cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of the CG1 beamline at HFIR

In the near future a super-critical hydrogen cold source will be installed in the HB4 beam tube of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The cold source will illuminate four neutron guides. Here we discuss the design and simulation of the guide CG1, dedicated to a new triple axis spectrometer. The conceptual design for the HFIR guides, including CG1, was aided by numerical calculations of neutron trajectories and acceptance diagrams. The CG1 guide consists of a partially trumpeting two-channel bender and a straight guide section. The design was subsequently modeled in detail from source to specimen, utilizing the McStas program. The lessons learned from the McStas simulations resulted in some minor but important changes in the design, and these were also verified using the original method of calculation. The resulting combination of guide and vertically focusing monochromator should deliver a beam with excellent spatial and angular distributions in and out of the scattering plane. The available intensity will enable the construction of a powerful spectrometer for incident energies as large as 20–25 meV.
Tissue specific specialization of the nanoscale architecture of Arabidopsis.

Abstract The Arabidopsis stem is composed of five tissues – the pith, xylem, phloem, cortex and epidermis – each of which fulfills specific roles in support of the growth and survival of the organism. The lignocellulosic scaffolding of cell walls is specialized to provide optimal support for the diverse functional roles of these layers, but little is known about this specialization. X-ray scattering can be used to study this tissue-specific diversity because the cellulosic components of the cell walls give rise to recognizable scattering features interpretable in terms of the underlying molecular architecture and distinct from the largely unoriented scatter from other constituents. Here we use scanning X-ray microdiffraction from thin sections to characterize the diversity of molecular architecture in the Arabidopsis stem and correlate that diversity to the functional roles the distinct tissues of the stem play in the growth and survival of the organism.
Ab initio study of a grain boundary in gold

The total energy of a grain boundary in a transition metal is calculated in an ab initio manner. Such calculations are now feasible using a plane-wave basis set provided that an optimally convergent pseudopotential is used. The investigation focuses on resolving two competing atomic models for the \ensuremath{\Sigma}=5 [001] twist boundary in gold. It is found that the model of lower energy, which involves small atomic displacements, corresponds to a structure determined both experimentally, using quantitative x-ray-diffraction techniques, and theoretically, using the embedded-atom method.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON IRON STATUS AND AEROBIC CAPACITY IN MODERATELY EXERCISING ADULT WOMEN

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 10-week moderate exercise on iron status and aerobic capacity of adult women. Seventeen women, 56- to 67-years, served either as controls (no exercise, n = 9) or participated in a supervised exercise program (n = 8). Women in the exercise group cycled on an ergometer three days per week, for 40 minutes at 70 to 75% maximal heart rate for 10 weeks. Pre- and post- (weeks 0 and 11) submaximal treadmill stress tests were obtained. Aerobic capacity was evaluated by heart rate per grade, maximum oxygen capacity, and time to reach 70% maximum heart rate. The results indicated that average heart rate per grade decreased and time to reach 70% max heart rate increased in the exercise group (p
Quickest sequential search over correlated sequences

Quickest sequential search aims to find a sequence with a desired statistical feature from a pool of given sequences. The existing literature addresses the quickest search problem of interest when the sequences are generated independently. This paper focuses on a setting in which the generation of sequences follows a dependency kernel, where the likelihood that a sequence is generated by the desired distribution depends on the distribution of is preceding sequence. This paper characterizes the quickest sequential search procedure, that is the procedure that optimizes a balance between the quality of decision and the agility of the search process, as two opposing performance measures. The analysis reveals that the optimal decision rules have computationally efficient closed-form structure. Numerical evaluations confirm the gains of this optimal solution over the existing approaches.
Frit Optimization for Sludge Batch Processing at the Defense Waste Processing Facility

The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) Frit Development Team recommends that the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) utilize Frit 418 for initial processing of high level waste (HLW) Sludge Batch 5 (SB5). The extended SB5 preparation time and need for DWPF feed have necessitated the use of a frit that is already included on the DWPF procurement specification. Frit 418 has been used previously in vitrification of Sludge Batches 3 and 4. Paper study assessments predict that Frit 418 will form an acceptable glass when combined with SB5 over a range of waste loadings (WLs), typically 30-41% based on nominal projected SB5 compositions. Frit 418 has a relatively high degree of robustness with regard to variation in the projected SB5 composition, particularly when the Na{sub 2}O concentration is varied. The acceptability (chemical durability) and model applicability of the Frit 418-SB5 system will be verified experimentally through a variability study, to be documented separately. Frit 418 has not been designed to provide an optimal melt rate with SB5, but is recommended for initial processing of SB5 until experimental testing to optimize a frit composition for melt rate can be completed. Melt rate performance can not be predicted at this time and more » must be determined experimentally. Note that melt rate testing may either identify an improved frit for SB5 processing (one which produces an acceptable glass at a faster rate than Frit 418) or confirm that Frit 418 is the best option. « less
Simulation of ship breaking bow waves and induced vortices and scars

An unsteady single-phase level set RANS method is used to resolve and investigate bow wave breaking around a surface combatant advancing in calm water, including induced vortices and free surface scars. A level set free surface capturing approach was extended and combined with local overset grid refinement for resolution of complex interfacial topologies and small-scale free surface features. Although the focus of the paper is on wave breaking at Fr=0.35, results over three speeds (Fr=0.28, 0.35, and 0.41) show that the method can accurately predict the changes in resistance and free surface topology, with the two highest speeds showing bow wave breaking. For the Fr=0.35 case, comparison of wave elevation results shows good agreement with the data, including the development and thickening of the bow wave sheet, sequential formation of two overturning plungers with reconnections, and the formation of two free surface scars at the reconnection sites. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution shows a steep shoulder wave, similar to the experiment, but does not predict the experimentally observed weak spilling breaking shoulder wave. Although the current predictions converge to steady state, the region of unsteady free surface measured experimentally can be reasonably well predicted from the region of the simulation where the wave slope exceeds 17°. Comparisons of velocity components and axial vorticity at four cross planes show that the method can accurately predict the wake of low axial velocity and vortical cross flow associated with the breaking bow wave. In addition, the simulation is used to explain the initial development of the overturning bow wave, induced vortices and scars and to fill in the relatively sparse experimental data set by providing a global picture of the axial vortex structure near the free surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural changes in mouse yolk sac associated with the initiation of vitelline circulation.

The endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac have been studied from the seventh to eleventh day of gestation. The absorptive capacity of the cells is established by the seventh day as indicated by the presence of microvilli, coated invaginations and vacuoles, the apical canalicular system and abundance of absorptive droplets and vacuoles in these cells. Changes in cellular structure during the next three to four days include the development of the cisternal system of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in mitochondrial number and their localization near absorptive droplets and the formation of multiple Golgi complexes. Intercellular spaces form between the endodermal cells by eight to eight and one-half days and coincide with the disappearance of the basal lamina separating the endoderm and mesoderm (angioblastic cords); these changes correlate with the formation of the vitelline vessels. As the vitelline circulation becomes functional, the visceral basal lamina is re-established, the intercellular clefts decrease in prominence and the absorptive storage droplets and vacuoles decrease in size and number. The apical junctional complex of the endodermal cells forms a continuous barrier for the direct passage of material from the yolk sac cavity to the developing vitelline vessels as established by the use of ruthenium red. The absorption and intracellular storage of macromolecules in the visceral endodermal cells was traced through the intermicrovillous apical coated invaginations, coated vesicles, apical canaliculi and storage vacuoles using ferritin. Immunofluorescent studies indicate the presence of immunoglobulin (anti-mouse gamma globulin) in the cytoplasm of the visceral endodermal cells as early as 9 to 11 days. Several blast-like cells which also were observed in the vitelline vessels at 11 days exhibited positive fluorescence for immunoglobulin.
Carceral politics as gender justice? The “traffic in women” and neoliberal circuits of crime, sex, and rights

This article draws upon recent works in sociology, jurisprudence, and feminist theory in order to assess the ways in which feminism, and sex and gender more generally, have become intricately interwoven with punitive agendas in contemporary US politics. Melding existing theoretical discussions of penal trends with insights drawn from my own ethnographic research on the contemporary anti-trafficking movement in the United States—the most recent domain of feminist activism in which a crime frame has prevailed against competing models of social justice—I elaborate upon the ways that neoliberalism and the politics of sex and gender have intertwined to produce a carceral turn in feminist advocacy movements previously organized around struggles for economic justice and liberation. Taking the anti-trafficking movement as a case study, I further demonstrate how human rights discourse has become a key vehicle both for the transnationalization of carceral politics and for the reincorporation of these policies into the domestic terrain in a benevolent, feminist guise. I conclude by urging greater and more nuanced attention to the operations of gender and sexual politics within mainstream analyses of contemporary modes of punishment, as well as a careful consideration of the neoliberal carceral state within feminist discussions of gender, sexuality, and the law.
Fourier-based reconstruction for CT: A parallel processing perspective

One of the drawbacks of the Fourier reconstruction-based approach is the lack of good, efficient interpolation schemes to convert from the polar grid to the Cartesian grid that are needed to do the inverse FFT. Siemens Computerized Tomography group has developed an interpolation scheme that addresses such a shortcoming. In this article we present a parallel approach for a Fourier reconstruction-based method that uses this interpolation scheme. We also present a parallel approach of the rebinning method used with the approach. The rebinning method is used to convert the acquired fan projections into parallel projections. We give an overview of the method, provide the mapping approach proposed to parallelize the algorithms, present a brief description of the architecture used in the simulation, describe the simulation model, and give the simulation results.
Prediabetic Nephropathy as an Early Consequence of the High-Calorie/High-Fat Diet: Relation to Oxidative Stress

This study evaluated early renal functional, structural, and biochemical changes in high-calorie/high-fat diet fed mice, a model of prediabetes and alimentary obesity. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed normal (11 kcal% fat) or high-fat (58 kcal% fat) diets for 16 wk. Renal changes were evaluated by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, ELISA, enzymatic assays, and chemiluminometry. High-fat diet consumption led to increased body and kidney weights, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, polyuria, a 2.7-fold increase in 24-h urinary albumin excretion, 20% increase in renal glomerular volume, 18% increase in renal collagen deposition, and 8% drop of glomerular podocytes. It also resulted in a 5.3-fold increase in urinary 8-isoprostane excretion and a 38% increase in renal cortex 4-hydroxynonenal adduct accumulation. 4-hydroxynonenal adduct level and immunoreactivity or Sirtuin 1 expression in renal medulla were not affected. Studies of potential mechanisms of the high-fat diet induced renal cortex oxidative injury revealed that whereas nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form oxidase activity only tended to increase, 12/15-lipoxygenase was significantly up-regulated, with approximately 12% increase in the enzyme protein expression and approximately 2-fold accumulation of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a marker of 12/15-lipoxygenase activity. Accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff -positive material, concentrations of TGF-β, sorbitol pathway intermediates, and expression of nephrin, CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, phosphoeukaryotic initiation factor-α, and total eukaryotic initiation factor-α in the renal cortex were indistinguishable between experimental groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were reduced in high-fat diet fed mice. In conclusion, systemic and renal cortex oxidative stress associated with 12/15-lipoxygenase overexpression and activation is an early phenomenon caused by high-calorie/high-fat diet consumption and a likely contributor to kidney disease associated with prediabetes and alimentary obesity.
Enhancement of data in integrated communications, navigation, and surveillance systems

• Many ICNS sensor network datasets suffer from the effects of acquisition noise, channel noise, fading, and fusion of different nodes with huge amounts of data. • At the fusion center, where decisions relevant to these data are taken taken, any deviation from real values could affect the decisions made.
Soil strength as affected by tillage system and wheel traffic in wheat -corn rotation in central Anatolia

Abstract This paper discusses the loading of a typical central Anatolian soil by the most commonly used corn and wheat production agricultural equipment. It further describes the effect that loading and soil conditions have on soil strength, namely compaction, and proposes techniques for minimizing undesired soil compaction. Experiments were carried out on a typical central Anatolian medium-textured imperfectly drained clay loam soil (Cambisol). Three different tillage methods and subsequently the same field operations were used for each rotation. Shear strength, penetration resistance, bulk density and moisture variations were detected in four sampling periods at each rotation. Tillage reduced the soil strength with the mouldboard plough causing the greatest loosening. However, natural processes and the vehicular traffic caused the soil to be re-compacted to about the same values as before. In any of the cases the obtained parameters did not exceed the critical values for plant growth except the penetration resistance in the 20–30 cm depth layer during corn production.
Towards a design framework for wearable electronic textiles

This paper presents a design framework for wearableelectronic textiles. The focus is on the design andsimulation issues that arise from the interaction of theelectronic textile, the human body, and the environment.To assist in design choices within this framework, asimulation environment is described that uses Ptolemy IIto integrate models of the physical environment, humanlocomotion, sensor behavior, network communication,power consumption, and software execution. We describeresults for two e-textile design case studies, a shape-sensinggarment and a wearable phased array ofmicrophones, demonstrating how the design frameworkencompasses the effects of design variables for wearableelectronic textiles.
Analysis of melting in a subcooled two-component metal powder layer with constant heat flux

Abstract Melting of a subcooled two-component metal powder layer is investigated analytically. The powder bed considered consists of a mixture of two metal powders with significantly different melting points. Shrinkage induced by melting is taken into account in the physical model. The temperature distributions in the liquid and solid phases are obtained using an exact solution and an integral approximate solution, respectively. The effects of porosity, Stefan number, and subcooling on the surface temperature and solid–liquid interface are also investigated. The present work provides a strong foundation upon which the investigation of complex three-dimensional selective laser sintering (SLS) process can be based.
Response of Soricid populations to repeated fire and fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains

Fuel hazards have increased in forests across the United States because of fire exclusion during the 20th century. Treatments used to reduce fuel buildup may affect wildlife, such as shrews, living on the forest floor, especially when treatments are applied repeatedly. From mid-May to mid-August 2006 and 2007, we used drift fences with pitfall traps to capture shrews in western North Carolina in 3 fuel reduction treatment areas [(1) twice-burned (2003 and 2006), (2) mechanical understory cut (2002), and (3) mechanical understory cut (2002) followed by 2 burns (2003 and 2006)] and a control. We captured 77% fewer southeastern shrews (Sorex longirostris) in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas than in mechanical treatment areas in 2006, but southeastern shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in 2007. Total shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in either year. Decreases in leaf litter, duff depth, and canopy cover in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas may have decreased ground-level moisture, thereby causing short-term declines in southeastern shrew captures. Prescribed fire or mechanical fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains did not greatly affect shrew populations, though the combination of both treatments may negatively affect some shrew species, at least temporarily.
Spaceborne Technology Contributions To Hydrological Studies In The Context Of Global Change

Spaceborne observations have become increasingly accepted for studies of the hydrological cycle and as a source of information that can be used for management and assessment of water resources over large areas. As data records are extended over long periods of time, using sensors that improve their reliability and quality, the utility of spaceborne observations will become increasingly evident. The Earth Observing System (EOS) concept being studied by NASA holds potential for providing improved means and procedures for hydrological studies, particularly on a global basis, using spaceborne sensors and a comprehensive information system. Continuing emphasis needs to be placed on research exploring the interpretation of remotely sensed observations through the assimilation and use of these data in models of hydrological processes.
Active Structural Control Design and Experiment for the Mini-Mast

Control system design and closed-loop test results for the Mini-Mast truss structure located at the NASA Langley Research Center are presented. The simplicity and effectiveness of a classical control approach to the active structural control design are demonstrated by ground experiments. The concepts of robust non-minimum phase compensation and periodic disturbance rejection are also experimentally validated. The practicality of a sensor output decoupling approach is demonstrated for the inherent, multivariable control problem of the Mini-Mast.
Early immunosuppression treatment correlates with later de novo donor-specific antibody development after kidney and pancreas transplantation.

Background De novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) post-transplant correlate with a higher risk of immunologic graft injury and loss following kidney and pancreas transplantation. Post-transplant dnDSA can occur within the first post-transplant year. Methods In this study, 817 of 1290 kidney and simultaneous kidney/pancreas recipients were tested for dnDSA post-transplant. Recipient immunosuppressive treatment at one, three, six, and 12 months post-transplant was correlated with dnDSA incidence by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The overall incidence of dnDSA was 21.3% detected a median of 3.5 yr post-transplant. By univariate analysis, the immunosuppressive treatment at all time points correlated with dnDSA (p < 0.01). Month 6 treatment correlated best in multivariable analysis (p = 0.004). At six months, recipients receiving rapamune/mycophenolic acid (Rapa/MPA) had the highest dnDSA incidence at five yr (25.3%) and last follow-up (30.7%), those treated with cyclosporine/rapamune (CNI/Rapa) had the lowest incidence at five yr (10.8%) and last follow-up (18.6%), and cyclosporine/mycophenolic acid (CNI/MPA) treatment had an intermediate incidence at five yr (16.7%) and last follow-up (20.4%) (p < 0.01). Six-month CNI/MPA and Rapa/MPA treatment significantly correlated with dnDSA (hazard ratios of 2.36 and 1.80, respectively) by Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Conclusion The risk of post-transplant dnDSA development correlates with early immunosuppressive management.
EDITORIAL: LAPAROSCOPY AND UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY—I NOW PRONOUNCE YOU MAN AND WIFE

While the perception is that laparoscopy is a modern advance in minimally invasive surgery, the concept is actually older than 100 years. With urology’s long-standing association with minimally invasive therapy, it is no surprise that the earliest laparoscopes were actually cystoscopes. In 1901 Kelling described “celioscopy” when he insufflated the abdomen of a dog with air and inserted a cystoscope to inspect the abdominal viscera. 1 The term laparoscopy, derived from the Greek noun “lapara” (flank), is actually a misnomer. The terms celioscopy and peritoneoscopy are probably more accurate descriptions.2 Today, laparoscopy describes the procedure in which contents of the peritoneum are examined and manipulated through endoscopic visualization. The first formal urological use of laparoscopy was localization of cryptorchid testes in the 1970s. 2 Throughout the 1980s urological laparoscopy remained a diagnostic tool limited to the pediatric patient. The modern era of urological laparoscopy began with 2 key reports in 1991. Schuessler et al reported the initial laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy series for staging prostate cancer.3 During the next 5 years pelvic lymphadenectomy became the most widely used urological application of laparoscopy. With the demographic changes in prostate cancer, this procedure is relatively uncommon today. However, for most urological surgeons, and urologic oncologists in particular, the pelvic lymphadenectomy was the entry point into the world of laparoscopy. Another key event was the first laparoscopic nephrectomy
An effective nest trap for female Yellow‐headed Blackbirds

Capturing breeding female blackbirds using mist nets and food-baited traps can be challenging because nets are difficult to set in wetland habitats and females feed preferentially on insects. Given the problems associated with other trapping methods, we designed a highly effective nest trap that allowed us to successfully capture targeted female Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) at our wetland study sites in North Dakota. From 15 May to 16 July 2004, we captured 56 of 59 (95%) targeted females during incubation and eight of 18 (44%) targeted females with nestlings, and were also able to recapture 12 of 16 females (75%). Based on these results, we recommend using our trap to capture female blackbirds during incubation rather than during the nestling period. The nest trap is easy and inexpensive to construct and is light and easy to carry through dense wetland vegetation. In addition, the trap's large diameter and wire construction provide the flexibility needed to trap at sites where the density of vegetation varies. This trap has also been used to capture female Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and could potentially be used to trap females of other species of wetland-breeding icterids, including Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). SINOPSIS El capturar hembras en estado reproductivo de individuos de Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus utilizando redes de niebla y trampas con cebo, pudiera ser un ejercicio de gran reto, dado el caso de que las aves se alimentan de insectos y las redes son dificiles de montar y manejar en anegados. Dados los problemas asociados con otros metodos disenamos una trampa efectiva que nos permitio capturar con exito individuos particulares en un estudio que llevamos a cabo en Dakota del Norte. Del 15 de mayo al 16 de julio de 2004, capturamos 56 de 59 individuos deseados (95%) durante el periodo de incubacion, ademas a 8 de 18 hembras (44%) con pichones. Tambien recapturamos 12 de 16 (75%) de las hembras. Basandonos en estos resultados, recomendamos el uso de nuestra trampa durante la fase de incubacion, en vez de la epoca de cria. La trampa es facil de construir, liviana, facil de transportar (a traves de un anegado denso) y de bajo costo. Ademas, el diametro de la trampa y su construccion en alambre ofrecen la flexibilidad necesaria para colocarla en sitios en donde la densidad de la vegetacion resulte variable. Este tipo de trampa tambien ha sido utilizada para atrapar hembras de Agelaius phoeniceus y puede ser, potencialmente, utilizada para atrapar hembras de otras especies de icteridos que anidan en anegados, incluyendo a Quiscalus quiscula.
Concepts for Service-Oriented Business Thinking

As businesses scramble to adopt and implement Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) it is imperative that service-oriented thinking become an integral part of the business itself. We motivate the key concepts for service-oriented business thinking through a range of examples that give a flavor of a range of businesses. In this paper we establish three key concepts - Service Agreement, Service Transaction and Service Function. These concepts are discussed in depth and are related to our ongoing work in the area of modeling business services.
LANGUAGE AND SCIENCE

In looking back at the last review of research on the language-science connection to appear in ARAL (van Naerssen and Kaplan 1987), one is struck by the great changes in this relationship that have taken place over the past dozen or so years. On a general level, such changes are perhaps inevitable given the youthfulness of this area as a research domain, but more specifically, they can be traced in large part to two related trends: 1) a shift away from research with direct pedagogical aims and motivations, and 2) the powerful influence of the interdisciplinary field known as social studies of science. Both trends will be recurrent themes of this review.
Semigroups of maps and periodic difference equations

A collection ℳ of monotonic maps from the positive reals to the positive reals is defined. Each map is linearly bounded, has non-negative Schwarzian and is either concave increasing or convex decreasing. It is shown that ℳ is a semigroup under composition that contains the sub-semigroup of fractional linear maps and each function in ℳ that is uni-linearly bounded has a globally attracting exponentially asymptotically stable fixed point. Thus we obtain a condition under which a periodic difference Equation (mapping system) will have a periodic solution having the same properties. Certain restricted algebraic operations are valid in ℳ and the structure of ℳ is explored together with conjectures regarding the interlacing of roots of a rational function in ℳ.
Ganzfeld perceptual field and gender effects on short-term memory as a function of rate of digit presentation.

Szimmay.-Efforts to enhance short-term memory for digit span (in serial recall) included the Gandeld perceptual field and variation in the rate (interstitnulzis internal: 1 sec., 2 sec., 3 sec.) of 25 auditorily presented computer-generated random numbers (1 to 5). Undergraduate volunteers (52 men and 91 women) wore goggles consisting of halves of translucent ping-pong balls while viewing a red lamp and listening to 60 decibels of white noise. Control subjects wore goggles with clear plastic lenses. Participants were instructed to recall 25 random digits in the correct series (vocalized sequentially through headphones worn by the subjects) immediately after their presentations. A mixed 2 ~2 x 3 split-plot analysis of variance yielded a significant effect for digit rates, and post hor Scheff.6 tests of multiple comparisons showed ddferences in recall between intersrimulus intervals of 1 and 2 sec., 1 and 3 sec., and 2 and 3 sec. Other Scheff.6 comparisons showed chat men scored higher than women with the 3sec. interstimulus interval and with the "clear" perceptual field. Ganzfdd may have reduced distractibility for women as compared with recall following the "clear" perceptual field. Serial-position effects favored "primacy," yet the "recency effect" was seen within the last 5 serial positions.
Use of Brief Functional Analysis and Intervention Evaluation in Public Settings.

Educational experience in the community provides students with moderate and se- vere intellectual disabilities the opportunity to learn and rehearse skills they need to participate fully in community environments. The degree to which students with intellectual disabilities participate in their communities is often dependent on their ability to demonstrate appropri- ate behaviors when in public settings. For students with intellectual disabilities who exhibit so- cially inappropriate behavior, access to community programs may be limited or even denied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and selection of interventions for inappropriate social behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement in public community settings. Four high school-age students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities partic- ipated in a brief functional analysis to identify maintaining contingencies of target behav- iors. Based on the resulting hypotheses, antecedent-based and response-based interventions were designed and compared. Results indicated that the antecedent-based intervention of self- operated auditory prompts worked as effectively as or better than the response-based inter- vention. In addition, teachers' social validity of intervention in public settings assessed the acceptability of both interventions. Teachers indicated that auditory prompts were socially ac- ceptable for vocational training in public community settings.
Vasectomy and the risk of prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy.

AbstractThe incidence of prostatic disease (prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy) was studied in a cohort of 5,332 vasectomized Kaiser Permanente Health Plan members, each matched with 3 nonvasectomized comparison subjects. Relative risks of 1.0 for prostatic cancer (68 cases, 95 per cent confidence limits 0.6 and 1.7) and 1.2 for benign prostatic hypertrophy (90 cases, 95 per cent confidence limits 0.7 and 1.8) were associated with vasectomy. In this study group the risk of prostatic disease was not altered by a history of vasectomy.
Equity Options and the Underlying Stocks' Pricing Efficiency: Evidence from the TSE

Theories predict that introduction of option trading should affect the pricing efficiency in the underlying stock market. We further test this hypothesis, employing a recent sample of equity option listings on the Tokyo stock exchange. Using two conventional statistical tests, we find that, with the introduction of options, returns to the underlying stocks become significantly more random and, thus, less predictable, even after controlling for marketwide randomness shifts in the concurrent period. Insofar as randomness proxies for efficiency, these results suggest that initiation of options enhances pricing efficiency for the underling stocks, supporting the hypothesis. This finding is not affected by the endogenous nature of option listing or its liquidity effect.
Pattern of herbivore abundance along a climatic gradient : Guild shift of leaf-feeding insects and changes in leaf characteristics

The abundance of insects in 3 feeding guilds (strip-feeding, pit-feeding, and sucking) and leaf characteristics (toughness as measured by resistance to penetration, and specific leaf area) were examined during 2 summers along a climatic and vegetation gradient in the southwest United States. Strip-feeding insects were more abundant, and needles were softer (less resistant to penetration) and thinner (higher specific leaf area) on pinon pines of summer-wet southeast Arizona than on pinon pines of the drier summer climates of northcentral and northwest Arizona. Sucking insects were more abundant and needles were tougher on pinon pines of northcentral Arizona. Pit-feeding insects were less abundant on southeast pinon pines (the difference was significant in 1990 but not 1991) and showed different abundance on northcentral and northwest pinon pines between the 2 summers.
Applied Dynamic Pricing and Production Models with Specific Application to Broadcast Spot Pricing

Easily implemented dynamic models for pricing and production or ordering decisions are developed for products or services whose value to the consumer may be changing over time. The models are easil...
Resolution of an intracardiac mass with chemotherapy

Right atrial intracardiac tumours are uncommonly seen during echocardiography. Our patient presented with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma with intracardiac involvement. The tumour was seen by echocardiography and the extent of the tumour was defined by CT scan of the chest. Following chemotherapy directed to her specific tumour cell type, there was complete resolution of the intracardiac mass.
Ignition System Designed to Extend the Plug Life, and the Lean Limit in a Natural Gas Engine

An ignition system that is based on the alternating (AC) rather than the traditional direct (DC) current in the spark plug discharge has been developed at the Caterpillar Technical Center. This system can generate a long duration discharge with controllable power. It is believed that such an ignition system can provide both a leaner operating limit and a longer spark plug life than a traditional DC system due to the long discharge duration and the low discharge power. The AC ignition system has successfully been tested on a Caterpillar single cylinder G3500 natural gas engine to determine the effects on the engine performance, combustion characteristics and emissions. The test results indicate that while the AC ignition system has only a small impact on engine performance (with respect to a traditional DC system), it does extend the lean limit with lower NOx emissions. Evidences also show the potential of reduce spark plug electrode erosions from the low breakdown and sustaining discharge powers from the AC ignition system. This paper summarizes the prototype design and engine demonstration results of the AC ignition system.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Heavy Metals and Chelation Therapy

Increasing evidence indicates that heavy metal overload can cause or contribute to a variety of diseases and chronic illnesses. Chelation therapy has been widely accepted as effective treatment for heavy metal poisoning, accumulation of iron and copper in the body, etc. However, its applications in treatments for disorders such as diabetes, heart disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer have long been mired in controversy; and exaggerated, poorly controlled chelation therapy treatments that have failed to show noticeable efficacy have also aroused skepticism. The vague recognition of the relation between heavy metal overload and disorders, the slow progress of chelation agent development, the intrinsic obstacles of the chemical, biological and clinical restrictions and the scarce involvement of pharmaceutical industries have constrained the advance of chelation therapy from moving forward to a new level. However, new chelation agent development and recent advances of technology such as MRI have significantly promoted the chelation therapy study. Promising results have been reported in a growing number. Chelation therapy is approaching a turning point that should lead to rapid progress and regain public confidence. The inauguration of the Journal of Heavy Metal and Chelation Therapy would provide an appropriate platform to promote the advance of chelation therapy.
Living the divine divide: A phenomenological study of Mormon mothers who are career-professional women

AbstractThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – the Mormon Church – upholds a cultural expectation for women of their community to remain unemployed outside the home and to dedicate their early adulthood to bearing and raising children. This paper reports on a phenomenological exploration, using Smith and Osborn’s (2008) model of interpretative phenomenological analysis, of the use, as a conflict-controlling strategy, of sanctification, or the sacred aspects of life, in the religious cultural navigation of 16 religious Mormon women who maintain full-time professional careers in the fields of law, medicine, education, science, administration or engineering, and who simultaneously mother one or more children under the age of 12. The findings of this study document significant demographic, values-based and experiential differences between the study participants and their Latter-day Saints (LDS) peers who live within the subculture’s norm.
Does knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis improve survival? The jury is still out

Background The relation of knee replacement (KR) surgery to all-cause mortality has not been well established owing to potential biases in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to examine the relation of KR to mortality risk among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) focusing on identifying biases that may threaten the validity of prior studies. Methods We included knee OA subjects (ages 50–89 years) from The Health Improvement Network, an electronic medical records database in the UK. Risk of mortality among KR subjects was compared with propensity score-matched non-KR subjects. To explore residual confounding bias, subgroup analyses stratified by age and propensity scores were performed. Results Subjects with KR had 28% lower risk of mortality than non-KR subjects (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78). However, when stratified by age, protective effect was noted only in older age groups (>63 years) but not in younger subjects (≤63 years). Further, the mortality rate among KR subjects decreased as candidacy (propensity score) for KR increased among subjects with KR, but no such consistent trend was noted among non-KR subjects. Conclusions While a protective effect of KR on mortality cannot be ruled out, findings of lower mortality among older KR subjects and those with higher propensity scores suggest that prognosis-based selection for KR may lead to intractable confounding by indication; hence, the protective effect of KR on all-cause mortality may be overestimated.
The synthesis and localization of alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIB in resting and thrombin-treated megakaryocytes

There are several species of alternatively spliced fibronectin (FN). One of these, FN EIIIB, is primarily present in embryonic and in proliferating and migrating cells and is believed to be important for cell maturation. We have studied the synthesis, localization, and secretion of this FN isoform in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes, nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow cells, and platelets. There was 7.5 times more general FN in megakaryocytes than in nonmegakaryocytic cells based on the analysis of equivalent amounts of protein. FN EIIIB was detected by Western blotting in megakaryocytes but not in nonmegakaryocytic cells present in bone marrow. Neither megakaryocytes nor platelets secreted FN EIIIB, while megakaryocytes secreted 25.3% +/- 4.6% general FN and platelets secreted about 61% general FN in response to thrombin. Analysis of immunostained cells by confocal microscopy revealed that FN EIIIB had been redistributed to the surface of megakaryocytes in response to thrombin. Synthesis was studied by metabolic labeling, and megakaryocytes were shown to synthesize FN and FN EIIIB. Thus, megakaryocytes and platelets are among a small number of adult cells and tissues that synthesize and contain FN EIIIB. The expression of FN EIIIB on the megakaryocyte surface may influence migration and maturation.
Effects of inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

To evaluate the participation of proteins derived from mitochondrial genes in the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased contractile activity, we administered chloramphenicol (CAP; 200-1...
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors

Rapid increases in energy consumption and emphasis on environmental protection have posed challenges for the motor industry, as has the design and manufacture of highly efficient, reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving, quiet, precisely controlled, and long-lasting electric motors.Suitable for motor designers, engineers, and manufacturers, as well
Phase and Frequency Coherent Multiple Pulse Spectroscopy: Applications to Collisional Dynamics

Any two level system can be completely characterized once its resonance frequency w0, Rabi frequency w1, and relaxation times T1 and T2 are known. But two-level approximations break down in many real spectroscopic applications; for example, measurements of intermolecular interactions, energy transport, or collision rates usually require explicit consideration of many distinct coupled states. As a result, the information obtainable from absorption spectra or simple laser pulse sequences is often insufficient.We have been exploring the uses of laser pulse sequences with independently variable pulse phases, pulse frequencies, and pulse shapes to extract information from complex systems. In this paper we will consider only collisional effects in gases, and will show that dual frequency pump-probe experiments give for the first time an essentially complete description of the dynamics of translational energy redistribution from a non-equilibrium state.
Rectal melanoma: epidemiology, prognosis, and role of adjuvant radiation therapy

Rectal melanoma (RM) is a lethal malignancy which is not well understood. While cases are rising, data concerning effective management are limited. The present paper sought to elucidate the epidemiology and prognosis of RM, while also analyzing the role of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). We used the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program to find all cases of RM diagnosed between 2004 and 2011. Patients 18 or older with non-metastatic disease who had undergone surgery were included. Data regarding the age, race, sex, marital status, stage, and radiation sequence with surgery were extracted from the database and analyzed. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was studied for the group overall and between subgroups. Median age at diagnosis was 69 years. RM is significantly more common in whites compared to nonwhites and occurs equally in males and females. Most patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Prognosis is poor with a median DFS of 27 months and median OS of 22 months. There were no differences in outcomes based on age, sex, marital status, or stage; however, OS was improved in nonwhites as compared to whites (P = 0.04). RT did not improve DFS (27 vs 28 months for surgery vs surgery and radiation, P = 0.82) or OS (19 vs 22 months for surgery vs surgery and radiation P=0.80) regardless of stage. RM is an aggressive disease primarily affecting older, white patients. RT does not improve survival, regardless of stage. Optimal management of this lethal disease remains to be elucidated.
Abstract 20: Tribbles1 (Trib1) is a Novel Regulator of in vivo Hepatic Fatty Acid Lipogenesis in the Mouse.

Tribbles1 (TRIB1) was recently identified in genome-wide association studies as being strongly linked to plasma levels of VLDL, HDL, LDL, and TG as well as coronary artery disease in humans. Previous experiments in mice using AAV-mediated hepatic overexpression of Trib1 confirmed this association, as mice overexpressing Trib1 exhibited reductions of 45% and 57% in plasma total cholesterol (TC) and TG, respectively ( Burkhardt et al, 2010 ). Here we report a Trib1 liver-specific knockout mouse (Trib1_LSKO) created through AAV-mediated delivery of Cre recombinase into adult mice with a floxed version of Trib1. Four weeks after infection, Trib1_LSKO mice exhibited 21% and 70% increases in TC and TG, respectively ( p =0.01 and 0.02), as compared to floxed Trib1 littermates infected with null virus (Controls). Trib1_LSKO animals also exhibited a 25% increase in liver weight ( p 2-fold increases in the hepatic transcription of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in Trib1_LSKO mice as compared to Controls. Examination of hepatic lipids revealed a 78% increase in hepatic TG content ( p p p =0.02), diacylglycerol (1.8-fold, p p =0.05). Microarray analysis of Trib1_LSKO livers compared to Controls revealed greater than 1,600 genes that were significantly altered between the two groups (fold change>1.5, FDR