cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of scaphoid nonunion with iliac crest bone graft and K-wire fixation

Scaphoid nonunion can occur in both non-operative and operatively treated scaphoid fractures. Without treatment, this can lead to a predictable pattern of carpal collapse and degenerative arthritic change and patients can experience both pain and functional loss in the early and late phases of progression. An operative technique with a high success rate for union is important. This paper describes a technique for treatment of scaphoid nonunion with K-wire fixation and iliac crest cancellous bone graft. A retrospective review from 1996 to 2010 was performed on a single senior surgeon’s private university-based practice. Patient demographic information and fracture characteristics were obtained to evaluate for influence on success and time to union. There were 32 patients identified for inclusion in this study. Union was achieved in 100% of the patients, including 44% that had proximal pole fractures. The median time from injury to surgery was 41.86 weeks. The median time from surgery to healing was 17.93 weeks. Time to union was not affected by patient age, fracture location, smoking, alcohol use, or time to treatment. K-wire fixation and ICBG for treatment of scaphoid nonunion using our technique have equal or superior union rates compared to other techniques in the literature. This paper highlights the keys to success using this method. Therapeutic Level IV.
Movement patterns of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in a tidal coastal embayment in New England

Abstract Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are important in commercial and recreational fisheries along the western Atlantic coastline. Although there is a good understanding of their seasonal migration patterns, less is known about the short-term movements of striped bass once they have reached New England coastal embayments during the summer months. Movement patterns were assessed by tagging 35 striped bass (38.5–80.5 cm TL) with acoustic transmitters and tracking them within a fixed array (n = 34 receivers) in Plymouth, Kingston, Duxbury (PKD) Bay, MA. The majority of tagged striped bass took up residency within PKD Bay for the summer months. Large juvenile through sub-adult (21–46 cm) and adult bass (>46 cm) remained residents of PKD Bay for periods of 6–75 days and appear to use the estuary as a vital summer foraging area before emigrating from the bay for their southward migration. Changes in activity space estimates were significant over the course of the season and increased with water temperature. There was a general increase of activity space preceding emigration where presence of striped bass was significantly related to water temperature and photoperiod. Various environmental factors influence striped bass movement, and it is important to understand individual patterns and behavioral ecology to make the most educated management decisions.
E-015 Extra-Femoral Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of extra-femoral endovascular access for mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients whose vascular anatomy precludes safe or maneuverable trans-femoral access. Methods We present a case series of seven patients treated by four separate neurointerventionalists utilizing either trans-radial or trans-cervical carotid access for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. All cases, except for one, were performed at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx NY. Results All seven patients presented with AIS symptoms and initial NCCT revealed no contraindications to proceeding for mechanical thrombectomy. Patients ranged from 25 to 88 years of age. There were two cases of basilar artery occlusion, two right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions, two left MCA occlusions and one patient with a left carotid terminus occlusion. Femoral access was attempted in all but two patients, and sheath placement was successful in these five cases. In two of these five cases however, femoral catheterization was aborted after sheath placement due to identification of impassable femoral or aortic vascular anatomy; a prior fem-fem bypass in one and bilateral common femoral artery occlusions in another. The most common reason for aborting femoral access for thrombectomy was vessel tortuosity impeding catheterization of intracranial segments of either anterior or posterior circulation vessels. Four patients were treated via radial artery access and three patients were treated via cervical carotid access. Recanalization was achieved in six out of the seven patients. In five of the patients a TICI 2 B/3 recanalization score was achieved, and in one patient a TICI 2 A. There were no immediate procedure related complications observed. Two patients progressed to hemorrhagic conversion of their prior infarcts. No new acute infarcts were noted in any patient. Two patients expired several days post-thrombectomy due to cardiopulmonary arrest unrelated to intervention. Conclusions While trans-femoral access remains the mainstay for endovascular treatment of AIS, risk of vascular injury and delay of recanalization should alert the interventionalist to consider extra-femoral approaches. This case series demonstrates the safety and success possible with trans-radial or trans-cervical carotid catheterization in the setting of mechanical thrombectomy for AIS. With these findings, we feel strongly that further standardization of these techniques, guidelines for the need of extra-femoral access prospectively, and development of devices tailored for trans-radial and trans-cervical carotid approaches are indispensable to see significant advancements in the field of interventional stroke treatment. Disclosures N. Haranhalli: None. D. Altschul: None. D. Pasquale: None.
Epistemic Practices of Engineering for Education.

Engineering offers new educational opportunities for students, yet also poses challenges about how to conceptualize the disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and science and engineering practices of the disciplinary fields of engineering. In this paper, we draw from empirical studies of engineering in professional and school settings to propose a set of epistemic practices of engineering that can inform curriculum development, teacher education, and research in science and engineering education. We examine the ways that these practices emerge from the work of engineering and serve to guide problem solving across a range of engineering fields. The proposed epistemic practices for education take into consideration social contexts of engineering, the salience of evidence for decision making, the types of tools and strategies used to construct knowledge, and need for creativity and innovation. The article concludes with suggestions for research in engineering education.
The Impact of 2013 Updated ASCO/CAP HER2 Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Study of 1739 Cases.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of revised ASCO/CAP 2013 HER2 guidelines on the clinical practice of pathologists and oncologists. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 1739 patients with invasive breast carcinoma who underwent reflex HER2 (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]) testing, using both 2007 and 2013 guidelines (2007-2014). Results Using 2013 guidelines, 255 (15%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13%-16%) cases were classified as HER2 + as opposed to 186 (11%; 95% CI, 9%-12%) by 2007 guidelines (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8; P = .0005). Sixty-nine cases equivocal by 2007 guidelines (12% of all equivocal cases) were converted to HER2 + by 2013 guidelines. Sixty-two of these 69 cases shifted from HER2 equivocal to positive due to change in FISH ratio cutoff from 2.2 to 2.0. Six cases had FISH ratio Conclusions The 2013 guidelines increase the detection of HER2 + cases, without introducing significant difference in discordance rate of the IHC and FISH assays. Inclusion of HER2 copy number criterion does not increase the number of FISH equivocal cases in our cohort. We recommend IHC 1+ cases should be offered reflex FISH testing because failure to test them will miss a small number (5%) of potentially treatable cases.
Concomitant Cardiac Surgery During VAD Placement: When Is It Too Much?

The aging of the global population has ushered in a new medical era where management of chronic degenerative diseases is becoming increasingly important. The growing global pandemic of heart failure is one component of that problem and remains, in the USA, as one of the most expensive to treat. To date, the treatments for terminal stages of heart failure are comfort care, cardiac transplantation, and support using ventricular assist devices. The overall impact of cardiac transplantation on the epidemiology of heart failure is “trivial” [1]. This shortcoming has placed greater emphasis on the use of mechanical devices to sustain patients. Initially, devices were used to support patients awaiting heart transplantation, but the ever-present shortage and the growing population prompted their use as permanent devices or “destination therapy.” In the 1980s, survival on a device for days was considered to be exemplary. In the 1990s, weeks of survival were an improvement, and in the 2000 era, a survival of months was considered to be unique.
Fermented Dairy Products and Health

Humans around the globe have ingested fermented milk products (FMP) for nutrition and good health for a very long time. Since 1966, FMP consumption has been chronicled, by the International Dairy Federation (IDF). During the last 10 years, the global annual per capita consumption of FMP has increased according to the 29 participating members (IDF, 1989) (Table 1). In the US during the last 18 years, the per capita sales of yoghurt have increased steeply from 0.6 kg to 1.9 kg while the per capita sales of buttermilk have declined from 2.4 kg to F8 kg (Fig. 1). More recently, however, per capita sales of yoghurt declined by 8.7% and of buttermilk by 4.9% between 1988 and 1989. Nevertheless, the overall consumption of FMP has expanded over the last decade. Yoghurt consumption has escalated significantly, presumably because of its perceived health benefits. The processing technology has undergone considerable modifications as consumers are demanding a variety of yoghurts. Further, yoghurt with a characteristic sour taste has been transformed into a wholesome and natural food with the addition of sweeteners and fruit preparations. Additionally, in some parts of the world yoghurt is being pasteurised to enhance its shelf-life with concomitant destruction of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
Establishing and Controlling Analytical Curves

The accuracy of many analytical methods is determined to a large extent by the accuracy and day-to-day reliability of an analytical curve.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Analysis of treatment and outcome

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurred on 44 separate occasions in 43 patients during a five year period, including 27 culture positive and 17 probable cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Alcoholic liver disease was the underlying cause of 72% of cases. Of the 27 culture positive cases, Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (14 cases), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (three cases), group G streptococci (three cases), group B streptococci (two cases) and one case each of five other organisms. Bacteremia occurred in 50% of cases and was the same as the peritoneal isolate 88% of the time. The overall mortality rate was 65% (66% culture positive and 60% probable spontaneous bacterial peritonitis). The mean interval between onset of symptoms and death was 10.2±8.6 days in fatal cases. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was felt to be a contributing cause of mortality in 70% of fatal cases. Survivors were younger (44±20 years versus 59±13, P<0.05) and less likely to develop renal insufficiency than nonsurvivors (38% versus 73%, P<0.05). Patients who were treated with an aminoglycoside were more likely to develop renal failure compared to those treated with nonaminoglycoside regimens (P<0.05). There was no difference in mortality rate between culture positive and culture negative spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, total peritoneal leukocyte counts, Gram-positive versus Gram-negative organisms, presence of bacteremia, or serum albumin or bilirubin levels. The mortality rate for this disease remains unacceptably high, indicating a need for the development of new strategies in the prevention, diagnosis and management of this disease.
Pioneers in Social Work Practice with the Addictions: An Interview With Dr. Frances Brisbane

Lewis:Dr. Brisbane, would you talk about your education and what led you to focus on substance abuse education? Brisbane:My early education was in Tampa, FL. I think when I was a child I saw so muc...
Efficient Online Hyperparameter Learning for Traffic Flow Prediction

Compute efficiency is an important consideration for traffic flow prediction models. Machine learning algorithms adjust model parameters automatically based on the data, but often require users to set additional parameters, known as hyperparameters. Hyperparameters can significantly impact prediction accuracy. Traffic measurements, typically collected online by sensors, are serially correlated. Moreover, the data distribution may change gradually. A typical adaptation strategy is periodically re-tuning the model hyperparameters, at the cost of computational burden. In this work, we present an efficient and principled online hyperparameter learning algorithm for kernel-based traffic prediction models. In tests with real traffic measurement data, our approach requires as little as one-seventh of the computation time of other tuning methods, while achieving better or similar prediction accuracy.
Cardiac biomarkers of disordered eating: A case for decreased mean R wave amplitude.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify cardiac biomarkers of disordered eating. Mean R wave amplitude (mV), mean T wave amplitude (mV), QRS interval (sec), QTc interval (sec), and Tpeak-Tend interval (sec) were assessed via electrocardiography among women with clinical (n = 53) and subclinical (n = 56) eating disorder symptoms versus asymptomatic controls (n = 32). QRS and QTc intervals were significantly longer and mean T and R wave amplitudes significantly lower among women with clinical symptoms compared to asymptomatic controls. QTc interval length was significantly longer and mean R wave amplitude was significantly lower among women with subclinical symptoms versus asymptomatic controls. Decreased mean R wave amplitude yielded a comparable effect size as QTc when differentiating between asymptomatic and subclinical groups and a larger effect size than QTc when differentiating between asymptomatic and clinical groups, representing a promising clinical biomarker.
Electoral Competition and Social Spending in the Argentine Provinces

What is the effect of political competition on subnational social spending? Using descriptive statistics and regression models for original budget panel data for the 24 Argentine provinces between 1993 and 2009, the study finds that social spending increases the more secure governors are electorally and the longer they have been in office. It also finds that other arguments in the literature are relevant in explaining variations on types of spending, such as partisan fragmentation in the districts. The article discusses these findings for the Argentine provinces and explores their implications with regard to the debates on the effects of electoral competition and the design of social policies, especially in developing countries and federal democracies.
Timbre Analysis of the Sonicguide.

The Sonicguide, an ultra-sonic binaural device mounted in a spectacle frame, is used as a secondary mobility aid. Since categorizing signals by timbre may improve training methods and clarify the c...
The oviparous olm: Analysis & refutation of claims for viviparity in the cave salamander Proteus anguinus (Amphibia: Proteidae)

Abstract Accounts in the zoological literature commonly state that the European cave-dwelling “olm,” Proteus anguinus, can reproduce “facultatively” -- switching between oviparity and viviparity according to environmental circumstances. This paper evaluates the widespread allegations of viviparity in this salamander species, tracing their origins to ambiguous reports from more than a century ago. The sole basis for detailed claims for “facultative viviparity” lies with an unreliable (and potentially fraudulent) report that fails to meet minimal scientific standards. The means by which these claims have prevailed and spread reveals the risks of uncritical acceptance of uncorroborated, unreferenced assertions as “common knowledge.” In the absence of trustworthy evidence to the contrary, P. anguinus should be considered as entirely oviparous like its North American confamilials. Given recent demonstration of oviparity in a putatively live-bearing Hydromantes, definitive evidence of viviparity in urodeles is restricted to a single clade of the family Salamandridae.
CleanupSpec: An "Undo" Approach to Safe Speculation

Speculation-based attacks affect hundreds of millions of computers. These attacks typically exploit caches to leak information, using speculative instructions to cause changes to the cache state. Hardware-based solutions that protect against such forms of attacks try to prevent any speculative changes to the cache sub-system by delaying them. For example, InvisiSpec, a recent work, splits the load into two operations: the first operation is speculative and obtains the value and the second operation is non-speculative and changes the state of the cache. Unfortunately, such a "Redo" based approach typically incurs slowdown due to the requirement of extra operations for correctly speculated loads, that form the large majority of loads. In this work, we propose CleanupSpec, an "Undo"-based approach to safe speculation. CleanupSpec is a hardware-based solution that mitigates these attacks by undoing the changes to the cache sub-system caused by speculative instructions, in the event they are squashed on a mis-speculation. As a result, CleanupSpec prevents information leakage on the correct path of execution due to any mis-speculated load and is secure against speculation-based attacks exploiting caches (we demonstrate a proof-of-concept defense on Spectre Variant-1 PoC). Unlike a Redo-based approach which incurs overheads for correct-path loads, CleanupSpec incurs overheads only for the wrong-path loads that are less frequent. As a result, CleanupSpec only incurs an average slowdown of 5.1% compared to a non-secure baseline. Moreover, CleanupSpec incurs a modest storage overhead of less than 1 kilobyte per core, for tracking and undoing the speculative changes to the caches.
Performing Critical Pedagogy in a Politicized Public Sphere

Here, I outline a performative approach to the politicized public sphere specifically drawing on Moises Kaufman’s Laramie Project,1 Saldana’s call for a critical ethnotheatre that engages key momen...
Risk factors associated with delayed methotrexate clearance and increased toxicity in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX; 12 g/m2 ) is part of standard therapy for pediatric osteosarcoma (OS). Risk factors associated with MTX toxicity in children with OS are not well defined. We investigated the association between peak MTX levels (four-hour) and delayed MTX clearance or treatment toxicity. Information was retrieved from electronic medical records of 33 OS patients treated with HD-MTX at Texas Children's Hospital from 2008 to 2015. We found that the four-hour MTX level did not contribute to toxicity or delayed MTX clearance. We demonstrated that certain demographic characteristics are associated with delayed clearance and increased toxicity.
Large Single Crystals of V1–xMoxO2 from a Two-Step Chemical Vapor Transport Synthesis

Single crystals of molybdenum doped VO2 with the formula V1–xMoxO2 have been successfully synthesized with molybdenum compositions up to x = 0.60. These crystals were obtained using a novel, two-st...
Utility of Biomarkers in Cardiac Amyloidosis

Highlights •Biomarkers can be used for patients with light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis for staging and prognosis. •Biomarkers can be used for patients with light chain amyloidosis to determine disease progression and response to therapies. •The role of biomarkers to determine disease progression and response to therapies in patient with transthyretin amyloidosis is an active area of investigation.
Gene Transfer as a General Approach to Facilitate the Recombinant DNA Cloning of Surface Antigen Genes

Flow cytometry and the use of monoclonal antibodies have contributed significantly to a number of somatic cell genetic methodologies involving surface antigens, such as gene mapping using somatic cell hybrids, DNA-mediated transformation of recipient cells using cloned surface antigen genes, and, most recently, surface antigen gene cloning. These topics have been previously reviewed.1 In this chapter, I shall discuss recent progress involving the recombinant DNA cloning of surface antigen genes, using the transferrin receptor as a model system.2 The use of eukaryotic cells as host systems for DNA recombinant cloning of non-membrane protein genes has been reviewed recently.3
Artificial intelligence in healthcare operations to enhance treatment outcomes: a framework to predict lung cancer prognosis

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is critical for data-driven decision making to increase resource utilization, operational performance, and service quality in various industry domains, particularly in healthcare. Using AI in healthcare operations can significantly improve treatment outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction while reducing costs. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage framework to build an AI-based decision support tool that can predict the 5-year survivability of lung cancer patients. We evaluate the proposed framework using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results dataset pertaining to the 1973–2015 period obtained from the National Institutes of Health. The first stage entails data preprocessing and target creation. The second stage applies six AI algorithms with feature selection through Particle Swarm Optimization and hyperparameter tuning with Cross-Validation. These Algorithms include Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forests (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Artificial Neural Network, and Naive Bayes. The results show that RF and AdaBoost models yield an AUC rate of 0.94 and outperform the other models. Stage 3 utilizes permutation importance to interpret the RF and AdaBoost models and applies Tree-based Augmented Naive Bayes to gain insights regarding the interrelations among important features. The results of Stage 3 delineate that the number of lymph nodes containing metastases), the number of tumors that patients have had in their lifetime, the patient’s age, and the microscopic composition of cells rank among the topmost important features and can significantly impact patient survivability. We think this study has significant practical implications in helping physicians predict prognosis and develop treatment plans for lung cancer patients.
DiffNets: deep learning the structural determinants of proteins biochemical properties by comparing different structural ensembles

Understanding the structural determinants of a protein9s biochemical properties, such as activity and stability, is a major challenge in biology and medicine. Comparing computer simulations of protein variants with different biochemical properties is an increasingly powerful means to drive progress. However, success often hinges on dimensionality reduction algorithms for simplifying the complex ensemble of structures each variant adopts. Unfortunately, common algorithms rely on potentially misleading assumptions about what structural features are important, such as emphasizing larger geometric changes over smaller ones. Here we present DiffNets, self-supervised autoencoders that avoid such assumptions, and automatically identify the relevant features, by requiring that the low-dimensional representations they learn are sufficient to predict the biochemical differences between protein variants. For example, DiffNets automatically identify subtle structural signatures that predict the relative stabilities of β-lactamase variants and duty ratios of myosin isoforms. DiffNets should also be applicable to understanding other perturbations, such as ligand binding.
RecSim NG: Toward Principled Uncertainty Modeling for Recommender Ecosystems.

The development of recommender systems that optimize multi-turn interaction with users, and model the interactions of different agents (e.g., users, content providers, vendors) in the recommender ecosystem have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Developing and training models and algorithms for such recommenders can be especially difficult using static datasets, which often fail to offer the types of counterfactual predictions needed to evaluate policies over extended horizons. To address this, we develop RecSim NG, a probabilistic platform for the simulation of multi-agent recommender systems. RecSim NG is a scalable, modular, differentiable simulator implemented in Edward2 and TensorFlow. It offers: a powerful, general probabilistic programming language for agent-behavior specification; tools for probabilistic inference and latent-variable model learning, backed by automatic differentiation and tracing; and a TensorFlow-based runtime for running simulations on accelerated hardware. We describe RecSim NG and illustrate how it can be used to create transparent, configurable, end-to-end models of a recommender ecosystem, complemented by a small set of simple use cases that demonstrate how RecSim NG can help both researchers and practitioners easily develop and train novel algorithms for recommender systems.
Intraoperative repair of mitral paravalvular leak with Amplatzer plug.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Significant paravalvular leaks may complicate mitral valve replacement (MVR), especially in the setting of mitral annular calcification. Correction has been accomplished postoperatively by endovascular delivery of Amplatzer plugs (Abbott Medical) with good results. Intraoperative delivery of Amplatzer plugs at the index operation may reduce postoperative paravalvular leaks. METHODS A retrospective review of eight patients who underwent placement of Amplatzer plugs for treatment of paravalvular leak during MVR at a single institution is reported. RESULTS Seven patients had ≤1+ residual mitral valve insufficiency and one patient had 1-2+ residual mitral valve insufficiency intraoperatively by transesophageal echocardiogram. At 222 days average follow-up, echocardiogram revealed ≤ 1+ residual mitral valve insufficiency in all surviving patients. CONCLUSION Intraoperative delivery of Amplatzer plugs for treatment of paravalvular leaks during MVR appears to be safe and effective at reducing postoperative mitral valve insufficiency.
Grid Value Investigation of Medium-Voltage Back-to-Back Converters

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the value that medium voltage back-to-back (MVB2B) converters can be realized through two potential applications: voltage regulation via the provision of reactive power supply or absorption, and distributed energy resource (DER) hosting capacity improvement via the controlled transfer of real power within the distribution system. Two groups of distribution systems have been prepared for the value investigation: the IEEE 123-bus system for the voltage regulation study and two utility-provided, realistic distribution systems for the DER hosting capacity improvement study. The results demonstrate that the MVB2B converter can realize significant value for the grid through these two applications. In particular, with the MVB2B converter transferring power between two feeders, DER-based power can be routed to nearby loads instead of feed through the distribution substation. Additionally, the size of energy storage elements used to enable higher levels of DERs can be significantly reduced.
Spatiotemporal non-uniformly correlated beams

We present a new partially coherent source with spatiotemporal coupling. The stochastic light, which we call a spatiotemporal (ST) non-uniformly correlated (NUC) beam, combines space and time in an inhomogeneous (shift- or space-variant) correlation function. This results in a source that self-focuses at a controllable location in space-time, making these beams potentially useful in applications such as optical trapping, optical tweezing, and particle manipulation. We begin by developing the mutual coherence function for an ST NUC beam. We then examine its free-space propagation characteristics by deriving an expression for the mean intensity at any plane $$z \ge 0$$ . To validate the theoretical work, we perform Monte Carlo simulations, in which we generate statistically independent ST NUC beam realizations and compare the sample statistical moments to the corresponding theory. We observe excellent agreement amongst the results.
Compactness and Contradiction

Logic and foundations Group theory Analysis Nonstandard analysis Partial differential equations Miscellaneous Bibliography Index
Preoperative Joint Space Width Predicts Patient-Reported Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients

Abstract Background In a new health care economy, there is an emerging need to understand and quantify predictors of total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes. We investigated the association between preoperative radiographic disease (as measured quantitatively by joint space width [JSW]) and patient-reported function, activity, pain, and quality of life after THA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 146 patients (146 hips) 55 years or younger with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis who underwent cementless THA between January 2009 and December 2010. Preoperative pelvic radiographs were measured by 1 author blinded to clinical outcomes to establish JSW, defined as the shortest distance between the femoral head margin and the superolateral weight-bearing portion of the acetabulum. The JSW value was treated as a continuous variable when applied to statistical modeling. The relationship between the JSW and the improvement of clinical outcome was examined via a general linear modeling approach with adjustments for patients' age, body mass index, and sex. Results We identified an inverse relationship between preoperative JSW and improvements in functional, activity, pain, and quality of life. We found that, as JSW decreased by 1 mm, the outcome measure improvements were modified Harris Hip Score of 6.3 (p Conclusions Our results demonstrate that patients with greater preoperative joint space have less predictable improvement in terms of function, pain relief, and activity. These findings suggest that THA in young patients with a JSW less than 1.5 to 2 mm provides more predictable improvements in pain and functional outcomes.
The United Tribe of Shawnee Indians: Resurrection in the Twentieth Century

In the early days of the European invasion onto the North American continent, separatism was a far better key to tribal survival than relationship. Disease, deception, and forceful displacement befell most of the eastern and southern Atlantic seaboard tribes who lay directly in the colonists' path. Yet, after the nineteenth century white flood had crested the Appalachians and swept to the Pacific, anonymity and repose were no longer possible, and tribal existence came to largely depend on paternalistic recognition by the now-dominant federal sovereign. Within the contours of official federal recognition are numerous existential dramas of promises made and forgotten, cessions and recessions, settlement and removal, and terminations and restorations. This article focuses on recognition as the sine qua non of political and proprietorial viability and on the efforts of Jim Oyler and the United Tribe of Shawnee Indians. This article chronicles the United Tribe of Shawnee Indians in Kansas, its recognition by treaty, statute, and Supreme Court case, the myriad forces subsequently brought to bear on the reserve in the nineteenth century, the shattering and dissipation of the tribe, loss of most of its lands, and the twentieth century efforts of Jimmie Oyler to breathe life back into the tribal embers. After a decade of litigation over partition and jurisdictional disputes, Oyler resurrected the sovereignty of the United Tribe of Shawnee Indians and asserted it over Lot 206, a portion of the original treaty land base. These legal wars, which range across the threshold of the new millennium, deal with the tribal efforts to reconstitute its reservation, to stop the environmentally irresponsible use and disposition of a contaminated army munitions plant, and to secure the acknowledgment of a recognition once accorded in solemn pledge to the United Tribe of Shawnee Indians and never formally denied.
Ultra-peripheral collision in CMS

Coherent peripheral collisions of atomic nuclei involve electromagnetic or long range hadronic interactions at impact parameters, where both nuclei survive intact. Recently such ultra-peripheral collisions were observed at RHIC. The effect of the electromagnetic field can be interpreted as a photon-photon collision with an effective center of mass energy up to a few GeV at RHIC. At the Large Hadron Collider the effective center of mass energy will be increased by more than an order of magnitude. This opens new opportunities, ranging from the study of non-perturbative QCD to the search for new physics.
Phenotypic evolution in high‐elevation populations of western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Adaptive divergence in response to variable habitats, climates, and altitude is often accentuated along elevation gradients. We investigate phenotypic evolution in body size and coloration in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis Baird & Girard, 1852) across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, situated in the Sierra Nevada mountains of Western North America. High-elevation populations occurring above 2100 m a.s.l. are recognized as a separate subspecies (Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp, 1916), with a distinctive phenotype characterized by a large body size and extensive blue ventral pigmentation. We sampled S. occidentalis from across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, and collected phenotypic data (body size and ventral coloration measurements; 410 specimens) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (complete NADH1 gene; 969 bp, 181 specimens) to infer phylogenetic relationships, and examine the genetic and phenotypic diversity among populations. Populations of S. occidentalis in Yosemite National Park follow Bergmann's rule and exhibit larger body sizes in colder, high-elevation environments. The high-elevation subspecies S. o. taylori is not monophyletic, and the mitochondrial DNA genealogy supports a model of convergent phenotypic evolution among high-elevation populations belonging to different river drainages. The hypothesis that separate populations of S. occidentalis expanded up river drainages after the recession of glaciers is supported by population demographic analyses, and suggest that Bergmann's clines can evolve rapidly along elevation gradients. The distinctive high-elevation phenotype that is attributable to S. o. taylori has evolved independently several times, and includes adaptive phenotypic changes associated with increases in body size and ventral coloration. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 630–641.
Double-isotope derivative assay of serum iodothyronines. II. Thyroxine.

Abstract An improved method has been developed for double-isotope derivative assay of total serum T4. In the double-isotope derivative assay, tritiumlabeled acetic anhydride is used to make a derivative of the unknown T4, which is purified and counted. The new procedure includes greatly shortened and simplified acetylation and purification steps. Also a resin column method has proved superior to butanol for extracting T4 from serum prior to acetylation. The precision of T4 assay by the double-isotope derivative approach compares favorably with that of other methods and may prove useful in thyroid research.
Crowdsourcing health literacy: the case of an online community

Drawing on data from 31 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and online archives analysis, this paper examines the health information interactions that participants in an online breast cancer community experienced as they progressed through breast cancer and survivorship. The findings reveal... This research highlights patients' perceptions of information gaps, how patients navigated through their information gaps with the help of the community, and the significance of peer interaction in the comprehension of medical information and medical decision-making.
The Effects of Structures and Power on State Bargaining Strategies

When and why will states adopt more (or less) cooperative bargaining strategies? Standard answers to this question focus on the role of state power. Other scholars highlight socialization effects. I argue that in most international negotiations, the institutional bargaining structure will mitigate the effects of power and socialization, and drive state bargaining behavior. Factors highlighted by formal models of international bargaining should therefore best explain the variation in the strategies states adopt. I introduce empirical measures of these abstract concepts, and test their effects against those of power and socialization using an original dataset of state bargaining strategies in the European Union (EU). The results show that structural factors best explain variation in the EU states’ bargaining strategies. I conclude by highlighting the conditions under which these effects should explain state bargaining behavior in other international negotiations, and discuss the implications of this argument for the study of international bargaining.
The effect of severe trauma on urine loss of insulin

Six trauma patients and five healthy volunteers were given an intravenous glucose infusion (5 Gm. per hour) for 6 hours. The serum insulin response and urine insulin excretion were measured and compared in the two groups. Glucose intolerance and serum insulin levels which were elevated but inappropriately low for the degree of glycemia characterized the trauma patients. Urine insulin concentrations and total urine insulin were increased significantly in the trauma patients. Renal function was similar in both groups, as determined by serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance. The increase in urine insulin concentration in the trauma patients reflected the higher serum insulin concentrations, but no correlation existed between serum insulin and urine insulin concentrations. A negative correlation was found between "insulin clearance" and serum insulin in both groups, indicating altered renal handling of insulin following injury which may be a contributory factor to the relative hypoinsulinemia of trauma.
Childhood trauma and parental style: relationship with markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and aggression in healthy and personality disordered subjects

Recent studies suggest that early life trauma is associated with elevations in circulating markers of inflammation in human subjects. History of aggression as a behavior, or aggression as a personality trait, is also associated with elevations of these inflammatory markers. Since early life trauma is associated with the development and maintenance of aggression in later life we examined the relationship of early life adversity, plasma inflammation markers (IL-6 and CRP) and oxidative stress markers (8-OH-DG and 8-ISO), and aggression in adult subjects with (n=79) and without (n=55) personality disorder. We used a series of mediated and moderated path models to test whether the effects of early adversity on later aggression may be mediated through markers of inflammation. Childhood abuse and parental control were associated with basal IL-6 and CRP concentrations. Path modeling suggested that childhood abuse was associated with aggression indirectly through CRP while parental control influenced aggression indirectly through IL-6 and CRP. Furthermore, these effects were independent of the effect of current depression. The results suggest that disruption of inflammatory processes represent one pathway by which early adversity influences aggression.
Blended Course Design: A Synthesis of Best Practices

Blended or hybrid course offerings in higher education are commonplace and much has been written about how to design a blended course effectively. This study examines publicly available guides, documents, and books that espouse best or effective practices in blended course design to determine commonalities among such practices. A qualitative meta-analysis reveals common principles regarding blended definitions, the design process, pedagogical strategies, classroom and online technology utilization, assessment strategies, and course implementation and student readiness. Findings reveal areas of disconnect and conflict, as well as implications for the likelihood of successful utilization when best/effective practices are followed.
Compassionate Detachment: Managing Professional Stress While Providing Quality Care to Bereaved Parents

This phenomenological study examines the lived experience of professionals who have assisted parents after the sudden unexpected death of their child from sudden infant death syndrome, sudden unexpected infant death, and sudden unexplained death in childhood. Interview material was analyzed using Creswell's six-step approach to qualitative data. Three types of involvement emerged as themes: early enmeshed emotions, emotional detachment, and compassionate detachment. Compassionate detachment marked a balance between emotional engagement with the newly bereaved parents and cognitive detachment from the trauma. All professionals mentioned relying on a philosophy of life and death as a means of coping with the stress of these cases. Having a solid cognitive belief structure seemed to be a protective factor when working with the sudden and unexplained death of a child. A case is made for the need for organizations to mitigate the deleterious effects of stress and burnout among health and emergency workers by p...
Interfacial turbulence in minute drops evaporating on a flat plate

Abstract Surface tension/temperature driven interfacial turbulence in evaporating minute drops was studied photographyically using the laser shadowgraphy. Liquids of relatively low boiling point were employed: ethyl ether, acetone, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and heptane. A drop surface on a glass plate at room temperature was photographed straight down with motion picture. During drop lifetime, the interface exhibited a dominant pattern of radial stripes over a very brief duration followed by polygonal cells and ended in ripples. These interfacial forms are related to three stages of drop evaporation. The mechanism of interfacial turbulence is proposed.
Organisation and evolution of Drosophila virilis heterochromatin

CENTRIC heterochromatin in Drosophila metaphase chromosomes is organised into large blocks which show various degrees of condensation in prometaphase1 and various degrees of decondensation when living cells are Hoechst treated2. By sequential staining with the fluorescent dyes Hoechst and quinacrine, three different types of blocks are distinguishable in D. virilis. Each block seems to contain only one DNA satellite and similar staining blocks, along with their respective satellite, appear or disappear as units during speciation; this was first suggested from a study of D. hydei sibling species1 and here confirmed for the D. virilis group.
Determination of the excretion and the tissue distribution of carboxyl carbon in the rat after administration of C14 carboxyl acetylsalicylic acid.

Abstract To determine the excretion and the tissue distribution of C 14 carboxyl acetylsalicylic acid in the rat, 450 mg./Kg. and 20 mg./Kg. dose levels containing 2 nc. of C 14 per dose were administered by stomach tube. The tissue distribution was compared by using the tissue-plasma ratio per mg. dry and wet tissue weight. After forty-eight hours the urine excreted 83.3 per cent of the C 14 and 9 per cent was found in the feces. No C 14 was found in the expired carbon dioxide. When studied 30 minutes after administration kidney and lung tissue showed the highest accumulation of the C 14 while the red blood cells and the brain showed the lowest.
Differences in Response of Black Hypertensives to Alpha vs. Beta Adrenergic Antagonists: Preliminary Findings

ABSTRACT We tested our clinical impression that black hypertensives in our clinic population responded better to α-adrenergic blocking agents (clonidine and prazosin) than to β-adrenergic blockers (atenolol, nadolol and propranolol), Compared to no effect from eight weeks of therapy with β-blockers, clonidine significantly decreased erect mean arterial pressure (MAP) when assessed weekly for four weeks (p = 0.027 to 0.046). However, the decrease in supine MAP was not significant. The effects of prazosin were more modest. Supine MAP was significantly less than with β-blockade (p = 0.032) at two weeks but not at four weeks and decrements in erect MAP were not significant. In this preliminary study, black hypertensives appeared to be more responsive to α-adrenergic antagonists than to β-blockers, with clonidine more effective than prazosin. Elucidation of possible mechanisms of the difference and of its clinical importance warrant further study.
Tire Vibration Studies: The State of the Art

Abstract General principles of mechanical vibration enigneering are used to discuss the total tire vibration problem in terms of three necessary factors: an excitation force, a transmitter, and a receiver of the vibratory force. The present state of knowledge for each of these factors is discussed and an overall goal for reduction of vehicle vibration is formulated. Current experiments for investigating tire vibration transmissibility are described and the results presented: the first used an electrohydraulic shaker; the second used time average holography, in order to see tires, and investigated impact wave propagation in tires with double‐pulsed laser holography. Results show that it is difficult to reduce tire transmissibility and to shift resonant frequencies; however, this may be accomplished by introducing small amounts of body ply crown angles in radial tires (0–20 deg). Results of the impact wave propagation tests are beginning to reveal the true nature of what happens when a tire strikes a sharp ...
Effect of Black Liquor Oxidation on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Selected Materials

Abstract In some pulp mills black liquor is oxidized to control odor as well as to allow an increase in pulp production in recovery boiler capacity-limited mills. The oxidation of black liquor affects the liquor chemical composition, which can affect the corrosivity of black liquors. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and general corrosion susceptibility of commonly used materials—carbon steel (A516-Grade 70 [UNS K02700]), austenitic stainless steel (Type 304L [UNS S30403]), and duplex stainless steels (2205 [UNS S32205] and 2304 [UNS S32304])—were evaluated for use in southern hardwood black liquor and an equivalent oxidized black liquor from the same mill. The liquors were analyzed for their inorganic composition to identify the reasons for changes in their corrosivity. Results indicate that the incomplete oxidation of liquor may lead to increased concentrations of hydroxide and thiosulfate in the liquor and can increase susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels to undergo SCC. Duplex stainless steels ...