cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protecting the Fourth Amendment After Carpenter in the Digital Age: What Gadget Next?

Ostensibly, Carpenter v. United States is only about geographic cell site location information. However, the constant evolution and forward march of technology lead one to wonder, what privacy issue awaits around the next corner? If Carpenter lines up with previous cases in which technology inspired Fourth Amendment challenges, the Supreme Court will find some way to rule in favor of protecting personal information, even if a tension exists with the Court's own past approaches as to how to get there, i.e., whether the breach was one of physical trespass, or privacy. The Supreme Court’s holding and how it arrives at it will have significant repercussions for lower courts. One immediate challenge is likely to be cases involving law enforcement’s use of cell-site simulators, such as the Stingray. In the meantime, the “reasonable expectation of privacy” paradigm articulated in Katz v. United States appears to be a shifting one, as entire generations are growing up accustomed to sharing their private lives on social media, with an abundant and ever-growing choice of platforms for disclosing and discussing one’s whereabouts, activities and thoughts. How the Supreme Court resolves Carpenter will impact cases involving technologies that have not yet arisen, or new uses of existing technologies, and will affect a demographic that is dynamic in its privacy expectations.
A diet enriched with curcumin promotes resilience to chronic social defeat stress

Chronic exposure to stress is a well-known risk factor for the development of mood and anxiety disorders. Promoting resilience to stress may prevent the development of these disorders, but resilience-enhancing compounds are not yet clinically available. One compound that has shown promise in the clinical setting is curcumin, a polyphenol compound found in the rhizome of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) with known anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties. Here, we tested the efficacy of 1.5% dietary curcumin at promoting resilience to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in 129/SvEv mice, a strain that we show is highly susceptible to this type of stress. We found that administration of curcumin during CSDS produced a 4.5-fold increase in stress resilience, as measured by the social interaction test. Although the overall effects of curcumin were striking, we identified two distinct responses to curcumin. While 64% of defeated mice on curcumin were resilient (responders), the remaining 36% of mice were susceptible to the effects of stress (non-responders). Interestingly, responders released less corticosterone following acute restraint stress and had lower levels of peripheral IL-6 than nonresponders, implicating a role for the NF-κB pathway in treatment response. Importantly, curcumin also prevented anxiety-like behavior in both responders and non-responders in the elevated-plus maze and open field test. Collectively, our findings provide the first preclinical evidence that curcumin promotes resilience to CSDS and suggest that curcumin may prevent the emergence of a range of anxiety-like symptoms when given to individuals during exposure to chronic social stress.
Helmholtz, the conservation of force and the conservation of vis viva.

This paper investigates the relationship between Helmholtz's formulation of the principle of the conservation of force and the two principles well known in rational mechanics as the principle of vi...
Long-Term Outcomes of Rotationplasty patients in the treatment of lower extremity sarcomas with cost analysis.

Abstract Objective There are many options for restoration of function in treating lower extremity sarcomas in young children. The trend has moved towards the use of expandable prosthetics for treatment; however, this has been fraught with complications and expense. The aim of this study was to assess long-term functional outcome scores and emotional satisfaction of rotationplasty and megaprosthesis patients compared to the general population. Methods Surveys querying surviving members of a rotationplasty cohort from our institution were sent out including MSTS, TESS and Rand SF-36 questionnaires. Demographic information, surgical intervention, disease status and length of follow-up were collected. Results The average MSTS score of the eight respondents available and who agreed to participate in the study was 65.4%. The average TESS was 90.0%. The results of our eight respondents showed Rand SF-36 results with norm-based scoring averages of 46.4 for physical health and 55.6 for mental health. In this study, the patients who were alive with no evidence of disease averaged greater than eighteen-years of follow-up. Conclusion Patients functioned well relative to their peers when in an appropriate prosthesis. Patients were emotionally satisfied with rotationplasty and functioned in-line with the general population physically and mentally.
Risk of Vertebral Artery Injury and Stroke Following Blunt and Penetrating Cervical Spine Trauma: A Retrospective Review of 729 Patients.

Abstract Background Cervical spine trauma (CST) may result in Vertebral Artery Injury (VAI), increasing the risk of developing stroke. Stroke risk following CST is poorly reported. Methods 729 patients with CST were retrospectively analyzed, including rates of VAI, age at injury, cause of injury, cardiovascular history, smoking history, substance abuse history, embolization therapy, and antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy prior or after injury. VAIs were identified and graded following the Modified Denver Criteria for Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury utilizing Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Brain scans were reviewed for stroke rates and statistically significant variations. Results 33 patients suffered penetrating trauma while 696 patients experienced blunt trauma. 81 patients met the criteria for analysis with confirmed VAI. VAI was more common in penetrating injury group compared to blunt injury group (64% vs 9%, P P P = 0.21). Cardiovascular comorbidities were significantly more common in the blunt group (50%, P = 0.0001) compared to penetrating group (0%). Conclusion VAI occurs with a high incidence in penetrating CST. Although stroke risk following penetrating and blunt CST did not vary significantly, they resulted in serious complications in a group of patients. Further studying of this patient population is required to provide high-level evidence-based preventions for VAI complications .
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Alcohol Use Disorders: State of the Art and Future Directions

Alcohol use disorders remain one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the world, yet despite this impact, there are few treatment options for patients suffering from these disorders. To this end, non-invasive brain stimulation, most commonly utilizing technologies including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has recently emerged as promising potential treatments for alcohol use disorders. Enthusiasm for these interventions is fueled by their non-invasive nature, generally favorable safety profile, and ability to target and modulate brain regions implicated in substance use disorders. In this paper, we describe the underlying principles behind these commonly used stimulation technologies, summarize existing experiments and randomized controlled trials, and provide an integrative summary with suggestions for future areas of research. Currently available data generally supports the use of non-invasive brain stimulation as a near-term treatment for alcohol use disorder, with important caveats regarding the use of stimulation in this patient population.
Using Virtual Reality to Examine the Neural and Physiological Responses to Height and Perturbations in Quiet Standing

We describe an experimental setup, which uses virtual reality to understand neural responses to height and perturbations in human postural control. This system could help clinicians develop better methods to alleviate symptoms from a significant fear of heights, especially in the elderly and those with movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. In our design, EEG and EKG systems monitor the participants’ neural responses and heart activities respectively, while they try to maintain balance on a force plate in an induced virtual world, experiencing randomized height changes and perturbations. These responses are then analyzed to understand the participants’ anxiety caused by height and postural challenges.
Novel Unconventional Antigen and Conventional Antigens Elicit Anti-Tumor Humoral Immune Reactions in Response to Interferon-a Therapy.

Abstract Therapeutic responses to interferon-a (IFN-a) therapy in patients with malignancies are at least in part from the effects of IFN-a on the enhancement of anti-tumor immune responses. Antigens responsible for immune responses enhanced by IFN-a remain largely unknown. Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disease (MPD) resulting from the clonal expansion of a pluripotential hematopoietic precursor cell. IFN-a therapy induces a complete remission in ~50% of PV patients, thus making PV a good model to study the molecular mechanism of the cytokine-enhanced immune responses against tumors. We hypothesized that IFN-a enhances anti-PV immune responses by modulating the expression of non-mutated self-antigens. We identified three novel MPD antigens by applying a technique, termed serological identification of tumor antigens by expression cDNA cloning (SEREX), to screen a human testis cDNA library with sera from three PV patients who responded to IFN-a therapy. Of these three novel SEREX antigens, MPD5 belongs to the newly identified group of unconventional cryptic antigens. These unconventional antigens are encoded by either the introns of genes, or the untranslated regions of mRNAs. MPD5 is the antigen encoded by the complementary strand of the intron 1 region of NEK-6 gene. Two additional MPD antigens, MPD13 and MPD67, are conventional antigens, which are encoded by the genes with conventional exon/intron structures. Our results showed that these novel MPD antigens elicit potent IgG antibody immune responses in the sera of patients with PV, as well as patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who responded to IFN-a treatment and in patients with prostate cancer, suggesting that these antigens are broadly immunogenic. Previous reports showed that unconventional antigens can elicit cellular T cell mediated responses. Our data demonstrated that these antigens also elicit humoral IgG antibody responses, which can be further enhanced by IFN-a therapy. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of the self-antigen repertoire including both conventional antigens and unconventional antigens, in eliciting anti-tumor immune responses in responses to IFN-a therapy, and suggest their therapeutic potential as the targets of novel immunotherapy for MPD.
Preoperative Validation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in Patients With Articular Cartilage Defects of the Knee.

Purpose To validate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function computer adaptive test (PF CAT) with current patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments in patients with cartilage injuries of the knee. Methods Patients scheduled for osteochondral autograft or allograft transplant, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, allograft cartilage resurfacing, and chondroplasty were prospectively enrolled in the study and completed PROMIS PF CAT, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS activities of daily living, pain, symptoms, sport, and quality of life), Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36 physical function [PF] and Physical Component Summary), and EuroQol-5 Dimension questionnaires. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to compare instruments. Instrument correlations were defined as excellent (>0.7), excellent to good (0.61-0.69), good (0.4 to 0.6), and poor ( Results A total of 293 knees in 275 patients (54.5% male) undergoing 319 cartilage procedures were analyzed. The most commonly performed cartilage procedure was chondroplasty (n = 118; 37.0%), followed by microfracture (n = 100; 31.3%). The mean age was 34.0 ± 14.7 and the mean body mass index was 30.0 ± 6.9. The PROMIS PF CAT had an excellent correlation with the SF-36 PF (r = 0.819; P Conclusion The PROMIS PF CAT is an effective tool for preoperative outcome assessment in patients with cartilage defects of the knee. It correlates strongly with legacy PRO measures of physical function with no ceiling and floor effects and a minimal time burden for completion. Further study is warranted to determine postoperative performance and to evaluate the responsiveness of PROMIS to change within a patient. Level of Evidence III; Prognostic retrospective comparative study.
Ethnic variances in socializing young children’s mastery motivation among White, African American, and Hispanic low-income families

Abstract Mastery motivation is an individual’s drive to master and influence the environment and overcome challenges. Family plays the most important role in fostering children’s mastery motivation development, starting from a young age. However, there is no unique way of socializing children’s mastery motivation. The current study focused on ethnic variations in the patterns of parents’ behaviors (autonomy supportiveness, cognitive stimulation, and intrusiveness) when children encounter challenges, among White, African American, and Hispanic low-income families. Using Latent profile analysis (LPA), the study indicated unique parenting styles in each ethnic groups. Especially, majority of African American and Hispanic parents’ response styles cannot be captured by Self-Determination Theory and empirical studies which based on white sample. Through comparing children’s persistence and frustration across groups within each ethnic group, African American and Hispanic groups have more than one effective parenting styles in supporting children’s mastery motivation. This study indicated the diversity in socializing young children’s mastery motivation, and informed future ethnic adaptive practices in supporting young children’s mastery motivation.
Psychoanalysis and Developmental Transitions: An Introduction to the Panel

This introduction explores the relationship between development and intrapsychic change during analytic treatment.
MSK-ACCESS for noninvasive somatic mutation profiling of lung cancers utilizing circulating tumor DNA.

3529Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising strategy for non-invasive molecular profiling of cancers. MSK-ACCESS (Analysis of Circulating cfDNA...
Rotational self-alignment of graphene seeds for nanoribbon synthesis on Ge(001) via chemical vapor deposition

The chemical vapor deposition of CH4 on Ge(001) results in the anisotropic synthesis of graphene nanoribbons that are aligned to Ge⟨110⟩ and have faceted armchair edges, sub-10 nm widths, and lengths greater than 100 nm. The utilization of small graphene seeds to initiate nanoribbon synthesis provides control over the nanoribbon placement and orientation. However, in order to exclusively grow nanoribbons and suppress the concomitant growth of lower aspect ratio crystals, it is imperative to control the crystallographic orientation of the seeds with respect to the Ge lattice. Here, we demonstrate that when seeds are less than 18 nm in diameter, they are able to rotate upon annealing at 910 °C prior to nanoribbon synthesis. The effect of this rotation on the resulting nanoribbons’ orientation is characterized as a function of the diameter and initial crystallographic orientation of the seeds. The seeds preferentially rotate to an orientation in which an armchair direction of their lattice is parallel to Ge⟨110⟩—subsequently maximizing the anisotropy in growth kinetics. By exploiting this seed rotation phenomenon, we demonstrate the fabrication of seamless nanoribbon meshes and gain understanding that will affect future efforts to create arrays of unidirectionally aligned nanoribbons.
β1- and β2-integrins: central players in regulating vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation

The integrin family, an indispensable part of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, consists of a group of heterodimeric adhesion receptors formed by α- and β-integrin subunits. Their wide expression and unique bidirectional signaling pathways allow them to play roles in a variety of biological activities including blood clot formation, cell attachment, and migration. Evidence suggests that integrins are essential regulators of the initiation of acute inflammation, especially two key aspects of this process i.e., vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment. This mini-review discusses the importance of integrins at the onset of the acute inflammatory response and outlines research advances regarding the function of integrins and their modulators at different stages of this process. Insights into the fine-tuning of integrin signaling during acute inflammation may inspire the design of new drugs for inflammatory diseases.
On Direct vs Indirect Data-Driven Predictive Control

In this work, we compare the direct and indirect approaches to data-driven predictive control of stochastic linear time-invariant systems. The distinction between the two approaches lies in the fact that the indirect approach involves identifying a lower dimensional model from data which is then used in a certainty-equivalent control design, while the direct approach avoids this intermediate step altogether. Working within an optimization-based framework, we find that the suboptimality gap measuring the control performance w.r.t. the optimal model-based control design vanishes with the size of the dataset only with the direct approach. The indirect approach has a higher rate of convergence, but its suboptimality gap does not vanish as the size of the dataset increases. This reveals the existence of two distinct regimes of performance as the size of the dataset of input-output behaviors is increased. We show that the indirect approach, by relying on the identification of a lower dimensional model, has lower variance and outperforms the direct approach for smaller datasets, while it incurs an asymptotic bias as a result of the process noise and a (possibly) incorrect assumption on the order of the identified model. The direct approach, however, does not incur an asymptotic bias, and outperforms the indirect approach for larger datasets. Ultimately, by revealing the existence of two non-asymptotic regimes for the performance of direct and indirect data-driven predictive control designs, our study suggests that neither approach is invariably superior and that the choice of design must, in practice, be informed by the available dataset.
Optimal management of patients with operable pancreatic head cancer: A Markov decision analysis.

INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is an emerging strategy for operable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While NAT increases multimodal therapy completion, it risks functional decline and treatment dropout. We used decision analysis to determine optimal management of localized PDAC and consider risks faced by elderly patients. METHODS A Markov cohort decision analysis model evaluated treatment options for a 60-year-old patient with resectable PDAC: (1) upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy or (2) NAT. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. A subanalysis considered the scenario of a 75-year-old patient. RESULTS For the base case, NAT offered an incremental survival gain of 4.6 months compared with SF (overall survival: 26.3 vs. 21.7 months). In one-way sensitivity analyses, findings were sensitive to recurrence-free survival for NAT patients undergoing adjuvant, probability of completing NAT, and probability of being resectable at exploration after NAT. On probabilistic analysis, NAT was favored in a majority of trials (97%) with a median survival benefit of 5.1 months. In altering the base case for the 75-year-old scenario, NAT had a survival benefit of 3.8 months. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates a significant benefit to NAT in patients with localized PDAC. This benefit persists even in the elderly cohort.
Naïve Bayesian network-based contribution analysis of tumor biology and healthcare factors to racial disparity in breast cancer stage-at-diagnosis.

Variation in breast cancer stage at initial diagnosis (including racial disparities) is driven both by tumor biology and healthcare factors. We studied women age 67–74 with initial diagnosis of breast cancer from 2006 through 2014 in the SEER-Medicare database. We extracted variables related to tumor biology (histologic grade and hormone receptor status) and healthcare factors (screening mammography [SM] utilization and time delay from mammography to diagnostic biopsy). We used naive Bayesian networks (NBNs) to illustrate the relationships among patient-specific factors and stage-at-diagnosis for African American (AA) and white patients separately. After identifying and controlling confounders, we conducted counterfactual inference through the NBN, resulting in an unbiased evaluation of the causal effects of individual factors on the expected utility of stage-at-diagnosis. An NBN-based decomposition mechanism was developed to evaluate the contributions of each patient-specific factor to an actual racial disparity in stage-at-diagnosis. 2000 bootstrap samples from our training patients were used to compute the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of these contributions. Using a causal-effect contribution analysis, the relative contributions of each patient-specific factor to the actual racial disparity in stage-at-diagnosis were as follows: tumor grade, 45.1% (95% CI: 44.5%, 45.8%); hormone receptor status, 5.0% (4.5%, 5.4%); mammography utilization, 23.1% (22.4%, 24.0%); and biopsy delay 26.8% (26.1%, 27.3%). The modifiable mechanisms of mammography utilization and biopsy delay drive about 49.9% of racial difference in stage-at-diagnosis, potentially guiding more targeted interventions to eliminate cancer outcome disparities.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African American cancer survivors.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound effects on population health to date. African American cancer survivors are particularly vulnerable to developing severe consequences; therefore, understanding the impact of the virus on this patient population is critical. Methods The Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort is a unique effort to understand the determinants of poor outcomes in African American cancer survivors. To date, more than 4500 cancer survivors and nearly 950 primary caregivers have been enrolled; participation includes a survey and the collection of biospecimens, medical records, and tumor tissue. Beginning in the spring of 2020, a supplemental survey focusing on the impact of COVID-19 was offered to enrolled participants. The analysis included 890 survivors. Results Nearly all survivors (>99%) reported changes in their daily activities in an effort to reduce the risk of infection. More than 40% of the survivors reported some disruption in their access to medical care. A substantial proportion of the survivors (>40%) reported feeling anxious, depressed, and/or isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 40% of the patients reported changes in health behaviors shown to negatively affect survivorship outcomes (physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol use) as a result of the pandemic. Conclusions The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on African American cancer survivors is substantial: it has affected both their physical and mental health. Coupled with changes in health behaviors, these factors will likely affect outcomes in this high-risk patient population, and this makes further study and interventions necessary to mitigate the long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer outcomes.
Pecan: An Automated Theorem Prover for Automatic Sequences using Büchi Automata.

Pecan is an automated theorem prover for reasoning about properties of Sturmian words, an important object in the field of combinatorics on words. It is capable of efficiently proving non-trivial mathematical theorems about all Sturmian words.
A Comparative Study of Rotary Instrumentation of the Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROTARY INSTRUMENTATION OF THE MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR BUCCAL ROOT UTILIZING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY By Stephan J. Zigo III, DDS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011. Director: Karan J. Replogle, DDS, MS Department Chair, Department of Endodontics The study objective was to determine cementum-dentin wall thickness along the furcation groove in maxillary bifurcated first premolars after preparation with three successively larger, 0.04 tapered, nickel titanium rotary files. Pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation imaging was accomplished utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography. All data was analyzed using an ANOVA. Instrumentation resulted in a significant reduction in dentin-cementum wall thickness (p < .001). At mid-groove, predicted dentin-cementum wall thickness (95% CI) was equal to or less than the proposed standard (0.50 mm) for apical file sizes 30, 35, and 40 respectively. Instrumentation of the mid-groove in maxillary first premolars reduces dentin-cementum wall thickness to levels that may be insufficient to ensure tooth integrity.
Modular Preservation of Safety Properties by Cookie-Based DoS-Protection Wrappers

Current research on verifying security properties of communication protocols has focused on proving integrity and confidentiality using models that include a strong Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) threat. By contrast, protection measures against Denial-of-Service (DoS) must assume a weaker model in which an adversary has only limited ability to interfere with network communications. In this paper we demonstrate a modular reasoning framework in which a protocol $\mathcal{P}$ that satisfies certain security properties can be assured to retain these properties after it is "wrapped" in a protocol $\mathcal{W}[\mathcal{P}]$ that adds DoS protection. This modular wrapping is based on the "onion skin" model of actor reflection. In particular, we show how a common DoS protection mechanism based on cookies can be applied to a protocol while provably preserving safety properties (including confidentiality and integrity) that it was shown to have in a MitM threat model.
Trial-by-trial motor adaptation: a window into elemental neural computation

How does the brain compute? To address this question, mathematical modelers, neurophysiologists, and psychophysicists have sought behaviors that provide evidence of specific neural computations. Human motor behavior consists of several such computations [Shadmehr, R., Wise, S.P. (2005). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA], such as the transformation of a sensory input to a motor output. The motor system is also capable of learning new transformations to produce novel outputs; humans have the remarkable ability to alter their motor output to adapt to changes in their own bodies and the environment [Wolpert, D.M., Ghahramani, Z. (2000). Nat. Neurosci., 3: 1212-1217]. These changes can be long term, through growth and changing body proportions, or short term, through changes in the external environment. Here we focus on trial-by-trial adaptation, the transformation of individually sensed movements into incremental updates of adaptive control. These investigations have the promise of revealing important basic principles of motor control and ultimately guiding a new understanding of the neuronal correlates of motor behaviors.
Basic Theistic Belief

In several recent writings and in the 1980 Freemantle Lectures at Oxford, Alvin Plantinga has defended the idea that belief in God is ‘properly basic,’ by which he means that it is perfectly rational to hold such a belief without basing it on any other beliefs. The defense falls naturally into two broad parts: a positive argument for the rationality of such beliefs, and a rebuttal of the charge that if such a positive argument ‘succeeds,’ then a parallel argument will ‘succeed’ equally well in showing that belief in the Great Pumpkin is properly basic. (It is taken as obvious that ‘the Great Pumpkin objection,’ unrebutted, would constitute a reductio ad absurdum of the claim that the positive argument had succeeded in proving anything at all.) In this essay I shall argue both that Plantinga has partially misconceived the objection, and that he has not succeeded, indeed cannot succeed, in rebutting it, for the objection does in fact constitute a reductio ad absurdum of his position. For the sake of ease of exposition, I shall first provide a bare sketch of the positive argument, though I shall discuss it directly only as it bears on the attempted reductio.
Transurethral Holmium Laser Cystolithotripsy in Children: Single Center Experience.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate prospectively safety and efficacy of transurethral cystolithotripsy (CL) in children using holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. This is important in developing countries, because the risk of bladder stones in children is high. Open cystolithotomy (OC) was the main line of treatment. A gradual shift has occurred toward endourologic treatment after improvement of pediatric endoscopes. Patients and Methods: Between January 2010 and May 2011, 33 children 4 cm were excluded. Cystoscopies were performed under general anesthesia using 9 to 11F cystoscopes. Stones were completely fragmented under video guidance. Ho:YAG was applied at a power of 30 W. Results: Median age was 3 years (0.5–11). Mean stone size was 2.02±0.82 cm (1–4 cm). Mean operative duration was 31.21 minutes (20–50). All children wer...
Erratum: “Impact of symmetry on the ferroelectric properties of CaTiO3 thin films” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 162904 (2015)]

Erratum: “Impact of symmetry on the ferroelectric properties of CaTiO3 thin films” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 162904 (2015)] Michael D. Biegalski, Liang Qiao, Yijia Gu, Apurva Mehta, Qian He, Yayoi Takamura, Albina Borisevich, and Long-Qing Chen Citation: Applied Physics Letters 106, 219901 (2015); doi: 10.1063/1.4921711 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921711 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/106/21?ver=pdfcov Published by the AIP Publishing Articles you may be interested in Phenomenological theory of phase transitions in epitaxial Ba x Sr1− x TiO3 thin films on (111)-oriented cubic substrates J. Appl. Phys. 118, 024101 (2015); 10.1063/1.4926788 Impact of symmetry on the ferroelectric properties of CaTiO3 thin films Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 162904 (2015); 10.1063/1.4918805 Effect of elastic compliances and higher order Landau coefficients on the phase diagram of single domain epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films AIP Advances 4, 127150 (2014); 10.1063/1.4905265 Low-temperature dielectric behavior of BiFeO3-modified CaTiO3 incipient ferroelectric ceramics J. Appl. Phys. 111, 126101 (2012); 10.1063/1.4729080 Effect of anisotropic in-plane strains on phase states and dielectric properties of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 052903 (2005); 10.1063/1.1855389 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP: 169.237.64.153 On: Fri, 07 Aug 2015 16:42:34
The frequency-dependence of the nicotine-induced inhibition of dopamine is controlled by the α7 nicotinic receptor.

Voltammetric analyses show that low (100–500 nM) doses of nicotine regulate striatal dopamine by inhibiting release evoked by a single stimulation to a greater extent than release evoked by high frequency stimulations. This frequency-dependent inhibition is because of nicotine desensitizing heteromeric β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 μM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the β2 antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide. This inhibition was replicated by application of α7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or α-bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide. Blocking α7 receptor function alone produced a modest increase in dopamine evoked by single pulse stimulation while not affecting dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation. The antagonist results were mimicked using selective α7 agonists PHA 543613 and PNU 282987. The frequency dependence of the low dose nicotine inhibition therefore requires functional α7 nAChRs, and may arise from differing levels of endogenous acetylcholine evoked by the stimulation.
Non-Commutative Disc Algebras and Their Representations

It is shown that the smallest closed subalgebra Alg(Ir, V m,*.*, V,) C 13(IC) (n = 2,3, ..., Oo) generated by any sequence V, .. ., Vn of isometries on a Hilbert space IC such that Vi V1* + . + VThV, < IKc is completely isometrically isomorphic to the non-commutative "disc" algebra A, introduced in Math. Scand. 68 (1991), 292-304. We also prove that for n 0 m the Banach algebras A,, and Am are not isomorphic. In particular, we give an example of two non-isomorphic Banach algebras which are completely isometrically embedded in each other. The completely bounded (contractive) representations of the "disc" algebras A,, (n = 2, 3, ... ., oo) on a Hilbert space are characterized. In particular, we prove that a sequence of operators A1, A2, ... is simultaneously similar to a contractive sequence T1, T2,... (i.e., TlT, + * + TnTn < I ) if and only if it is completely polynomially bounded. The first cohomology group of A,, with coefficients in C is calculated, showing, in particular, that the disc algebras are not amenable. Similar results are proved for the non-commutative Hardy algebras Fnj' introduced in Math. Scand. 68 (1991), 292-304. The right joint spectrum of the left creation operators on the full Fock space is also determined.
The relationship between mother to child calories served and maternal perception of hunger

Background Research has examined self-serving portions in adults and children and has shown that larger portion size is related to more calories consumed. The present study examines factors that may influence the portion sizes a mother serves her child at a mealtime. Methods The present observational study included a community-based sample of 29 mother–child dyads. Dyads attended a 1-h session in which they shared a meal together. A buffet of food was provided and the mother was asked to serve her child and herself. The amount of food served and consumed by the child was recorded. Main independent variables of interest included maternal body mass index (BMI), child BMI Z-score, and maternal perception of personal and child hunger. The primary dependent variable was the total calories the mother served her child. Regression models and a moderated mediation were used to examine the relation between variables. Results Calories served to the child was positively associated with calories consumed by the child. Maternal perception of her own hunger was related to her perception of her child's hunger. Furthermore, maternal perception of child hunger explained the relationship between maternal perception of personal hunger and total calories served to the child, although only for obese mothers. Conclusions Mothers may be serving their children larger portion sizes based on their personal weight and their perception of their child's hunger. To help children obtain or maintain a healthy weight, obesity prevention and intervention programmes should help mothers serve more appropriate serving sizes to their children.
The Availability of Causal Information during Reading.

We conducted five experiments to examine readers’ access to backgrounded causal information in the absence of a local coherence break. Participants read surprise‐ending stories in which some story actions were explained by information in the preceding context, as well as information about the protagonist's ulterior motives disclosed in the story's conclusion. Some participants received information about the story's ending before reading the story, whereas other participants received no prior information. We found that participants who received prior knowledge about the story exhibited longer reading times for actions relevant to this knowledge, used this knowledge to explain the actions, and recalled more ideas from the story than did participants with no prior knowledge. We discuss the implications of these results for evaluating the constructionist model of inferential processing.
Assessing the Impact of Meteorological History on Subtropical Cloud Fraction

This study presents findings from the application of a new Lagrangian method used to evaluate the meteorological sensitivities of subtropical clouds in the northeast Atlantic. Parcel back trajectories are used to account for the influence of previous meteorological conditions on cloud properties, whereas forward trajectories highlight the continued evolution of cloud state. Satellite retrievals from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) provide measurements of cloud properties as well as atmospheric state. These are complemented by meteorological fields from the ECMWF operational analysis model. Observations are composited by cloud fraction, and mean trajectories are used to evaluate differences between each composite. Systematic differences in meteorological conditions are found to extend through the full 144-h trajectories, confirming the need to account for cloud history in assessing impacts on cloud properties. Most striking among these is the observation that strong synoptic-scale divergence is associated with reduced cloud fraction 0‐12 h later. Consistent with prior work, the authors find that cloud cover variations correlate best with variations in lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) and SST that are 36 h upwind. In addition, the authors find that freetropospheric humidity, along-trajectory SST gradient, and surface fluxes all correlate best at lags ranging from 0 to 12 h. Overall, cloud cover appears to be most strongly impacted by variations in surface divergence over short time scales (,12 h) and by factors influencing boundary layer stratification over longer time scales (12‐48 h). Notably, in the early part of the trajectories several of the above associations are reversed. In particular, when trajectories computed for small cloud fraction scenes are traced back 72 h, they are found to originate in conditions of weaker surface divergence and stronger surface fluxes relative to those computed for large cloud fraction scenes. Coupled with a drier boundary layer and warmer SSTs, this suggests that a decoupling of the boundary layer precedes cloud dissipation. The authors develop an approximation for the stratification of the boundary layer and find further evidence that stratification plays a role in differentiating between developing and dissipating clouds.
Assessment of a modified 4T scoring system for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study is to determine if a modified 4T (m4T) scoring system, which omits clinical evaluation of other thrombocytopenic etiologies, is different from the 4T scoring system's probability to predict a positive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) laboratory test in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods This is a single-centered retrospective analysis of critically ill adults who had an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antiplatelet factor 4 antibody (ELISA anti-PF4 Ab) ordered. Patients were identified as HIT positive (optical density, ≥ 0.40) or HIT negative (optical density, Results A total of 1487 adult intensive care unit patients with an ELISA anti-PF4 Ab ordered between January 2007 and December 2009 were eligible for study enrollment. Application of exclusion criteria and random selection yielded a total of 232 patients included for analysis (58 HIT-positive and 174 HIT-negative patients). The area under the curve for the 4T and m4T scores were 0.683 (95% confidence interval, 0.604-0.762) and 0.680 (95% confidence interval, 0.600-0.759), respectively (P = .065). Conclusion This study does not show a difference in the probability of the m4T and 4T scoring systems to predict a positive ELISA anti-PF4 Ab test in the critically ill patient population. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the m4T scoring system.
Least-Index Resolution of Degeneracy in Quadratic Programming.

In this study, we combine least-index pivot selection rules with Keller's algorithm for quadratic programming to obtain a finite method for processing degenerate problems.
Feign versus flight : influences of temperature, body size and locomotor abilities on death feigning in neonate snakes

Death feigning is a potentially important behaviour used by a wide variety of animals to increase the probability of escape from a would-be predator. Few data are available on the influence of various factors on death feigning in vertebrates, especially ectotherms, because of difficulties in consistently stimulating the behaviour under controlled conditions. I examined the effects of temperature, body size and locomotor performance on death feigning in neonate brown snakes, Storeria dekayi, in the laboratory. Brown snakes consistently feigned death in water, and contrary to predictions, were more likely to feign death and to feign death longer as temperature increased. Q10 values for death-feigning durations (mean = 2.79) were greater than those for maximal swimming velocities (mean = 1.77) between 10°C and 20°C. However, no statistical difference was detected between Q10 values for feigning durations (mean = 1.11) and swimming velocities (mean = 1.28) between 20°C and 30°C. At 30°C, swimming velocity was negatively correlated with death-feigning duration. Moreover, body size was negatively related to death-feigning duration at 30°C. These results suggest that temperature probably plays a large role in the decision by ectotherms to death feign, and that an animal's locomotor abilities and body size potentially influence the likelihood and duration of death feigning at optimal temperatures. However, physiological constraints greatly reduce the use of death-feigning behaviours at suboptimal temperatures, regardless of locomotor abilities and body size. Therefore, other stationary defensive behaviours are probably more important at suboptimal temperatures.
Generation times: ancestral dependence and dependence upon cell size.

Abstract Earlier generation time data and records for E. coli B r were reexamined, and confirm and extend evidence that the generation times of cells are dependent upon those of their ancestors for a period of three generations. The generation times of individual cells show significant negative correlations with the mean generation times of two or more successive generations in their ancestral or progeny lines. In addition, the relationships between the lengths of these cells at birth and their final lengths at division show that the permissible ranges for the generation times of daughter cells are determined by the final lengths of their parent at division. When considered with the absence of a significant correlation between mothers and daughters and the absence of significant correlations between other pairs of single cells in a progeny line, these results require that generation times are affected by at least two compensatory factors transmitted through the cytoplasm from mother to daughter. These results are in disagreement with some assumptions of all known models for generation time distributions.
Treatment of uterine fibroids

Abstract Uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors that arise from myometrial smooth muscle cells. They are present in 20–25% of women of reproductive age. These benign tumors are generally firm, well circumscribed and composed of smooth muscle cells in an interdigitating pattern separated by fibrous connective tissue. Fibroids are more common in black women, and on an average, 50% of all laparotomies for a pelvic pathology are performed for myomas. If asymptomatic, they can generally be managed expectantly, but 75% do have symptoms. 1 , 2 Up to one third of patients experience abnormal uterine bleeding and/or abdominal or pelvic pain. 3 They have also been associated with both impaired fertility and poor obstetric outcome. The incidence of malignancy is small, and has been reported to be 0.29% in a study of 33,000 pathology specimens. 1 Patients presenting with infertility and with abnormal uterine bleeding have a higher incidence of uterine fibroids. Possible symptoms of uterine fibroids include bleeding, pressure, pelvic pain, recurrent pregnancy loss, bladder or bowel symptoms, and infertility. Generally, uterine myomas arise from a single smooth muscle cell clone, which proliferates beyond normal control mechanisms. Surgical treatment options include laparotomy with myomectomy, hysteroscopic myoma resection, or laparoscopic myomectomy. More recently, treatment of submucosal myomas has been managed almost exclusively by operative hysteroscopy. The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly discuss symptoms and diagnosis but to primarily focus on treatment.
Seeing Through Spectacles The Woman Suffrage Movement and London Newspapers, 1906–13

Between 1906 and 1914, the Woman Suffrage Movement in London produced aseries of public spectacles designed to bring the suffrage cause to the attention of politicians and citizens. During this same period, daily newspapers designed for mass reading surpassed in sales the older, class-based newspapers. A survey of stories and photographs published in the mass pressreveals how the press and the movement collaborated in bringing to readersa new sense of urban life as restless, dynamic and forward moving. Catering to reader and spectator curiosity – a disinterested and ambiguous form of post-Enlightenment attention – the press and themovement strengthened each other’s intent to capture the eyes and minds of a city fascinated by its own image.
Surgical management of Crohn’s colitis

Crohn's disease in childhood is changing. The incidence is increasing, colonic disease is becoming more prevalent in younger children, and colon reconstruction is more acceptable. Genetic phenotypes are influencing decisions for surgery, and targeted immunotherapy has renewed hope for more durable remissions following less extensive resections. The tasks facing the surgeon evaluating a child with Crohn's colitis include confirming the specific diagnostic subtype and selecting the correct procedure. This chapter will review the unique aspects of pediatric Crohn's colitis and the increased complexity of surgical choice for this most challenging presentation. Recent success with less extensive surgery offers renewed hope for children with intractable colonic disease.