cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of 5-fluorouracil host toxicity by 5-(benzyloxybenzyl)barbituric acid acyclonucleoside, a uridine phosphorylase inhibitor, and 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyluridine, a prodrug of uridine.

Abstract Administration of 200 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to mice bearing human colon carcinoma DLD-1 xenografts resulted in 100% mortality. Oral administration of 2000 mg/kg of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyluridine (TAU), a prodrug of uridine, in combination with 120 mg/kg of 5-(benzyloxybenzyl)barbituric acid acyclonucleoside (BBBA), the most potent known inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase, EC 2.4.2.3), 2 hr after the administration of the same dose of FUra completely protected the mice (100% survival) from the toxicity of FUra. This combination also reduced tumor weight by 67% compared with 46% achieved by the maximum tolerated dose (50 mg/kg) of FUra alone. Similarly, administration of BBBA plus TAU 1 hr before or 4 hr after the administration of FUra reduced the tumor weight by 53 and 37%, respectively. However, these schedules were less effective in protecting the host from the toxicity of FUra than when the treatment was carried out at 2 hr after FUra administration. TAU alone did not protect from FUra host toxicity. The efficiency of the BBBA plus TAU combination in rescuing from FUra host toxicities is attributed to the exceptional effectiveness of this combination in raising and maintaining higher plasma uridine concentrations than those achieved by TAU alone or by equimolar doses of uridine (Ashour et al., Biochem Pharmacol 51: 1601–1612, 1996). The present results suggest that the BBBA plus TAU combination can provide a better substitute for the massive doses of uridine required to achieve the high levels of uridine necessary to rescue or protect from FUra host toxicities without the toxic side-effects associated with such doses of uridine. The combination of TAU plus BBBA may also allow the escalation of FUra doses for better chemotherapeutic efficacy. Alternatively, the combination may be used as a rescue regimen in the occasional cases where cancer patients receive a lethal overdose of FUra.
Metabolite quantification and high-field MRS in breast cancer

In vivo 1H MRS is rapidly developing as a clinical tool for diagnosing and characterizing breast cancers. Many in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that alterations in concentrations of choline-containing metabolites are associated with malignant transformation. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to evaluate the role of 1H MRS measurements of total choline-containing compounds in the management of patients with breast cancer. Current technological developments, including the use of high-field MR scanners and quantitative spectroscopic analysis methods, promise to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of breast MRS. This article reviews the literature describing in vivo MRS in breast cancer, with an emphasis on the development of high-field MR scanning and quantitative methods. Potential applications of these technologies for diagnosing suspicious lesions and monitoring response to chemotherapy are discussed.
Observations of the Marine Atmosphere Using a Ship-Mounted Acoustic Echo Sounder

Abstract A monostatic acoustic echo sounder with a vertically-pointed antenna was installed aboard the NOAA research vessel Oceanographer and was tested during a recent cruise in the Pacific and Caribbean Oceans. Acoustic returns produced by turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations were received from up to 300 m in height. The data revealed the existence of a rich variety in the structure of the marine atmosphere. Thermal convective plumes were usually observed when the sea water temperature exceeded the air temperature by as little as 1°C. Under more stable conditions the echo sounder detected the presence of layered structures associated with temperature inversions that were often perturbed by gravity waves or wind shear. Doppler frequency shift of the returned echo signals was used to estimate the vertical velocity of atmospheric scatterers. The results of the tests indicate that it is possible to probe remotely the lower layers of the marine atmosphere from a moving ship using acoustic echo soundin...
Early Verb-Related Vulnerability Among Children With Specific Language Impairment

The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of early grammatical development among very young children with specific language impairment (SLI). Grammatical development was examined for...
A novel assay method for the trace determination of Th and U in copper and lead using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract This study describes a novel sample preparation and assay method developed, primarily in support of the Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment, for the determination of extremely low levels of Th and U in copper and lead shielding components. Meticulously clean sample preparation methods combined with anion exchange separations for analyte pre-concentration and matrix removal were developed. Quantification was performed by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Detection limits of 0.0084 pg 232Th/g (0.034 µBq 232Th/kg) and 0.0106 pg 238U/g (0.131 µBq 238U/kg) were determined for copper, while detection limits of 0.23 pg 232Th/g (0.94 µBq 232Th/kg) and 0.46 pg 238U/g (5.7 µBq 238U/kg) were achieved for lead. These methods allow the Majorana Collaboration to accurately assay detector components and ensure that the experiment׳s stringent radiopurity requirements are met.
Fetal occipital cortical neurones transplanted to the rostral cortex can extend and maintain a pyramidal tract axon.

In adult rats, cortical neurones that send axons through the pyramidal tract are confined to layer V, over the rostral two-thirds of the cerebral hemisphere1–3. However, during the first postnatal week, many neurones in layer V in the occipital cortex (including the visual cortex) also extend axon collaterals through the pyramidal tract and into the spinal cord2,4–6. These occipital corticospinal collaterals are completely eliminated over the subsequent 2 weeks6, although their cells of origin do not die2. We now report that when portions of the occipital cortex from fetal rats are transplanted to more rostral cortical regions of newborn rats, some of the transplanted neurones not only extend axons through the pyramidal tract, but also maintain these axons beyond the stage at which they are normally eliminated. These results suggest that normally-eliminated cortical axons can be ‘rescued’ and, in the case of pyramidal tract neurones, the position of the neurones within the tangential plane of the cortex is a critical factor in determining which neurones retain and which lose their pyramidal tract collaterals.
Zero divisor graphs of semigroups

The zero divisor graph of a commutative semigroup with zero is a graph whose vertices are the nonzero zero divisors of the semigroup, with two distinct vertices joined by an edge in case their product in the semigroup is zero. We continue the study of this construction and its extension to a simplicial complex.
Myogenic potential of satellite cells in skeletal muscle of old rats. A brief note

Muscle satellite cells from old (> 30 months) female Long-Evans rats were isolated and grown in cell culture. Satellite cells differentiated in culture to form multinucleated myotubes that had the ability to accumulate muscle-specific proteins. Therefore, satellite cells exist in muscle through senescence and retain their myogenic potential.
QoS architecture for cloud-based media computing

Cloud computing is the current significant technology trend because of its potential to reduce the cost and increase the productivity. Virtualization is the key enabling technology in cloud computing which maximizes the utilizations of resources to provide the service. Multimedia application over cloud computing has its quality of service (QoS) requirements such as bandwidth and delay. The provision of QoS is challenging in cloud computing environment because of the virtual platforms. This paper proposed an architecture of private cloud for media computing. It addresses the QoS provision mechanisms at the virtualized infrastructure. The paper also presents an example of a low-cost virtualized video streaming server on VMware.
Accurate Video Alignment Using Phase Correlation

In this letter, we present an accurate technique for temporally aligning two video sequences of the same scene captured by nonsynchronized cameras. An iterative procedure is proposed to successively align the sequences in space and time; and the existing two-dimensional phase-correlation method is generalized into three dimensions to achieve subframe accuracy. The ground-truth of subframe temporal alignment is obtained by using supplementary audio signals sampled at a much higher rate. The accuracy of our technique is demonstrated by experimental results using real-world sequences
Product costing systems: Finding the right approach

Many product costing methods and systems exist, but having the right costing system for a given situation can be difficult. This article identifies four key questions to answer and points out the advantages and disadvantages of various cost systems to find the right balance of convenience, correctness, and implementation costs in a product costing system. Nestle, for example, discovered that good product management, aided by better cost systems, can pay major dividends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two-color selection for amplified co-production of proteins in mammalian cells

Structural and functional analyses for many mammalian systems depend on having abundant supplies of recombinant multi-protein complexes that can be produced best, or only, in mammalian cells. We present an efficient fluorescence marking procedure for establishing stable cell lines that overexpress two proteins in co-ordination, and we validate the method in the production of monoclonal antibody Fab fragments. The procedure has worked without fail on all seven of seven trials on Fabs, which are being used in the crystallization of G-protein coupled receptors. This manner of efficient selection may readily be adapted for the co-production of other complexes of two or more proteins.
In-Depth Analysis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus MicroRNA Expression Provides Insights into the Mammalian MicroRNA-Processing Machinery

We have used deep sequencing to analyze the pattern of viral microRNA (miRNA) expression observed in the B-cell line BC-3, which is latently infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We recovered 14.6 × 106 total miRNA cDNA reads, of which a remarkable 92% were of KSHV origin. We detected 11 KSHV miRNAs as well as all 11 predicted miRNA* or passenger strands from the miRNA duplex intermediate. One previously reported KSHV miRNA, miR-K9, was found to be mutationally inactivated. This analysis revealed that the 5′ ends of 10 of the 11 KSHV miRNAs were essentially invariant, with significantly more variation being observed at the 3′ end, a result which is consistent with the proposal that the 5′-proximal region of miRNAs is critical for target mRNA recognition. However, one KSHV miRNA, miR-K10-3p, was detected in two isoforms differing by 1 nucleotide (nt) at the 5′ end that were present at comparable levels, and these two related KSHV miRNAs are therefore likely to target at least partially distinct mRNA populations. Finally, we also report the first detection of miRNA offset RNAs (moRs) in vertebrate somatic cells. moRs, which derive from primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) sequences that immediately flank the mature miRNA and miRNA* strands, were identified flanking one or both sides of nine of the KSHV miRNAs. These data provide new insights into the pattern of miRNA processing in mammalian cells and indicate that this process is highly conserved during animal evolution.
Experimental verification of the dynamic model for a quarter size self-balancing wheelchair

A quarter size scale model of the sitting-standing transporter (SST), a self-balancing wheelchair capable of supporting a person in the sitting and standing position, was designed, constructed, and tested. The scale model represents a loaded wheelchair with only two parallel wheels. The chair and a counter balance are both attached to the main axle and are free to rotate around it. In order to keep the chair in a stable position above the main axle, a state-feedback controller is used to drive the wheels and control the position of the counter balance. The controller used to stabilize the scale model in this research was a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with five inputs and two outputs. The performance of the scale model was evaluated with five tests that represent situations that would be encountered in everyday use of the SST. These tests were also simulated using a nonlinear dynamic model and these simulation results were compared to the experimental results. Based on the comparison between simulation and experimental results, the accuracy of the dynamic model was verified. The dynamic model and the scale model can now be used to provide insights into building a full size SST.
Distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance genes among Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from bovine and human hosts

To better understand the emergence and transmission of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae, we compared phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 52 human and 83 bovine S. agalactiae isolates. Serotypes found among isolates from human hosts included V (48.1%), III (19.2%), Ia and Ib (13.5% each), and II (5.8%). Among isolates from bovine hosts, molecular serotypes III and II were predominant (53 and 14.5%, respectively). Four and 21 different ribotypes were found among human and bovine isolates, respectively. A combination of ribotyping and serotyping showed that two bovine isolates were indistinguishable from human isolates. Resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was more common among human (84.6% and 26.9%, respectively) than bovine (14.5% and 3.6%, respectively) isolates. tetM was found in all tetracycline-resistant human isolates, while tetO was the predominant resistance gene among bovine isolates. tet genes were found among various ribotypes. ermB, ermTR, and mefA were detected among erythromycin-resistant human isolates, while ermB was the only erythromycin resistance determinant among isolates from bovine hosts. For isolates from human hosts, erythromycin resistance genes appeared to be associated with specific ribotypes. We conclude that (i) human and bovine S. agalactiae isolates represent distinct populations; (ii) human host-associated S. agalactiae subtypes may occasionally be transmitted to bovines; (iii) while emergence of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance appears to largely occur independently among human and bovine isolates, occasional cross-species transfer of resistant strains or transmission of resistance genes between human- and bovine-associated subtypes may occur; and (iv) dissemination of antibiotic-resistant S. agalactiae appears to include both clonal spread of resistant strains as well as horizontal gene transfer.
Inference-Based Sensitivity Analysis for Mixed Integer/Linear Programming

A new method of sensitivity analysis for mixed integer/linear programming (MILP) is derived from the idea of inference duality. The inference dual of an optimization problem asks how the optimal value can be deduced from the constraints. In MILP, a deduction based on the resolution method oftheorem proving can be obtained from the branch-and-cut tree that solves the primal problem. One can then investigate which perturbations ofthe problem leave this proof intact. On this basis it is shown that, in a minimization problem, any perturbation that satisfies a certain system of linear inequalities will reduce the optimal value no more than a prespecified amount. One can also give an upper bound on the increase in the optimal value that results from a given perturbation. The method is illustrated on two realistic problems.
Rest Premature Ventricular Contractions on Routine ECG and Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) at rest are frequently seen in heart failure (HF) patients but conflicting data exist regarding their importance for cardiovascular (CV) mortality. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of rest PVCs on an electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with a history of clinical HF. Methods and Results: We considered 352 patients (64 ± 11 years; 7 females) with a history of clinical HF undergoing treadmill testing for clinical reasons at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) (1987–2007). Patients with rest PVCs were defined as having ≥1 PVC on the ECG prior to testing (n = 29; 8%). During a median follow-up period of 6.2 years, there were 178 deaths of which 76 (42.6%) were due to CV causes. At baseline, compared to patients without rest PVCs, those with rest PVCs had a lower ejection fraction (EF) (30% vs 45%) and the prevalence of EF ≤ 35% was higher (75% vs 41%). They were more likely to have smoked (76% vs 55%).The all-cause and CV mortality rates were significantly higher in the rest PVCs group (72% vs 49%, P = 0.01 and 45% vs 20%, P = 0.002; respectively). After adjusting for age, beta-blocker use, rest ECG findings, resting heart rate (HR), EF, maximal systolic blood pressure, peak HR, and exercise capacity, rest PVC was associated with a 5.5-fold increased risk of CV mortality (P = 0.004). Considering the presence of PVCs during exercise and/or recovery did not affect our results. Conclusion: The presence of PVC on an ECG is a powerful predictor of CV mortality even after adjusting for confounding factors. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(1):56–62
Reliable link initialization procedures

It is known that HDLC (high-level data link control) and other bit-oriented DLC procedures ensure data transmission reliability across noisy transmission media, provided that all frame errors are detected and the link processes are synchronized at initialization. It is shown that the HDLC initialization procedure does not ensure synchronization and allows inadvertent loss of data. Several link initialization procedures are proposed and it is proved that they do ensure synchronization. >
REVERSING A HISTORY OF UNMET NEEDS: Approaches to Care for Persons With Co‐occurring Addictive and Mental Disorders

Individuals with co-occurring addictive and mental disorders are particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes. Historically, they have been treated either in mental health or addiction service settings and sometimes excluded from receiving any services at all. This article presents an overview of the prevalence and clinical correlates of co-occurring disorders, and of the historical development of separate care systems for mental and addictive disorders. The articles that follow address future treatment and service system development.
Self-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for classification applications

This paper presents a self-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (SANFIS) that is capable of self-adapting and self-organizing its internal structure to acquire a parsimonious rule-base for interpreting the embedded knowledge of a system from the given training data set. A connectionist topology of fuzzy basis functions with their universal approximation capability is served as a fundamental SANFIS architecture that provides an elasticity to be extended to all existing fuzzy models whose consequent could be fuzzy term sets, fuzzy singletons, or functions of linear combination of input variables. Without a priori knowledge of the distribution of the training data set, a novel mapping-constrained agglomerative clustering algorithm is devised to reveal the true cluster configuration in a single pass for an initial SANFIS construction, estimating the location and variance of each cluster. Subsequently, a fast recursive linear/nonlinear least-squares algorithm is performed to further accelerate the learning convergence and improve the system performance. Good generalization capability, fast learning convergence and compact comprehensible knowledge representation summarize the strength of SANFIS. Computer simulations for the Iris, Wisconsin breast cancer, and wine classifications show that SANFIS achieves significant improvements in terms of learning convergence, higher accuracy in recognition, and a parsimonious architecture.
Asymptotic properties of minimum norm and optimal quadratures

This paper contains three types of asymptotic results for certain quadratures applied to a Hilbert space of analytic functions. These results concern the following: bounds on the norm of a certain error functional; the convergence of the weights and nodes of a minimum norm quadrature to the weights and nodes of the corresponding Gaussian quadrature; and the convergence of optimal quadratures.
A sub-1V 3.9µW bandgap reference with a 3σ inaccuracy of ±0.34% from −50°C to +150°C using piecewise-linear-current curvature compensation

A sub-1V 3.9µW bandgap reference (BGR) with small voltage variation of ±0.34% and low temperature drift (&#60;1mV) over a wide temperature range (−50°C ∼ +150°C) and a wide voltage range (+0.9 V ∼ +5.5V) by using a low power current mode BGR core and a piecewise-linear curvature compensation system. The BGR occupies 0.1mm2 in 0.13µm CMOS technology with triple well structure.
Training Toddlers Seated on Mobile Robots to Drive Indoors Amidst Obstacles

Mobility is a causal factor in development. Children with mobility impairments may rely upon power mobility for independence and thus require advanced driving skills to function independently. Our previous studies show that while infants can learn to drive directly to a goal using conventional joysticks in several months of training, they are unable in this timeframe to acquire the advanced skill to avoid obstacles while driving. Without adequate driving training, children are unable to explore the environment safely, the consequences of which may in turn increase their risk for developmental delay. The goal of this research therefore is to train children seated on mobile robots to purposefully and safely drive indoors. In this paper, we present results where ten typically-developing toddlers are trained to drive a robot within an obstacle course. We also report a case study with a toddler with spina-bifida who cannot independently walk. Using algorithms based on artificial potential fields to avoid obstacles, we create force field on the joystick that trains the children to navigate while avoiding obstacles. In this “assist-as-needed” approach, if the child steers the joystick outside a force tunnel centered on the desired direction, the driver experiences a bias force on the hand. Our results suggest that the use of a force-feedback joystick may yield faster learning than the use of a conventional joystick.
Comparison of delinquents and nondelinquents in ethnicity, ordinal position, and self-perception

Compared three groups of black, white, and Mexican-American delinquent and nondelinquent males, aged 11 to 18, on measures of self-concept, self-esteem, and ordinal position by groups (N = 135). Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Chi-square test. Significant main effects were found with respect to delinquency, self-concept, and self-esteem. A significant interaction was present for delinquency and ethnicity for both self-concept and self-esteem. Chi-square results found birth-order and ethnicity to be related significantly.
The Role of Metallic Bonding in the Crystallographic Pitting of Magnesium

The role of metallic bonding in the crystallographic pitting of magnesium (Mg) has been investigated using atomistic simulations. To assess the degree of metallic bonding in Mg (0001) and (1010) surfaces the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) has been used. The interatomic potentials developed with MEAM were then used by a Monte Carlo code, standard Metropolis algorithm, to calculate atom removal probabilities. Simulations for the Mg (1010) surface found that atom removal formed geometric surface structures, the orientation of which were always at a 58° or 116° angle with respect to the [1210] direction or 90° with respect to [0001]. These results are identical to published experimental results from Mg (1010) single crystals. Simulations of Mg (0001) surfaces found no preferred orientations similar to experimental results. Finally, the threshold potential for atom removal in our simulations follows the same trend as the critical electrochemical potential for pitting in single-crystal Mg surfaces. This result indicates that experimental differences in the pitting potential for Mg as a function of crystallographic orientation are related to the metallic bond strength (chemical potential) associated with each surface orientation.
Growth and Flowering of Danthonia Sericea Populations

Seasonal growth and flowering in relation to environmental stimuli were studies in 20 populations of Danthonia sericea Nutt. ranging from New Jersey to Georgia. Flowering in the natural habitat was correlated (r = 0.988) with latitude, but New Jersey transplant and greenhouse tests indicated that populations of this species can be separated into three groups on the basis of their habitats and flowering response mechanism. Populations with glabrous sheaths from bogs or wet areas net to rivers of ponds in New Jersey required only adequate air and soil temperatures for growth and subsequent flowering. In these wet habitats substrate temperature apparently serves as the environmental stimulus to which the plants respond. For the populations with pubescent sheaths occurring at openings or fringes of upland pine—oak forest on well drained, sandy soils and for the glabrous populations occurring along stream borders and drainage areas adjacent to granite outcrops in Georgia, an additional requirement for specific...
Detection of Events In Multiple Streams of Surveillance Data

Simultaneous monitoring of multiple streams of data that carry corroborating evidence can be beneficial in many event detection applications. This chapter reviews analytic approaches that can be employed in such scenarios. We cover established statistical algorithms of multivariate time series baseline estimation and forecasting. They are relevant when multiple streams of data can be modeled jointly. We then present more recent methods which do not have to rely on such an assumption. We separately address techniques that deal with data in a specific form of a record of transactions annotated with multiple descriptors, often encountered in the practice of health surveillance. Future event detection algorithms will benefit from incorporation of machine learning methodology. This will enable adaptability, utilization of human feedback, and building reliable detectors using some examples of events of interest. That will lead to highly scalable and economical multi-stream event detection systems.
Radiosynthesis of [11C]sotrastaurin and evaluation as a PET radioligand for imaging brain PKC in monkey

1114 Objectives Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a critical role in signal transduction and may be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, especially bipolar disorder. Currently, there is no radioligand for imaging brain PKC in vivo. The PKC inhibitor, sotrastaurin (3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), has properties that are desirable in candidate PET radioligands, including affinity in the nM range and moderate lipophilicity (cLogD = 2.4). We aimed to prepare [11C]sotrastaurin and to assess its radioligand behavior in monkey. Methods N-Desmethyl-sotrastaurin was synthesized in five steps. Treatment of this precursor (1 mg, 2.36 μmol) with [11C]MeOTf in MeCN (300 μL) at 80 C for 5 min gave [N-methyl-11C]sotrastaurin, which was purified by HPLC on a Waters X-Bridge C18 column (250 × 10 mm) eluted with 0.025% aq. NH4OH/MeCN (66: 34) and then formulated for intravenous injection. PET imaging of brain was performed after intravenous administration of [11C]sotrastaurin to rhesus monkey with or without PKC pre-block by GO6976 (2 mg/kg, i.v. at 15 min before radioligand injection). Results Precursor was obtained in 70% overall yield. [11C]Sotrastaurin was obtained in 12% decay-corrected yield from cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 and with a radiochemical purity of >99% and a mean specific radioactivity of 8.15 Ci/μmol. PET imaging of [11C]sotrastaurin in rhesus monkey revealed very low brain radioactivity uptake, reaching only 0.4 SUV at 90 min. GO6976 had no effect. Conclusions [11C]Sotrastaurin was readily synthesized, but does not penetrate the monkey blood-brain barrier adequately to give a PKC-specific signal. The low brain uptake may be due to the action of efflux transporters. [11C]Sotrastaurin does not warrant further development. Research Support Intramural Research Program of then NIMH.
The 2011 CEO Succession Report

Responsibility for succession planning belongs in the boardroom and nowhere else. The board of directors is legally authorized, temperamentally suited, and in possession of the authority and experience needed for effective succession planning. The issues that can lead boards to neglect succession planning are primarily organizational - and, to a lesser degree, political, psychological, and cultural. However, boards can overcome these issues if they are willing to codify the process and make it integral to and continuous with their duties of governance, business oversight, risk management, and strategic decision making. The CEO Succession Report documents and analyzes succession events of chief executive officers (CEOs) of S&P 500 companies. In addition to updates on historical trends, it features discussions of the most notable recent cases of CEO succession, which are based on press announcements and other publicly available information.
Incident Wave Source for Finite-Difference Time-Domain Computation of Electromagnetic Scattering for Objects Embedded in Layered Dispersive Media

An incident wave source for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computation of electromagnetic scattering involving layered dispersive media is described. The method is based on the decomposition of an arbitrary incident wave into its frequency components and computing the corresponding steady-state fields in the FDTD lattice analytically. The wave source can in principle generate an incident wave obeying the dispersion relations and reflection and transmission relations of the FDTD lattice exactly. Numerical results show that, in practical computation, the accuracy of the generated incident wave is limited by FFT aliasing error occurring during waveform synthesis.
Problems in the development of hospital library professional contingent and their ountermeasures

This article described the importance of professional contingent development to hospital library development,analyzed the main problems in current contingent development of hospital libraries.Also,it put forward a series of countermeasures by means of establishing corresponding management mechanism,winning over the leader's recognition,building up both software and hardware environments,introducing talents,setting up continuing medical education system.
Ethnic differences in initiation and timing of adjuvant endocrine therapy among older women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer enrolled in Medicare Part D

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in initiation and timing of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) after Medicare Part D drug coverage. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked data to assess ethnic, socio-demographic, and tumor characteristic variations in the initiation of AET among patients ≥65 with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in 2007–2009 enrolled in Medicare Part D through 2010. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between race/ethnicity and the initiation of tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and overall AET (tamoxifen or AIs) within the first 12 months of diagnosis. Of the 12,198 women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, 74.8 % received AET within 12 months of diagnosis, of which 17.3 % received tamoxifen and 82.8 % received AIs. After controlling for all variables, only Asian women were found to have a greater odds of initiation of overall AET compared to non-Hispanic white women (odds ratio (OR): 1.28, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.58). Hispanic Mexicans and non-Hispanic black patients had a significantly lower odds of tamoxifen initiation (0.70, 0.54–0.91; 0.25, 0.10–0.62). For AI initiation, Hispanic Mexicans and Asians had a higher odds compared to non-Hispanic white women (2.06, 1.34–3.10; 1.33, 1.11–1.61). A suboptimal proportion of women (25.2 %) did not initiate AET within 12 months of diagnosis and therefore did not receive the full benefits of treatment to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Racial/ethnic differences in the initiation of tamoxifen and AIs have important implications that require further investigation.
Effect of cycloheximide on the mixed-function oxidase system of cat liver.

The effect of cycloheximide treatment on the mixed-function oxidase system of rat liver was studied at 12 and 24 hr after administration of the antibiotic. Cycloheximide caused an alteration in the sedimentation properties of the endoplasmic reticulum. A "fluffy" fraction containing appreciable amounts of drug-metabolizing activity, as well as cytochrome P-450, was recovered with the microsomes from the 15,000 x g supernatant fraction from the livers of treated animals but was never observed in control preparations. Also, there was an increase in the microsomal protein level of treated animals that was apparently unrelated to drug-metabolizing activity; therefore, total protein was not a suitable reference standard for expressing the activity of this enzyme system. However, liver weight was relatively constant during the experimental period, and was used as the reference standard in the present study. N-Demethylation of ethylmorphine was significantly decreased in the microsomal preparations from drug-treated rats. This decrease in enzymatic activity was most the consequence of a cycloheximide-induced change in the sedimentation properties of the cellular particles, because a comparable loss of demethylase activity was observed in the corresponding liver homogenates. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km, did not change with drug treatment, but Vmax was significantly lower. The reduction of demethylase activity did not result directly from the effect of cycloheximide on the drug-metabolizing enzymes, but may reflect a quantitative change in enzyme levels due to the inhibitory effect of cycloheximide on protein synthesis. The change in drug-metabolizing activity produced by cycloheximide treatment did not correlate with a change in the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, the level of cytochrome P-450, or the magnitude of the type I or type II binding spectrum. However, the rate of reduction of cytochrome P-450 in the presence of ethylmorphine was significantly decreased, and this decrease closely paralleled the effect of drug treatment on the rate of metabolism. The data suggest that the rate-limiting step in the N-demethylation of ethylmorphine is the cytochrome P-450 reductase activity.
None quilibrium high pressure helium plasma produced by piezoelectric transformer

Cold, high pressure plasma is increasing in relevance to activities such as chemical analysis or microbial inactivation. These plasmas are characterized by high collisionality, ion temperature approaching room temperature, and relatively low densities. Nonequilibrium atmospheric plasma is often produced through dielectric barrier discharges or microdischarge methods. We report here a method for producing a high pressure nonequilibrium plasma using the displacement charge produced by a piezoelectric transformer. Plasma was generated by a resonating piezoelectric transformer made of lithium niobate, which produced a discharge in a static fill of helium contained in a quartz tube. The displacement charge on the surface of the crystal, and the resulting ac electric field distribution surrounding the crystal are of sufficient magnitude to ionize helium plasma at pressures up to nearly 2 atm. Temporal characteristics of the plasma were studied and we report on time-dependent light emission from the plasma. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize the ion temperature when a small admixture of nitrogen was introduced. The ion temperature was estimated by fitting a model to the 337 nm roto-vibration emission peak. Time correlated measurements of the N2+ emission peak were also noted, and were related to the polarity of the displacement charge on the piezoelectric transformer output.
Peroxisomal Disorders Diagnosis

The clinical manifestations of 27 patients affected with peroxisomal disorders and seen between 1982 and 1997 are described from the Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, and other centers.
Perceiving Motion Patterns

Humans are visual explorers. Human vision is a highly dynamic process. Consider our instinctive reaction to every sudden change. Each change may be inconsequential; but it may also be vitally important. We inspect the world of objects and events with rapid eye movements, which consist of frequent gaze shifts at two to four fixations per second. During a fixation period, the underlying neural processes are updated in less than half a second (Ogman H and Breitmeyer BG, eds. (2006) The First Half Second. The MIT Press). Subconscious motion perception enables us to perceive motion patterns, correlated or anomalous events in our surrounding environment. Human vision is by far the best computer in our everyday life. In this chapter, we explore how to map spatiotemporal data into motion pictures, and how to incorporate human perceptions in pattern discovery in motion and events.
User value and usability in technical communication: a value-proposition design model

This entry defines value from users' perspectives and discusses the need to consider "user value" as an important framework for enhancing product usability in technical communication. Arguing it is essential to involve users in the process of product design, the paper emphasizes the need to recognize users as value co-creators. To further enhance and extend the study of usability, this article proposes a value proposition approach to design and notes such an approach can help communication designers effectively design, test, and deliver materials end users want and value.
Acquired Intermittent Pediatric Horner Syndrome due to Neuroblastoma

A 3-month-old male developed intermittent left upper eyelid ptosis at the age of 1 month that was gradually increasing in frequency and duration. Examination revealed anisocoria and left upper and lower eyelid ptosis, consistent with a left Horner syndrome. Imaging showed a mass in the left superior posterior mediastinum, which was resected, and pathology was consistent with neuroblastoma. Eight months thereafter, the patient underwent left upper eyelid ptosis repair. Cases of infantile acquired Horner syndrome due to neuroblastoma are rare. To the authors' knowledge, there has only been one case described that presented with intermittent symptoms. The authors report the second case of intermittent acquired Horner syndrome due to neuroblastoma. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing that Horner syndrome may present with subtle and intermittent symptoms. In a pediatric patient, one should maintain suspicion for neuroblastoma.
A clinically applicable strategy to concurrently profile prostate cancer (PCa) in circulation and bone using high-definition single cell analysis (HD-SCA).

5041Background: The bone is the most significant organ site to characterize advanced PCa, but repeated bone biopsies are not feasible. Clinically relevant differences may exist between PCa clones i...
Offizielle WeChat-Website

Uber WeChat kann eine App-in-App-Losung realisiert werden. Hierfur bietet WeChat u. a. die offizielle WeChat-Website, die in der WeChat App integriert und von dort aufgerufen wird. Hier finden Entwickler der offiziellen WeChat-Website Programmierschnittstellen fur die einfache Integration von WeChat-Funktionen in der offiziellen WeChat-Website. Die offizielle WeChat-Website bietet Unternehmen u. a. einen idealen mobilen Internetplatz fur die Unternehmensprasentation und fur den Kundenservice. Um mobiles Marketing mit WeChat effektiv betreiben zu konnen, brauchen Unternehmen neben einem offentlichen WeChat-Konto auch eine offizielle WeChat-Website. In diesem Kapitel werden u. a. die Begriffe Web-App, HTML5 sowie die JS-SDK-Schnittstellen von WeChat und deren Integration in der offiziellen WeChat-Website erlautert.
Restoration of Stability, Maintaining Joint Line, Gap Balancing, and Constraint Selection Through the Use of a Trial Cutting Guide

The management of failed TKA can be challenging, but with a systematic approach that includes a thorough history and physical examination along with radiographic examination, the etiology of the TKA failure can often be determined. The cause of failure is what ultimately dictates what must be done in the revision TKA. This same stepwise and systematic approach to the operation is paramount to success in the revision setting. Having a thorough understanding of these principles provides a foundation for the arthroplasty surgeon to address complex revision TKA cases with successful results.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bulk Desorption

In static SIMS, molecular desorption may occur from the uppermost molecular surface layer by momentum transfer in the collision cascade. However, this does not seem an appropriate picture for liquid SIMS. It is widely accepted, that the neutral yield in LSIMS is large, ca. 103 in the case of glycerol[1,2]. Probably, all the molecules in a cavity centered around the original collision cascade are desorbed. This liquid-to-gas transition may occur more or less homogeneously and is conveniently termed “bulk desorption” as opposed to momentum-induced desorption. In this general sense, laser desorption and plasma desorption are most likely also bulk desorption processes.
Does Religiosity Predict Attitudes Toward Psychotherapy

Several studies have demonstrated that Jewish people have positive attitudes toward psychotherapy. This study differentiates among Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Jewish groups to test whether there are differences in the level of religiosity and practice among these different affiliations to Judaism and whether these differences may influence attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Despite significant differences in religiosity and level of practice, results indicate that positive attitudes are present among all affiliations. However, Orthodox Jews are significantly more likely to use their rabbi as a source for psychological counseling and perhaps as a conduit to professional treatment.
Study of conductivity of the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) polymer (P3HT) in resonant Fabry-Perot cavities

Enhancing electrical conductance in organic semiconductors has been a focus of intense research over last few decades. The improvement can be made by optimizing either the material or the device architecture. As it has been shown in [Orgiu et al., Nature Materials, 2015], strong coupling of organic molecules with a nanostructured plasmonic substrate can significantly improve the molecules’ electrical conductivity. In the present study, we searched for the effect of strong coupling with a Fabry-Perot cavity on the conductivity of the semiconducting Poly (3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer. Despite the observation of the strong coupling evidenced by a very large Rabi splitting of 1.0 eV, the increase of electrical conductivity with increase of the P3HT film thickness was primarily affected by an increase of the polymer’s order in thick P3HT films.
Group II innate lymphoid cells and microvascular dysfunction from pulmonary titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure.

The cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are poorly understood, and the reproductive consequences are even less understood. Inflammation remains the most frequently explored mechanism of ENM toxicity. However, the key mediators and steps between lung exposure and uterine health remain to be fully defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the uterine inflammatory and vascular effects of pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular reactivity. Female, virgin, Sprague-Dawley rats (8–12 weeks) were exposed to 100 μg of nano-TiO2 via intratracheal instillation 24 h prior to microvascular assessments. Serial blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 2 and 4 h post-exposure for multiplex cytokine analysis. ILC2 numbers in the lungs were determined. ILC2s were isolated and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) levels were measured. Pressure myography was used to assess vascular reactivity of isolated radial arterioles. Pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure was associated with an increase in IL-1s, 4, 5 and 13 and TNF- α 4 h post-exposure, indicative of an innate Th2 inflammatory response. ILC2 numbers were significantly increased in lungs from exposed animals (1.66 ± 0.19%) compared to controls (0.19 ± 0.22%). Phosphorylation of the transactivation domain (Ser-468) of NF-κB in isolated ILC2 and IL-33 in lung epithelial cells were significantly increased (126.8 ± 4.3% and 137 ± 11% of controls respectively) by nano-TiO2 exposure. Lastly, radial endothelium-dependent arteriolar reactivity was significantly impaired (27 ± 12%), while endothelium-independent dilation (7 ± 14%) and α-adrenergic sensitivity (8 ± 2%) were not altered compared to control levels. Treatment with an anti- IL-33 antibody (1 mg/kg) 30 min prior to nano-TiO2 exposure resulted in a significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation and a decreased level of IL-33 in both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results provide evidence that the uterine microvascular dysfunction that follows pulmonary ENM exposure may be initiated via activation of lung-resident ILC2 and subsequent systemic Th2-dependent inflammation.
Marmoset Nutrition and Dietary Husbandry

Abstract There is a long history of concerns over the dietary management of captive common marmosets. Unfortunately, the literature on rigorous nutritional studies of marmosets is relatively thin. Diets vary across colonies of common marmosets in both ingredients and nutrient levels, which may contribute unnecessary variation in experimental outcomes and may play a role in some of the more common clinical diseases seen in this species in captivity. The goals of this chapter are (1) to provide a basic overview of nutrient needs of marmosets to inform diet formulation for animals in captivity (primarily in laboratory facilities), (2) to provide information on practical feeding programs and options, and (3) to discuss current areas of research needs for common marmoset nutrition and dietary management.