cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting the CXCR4 pathway using a novel anti-CXCR4 IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The CXCR4-CXCL12 axis plays an important role in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-microenvironment interaction. Overexpression of CXCR4 has been reported in different hematological malignancies including CLL. Binding of the pro-survival chemokine CXCL12 with its cognate receptor CXCR4 induces cell migration. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis promotes cell survival and proliferation and may contribute to the tropism of leukemia cells towards lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting CXCR4 with an IgG1 antibody, PF-06747143, may constitute an effective therapeutic approach for CLL. Patient-derived primary CLL-B cells were assessed for cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of CLL microenvironment. PF-06747143 was analyzed for cell death induction and for its potential to interfere with the chemokine CXCL12-induced mechanisms, including migration and F-actin polymerization. PF-06747143 in vivo efficacy was determined in a CLL murine xenograft tumor model. PF-06747143, a novel-humanized IgG1 CXCR4 antagonist antibody, induced cell death of patient-derived primary CLL-B cells, in presence or absence of stromal cells. Moreover, cell death induction by the antibody was independent of CLL high-risk prognostic markers. The cell death mechanism was dependent on CXCR4 expression, required antibody bivalency, involved reactive oxygen species production, and did not require caspase activation, all characteristics reminiscent of programmed cell death (PCD). PF-06747143 also induced potent B-CLL cytotoxicity via Fc-driven antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity activity (CDC). PF-06747143 had significant combinatorial effect with standard of care (SOC) agents in B-CLL treatment, including rituximab, fludarabine (F-ara-A), ibrutinib, and bendamustine. In a CLL xenograft model, PF-06747143 decreased tumor burden and improved survival as a monotherapy, and in combination with bendamustine. We show evidence that PF-06747143 has biological activity in CLL primary cells, supporting a rationale for evaluation of PF-06747143 for the treatment of CLL patients.
The Polynomial Chaos Method

Separation of variables is a powerful idea in the study of partial differential equations, and the polynomial chaos method is a particular implementation of this idea for stochastic equations. While the elementary outcome ω is typically never mentioned explicitly in the notation of random objects, it is a variable that can potentially be separated from other variables, and the objective of this chapter is to outline a systematic approach to doing just that. Along the way, it quickly becomes clear that many ideas are closely connected to another modern branch of stochastic analysis, namely, Malliavin Calculus, and we explore these connections throughout.
INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL TRAFFIC AND KOYCEGIZ LAKEON THE WATER QUALITY OF DALYAN CHANNEL NETWORK

Koycegiz-Dalyan Lagoon is situated in the southwestern region of Turkey. The area between the K ycegiz Lake and the seais covered with four small lakes and numerous canals. The Dalyan Channel network connects lake to the Mediterranean Seais one of the most important reproduction areas for Mediterranean Sea turtles. The objectives of the present study are toevaluate the influence of channel traffic and K ycegiz Lake on the water quality of Dalyan Channel by evaluating historicalwater quality data from 2007 to 2011 at three monitoring sites; two located at Dalyan Channel and one in K ycegiz Lake. Specific objectives are to perform trend analysis for; (i) concentration trends; (ii) load estimation (mass of pollutantsdelivered); (iii) TN:TP Ratio (trophic status trends); (iv) TSI (eutrophication trends); and (v) the WQI (environmental quality trends) for K ycegiz Lake. Results showed that TSI (trophic state index) values of both SD (secchi depth) and TP (total phosphate) remained within the range of eutrophic category for the lake from 2007 to 2011. The calculated TN/TP ratios suggest that K ycegiz Lake can be considered to be P limited with a few exceptions. The lake has poor water quality index (POOR WQI) between 2007 and 2011. This is mainly due to land-based fish farm located on Yuvarlak ay Creek which born within the K ycegiz-Dalyan SEPA and drains directly into K ycegiz Lake. In addition to change in water quality class of the creek before and after fish farming, TP concentration incidence also increased after fish farming from 2008 to 2011. This study also revealed that activities like touristic boat trips performed in Dalyan Channel didn t significantly affect the water quality class of channel in terms of NO2 N, TP concentrations and the number of total coliforms.
Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Porous Magnesium Processed Through Powder Metallurgy

Porous magnesium (Mg) samples with various overall porosities (28.4 ± 1.8%, 35.5 ± 2.5%, 45.4 ± 1.9%, and 62.4 ± 2.2%) were processed through powder metallurgy and characterized to study their mechanical properties. Different porosities were obtained by utilizing different mass fractions of space holder camphene. Camphene was removed by sublimation before sintering and contributed to processing porous Mg with high purity and small average pore size. The average pore size increased from 5.2 µm to 15.1 µm with increase of the porosity from 28.4 ± 1.8% to 62.4 ± 2.2%. Compressive strain–stress data showed that the strain hardening rate, yield strength, and ultimate compressive strength decreased with increase of the porosity. The theoretical yield strength of porous Mg obtained using the Gibson–Ashby model agreed with experimental data.
Graph Capsule Convolutional Neural Networks

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) are the most recent exciting advancement in deep learning field and their applications are quickly spreading in multi-cross-domains including bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, social networks, natural language processing and computer vision. In this paper, we expose and tackle some of the basic weaknesses of a GCNN model with a capsule idea presented in \cite{hinton2011transforming} and propose our Graph Capsule Network (GCAPS-CNN) model. In addition, we design our GCAPS-CNN model to solve especially graph classification problem which current GCNN models find challenging. Through extensive experiments, we show that our proposed Graph Capsule Network can significantly outperforms both the existing state-of-art deep learning methods and graph kernels on graph classification benchmark datasets.
Transcending the barriers of cultural diversity in health care

The focus of this paper is on the diverse cultures impacting health care. Initiatives to advance a sense of responsibility, a unified, competent health care congruent with multicultural requirements of people in a kaleidoscopic society are cited. Selected scenarios depicting barriers in transcultural/cross-cultural health care are presented, and mechanisms to transcend the barriers are advocated.
Genetics, chemistry, and biochemical physiology in the study of hormonal homeostasis

More than one hundred years ago, on October 11, 1878, the then 26 year old Professor of Chemistry, Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff, gave his inaugural lecture in the Auditorium Maximum of the newly endowed State University of Amsterdam. His lecture was entitled, “Imagination in Science” (Springer, 1967). We may surmise that van ‘t Hoff’s imagination was not coincident with that of his peers. A colleague described van ‘t Hoff’s work as follows: “This natural philosophy, which had been put aside by exact science, is at present being dragged out by pseudo scientists from the junk-room which harbors such failings of the human mind, as is dressed up in modem fashion and rouged freshly like a whore whom one tries to smuggle into good society where she does not belong.” In a similar vein, in 1871, a few years before van ‘t Hoff’s lecture, Theophil Ciesielski published his Ph.D. thesis demonstrating that something was secreted by the root tip which controlled the growth of the elongation zone-discovering in this manner, the plant growth hormone we now call auxin (Ciesielski, 1872). Ciesielski, like van ‘t Hoff, was disagreed with, in this case by the all powerful Sachs, and Ciesielski’s work received little recognition (Heslop-Harrison, 1980). Were it not for the efforts of the prestigious Charles Darwin, even the notion of a plant hormone might not have survived.
Safety of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the US vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS), 2009-2017.

Aims Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines prevent infection with oncogenic virus types. We analysed reports to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) of adverse events (AE) following bivalent HPV vaccine (2vHPV). Methods We conducted descriptive analysis of 2vHPV reports, reviewed individual reports, calculated crude AE reporting rates and conducted empirical Bayesian data mining. Results Of 241 2vHPV reports, 158 were in females, 64 in males (2vHPV is approved for females only) and 19 with unknown sex; 95.8% were classified as nonserious. Dizziness, headache, nausea and injection site reactions were the most common symptoms. Crude AE reporting rates were 33.3 reports per 100 000 doses distributed overall, and 1.4 per 100 000 for serious reports. Empirical Bayesian data mining identified disproportional reporting for three types of medical errors; assessment indicated findings that were probably driven by inadvertent 2vHPV use in males. Conclusions We did not identify any new or unexpected safety concerns in our review of 2vHPV reports to VAERS.
Crowdsourcing Intelligent Research Participants: A Student versus MTurk Comparison

ABSTRACT The use of online workers as research participants has grown in recent years, prompting interest in how online workers compare to traditional accounting research participants. To date, no ...
Abstract WP199: Enhancing Perception of Self-motion After Stroke Using Virtual Reality Affects Gait Adaptation in Those With High Levels of Gait Asymmetry

Introduction: Perception of self-motion through virtual reality (VR) provides a unique avenue to mimic natural gait while walking in rehabilitation centers or clinics. This is important for enhanci...
Is Instructor (Faculty) Modeling an Effective Practice for Teacher Education? Insights and Supports for New Research

ABSTRACTInstructor modeling is a practice that is supported by bold claims of effectiveness and importance in teacher education. In this literature review, we identify theoretical and constructive ...
Design of a Soft Ankle-Foot Orthosis Exosuit for Foot Drop Assistance

This paper presents the design of a soft ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) exosuit to aid natural gait restoration for individuals suffering from foot drop. The sock-like AFO is comprised of soft actuators made from fabric-based, thermally-bonded nylon and designed to be worn over the users shoes. The system assists dorsiflexion during swing phase of the gait cycle utilizing a contracting soft actuator, and provides ankle joint proprioception during stance with a variable stiffness soft actuator. A computational model is developed using finite element analysis to optimize the performance characteristics of the fabric actuators prior to fabrication, maximize contraction, and minimize overall volume. The dorsiflexion actuator is able to achieve a linear tensile force of 197 N at 200 kPa. The variable stiffness actuator generates up to 1. 2 Nm of torque at the same pressure. The computational model and soft AFO are experimentally validated and with a healthy participant through kinematic and electromyography studies. When active the AFO is capable of reducing by 13.3% the activity of the muscle responsible for ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase.
Linkage of the gene for an X-linked mental retardation disorder to a hypervariable (AGAT)n repeat motif within the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus (Xq26).

Abstract We recently reported a new X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) disorder in a four-generation family of Dutch descent. Features included Dandy-Walker malformation, basal ganglia disease, and seizures. Twenty-six family members, including two living affected males and two obligate carriers, were available for study. No evidence of linkage was observed between the disease locus and RFLPs from several X-chromosome regions, including Xp21-p22 (13 markers), proximal Xq (four markers), and Xq28 (three markers). However, a new hypervariable short tandem repeat (STR) within the HPRT gene at Xq26 showed positive linkage to the disease locus, with a maximum lod score of 2.19 at a recombination fraction of 0. A second hypervariable marker in Xq26, the dinucleotide repeat XL90A3 (DXS425), showed a lod score of .84 at a recombination fraction of .11. Both the HPRT and DXS425 markers were typed in 40 CEPH families, and subsequent multipoint linkage analysis showed the following order: Xcen-DXS425-(HPRT,XLMR)-F9-qter. HPRT and these flanking markers are therefore useful for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in this family. This study illustrates that hypervariable STRs will be powerful tools for linkage analysis and genetic diagnosis, particularly when relatively small families are involved.
Active surveillance of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from a prospective observational study (MaRCC)

Background Systemic therapy (ST) can be deferred in patients who have metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and slow-growing metastases. Currently, this subset of patients managed with active surveillance (AS) is not well described in the literature. Methods This was a prospective observational study of patients with mRCC across 46 US community and academic centers. The objective was to describe baseline characteristics and demographics of patients with mRCC initially managed by AS, reasons for AS, and patient outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize demographics, baseline characteristics, and patient-related outcomes. Wilcoxon 2-sample rank-sum tests and χ2 tests were used to assess differences between ST and AS cohorts in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess survival. Results Of 504 patients, mRCC was initially managed by AS (n = 143) or ST (n = 305); 56 patients were excluded from the analysis. Disease was present in 69% of patients who received AS, whereas the remaining 31% had no evidence of disease. At data cutoff, 72 of 143 patients (50%) in the AS cohort had not received ST. The median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 122 months to not estimable) in patients who received AS versus 30 months (95% CI, 25-44 months) in those who received ST. Quality of life at baseline was significantly better in patients who were managed with AS versus ST. Conclusions AS occurs frequently (32%) in real-world clinical practice and appears to be a safe and appropriate alternative to immediate ST in selected patients.
Cross-Platform Real-Time Simulation Models for Li-ion Batteries in Opal-RT and Typhoon-HIL

Today's power generation fleet is becoming more diversified, including both traditional energy sources and a variety of renewable energy sources. To help operate such a wide variety of energy sources reliably and in harmony, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) provide an alternative that offers a high degree of flexibility. To understand their behaviour and exploit their flexibility, modeling and simulation of ESSs is crucial in using the ESSs to solve the challenges introduced by the increased usage of photo-voltaic, wind, and other renewable energy sources. Most industrial energy storage systems use batteries as the primary energy storage device. This paper reports a simplified model for the Li-ion batteries, which can calculate the state-of-charge (SOC) and output terminal voltage, while still meeting real-time modeling constraints of different hardware platforms. To test the model's validity, its outputs for both charging and discharging modes were compared with those of an existing battery model. The accuracy and performance of the proposed model was analyzed in two different real-time hardware architectures- (i) OPAL-RT OP4520/5030 and (ii) Typhoon HIL 603.
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia

The main treatment modalities for supraventricular tachycardia are medications and catheter ablation. Ablation is appropriate therapy for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in patients who have a preference for ablation over medications, symptoms that are refractory to medications, severe symptoms, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or incessant tachycardia. Ablation also is reasonable as first-line therapy in patients with recurrent typical atrial flutter.
Working as a Diagnostic Radiographer: Relationships with Colleagues

This chapter will outline in more detail the findings from the author’s doctoral study about the culture of the imaging department and how this has an impact on the way in which diagnostic radiographers work and interact with others. This chapter will focus specifically on the relationships that diagnostic radiographers have with their direct colleagues, that is, with other diagnostic radiographers, radiologists and other members of staff working in the imaging department. The relationships that radiographers have with their patients and service users are briefly touched on in this chapter, but this is covered in more depth in Chap. 8.
Perceived Stress, Work-Related Burnout, and Working From Home Before and During COVID-19: An Examination of Workers in the United States

The purpose of the study was to understand the impact of involuntary remote working during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and work-related burnout for workers with an...
Context-Sensitive Compilation*

This chapter describes a procedure for compiling production rules into an equivalent parallel-procedural sequence of ASC andif and andfor statements. Since the compiler is written in ASC, this also provides a nontrivial example of the use of ASC.
The characteristics and motivations of library open source software developers: An empirical study

Abstract Although there is an abundance of literature regarding the motivations of open source software (OSS) developers, researchers have not examined the specific motivations and characteristics of developers participating in library open source software (LOSS) projects. The characteristics and motivations of 126 LOSS developers associated with SourceForge, Foss4Lib, and Code4Lib are explored through an online survey. The questionnaire included items measuring select demographic attributes; scaled items measuring intrinsic, extrinsic, and internalized-extrinsic motivations; and open-ended questions. In comparison with the general OSS community, the results indicate that LOSS developers have high levels of intrinsic (i.e., altruism and fun) and internalized-extrinsic (i.e., learning and personal needs) motivations, higher diversity in gender, higher levels of formal education, previous library-related work experience, and a strong library ethos. Using this research, stakeholders can devise strategies to improve participation in LOSS projects.
Preparing to Become an Engaged Leader

Management is not for the faint of heart. A career in management holds awesome responsibilities accompanied by the consequences of failure that can be far reaching. There are few jobs that provide a person with the opportunity to have a huge impact on the corporate bottom line by achieving results through the guidance and direction of others.
Approximation and implementation of multidimensional digital filters

The approximation and optimal implementation of a single-input single-output multidimensional digital filter with fixed-point arithmetic is investigated. Based on balanced and optimal realizations, a novel structure which minimizes the error due to the order approximation and output round-off noise is obtained. It is shown that for the class of M-D completely separable-in-denominator filters, optimum order structure exhibits some favorable properties such as robustness of the filter's constant coefficients. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed technique. >
Purification and Properties of l-Asparaginase from Serratia marcescens

The purification and properties of a tumor inhibitory l-asparaginase from Serratia marcescens are described. The following properties of the enzyme were examined: kinetics of the enzyme reaction, catalytic activity as a function of pH, boundary sedimentation velocity, electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, immuno-electrophoresis against homologous and heterologous antisera, immunodiffusion, blood clearance rate in mice, and inhibition of the 6C3HED lymphoma in C3H mice. Complete regression of this tumor was obtained with a smaller dose of the enzyme from S. marcescens than with enzyme from Escherichia coli. The reason for this difference was not evident from a comparison of several properties of the two enzymes.
The effect of inner-shell polarization on diagonal stretching force constants: Part III. ACCD results for HF, OH−, NH3, N2, F2 and H2CO

Abstract Results of quadratic stretching force-constant determinations at the TZ + P ACCD and TZ + 2P ACCD levels, in which the second set of polarization functions has been optimized to account for inner-shell polarization (ISP), are presented. Essentially perfect agreement with experiment was found in the cases of HF and NH3 when inner-shell polarization was taken into account. Although in other test cases errors in the force constants arise from other sources, improvement in the force constant is observed on inclusion of ISP functions in the basis.
Impact of PCB decoupling on device electromigration performance

As power consumption of modern SOC or FPGA devices continues to increase, meeting electro migration (EM) requirement becomes a significant challenge. The required number of I/O and power balls increases as the device performance and power increase. However, the available package balls are limited and the number of ground or power balls is often not increased compared to the device performance causing a major EM bottleneck. To accurately capture the maximum current on package balls, we need to perform EM analysis with the local currents instead of traditional average current which assumes that all balls are electrically tied. To further improve the accuracy of EM analysis, we study the impact of PCB decoupling location to package ball current density for the first time. Our study shows that PCB layout has a big impact on the ball current distribution and the issue needs to be addressed from both design and application perspective.
Higher expression levels of 14-3-3sigma in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast predict poorer outcome.

The protein 14-3-3σ is involved in the regulation of cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle progression and proliferation. Disruption of protein expression has been implicated in a number of malignancies. Here we examine the expression pattern of 14-3-3σ in breast cancer and specifically consider whether expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions is predictive of disease outcome. We examined 14-3-3σ protein expression and localization using immunohistochemical staining on a high-density tissue microarray consisting of 157 invasive breast cancer patients. Statistical analyses were used to assess the correlation of 14-3-3σ expression with clinico-pathological parameters and patient outcome. We observed a statistically significant increase in 14-3-3σ protein expression in ductal hyperplasia, DCIS, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as compared normal glandular epithelium. In IDC, lower expression of 14-3-3σ tended to predicted poorer survival time while in DCIS lesions, there was a stronger correlation between relatively higher levels of 14-3-3σ predicting shorter survival time. Further, of patients who had concurrent DCIS and IDC lesions, those that exhibited a decrease of 14-3-3σ expression from DCIS to IDC had significantly shorter survival time. Our findings indicate that 14-3-3σ expression may be a useful prognostic indicator for survival in patients with breast cancer with an elevated 14-3-3σ in earlier disease predicting a less favorable disease outcome. To our knowledge this is the first published study associating 14-3-3σ protein expression with breast cancer survival.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: What We Know and What We Need to Know

In this issue, Drekonja and colleagues reviewed evidence on FMT for CDI. The editorialist discusses the study and stresses the need for further research on this method for treating CDI and other di...
NMDA receptor blockade rescues Clarke's and red nucleus neurons after spinal hemisection.

Hemisection of the adult rat spinal cord at T9 transects the ascending ipsilateral axons of Clarke's nucleus (CN) neurons and the descending contralateral axons of red nucleus (RN) neurons. Eight weeks following axotomy, 30% of CN neurons and 22% of RN neurons die. Since both nuclei receive glutamatergic input, we wished to examine the possibility that glutamatergic excitotoxicity contributes to axotomy-induced neuronal death in these nuclei. To test this we studied the effects of administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on cell survival after axotomy. When 1 mg/kg body weight MK-801 is administered subcutaneously every day for 1–8 weeks to hemisected rats, cell death is prevented. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg body weight MK-801 over the same time periods results in only partial rescue of axotomized neurons. Paradoxically, when 1 mg/kg MK-801 administration is restricted to the first week of an 8 week survival period, cell death in both the RN and CN is greatly exaggerated over the cell loss found in saline-treated animals. Withdrawal of 1 mg/kg MK-801 after 1 week of administration induces the loss of 92% of CN neurons, which is 63% greater than that occurring after axotomy alone. If, however, 1 mg/kg MK-801 is withdrawn after 2 weeks post-axotomy in the RN and 3 weeks postaxotomy in CN, all axotomized neurons survive. This rescue is found at 6 months postsurgery, the longest survival period studied, and therefore appears to be permanent. These results suggest that glutamatergic afferent input contributes significantly to the death of axotomized red nucleus and Clarke's nucleus neurons via NMDA receptors located on these neurons.
Germline transformation of Drosophila virilis mediated by the transposable element hobo.

A laboratory strain of Drosophila virilis was genetically transformed with a hobo vector carrying the miniwhite cassette using a helper plasmid with an hsp70-driven hobo transposase-coding sequence. The rate of transformation was 0.5% per fertile G0 animal. Three transgenic insertions were cloned and characterized and found to be authentic hobo insertions. These results, together with the known wide-spread distribution of hobo in diverse insect species, suggest that hobo and related transposable elements may be of considerable utility in the germline transformation of insects other than D. melanogaster.
Y-piece temperature and humidification during mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Practitioners often presume there is adequate humidification in the ventilator circuit if the Y-piece is at a specified temperature, but control of Y-piece temperature may be inadequate to ensure adequate humidification. METHODS: In an in vitro bench model we measured water-vapor delivery with several heated humidification setups and a wide range of minute volume (VE) values. The setup included a condenser, hygrometry, and thermometer. First, we calibrated the system with a point-source humidifier and water pump. Then we tested the water-vapor delivery during non-heated-wire humidification and during heated-wire humidification with a temperature gradient of 3°C, 0°C, and 3°C between the humidifier and the Y-piece. We compared the results to 2 recommended humidification values: 100% saturated (absolute humidity 44 mg H2O/L) gas at 37°C (saturated/37°C); and 75% saturated (absolute humidity 33 mg H2O/L), which is the humidity recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO standard). In all the experiments the setup was set to provide 35°C at the Y-piece. RESULTS: Our method for measuring water-vapor delivery closely approximated the amount delivered by a calibrated pump, but slightly underestimated the water-vapor delivery in all the experiments and the whole VErange. At all VEvalues, water-vapor delivery during non-heated-wire humidification matched or exceeded saturated/37°C and was significantly greater than that during heated-wire humidification. During heated-wire humidification, water-vapor delivery varied with the temperature gradient and did not reach saturated/37°C at VE> 6 L/min. Water-vapor delivery with the negative temperature gradient was below the ISO standard. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining temperature at one point in the inspiratory circuit (eg, Y-piece), does not ensure adequate water-vapor delivery. Other factors (humidification system, VE, gradient setting) are critical. At a given temperature, humidification may be significantly higher or lower than expected.
Fiftieth anniversaries are special.

Golden anniversaries are very special. The 50th anniversary of Title V of the Social Security Act of 1935 has extra significance for the American Academy of Pediatrics. The Academy owes its existence in large part to the events leading up to the Act and the current implementation of the Act has been greatly influenced by the Academy. The story deserves telling again.1,2 Maternal and Child Health (MCH) received national visibility with the first White House conference in 1909, which led to the formation of the Children9s Bureau in 1912. The first studies done by this organization highlighted the high rate of infant mortality and severe handicaps among children.
Operating system projects on two simulated machines

Descriptions of the capabilities, implementation, and pedagogic worth of operating system projects based on two simulated machines are presented. One machine requires a batch-oriented operating system, involving a complete spooling system and multiprogramming. The other machine requires a terminal-oriented operating system that handles a command language and performs simple file operations. The simulators perform the actions of a real machine, monitor the operating system's performance as it handles simulated workloads, generate reports on the quality and quantity of service provided by the students' systems, and help the students debug their programs by providing traces and dumps on request.
Enhancement of diatom frustule dissolution by iron oxides

Abstract Several reports in the literature indicate the possibility that iron oxyhydroxides in sediments enhance the dissolution of diatom frustules. We tested this possibility by conducting a laboratory experiment in which various amounts of iron were added to sediment spiked with undissolved frustules. A visual dissolution index was developed to assess the extent of dissolution. A concentration of 300 mg-Fe/g-sediment was found to accelerate dissolution relative to 0, 3, and 30 mg-Fe/g-sediment additions. Such abnormally high exposure to iron oxyhydroxides may be encountered by frustules over time, particularly in aluminosilicate sediments subjected to frequent redox transitions.
Sliding motion on the intersection of two manifolds: Spirally attractive case

Abstract In this note, we consider sliding motion on the intersection Σ of two smooth manifolds in the case when the dynamics near the manifold Σ is spiral-like, and Σ is spirally attractive. We clarify the meaning of spiral-like dynamics around Σ , characterize what we mean by spiral attractivity of Σ , and finally discuss what to expect when Σ ceases to be attractive, with nearby orbits getting farther away from Σ through spiraling motion. Our characterization of spiral-attractivity of Σ is given by a single number, which plays a role similar to that of a Floquet multiplier for a smooth planar system.
Dependence of fast components of the electroretinogram of the isolated rat retina on the ionic environment

Abstract Changes in the amplitudes of the a-wave , b-wave and wavelets of the electroretinogram of the isolated rat retina were observed as a function of alterations in thei onic composition of media bathing isolated rat retinas. All the components of the electroretinogram were reduced in low sodium solutions. An increase of the K + concentration from 5 to 20 mM increased the amplitude of the b-wave but reduced the amplitudes of the a-wave and wavelets. Above 30 mM K + the b-wave was also reduced. Low concentrations of Cl − abolished the b-wave and wavelets but did not alter the a-wave . The amplitudes of the a-wave and b-wave were increased while the wavelets were suppressed in Ca 2+ -free media. Implications of these ionic effects are discussed in relation to the cellular origins of these potentials.
Cuba's exiles: portrait of a refugee migration.

This article provides a portrait of Cubas exiles [in the United States] that encompasses all their waves of migration while utilizing the Cuban exodus to shed light on the broader phenomenon of refugee migration. It argues that to understand the changing social characteristics of the exiles over twenty years of migration we need to understand the changing phases of the Cuban revolution. Utilizing the Cuban exodus as data the article uses Egon F. Kunzs...theoretical framework for refugee migration to shed light on the refugees varying experiences while also using the actual Cuban refugee experience to react to Kunzs abstract model. (EXCERPT)
Oscillation of second-order dynamic equations

In this paper, we consider the second-order nonlinear dynamic equations on an isolated time scale . Our first goal is to establish a relationship between the oscillatory behaviour of these equations. Here we assume that τ : → . We also give two results about the behaviour of the linear form of the latter equation on a general time scale that is unbounded above. We use the Riccati transformation technique to obtain our results.
Military Assistance for Pakistan

On November 1, 1953 the Karachi correspondent of the New York Times filed a dispatch reporting that discussions of a military alliance between Pakistan and the United States were about to begin. On February 25,1954 President Eisenhower announced that the United States had decided to give military assistance to Pakistan for the purpose of “strengthening the defensive capabilities of the Middle East.” With the President's statement a new and powerful force entered the international politics of South Asia and another landmark of American foreign policy was set up. In the four months which intervened between the newspaper report and the official announcement, most of the important trends and issues in contemporary world politics had touched on or been touched by the U. S.-Pakistan proposal. Internal and external affairs of a dozen countries were affected. Most of the instruments of diplomacy and propaganda were employed to support or oppose agreement. Of primary importance to the United States was the clear and specific implementation of our established policy of supporting regional alliances of free nations to “contain” Soviet aggression and to prevent further expansion. Because of the novelty of the area into which the policy was extended, the speed with which it was implemented, and the precision of the reactions of all parties, American military assistance for Pakistan constitutes an almost ideal case study of international relations in a world in which the movement of events has been greatly accelerated.
SINR prediction based on MU-MIMO in large scale antenna array system

Wireless data rates are prodicted to increase 1000 fold by 2020 and likely go up to 10,000 times by 2025. To meet the explosive growth in traffic during the next fifteen years, significant improvement in spectral efficiency is required. One of the promising innovative technologies to meet the above requirements is the massive MIMO technology adopting in large-scale antenna array system. The MIMO channel formed by the massive MIMO technology is likely to be very asymmetric and the number of possible independent data streams for transmission is limited by the number of antennas at the mobile station. Thus MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO), which offer spatial multiplexing gain without the requirement of multiple antenna arrays at the mobile station, is very worthy of study in large scale antenna array system. In this paper, we give a formula of SINR prediction based on MU-MIMO in large scale antenna array system. Using the formula, a base station could easily predict the capacity loss because of non-deal Channel State Information (CSI), and then choose MIMO mode(e.g. adaptive switching between Single User-MIMO and MU-MIMO) or the best paired users properly in MU-MIMO system. Simulation results show the rationality of the formula.
Human histocompatibility antigens and survival in acute myelocytic leukemia

Several previous reports have suggested an association between human histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and survival in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). The authors have retrospectively analyzed the records of 104 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with AML treated on the Leukemia Service of the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center from March 1978 through May 1982 who had HLA typing performed to further evaluate this point. The authors have been unable to demonstrate a statistically significant association of HLA phenotype with the ability to achieve a complete response (CR), length of CR, survival of the total group of treated patients, or survival of only those patients achieving a CR (P less than 0.05). The available evidence does not strongly support a significant influence of HLA on survival in AML.
Experimental reduction of laser imprinting and Rayleigh–Taylor growth in spherically compressed, medium-Z-doped plastic targets

The effect of medium-Z doping of plastic ablators on laser imprinting and Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability growth was studied using spherical direct-drive implosions on the OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1977)]. The targets were spherical plastic (CH) shells, with an outer diameter of 860 μm and a thickness of 22 μm, volume doped with a varied concentration of Si (4.3% and 7.4%) and Ge (3.9%). The targets were imploded with 48 beams with a low-adiabat, triple-picket laser shape pulse with a peak intensity of 4×1014W/cm2, and a pulse duration of 2.5 ns. The shells were x-ray radiographed through a 400 -μm opening in the side of the target. The results show that volumetric impurity doping strongly reduces the shell density modulation and the instability growth rate. The amplitude of the initial imprint is reduced by a factor of 2.5 ± 0.5 for CH[4.3% Si] targets and by a factor of 3 ± 0.5 for CH[7.4% Si] and CH[3.9% Ge] targets. At the end of the acceleration phase, the reduc...
God, Faith, and Management Education

Teaching a course on spiritual values in organizations was done through the use of sacred texts from the world’s major religions. Three models were used to help interpret those texts in light of organizational issues, such as productivity, turbulence, turnover, employee satisfaction, team development, and so forth. Marcic’s model of five dimensions, Hatcher’s spiritual-growth framework, and Fowler’s stages of spiritual development were all instrumental in helping students gain deeper understanding of the concepts and articles studied. In the end, students felt the course was worthwhile in helping them understand the connection between the world of work and the world of spirit.
Titanium oxide thin films on organic interfaces through biomimetic processing

Titanium oxide (TiO{sub 2}) thin films have been deposited on silicon, glass, and plastic substrates by destabilization of an aqueous titanium lactate solution at low temperatures (50 nm/min), film thickness (>100 nm), and excellent film uniformity have been obtained. Uniform coatings can be applied on complex-shaped polymeric substrates and porous membranes. Films can be formed on both sulfonated and untreated polymeric surfaces. As-deposited films on plastic substrates consist of amorphous, hydrated TiO{sub 2}. On sulfonated self-assembled monolayers on silicon substrates, nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} films have been formed. The deposited films exhibit strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption with excellent transmission in the visible wavelength range, which indicates that the coatings may be useful as protective UV blockers for polymeric materials.
The role of Mandarin lexical tones in lexical access under different contextual conditions

The current study pursues Ye & Connine's (1999) suggestion that tonal information is much more important when words are presented in context, than in isolation. Disyllabic Mandarin words were either presented normally, or with changes in their segmental and/or tonal structure. Critically, these items were presented in isolation, in sentence context, and in idioms; previous studies have not examined these issues in sentential context. In Experiment 1, native Mandarin speakers made lexical decisions about these items. In Experiment 2, the critical stimuli were presented in white noise, and the listeners’ task was to detect the vowels and the tones of the stimuli. The results supported a more important role for tonal cues when the stimulus is presented in context than when it is in isolation; this pattern depended on the task conditions, as suggested by Soto-Faraco et al. (2001), and Mattys et al. (2005).
Zonoid theory and Hilbert's fourth problem

A finite vector sum of line segments is termed a zonotope. A zonoid is a Blaschke-Hausdorff limit of zonotopes. A projective metric d on a convex subset of projective space is shown to be of negative type if and only if the spheres in any tangent space are polar duals of zonoids. It follows that metric arclength can be represented by a Crofton formula with respect to a positive measure on the hyperplanes if and only if d is of negative type. These ideas allow a nice characterization of this cone of metrics.
Dependence of 16O−16O potential on the density ansatz

Abstract We show here that the interior part of the 16 O − 16 O potential depends critically on the ansatz prescribing the density of the compound system.
Dopamine Agonist Withdrawal Syndrome: Implications for Patient Care

Dopamine agonists are effective treatments for a variety of indications, including Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, but may have serious side effects, such as orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, and impulse control disorders (including pathological gambling, compulsive eating, compulsive shopping/buying, and hypersexuality). The most effective way to alleviate these side effects is to taper or discontinue dopamine agonist therapy. A subset of patients who taper a dopamine agonist, however, develop dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS), which has been defined as a severe, stereotyped cluster of physical and psychological symptoms that correlate with dopamine agonist withdrawal in a dose-dependent manner, cause clinically significant distress or social/occupational dysfunction, are refractory to levodopa and other dopaminergic medications, and cannot be accounted for by other clinical factors. The symptoms of DAWS include anxiety, panic attacks, dysphoria, depression, agitation, irritability, suicidal ideation, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, generalized pain, and drug cravings. The severity and prognosis of DAWS is highly variable. While some patients have transient symptoms and make a full recovery, others have a protracted withdrawal syndrome lasting for months to years, and therefore may be unwilling or unable to discontinue DA therapy. Impulse control disorders appear to be a major risk factor for DAWS, and are present in virtually all affected patients. Thus, patients who are unable to discontinue dopamine agonist therapy may experience chronic impulse control disorders. At the current time, there are no known effective treatments for DAWS. For this reason, providers are urged to use dopamine agonists judiciously, warn patients about the risks of DAWS prior to the initiation of dopamine agonist therapy, and follow patients closely for withdrawal symptoms during dopamine agonist taper.
Surface Bubbles in the Bathtub and Reflections on Ripple Tanks

Bathtubs are splendid places for studying physics! Recently I was happily splashing about and noticed that the light from the lamp above me was being focused as bright spots on the bottom of the tub. Closer inspection showed that the spots were surrounded by dark rings. This pattern turned out to be due to the lensing effect of bubbles floating on the surface of the water.
Genome wide responses of murine lungs to dietary α-tocopherol

α-tocopherol (α-T) may affect biological processes by modulating mRNA concentrations. This study screened the responses of ∼15,000 lung mRNAs to dietary α-T in mice. The lung was chosen as the target organ because it is subjected to cyclical variations in oxidant and inflammatory stressors and α-T has been implicated in their modulations. The analysis identified ∼400 mRNAs sensitive to α-T status of lungs determined by dietary α-T. The female lung transcriptome appears to be more sensitive to the α-T status than that of the male lungs. Here, we focus on the induction of 13 cytoskeleton genes by dietary α-T because they were similarly induced in the male and the female lungs. Their inductions were confirmed by quantitative-real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analyses of three of the encoded proteins suggest that they are expressed in lung vasculature and alveolar regions. The data suggest that the lung α-T status may modulate cytoarchitecture of lungs.
The relationship among brain, spinal cord and anesthetic requirements

The spinal cord is a crucial site wherein anesthetics suppress movement in response to noxious stimuli. The balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences on the spinal cord likely determines the extent of motor response, and is thus important to anesthetic requirements. When the volatile anesthetic isoflurane is selectively delivered to the in situ goat brain (with low concentrations in the torso), anesthetic requirements increase dramatically, but when low isoflurane concentrations are delivered to the brain, anesthetic requirements decrease in the torso. When high, supraclinical concentrations of isoflurane (6-10%) are delivered to the brain and not to the torso, spontaneous movement occurs. These results are best explained by a differential effect of anesthetics on spinal cord neurons and cerebral neurons (midbrain reticular formation). Examination of neurons in the dorsal horn and midbrain reticular formation, and the electromyogram, during differential delivery of isoflurane to brain and spinal cord, will test this hypothesis.