cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depressed mothers' and their infants' interactions with nondepressed partners

Twenty depressed adolescent mothers were videotaped interacting with their own infant and with the infant of a nondepressed mother. In addition. nondepressed mothers were videotaped with their own infant as well as with the infant of a depressed mother. Depressed mothers showed less facial expressivity than nondepressed mothers and received less optimal interaction rating scale scores (a sum- mary score for state, physical activity, head orientation, gaze, silence during gaze aversion, facial expres- sions, vocalizations, infantized behavior, contingent responsivity, and gameplaying). This occurred in- dependent of whether they were interacting with their own infant versus an infant of a nondepressed mother, suggesting that depressed mothers display less optimal behaviors to infants in general. The infants of both depressed and nondepressed mothers received better head orientation and summary ratings when they were interacting with another mother, perhaps because the other mother was more novel. Infants of nondepressed mothers, in particular, had better summary ratings (state, physical activity, head onenta- tion, gaze, facial expressions, fussiness, and vocalizations) than the infants of depressed mothers when interacting with depressed mothers. Thus, it may be thathfants of nondepressed mothers are generally better interaction partners than infants of depressed mothers. Another related possibility is that they per- sist longer in trying to elicit a response from mothers less responsive than their own, given that they have learned to expect a response to their behavior.
Gene encoding cytoskeletal proteins in Drosophila rhabdomeres.

Abstract The ninaC gene is one of eight nina (neither inactivation nor afterpotential) genes identified from mutations that drastically reduce the amount of rhodopsin in the compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster. The gene has been cytogenetically localized to the 27E-28B region of the second chromosome. NaDodSO4/PAGE analysis of eye proteins of flies carrying one, two, or three copies of the ninaC region shows that two eye-specific proteins of molecular weight 170,000 and 130,000 display a strong dependence on the dosage of the ninaC gene, although the dependence is evident only when the dosage is decreased and not when it is increased. All mutations in the ninaC gene studied to date have pronounced effects on these two polypeptides. These results suggest that the ninaC locus encodes these two polypeptides. Ultrastructural studies show that the polypeptides encoded by ninaC are very likely to be important components of the cytoskeletal structure of rhabdomeral microvilli.
Patellar Dislocation in Skeletally Immature Athletes

Patellar dislocations are common in skeletally immature athletes, with several anatomic factors placing athletes at risk of dislocation owing to the complex 3-dimensional motion of the patellar articulation. Although there is a paucity of prospective studies on patellar dislocations, the available evidence suggests significant redislocation rate and persistent knee dysfunction with nonoperative or operative treatment. Evaluation of the skeletally immature patient should consist of a detailed history and physical examination with radiologic testing and treatment protocols chosen judiciously. Surgical approaches should take into consideration physeal anatomy about the knee. Regardless of treatment protocol, all patients should undergo early physical therapy with gradual return to sport.
Frontiers in the Ca2+ Regulation of the BKca Channel

Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa channels) sense and respond to near-membrane Ca2+ in the micromolar range, and in so doing provide feedback control over such processes as smooth muscle contraction and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. They are unique among ion channels in that they are both ligand and voltage dependent, and they are unique among Ca2+-binding proteins in that they contain no canonical Ca2+-binding motifs and their apparent affinity for Ca2+ is strongly voltage dependent. In my laboratory we have been interested in determining the number of Ca2+ binding sites the BKCa channel contains, their affinities when the channel is open and closed, and to what extent these affinities are affected by membrane voltage and the expression of the BKCa β1 subunit. I will discuss the results of experiments we have performed to address these issues and place them in the context of the exciting crystal structures published this year that give us the first structural view of the BKCa channel's Ca2+ sensing mechanism.
Reactive sputtering of (Co,Fe) nitride thin films on TiN-bufferd Si

Epitaxial (Co,Fe) nitride films were prepared on TiN buffered Si(001) substrates by dual-target reactive co-sputtering method. With lower Co content, thin films mainly consist of (Co x Fe1−x )4N phase. With higher Co content, STEM EELS found no N signal in the thin film, and, combined with XRD results, shows that fcc Co is the main phase of the thin films instead of Co4N. The N2 atmosphere is helpful to induce the fcc Co phase formation during dual-target reactive co-sputtering deposition. For the films with less Co content, the RT magnetization measurements show similar magnetic properties as epitaxial Fe4N(001) films, while increasing the Co content, the resulting fcc Co thin films show biaxial anisotropy with the [110] in-plane easy axis.
Patterns and controls of chlorophyll-a and primary productivity cycles in the Southern California Bight

Abstract Factors that influence the magnitude and the depth of the chlorophyll maximum layer in the ocean off Southern California are explored using observations from the long-term California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program. The data record is sufficiently long to reveal patterns not always evident from single stations or single cruises. Processes such as coastal wind-driven upwelling, geostrophic circulation, and annual physical and chemical cycles are illustrated to demonstrate their effect on euphotic zone nutrient availability, and subsequent phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. In this area, where the influence of wind-driven upwelling is spatially restricted and advected waters are generally nutrient depleted, geostrophically induced upwelling and winter convection become important in determining spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton.
Dynamics of phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays

Time‐dependent coupled mode theory is used to investigate the stability of phase‐locked semiconductor laser arrays. The output of individual array elements is dynamically unstable and exhibits large amplitude chaotic pulsations. The total output initially exhibits damped relaxation oscillations and then settles down to a quasi‐steady state characterized by small amplitude fluctuations. The theory predicts both the pulsation frequency and the phase lock‐in time of the array.
Atrial natriuretic factor, digoxin-like immunoreactive substance, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and plasma renin activity in human fetuses and their alteration by fetal disease.

Abstract We measured five hormones presumably involved in fetal homeostasis in specimens obtained by cordocentesis for clinical indications from 106 fetuses. Norms for atrial natriuretic factor, digoxin-like immunoreactive substance, plasma renin activity, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were derived from fetuses ultimately shown to be free of detectable abnormality. Atrial natriuretic factor, digoxin-like immunoreactive substance, and plasma renin activity were unrelated to umbilical vessel source or gestational age. Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance was directly related to Pco 2 ( r = 0.63, p = 0.02). Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance level was elevated in all fetal disease states studied except isoimmunization. The level of atrial natriuretic factor was elevated in fetuses with immune hydrops (NS). Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were higher in the umbilical artery than in the vein ( p = 0.05 and 0.006, respectively). There was a significant correlation between norepinephrine and gestational age in normal fetuses ( r = 0.7637, p 2 being the major determinants. Most disease states were associated with an elevated norepinephrine concentration. There was a negative correlation between plasma renin activity and base deficit ( p p
Increased Cellular Uptake of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat Protein after Modification with Biotin

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein can efficiently enter cells when added exogenously in tissue culture. Using the transactivation activity of Tat as a measure of intracellular delivery, we found that the addition of hydrophobic groups to Tat potentiated its uptake. Biotin was the most promising of the reagents tested and we characterized this effect in more detail. When coupled through a cysteine thiol, the addition of a single biotin to Tat increased activity by about six-fold. Increased activity was only seen with reducible biotin analogs, as modification with noncleavable analogs is known to block Tat transactivation activity. Biotin had no effect on Tat uptake when mixed with Tat without cross-linking. Recently, Tat was used as a carrier to direct the uptake of heterologous proteins into cells. We have used RNase as a model system for studying Tat-mediated uptake and found that biotin also increased the delivery of a Tat37-58-RNase conjugate. The increased uptake of Tat and Tat conjugates by addition of hydrophobic groups may significantly enhance the usefulness of Tat as a delivery vehicle, and the approach may be applicable to other systems.
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome associated with lymphangiomyomatous lesions.

Bannayan-Zonana syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition that has not been weii described in the dermatoiogy literature. The typical case is characterized by macrocephaly, multipie angiomas, and muitiple encapsulated or infiltrating iipomas. As in other autosomai dominant hamartoneopiastic syndromes, the degree of expression within one family frequently varies wideiy. Our patient had macrocephaly and angiomas as well as iipomas with peculiar histoiogic features simiiar to lymphangiomyomas. Her father had a iarge nevus flameus on his leg, and Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. The paternai grandfather had multiple encapsulated Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. Neither father nor grandfather had macrocephaly.
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly: role of the pharmacist in a multidisciplinary health care team

Intensive glycemic control using insulin therapy may be appropriate for many healthy older adults to reduce premature mortality and morbidity, improve quality of life, and reduce health care costs. However, frail elderly people are more prone to develop complications from hypoglycemia, such as confusion and dementia. Overall, older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than from intermittent hyperglycemia; therefore, diabetes management should always include CVD prevention and treatment in this patient population. Pharmacists can provide a comprehensive medication review with subsequent recommendations to individualize therapy based on medical and cognitive status. As part of the patient’s health care team, pharmacists can provide continuity of care and communication with other members of the patient’s health care team. In addition, pharmacists can act as educators and patient advocates and establish patient-specific goals to increase medication effectiveness, adherence to a medication regimen, and minimize the likelihood of adverse events.
Nineteenth century roots of quasideterminants

Abstract In this expository paper I provide a complete record of the nineteenth century publications that bear on the development of quasideterminants in the twentieth century. Two important recursive feasible algorithms, Sylvester’s from 1851 and Dodgson’s from 1866 are discussed, and the antecedents of both are traced back to work by Jacobi.
APOE ε4 allele and CSF APOE on Cognition in HIV-Infected Subjects

The significance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Apolipoprotein E (APOE) level and whether it might have differential effects on brain function due to the presence of APOE e 4 allele(s) in HIV-infected patients are unknown. However, APOE e 4 allele has been associated with greater incidence of HIV-associated dementia and accelerated progression of HIV infection. Here, we show further evidence for the role of APOE e 4 in promoting cognitive impairment. We measured the APOE levels in the CSF of HIV-infected individuals. HIV+ subjects showed lower CSF APOE proteins than SN controls (-19%, p= 0.03). While SN subjects with or without e 4 allele showed no difference in CSF APOE levels, e 4+ HIV+ subjects had similar levels to the SN subjects but higher levels than e 4- HIV+ subjects (+34%, p= 0.01). Furthermore, while HIV+ subjects with e 2 or e 3 allele(s) showed a positive relationship between their CSF APOE levels and cognitive performance on the speed of processing domain (r= +0.35, p= 0.05), e 4+ HIV+ subjects, in contrast, exhibited a negative relationship such that those with higher levels of CSF APOE(4) performed worse on the HIV Dementia Scale (r= -0.61, p= 0.02), had lower Global Cognitive Scores (r= -0.57, p= 0.03), and had poorer performance on tests involving learning (e 4 allele x [APOE] interaction, p = 0.01). Our findings also suggest that the relatively higher levels of CSF APOE in e 4+ HIV+ (having primarily APOE4 isoforms) may negatively impact the brain and lead to poorer cognitive outcomes, while those individuals without the e 4 allele (with primarily APOE2 or APOE3 isoforms) may show compensatory responses that lead to better cognitive performance.
Development of switching tubes for controlled fusion research

Conventional ignitrons have required extensive improvements to increase their current and voltage ratings to the high values required for controlled nuclear fusion research. A 4-year program to develop these improved tubes and the results achieved are described.
‘I Could Teach You How to Choose Right’: Using Holocaust Memoir to Teach Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice

The article examines the problems of teaching William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice after the Holocaust, arguing that even though the play is anti-Semitic, it can become a valuable teaching tool when placed in the context of the Holocaust memoirs Dry Tears by Nechama Tec and The Nazi Officer’s Wife by Edith Hahn Beer. These two texts show remarkable similarities with The Merchant of Venice. Discussing the effect on authors of these memoirs of ghetto life, persistent anti-Semitism and forced conversion can help students see Shylock as sympathetic and the play as tragic rather than comic.
Anterior femoroacetabular impingement: A clinical presentation

SUMMARYFemoroacetabular impingement is a cause of groin pain, which frequently afflicts young, active patients. Patients with irregularities in the morphology of the proximal femoral head–neck junction are at risk for developing impingement of the acetabular labrum. Furthermore, the cam effect cause
Ant predation on an invasive herbivore: can an extrafloral nectar-producing plant provide associational resistance to Opuntia individuals?

The legume Chamaecrista fasciculata attracts ants to its extrafloral nectar (EFN) which can lead to reduced herbivory and increased fecundity for the plant. In Florida, Opuntia stricta and O. humifusa, hosts of the invasive moth Cactoblastis cactorum, are often found growing in close association with C. fasciculata. We tested the hypotheses that O. stricta and O. humifusa individuals have higher ant abundance, lower levels of herbivore damage, and increased growth when growing in close association with C. fasciculata compared with individuals not growing near the plant. We also experimentally placed C. cactorum eggsticks and pupae on Opuntia individuals to see if ant predation of these stages occurred, and if so, whether predation rates were higher on individuals growing close to C. fasciculata. Opuntia plants near C. fasciculata were less likely to be attacked by C. cactorum and had higher ant abundance than plants far from C. fasciculata. Field surveys showed that Opuntia plants near C. fasciculata had a lower proportion of cladodes with C. cactorum damage of any type. Proportions of cladodes with damage from five native herbivores were not significantly different between treatments. In addition, Opuntia individuals growing near C. fasciculata added proportionately more pads during the growing season. We found evidence of ant predation on 15.9% of C. cactorum eggsticks and 17.6% of pupae. In August and October of 2008, there was significantly more evidence of predation on eggs and pupae placed on Opuntia individuals near C. fasciculata. No effect of distance to C. fasciculata was seen in November of 2008, potentially because plants were no longer producing EFN at this time. Our finding that Opuntia plants close to C. fasciculata show reduced herbivory from invasive C. cactorum, but not from the native herbivores examined, suggests that patterns of associational resistance may be influenced by the co-evolutionary history of the organisms in question.
Two-Dimensional Subsonic Flow of Compressible Fluids

The basic concept of the present paper is to use a tangent line to the adiabatic pressure-volume curve as an approximation to the curve itself. First, the general characteristics of such a fluid are shown. Then in Section I a theory is developed which can be applied to flows with velocities approaching that of sound, whereas the theory of Demtchenko and Busemann only give an approximation for flows with velocities smaller than one-half of the sound velocity. This is done by a generalization of the method of approximation to the adiabatic relation by a tangent line, conceived jointly by Th. von Karman and the author. The theory is put into a form by which, knowing the incompressible flow over a body, the compressible flow over a similar body can be calculated. The theory is then applied to calculate the flow over elliptic cylinders. In Section II the work of H. Bateman is applied to this approximate adiabatic fluid and the results obtained are essentially the same as those obtained in Section I.
Avoidance of steroids by the early use of infliximab and 6-mercaptopurine in an adolescent with active Crohn's colitis

Avoidance of steroids by the early use of infliximab and 6-mercaptopurine in an adolescent with active Crohn's colitis
Argon loss during deformation of micas: constraints from laboratory deformation experiments

The role of internal deformation in resetting argon ages of micas has been investigated by measuring 40Ar/39Ar ratios of biotite and muscovite, before and after experimentally deforming them. Neither mica crushed cataclastically at room temperature on-line with a mass spectrometer showed any measurable change in 40Ar/39Ar age. Muscovite crystals either sheared along the K-interlayer and/or kinked at 400 °C and 100–200 MPa confining pressure, exhibit small (0.7–1.0%) reductions in age and marked increases in bulk diffusion coefficients, as determined from argon release during the initial stages of step-heating between 550 and 810 °C. We conclude that the relatively young ages of fine-grained mica populations in naturally deformed mylonites result primarily from grain size refinement and reductions in length scale for volume diffusion and/or by syntectonic neocrystallization. Internal deformation involving dislocation slip and kinking may contribute to some argon loss by pipe diffusion, but reductions in closure temperature associated with multipath diffusion are small.
Social Perception and Initial Liking as a Function of Prior Exposure to an Arousing Situation, Target Variability, and Attitude Similarity-Dissimilarity.

The purpose of this study was to test Byrne and Clore's hypothesis that at high levels of “effectance motivation” (produced by exposure to a confusing and non-predictable stimulus situation) the similarity-liking effect is lessened because individuals become less sensitive to environmental variation. 240 Ss were randomly assigned to conditions in which (1) the attitude responses of a target person were either variable or constant, (2) the target's attitudes were similar to S‘s own on 17, 50, or 83% of the topics, and (3) Ss were exposed either to a control movie or to a confusing and unpredictable video tape prior to evaluating the target. Results indicated that target variability and similarity significantly affected both perception and liking of the target and that arousal produced by the video tape dampened the similarity-liking effect. Contrary to Byrne and Clore's hypothesis, however, arousal did not reduce sensitivity to environmental variation. It was concluded that these data require revision of t...
Long-range modeling of worldwide energy development and supplies—outline of formulation and applications

Abstract This paper reviews a time-dynamic linear programming model designed to assist in the analysis of world-wide energy resource development and processing activities over a 20–30 year time horizon. The model includes explicit representation of exploration and production operations for all energy minerals, as well as of the downstream supply, conversion and distribution of the different energy forms, including interfuel substitution alternatives. The characteristics of the computational support system are highlighted, and the potential applications of the model in regard to technology assessment, policy evaluation and data sensitivity analysis are outlined.
Hybrid P3HT/CdSe Photovoltaic Cells: Effects of Nanocrystal Size and Device Aging

Hybrid solar cells based on conjugated polymers and colloidally synthesized inorganic nanoparticles have been recognized as an alternative to all-organic solar cells due to the intrinsically higher charge transport property in inorganic component. In this work, CdSe nanoparticles with different sizes, served as the electron acceptor, have been used together with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the active layer for the hybrid solar cells. The power-conversion efficiency (ηp) of these devices strongly depends on the size of the CdSe nanoparticles, increasing from ηp ˜0.5% for 4.0 nm size nanoparticles to ηp ˜2.4% for 6.8 nm size nanoparticles under AM 1.5 G solar illumination. Furthermore, the devices also exhibit an unusual initial aging period when exposed to the air, which results in a significant enhancement in the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency.
Fluorescence multiplexing with time-resolved and spectral discrimination using a near-IR detector

We report on the design and performance of a two-color, time-resolved detector for the acquisition of both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data acquired in real time during the capillary gel electrophoresis separation of DNA sequencing fragments. The detector consisted of a pair of pulsed laser diodes operating at 680 and 780 nm. The diode heads were coupled directly to single-mode fibers, which were terminated into a single fiber mounted via a FC/PC connector to the detector body. The detector contained a dichroic filter, which directed the dual-laser beams to an objective. The objective focused the laser light into a capillary gel column and also collected the resulting fluorescence emission. The dual-color emission was transmitted through the dichroic and focused onto a multimode fiber (core diameter 50 μm), which carried the luminescence to a pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The emission was sorted spectrally using a second dichroic onto one of two SPADs and isolated using a...
Synthesis of Collagen-like Peptide Polymers by Native Chemical Ligation

We report on the synthesis of high molecular weight collagen-like peptide polymers prepared by a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis, polymerization, and self-assembly. The final product is a mesh of nanofibers that maintains the characteristic circular dichroism signal for collagen triple helices and the nanofiber diameter is 10−20 nm, similar to natural collagen fibrils. This method utilizes an N-terminal cysteine and C-terminal thioester to achieve selective head to tail polymerization of peptides without the need for protecting groups and under neutral aqueous conditions in which the peptide may adopt a folded conformation. The synthesized peptide polymers were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Physical and emotional responses of expectant fathers throughout pregnancy and the early postpartum period

A comparative, repeated measures survey design was used to monitor the physical and emotional health of 81 expectant fathers and 66 non-expectant men over the course of a year at monthly intervals. A total of 877 monthly data collection episodes were completed. Compared to non-expectant men, expectant fathers were found to experience relatively similar patterns of both physical and emotional symptoms throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy. However, expectant fathers' health was found to differ significantly from that of non-expectant men during the immediate postpartum period with a greater incidence of emotional discomforts as well as total number of symptoms, their duration and perceived seriousness. Included are recommendations for anticipatory health counseling to promote health in expectant fathers.
Role of positive ion vacancies and F centers in positron annihilation in KCl

Abstract Positron lifetime spectra for good quality, high purity crystals have been resolved into three components. The two shorter-lived components are independent of radiation-induced defects. Only τ 3 and I 3 are affected by changing the positive-ion vacancy and F-center concentrations over wide ranges.
Fundamental Neutron Physics

Abstract A precise connection between V ud , g A ≡ G A /G V and r n is reviewed. Implications for CKM unitarity and muon capture are discussed. The neutron electric dipole moment and CP violation in H → yy are related. Δ B = 2 n oscillations are shown to probe the neutron's Majorana nature and provide a possible paradigm for dark matter behavior.
Vigilance and aggregation in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)

Animals are expected to reduce per capita vigilance with increasing group size. Widespread support for this expectation has been found in studies of birds and ungulates. Primate vigilance patterns appear to differ, but studies of primates may have sampled groups with too many members to detect intergroup differences in vigilance. We tested this idea by measuring individual vigilance rates in wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) living in stable groups of two to ten individuals. No group size effect on vigilance emerged. As in previous studies, inter-individual proximity explained variation in individual vigilance rates. Focal animals with associates within 2 m and with multiple associates in the same tree were less vigilant than isolated animals. Activity and class of focal animals as well as the presence of neonates influenced the average vigilance of adult and subadult black howler monkeys. We conclude that functional explanations must be considered for the general lack of a group size effect on primate vigilance.
Transportation energy policy in the 1980's

Abstract A crtical review of current transportation policies is based on the transportation papers from many countries presented at ICEUM—III. The automobile is recommended as the primary focus of future policy. Information gathering and the coordination of new technology development are identified as the essential government roles.
Neurotrophins alter the numbers of neurotransmitter-ir mature vagal/glossopharyngeal visceral afferent neurons in vitro.

Abstract Mature nodose and petrosal ganglia neurons (placodally derived afferent neurons of the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves) contain TrkA and TrkC, and transport specific neurotrophins [nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4)]. This study evaluated neurotrophin influences on the presence of neuropeptides and/or neurotransmitter enzymes in these visceral sensory neurons. NGF, NT-3 and NT-4 (10–100 ng/ml) were applied (5 days) to dissociated, enriched, cultures of mature nodose/petrosal ganglia neurons, and the neurons processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neurofilament (NF-200) immunocytochemistry. Addition of NGF to nodose/petrosal ganglia neuron-enriched cultures significantly increased the number of TH-immunoreactive (ir) neurons, decreased the number of VIP-ir neurons in the cultures, and did not affect the numbers of CGRP-ir neurons. The addition of an NGF neutralizing antibody attenuated the effects of NGF on TH and VIP-ir neurons. NT-3 increased the number of VIP-ir neurons in the nodose/petrosal ganglia cultures and did not alter the numbers of TH-, or CGRP-ir neurons. The addition of an NT-3 neutralizing antibody attenuated the effects of NT-3 on VIP-ir neurons. NT-4 had no significant effects on the numbers of TH, VIP and CGRP-ir neurons. The absence of neurotrophin-induced changes in the numbers of NF-200-ir neurons in culture showed the lack of neurotrophin-mediated changes in survival of mature vagal afferent neurons. These data demonstrate that specific neurotrophins influence the numbers of neurons labeled for specific neurochemicals in nodose/petrosal ganglia cultures. These data, coupled with previous evidence for the presence of TrkA and TrkC mRNA and of the retrograde transport of NGF and NT-3, suggest important roles for NGF and NT-3 in the maintenance of transmitter phenotype of these mature visceral afferent neurons.
Cardiovascular responses to κ opioid agonists in intact and adrenal demedullated rats

Abstract The effects of three κ opioid agonists namely, bremazocine, tifluadom and U-50,488H were studied on blood pressure and heart rate in urethane-anesthetized normal and bilateral adrenal demedullated rats. Bremazocine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate, while only 0.4 mg/kg bremazocine produced marked hypotension. The effect appeared to be long lasting because even at 60 min following drug administration the decreases in both heart rate and blood pressure continued. Bilateral adrenal demedullation did not change bremazocine- increased fall in blood pressure but the bradycardia was partially blocked. Tifluadom (0.1–0.4 mg/kg i.v.) produced an initial arrest of heart beat followed by bradycardia which recovered in about 60 min. Except for a very transient fall soon after drug administration no significant effect was observed on blood pressure. In adrenal demedullated rats, tifluadom induced initial arrest of heart was not affected but the subsequent bradycardia was blocked. U-50,488H (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg i.v.) produced dose-dependent bradycardia and hypotension both of which were blocked following bilateral adrenal demedullation. Naltrexone methylbromide (MRZ 2663 BR), a quaternary opioid antagonist, injected 5 min prior to U-50,488H, blocked its cardiovascular effects. The results suggest that κ opioid agonists given i.v. depress cardiovascular system and these effects are mediated through the adrenal medulla and peripheral opioid receptors. The differential effects of κ opioid agonists on blood pressure and heart rate suggest that either the three κ agents interact differentially at the κ opioid receptors or the subtypes of receptors for the κ opioid exist.
Conditioned taste aversion from neostigmine or methyl-naloxonium in the nucleus accumbens.

Taylor, K.M. Mark, G.P. Hoebel, B.G. Conditioned taste aversion from neostigmine or methyl-naloxonium in the nucleus accumbens Physiol Behav 00(00):000–000, 2011. An opioid antagonist injected in the nucleus accumbens of a morphine-dependent rat will lower extracellular dopamine and release acetylcholine (ACh), as also seen in opiate withdrawal. It was hypothesized that raising extracellular ACh experimentally would be aversive as reflected by the induction of a conditioned taste aversion. Rats were implanted with cannulas aimed above the nucleus accumbens (NAc) for injection of the opiate antagonist methyl-naloxonium in morphine-dependent animals or neostigmine to increase ACh in drug naive animals. Experiment 1 in addicted rats showed that local morphine withdrawal by local injection of methyl-naloxonium paired with the taste of saccharin induces a conditioned taste aversion. Experiment 2 in non-addicted rats demonstrated the same learned aversion after local administration of the cholinergic agonist neostigmine in the NAc. These results suggest that ACh released in the NAc during opiate withdrawal contributes to the dysphoric, aversive state characteristic of withdrawal. This accumbens system is implicated in the mechanism for generating the memory of an aversive event that is expressed as learned taste aversion.
Cerebellar influence on the micturition reflex.

Abstract Evoked cortical responses were recordable in the anterior vermis of the cerebellum by stimulation of the pelvic detrusor nerve and the portion of the pudendal nerve innervating the external urinary sphincter. Electrical stimulation of the fastigial nucleus depressed the micturition reflex by depressing pelvic motor nerve activity leaving afferent pelvic nerve activity unaffected. Ablation of the anterior vermis in the supracollicular decerebrate cat resulted in a hyperactive micturition reflex with increase in reflex duration. The experimental evidence indicated the cerebellum has a tonic depressant effect on the micturition reflex which is organized in the pontine mesencephalic reticular formation.
On simultaneous colorings of embedded graphs

Abstract In this paper, it is shown that if the maximum degree Δ of a graph is large relative to the genus of the embedding than the edge-face chromatic number of the graph is at most Δ+1 and its vertex-edge-face chromatic number is at most Δ+2 . Both results are best possible.
The importance of Axis II in patients with major depression: A controlled study.

Using a naturalistic study design, we compared 76 depressed patients having a DSM-III personality disorder (PD) to a control group of 152 depressed patients with no personality disorder. The patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a PD were more likely to have had a younger age of onset, to have had prior hospitalizations, to have a longer duration of episode, to have reported more suicidal thoughts, and to have had more suicide attempts both before and after discharge. Patients with MDD and PD were also more likely to have a family history of alcoholism or antisocial personality and less likely to have dexamethasone nonsuppression, although the latter was not statistically significant. Patients with MDD and PD were less likely to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), equally likely to have received antidepressants, and more likely to receive neither ECT nor antidepressants. Patients with MDD and PD had a poorer response to 'adequate' antidepressants, but a similar response to ECT and 'inadequate' antidepressants. Overall, 91 (60%) of MDD patients and 32 (42%) of MDD plus PD patients were recovered at hospital discharge (X2 = 6.43, P less than 0.025). We conclude that the presence of PD in patients with MDD is associated with a different clinical presentation, family history, and poor recovery at hospital discharge.
Methylation of hMLH1 promoter correlates with the gene silencing with a region-specific manner in colorectal cancer

Microsatellite instability is present in over 80% of the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma and about 15-20% of the sporadic cancer. Microsatellite instability is caused by the inactivation of the mismatch repair genes, such as primarily hMLH1, hMSH2. To study the mechanisms of the inactivation of mismatch repair genes in colorectal cancers, especially the region-specific methylation of hMLH1 promoter and its correlation with gene expression, we analysed microsatellite instability, expression and methylation of hMLH1 and loss of heterozygosity at hMLH1 locus in these samples. Microsatellite instability was present in 17 of 71 primary tumours of colorectal cancer, including 14 of 39 (36%) mucinous cancer and three of 32 (9%) non-mucinous cancer. Loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression was detected in nine and three of 16 microsatellite instability tumours respectively. Methylation at CpG sites in a proximal region of hMLH1 promoter was detected in seven of nine tumours that showed no hMLH1 expression, while no methylation was present in normal mucosa and tumours which express hMLH1. However, methylation in the distal region was observed in all tissues including normal mucosa and hMLH1 expressing tumours. This observation indicates that methylation of hMLH1 promoter plays an important role in microsatellite instability with a region-specific manner in colorectal cancer. Loss of heterozygosity at hMLH1 locus was present in four of 17 cell lines and 16 of 54 tumours with normal hMLH1 status, while loss of heterozygosity was absent in all nine cell lines and nine tumours with abnormal hMLH1 status (mutation or loss of expression), showing loss of heterozygosity is not frequently involved in the inactivation of hMLH1 gene in sporadic colorectal cancer.
Solution Phase Interaction of Lindane with Fulvic Acid: Effect of Solution pH and Ionic Strength

Abstract As part of an investigation of the factors influencing the interaction of different classes of pesiticides with humic substances, a study was made of the role of the following physicochemical variables on the adsorption of a typical non-polar pesticide (lindane) by a calibrated fulvic acid fraction which can exist in both colloidal solution and in precipitated form: degree of protonation; ionic atmosphere; and extent of humic matter aggregation. Using the fulvic acid as a typical humic material, and the experimental parameters of pH and ionic strength, along with ultrafiltration techniques, we were able to demonstrate the importance of these physicochemical variables on binding of lindane. From these results predictions could be made about binding mechanisms and environmental implications. The findings are likely to be applicable to all non-polar pesticides having aqueous solubility similar to that of lindane.
Effects of bacterial endotoxin on operant behavior of the rat

Abstract Intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (19–625 μg/kg) depressed lever-pressing responses for food or water rewards in appropriately deprived rats. The responses for discriminated shock-avoidance were much less sensitive to the endotoxin. Single injection of the toxin induced marked tolerance to its behavioral effects.
ON THE TOUCHDOWN-TAKEOFF HYSTERESIS OBSERVED AT THE HEAD-DISK INTERFACE IN HARD DISK DRIVES

The touchdown-takeoff velocity hysteresis observed in hard disk drives during CSS or L/UL tests is analyzed using an experimental approach. Tests similar to L/UL were conducted for different slider-disk combinations at different humidities. Factors affecting the touchdown and takeoff velocity were identified on the basis of their domain of operation. It is concluded that the intermolecular forces and meniscus forces are contributing factors to hysteresis, which is also influenced by disk topography and slider dynamics.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Preventing Timing Analysis in Networks: A Statistical Inference Perspective

Information security requires the protection of not only the contents of data transmitted but also the timing of network operations. Knowledge of timing alone can reveal to an adversary the nature of users' online behavior, including, but not restricted to, Web sites accessed, recipients of e-mails and chat messages, financial resources considered, and more. It is imperative that current network protocols be redesigned to prevent the retrieval of packet timing in a network and limit the "networking" information inferable from the timing. Timing information can be retrieved by adversaries both passive and active: active adversaries masquerade as network users and retrieve the timing of other legitimate users using delays experienced at shared schedulers, while passive adversaries utilize sophisticated snooping equipment to detect timing without actively participating in the network. In this article, a signal processing perspective is presented to study the protection against each kind of adversary, and a path to a unified solution to prevent timing analysis is discussed. Such unified scheduling strategies are shown to require a limited transmission of "dummy" packets to obfuscate the information retrieved by any adversary.
Cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis is regulated by cell-cell interactions in vitro

When CNS precursor cells purified from the external germinal layer of the early postnatal mouse cerebellum are cultured in cellular reaggregates, DNA synthesis increased 10-fold above that of cells dispersed in a monolayer or embedded in a collagen matrix. Dividing precursor cells gave rise to neurons immunopositive for the neural antigens N-CAM, L1, and TAG-1, but not to astroglial cells immunopositive for glial filament protein. Moreover, proliferating precursor cells did not generate other types of cerebellar neurons, as judged by the lack of expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the synthetic enzyme for gamma-amino-n-butyric acid. By contrast, the addition of astroglial cells, or astroglial cell membranes, to cellular reaggregates of granule cell neuroblasts arrested precursor cell DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that homotypic contact interactions among CNS neural progenitors control precursor cell proliferation and fate in generative zones of developing brain.
A Case Study in Using Macroergonomics as a Framework for Business Transformation

This paper presents the results of a case study of an approach for simultaneously investigating an organization's user experience and driving user-centric change within the larger organization. Cal...
Neodymiumi:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser-assisted pulmonary resections

The neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser is a new approach to limited pulmonary resection. It avoids distortion of surrounding pulmonary tissue and potential pleural space problems, which can occur with mechanical stapler resections. We have recently used this laser to manage 39 pulmonary lesions in 20 patients. There were no major postoperative complications, and air leak after resection was minimal. Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser excision is a useful method that may have an advantage over mechanical stapling techniques for the limited resection of many pulmonary lesions.
Expressed sequence tags from Peromyscus testis and placenta tissue: analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping.

Background Mice of the genus Peromyscus are found in nearly every habitat from Alaska to Central America and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They provide an evolutionary outgroup to the Mus/Rattus lineage and serve as an intermediary between that lineage and humans. Although Peromyscus has been studied extensively under both field and laboratory conditions, research has been limited by the lack of molecular resources. Genes associated with reproduction typically evolve rapidly and thus are excellent sources of evolutionary information. In this study we describe the generation of two cDNA libraries, one from placenta and one from testis, characterize the resulting ESTs, and describe their utility for mapping the Peromyscus genome.
Extreme environments and exobiology

Ecological research on extreme environments can be applied to exobiological problems such as the question of life on Mars. If life forms (fossil or extant) are found on Mars, their study will help to solve fundamental questions about the nature of life on Earth. Extreme environments that are beyond the range of adaptability of their inhabitants are defined as "absolute extreme". Such environments can serve as terrestrial models for the last stages of life in the history of Mars, when the surface cooled down and atmosphere and water disappeared. The cryptoendolithic microbial community in porous rocks of the Ross Desert in Antarctica and the microbial mats at the bottom of frozen Antarctic lakes are such examples. The microbial communities of Siberian permafrost show that, in frozen but stable communities, long-term survival is possible. In the context of terraforming Mars, selected microorganisms isolated from absolute extreme environments are considered for use in creation of a biological carbon cycle.
HUMAN PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE.* XXIV.

Five protected peptide fragments occurring in the firsst 27 aniino acid rcsidiies of the HGH molecule have been spithesized miit characteriied. These peptides are:
Phosphorylation and Activation of a cAMP-specific Phosphodiesterase by the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase INVOLVEMENT OF SERINE 54 IN THE ENZYME ACTIVATION

A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4D3) is activated in rat thyroid cells by TSH through a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation (Sette, C., Iona, S., and Conti, M.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 9245-9252). This short term activation may be involved in the termination of the hormonal stimulation and/or in the induction of desensitization. Here, we have further characterized the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of this PDE4D3 variant and identified the phosphorylation site involved in the PDE activation. The PKA-dependent incorporation of phosphate in the partially purified, recombinant rat PDE4D3 followed a time course similar to that of activation. Half-maximal activation of the enzyme was obtained with 0.6 microM ATP and 30 nM of the catalytic subunit of PKA. Phosphorylation altered the Vmax of the PDE without affecting the Km for cAMP. Phosphorylation also modified the Mg2+ requirements and the pattern of inhibition by rolipram. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of the 32P-labeled rat PDE4D3 yielded two or three major phosphopeptide bands, providing a first indication that the enzyme may be phosphorylated at multiple sites in a cell-free system. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the serine residues present at the amino terminus of this PDE in the context of preferred motifs for PKA phosphorylation. The PKA-dependent incorporation of 32P was reduced to the largest extent in mutants with both Ser13 --> Ala and Ser54 --> Ala substitutions, confirming the presence of more than one phosphorylation site in rat PDE4D3. While substitution of serine 13 with alanine did not affect the activation by PKA, substitution of Ser54 completely suppressed the kinase activation. Similar conclusions were reached with wild type and mutated PDE4D3 proteins expressed in MA-10 cells, where the endogenous PKA was activated by dibutyryl cAMP. Again, the PDE with the Ser54 --> Ala substitution could not be activated by the endogenous PKA in the intact cell. These findings support the hypothesis that the PDE4D3 variant contains a regulatory domain target for phosphorylation at the amino terminus of the protein and that Ser54 in this domain plays a crucial role in activation.
K(ATP) channel activity is required for hatching in Xenopus embryos.

A growing body of work sug- gests that the activity of ion channels and pumps is an important regulatory factor in embryonic development. We are beginning to identify func- tional roles for proteins suggested by a survey of expression of ion channel and pump genes in Xenopus and chick embryos (Rutenberg et al. (2002) Dev Dyn 225, this issue). Here, we report that the ATP-sensitive K channel protein is present in the hatching gland of Xenopus em- bryos; moreover, we show that its activity is nec- essary for hatching in Xenopus. Pharmacologic inhibition of KATP channels not only specifically prevents the hatching process but also greatly re- duces the endogenous expression of Connexin-30 in the hatching gland. Based on recent work which showed that gap-junctional communication medi- ated by Cx30 in the hatching gland was required for secretion of the hatching enzyme, we propose that KATP channel activity is upstream of Cx30 ex- pression and represents a necessary endogenous step in the hatching of the Xenopus embryo. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.