cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of watershed suburbanization on leaf litter decomposition and microbial activity

Urbanization can result in multiple stressors for freshwater ecosystems including altered flow regimes, higher sediment loads and increased inorganic nutrient supply. The effects of urbanization on ecosystem processes including organic matter decomposition are poorly understood. Relationships between decomposition and nutrient levels are inconsistent, possibly due to interactions among stimulatory and inhibitory factors. We incubated leaf litter from two tree species (maple and oak) that differ in foliar chemistry in four streams that varied in the extent of suburbanization (human population density, concentrations of nitrate and chloride) and assessed decomposition rates and microbial activity. We found both stream and leaf species effects but the response of maple to the gradient of suburbanization was much stronger than oak. Although suburban streams were associated with reduced interspecific variability in decomposition rates, fungal biomass only responded to differences among leaf species. We observed high rates of mineralization suggesting that decomposition was not nutrient limited. Results show that multiple stressors may act antagonistically to create a muted signal of suburbanization, conditions where the effects of leaf species emerge to drive microbial activity. Understanding how decomposition responds to multiple factors associated with urbanization is essential for predicting how detrital-based food webs will respond to the Anthropocene.
CD81 and CD28 Costimulate T Cells Through Distinct Pathways

We have examined the role of CD81 in the activation of murine splenic alphabeta T cells. Expression of the CD81 molecule on T cells increases following activation, raising the possibility of a role for this molecule in progression of the activation process. Using an in vitro costimulation assay, we show that CD81 can function as a costimulatory molecule on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This costimulation functions independently of CD28, and unlike costimulation through CD28, is susceptible to inhibition by cyclosporin A. Strikingly, the pattern of cytokine production elicited by costimulation via CD81 is unique. IL-2 production was not up-regulated, whereas both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression significantly increased. Together our results demonstrate an alternate pathway for costimulation of T cell activation mediated by CD81.
The origin of Mentha X gracilis (Lamiaceae). I. Chromosome numbers, fertility, and three morphological characters

Employing nine clones ofMentha arvensis and four clones ofM. spicata, 932 F, hybrids were synthesized and compared to 20 clones ofM. x gracilis. Two clones ofM. x gracilis with 60 somatic chromosomes were matched to a selected F1 hybrid. The other 18 clones ofM. x gracilis had somatic chromosome numbers of 60, 72, 84, and 96, and while these chromosome numbers appeared in the F1 progeny, morphological matches correlated with their correct chromosome numbers were not synthesized. The range of pollen and seed fertility, as well as the inheritance of male-sterility, leaf pubescence, and crispness, indicates that no one character can be used to identifyM. x gracilis, but all characters can be explained fromM. arvensis x M. spicata.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and sodium bentonite on digestion, solid and liquid flow, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of forage sorghum silage-based diets fed to steers

Six ruminally cannulated steers, five Holsteins and one Hereford (250 to 295 kg), were fed 84% forage sorghum silage plus 16% supplement or 50% forage sorghum silage plus concentrate and supplement diets containing either no addition (controls), 1% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or 2% sodium bentonite in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a 6 X 6 Latin-square experiment with 3-wk periods. Sodium bicarbonate increased dry matter (DM) intake when concentrate was included, but neither compound affected intake of the 84% silage diet. Bentonite lowered DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibilities, but NDF disappearance from nylon bags was unchanged. Ruminal pH, osmolality and L(+) and D(-) lactate were not affected by treatment. Both NaHCO3 and bentonite tended to lower ruminal NH3-N concentrations. Bentonite lowered the molar proportion of isobutyrate in ruminal fluid relative to controls, but proportions of other volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total VFA concentrations were unchanged. Neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite affected ruminal liquid or solid volumes, dilution rate constants or ruminal outflow rates. Markers overestimated volumes, but correction with measured volumes did not change interpretation of treatment effects. It was concluded that control diets had sufficiently high baseline values of pH, dilution rate and acetate proportion to preclude changes induced by either compound, especially at 1 or 2% of DM intake. An effect on palatibility through neutralization of silage acids may have been responsible for the intake response to NaHCO3.
A Framework for Eliciting Emotional Speech: Capitalizing on the Actor’s Process

This paper offers an approach and a theoretical framework for eliciting emotional speech using actors. The framework is developed by connecting the goal-based model of emotion proposed by Abelson [1], the work of appraisal theorists, and an approach to the actor's technical process widely used in the professional theater and taught in modern conservatories. In doing so, we hope to address some of the difficulties currently encountered in the use of acted speech in emotion research.
Mutually induced chaos in practically-isolated semiconductor lasers

The paper presents a counterintuitive example where practically isolated (or ultra-weakly coupled) lasers, instead of approaching independent operation, interact in the most complicated manner become chaotic.
Privacy in database publishing

We formulate and study a privacy guarantee to data owners, who share information with clients by publishing views of a proprietary database. The owner identi.es the sensitive proprietary data using a secret query against the proprietary database. Given an extra view, the privacy guarantee ensures that potential attackers will not learn any information about the secret that could not already be obtained from the existing views. We de.ne “learning” as the modi.cation of the attacker's a-priori probability distribution on the set of possible secrets. We assume arbitrary a-priori distributions (including distributions that correlate the existence of particular tuples) and solve the problem when secret and views are expressed as unions of conjunctive queries with non-equalities, under integrity constraints. We consider guarantees (a) for given view extents (b) for given domain of the secret and (c) independent of the domain and extents.
Inconsistencies Exist in National Estimates of Eye Care Services Utilization in the United States

Background. There are limited research and substantial uncertainty about the level of eye care utilization in the United States. Objectives. Our study estimated eye care utilization using, to our knowledge, every known nationally representative, publicly available database with information on office-based optometry or ophthalmology services. Research Design. We analyzed the following national databases to estimate eye care utilization: the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Joint Canada/US Survey of Health (JCUSH), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Subjects. US adults aged 18 and older. Measures. Self-reported utilization of eye care services. Results. The weighted number of adults seeing or talking with any eye doctor ranges from 87.9 million to 99.5 million, and the number of visits annually ranges from 72.9 million to 142.6 million. There were an estimated 17.2 million optometry visits and 55.8 million ophthalmology visits. Conclusions. The definitions and estimates of eye care services vary widely across national databases, leading to substantial differences in national estimates of eye care utilization.
New directions in PVM/Harness research

The PVM development team continues to do distributed virtual machine research. Today that research revolves around the PVM project follow-on called Harness. Every three years the team chooses a new direction to explore. This year marks the beginning of a new cycle and this talk will describe the new directions and software that the PVM/Harness research team will developing over the next few years. The first direction involves the use of Harness technology in a DOE project to develop a scalable Linux OS suited to petascale computers. Harness distributed control will be leveraged to increase the fault tolerance of such an OS. The second direction involves the use of the Harness runtime environment in the new Open MPI software project. Open MPI is an integration of several previous MPI implementations, including LAM-MPI, the LA-MPI package, and the Fault Tolerant MPI from the Harness project. The third research direction is called the ”Harness Workbench” and will investigate the creation of a unified and adaptive application development environment across diverse computing platforms. This research effort will leverage the dynamic plug-in technology developed in our Harness research. Each of these three research efforts will be described in detail. Finally the talk will describe the latest news on DOE’s National Leadership Computing Facility, which will house a 100 TF Cray system at ORNL, and an IBM Blue Gene system at Argonne National Lab. We will describe the scientific missions of this facility and the new concept of ”computational end stations” being pioneered by the Facility.
Privacy requirements in identity management solutions

In this paper we highlight the need for privacy of user data used in digital identity management systems. We investigate the issues from the individual, business, and government perspectives. We provide surveys related to the growing problem of identity theft and the sociological concerns of individuals with respect to the privacy of their identity data. We show the privacy concerns, especially with respect to health and biometric data, where the loss of privacy of that data may have serious consequences. Moreover, we also discuss how privacy concerns change according to the individual's disposition to provide the data. Voluntary disclosure of personal information is more acceptable to users than if information disclosure is involuntary, like in the case of surveillance. Finally, we highlight the shortcomings of current identity management systems with respect to the current privacy needs and motivate the need of hardened importance of privacy enabling functionalities in such systems.
Physiological and structural analysis of light-harvesting mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Two mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides defective in formation of light-harvesting spectral complexes were examined in detail. Mutant RS103 lacked in the B875 spectral complex despite the fact that substantial levels of the B875-..cap alpha.. polypeptide (and presumably the ..beta.. polypeptide) were present. The B800-850 spectral complex was derepressed in RS103, even at high light intensities, and the growth rate was near normal at high light intensity but decreased relative to the wild type as the light intensity used for growth decreased. Mutant RS104 lacked colored carotenoids and the B800-850 spectral complex, as well as the cognate apoproteins. This strain grew normally at high light intensity and, as with RS103, the growth rate decreased as the light intensity used for growth decreased. At very low light intensities, however, RS104 would grow, whereas RS103 would not. Structural analysis of these mutants as well as others revealed that the morphology of the intracytoplasmic membrane invaginations is associated with the presence of absence of the B800-850 complex as well as of carotenoids. A low-molecular-weight intracytoplasmic membrane polypeptide, which may play a role in B800-850 complex formation, is described, as is a 62,000-dalton polypeptide whose abundance is directly related to light intensity as well asmore » the absence of either of the light-harvesting spectral complexes. These data, obtained from studies of mutant strains and the wild type, are discussed in light of photosynthetic membrane formation and the abundance of spectral complexes per unit area of membrane. Finally, a method for the bulk preparation of the B875 complex from wild-type strain 2.4.1 is reported.« less
Mining Sky Surveys for Astrophysically Interesting Variable Stars: The Cepheid Period Range

We have undertaken a project to discover new type II Cepheids in two large‐area sky surveys. However, most of the candidates from the surveys differ from type II Cepheids in their amplitude and period distributions and they form a separate, cooler sequence relative to the Cepheids in a temperature—gravity plot. We refer to these objects as “Cepheid‐like” stars. Many exhibit unstable pulsation which we illustrate with representative light curves.
Cholangitis Associated With Cryptococcus neoformans

A 15-yr-old girl presented with complaints of right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, signs of portal hypertension, and computed tomographic scan findings suggested a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, cultures of the bile and of the common bile duct specimen obtained during a surgical procedure grew Cryptococcus neof ormans. Treatment with amphotericin B was begun. An episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, however, led to the hepatorenal syndrome, and the patient died before anti f ungal therapy was completed. At autopsy, active sclerosing cholangitis associated with cryptococci involved the common bile duct. We suggest that opportunistic infection of the biliary tree should be considered in pediatric patients with presumed primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Proteomic approaches to tumor marker discovery.

Abstract Context.—Current tumor markers for ovarian cancer still lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to be applicable in large populations. High-throughput proteomic profiling and bioinformatics tools allow for the rapid screening of a large number of potential biomarkers in serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Objective.—To determine whether protein profiles of plasma can be used to identify potential biomarkers that improve the detection of ovarian cancer. Design.—We analyzed plasma samples that had been collected between 1998 and 2001 from patients with sporadic ovarian serous neoplasms before tumor resection at various International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages (stage I [n = 11], stage II [n = 3], and stage III [n = 29]) and from women without known neoplastic disease (n = 38) using proteomic profiling and bioinformatics. We compared results between the patients with and without cancer and evaluated their discriminatory performance against that of the cancer antigen 125 (CA125)...
The AXAF/XRS ADR - Engineering model

A spaceworthy Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator is under development at Goddard Space Flight Center as part of the X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS), an instrument on the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF). XRS will employ an array of 32 microcalorimeters capable of detecting X-rays in the energy range of 0.3 –10 keV. In order to achieve a desired resolution of 12 eV, these detectors must be operated at a temperature of 0.065–0.100 K. An ADR must be used to cool these detectors in space.
An improved algorithm for unsupervised decomposition of a multi-author document

This article addresses the problem of unsupervised decomposition of a multi-author text document: identifying the sentences written by each author assuming the number of authors is unknown. An approach, BayesAD, is developed for solving this problem: apply a Bayesian segmentation algorithm, followed by a segment clustering algorithm. Results are presented from an empirical comparison between BayesAD and AK, a modified version of an approach published by Akiva and Koppel in 2013. BayesAD exhibited greater accuracy than AK in all experiments. However, BayesAD has a parameter that needs to be set and which had a nontrivial impact on accuracy. Developing an effective method for eliminating this need would be a fruitful direction for future work. When controlling for topic, the accuracy levels of BayesAD and AK were, in all but one case, worse than a baseline approach wherein one author was assumed to write all sentences in the input text document. Hence, room for improved solutions exists.
Evaluating the Support of MTC Applications on Intel Xeon Phi Many-Core Accelerators

As Many-Task Computing (MTC) is becoming common-place on clusters, grids, and supercomputers, research that aims to take advantage of the new advances in hardware for MTC workloads is becoming more relevant. A good example is the design of frameworks like GeMTC that incorporate general purpose GPU hardware to improve the concurrency of executing tasks. This work attempts to support MTC workloads on the Intel Xeon Phi accelerators. Our plan is to develop two frameworks that will achieve that goal. One based on OpenMP and the other one based on Intel's Symmetric Communication Interface (SCIF) provided for Many-Integrated Core (MIC) accelerators like the Xeon Phi. Both frameworks aim to provide the same interface as GeMTC, leveraging the integration efforts with the Swift parallel programming system. Our end-goal is to present how programming many-core computing processors can be made easier and more productive using OpenMP or SCIF, and enable the execution of MTC workloads hybrid accelerator-based systems.
VCAM-1 Activation of Endothelial Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B

Lymphocytes migrate from the blood into tissue by binding to and migrating across endothelial cells. One of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules that mediate lymphocyte binding is VCAM-1. We have reported that binding to VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell NADPH oxidase for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS oxidize and stimulate an increase in protein kinase C (PKC)alpha activity. Furthermore, these signals are required for VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration. In this report, we identify a role for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the VCAM-1 signaling pathway. In primary cultures of endothelial cells and endothelial cell lines, Ab cross-linking of VCAM-1 stimulated an increase in serine phosphorylation of PTP1B, the active form of PTP1B. Ab cross-linking of VCAM-1 also increased activity of PTP1B. This activation of PTP1B was downstream of NADPH oxidase and PKCalpha in the VCAM-1 signaling pathway as determined with pharmacological inhibitors and antisense approaches. In addition, during VCAM-1 signaling, ROS did not oxidize endothelial cell PTP1B. Instead PTP1B was activated by serine phosphorylation. Importantly, inhibition of PTP1B activity blocked VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration across endothelial cells. In summary, VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell NADPH oxidase to generate ROS, resulting in oxidative activation of PKCalpha and then serine phosphorylation of PTP1B. This PTP1B activity is necessary for VCAM-1-dependent transendothelial lymphocyte migration. These data show, for the first time, a function for PTP1B in VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration.
Purification and characterization of DOPA-decarboxylase from adult gravid Aedes aegypti.

Abstract DOPA-decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1. 26) has been purified 292 fold from gravid Aedes aegypti adult females. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis both showed the final preparation to be homogenous. The molecular weight of the enzyme determined by gel filtration chromatography was 112,000. It has a K m towards L-DOPA of 2.4 × 10 −4 M and was not stimulated by ferric or ferrous ions. Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate appears to be bound to the pure enzyme, since only a 25% stimulation is seen when the co-factor is added to assay mixtures. N- Acetyldopamine acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. Overall, the properties of this DOPA-decarboxylase obtained from the adult mosquito did not differ remarkably from the pre-adult DOPA-decarboxylases of Calliphora vicina, Sarcophaga bullata and Drosophila melanogaster .
The Historian and Southern Negro Slavery

A SURVEY of the literature dealing with southern Negro slavery reveals one fundamental problem that still remains unresolved. This is the problem of the biased historian. It is, of course, a universal historical problem-one that is not likely to be resolved as long as historians themselves are divided into scientific and so-called "subjectivist-presentist-relativist" schools.' These schools seem to agree that historians ought to strive for a maximum of intellectual detachment and ought not to engage in special pleading and pamphleteering. But whether they are entitled to pass moral judgments, whether they can overcome the subjective influences of their own backgrounds and environments, are still debatable questions-at least they are questions which are still being debated. Yet it must be said that so far as Negro slavery is concerned we are still waiting for the first scientific and completely objective study of the institution which is based upon no assumptions whose validity cannot be thoroughly proved. And as long as historians must select their evidence from a great mass of sources, as long as they attempt to organize and interpret their findings, the prospects are not very encouraging. This does not mean that everyone who has written about slavery has had the same bias, or that some have not been more flagrantly biased than others, or more skillful than others in the use of the subtle innuendo. It most certainly does not imply that further efforts toward a clearer understanding of slavery are futile, or that we are not enormously indebted to the many scholars who have already engaged in research in this field. No student could begin to understand the complexities of the slave system without being thoroughly familiar with the findings and varying points of view of such historians as Ulrich B. Phillips, Herbert Aptheker, Lewis C. Gray, John Hope Franklin, Avery Craven, Carter G. Woodson, Frederic Bancroft, Charles S. Sydnor, John Spencer Bassett, and many others. Among these scholars, the late Professor Phillips has unquestionably made the largest single contribution to our present understanding of southern slavery. It may be that his most durable monument will be the vast amount of new source material which he uncovered. But Phillips was also an unusually able and prolific writer. Measured only crudely in terms of sheer
Thirty‐Five Years of Continuous Discharge of Secondary Treated Effluent onto Sand Bedsa

The Lake George Village sewage treatment plant has been discharging trickling filter effluent onto natural delta sand beds for a period of 35 years. The applied sewage apparently appears near the banks of West Brook approximately 600 m (2000 ft) from the lower sand beds. Wells have been placed between the recharge beds and the appearance of the seepage at West Brook. The quality of the water in the wells has been evaluated over the period of slightly over one year. The ground water appears to be aerobic at all times indicating that the oxygen demand of the applied effluent has been adequately reduced before it reaches the ground water. This should afford adequate and proper tertiary treatment for the applied effluent. The phosphorus concentration was significantly reduced at the first well downstream (ground water) approximately 150 m (500 ft) from the sand beds. The phosphorus in well 2 approximately 600 m (2000 ft) from the lower sand beds reached a high value of 150 μg/l during the late fall but was less than 100 μg/l during the rest of the year. Some of the nitrogen in the applied effluent was apparently oxidized to nitrate which was very little removed by the sand system. The highest nitrate concentration found was 14 mg N/l in well 3C during the Spring, whereas well 3A had almost consistently the lowest concentration of nitrate.
Neuronal progenitor cells derived from the anterior subventricular zone of the neonatal rat forebrain continue to proliferate in vitro and express a neuronal phenotype

A discrete area of the anterior part of the subventricular zone, or SVZa, of the postnatal forebrain is composed of progenitor cells that are dissimilar to those elsewhere in the CNS. In vivo SVZa progenitor cells retain the ability for division, even though they are phenotypically neurons. To characterize further the properties of SVZa cells, we have analyzed their characteristics in vitro using cell-type specific antibodies and their proliferative capacity by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. At 2 h in vitro, as well as after 1 day in vitro, virtually all SVZa cells isolated from the neonatal forebrain express TuJ1, an antibody that recognizes neuron-specific tubulin, and are GFAP-negative. Likewise, the preponderance of SVZa cells express the neuron-specific markers N-CAM and MAP-2 when examined after 1 day in culture. The majority of SVZa cells cultured for as long as 8 days also possessed a neuronal phenotype. In addition, process-bearing TuJ1-positive SVZa cells continued to proliferate throughout the entire culture period. Thus, the neuronal progenitor cells of the SVZa constitute a unique cell population with characteristics distinct from the cells of other germinal zones.
Chemoradiotherapy before and after surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer: a SEER-Medicare analysis.

Purpose The optimal combination and timing of therapy for esophageal cancer remains controversial. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare registry was used to assess neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy.
Compositional modeling and refinement for hierarchical hybrid systems

Abstract In this paper, we develop a theory of modular design and refinement of hierarchical hybrid systems. In particular, we present compositional trace-based semantics for the language C haron that allows modular specification of interacting hybrid systems. For hierarchical description of the system architecture, C haron supports building complex agents via the operations of instantiation, hiding, and parallel composition. For hierarchical description of the behavior of atomic components, C haron supports building complex modes via the operations of instantiation, scoping, and encapsulation. We develop an observational trace semantics for agents as well as for modes, and define a notion of refinement for both, based on trace inclusion. We show this semantics to be compositional with respect to the constructs in the language.
The effectiveness of an enrichment program for disadvantaged young children.

Using a special semi-structured instrument, The Locus of Control Interview, the authors attempted to assess changes in feelings of powerlessness and helplessness—and their relation to cognitive changes—among first grade students in a Follow Through program. Results suggest that the pessimism often surrounding enrichment programs may be unwarranted, and that youth and inexperience may be positive attributes in teachers of disadvantaged children.
Wireless magnetoelastic biosensors for the detection of Salmonella on fresh produce

This paper investigates the use of wireless magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors for the direct detection of Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh produce (tomatoes, spinach leaves and shell eggs). The ME biosensor consists of an ME resonator as the sensor platform and E2 phage as the bio-recognition element. The E2 phage is genetically engineered to specifically bind with S. Typhimurium. The ME biosensor, a wireless sensor, is actuated into resonance by an externally applied magnetic field. When the biosensor binds with Salmonella cells, the mass of the resonator increases, resulting in a decrease in the sensor's resonant frequency. Multiple sensors can be wirelessly and remotely monitored. Multiple measurement and control sensors were placed on fresh produce that was spiked with S. Typhimurium solutions of different known concentrations (5 × 101 to 5 × 108 CFU/ml (colony-forming unit/ml)). The resonant frequency of the sensors before and after the exposure to the spiked fresh produce was measured. The resonant frequency change of the measurement sensors was significantly different from the control sensors, indicating Salmonella contamination. Despite the different surface topographies of the fresh produce, similar ME biosensor measurement results were obtained for the three fresh produces. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm binding of the Salmonella to the biosensor surface and the resulting resonant frequency changes.
Longevity of patients with cystic fibrosis in 2000 to 2010 and beyond: survival analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation patient registry.

Background Advances in treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) continue to extend survival. An updated estimate of survival is needed for better prognostication and to anticipate evolving adult care needs.
Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular events in survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the bone marrow transplantation survivor study

We ascertained the prevalence of self-reported late occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular (CV) disease in 1089 hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors who underwent HCT between 1974 and 1998, survived at least 2 years, and were not currently taking immunosuppressant agents and compared them with 383 sibling controls. All subjects completed a 255-item health questionnaire. The mean age at survey completion was 39.3 years for survivors and 38.6 years for siblings; mean follow-up was 8.6 years. Adjusting for age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI), survivors of allogeneic HCT were 3.65 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-7.32) more likely to report diabetes than siblings and 2.06 times (95% CI, 1.39-3.04) more likely to report hypertension compared with siblings but did not report other CV outcomes with any greater frequency. Recipients of autologous HCTs were no more likely than siblings to report any of the outcomes studied. Allogeneic HCT survivors were also more likely to develop hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.45-3.67) than autologous recipients. Total body irradiation (TBI) exposure was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.55-7.52). Thus, HCT survivors have a higher age- and BMI-adjusted risk of diabetes and hypertension, potentially leading to a higher than expected risk of CV events with age.
Parenting Stress as a Predictor of Age Upon Admission to a Child Psychiatric Inpatient Facility

The current study examined child symptoms and parenting stress as predictors of children's age upon admission to a psychiatric inpatient facility. The children (N = 252) ranged from 6 to 12 years of age; most were male (71%) and over half were African American (59%). Externalizing behavior symptoms were associated with a younger age upon admission and internalizing behavior symptoms were associated with an older age. Parental social isolation was associated with a younger child's age upon admission, whereas difficulty with parental attachment was associated with an older age.
Abstract P1-14-02: Reversing endocrine resistance: A pilot study of estradiol followed by exemestane

Introduction: Anti-estrogen therapy is highly effective in treating hormone receptor positive breast cancer in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. However, endocrine resistance frequently develops and strategies to reverse resistance are a high research priority. Pre-clinical data suggest exposure to physiologic or supra-physiologic doses of estrogen induce tumor regression in tamoxifen resistant tumors. Alternating treatment between estrogens and anti-estrogens has also been effective at delaying the development of endocrine resistance in these models. To further test this strategy, we initiated a pilot study of estradiol (E) for reversing endocrine resistance in patients with estrogen receptor (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had failed prior aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. Methods: Postmenopausal women with ER+ MBC who had failed at least 1 prior endocrine therapy (including an AI), were eligible for the study. Patients were treated with daily E that was titrated up from 2mg to 6mg/day over the first week of treatment to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Patients who had not progressed after 3 months of E were switched to exemestane (Ex) to determine if short term E exposure would reverse endocrine resistance and re-sensitize tumors to estrogen deprivation (AI) therapy. The primary objective of the study was the feasibility and toxicity associated with short-term E followed by Ex therapy. Results: 15 patients were screened for enrollment. One patient was ineligible and another patient withdrew from study, leaving a total of 13 patients who were treated with E at 6mg daily. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and response at the end of the 3 month E phase. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities observed during the entire study (E and Ex phases). At the end of the E phase, 6 patients (46%) had not progressed (3PR, 3SD) and subsequently were switched to Ex. On Ex, 5 progressed and 1 had SD as their best response. Median PFS for all patients was 4.8 months (0.6 – 9.5 months). After progression on Ex, 4 patients were re-exposed to E and 2 had clinical benefit over 6 and 12 months, respectively. Conclusion: Alternating estrogen with anti-estrogens was not effective at reversing hormone resistance. However, low dose E treatment had significant clinical activity with minimal toxicity and should be considered as a therapeutic option for hormone refractory MBC (Table 1). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-14-02.
Nutrition and Prostate Cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between nutrition and prostate cancer is reviewed. Little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer, despite its prominence as the leading cancer among men in the United States. Rational mechanisms for dietary influences on prostate carcinogenesis, including effects on production or metabolism of androgenic hormones, have been proposed, but because few suitable animal models have been developed, the laboratory literature on diet and prostate cancer is sparse. Despite strong ecologic data and largely consistent case-control and cohort data on dietary fat and prostate cancer, the role of this nutrient remains unclear. Few studies, to date, have adjusted the results for caloric intake, and no particular fat component has been consistently implicated. A notable finding is a strong positive association with intake of animal products, especially red meats, but this in itself does not specifically implicate fat. Epidemiologic investigations on vitamin A and carotenoids are divided almost equally between studies showing postive and inverse associations. The evidence from these studies for a protective effect of fruits and vegetables on prostate cancer, unlike many other cancer sites, is not convincing. The data on other dietary components that have been examined with regard to prostate cancer etiology (cadmium, zinc, vitamins C and D, beverages, and legumes) are too incomplete at this time to draw any inferences as to their importance. The evidence for anthropometric associations with prostate cancer is weak. Whereas a clear association with obesity has not been shown, a positive relationship to muscle mass, though not yet established conclusively, further suggests the importance of androgens in this cancer.
Modeling the densification of metal matrix composite monotape

We present a first model that enables prediction of the density (and its time evolution) of a monotape lay-up subjected to a hot isostatic or vacuum hot pressing consolidation cycle. Our approach is to break down the complicated (and probabilistic) consolidation problem into simple, analyzable parts and to combine them in a way that correctly represents the statistical aspects of the problem, the change in the problem's interior geometry, and the evolving contributions of the different deformation mechanisms. The model gives two types of output. One is in the form of maps showing the relative density dependence upon pressure, temperature, and time for step function temperature and pressure cycles. They are useful for quickly determining the best place to begin developing an optimized process. The second gives the evolution of density over time for any (arbitrary) applied temperature and pressure cycle. This has promise for refining process cycles and possibly for process control. Examples of the models application are given for Ti3Al + Nb, gamma TiAl, Ti6Al4V, and pure aluminum.
Balancer-Cre transgenic mouse germ cells direct the incomplete resolution of a tri-loxP-targeted Cyp1a1 allele, producing a conditional knockout allele

Abstract To generate conditional alleles, genes are commonly engineered to contain recognition sites for bacteriophage recombinases, such as Cre recombinase. When such motifs ( lox sites) flank essential gene sequences, and provided that Cre recombinase is expressed, Cre recombinase will excise the flanked sequence—creating a conditional knockout allele. Targeted conditional alleles contain a minimum of three lox sites. It would be desirable to have Cre recombinase perform partial resolution (i.e., recombination some of the time between only the two lox sites flanking the marker gene). Here we report use of the commercially available Balancer2-Cre transgenic mouse line to carry out this function from a tri- loxP -site-containing cytochrome P450 1A1 ( Cyp1a1 ) targeted allele. Such incomplete resolution of this complex locus occurred progressively with age in germ cells of male mice; the conditional Cyp1a1 gene was recovered in offspring from mice containing the targeted Cyp1a1 allele and the Cre recombinase transgene. Removal of the marker gene resulted in a conditional Cyp1a1 allele whose expression was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type allele.
Comments on chiral-symmetry sum rules without an A 1

Recent experimental evidence implies that there is no A$sub 1$ resonance. Some consequences of this for the interpretation of chiral symmetry are examined in terms of sum rules and their contribution from low-mass vector or axial-vector states. (AIP)
Sucrose metabolism and fruit growth in parthenocarpic vs seeded blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruits

Although fruit set and development are induced by applications of gibberellins, final fruit weight of gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit is often less than that of pollinated fruit. We examined changes in the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes and sugar accumulation in developing fruits of cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and their correlation with fruit growth upon pollination or exogenous applications of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). The objective was to determine if differences in fruit growth could be attributed to differences in enzyme activities and subsequent sugar accumulation in fruits. The fruit development period of GA 3 -treated fruits was 15 days longer than that of pollinated fruits. At maturity, GA 3 -treated fruit accumulated an average of 180 mg dry weight while pollinated fruit accumulated 390 mg dry weight. Dry weight accumulation in nonpollinated fruits was negligible and these fruits abscised by 45 days after bloom (DAB). The total carbon (C) cost (dry weight C + respiratory C) for fruit development was 109 and 244 mg C fruit -1 for GA 3 -treated and pollinated fruits, respectively. Hexose concentration increased to 100 mg (g fresh weight) -1 at ripening in both GA 3 -treated and pollinated fruits. Nonpollinated fruits reached a maximum hexose concentration at 45 DAB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activities reached a maximum of <5.0 μmol (g fresh weight) -1 h -1 in both GA 3 -treated and pollinated fruits. Soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity increased to about 60 μmol (g fresh weight) -1 h -1 in both GA 3 -treated and pollinated fruits at ripening, while in nonpollinated fruits, a maximum soluble acid invertase activity of 0.12 μmol (g fresh weight) -1 h -1 was measured at 24 DAB. Insoluble acid invertase activity declined during the early stages of fruit growth and remained relatively low throughout fruit development. Neutral invertase activity was low throughout development, increasing to 5 μmol (g fresh weight) -1 h -1 at ripening in GA 3 -treated and pollinated fruits. Our studies demonstrate that blueberry fruit development does not appear to be limited by sucrose metabolizing enzyme activity and/or the ability to accumulate sugars in either GA 3 -treated or pollinated fruits.
Measurement of the Electron-Neutron Interaction by the Asymmetrical Scattering of Thermal Neutrons by Noble Gases

The electron-neutron interaction has been obtained from measurements of thermal neutron scattering by argon, krypton, and xenon. In terms of the slope of the electric structure factor of the neutron at zero momentum transfer, the values obtained were 0.0196\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0013 ${\mathrm{F}}^{2}$ from Ar, 0.0197\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0007 ${\mathrm{F}}^{2}$ from Kr, and 0.0190\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 ${\mathrm{F}}^{2}$ from Xe. The final result is 0.0193\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004 ${\mathrm{F}}^{2}$, which corresponds to an electron-neutron scattering length of -1.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ cm and an effective potential of -3720\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90 eV. During the course of the experiment, the neutron-absorption cross sections of krypton and xenon (at 2200 m/sec) were measured by transmission and found to be 25.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 b and 25.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 b, respectively. Also, some free-atom thermal-neutron scattering cross sections were measured. The results were 2.415\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010 b for neon, 0.647\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 b for argon, 7.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 b for krypton, 4.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 b for xenon, 73.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 b for $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, 1.705\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009 b for $^{22}\mathrm{Ne}$, and 5.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 b for $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$.
Prenatal exposure to vapors of gasoline-ethanol blends causes few cognitive deficits in adult rats.

Abstract Developmental exposure to inhaled ethanol–gasoline fuel blends is a potential public health concern. Here we assessed cognitive functions in adult offspring of pregnant rats that were exposed to vapors of gasoline blended with a range of ethanol concentrations, including gasoline alone (E0) and gasoline with 15% or 85% ethanol (E15 and E85, respectively). Rat dams were exposed for 6.5 h daily to the vapors at concentrations of 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000 ppm in inhalation chambers from gestational day (GD) 9 through 20. Cage controls (offspring of non-exposed dams that remained in the animal facility during these exposures) were also assessed in the E0 experiment, but showed no consistent differences from the offspring of air-exposed controls. Offspring were tested as adults with trace fear conditioning, Morris water maze, or appetitive operant responding. With fear conditioning, no significant effects were observed on cue or context learning. In the water maze, there were no differences in place learning or escaping to a visible platform. However, during the reference memory probe (no platform) male rats exposed prenatally to E85 vapor (6000 and 9000 ppm) failed to show a bias for the target quadrant. Across studies, females (treated and some controls) were less consistent in this measure. Males showed no differences during match-to-place learning (platform moved each day) in any experiment and females showed only transient differences in latency and path length in the E0 experiment. Similarly, no differences were observed in delayed match-to-sample operant performance of E0 males or females; thus this test was not used to evaluate effects of E15 or E85 vapors. During choice reaction time assessments (only males were tested) decision and movement times were unimpaired by any prenatal exposure, while anticipatory responses were increased by vapors of E0 (9000 ppm) and E15 (6000 and 9000 ppm), and the latter group also showed reduced accuracy. E85 vapors did not disrupt any choice reaction time measure. Finally, no response inhibition deficit was observed in a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) response schedule in males or females in the E15 or E85 experiments. In summary, prenatal exposure to these fuel blends produced few deficits in adult offspring on these cognitive tests. Significant effects found during a water maze probe trial and choice reaction time tests were observed at vapor concentrations of 6000 ppm or higher, a concentration that is 4–6 orders of magnitude higher than those associated with normal automotive fueling operations and garages. Similar effects were not consistently observed in a previous study of inhaled ethanol, and thus these effects cannot be attributed to the concentration of ethanol in the mixture.
RX GEMINORUM: PHOTOMETRIC SOLUTIONS, (NEARLY UNIFORM) GAINER ROTATION, DONOR RADIAL VELOCITY SOLUTION, NON-LTE ACCRETION DISK MODELS OF Hα EMISSION PROFILES, AND SECULAR LIGHT CURVE CHANGES IN THE 20TH CENTURY

We obtained full-orbit Iybvu intermediate-band photometry and CCD spectroscopy of the long-period Algol eclipsing binary RX Geminorum. Photometric solutions using the Wilson–Devinney code give a gainer rotation (hotter, mass-accreting component) about 15 times the synchronous rate. We describe a simple technique to detect departures from uniform rotation of the hotter component. These binaries radiate double-peaked Hα emission from a low-mass accretion disk around the gainer. We used an approximate non-LTE disk code to predict models in fair agreement with observations, except in the far wings of the emission profile, where the star–inner disk boundary layer emits extra radiation. Variations in Hα emission derive from modulations in the transfer rate. A study of times of minima during the 20th century suggests that a perturbing third body is present near RX Gem.
A temperature-programmed desorption/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of ditertiarybutylarsine on GaAs(100)

Abstract The adsorption of ditertiarybutylarsine [(t-Bu)2AsH] on GaAs(100) was studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In TPD, following adsorption at 120 K, three (t-Bu)2AsH desorption peaks were observed. They are assigned to physically adsorbed (t-Bu)2AsH and two chemically adsorbed states of (t-Bu)2AsH. The highest temperature peak was observed to shift from 415 to 375 K with increasing coverage. Following saturation of this peak, a second desorption peak was observed at 230 K. Finally, the TPD peak for a physically adsorbed multilayer was observed at 170 K. No evidence for a β-hydride elimination reaction of t-butyl ligands to isobutene or irreversible decomposition of (t-Bu)2AsH was observed. XPS data for both C and As can be deconvoluted to show two separate peaks, one attributed to physisorbed and the other to associatively chemisorbed (t-Bu)2AsH.