cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Caching in Ad Hoc Networks Using Game-Theoretic Analysis

Extensive research has been performed to study selfish data caching in ad hoc networks using game-theoretic analysis. However, due to the caching problem's theoretical root in classic facility location problem and k-median problem, most of the research assumes i), the data items are initially outside of the network, and ii), the caching cost is either a constant or not considered. In this paper, we study a general data caching model in which the data item is initially in the network, and both caching and access cost are distance-dependent in multi-hop ad hoc networks. We first show the studied problem is NP-hard. We construct a pure Nash Equilibrium, in which a node will not deviate its caching strategy if others remain theirs. However, a NE may not guarantee social optimal cost -- due to the selfishness of each node, the price of anarchy, which is the relative cost of the lack of cooperation among nodes, could be as large as $O(N)$, where $N$ is number of nodes in the network. Using an external incentive mechanism based upon a payment model, we construct a Nash Equilibrium wherein social optimal is also achieved.
On the Impossibility of Maximal Scheduling for Strong Fairness with Interleaving

A strongly fair schedule is one in which tasks that are enabled infinitely often are also executed infinitely often. When tasks execute atomically, a strongly fair scheduler can be implemented in a maximal manner. That is, an algorithm exists that, for any valid schedule, is capable of generating that schedule. We show that this assumption of atomicity is necessary. That is, when task execution can be interleaved with other tasks, no algorithm is capable of generating all valid schedules. In other words, any algorithm that correctly generates some strongly fair schedules must also be incapable of generating some other valid schedules. This impossibility result is the first example of an implementable UNITY specification for which no maximal solution exists.
Reaction of HF with Porous Glass

Infrared spectra were used to follow the reaction of HF with porous glass which had been dehydroxylated to various degrees. The fluoridation proceeded smoothly, and the surface hydroxyls were eliminated completely with samples which were not degassed or were degassed mildly (at temperatures up to approximately 500°C) so that appreciable amounts of water and hydroxyls were on the surface before the HF treatment. Samples which had been severely dehydroxylated before exposure to HF behaved differently, and several HF treatments were required to effect complete fluoridation. Experiments suggest that the replacement of hydroxyls by fluoride is negligible at room temperature, the dominant reaction being the formation of B-OH and B-F groups. The latter are unstable at higher temperatures and release HF, so that dehydroxylation can continue after physically adsorbed HF has been desorbed and pumped away.
The Plasma Membrane as a Reservoir, Protective Shield, and Light‐Triggered Launch Pad for Peptide Therapeutics

Although peptide-based therapeutics are finding increasing application in the clinic, extensive structural modification is typically required to prevent their rapid degradation by proteases in the blood. We have evaluated the ability of erythrocytes to serve as reservoirs, protective shields (against proteases), and light-triggered launch pads for peptides. We designed lipidated peptides that are anchored to the surface of red blood cells, which furnishes a protease-resistant environment. A photocleavable moiety is inserted between the lipid anchor and the peptide backbone, thereby enabling light-triggered peptide release from erythrocytes. We have shown that a cell-permeable peptide, a hormone (melanocyte stimulating hormone), and a blood-clotting agent can be anchored to erythrocytes, protected from proteases, and photolytically released to create the desired biological effect.
ROLE OF SYMPATHETIC NERVES IN EFFECTS OF ESTRADIOL ON RAT WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE

Two experiments examined the role of the sympathetic nerves in estradiol-induced fat pad weight losses in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were OVX, and the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) was unilaterally denervated 4 wk later. After 14 days of treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB, 2 micrograms/day), the intact pads lost 23% more weight than the denervated pads. There was no effect of denervation on fat pad weight or on cytosol estrogen receptor concentration in RWAT in the animals treated with sesame oil vehicle. These data suggest that the sympathetic nerves play a role in estrogen-induced reductions in fat pad weight but not via changes in adipose tissue cytosol estrogen receptors. A second experiment examined whether estradiol-induced fat pad weight losses are accompanied by increased norepinephrine (NE) turnover, an index of sympathetic activity, in adipose tissue. Rats were OVX and treated with EB or sesame oil vehicle. NE turnover was assessed by measuring the decline of tissue NE over time after injection of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and thus NE biosynthesis. NE turnover in RWAT, but not heart, was significantly greater in animals treated with EB, suggesting that estradiol decreases fat pad weight in part by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity. It is possible that estradiol acts in the brain to regulate the activity of the sympathetic nerves to white adipose tissue and peripherally to alter adipose tissue responsiveness to catecholamines.
10 How is fidelity maintained in nucleic acids? Two tales in DNA repair and DNA transcription from computer simulations

Fidelity during nucleic acid replication and transcription is essential for maintaining proper biological function and involves a variety of different mechanisms. After replication, DNA repair proc...
Selection of Compliant Constant-Force Mechanisms Based on Stress and Force Criteria

Recent developments have made possible simple, compressive, constant force mechanisms (CFM) using compliant mechanism approaches. In order to reliably design such mechanisms for particular applications it is essential to understand the feasibilities of various configurations in terms of output force magnitude and allowable stresses. This paper first reviews past work done in the area of CFMs and then develops new non-dimensionalized parameters. While these new parameters simplify the calculations required to design a CFM, they will be utilized in future work to develop improved configurations and a detailed design methodology. The paper concludes by presenting an example that shows the usefulness of the new parameters.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Energetics and Thermodynamics of the Initial Stages of Hydrogen Storage by Spillover on Prototypical Metal–Organic Framework and Covalent–Organic Framework Materials

We study the energetics and thermodynamics of the initial stages of hydrogen storage by spillover on prototypical metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent–organic framework (COF) materials. We us...
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Phononic Crystals Using Finite Difference Time Domain Method

Phonon transport in two dimensional nano-membranes with periodic variations in acoustic properties, a.k.a. phononic crystals, has drawn tremendous interests recently due to their novel properties and potential applications in thermal energy conversion. Recent experiments have demonstrated drastically lower thermal conductivity than what one would expect from the Boltzmann transport equations (BTE) that describe phonon transport as particle diffusion. To understand the intriguing behavior, we used a partially coherent picture to model thermal transport in 2D phononic crystals. In this model, phonons with mean free paths longer than the characteristic size of the phononic crystals are treated as coherent waves. The finite difference time domain method is utilized to simulate the wave behavior and to obtain the phonon dispersion relations in phononic crystals. On the other hand, phonons with mean free paths shorter than the characteristic size are considered particles and are treated by BTE after taking the diffusive boundary scattering into account. Our result shows that the thermal conductivity reduces as the characteristic sizes decrease due to both the zone folding effect and the diffusive boundary scattering, which is consistent with the recent experimental results.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Abstract P003: Hyperactive Brain Renin Angiotensin System Induces Polydipsia Through mTORC1 Pathway

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a molecular hub for signaling pathways mediating a wide range of cellular events involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathophysiological processes. We previously demonstrated that Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates mTORC1 and its downstream effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase in neurons in vitro . Here, we investigated the role of brain mTORC1 in hypertension and polydipsia induced by Ang II. In wild-type mice, acute stimulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor signaling by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Ang II (1 μg, 30 min) activated mTORC1 signaling in the subfornical organ (SFO), a critical brain region in cardiovascular control and fluid balance, as indicated by the significant increase in the number of phosphorylated S6-positive cells (32±2 vs 13±3 in vehicle group). Similar upregulation of the mTORC1 pathway in the SFO was also found in the mice treated subcutaneously with Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) using an osmotic minipump for 1 week (27±3 vs 11±2 in vehicle group). To verify functional roles of the Ang II activation of mTORC1 in the SFO, we utilized hypertensive and polydipsic transgenic mice (sRA) that have a hyperactive brain renin-angiotensin system, resulting in SFO-overproduction of Ang II. Interestingly, sRA mice exhibited substantially elevated phospho-S6 immunoreactivity only in the SFO (64±6 vs 36±8 in controls) but not in other cardiovascular regulatory regions including the paraventricular nucleus. ICV delivery of mTORC1 blocker, rapamycin (10 ng/day for 7 days) significantly (p
Hippocampus NMDA receptors selectively mediate latent extinction of place learning

Extinction of maze learning may be achieved with or without the animal performing the previously acquired response. In typical "response extinction," animals are given the opportunity to make the previously acquired approach response toward the goal location of the maze without reinforcement. In "latent extinction," animals are not given the opportunity to make the previously acquired response and instead are confined to the previous goal location without reinforcement. Previous evidence indicates that the effectiveness of these protocols may depend on the type of memory being extinguished. Thus, one aim of the present study was to further examine the effectiveness of response and latent extinction protocols across dorsolateral striatum (DLS)-dependent response learning and hippocampus-dependent place learning tasks. In addition, previous neural inactivation experiments indicate a selective role for the hippocampus in latent extinction, but have not investigated the precise neurotransmitter mechanisms involved. Thus, the present study also examined whether latent extinction of place learning might depend on NMDA receptor activity in the hippocampus. In experiment 1, adult male Long-Evans rats were trained in a response learning task in a water plus-maze, in which animals were reinforced to make a consistent body-turn response to reach an invisible escape platform. Results indicated that response extinction, but not latent extinction, was effective at extinguishing memory in the response learning task. In experiment 2, rats were trained in a place learning task, in which animals were reinforced to approach a consistent spatial location containing the hidden escape platform. In experiment 2, animals also received intra-hippocampal infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (AP5; 5.0 or 7.5 ug/0.5 µg) or saline vehicle immediately before response or latent extinction training. Results indicated that both extinction protocols were effective at extinguishing memory in the place learning task. In addition, intra-hippocampal AP5 (7.5 µg) impaired latent extinction, but not response extinction, suggesting that hippocampal NMDA receptors are selectively involved in latent extinction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic Diversity Using Bimodal and Unimodal Expression of Stress Response Proteins

Populations of cells need to express proteins to survive the sudden appearance of stressors. However, these mechanisms may be taxing. Populations can introduce diversity, allowing individual cells to stochastically switch between fast-growing and stress-tolerant states. One way to achieve this is to use genetic networks coupled with noise to generate bimodal distributions with two distinct subpopulations, each adapted to a stress condition. Another survival strategy is to rely on random fluctuations in gene expression to produce continuous, unimodal distributions of the stress response protein. To quantify the environmental conditions where bimodal versus unimodal expression is beneficial, we used a differential evolution algorithm to evolve optimal distributions of stress response proteins given environments with sudden fluctuations between low and high stress. We found that bimodality evolved for a large range of environmental conditions. However, we asked whether these findings were an artifact of considering two well-defined stress environments (low and high stress). As noise in the environment increases, or when there is an intermediate environment (medium stress), the benefits of bimodality decrease. Our results indicate that under realistic conditions, a continuum of resistance phenotypes generated through a unimodal distribution is sufficient to ensure survival without a high cost to the population.
Strategies of Special Education

A learning disorder usually involves a myriad of attitudinal, perceptual-motor, academic, language, social, and behavioral components. In moving toward a more total child orientation which resists tunnel-vision and faddism, the special educator must draw from psychotherapeutic, neurologic, behavioral, and academic approaches. A close working relationship between teacher and physician is a vitally important part of this orientation.
Relationship Between the Volume and the Sugar Concentration of Loads Carried by Honeybees

SummaryIntensive observations on a small number of individual honeybees failed to provide evidence at the volume of the load of syrup they collected on any given trip was correlated with the concentration, scent, or type of sugar in the syrup. The volume of the load was positively correlated with the size of the bee (its unladen weight), and the capacity of the honey stomach seemed to be the determining factor. Some implications of these results are discussed.
Human Rights: Ideology and Aspiration, Reality and Prospect

By the end of the twentieth century, human rights, a political-philosophical idea, had become an ideology, the ideology of our times, achieving nearuniversal acceptance, with little dissent. Ours has been described as the Age of Rights.1 International human rights—international concern with the condition of human rights within national societies—was conceived during World War II, and its normative and institutional foundations were established during the decades after the war. In this chapter I trace the development of international institutions and of the international law of human rights, describe the successes and failures of international human rights during its first half century, and suggest how this edifice of norms and institutions has contributed to the human rights conditions of billions of human beings at the end of the twentieth century. Looking ahead, I offer the outlines of an agenda for the new century.
Power Amplifier Design for Variability

This chapter discusses the process variation effect on power amplifier performance. Extensive analytical equations are derived. The adaptive body bias technique to reduce the process variation effect on the power amplifier performance variation is presented.
Propagating Flames and their Stability

Viewed on a hydrodynamical scale, a flame may be considered as a surface of discontinuity, separating burned from unburned gas. Unlike earlier treatments, which ignored the flame structure, the present study accounts for the interaction of the fluid flow with the transport processes and chemical reactions occurring inside the thin flame zone. Thus we derive, rather than prescribe, jump conditions across the flame front and an equation for the flame speed. The model, derived in coordinate invariant form, describes the dynamics of flame fronts including their stability. Particular attention is focused on the stability of curved flames, which reveal some characteristics that do not exist in the corresponding analysis of plane flames. Due to the stabilizing effect of curvature, disturbances of circular flames grow more slowly than those for plane flames. As in the case of plane flames, when the mass diffusivity of the deficient reactant component is sufficiently smaller than thermal diffusivity, curved flames can be stabilized. Finally, in contrast to plane flames, the effect of viscosity on curved flames is comparable to that of diffusion and is destabilizing. This dependence decreases with increasing radius of curvature and disappears entirely for plane flames.
Treatment of Acute Necrotizing Eosinophilic Myocarditis With Immunosuppression and Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is a type IVb delayed hypersensitivity reaction characterized by cutaneous eruption, eosinophilia, fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis, with potential involvement of the heart, lungs, and kidneys. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, yet it is thought that inciting medications may directly stimulate T cells via the T-cell receptor. Acute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis (ANEM) is a severe complication of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. ANEM has an unknown incidence, but a reported mortality of >50% and average survival of <4 days.1 A 21-year-old previously healthy woman with skin biopsy–proven drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, related to minocycline use for acne and treated recently with an oral steroid taper, presented to the emergency department with 4 days of worsening chest pain and dyspnea. Shortly after arrival, she suffered pulseless electric activity …
Inner ear anomalies in children with isolated unilateral congenital aural atresia

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis We aim to define the frequencies of anomalies of the inner ear, oval window, and round window ipsilateral to isolated non-syndromic unilateral aural atresia. Methods and materials Retrospective case series. We reviewed high resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bones of 70 children with isolated non-syndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia. Scans were reviewed according to the Jahrsdoerfer criteria and further evaluated for anomalies of the vestibule, semi-circular canals, cochlea, internal auditory canal and vestibulocochlear nerve. Results Inner ear dysplasia was seen in two of 70 atretic ears: one with a dysmorphic lateral semicircular canal and another with a large vestibule assimilating the lateral semicircular canal. Abnormalities of the oval window and round window ipsilateral to the atresia were identified in 21% (15) and 7% (5), respectively, of the atretic ears. Oval window and round window abnormalities were associated with disproportionately lower Jahrsdoerfer scores compared to aural atresia patients without these abnormalities (P Conclusion Compared to studies that included syndromic or bilateral atresia cases, we found inner ear and oval window abnormalities less common in children with isolated non-syndromic unilateral aural atresia. However, round window anomalies seem to occur at about the same frequency.
P1 Receptors in the Cardiovascular System

The presence of adenosine receptors on cardiovascular tissues has previously been established on the basis of functional responses to adenosine and adenosine analogs. Specific functions attributed to each of the four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) are discussed in detail below following a summary of the direct evidence for adenosine receptors in cardiovascular tissues based on the detection of receptor transcripts or protein.
A phase II trial of dasatinib in patients with unresectable locally advanced or stage IV mucosal, acral, and solar melanomas: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (E2607).

TPS312 Background: Effective therapy for advanced melanoma remains elusive. Preclinical studies report a critical role of c-KIT amplification and mutations in mucosal, acral, and solar melanomas. Preliminary data from clinical trials of KIT-directed therapy suggest their potential efficacy in these subtypes of melanomas. Targeting KIT, PDGFR, and SRC family kinases (SFK), dasatinib has inhibitory effects not seen with imatinib and nilotinib in melanoma cell lines with the most common KIT mutation, 11L576P. E2607 tests the efficacy of dasatinib in treatment-naive or previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma with these subtypes. Methods: We plan to enroll up to 110 patients with acral (palms, soles, or subungual sites), mucosal, or cutaneous melanomas with chronic sun damage (solar elastosis in the skin adjacent to the melanoma). Solar elastosis must be confirmed centrally. Patients receive dasatinib 70 mg PO twice daily on an open-label, single-arm basis. Cycle length is 21 days, wit...
Numerical binary black hole mergers in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity: Scalar field

Testing general relativity in the nonlinear, dynamical, strong-field regime of gravity is one of the major goals of gravitational wave astrophysics. Performing precision tests of general relativity (GR) requires numerical inspiral, merger, and ringdown waveforms for binary black hole (BBH) systems in theories beyond GR. Currently, GR and scalar-tensor gravity are the only theories amenable to numerical simulations. In this article, we present a well-posed perturbation scheme for numerically integrating beyond-GR theories that have a continuous limit to GR. We demonstrate this scheme by simulating BBH mergers in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity (dCS), to linear order in the perturbation parameter. We present mode waveforms and energy fluxes of the dCS pseudoscalar field from our numerical simulations. We find good agreement with analytic predictions at early times, including the absence of pseudoscalar dipole radiation. We discover new phenomenology only accessible through numerics: a burst of dipole radiation during merger. We also quantify the self-consistency of the perturbation scheme. Finally, we estimate bounds that GR-consistent LIGO detections could place on the new dCS length scale, approximately l ≲ O(10)km.
Symphony: An Integrated Multimedia File System

An integrated multimediafile system supports the storage and retrieval of multiple data types. In this paper, we first discuss various design methodologies for building integrated file systems and examine their tradeoffs. We argue that, to efficiently support the storage and retrieval of heterogeneous data types, an integratedfile system should enable the coexistence of multiple data type specific techniques. We then describe the design of Symphony-an integrated file system that achieves this objective. Some of the novel features of Symphony include: a QoS-aware disk scheduling algorithm; support for data type specific placement, failure recovery, and caching policies; and support for assigning data type specific structure tofiles. We discuss the prototype implementation of Symphony, and present results of our preliminary experimental evaluation.
Tropical cloud and precipitation regimes as seen from near-simultaneous TRMM, CloudSat, and CALIPSO observations and comparison with ISCCP

Although Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and CloudSat/CALIPSO fly in different orbits, they frequently cross each other so that for the period between 2006 and 2010, a total of 15,986 intersect lines occurred within 20 min of each other from 30°S to 30°N, providing a rare opportunity to study tropical cloud and precipitation regimes and their internal vertical structure from near-simultaneous measurements by these active sensors. A k-means cluster analysis of TRMM and CloudSat matchups identifies three tropical cloud and precipitation regimes: the first two regimes correspond to, respectively, organized deep convection with heavy rain and cirrus anvils with moderate rain; the third regime is a convectively suppressed regime that can be further divided into three subregimes, which correspond to, respectively, stratocumulus clouds with drizzle, cirrus overlying low clouds, and nonprecipitating cumulus. Inclusion of CALIPSO data adds to the dynamic range of cloud properties and identifies one more cluster; subcluster analysis further identifies a thin, midlevel cloud regime associated with tropical mountain ranges. The radar-lidar cloud regimes are compared with the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) weather states (WSs) for the extended tropics. Focus is placed on the four convectively active WSs, namely, WS1–WS4. ISCCP WS1 and WS2 are found to be counterparts of Regime 1 and Regime 2 in radar-lidar observations, respectively. ISCCP WS3 and WS4, which are mainly isolated convection and broken, detached cirrus, do not have a strong association with any individual radar and lidar regimes, a likely effect of the different sampling strategies between ISCCP and active sensors and patchy cloudiness of these WSs.
GLIAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER GLT-1 DOES NOT REVERSE ITS FUNCTION IN ISCHEMIC PENUMBRA.

4 Functional glutamate uptake systems are critical for maintenance of normal synaptic transmission. Several studies have shown that in severely ischemic brain regions, massive efflux of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) results, in large portion, from the reversal of Na + -dependent glutamate transporters. This study was designed to examine the function of the predominant glial transporter, GLT-1, in a brain area representative of ischemic penumbra. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to a 45 min transient focal ischemia by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). In this model, the core ischemic region resides in the medial striatum while the surrounding parietal cortex represents a penumbral area. Temporal profiles of extracellular levels of glutamate [Glu] e and aspartate [Asp] e were assessed using microdialysis in the parietal cortex. Preischemic [Glu] e and [Asp] e were constant and no changes were observed in sham operated animals. MCAO induced rapid efflux of EAAs with the peak of 7 and 9 fold increases in [Glu] e and [Asp] e at 20 min post MCAO, respectively. Levels of both EAAs returned to baseline prior to reperfusion. In contrast, a local infusion (reverse microdialysis) of the GLT-1 selective nontransportable inhibitor, dihydrokainate (DHK, 1 mM) during the ischemic insult,prolonged and increased the efflux of both EAAs throughout MCAO interval resulting in peak 9 and 16 fold increases (p>0.05) in [Glu] e and [Asp] e , respectively, at 40 min post MCAO. The total ischemic efflux of Glu and Asp (areas under the curve, AUC) was increased by 70% and 98%. Infusion of the voltage dependent Na + channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 μM) during the ischemic period attenuated the initial MCAO-induced Glu and Asp efflux from 7 to 2 fold and from 9 to 2 fold, respectively. These data provide the first evidence that within the ischemic brain penumbra, GLT-1 remains functional and displays no evidence of reverse transport. In addition, the attenuation of MCAO-induced EAA efflux by TTX indicates that the source of penumbral release is primarily neuronal.
Crystal, magnetic, calorimetric and electronic structure investigation of GdScGe1-x Sb x compounds.

Experimental investigations of crystal structure, magnetism and heat capacity of compounds in the pseudoternary GdScGe-GdScSb system combined with density functional theory projections have been employed to clarify the interplay between the crystal structure and magnetism in this series of RTX materials (R = rare-earth, [Formula: see text] = transition metal and X = p-block element). We demonstrate that the CeScSi-type structure adopted by GdScGe and CeFeSi-type structure adopted by GdScSb coexist over a limited range of compositions [Formula: see text]. Antimony for Ge substitutions in GdScGe result in an anisotropic expansion of the unit cell of the parent that is most pronounced along the c axis. We believe that such expansion acts as the driving force for the instability of the double layer CeScSi-type structure of the parent germanide. Extensive, yet limited Sb substitutions [Formula: see text] lead to a strong reduction of the Curie temperature compared to the GdScGe parent, but without affecting the saturation magnetization. With a further increase in Sb content, the first compositions showing the presence of the CeFeSi-type structure of the antimonide, [Formula: see text], coincide with the appearance of an antiferromagnetic phase. The application of a finite magnetic field reveals a jump in magnetization toward a fully saturated ferromagnetic state. This antiferro-ferromagnetic transformation is not associated with a sizeable latent heat, as confirmed by heat capacity measurements. The electronic structure calculations for [Formula: see text] indicate that the key factor in the conversion from the ferromagnetic CeScSi-type to the antiferromagnetic CeFeSi-type structure is the disappearance of the induced magnetic moments on Sc. For the parent antimonide, heat capacity measurements indicate an additional transition below the main antiferromagnetic transition.
Is there a role for cardiac positron emission tomography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Coronary microvascular dysfunction and, its functional consequence, myocardial ischemia are common pathologic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Both have been commonly invoked as potential triggers of and/or contributors to the underlying pathophysiological processes leading to heart failure, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Positron emission tomography (PET) with myocardial blood flow quantification provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the integrity and function of the coronary microcirculation in HCM. The purpose of the present review is to summarize all the pertinent literature and future perspectives of the role of PET in the evaluation and risk stratification of patients with HCM.
Photodissociation of Metal-Containing Gas Phase Ions

As this volume makes clear, chemical study of charged molecules has played a major role in the rapid progress of gas phase inorganic chemistry. A constant difficulty in studying gas phase ions is the relative scarcity of powerful tools for characterizing the molecules, since most of the array of methods which make conventional neutral-molecule chemistry a tractable field of study, such as NMR, ESR, chromatography, optical activity, and IR/Raman, are not now feasible for gaseous ions. Photodissociation holds the outstanding promise of filling some of this gap†: Through photodissociation spectroscopy, it supplies optical spectroscopic information corresponding to that provided by visible/UV spectroscopy (and perhaps eventually to that provided by IR as well), while the observation of the photofragmentation patterns is effectively a way of performing mass spectrometric analysis on the ionic molecules. It is the rapidly growing application of these methods to the new frontier of gas phase metal ion chemistry that inspires this chapter.
Ab initio Bogoliubov coupled cluster theory for open-shell nuclei

Background: Ab initio many-body methods have been developed over the past 10 yr to address closed-shell nuclei up to mass $A\ensuremath{\approx}130$ on the basis of realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions. A current frontier relates to the extension of those many-body methods to the description of open-shell nuclei. Several routes to address open-shell nuclei are currently under investigation, including ideas that exploit spontaneous symmetry breaking.Purpose: Singly open-shell nuclei can be efficiently described via the sole breaking of U(1) gauge symmetry associated with particle-number conservation as a way to account for their superfluid character. While this route was recently followed within the framework of self-consistent Green's function theory, the goal of the present work is to formulate a similar extension within the framework of coupled cluster theory.Methods: We formulate and apply Bogoliubov coupled cluster (BCC) theory, which consists of representing the exact ground-state wave function of the system as the exponential of a quasiparticle excitation cluster operator acting on a Bogoliubov reference state. Equations for the ground-state energy and the cluster amplitudes are derived at the singles and doubles level (BCCSD) both algebraically and diagrammatically. The formalism includes three-nucleon forces at the normal-ordered two-body level. The first BCC code is implemented in $m$ scheme, which will permit the treatment of doubly open-shell nuclei via the further breaking of SU(2) symmetry associated with angular momentum conservation.Results: Proof-of-principle calculations in an ${N}_{\text{max}}=6$ spherical harmonic oscillator basis for $^{16,18}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ in the BCCD approximation are in good agreement with standard coupled cluster results with the same chiral two-nucleon interaction, while $^{20}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{20}\mathrm{Mg}$ display underbinding relative to experiment. The breaking of U(1) symmetry, monitored by computing the variance associated with the particle-number operator, is relatively constant for all five nuclei, in both the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov and BCCD approximations.Conclusions: The newly developed many-body formalism increases the potential span of ab initio calculations based on single-reference coupled cluster techniques tremendously, i.e., potentially to reach several hundred additional midmass nuclei. The new formalism offers a wealth of potential applications and further extensions dedicated to the description of ground and excited states of open-shell nuclei. Short-term goals include the implementation of three-nucleon forces at the normal-ordered two-body level. Midterm extensions include the approximate treatment of triples corrections and the development of the equation-of-motion methodology to treat both excited states and odd nuclei. Long-term extensions include exact restoration of U(1) and SU(2) symmetries.
Behavioral Investment Theory

So there you are on the couch watching TV when an Oreo® cookie ad activates in you a desire to get a glass of milk. It has been a long day, and you are feeling a little spent. A small calculation takes place—almost subconsciously—as you decide whether it is worth the effort to get up and pour yourself a glass. Finally, the thirst wins out. You pull yourself up and head over to the refrigerator. But scanning the contents you find no milk, resulting in a glance over at the trashcan, where you see the empty container. Feelings of irritation follow the interruption of your goal. The thought briefly enters your mind to head to the store, but it is quickly quashed—that would clearly require too much time and effort. You settle on a glass of orange juice, with mild feelings of annoyance.
Zinc, Iron and Copper Interactions in Humans, Rats and Chicks

The effect of iron on zinc metabolism is of interest because iron supplements and foods highly fortified with iron are used so frequently. However, in practical situations we think that supplemental zinc is more apt to affect iron metabolism, than vice versa. We base this comment on data collected in studies conducted with humans, rats and chicks.
A Note on Prediction and an Autoregressive Sequence

Prediction for a first order possibly nonGaus-sian sequence is considered. Remarks are made about prediction with time increasing and with time reversed.
Revisiting the Making of Men and other Texts

I entered or anyway I encountered the white world. Now this white world that I was encountering was, just the same, one of the forces that had been controlling me from the time that I opened my eyes on the world.
Thermoelectrics with Thermionic Boundary Conditions

Good thermoelectrics are usually bulk or multilayer semiconductors.1-4They are used for solid state refrigerators and power generators. Thermionic refrigerators5-8cool by emitting electrons by thermionic emission. Since only “hot” electrons can leave the surface, the remaining system is cooled. It is a form of evaporative cooling.
Newer-Generation EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer: How Are They Best Used?

The FLAURA trial established osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), as a viable first-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing EGFR mutations, namely exon 19 deletion and L858R. In this phase 3 randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of treatment-naive patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC, osimertinib was compared to standard-of-care EGFR TKIs (i.e., erlotinib or gefinitib) in the first-line setting. Osimertinib demonstrated improvement in median progression-free survival (18.9 months vs. 10.2 months; hazard ratio 0.46; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.57; p < 0.001) and a more favorable toxicity profile due to its lower affinity for wild-type EGFR. Furthermore, similar to later-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, osimertinib has improved efficacy against brain metastases. Despite this impressive effect, the optimal sequencing of osimertinib, whether in the first line or as subsequent therapy after the failure of earlier-generation EGFR TKIs, is not clear. Because up-front use of later-generation TKIs may result in the inability to use earlier-generation TKIs, this treatment paradigm must be evaluated carefully. For EGFR mutant NSCLC, considerations include the incidence of T790M resistance mutations, quality of life, whether there is a potential role for earlier-generation TKIs after osimertinib failure, and overall survival. This review explores these issues for EGFR inhibitors and other molecularly targeted therapies.
Fabrication and characterization of aging resistant carbon molecular sieve membranes for C3 separation using high molecular weight crosslinkable polyimide, 6FDA-DABA

Abstract Although propylene/propane separation remains a challenge for industrial processes, carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) have the potential to replace traditional separation methods. A high molecular weight crosslinkable polyimide was utilized to fabricate CMSMs, which showed pure gas permeabilities in excess of 400 barrers with propylene/propane selectivities as high as 25. Mixed gas (C3H8:C3H6 50:50) measurements yielded a propylene permeability of 257 barrers and a selectivity of 20. CMSMs from thermally precrosslinked polymer precursors demonstrated a 98% propylene permeability retention after aging for 20 days under vacuum. Active gas flow conditions resulted in slightly lower permeability retention (92.5%) after 15 days of testing.
Sex Differences in Ethanol Reward Seeking Under Conflict in Mice

Background Alcohol use disorders are characterized by inflexible alcohol seeking that occurs despite adverse consequences. Males and females are differentially sensitive to ethanol (EtOH) reward, but it is unclear whether sex differences in EtOH seeking under reward-aversion conflict are present. Methods To investigate sex differences in EtOH seeking under conflict, adult male and female C57BL/6J mice underwent chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure by vapor inhalation or served as air-exposed controls. After CIE, mice were trained in a modified EtOH conditioned place preference paradigm. During 3 conditioning sessions, 2 g/kg EtOH was administered prior to confinement in the "EtOH-paired" chamber. On alternating days, saline was injected prior to confinement in the "saline-paired" chamber. After conditioning, mice experienced a footshock in the EtOH-paired chamber. EtOH-seeking behavior was assessed before and after footshock. Results Control and CIE-exposed males reduced the time spent in and increased latency to enter the reward-paired chamber following footshock. Control females did not alter EtOH-seeking behavior following footshock. CIE-exposed females spent more time in the EtOH-paired chamber at baseline. However, following a footshock, CIE-exposed females significantly reduced the time spent in and increased latency to enter the EtOH-paired chamber. Conclusions Nondependent female mice exhibited aversion-resistant alcohol seeking to a greater degree than males. Chronic EtOH exposure did not impact EtOH seeking in males. In females, CIE enhanced EtOH seeking in the absence of conflict, but reduced EtOH seeking after an aversive experience. While these sex-specific effects of CIE are not present when reward seeking is assessed in the absence of an aversive experience, multiple factors may underlie the differences in reward seeking despite adverse consequences, including reward- and aversion-related learning and decision making under conflict. These data highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable influencing EtOH seeking and provide a greater understanding of how sex interacts with EtOH exposure to alter behavior.
5-FU induced cardiotoxicity: case series and review of the literature

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite chemotherapy used for a variety of solid tumors. It has the potential to cause a wide spectrum of cardiotoxicity, ranging from asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes to cardiomyopathy and subsequent cardiac failure. Main body of the abstract: We present two descriptive cases of new-onset severe cardiomyopathy induced by 5-FU followed by a review of the literature. Our case series emphasizes the importance of early recognition of this rare complication and prompt cessation of 5-FU, as cardiac dysfunction in this context is potentially reversible.
Botanical and geographical origin of Turkish honeys by selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry and chemometrics.

Background Honey has a very important commercial value for producers as a natural product. Honey aroma is formed from the contributions of several volatile compounds, which are influenced by nectar composition, botanical origins, and location. Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a technique that quantifies volatile organic compounds simply and rapidly, even in low concentrations. In this study, the headspace concentration of eight monofloral (chestnut, rhododendron, lavender, sage, carob, heather, citrus, and pine) and three multiflower Turkish honeys were analyzed using SIFT-MS. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was used to differentiate honey samples based on their volatiles. Results This study focused on 78 volatile compounds, which were selected from previous studies of selected honeys. Very clear distinctions were observed between all honeys. Interclass distances greater than 8 indicate that honeys were significantly different. Methanol and ethanol were abundant in the honeys. Chestnut honey collected from the Yalova region had the highest total concentration of volatiles followed by heather honey and chestnut honey collected from the Duzce region. Conclusion Honeys with different botanical and geographical origins showed differences in their volatile profile based on chemometric analysis. Of the honey samples, methanol, ethanol, acetoin, ethyl acetate, and isobutanoic acid had the highest discriminating power. Methanol and ethanol, and then acetic acid, were the volatiles with the highest concentrations in most honeys. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Leptomeningeal Metastases in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Optimal Systemic Management in NSCLC With and Without Driver Mutations

As a devastating complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the incidence of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is rising, largely due to overall longer survival of NSCLC, especially in patients with targetable molecular driver mutations. There is no clear consensus on the optimal management of LM. This review will cover recent advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of LM in NSCLC. In LM without oncogene drivers, systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal therapy, and radiation have modestly improved the clinical outcomes. Emerging data have also suggested encouraging activity of immunotherapy. At the same time, in LM with sensitizing EGFR mutations, osimertinib should be considered regardless of T790M status. Pulse erlotinib, afatinib, and newer agents with improved CNS penetration have also shown benefits. Moreover, accumulating evidences support potential benefits of molecularly targeted therapy in ALK-rearranged and other oncogene-driven NSCLC with LM. Future studies are warranted to better define the underlying mechanism, to optimize the clinical management, and to improve patient outcomes.
Cranial Neural Crest Cells and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Craniofacial Anomalies and Coronal Craniosynostosis

Craniofacial anomalies are among the most common of birth defects. The pathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies frequently involves defects in the migration, proliferation, and fate of neural crest cells destined for the craniofacial skeleton. Genetic mutations causing deficient cranial neural crest migration and proliferation can result in Treacher Collins syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence, and cleft palate. Defects in post-migratory neural crest cells can result in pre- or post-ossification defects in the developing craniofacial skeleton and craniosynostosis (premature fusion of cranial bones/cranial sutures). The coronal suture is the most frequently fused suture in craniosynostosis syndromes. It exists as a biological boundary between the neural crest-derived frontal bone and paraxial mesoderm-derived parietal bone. The objective of this review is to frame our current understanding of neural crest cells in craniofacial development, craniofacial anomalies, and the pathogenesis of coronal craniosynostosis. We will also discuss novel approaches for advancing our knowledge and developing prevention and/or treatment strategies for craniofacial tissue regeneration and craniosynostosis.
Shocking Escape: A Cardiac Escape Room for Undergraduate Nursing Students:

Background.Cardiovascular content is challenging for students to master in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Educational escape rooms have been shown to be useful in increasing student knowledg...
Response to Dr Visoiu concerning 'ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block with and without dexmedetomidine in pediatric umbilical hernia repairs: a retrospective interrupted time series analysis'.

To the Editor We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Dr Visoiu[1][1] regarding the clinical significance of our study on bilateral rectus sheath block with dexmedetomidine (RSB-D) and without dexmedetomidine (RSB) in pediatric umbilical hernia repairs.[2][2] When determining clinical significance