of invasion of 3 mm or less without lymph vascular space invasion safely can be treated conservatively.
Parent-infant resemblance for general and specific cognitive abilities in the Colorado adoption project ☆

Abstract Previous publications emanating from the Colorado Adoption Project have reported significant relationships between parental general cognitive ability ( g ) and infant Bayley MDI scores. The present study compared infant Bayley factor scores representing separable dimensions of infant cognition with parental general and specific cognitive abilities for 182 adoptive families and 164 nonadoptive families. Parent/offspring correlations between 12-month Bayley factors and parental cognitive abilities suggest only minimal relationships for both parental g and specific abilities. At 24 months, more parent/offspring resemblance was present; moreover, Bayley factors that were related to parental cognition tended to be related to parental g , not to specific abilities. The finding of significant parent/offspring relationships at 24 months between biological parents and their adopted-away infants, as well as between nonadoptive parents and their infants, suggests some genetic continuity from infancy to adulthood.
Value of PAX8 and WT1 Immunostaining in Confirming the Ovarian Origin of Metastatic Carcinoma in Serous Effusion Specimens

We evaluated the detection rates of PAX8 and WT1 immunostaining in 68 (45 as cell blocks, 23 as smears) serous effusion specimens that had a cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of ovarian origin. Of the cases, 58 (85%) were positive for PAX8, 56 (82%) were positive for WT1, and 64 (94%) were immunoreactive with either or both markers. Detection rates of PAX8 and WT1 were 85% (44/52) and 92% (48/52), respectively, for metastatic serous carcinoma and 100% (5/5) and 20% (1/5), respectively, for metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Detection rates using cell blocks and smears were 91% and 78%, respectively, with PAX8 and 82% and 83%, respectively, with WT1. We concluded that PAX8 and WT1 had comparable overall detection rates in confirming ovarian origin of malignant effusion. The combination of both markers substantially improved the detection rate. Cell blocks and smears can be used for staining, but a cell block is preferred for PAX8 staining.
CORE POLARIZATION AND THE MICROSCOPIC MODEL OF INELASTIC SCATTERING.

Abstract The renormalization of the effective interaction between a projectile and valence nucleons of the target due to polarization of the target “core” is calculated using a simple collective model for the core. The core coupling parameters are obtained from the effective charges needed for the observed electromagnetic transition strengths. The model is applied to proton scattering by 18 O, 90,92 Zr and 208 Pb. A large part of the observed cross sections is accounted for by the core polarization alone. For example, the strength required for the phenomenological interaction previously introduced is reduced by about a factor of two. An approximate pseudopotential was also deduced from free nucleon-nucleon scattering by using the impulse approximation, but was found to be too weak even with core-polarization effects.
Gallium nitride based materials and their application for light emitting devices

Abstract There have recently been breakthroughs in the growth of group-III nitrides for high efficiency blue and green GaN light emitting diodes and laser diodes. GaN LEDs complete the primary color spectrum and have enabled the fabrication of bright and reliable full-color solid state displays.
An integrated engineering–econometric analysis of residential balance point temperatures

This paper examines the theoretical and empirical properties of residential balance point temperatures. Heating-degree type measures in energy load temperature models are typically used because heating load should be zero when temperatures are larger than the base (balance point) level. Thermostat setting and the insulation properties of the residential shell determine the balance point temperature. Proper measurement of balance point temperatures is important in selecting the base temperature used in heating and cooling degree measures. I apply an engineering thermal load model to impute balance point temperatures for residential households in the Puget Sound Energy Washington service territory. The distribution of implied balance point temperatures suggests that heating degree measures base 65 °F inadequately capture the non-linear relationship between load and temperature due to prevalence of low balance point households.
Planar sections of the quadric of Lie cycles and their Euclidean interpretations

All cycles (points, oriented circles, and oriented lines of a Euclidean plane) are represented by points of a three dimensional quadric in four dimensional real projective space. The intersection of this quadric with primes and planes are, respectively, two- and one-dimensional systems of cycles. This paper is a careful examination of the interpretation, in terms of systems of cycles in the Euclidean plane, of fundamental incidence configurations involving this quadric in projective space. These interpretations yield new and striking theorems of Euclidean geometry.
Evaluation of the Electrochemical Behavior of CeCl3 in Molten LiCl-KCl Eutectic Utilizing Metallic Ce as an Anode

A study of the electrochemical behavior of CeCl3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic was performed in the temperature range 653-973K to ascertain if CeCl3 is a suitable surrogate for UCl3 in the development of nuclear fuel cycle technologies. Reduction of cerium occurs in a single 3-electron step that is quasi-reversible. The diffusion coefficient of Ce(III) was determined by linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The standard potential of Ce(III)/Ce(0) was measured and used to calculate Gibbs free energy and the activity coefficient. The nucleation of cerium on a tungsten substrate was determined to be instantaneous with hemispherical nuclei whose growth is controlled by linear or hemispherical diffusion. The order of magnitude of the exchange current density was determined by the linear polarization method. The electrochemical characteristics of CeCl3 were compared with those of UCl3 in LiCl-KCl to evaluate the potential of cerium as a surrogate for uranium electrorefining development.
Time trend analysis of basaltic volcanism for the Yucca Mountain site

Abstract The possible recurrence of volcanic activity near the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, U.S.A. is evaluated by estimating the instantaneous recurrence rate using a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with Weibull intensity and by using a homogeneous Poisson process to predict future eruptions. Analysis on the post-6-Ma volcanism near the Yucca Mountain region indicates a moderate developing time trend ( p -value = 0.01) of volcanic activity. A similar time trend is obtained by trimming the observation period to 3.7 Ma and younger (period of the youngest episode). Data from the Quaternary basaltic volcanism also show a slight developing time trend, although the developing volcanic activity is not significant at the 0.05 level. Thus, it would oversimplify the assessment of the volcanic risk to the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site if a simple Poisson model were used to model the volcanism. Based on the Quaternary data, the estimated instantaneous recurrence rate is about 5.5 × 10 −6 /yr. An estimate of the mean time to the next eruption is about 1.8 × 10 5 years from now, if it is assumed that the intensity remains constant thereafter. Also, the risk (probability of at least one major eruption during the projected time frame) increases approximately linearly with the time frame chosen as the required interval for radioactive waste to decay to an acceptable level. Our study concludes that the estimated risk for an isolation time of 10 4 years is about 5%, which increases to 42% if 10 5 years is used as the required isolation time.
Cryogenic vacuum techniques

A review on cryopumping is given under the following aspects: molecular flow in non-isothermal vacuum chambers; mechanisms of cryopumping such as condensation, cryosorption at solid gas condensates, cryosorption at porous solids (molecular sieves, activated charcoal), cryotrapping and cryogettering at metal films; calculation of cryopump systems; examples of various types of cryopumps such as liquid-pool cryopumps, continuous-flow cryopumps and refrigerator-cooled cryopumps; various applications.
Crystal and molecular structure of triacanthine, 6-amino-3-dimethylallylpurine, a naturally occurring N(3)-substituted purine

The crystal and molecular structures of the naturally occurring, N(3)-substituted purine triacanthine (6-amino-3-dimethylallylpurine) are presented. Triacanthine crystallizes, from a saturated DMSO solution, in the monoclinic system, space groupP21/c. Crystallographic data are as follows:a = 12.451(4),b = 8.508(4),c = 11.365(3) A, β = 122.74(2) °,V c = 1012.66 A3,Z = 4,D m = 1.335(1),D x = 1.333 g cm−3. The structural solution was obtained by direct methods and has been refined, based on full-matrix least squares with 2124 observedF o data, to a finalR value of 0.075. The principal molecular features are (1) the occurrence of the substituted purine as the amino tautomer, (2) a nearly planar purine ring system, and (3) a highly planar dimethylallyl group oriented approximately orthogonally to the purine ring system. The crystal packing is dominated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the exocyclic amino group and the acceptor sites N(1) and N(9). Sheets of such hydrogen-bonded molecules are stacked along [10¯1]. Two distinct types of molecular overlaps are observed within these stacks.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Metabolic Species Transport in the Cornea With a Hydrogel Intrastromal Inlay

Purpose Intrastromal inlays for refractive correction of presbyopia are being adopted into clinical practice. An important concern is the effect of the inlay on the long-term health of the cornea due to disturbances in the concentration profiles of metabolic species. A three-dimensional metabolic model for the cornea is employed to investigate oxygen, glucose, and lactate ion transport in the cornea and to estimate changes in species concentrations induced by the introduction of a hydrogel inlay. Methods A reaction-diffusion metabolic model, appropriate for highly oxygen-permeable hydrogel inlays, is used to describe cellular consumption of oxygen and glucose and production of lactic acid. A three-layer corneal geometry (epithelium, stroma, endothelium) is employed with a hydrogel inlay placed under a lamellar flap. The model is solved numerically by the finite element method. Results For a commercially available hydrogel material with a relative inlay diffusivity of 43.5%, maximum glucose depletion and lactate ion accumulation occur anterior to the inlay and both are less than 3%. Below 20% relative diffusivity, glucose depletion and lactate ion accumulation increase exponentially. Glucose depletion increases slightly with increasing depth of inlay placement. Conclusions The flux of metabolic species is modified by an inlay, depending on the inlay relative diffusivity. For commercially available hydrogel materials and a typical inlay design, predicted changes in species concentrations are small when compared to the variation of concentrations across the normal cornea. In general, glucose depletion and lactate ion accumulation are highly sensitive to inlay diffusivity and somewhat insensitive to inlay depth.
A computational analysis for amino acid adsorption

Abstract In this study we have systematically investigated the effects of surface configuration and molecular state for the adsorption of methionine (C 5 H 11 NO 2 S) on a graphite surface using two model force fields, AMBER 3 and MM +. Computational results were compared with experimental results. A commercial computational chemistry software (HyperChem™) was utilized in this study. Parameter sets for the force fields, AMBER 3 and MM +, were employed together with methionine in its non-ionic and zwitterionic state to investigate the molecular adsorption on a graphene sheet, a graphene sheet with hydrogen termination, as well as double layers of graphite with and without hydrogen termination. The results show that the model produces excellent qualitative results regarding inter-molecular configuration. Using the AMBER3 force field and methionine in its zwitterionic state adsorbed on a single graphite sheet leads to results which clearly resemble the experimental results and show hydrogen bonding between neighboring methionine molecules through the amino and carboxyl groups. Dimers are formed when two molecules are anti-parallel to each other, and parallel molecules are the building blocks of molecular rows.
Functions of the myosin ATP and actin binding sites are required for C. elegans thick filament assembly

We have determined the positions and sequences of 31 dominant mutations affecting a C. elegans muscle myosin heavy chain gene. These mutations alter thick filament structure in heterozygotes by interfering with the ability of wild-type myosin to assemble into stable thick filaments. These assembly-disruptive mutations are missense alleles affecting the globular head of myosin. The most strongly dominant alleles alter highly conserved residues of the myosin ATP binding site, indicating that functions of the myosin ATPase are important for thick filament assembly. Other alleles alter the site at which myosin binds actin.
A simple model for characterizing non-uniform fibre-based composites and networks

A mean-field model is presented that describes non-uniformities in the spatial distribution of fibres in networks and composites in terms of fluctuations in the local composition. The mean pore radius, specific surface area, lineal path function, and chord length probability density are expressed as functions of the fibre volume fraction within a heuristic formalism. The impact of statistical heterogeneities in the fibre distribution upon the elastic moduli is assessed within the semi-empirical Reuss-Voigt-Hill averaging scheme. Results from illustrative calculations suggest that such macroscopically averaged material properties are particularly sensitive to variations in the mean pore radius.
Initialization of Fractional Differential Equations: Theory and Application

It has been known that the initialization of fractional operators requires time-varying functions, a complicating factor. This paper simplifies the process of initialization of fractional differential equations by deriving Laplace transforms for the initialized fractional integral and derivative that generalize those for the integer-order operators. A companion paper in this conference determines the Laplace transforms for initialized fractional integrals of any order and fractional derivatives of order less than one. This paper extends the theory for the Laplace transform of the derivative to higher order and provides applications.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
ANTEVS: a quantitative varve sequence cross-correlation technique with examples from the Northeastern USA

Varve correlation by hand was successfully applied by Ernst Antevs to establish the New England Varve Chronology, which has since been updated to form the North American Varve Chronology (NAVC). Although these methodologies are successful, numerical techniques can assist in finding and evaluating correlations. A quantitative numerical method for varve correlation using time-series Fourier analysis and cross-correlation is proposed and implemented in the computer program ANTEVS (Automatic Numerical Time-series Evaluation of Varve Sequences). The technique is demonstrated by correlating several varve sequences in the northeastern USA. Tests on NAVC data from the Hudson and Connecticut River Valleys show strong positive local and regional cross-correlations, confirming the method's validity. Guidelines for the evaluation of the correlation are determined by cross-testing NAVC sequences, suggesting minimum values for the cross-correlation statistic r, and z-score, a measure of its variation. Field relationshi...
Use of semi-rigid polyyne ligands to direct the shapes of metal clusters. The reaction of Pt2Ru4(CO)18 with o-bis(phenylethynyl) benzene

Abstract The reaction of Pt2Ru4(CO)18 (1) with o-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (2) has yielded the product Pt2Ru4(CO)14[μ5-C6H4(C2Ph2)2] (3) which exhibits an unexpected ‘raft’ structure for the six metal atoms. Both alkyne groups are coordinated to the same side of the cluster as triple bridges across neighboring PtRu2 triangles. Compound 3 has two valence electrons less than the 90 electron configuration usually observed for raft clusters.
Effects of Forearm vs. Leg Submersion in Work Tolerance Time in a Hot Environment While Wearing Firefighter Protective Clothing

This study compared physiological responses and total work tolerance time following forearm submersion (FS) or leg submersion (LS) in cool water, after performing work in a hot environment while wearing fire fighting protective clothing (FPC). Participants walked at 3.5 mph on a treadmill in a hot environment (WBGT 32.8 ± 0.9°C) until a rectal temperature (Trec) of 38.5°C was reached. Participants were then subjected to one of two peripheral cooling interventions, in a counterbalanced order. Forearms or lower legs were submerged in water (16.9 ± 0.8°C) for a total of 20 min, followed by a work tolerance trial. Results indicated no significant difference (p = 0.052) between work tolerance time (LS = 21.36 ± 5.35 min vs. FS = 16.27 ± 5.56 min). Similarly, there was no significant difference for Trec (p = 0.65), heart rate (HR) (p = 0.79), mean skin temperature (Tsk) (p = 0.68), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (p = 0.54). However, LS ratings of thermal comfort (RTC) at Minute 14 (p = 0.03) were signif...
Incidence and factors related to flare-ups in a graduate endodontic programme.

Aim To investigate the incidence and factors related to endodontic flare-ups in nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) cases completed by graduate endodontic residents at University of Pennsylvania, USA. Methodology Residents at University of Pennsylvania enter all clinical patient records into an electronic database called PennEndo database. Analysis of records of 6580 patients treated from September 2000 to July 2005 revealed a total of 26 patients with flare-ups (0.39%). Patients were categorized to have undergone flare-up when they attended for an unscheduled visit and active treatment, and when they suffered from severe pain and or swelling after initiation or continuation of NSRCT. SAS software was used to develop a logistic regression model with flare-up as a dependent variable. Independent variables included in the model were: history of previous pain, one vs. two visit NSRCT, periapical diagnosis, tooth type, rotary versus hand instrumentation, and lateral versus vertical compaction of gutta-percha. Results The odds for developing a flare-up in teeth with a periapical radiolucency were 9.64 times greater than teeth without a periapical radiolucency (P = 0.0090). There was no statistically significant difference in flare-ups between one and two visits NSRCT. The odds of developing a flare-up increased 40 fold when NSRCT was completed in three or more visits. However, this result may have been confounded by addition of an unscheduled visit in patients suffering from flare-ups. Other independent variables did not have any statistically significant correlations. Conclusions A low percentage of patients experienced flare-ups during NSRCT procedures. The presence of a periapical lesion was the single most important predictor of flare-ups during NSRCT.
Analysis of a stacked-triangular platinum carbonyl cluster dianion, [Pt3(CO)6] 3 2− by252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry

252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry (252Cf-PDMS) has been used to investigate the [(Ph3PCH2C5H4)Fe(C5H5)]+ salt of the prototype dianionic, platinum carbonyl cluster, [Pt3(CO)3(μ2-CO)3]32−. An envelope of singly charged [Pt9(CO)x]− ions with the principal peak centered atx=8 was observed in the negative ion mass spectrum as a result of successive losses of the carbonyl ligands from the intact platinum core. Another feature of the negative ion spectrum was the prominent occurrence of other envelopes of multiple peaks which conform to Pt12, Pt15, Pt18, Pt21, and Pt24 singly charged metal cores. An unexpected observation was the presence of singly charged positive ions of the dianionic cluster which were formed without incorporation of the counterion. A similar but, largely unresolvable, broad envelope of singly charged ions containing the Pt9 core resulted with a peak maximum corresponding closely to the completely carbonylated cluster. The peak distribution extended from the fully decarbonylated cluster to well beyond the mass of the fully carbonylated cluster. Analogous peaks attributable to singly charged positive ions of the Pt12, Pt15, and Pt18 clusters were also evident. Very little fragmentation was observed below the molecular ion in either the positive or negative ion mass spectra except for ions associated with the counterion. A detailed analysis of the mass spectra, including the types of ions observed and correlations with the molecular architecture are described.
Explaining variation in teaching practices? Effects of state policy, teacher background, and curricula in Southern Africa

Abstract State actors assume that central policies and interventions can penetrate the classroom to effectively change teaching practices (an open-systems framework). Empirical research in the West, however, has illuminated how inventive school actors can often buffer policy makers' attempts to modify pedagogical scripts and routines followed by teachers (an institutional framework). This paper steps outside of Europe and the U.S.A. to first examine how much “natural variation” exists in teaching practices among schools within one post-colonial African nation: Botswana. Then, we assess whether policy-manipulable features of the school organization are related to the limited range of pedagogical variation observed. We find that individual background characteristics of teachers, linked to selection policies, hold little relationship to pedagogical practices. In contrast, the subject being taught, teacher training, and textbook use all help to explain several teaching behaviors, with the latter tending to reduce the complexity of instruction within the Botswana context.
Infrared-based system for vehicle counting and classification

This paper presents indigenous solution for real problem statement faced at toll-ways. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is facing problems to classify the different kinds of vehicles under the same class having dissimilar height, length and shape. The system consists of an equipment which is deployed across the road on toll-ways emitting and receiving driven pulse through IR LED's and IR receivers. The system consist paired transmitter and receiver sensor array that is mounted horizontally and vertically on toll-ways. Vehicle side profile is obtained on receiver side when IR LED pulse is transmitted sequentially at counter time and captured at receiver sensor to generate a sensor array pattern. Vehicle classification is accomplished by comparing a vehicle profile with build database. Results elevated are presented and discussed.
Outcome of AIDS Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Predicted by Recursive Partitioning

Mechanical ventilatory support (VS) is often required for patients with AIDS. Patients and/or their surrogates often ask the likely outcome of this intervention. To answer this question, we have developed a classification tree using clinical data from 71 patients with AIDS identified from the discharge abstracts of two hospitals between January 1990 and September 1994. These data were obtained at the time of hospital admission prior to any treatment and before VS was initiated. Survival was defined as discharge from the hospital that occurred in 13 of 72 admissions reviewed. A classification tree was developed by binary recursive partitioning. The output of the resulting tree was adjusted to produce a positive predictive value for death of 100% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 94 to 100%) and a sensitivity and specificity of 98% (95% CI, 91 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI, 74 to 100%), respectively. The negative predictive value was 92% (95% CI, 64 to 100%). The tree predicted that patients with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels less than 1,176 IU/L survived until hospital discharge, unless they had a positive blood culture, active tuberculosis prior to VS, a blood CD4 count less than 12 cells per cubic millimeter, or creatinine and hemoglobin values that were either above 2.4 mg/dL or less than 8.5 mg/dL, respectively. The remainder of the patients with an LDH level above 1,176 IU/L in this study died before hospital discharge. The classification tree requires prospective validation before it can be used as a predictive instrument. Nevertheless, this approach can be used to develop a concise summary of the local outcome experience of this circumstance in a manner that could be conveyed to patients and/or their surrogates.
THE BRITISH CHIEF RABBINATE: A VIABLE INSTITUTION?

Is the British Chief Rabbinate still a viable institution? Two recently published books on Anglo-Jewry construct differing arguments about the influence and power of the office of chief rabbi. This paper examines the positions presented in these works and considers how changes in theology, cultural identity, and demography among Jews in Britain could lead to a reconsideration of the nature of the chief rabbinate. It questions whether Britain's chief rabbis have influenced the religious direction of Anglo-Jewry or merely overseen inexorable religious shifts that reflect the growing stringency to be found in Orthodox Judaism beyond British shores. While some measure of theological consistency may be identified in Orthodoxy on interpretations of the principle of Torah min hashamayim, is this a sufficient criterion for arguing against any evidence of religious shifts? More broadly, the role of theology and religious leaders in determining how a religious community develops is worth considering. These can be c...
Decay-accelerating Factor in Human Skin Is Associated with Elastic Fibers

Recently a complement inhibitor, decay-accelerating factor (DAF), has been found in association with uncharacterized fibers in the extracellular matrix of human dermis. Here we show by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectronmicroscopy that DAF is on the periphery of elastic fibers, and that it appears to be associated with some microfibrillar elements that cover the fibers. That DAF is a component of these microfibrils is also suggested by studies of lesional skin from anetoderma, a disease characterized by destruction of elastic fibers. In two patients we found a network of residual fine fibers in the dermis that stain with antibodies against DAF and fibrillin (one of the proteins known to be present in the microfibrils of elastin), but do not stain with antibodies to elastin. Western blot analysis of dermal extracts with monoclonal antibodies to DAF identified a 67 kDa molecule, slightly smaller than membrane DAF, and similar in size to soluble DAF found in secretions. It is possible that together with vitronectin, an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex recently identified in association with elastin, DAF prevents damage of elastic fibers by complement.
The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Change in Mobility 1 Year Postinjury in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Riggins MS, Kankipati P, Oyster ML, Cooper RA, Boninger ML. The relationship between quality of life and change in mobility 1 year postinjury in individuals with spinal cord injury. Objective To examine quality-of-life (QOL) factors and change in mobility in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) 1 year after injury. Design Retrospective case study of National SCI Database data. Setting SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) sites (N=18). Participants Subjects (N=1826; age >18y) who presented to an SCIMS site after traumatic SCI between June 2004 and July 2009 and returned for 1-year follow-up. All subjects had FIM mobility data for both assessments. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Assessment of impairment based on Lower-Extremity Motor Score. Assessment of QOL based on Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, Patient Health Questionnaire, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Self-perceived Health Status, and pain severity scores. Results Of the sample, 55 individuals transitioned from walking to wheelchair use within 1 year of discharge. This group had the highest number of individuals from minority groups (52.8%) and the lowest employment rate (7.3%). Compared with individuals who transitioned from wheelchair use to walking or maintained wheelchair use or ambulation, the walking-to-wheelchair transition group had significantly lower QOL scores ( P P P Conclusions Individuals with SCI who transitioned from walking at discharge to wheelchair use within 1 year had low QOL factors, including high pain and depression scores. Rehabilitation professionals should consider encouraging marginal ambulators to work toward functional independence from a wheelchair, rather than primary ambulation during acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Temperature-dependent cleavage of chromatin by micrococcal nuclease near the nucleosome center

Digestion of nuclei at 4°C with micrococcal nuclease results in significant intranucleosomal cleavage compared to digestion conducted at 37°C. Employing nucleoprotein gel electrophoresis in one dimension followed by DNA electrophoresis in a second dimension, we demonstrate that such temperature-sensitive, internal cleavage predominantly occurs about 20 bp from the nucleosome center. We suggest that lower temperatures reduce the stability of hydrophobic interactions within the histone octamer and lead to a conformational alteration in nucleosomes that is detected by micrococcal nuclease.
GripSense: using built-in sensors to detect hand posture and pressure on commodity mobile phones

We introduce GripSense, a system that leverages mobile device touchscreens and their built-in inertial sensors and vibration motor to infer hand postures including one- or two-handed interaction, use of thumb or index finger, or use on a table. GripSense also senses the amount of pres-sure a user exerts on the touchscreen despite a lack of direct pressure sensors by inferring from gyroscope readings when the vibration motor is "pulsed." In a controlled study with 10 participants, GripSense accurately differentiated device usage on a table vs. in hand with 99.67% accuracy and when in hand, it inferred hand postures with 84.26% accuracy. In addition, GripSense distinguished three levels of pressure with 95.1% accuracy. A usability analysis of GripSense was conducted in three custom applications and showed that pressure input and hand-posture sensing can be useful in a number of scenarios.
AN ALGORITHM FOR TREE-ORDERED ISOTONIC MEDIAN REGRESSION

Abstract We develop a simple efficient algorithm for tree-ordered isotonic median regression.
Activist Educational Research.

In the field of education, critical theorists, critical pedagogues, and critical race theorists call for academics to engage in activist academic work to promote the social transformation of the ma...
Roots in plant ecology

In 1727 the pioneer vegetation scientist Stephen Hales realized that I much that was of importance to his subject material took place below on ground. A good deal of descriptive work on plant roots and root systems was done in the subsequent two centuries; in crop plants especially, the gross morphology of root systems was well known by the early 20th century. These descriptive studies were extended to natural grasslands by Weaver and his associates and to deserts by Cannon by the second decade of this century, but since that time the study of subterranean growth form appears to have lapsed, as a recent review by Kummerow indicates. Nevertheless, growth form is an important aspect of plant ecology, and subterranean growth form is especially relevant to the study of vegetation in and areas (which is the main subject of this commentary). Moreover, there is a real need for more research to be directed towards understanding plant root systems in general.
The Cambridge Companion to Nineteenth‐Century American Poetry. Kerry Larson, Editor. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011.

The Cambridge Companion to Nineteenth-Century American Poetry Kerry Larson, Editor. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011.In his introduction to The Cambridge Companion to Nineteenth-Century American Poetry, editor Kerry Larson points out that poetry produced in the nineteenth century "for some time has indeed seemed less like a field of study in its own right than the collected works of two writers of genius surrounded by a host of lesser lights" (1).Larson and his contributors provide this formerly neglected body of American literature, and several of the neglected poets and cultures, the treatment and scholarship that they deserve, as he has selected several essays that will shed new light on little-studied authors and movements, as well as exciting new insights into the poets of the canon.Larson divides the book into two sections: the first half dealing with larger movements and themes within the time period and a second concerning the works of individual authors and the places they inhabit in the conversation of nineteenth-century American poetry. The selections that Larson chose are not only well written, but also well researched and provide copious endnotes to each chapter. Following the style of other titles in the Cambridge Companion series, the volume provides a timeline of major events in the era and an extensive bibliography of critical works and anthologies for further study.Robert Dale Parker's "American Indian Poetry in the Nineteenth Century" takes up the "revolutionary task of introducing the range and preoccupations of early American Indian poetry" (36). Parker's chapter considers this movement and topics such as manifest destiny, The Dawes Act, and the Euro-American Romantic sentiment of American Indian nature poetry. As Kerry Larson points out in his introduction to the volume, the study of American Indian poetry is still a work in progress, and with this chapter Parker hopes to "shift the way readers approach Indians and the thinking about Indians in poems by non-Indians" and remind readers "that Indians are not the passive or fading objects they are often imagined to be" (50-51).Eliza Richards' "Weathering the News in the Civil War" provides one the of the volume's most intriguing chapters. Richards argues that Civil War poetry "draws sustained parallels between weather and the circulation and reception of news in wartime" (115). During the Civil War, poets adapted to advances in mass media and needed to find "ways to shape, motivate, rationalize, and analyze the war efforts" through their poetry. …
Photochemically induced changes in dissolved organic matter identified by ultrahigh resolution fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Sunlight-induced molecular changes have been observed in two samples of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in the Cape Fear River system, North Carolina, USA. The molecular composition of a w...
A system for inducible gene expression in retinal ganglion cells.

Purpose To develop a system for inducible gene expression in retinal ganglion cells, Thy1 and ckit promoters were used to direct expression of a second-generation reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA2S-M2). Methods Transgenic mice were generated that harbor rtTA2S-M2 under the control of either the Thy1 or ckit promoter. These animals were crossed with mice transgenic for the LacZ gene downstream of a cassette of tet operator (TRE) binding sites. Induction of the LacZ reporter gene in vivo after either oral or subcutaneous doxycycline administration and in vitro in cultured retinal cells was assessed. To examine induction of a secreted protein, expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in mice harboring Thy1-rtTA and TRE-PEDF constructs was quantified. Results Five of seven Thy1-rtTA lines showed induction with subcutaneous doxycycline: maximum induction in one line (Thy1-C), moderate in one line (Thy1-F), and minimal in three lines. There was no detectable retinal LacZ expression in the ckit-rtTA lines, despite expression of the ckit-rtTA transgene at the RNA level. In Thy1-rtTA lines, LacZ reporter expression as measured by X-gal staining was evenly dispersed throughout all quadrants of the retina, present in a subpopulation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) bodies, RGC axons projecting through the retina and optic nerve, and some cells in the inner nuclear layer. Immunostaining for beta-galactosidase demonstrated more uniform expression in RGCs and cells of the inner aspect of the inner nuclear layer, which, by double staining with anti-beta-galactosidase and anti-calretinin antibodies, were consistent with amacrine cells. More than 95% of Thy-1 antigen-positive cells in the retina expressed the induced transgene. Subcutaneous doxycycline resulted in a more robust induction of LacZ than did oral administration. In vitro, the number of cells induced in culture increased in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum expression at 10 microg/mL at a level 3.4-fold over background. Thy1-rtTA/TRE-PEDF mice treated with doxycycline had 1000-fold induction in their retinal PEDF expression in comparison with nontransgenic mice and 600-fold induction over noninduced Thy1-rtTA/TRE-PEDF mice. Conclusions A transgenic system for inducible RGC expression has been developed that demonstrates minimal leakiness and significant induction with doxycycline. This system will be useful for several applications.
The Content and Function of Gender Self-stereotypes: An Exploratory Investigation

We drew on gender identity theory (Spence, 1993) and social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) to examine the structure and content of college students’ gender self-stereotypes and how their selective self-stereotyping relate to academic self-schema, personal self-esteem, and collective self-esteem. Although students were aware of the gender stereotypes and perceived them to be true “in general,” when asked, which traits were self-descriptive, participants engaged in selective self-stereotyping. Participants tended to report that positive stereotypes were more self-descriptive than group-descriptive, whereas negative stereotypes were more group-descriptive than self-descriptive. The tendency to selectively self-stereotype personality and physical traits was associated with increased personal and collective self-esteem. Selective self-stereotyping in cognitive domains was associated with academic self-schemas for men. The results provide an interesting perspective into the structure, content, and function of gender self-stereotypes. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.
Generalized Geometric Mean Decomposition and DFE Transceiver Design—Part II: Performance Analysis

In a companion paper, the generalized geometric mean decomposition (GGMD) was proposed and used to design GGMD decision feedback equalizer (DFE) transceivers for arbitrary multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels without zero-forcing constraint. For the application to cyclic prefix (CP) systems, the GGMD DFE transceiver has the most advantage over the GMD DFE MMSE transceiver in terms of design and implementation complexity. This paper presents the performance analysis for the GGMD DFE transceiver implementation proposed in Part I. The arithmetic mean-square error (MSE), symbol error rate (SER) and Gaussian mutual information of the proposed system are investigated. The performance advantages of GGMD DFE transceiver over popular orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-carrier CP MMSE systems are shown analytically and verified by numerical simulations.
Using Police Officers to Enhance the Supervision of Juvenile Probationers: An Evaluation of the Anchorage CAN Program

This study presents an evaluation of the Anchorage Coordinated Agency Network (CAN) program. The program combined the capacities of both the Anchorage Police Department and the Anchorage Office of Juvenile Probation to enhance the overall levels of supervision that juvenile probationers received. Consistent with research from intensive supervision literature, the CAN evaluation found that juveniles participating in the program were more likely to have new technical violations but no more likely to have new charges when comparedto juveniles on regular probation. These findings support intensive supervision probation literature suggesting that increased supervision and surveillance lead to increased levels of probation violations.