cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the chiral Luttinger liquid exponent universal

Abstract We present experimental evidence from electron tunneling measurements that the chiral Luttinger liquid power-law exponent, α, for tunneling into the fractional quantum Hall edge deviates substantially from the universal behavior predicted by theory. Our results suggest that the existing standard analyses based on effective Chern–Simon field theories deserve careful reexamination when applied to the dynamics at the Hall fluid edge. To cite this article: A.M. Chang, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 677–684.
Detection of condensed-phase explosives via laser-induced vaporization, photodissociation, and resonant excitation

We investigate the remote detection of explosives via a technique that vaporizes and photodissociates the condensed-phase material and detects the resulting vibrationally excited NO fragments via laser-induced fluorescence. The technique utilizes a single 7 ns pulse of a tunable laser near 236.2 nm to perform these multiple processes. The resulting blue-shifted fluorescence (226 nm) is detected using a photomultiplier and narrowband filter that strongly block the scatter of the pump laser off the solid media while passing the shorter wavelength photons. Various nitro-bearing compounds, including 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) were detected with a signal-to-noise of 25 dB. The effects of laser fluence, wavelength, and sample morphology were examined.
Quantitative and predictive correlations for peroxidase catalysis in organic media

Quantitative and predictive relationships have been developed for horseradish peroxidase catalysis in both aqueous and organic media. These relationships take into account the physicochemical characteristics of both substrate (e.g., hydrophobicity and electronic characteristics) and solvent (e.g., hydrophobicity and polarity). The results suggest that solvent effects on hydrophobic interactions within proteins are secondary to effects on electrostatic forces.
Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy by suturing technique, with no transvaginal surgical approach: a review of 276 cases.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of the new technique of laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal-pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault re-suspension by suturing method, with no transvaginal surgical approach. Methods: The clinical prospective study included 276 women, and was conducted from July 1990 through December 1995. All women were subjected to a laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal and pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault suspension. The entire operation was executed via laparoscope with suturing and tying of extracorporeal sliding and intracorporeal two-turn flat square knot technique, and no transvaginal surgery was performed. The criteria for postoperative early (within 5 h) discharge plan were designed and assessed. Results: All pre-planned instances of laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal-pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault re-suspension were completed; no technique failure was encountered. The average operating time for both hysterectomy and prophylactic surgery was 192 min. Intraoperative complications were two bladder injuries (0.72%); one case of inferior epigastric vessels injury (0.36%); one case of autologous, cells saver processed blood transfusion (0.36%). The immediate postoperative complications were four cases of voiding difficulty (1.45%) and five patients experiencing post anesthesia inordinate nausea and vomiting (1.81%). One patient required postoperative blood transfusion (0.36%). Delayed postoperative complications included 2 patients (0.72%) with superficial incisional skin infection. Estimated hemoglobin loss was from 0.5 g/dl to 5.0 g/dl, mean loss 1.5 g/dl. The extirpated uterine average weight 163 g. Postoperatively, within 24 h, 265 patients (96.01%) out of 276 were discharged home on the day of surgery, within 5 h, 110 patients (41.51%) out of 265 left the surgical unit. There was no single hospital post surgical re-admission. Conclusions: Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy with prophylactic retroperitoneal rectovaginal-pouch of Douglas reconstruction and vaginal vault suspension by suturing method is a safe, well-defined operation, executed with no need for transvaginal surgical approach, and well accepted by patients.
Association of dry eyes and dry mouth with anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B autoantibodies in normal adults.

Objective. To evaluate the extent to which seemingly healthy, mature adults with mild symptoms of dry eyes or dry mouth share the immunologic features found in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Methods. Of 705 subjects in Malmo, Sweden (age range 52–72 years) who responded to a questionnaire, 35% reported some symptoms of dry eyes or mouth. A random subgroup of the symptomatic subjects (n = 77) and an age- and sex-matched control group from among the asymptomatic subjects (n = 32) were evaluated objectively by serologic testing and by various measures of exocrine gland function. Results. The symptomatic subjects had relatively impaired exocrine gland function and elevated levels of anti-Ro and anti-La (1.54–2.88-fold increase compared with the asymptomatic subjects, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41, 4.03). The 2 autoantibodies correlated with each other (r = 0.64, 95% CI 0.49, 0.78) as well as with selected clinical measures of glandular function. Conclusion. The association between self-reported symptoms of dry eyes or dry mouth and anti-Ro and anti-La, found in more than one-third of mature adults in this study, suggests that the immune abnormalities and exocrine gland dysfunction found in Sjogren's syndrome affect a substantial proportion of the general population.
Blue-green spectral minimum correlates with oxyhemoglobin saturation in vivo.

An imaging multi-spectral retinal oximeter with intravitrial illumination is used to perform the first in vivo test of the blue-green minima shift oximetry method (BGO) in swine eyes [K. R. Dennighoff, R. A. Chipman, and L. W. Hillman, Opt. Lett. 31, 924–926 (2006); J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 034020 (2007).] A fiber optic intravitreal illuminator inserted through the pars plana was coupled to a monochromator and used to illuminate the retina from an angle. A camera viewing through the cornea recorded a series of images at each wavelength. This intravitreal light source moves the specular vessel glint away from the center of the vessel and directly illuminates the fundus behind most blood vessels. These two conditions combine to provide accurate measurements of vessel and perivascular reflectance. Equations describing these different light paths are solved, and BGO is used to evaluate large retinal vessels. In order to test BGO calibration in vivo , data were acquired from swine with varied retinal arterial oxyhemoglobin saturations (60–100% saturation.). The arterial saturations determined using BGO to analyze the multispectral image sets showed excellent correlation with co-oximeter data (r 2 =0.98, and residual error ±3.4% saturation) and are similar to results when hemoglobin and blood were analyzed using this technique.
Enhanced electro-optical effect in silicon

We demonstrate methods to enhance electro-optical effect in silicon. In the first method, a tunable PhC device is proposed to consist of the self-guiding region and the tunable region. The tunable lattice is designed such that it has a band gap and the self-guiding frequency is located at its bottom band edge of the conduction band. Therefore, the device output can be tuned by injecting free carriers into the tunable region to slightly reduce its effective index to pull up the band gap. In the second method we design a self-guiding PhC cavity. Using this cavity, we could switch output light on and off with an extinction ratio of 17.5 dB by changing only 1e-3 of the effective refractive index of the silicon background. The third method utilizes a 12-fold symmetric quasi- photonic crytal cavity to enhance electro-optical effect in silicon. The designed cavity supports whispering gallery modes and one of such modes is found to have Q value of 2.3e4.
The error in quasi-quatum mechanical calculations

Abstract A numerical simulation of the vibration of a ground state H 2 molecule is made from a quasi-quantum mechanical point of view, that is, energy has been determined by quantum mechanics and trajectories determined by Newtonian mechanics. The numerical method used is implicit and conserves the energy exactly at each time step. A variety of CRAY X-MP/SE14 calculations are described and discussed. Comparisons are made with correct oscillation and diameter values.
Public Administrator Attitudes about Spirituality An Exploratory Study

A random sample of members of the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) were surveyed in regard to their views about spirituality in the public-sector workplace and whether spirituality...
Meso-tetraaryl cofacial bisporphyrins delivered by Suzuki cross-coupling.

The Suzuki cross-coupling methodology provides a facile synthetic approach for the modular preparation of meso-tetraaryl cofacial bisporphyrins anchored by xanthene and dibenzofuran. This synthetic method furnishes cofacial bisporphyrin templates with enhanced steric and electronic protection from μ-oxo formation and oxidative degradation. The ability of these platforms to support multielectron oxidation chemistry mediated by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is demonstrated by their reactivity for the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.
TAENIODONTA OF THE WASHAKIE FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING

Abstract Six specimens of the rare taeniodont, †Stylinodon mirus, are recorded from the Lower part of the Adobe Town Member (TWkA1), Washakie Formation, Late Bridgerian–Early Uintan Land Mammal Age of the Washakie Basin. They are described and compared with other similarly aged specimens from other western North American basins. †S. mirus is the last of the taeniodonts, one of the early lines in the mammalian adaptive radiation that followed the demise of the dinosaurs. The most important of them is the articulated partial skeleton, FMNH PM 3895. It shows much new anatomical detail and it exhibits three notable specializations that provide a firm basis for speculation about its habitus. †Stylinodon inexplicatus Schoch and Lucas, 1981a, is shown to be a juvenile of †S. mirus, and is thereby put into synonymy with that species.
Dose-Escalated Postprostatectomy Salvage Radiation Therapy: Is 81 Gy Safe and Effective?

Purpose/Objective(s): The long term effects of salvage radiation therapy after prostatectomy are a major concern to patients. Previously reported data generally have had small sample size or have not used daily image guidance, high doses, and/or IMRT. We hypothesized that daily image guidance and high dose IMRT treatment planning with adherence to field delineation guidelines and dose constraints would result in a low rate of serious, long term clinical effects for patients treated with salvage radiation therapy in a community setting. Materials/Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, 211 consecutive patients treated with salvage, high dose (70.2 Gy) daily image-guided IMRT for prostate cancer in a high volume, private practice center were prospectively evaluated. Minimum follow-up was 24 months. Urethral strictures, rectal bleeding, and sexual function (in patients who received no androgen suppression) were prospectively recorded at 3, 12, and 24 months after radiation therapy. Treatment fields followed published guidelines, with dose limitations to the bladder (V65 <25%, V40 <50%) and rectum (V65 <17%, V42 <35%). Image guidance was orthogonal pairs (2006-2007) or cone beam CT (2008-2011) matched to bony anatomy. Results: The cumulative rate of urethral strictures (Grade 2/3) and rectal bleeding (Grade 2/3), along with the rate of erectile function are given below for all patients. There were no Grade 4/5 toxicities.
SIMPLE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR PROTON-ENHANCED NUCLEAR INDUCTION SPECTROSCOPY.

A simple inexpensive data acquisition system is described which permits accumulation of 1024 digital points in <3 msec. This is useful for proton-enhanced nuclear induction spectroscopy where excessive accumulation time causes extraneous expenditure of rf power during multiple cross-polarization experiments. A brief example of the operation is presented.
Dipolar-coupling-mediated total correlation spectroscopy in solid-state 13C NMR: selection of individual 13C-13C dipolar interactions.

Abstract Herein is described a useful approach in solid-state NMR, for selecting homonuclear 13 C– 13 C spin pairs in a multiple- 13 C homonuclear dipolar coupled spin system. This method builds upon the zero-quantum (ZQ) dipolar recoupling method introduced by Levitt and coworkers (Marin-Montesinos et al., 2006 [30] ) by extending the originally introduced one-dimensional (1D) experiment into a two-dimensional (2D) method with selective irradiation scheme, while moving the 13 C– 13 C mixing scheme from the transverse to the longitudinal mode, together with a dramatic improvement in the proton decoupling efficiency. Selective spin-pair recoupling experiments incorporating Gaussian and cosine-modulated Gaussian pulses for inverting specific spins were performed, demonstrating the ability to detect informative, simplified/individualized, long-range 13 C– 13 C homonuclear dipolar coupling interactions more accurately by removing less informative, stronger, short-range 13 C– 13 C interactions from 2D correlation spectra. The capability of this new approach was demonstrated experimentally on uniformly 13 C–labeled Glutamine and a tripeptide sample, GAL.
Effects of Intrastriatal Injections of Platelet-Activating Factor and the PAF Antagonist BN 52021 on Memory

Abstract The present experiments examined the effects of posttraining intra-dorsal striatal (i.e., caudate-putamen) injections of the phospholipid methylcarbamyl platelet-activating factor (mc-PAF) and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist BN 52021 on memory using a striatal-dependent cued water maze task. Male Long-Evans rats received an eight-trial training session in which a visibly cued escape platform was located in a different quadrant of the maze on each trial, followed by an intrastriatal injection of mc-PAF (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 μg/0.5 μl), BN 52021 (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/0.5 μl), or vehicle (DMSO; 0.5 μl). On a retention test 24 h later, the escape latencies of rats given mc-PAF (1.0, 2.0 μg) were significantly lower than those of vehicle-injected controls, indicating a memory enhancing effect of mc-PAF. The retention test escape latencies of rats given BN 52021 (0.5, 1.0 μg) were significantly higher than those of vehicle-injected controls, indicating a memory impairing effect of BN 52021. Injections of mc-PAF or BN 52021 did not affect retention when administered 2 h posttraining, indicating a time-dependent effect of the drugs on memory storage. The findings indicate a role for endogenous PAF function in striatal-dependent memory processes.
Biomimetic Pathways for Assembling Inorganic Thin Films

Living organisms construct various forms of laminated nanocomposites through directed nucleation and growth of inorganics at self-assembled organic templates at temperatures below 100°C and in aqueous solutions. Recent research has focused on the use of functionalized organic surfaces to form continuous thin films of single-phase ceramics. Continuous thin films of mesostructured silicates have also been formed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces through a two-step mechanism. First, under acidic conditions, surfactant micellar structures are self-assembled at the solid/liquid interface, and second, inorganic precursors condense to form an inorganic-organic nanocomposite. Epitaxial coordination of adsorbed surfactant tubules is observed on mica and graphite substrates, whereas a random arrangement is observed on amorphous silica. The ability to process ceramic-organic nanocomposite films by these methods provides new technological opportunities.
High enantiofacial selectivity in the OsO4 dihydroxylation of e‐stilbene with a chiral biphenyl diamine catalyst

The chiral biphenyl-containing diamine 1 complexed with OsO4 oxidized trans-stilbene at –80°C to (+)-(1R;2R)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol in high enantiomeric excess. On the other hand, (R)- or (S)-2,2'-bis(dimethylamino)-6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl proved to be ineffective in promoting oxidation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Selected, Chronic Cardiac Denervation on Heart Rate Responses to Alterations in Afferent Inputs: Relationship to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Effects of Selected, Chronic Cardiac Denervation on Heart Rate Responses to Alterations in Afferent Inputs: Relationship to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar region secondary to neuraxis hypotension

Study Design. A case of diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar region secondary to neuraxis hypotension is presented. Objective. To report a case of diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar region and to show the importance of considering neuraxis hypotension in the differential diagnosis of this type of enhancement so as to avoid excessive invasive and noninvasive diagnostic testing. Summary of Background Data. Diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar region secondary to neuraxis hypotension has not been reported previously. Methods. A case of diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement of the lumbar region is presented in the context of clinical signs and symptoms replete with a history of cerebrospinal fluid diversion that strongly suggest neuraxis hypotension. Results. The patient's clinical presentation and history of shunting implicated neuraxis hypotension as a cause of the diffuse dural enhancement. Conclusion. Proper attribution of the dural gadolinium enhancement to neuraxis hypotension helped avoid a dural biopsy with its potential attendant morbidity. It is important to consider neuraxis hypotension in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement occurring anywhere in the central neuraxis to avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing with its attendant morbidity and cost.
Management of diffuse pollution in agricultural watersheds: Lessons from the Minnesota River basin

The Minnesota River (Minnesota, USA) receives large non-point source pollutant loads. Complex interactions between agricultural, state agency, environmental groups, and issues of scale make watershed management difficult. Subdividing the basin's 12 major watersheds into agro-ecoregions based on soil type, geology, steepness, and climate enhances predictability of stream water quality parameters. An eight-step framework for agricultural watershed management is presented.
Towards an integrated ceramic micro-membrane network: Electroless-plated palladium membranes in cordierite supports

In this manuscript the authors detail the fabrication of permselective palladium membranes within cordierite mini-channel networks, and their subsequent evaluation for hydrogen purification. Cordierite extruded honeycomb monoliths (64 cpsi) were first washcoated with micropowder γ-Al2O3 to realize cylindrical surfaces for subsequent deposition of palladium films. A second nanopowder γ-Al2O3 layer provides a uniform surface for deposition of defect-free palladium films. Electroless plating under kinetic-limited conditions enabled plating of thin (8 μm) defect-free palladium films with crystallite sizes of ∼2 μm. Analysis of resulting two-channel membrane systems for hydrogen separation at 350 °C demonstrated hydrogen flux of 1.0–5.5 × 10−3 mol m−2 s−1 and hydrogen-to-helium selectivities of 40–360:1. Lastly, the authors detail a novel microreactor design strategy to employ resulting mini-channel membrane networks as part of a thermally integrated portable reformer for high-purity hydrogen production.
Molecular phylogenetic trees: on the validity of the Goodman-Moore augmentation algorithm.

A response is made to the reply of Nei and Tateno (1979) to the letter of Holmquist (1978) supporting the validity of the augmentation algorithm of Moore (1977) in reconstructions of nucleotide substitutions by means of the maximum parsimony principle. It is argued that the overestimation of the augmented numbers of nucleotide substitutions (augmented distances) found by Tateno and Nei (1978) is due to an unrepresentative data sample and that it is only necessary that evolution be stochastically uniform in different regions of the phylogenetic network for the augmentation method to be useful. The importance of the average value of the true distance over all links is explained, and the relative variances of the true and augmented distances are calculated to be almost identical. The effects of topological changes in the phylogenetic tree on the augmented distance and the question of the correctness of ancestral sequences inferred by the method of parsimony are also clarified.
The Attica litigation

In September of 1971, twenty-nine inmates and ten prison employees were killed at New York's Attica Correctional Facility when state law enforcement agents forcibly regained control. In the two decades since, aborted attempts at criminal prosecution have been followed by a maze of civil litigation in state and federal courts as prisoners, Attica employees, and their estates have sought monetary compensation for injuries, wrongful death, and alleged violations of civil rights. This paper draws together the major litigation stemming from the 1971 Attica events and suggests some implications for law and social control.
Nonstoichiometric hydrogen contents in common rock-forming hydroxyl silicates

Abstract H+ and Fe3+ have been analyzed in conjunction with electron microprobe studies of over 500 petrologically well-constrained rock-forming Fe-bearing hydroxyl silicates. H+ and Fe3+ vary widely in the minerals studied. In most cases, biotite, muscovite, and chlorite are deficient in H+ relative to the generally assumed stoichiometries. Results indicate that oxysubstitution (or deprotonation) involving only H+ and Fe3+ exchange is rare, although the related substitution of H+mineral (Fe, Mg)2+mineral → (Fe3+, A13+, 1 2 Ti 4+ , etc.)mincral + 1 2 [H 2 ] gas is extremely common. In biotites from metapelites in western Maine, this relationship can be expressed quantitatively as H + = −1.120 ± 0.302 × (6 − 4 Si 4+ + 6 Fe 3+ + 6A13+ + 6Ti4+ × 2)× + 4.9006 ± 0.2547 6A13+ + 6Ti4+ × 2)× + 4.9006 ± 0.2547 for a 24-oxygen formula unit. Similar equations will be developed for other hydroxyl phases. This mechanism accounts for the great majority of R3+ and R4+ substitution (apart from the Tshermak substitution), reducing or eliminating the need to invoke vacancies for charge balance and should also be considered in formulation of site substitution models, geothermobarometry and any other applications dependent on full characterization of mineral compositions.
Laser-induced fluorescence coupled with solid-phase microextraction for in situ determination of PAHs in sediment pore water.

In situ sampling with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was coupled with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in an effort to develop a simple field-portable method to determine total dissolved PAH (p...
Outcome of Multifetal Gestations: A Case-Control Study

Higher order multifetal gestations are increasingly common. The advent of multifetal reduction procedures has increased the need for outcome data with which to counsel such couples. This case control study was designed to examine the outcomes of triplet or higher order gestations cared for over a ten-year period. Thirteen cases (eleven triplet, two quadruplet gestations) were matched to twenty-six twin controls for parity, maternal age, and delivery service. Outcomes were determined by chart review using standard definitions. Short-term perinatal mortality and morbidity were similar between the two groups. Achieving these similar outcomes necessitated a high rate of hospital admission for mothers, almost universal need for intensive care nursery admission for infants, and a frequent use of abdominal delivery, often via vertical uterine incisions. This information may benefit clinicians counselling couples with higher order multifetal gestations.
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate releases calcium from skinned cultured smooth muscle cells.

We examined the effects of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate on 45Ca uptake and 45Ca efflux in the saponin skinned primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 10 μM inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate induced a rapid (half time<10 sec) and large quantity of Ca release in both 45Ca uptake and 45Ca efflux in the skinned cells preloaded with 1 μM free Ca. Dose response curves showed that 100 μM inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate produced a maximal Ca release of 97.3% of the MgATP dependent 45Ca uptake or 289 μ moles/liter cells, which was much greater than the maximal caffeine induced Ca release and would be sufficient to produce maximal tension.
On the mechanism of enzyme action. No. LXIX. The influence of chemical modification on the trypsin-formaldehyde reaction

Abstract Native trypsin is readily inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde. Acylation of the free amino groups of the enzyme leads to an increased stability which is most pronounced in the case of the succinyl derivative. The effect of formaldehyde is greatest in alkaline media as was found to be the case in previous investigations. Acylation prevents the formation of methylene cross-linkages between protein molecules, but this is not the only reason for the observed stabilization. The reactions leading to inactivation appear to be of two types, one rapid and one slow. The latter is least evident in the case of succinyltrypsin.
Blarina brevicauda as a Predator on Nestling Voles

Interactions between Blarina brevicauda and male-female pairs and single females of Microtus ochrogaster and single females of M. pennsylvanicus with nestlings present and between male and female M. ochrogaster and female M. pennsylvanicus without nestlings were recorded in observational arenas. Both sexes of M. ochrogaster displayed aggressive behavior towards and successfully defended the nestlings from B. brevicauda . Female M. pennsylvanicus neither displayed aggressive behavior towards nor protected nestlings from B. brevicauda . When nestlings were not present neither sex of M. ochrogaster nor female M. pennsylvanicus displayed aggressive behavior towards B. brevicauda . We conclude B. brevicauda has the potential to be an intense predator on nestling M. pennsylvanicus , but not on M. ochrogaster nestlings.
Pathologic correlates of nondemented aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

The results of studies from the Washington University Alzheimer Disease (AD) Research Center and those from other centers and investigators regarding the neuropathologic correlates of normal aging and early-stage AD are reviewed. We conclude that widespread amyloid plaques in the neocortex best distinguishes very early stage AD, including “MCI” stage, and preclinical stages, from healthy brain aging. Other AD lesions, including increased formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal degeneration appear to result from the amyloid-initiated pathologic process, although they may have a more immediate effect on expression and severity of dementia. These data provide strong support for anti-amyloid intervention as a preventive therapy for AD. It is now critical to develop methods to detect preclinical AD during life.
Light-driven three-dimensional rotational motion of dandelion-shaped microparticles

Chemically synthesized colloidal particles featuring large-scale surface asperities can be trapped and manipulated in fluid media through holographic optical trapping. Light scattering by these particles' surface features provides a mechanism for holographic optical traps also to exert torques on them, thereby setting them in steady rotation about arbitrary axes in three dimensions. When pairs of rotating particles are brought close enough that their surface features mesh, they form microscopic gear trains. These micro-opto-mechanical systems can be arranged in any desired three-dimensional configuration.
An Extensive Survey of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Revealing New Sites in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation represents a central regulatory mechanism in cell signaling. Here we present an extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in a normal-derived human mammary epithelial cell line by applying anti-phosphotyrosine peptide immunoaffinity purification coupled with high sensitivity capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 481 tyrosine phosphorylation sites (covered by 716 unique peptides) from 285 proteins were confidently identified in HMEC following the analysis of both the basal condition and acute stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The estimated false discovery rate was 1.0% as determined by searching against a scrambled database. Comparison of these data with existing literature showed significant agreement for previously reported sites. However, we observed 281 sites that were not previously reported for HMEC cultures and 29 of which have not been reported for any human cell or tissue system. The analysis showed that the majority of highly phosphorylated proteins were relatively low-abundance. Large differences in phosphorylation stoichiometry for sites within the same protein were also observed, raising the possibility of more important functional roles for such highly phosphorylated pTyr sites. By mapping to major signaling networks, such as the EGF receptor and insulin growth factor-1 receptor signaling pathways, many known proteins involved in these pathways were revealed to be tyrosine phosphorylated, which provides interesting targets for future hypothesis-driven and targeted quantitative studies involving tyrosine phosphorylation in HMEC or other human systems.
The Impact of Creativity Training on an Accounting Negotiation

There is renewed interest in the factors that affect negotiations, as they are a significant part of organizational life. While we understand that there are many barriers to effectively reaching optimal solutions in a negotiation, we are still unclear as to the means by which to meet this goal. In this paper, we offer creativity training as a possible antecedent to effective negotiation. Our results show that individuals trained to think creatively reached more integrative solutions or solutions that were mutually beneficial to all negotiation participants than individuals who did not receive creativity training. We discuss implications and future research.
Negative feedback regulation among SR splicing factors encoded by Rbp1 and Rbp1-like in Drosophila

SR proteins constitute a widely conserved family of splicing regulators. Negative autoregulation of SR proteins has been proposed to exert homeostatic control on the splicing environment, but few examples have been studied and the role of isoforms that lack the RS domain is unclear. We show that genes Rbp1 and Rbp1-like, which encode Drosophila homologs of mammalian SRp20, negatively autoregulate and crossregulate at the level of alternative 3′ splice site selection. This adjusts the relative expression of isoforms with either an RS domain or unrelated C-terminal domains (ALT) that are rich in serine and threonine. The effects of RBP1-ALT on splicing of doublesex and Rbp1-like are opposite to those of RBP1-RS and RBP1L-RS. RBP1-ALT and -RS exert opposing negative feedback on the ALT/RS ratio. However, RBP1-ALT inhibits the expression of RBP1-RS while stimulating that of RBP1L-RS. This asymmetry may contribute to changes in the RBP1-RS/RBP1L-RS ratio that are observed during development. These results provide the first example of a feedback-regulated SR protein network with evidence of an active homeostatic role for alternative isoforms.
The synergistic leadership theory

Modernist theories in leadership were traditionally dominated by masculine incorporation and lacked feminine presence in development and language. The synergistic theory of leadership (SLT) seeks to explicate the need for a post‐modernist leadership theory by providing an alternative to, and not a replacement for, traditional theories. Six aspects particular to the SLT influence the ideas and include issues concerning diversity and the inclusion of the female voice in the theory. Four factors are key to the relational and interactive nature of the theory, which provides a useful framework for building and understanding the interdependent relationships. In a tetrahedron model, the theory uses four factors, including leadership behavior, organizational structure, external forces, and attitudes, beliefs, and values to demonstrate aspects not only of leadership but its effects on various institutions and positions. Developed through a qualitative approach, the theory has been validated qualitatively and quantitatively nationwide and is currently being validated internationally.
Shape of nanometer-size supported gold clusters studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract The shape of preformed spherical Au clusters with radii varying from 1 to 6 nm has been studied with the scanning tunneling microscope after deposition onto flat Au substrates. The supported clusters are found to resemble spherical caps with radii of curvature greater than and not strongly correlated with the original free-space radii. Measurements revealed that ∼ 80% of the clusters studied have a radius of curvature lying between 10 and 30 nm. A continuum model to interpret this result indicates that clusters with radii less than a critical value, characteristic of the cluster material, are stressed beyond their elastic limit and can deform so as to decrease their surface free energy even at temperatures well below their melting point.
Development of a nationally representative built environment measure of access to exercise opportunities.

We sought to develop a county-level measure to evaluate residents’ access to exercise opportunities. Data were acquired from Esri, DeLorme World Vector (MapMart), and OneSource Global Business Browser (Avention). Using ArcGIS (Esri), we considered census blocks to have access to exercise opportunities if the census block fell within a buffer area around at least 1 park or recreational facility. The percentage of county residents with access to exercise opportunities was reported. Measure validity was examined through correlations with other County Health Rankings & Roadmaps’ measures. Included were 3,114 of 3,141 US counties. The average population with access to exercise opportunities was 52% (range, 0%–100%) with large regional variation. Access to exercise opportunities was most notably associated with no leisure-time physical activity (r = −0.47), premature death (r = −0.38), and obesity (r = −0.36). The measure uses multiple sources to create a valid county-level measure of exercise access. We highlight geographic disparities in access to exercise opportunities and call for improved data. Background
Allosteric interactions between the two non-equivalent nucleotide binding domains of multidrug resistance protein MRP1.

Membrane transporters of the adenine nucleotide binding cassette (ABC) superfamily utilize two either identical or homologous nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Although the hydrolysis of ATP by these domains is believed to drive transport of solute, it is unknown why two rather than a single NBD is required. In the well studied P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter, the two appear to be functionally equivalent, and a strongly supported model proposes that ATP hydrolysis occurs alternately at each NBD (Senior, A. E., al-Shawi, M. K., and Urbatsch, I. L. (1995) FEBS Lett 377, 285–289). To assess how applicable this model may be to other ABC transporters, we have examined adenine nucleotide interactions with the multidrug resistance protein, MRP1, a member of a different ABC family that transports conjugated organic anions and in which sequences of the two NBDs are much less similar than in P-glycoprotein. Photoaffinity labeling experiments with 8-azido-ATP, which strongly supports transport revealed ATP binding exclusively at NBD1 and ADP trapping predominantly at NBD2. Despite this apparent asymmetry in the two domains, they are entirely interdependent as substitution of key lysine residues in the Walker A motif of either impaired both ATP binding and ADP trapping. Furthermore, the interaction of ADP at NBD2 appears to allosterically enhance the binding of ATP at NBD1. Glutathione, which supports drug transport by the protein, does not enhance ATP binding but stimulates the trapping of ADP. Thus MRP1 may employ a more complex mechanism of coupling ATP utilization to the export of agents from cells than P-glycoprotein.
Competitive Adsorption of 2-Ketogluconate and Inorganic Ligands onto Gibbsite and Kaolinite

The low-molecular-mass organic acid anion 2-ketogluconate (kG) is produced via microbial activity in rhizosphere soils. One of the mechanisms by which this organic ligand may influence the chemistry of soil systems is through adsorption by constant-potential minerals. This study examined the adsorption of kG onto gibbsite and kaolinite in the presence or absence of PO 4 , AsO 4 , and SO 4 as a function of pH and ionic strength. The adsorption edge studies were performed in the pH 3 to 10 range and at ambient (20-22°C) temperatures. The adsorption of kG is a function of solution pH (decreasing with increasing pH) and independent of solution ionic strength, supporting the conclusion that kG is adsorbed by ligand exchange mechanisms. The adsorption of kG was decreased at all pH values in the presence of PO 4 and ASO 4 , and was not significantly affected by the presence of SO 4 at pH values >5. The decrease in kG adsorption in the presence of AsO 4 and PO 4 is further evidence that kG is adsorbed via specific retention mechanisms. The addition of kG to gibbsite containing preadsorbed PO 4 did not result in PO 4 displacement, regardless of the concentration of kG. Ligand adsorption was modeled using the adsorption edge data and the 1-pK basic Stern surface complexation model. The kG adsorption data was described by the formation of two inner-sphere surface species: mononuclear monodentate and binuclear bidentate. The chemical models and associated intrinsic equilibrium constants developed to describe ligand adsorption in single-adsorbate gibbsite systems were used to predict ligand retention in the kaolinite and binary-adsorbate systems. In this manner, the competitive adsorption of all ligands as a function of pH was adequately described. The findings of this study indicate that kG is specifically retained by common soil minerals and may impact the availability of PO 4 and other specifically retained ligands in the rhizosphere.
Integrating console and event-driven models in CS1

In this paper, we describe techniques of integrating the traditional, object-oriented console model with an object-oriented, event-driven model of programming in the first course. We present a design methodology successfully used to provide a transition from the console model to an event-driven model, relating both to problem-solving strategies.
Liquid Soldiers: Fluidity and Gang Membership

This study investigates relational gang dynamics through qualitative in-depth interviewing with former gang members. Assumed gang process such as violent initiation rituals required for entrance and violent episodes when leaving a gang are called into question by the narratives of former gang members. Furthermore, the lines of inclusion for gangs are not clear, especially in regards to affiliates and associates, which may lead to some confusion about gangs from outside observers in the law enforcement and research arenas.
Algebraic Equivalence of Matrix Inversion, Elimination, and Absorption for Use in Animal Breeding

Abstract The equivalence of several methods of solving linear simultaneous equations is demonstrated for use in teaching applied animal breeding. Matrix notation represents equations concisely and allows ease of algebraic treatment.
Product spaces and the stone-weierstrass theorem

Abstract A space X is said to be completely Hausdorff if C ( X ), the set of bounded continuous real valued functions defined on X , is point separating. A completely Hausdorff space X is called an SW space if every point separating subalgebra of C ( X ) which contains the constants is uniformly dense in C ( X ). The purpose of this paper is to show that there exists an SW space whose product with itself is not an SW space. Since a topological space is SW if and only if it is completely Hausdorff-closed, this result will solve Problem 4 of a recent survey of P-closed spaces by Berri et al. [2]. We will also answer a question of Scarborough and Stone [5] by showing that their property R( i ) is not productive.
A growth-irrigation scheduling model for wastewater use in forest production

Abstract Applying wastewater and sludge to land for remediation has been recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a method to recycle nutrient and organic matter and conserve water resources. The level of sewage treatment can range from simple primary treatment using a lagoon to tertiary treatment using a standard wastewater treatment plant. Small communities are selecting primary treatment and land application as the most cost-effective way of treating municipal wastewater. Wastewater was used to irrigate an Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation in Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico. The overall objective of the research was to develop a daily growth-irrigation scheduling model (GISM) for Eucalyptus tree plantations based on the trees’ water needs with the source of irrigation water being wastewater from a lagoon sewage treatment system. A second objective was to check this model against measured growth data to determine the limitations of using a simple irrigation-scheduling model to manage the irrigation system to maximize tree growth and wood production. The GISM calculated the evapotranspiration (Et) from the volume balance soil water model and a tree biomass sub-model, based on a water use efficiency (WUE) (biomass/Et) that partitions biomass determined from Et into the component parts of leaves and stems plus branches. The water balance portion of the model computes the Et for grass growing between the trees until a closed canopy system is reached. Weather data and a soil water stress function were used to calculate Et based on calculated reference Et and crop coefficients (Kcs) for both the trees and grass scaled to nonstressed Et. The GISM model accurately modeled height and diameter growth, although, it slightly overestimated the height growth of Eucalyptus for the high irrigation treatment in the second and the third years. The GISM model was successful in predicting height and diameter growth within a 95% confidence level of the measured height and diameter of the trees under all irrigation treatments. Based on the modeled and measured data analysis, the GISM model can be a useful tool to predict tree growth and schedule irrigations for Eucalyptus tree plantations, understand the trees response to environmental and water stress, and to provide better analyses for future research efforts. The climate-driving variables (temperature and rainfall) needed by the model are readily available for any location in the world from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
A potential cardiovascular mechanism for the behavioral effects of central and peripheral arginine vasotocin

Abstract Few studies have attempted to separate the behavior modulating actions of central and peripheral arginine vasotocin/arginine vasopressin (AVT/AVP) from their roles in the endocrine and cardiovascular stress response. This series of experiments explored the relative contributions of AVT’s central and peripheral mechanisms on altering behavior while simultaneously investigating AVT’s effects on the behavioral, cardiovascular, and corticosteroid responses to acute stressors in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ). Results illustrated peripheral AVT’s ability to decrease feeding, drinking, preening, and overall activity. Effects on feeding, drinking, and preening were similar after AVT injection into the lateral ventricles, but the central effects were not blocked by dPTyr(Me)AVP, a selective AVT receptor blocker. This suggests that AVT’s behavioral effects may not depend solely on a receptor mediated central mechanism. However, both central and peripheral AVT attenuated heart rate independent of increased plasma corticosterone. These data suggest that AVT’s behavioral effects may be modulated by a corticosterone-independent cardiovascular mechanism.
Enhanced spatial discrimination learning in rats following 5,7-DHT-induced serotonergic deafferentation of the hippocampus.

Learning in rats trained in the Stone 14-unit T-maze, a complex, positively reinforced spatial discrimination task was assessed following cytotoxic (5,7-dihydroxytryptamine; 5,7-DHT) deafferentation of the serotonergic inputs to the hippocampus. Serotonergic deafferentation was accomplished by infusing the cytotoxin in to the fornix-fimbria/cingulum bundle. Lesioned rats reached criterion (i.e. learned) in significantly fewer trials and made significantly fewer errors throughout training than either vehicle-injected or sham-operated controls. This represents the first time that the effects of selective chronic destruction of serotonergic inputs to the hippocampus have been investigated. The present results provide, therefore, evidence in support of a neuromodulatory role for serotonin (5-HT) within the rat hippocampus in the mediation of the processes underlying learning and memory for this task. Other studies are, therefore, warranted in order to determine whether hippocampal 5-HT also plays a role in the mediation of the processes underlying learning and memory in other types of tasks.
A Function of Forgiveness: Exploring the Relationship Between Negative Mood and Forgiving

Over the past two decades, researchers have described many facets of forgiveness. Presently, we explore the mood regulatory properties of forgiveness. The mental and physical health benefits associated with forgiveness are well documented, and it has been suggested that these benefits may be due to the negative affect regulating properties of forgiveness. However, the relationship between forgiveness and negative affect has not been studied experimentally. We conducted three studies designed to explore the relationship between mood and forgiveness. Results showed that participants induced with a negative mood were more likely to forgive a hypothetical transgression than those in a neutral mood, a moderate level of negativity was associated with a greater likelihood of forgiveness, and participants who forgave a hypothetical transgression experienced less negative affect than participants who did not forgive. Implications of the present results and directions for future research are discussed.