cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design Study of LineSets, a Novel Set Visualization Technique

Computing and visualizing sets of elements and their relationships is one of the most common tasks one performs when analyzing and organizing large amounts of data. Common representations of sets such as convex or concave geometries can become cluttered and difficult to parse when these sets overlap in multiple or complex ways, e.g., when multiple elements belong to multiple sets. In this paper, we present a design study of a novel set visual representation, LineSets, consisting of a curve connecting all of the set's elements. Our approach to design the visualization differs from traditional methodology used by the InfoVis community. We first explored the potential of the visualization concept by running a controlled experiment comparing our design sketches to results from the state-of-the-art technique. Our results demonstrated that LineSets are advantageous for certain tasks when compared to concave shapes. We discuss an implementation of LineSets based on simple heuristics and present a study demonstrating that our generated curves do as well as human-drawn ones. Finally, we present two applications of our technique in the context of search tasks on a map and community analysis tasks in social networks.
Evaluating climate change over the Colorado River basin using regional climate models

[1] We use regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) to evaluate implications of climate change for the discharge of the Colorado River in the mid-21st century. We compare historical RCM simulations and simulations from their host global general circulation models (GCMs) to one-eighth degree gridded observations of precipitation, surface air temperature, and runoff (generated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model forced with gridded observations) for the historical period 1970–1999. The RCMs capture the primary features of observations better than their host GCMs in part because of their ability to better represent strong upward lift in topographically complex regions. Although the RCMs do not significantly improve the simulation of precipitation, their ability to better represent surface temperature in mountainous regions has important effects on simulations of evapotranspiration, snowpack, and runoff. In the Colorado River basin, projected mid-21st century runoff changes are mostly impacted by the combination of snow cover change in winter, temperature change in spring, and precipitation change in summer. In particular, the response of cold season temperatures in headwater streams is key to determining the basin's susceptibility to a warming climate. Because of the cooler temperature and higher snowline in RCMs relative to GCMs, the RCMs project less warming in the spring and thus generate smaller decreases in runoff, both during spring and annually, as compared with GCMs. Changes in surface air temperature, runoff, and snow water equivalent at high elevations all indicate that headwater streams of the Colorado River are less susceptible to a warming climate in climate change simulations that use RCMs than in simulations that use GCMs. Nonetheless, the 50 km NARCCAP grid resolution has some limitations in resolving orographic effects, which suggests that there may remain residual biases in the climatic sensitivity of the RCM simulations.
Retention–After Hiring Then What?

SUMMARY This article will use the student retention model as a starting place for designing a new science librarian retention program. Retention programs are common in other areas of university life, especially for retaining first-year students. Retention programs demonstrate a commitment and interest by the institution; they send a message to the new students-you are important to us. Why not send the same message to new hires? In building a retention program for science librarians, these student retention programs can serve as models; they can be a good starting place. As with students, it is cheaper to retain library staff already on campus than to recruit new ones. The library saves money with less recruiting and training. The new science librarian becomes acculturated, learns the curricula, the faculty, and becomes a valuable team member with connections to the library and institution.
Quantitative Cocaine Urine Testing in Clinical Research Settings

AbstractThe use of quantitative cocaine urinalysis is illustrated with case reports from four subjects. Urine samples were collected for a period of 21 consecutive days and analyzed using fluorescent polarization immunoassay. Urinalysis results were compared to self-reported use. Findings support the use of quantitative urinalysis as an outcome measure in clinical research. Self-reported high-dose use was associated with higher urine concentrations and more protracted periods of decline. The importance of repeated urinalysis is discussed.
Does guilt mediate the association between tonic immobility and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in female trauma survivors

Tonic immobility (TI) is an involuntary freezing response that can occur during a traumatic event. TI has been identified as a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although the mechanism for this relationship remains unclear. This study evaluated a particular possible mechanism for the relationship between TI and PTSD symptoms: posttraumatic guilt. To examine this possibility, we assessed 63 female trauma survivors for TI, posttraumatic guilt, and PTSD symptom severity. As expected, the role of guilt in the association between TI and PTSD symptom severity was consistent with mediation (B = 0.35; p < .05). Thus, guilt may be an important mechanism by which trauma survivors who experience TI later develop PTSD symptoms. We discuss the clinical implications, including the importance of educating those who experienced TI during their trauma about the involuntary nature of this experience.
Leukocyte CD11b expression is not essential for the development of atherosclerosis in mice

CD11b is an alpha chain of the leukocyte beta(2)-integrin, Mac-1, which mediates binding and extravasation of leukocytes. Because this event is critical in atherosclerosis, we examined the role of CD11b in lesion formation. Atherosclerosis-susceptible, low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDL-R(-/)-) mice were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow cells from CD11b-deficient (CD11b(-/)-) mice. After 4 weeks, <2% of the peripheral blood leukocytes of the CD11b(-/)- bone marrow-transplanted LDL-R(-/)- mice expressed CD11b, whereas approximately 25% of the CD11b(+/)+ bone marrow-transplanted LDL-R(-/)- mice expressed CD11b. After consuming a high-fat diet for 16 weeks the mean lesion aortic valve area, cholesterol accumulation in the aorta, and the degree of intimal macrophage infiltration were similar in mice reconstituted with either CD11b(+)(/+) or CD11b(-/)- bone marrow cells. The studies confirm that CD11b expression of bone marrow-derived cells does not influence the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic LDL-R(-/)- mice.
Using small cities to understand the crowd behind OpenStreetMap

As businesses and governments integrate OpenStreetMap (OSM) into their services in ways that require comprehensive coverage, there is a need to expand research outside of major urban areas and consider the strength of the map in smaller cities. A place-specific inquiry into the OSM contributor sets in small cities allows an intimate look at user motives, locations, and editing habits that are readily described in the OSM metadata and user profile pages, but often missed by aggregate studies of OSM data. Using quantitative and qualitative evidence from the OSM history of five small cities across North and South America, I show that OSM is not accumulating large local corpuses of editors outside of major urban areas. In these more remote places OSM remains largely at the mercy of an unpredictable mix of casual contributions, business interests, feature-specific “hobbyists”, bots, and importers, all passing through the map at different scales for different reasons. I present a typology of roles played by contributors as they expand and fix OSM in casual, systematic, and automated fashion. I argue that these roles are too complex to be conceptualized with the traditional “citizen as sensor” model of understanding volunteered geographic information. While some contributors are driven by pride of place, others are more interested in improving map quality or ensuring certain feature types are represented. Institutions considering the use of OSM data in their projects should be aware of these varied influences and their potential effects on the data.
Chemo-physical analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of moisture susceptibility of nano hydrated lime modified asphalt mixtures

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the moisture susceptibility of nano hydrated lime (NHL) modified asphalt mixtures and determine the fundamental factors of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures using the molecular dynamics (MD), as well as analyze the effect that the aging of asphalt binders has on the moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. The NHL was added to the control asphalt to make NHL modified asphalt. The modified asphalt was mixed with aggregates to form NHL modified asphalt mixtures. The tensile strength ratio (TSR) test was used to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. When the TSR test was done, different solutions were used to extract the polar groups from the tested asphalt mixtures, and the polar groups were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR). When asphalt oxidizes, the six functional groups (ketones, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, aldehydes, amides and esters) with the carbonyl group can be found in the polar part of asphalt based on FTIR ATR spectral data and references. The polar groups with the carbonyl group also indicate the oxidation extent of asphalt binders. The FTIR test results indicate that carboxylic acids and ketones were the primary aging products in asphalt, and these two carbonyl groups relate to the rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the MD interface systems of asphalt–aggregate and aggregate–water were created, as well as the separated systems (asphalt, water, and aggregates). The essential mechanisms for the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures were explored with MD simulations. The potential energies of the interface systems and each separated system were computed to obtain the adhesion energies of the interface MD models. The differences in adhesion energy between the asphalt–aggregate and aggregate–water systems show that water tends to bond to the aggregate rather than the asphalt. This also explains the displacement of water that occurs in asphalt mixtures when there is moisture damage. In addition, the effect of asphalt aging on the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixture was also analyzed using MD interface models. The MD results demonstrate that the aging group in asphalt is helpful in reducing the moisture damage in asphalt mixtures.
A note on bipartite subgraphs and triangle-independent sets

Abstract Let α 1 ( G ) denote the maximum size of an edge set that contains at most one edge from each triangle of G . Let τ B ( G ) denote the minimum size of an edge set whose deletion makes G bipartite. It was first conjectured by Lehel and later independently by Puleo that α 1 ( G ) + τ B ( G ) ≤ n 2 ∕ 4 for every n -vertex graph G . Puleo showed that α 1 ( G ) + τ B ( G ) ≤ 5 n 2 ∕ 16 for every n -vertex graph G . In this note, we improve the bound by showing that α 1 ( G ) + τ B ( G ) ≤ 4403 n 2 ∕ 15000 for every n -vertex graph G .
Staphylococcus aureus infections in children: The implications of changing trends

* Abbreviations: CA — : community-acquired MRSA — : methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SSTI — : skin and soft tissue infections In this issue of Pediatrics , Sutter et al1 report the antibiotic susceptibility trends of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from >39 000 children who received care at sites within the US military health system from 2005 through 2014. S aureus is the most common pathogen causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) as well as some invasive infections such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children.2 S aureus is also 1 of the most common organisms isolated from children with health care–associated infections, regardless of whether these infections had their onset in the community or were acquired in the hospital. Thus, the initial empiric treatment of an SSTI or invasive infection in a child almost always includes an antibiotic effective against S aureus . Before the 1990s, penicillinase-resistant β-lactam antibiotics with activity against methicillin-susceptible S aureus isolates (methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, or cefazolin for invasive infections or oral agents such as dicloxacillin or cephalexin for outpatient SSTIs) were typically administered for suspected staphylococcal infections with onset in the community. Up until that time, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) isolates were almost always associated with hospital-acquired infections. In the late 1990s and early … Address correspondence to Sheldon L. Kaplan, MD, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Center, Suite 1150, 1102 Bates, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: skaplan{at}bcm.edu
Comparison of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms to the breast and primary invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation

Metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms to the breast may show considerable morphologic overlap with primary mammary carcinomas, particularly those showing evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation, and may be misdiagnosed as such. Accurate distinction between these two entities is crucial for determination of appropriate clinical management. The histologic and immunohistochemical features of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms to the breast were studied and compared with the features of primary invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation, which served as controls. Of the metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, 15 were well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with carcinoid tumor-type morphology and 7 were poorly differentiated/high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas with small-cell or large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma morphology. The majority of the metastatic neoplasms originated in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. There were histologic similarities between metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation, both of which exhibited neuroendocrine histologic features (nested and trabecular architecture, minimal tubular differentiation, and characteristic nuclear features). Only one case of the invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation was modified Bloom-Richardson grade 1 (largely due to minimal tubular differentiation on most such tumors), and the invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation were often associated with in situ carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was helpful in distinguishing metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms from invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Whereas the majority of invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation were positive for estrogen receptor and GATA3, metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms were typically negative for estrogen receptor and GATA3, and metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors often showed immunoreactivity for site-specific markers. Although the histologic and immunohistochemical features of a breast tumor may raise the suspicion of a metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, the pathologic findings should be interpreted in the context of the clinical history and imaging findings in order to establish an accurate diagnosis.
Lack of AKT in adipocytes causes severe lipodystrophy.

Abstract Objective Adipose depot mass is tightly regulated to maintain energy homeostasis. AKT is a critical kinase in the insulin-signaling cascade that is required for the process of adipogenesis in vitro . However, the role of AKT in the maintenance and/or function of mature adipocytes in vivo had not been examined. Methods To study this, we deleted Akt1 and Akt2 in adipocytes of mice using the AdipoQ-Cre driver. Results Strikingly, mice lacking adipocyte AKT were severely lipodystrophic, having dramatically reduced gonadal adipose and no discernible subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue. As a result, these mice developed severe insulin resistance accompanied by fatty liver, hepatomegaly and with enlarged islets of Langerhans. Conclusions These data reveal the critical role of adipocyte AKT and insulin signaling for maintaining adipose tissue mass.
The Readability of AAOS Patient Education Materials: Evaluating the Progress Since 2008.

Background: The Internet has become a major resource for patients; however, patient education materials are frequently written at relatively high levels of reading ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of patient education materials on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) web site. Methods: Readability scores were calculated for all patient education articles on the AAOS web site using 5 algorithms: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Grade, Coleman-Liau Index, and Gunning-Fog Index. The mean readability scores were compared across the anatomic categories to which they pertained. Results: Using a liberal measure of readability, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, 3.9% of articles were written at or below the recommended sixth-grade reading level, and 84% of the articles were written above the eighth-grade reading level. Articles in the present study had a lower mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level than those available in 2008 (p < 0.00005). Articles categorized as “Hand & Wrist” or “Foot & Ankle” had significantly lower mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores than the mean for all categories (p < 0.0005). Conclusions: Regardless of the algorithm used, the mean readability levels of AAOS articles are higher than generally recommended. Although the mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was lower in the present study than it was in 2008, a need remains to improve the readability of AAOS patient education articles. Clinical Relevance: Ensuring that online patient education materials are written at an appropriate reading grade level would be expected to improve physician-patient communication.
Mitotic MELK-eIF4B signaling controls protein synthesis and tumor cell survival

The protein kinase maternal and embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is critical for mitotic progression of cancer cells; however, its mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. By combined approaches of immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and peptide library profiling, we identified the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) as a MELK-interacting protein during mitosis and a bona fide substrate of MELK. MELK phosphorylates eIF4B at Ser406, a modification found to be most robust in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. We further show that the MELK-eIF4B signaling axis regulates protein synthesis during mitosis. Specifically, synthesis of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), an antiapoptotic protein known to play a role in cancer cell survival during cell division, depends on the function of MELK-elF4B. Inactivation of MELK or eIF4B results in reduced protein synthesis of MCL1, which, in turn, induces apoptotic cell death of cancer cells. Our study thus defines a MELK-eIF4B signaling axis that regulates protein synthesis during mitosis, and consequently influences cancer cell survival.
Abnormal molecular response to Takayasu arteritis causing extensive large-vessel calcification

Takayasu arteritis is a large-vessel vasculitis that often results in pulselessness due to fibrotic stenoses. Whereas minor calcification is sometimes seen with Takayasu arteritis, it rarely causes stenosis. Extensive calcification resulting in malperfusion is exceedingly rare and has been attributed to disorders in calcium trafficking in a chronic inflammatory state. We report an unusual case of rapidly progressive and extensive aortic calcification in the setting of Takayasu arteritis.
Zeroing In: Asset Pricing Near the Zero Lower Bound

This paper analyzes the effect of the Zero Lower Bound (ZLB) on asset prices, risk premia, and the co-movement of asset returns using a New Keynesian framework with nominal rigidities. I find that the presence of the ZLB generates a new source of macroeconomic risk: the risk that the ZLB will be binding in the future. When the monetary policy rate is high, stocks and bonds are both risky, and bond risk premia are high. In contrast, at the ZLB, stock market risk increases but bond risk decreases. When the probability of the ZLB binding in the near future increases, investors cut spending to increase savings. This lowers current and future output and dividends. Lower expected dividends and higher equity risk premia lower current stock prices. Simultaneously, investors expect future short rates and bond risk premia to drop which raise long-term bond prices. These opposite exposures to the same ZLB risk sharply lower the correlation between stock and bond returns. In fact, the stock-bond correlation turns negative. I develop and calibrate a model that endogenously generates these observed changes while respecting unconditional macroeconomic and asset pricing moments.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is over-expressed and constitutively activated in advanced breast carcinoma

1730 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated helix loop helix transcription factor, binds environmental poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as dioxin, and mediates their toxicity, including carcinogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the functional significance of AhR in breast carcinogenesis. The AhR expression and its transcriptional activity was analyzed in a battery of human breast carcinoma (HBC) cell lines with varying degrees of malignancy in comparison to immortalized normal and primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Western immuno-blotting revealed dramatic elevated levels of AhR proteins in tumorigenic HBC of advanced malignancy (MD231, MDA468, ZR-75, MDA435, MCF-7), while less levels were expressed in HBC typically categorized as early stages of maliganacy (T-47D, HBL100, BT-549), normal immortalized (H16N2 and MCF10A) and primary HMEC. RT-PCR analysis of mRNA revealed a similar trend although not as dramatic high levels, suggesting a role for protein stabilization in these elevated levels. These results were further confirmed in Sager’s 21T series, which are closely matched pairs of HBC derived from a single patient and are characterized by exhibiting a gradient order of malignancy (21MT2>21NT>21PT). The 21MT-2 lines showed the highest expression of protein and mRNA and 21NT was medium between 21MT-2 and 21PT lines. This high expression of AhR is independent of estrogen receptor (ER) status, as verified in MDA 231 (ER negative) and its variant S30 (ER positive), as well as T47D-A18 (ER positive) and its variant T47D-C4:2W (ER negative), as well as in 21T series which are all ER negative. The AhR is usually localized in the cytoplasm of most normal cells including HMEC and is translocated to the nucleus upon ligand (dioxin) activation. However, both sub-cellular fractionation experiments and fluorescence immuno-cytochemical staining has shown that the AhR in the HBC are predominantly localized to the nuclear compartments in absence of ligand treatment. Similarly, immuno-histochemical analysis of human breast tumors has shown an increase in AhR expression in the invasive carcinomas, where the AhR staining was predominantly or exclusively nuclear. Notably, this nuclear accumulation of AhR in untreated HBC was transcriptionally active as evidenced by the substantial expression of CYP1A1 mRNA, which is exclusively regulated transcriptionally by the activated AhR. In conclusion, this study reports a novel finding of elevated levels of AhR in human breast carcinomas in direct proportion to their degree of malignancy. These data identify the AhR as a possible regulator of breast cancer progression and its possible consideration as a candidate prognostic factor for survival as well as its potential as a target for breast cancer therapeutic intervention.
“Free Will”: A Serious Game to Study the Organization of the Human Brain

We report on a serious game that is designed to teach the functional anatomy of the human brain to undergraduate and graduate students in Psychology and Neuroscience courses. The game provides a unique, immersive, first-person experience for students to understand the discrete faculties of the human brain and the associated brain regions. In addition to our core designers and developers, we included design-feedback testers on our team to give us iterative feedback throughout the development process. Initial feedback from this group indicates that “Free Will” is effective as a game-based learning supplement.
Poster: Improve Push Notification on Smartwatches

Receiving push notifications is one of the key features of smartwatches. In our recent measurement study involving 27 smartwatch users [1], we found that push notifications are used by more than 200 applications, dominated by instant messaging, emails, social media, etc. In this work, we propose a suite of methods to optimize the performance, energy efficiency, and usability of smartwatch push notifications, which have several salient features distinguishing them from regular notifications received on a smartphone: requiring heavy phonewatch cooperation, being delivered over short-range Bluetooth link, and incurring non-trivial energy consumption on watches with very limited battery capacity. Considering these factors, our proposed work focuses on four aspects as elaborated.
Environmental Analysis: Persistent Organic Pollutants∗

Abstract The term, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), describes a broad range of anthropogenic compounds present in the environment. POPs can be grouped into subclasses based on their original intended uses or chemical properties. In this chapter, five such groups of compounds are considered: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aromatic compounds, pesticides, brominated flame retardants, and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The chapter provides an overview of some of the measurement issues and liquid chromatography methods used in the determination of persistent organic contaminants in environmentally relevant samples. Emphasis has been placed on research carried out since 2000. Purely gas chromatography- based methods have been excluded from this discussion, as have reports that emphasize sample cleanup and processing research.
Scattering from a layer of vegetation: Enhancement effects

Microwave back and forward scattering from a layer of vegetation continues to have important applications in remotely sensing soil moisture and vegetation biomass. Satellite radars detect backscattered returns while GNSS receivers can measure forward scatter. The scattering cross sections can be computed by the Distorted Born Approximation (DBA) and by 1st order transport theory. The first is a field based method while the second is based on conservation of energy. These two theories give the same results except for the presence of enhancement terms in the DBA theory. The DBA results will be derived by a simple voltage based pencil beam approach. The role of enhancement will be explored in both the backscatter and forward scatter cases. Results for realistic vegetation canopies such as agriculture crops at L-band frequencies will be used to demonstrate where enhancement effects are important; both like and cross polarization calculations. The effect of the antenna beamwidth will be presented.
Effect of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen on postpartum hypertension in preeclampsia with severe features: a double-masked, randomized controlled trial.

Background Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use has been shown to increase blood pressure in nonpregnant adults. Because of this, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests avoiding their use in women with postpartum hypertension; however, evidence to support this recommendation is lacking. Objective Our goal was to test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, adversely affect postpartum blood pressure control in women with preeclampsia with severe features. Study Design At delivery, we randomized women with preeclampsia with severe features to receive around-the-clock oral dosing with either 600 mg of ibuprofen or 650 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours. Dosing began within 6 hours after delivery and continued until discharge, with opioid analgesics available as needed for breakthrough pain. Study drugs were encapsulated in identical capsules such that patients, nurses, and physicians were masked to study allocation. Exclusion criteria were serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase >200 mg/dL, serum creatinine >1.0 mg/dL, infectious hepatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, age Results We assessed 154 women for eligibility, of whom 100 met entry criteria, agreed to participate, and were randomized to receive postpartum ibuprofen or acetaminophen for first-line pain control. Seven patients crossed over or did not receive their allocated study drug, and 93 completed the study protocol in their assigned groups. We found no differences in baseline characteristics between groups, including mode of delivery, body mass index, parity, race, chronic hypertension, and maximum blood pressure prior to delivery. We did not find a difference in the duration of severe-range hypertension in the ibuprofen vs acetaminophen groups (35.3 vs 38.0 hours, P = .30). There were no differences between groups in the secondary outcome measures of time from delivery to last blood pressure ≥150/100 mm Hg, postpartum mean arterial pressure, maximum postpartum systolic or diastolic blood pressures, any postpartum blood pressure ≥160/110 mm Hg, short-acting antihypertensive use for acute blood pressure control, length of postpartum stay, need to extend postpartum stay for blood pressure control, antihypertensive use at discharge, or opioid use for inadequate pain control. In a subgroup analysis of patients who experienced severe-range hypertension, the mean time to blood pressure control in the acetaminophen group was 68.4 hours and ibuprofen group was 56.7 hours ( P = .26). At 6 weeks postpartum, there were no differences between groups in the rates of obstetric triage visits, hospital readmissions, continued opioid use, or continued antihypertensive use. Conclusion The first-line use of ibuprofen rather than acetaminophen for postpartum pain did not lengthen the duration of severe-range hypertension in women with preeclampsia with severe features.
Asthma symptoms, interactive physical play and behavioral and academic outcomes in urban children with persistent asthma.

Objectives: Asthma may lead to reduced participation in interactive physical play (IPP). Urban youth with asthma are also at risk for behavioral and academic difficulties. Exploring associations be...
A ROSETTE MARKER FOR MITOGEN ACTIVATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a rosette marker for mitogen-activated human lymphocytes. All human thymus-derived lymphocytes form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vitro under certain strict experimental conditions. In a study described in the chapter, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were assessed by their ability to incorporate tritiated thymidine, uridine, and leucine, respectively. The results of the PHA experiments resembled those of the ConA experiments. Experiments were also carried out using ranges of concentrations of the mitogens ConA, PHA, and NGAO. Both tritiated thymidine incorporation and S-SRBC rosettes were assayed. Under similar conditions, nonactivated lymphocytes did not form rosettes. Conceivably, the rosettes can also become an index of the degree of lymphocyte activation.
Relations between Tectonics and Volcanism in the Roman Province, Italy

Tephrochronology is useful for correlation of tectonic disturbances in volcanic areas because of the usually rapid sedimentation of pyroclastic sequences. The Vulsini volcano in central Italy provides an example. Three regional tectonic phases can be distinguished during the past million years: 1. formation of a large graben, 2. sinking of segments of the volcano complex, 3. faulting, accompanied by phreatomagmatic volcanism. Each event was followed by small volume eruptions of basic, unevolved potassic magma. Subsequent eruptions produced more differentiated rocks. The tectonic activity created room for magma at shallow level, where crystallization and minor magma mixing took place.
Correction of symptoms of platelet storage pool deficiency in animal models for Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

Two human diseases of platelet storage pool deficiency (SPD), Hermansky- Pudlak syndrome and Chediak-Higashi syndrome, are recessively inherited disorders characterized by hypopigmentation, prolonged bleeding, and normal platelet counts accompanied by a reduction in dense granule number. We have recently described seven independent recessive mutations in the mouse regulated by separate genes which are likely animal models for human SPD. Reciprocal bone marrow transplants were carried out between normal C57BL/6J mice and two of these mutants, beige and pallid, in order to test whether the platelet defects are due to a defect in platelet progenitor cells or to humoral factors. Normal and congenic mutant mice were transplanted with marrow after 950 rad whole body radiation. The long bleeding times and low serotonin concentrations of the two mutants were converted to normal values after transplantation with normal marrow. Likewise, normal mice displayed symptoms of SPD when transplanted with mutant marrow. These studies demonstrate that with each of the two mutations, platelet SPD results from a defect in bone marrow precursor cells. Also, the studies suggest that in severe cases, platelet SPD may be successfully treated by bone marrow transplantation.
Image segmentation technique for locating automotive parts on belt conveyors

A simple, model free computer vision program to determine the locations of non-overlapping parts on belt conveyors is described. This program illustrates a simple and effective procedure for segmenting objects from background in instances where simple thresholding of a gray-level image does not suffice. The procedure consists of a unique sequence of standard image enhancement processes. The resultant image exhibits silhouettes of the objects, which contain sufficient information for locating those parts whose orientation can be determined without observation of internal features. The technique has been implemented on a large research computer, as well as a mini-computer coupled to a prototype belt conveyor-robot arm part transfer system. The technique has been validated for a large variety of parts and belt surfaces. It can meet production rates and has the potential for actual production use.
Board of Directors and Corporate Networks

Social network analysis (SNA) is an emerging research field in finance. This chapter references SNA and knowledge of corporate governance, to deal with a similarly emerging topic in finance, board interlocking, and shall examine the validity of the small-world model in a relevant emerging market and the existence of associations between the firm’s worth and its network of corporate relationships. This study references official data relating to more than 400 listed companies. The main results suggest that the network configuration of the relationships between board members and companies reflects the small-world model. Furthermore, there seems to be a significant relationship between the firm’s worth and its network centrality, described according to an “inverted U” type curve, which suggests optimum values exist for social prominence in the corporate network.
Korean Syntax and Semantics

Korean has proven to be an invaluable language to theoretical linguists, providing abundant examples of, and counterexamples to, key theoretical issues at the forefront of modern linguistic theories. Exploring the Korean language from both a syntactic and semantic perspective, this book provides an up-to-date linguistic analysis of its structure, combining Minimalist Syntax with accompanying compositional formal semantics. EunHee Lee's detailed chapters cover the core architecture and phenomena of Korean, looking at the lexical layer, the functional layer, nominal structure, movements and complex clauses. A broad range of empirically and theoretically important phenomena are discussed, enabling students and professional linguists alike to understand the workings of the language in current theoretical frameworks. The book also includes discussion questions, exercises and a list of further reading to solidify the theoretical concepts, stimulate thinking and develop the ability to analyze Korean using theoretical tools.
Optimizing beam models for dosimetric accuracy over a wide range of treatments

This work presents a systematic approach for testing a dose calculation algorithm over a variety of conditions designed to span the possible range of clinical treatment plans. Using this method, a TrueBeam STx machine with high definition multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) was commissioned in the RayStation treatment planning system (TPS). The initial model parameters values were determined by comparing TPS calculations with standard measured depth dose and profile curves. The MLC leaf offset calibration was determined by comparing measured and calculated field edges utilizing a wide range of MLC retracted and over-travel positions. The radial fluence was adjusted using profiles through both the center and corners of the largest field size, and through measurements of small fields that were located at highly off-axis positions. The flattening filter source was adjusted to improve the TPS agreement for the output of MLC-defined fields with much larger jaw openings. The MLC leaf transmission and leaf end parameters were adjusted to optimize the TPS agreement for highly modulated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans. The final model was validated for simple open fields, multiple field configurations, the TG 119 C-shape target test, and a battery of clinical IMRT and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. The commissioning process detected potential dosimetric errors of over 10% and resulted in a final model that provided in general 3% dosimetric accuracy. This study demonstrates the importance of using a variety of conditions to adjust a beam model and provides an effective framework for achieving high dosimetric accuracy.
THE DISIDENTIFIED COMMUNITY: rancière reading (nancy reading) blanchot

In The Disavowed Community, Jean-Luc Nancy presents a critique of his seminal 1983 essay “The Inoperative Community.” According to Nancy, his error in attempting to derive a politics from Maurice B...
Guiding testing effort using mutant utility

This paper addresses two long-standing goals in software testing: making mutation-based testing practical and software testing overall more effective, predictable, and consistent. To that end, this paper proposes a novel mutation-based approach that guides testing effort based on test goal utility.
Health Behaviors in Rural Appalachia.

Objectives To better understand the disproportionate burdens from cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and other chronic conditions related to energy balance, we studied diet and physical activity patterns in younger and older adults in rural Appalachia by using a nonclinical, cross-sectional, community-based sampling approach. Methods A total of 651 younger (ages 18-59) and 254 older (ages ≥60) Appalachians were recruited from 43 churches or community organizations. Participants answered questions about fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Analyses were adjusted for clustering within churches. Results Compared with older Appalachians, younger Appalachians consumed significantly fewer fruits and vegetables (P = 0.01) and reported significantly more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (P = 0.01). Regardless of age, engagement in healthy behaviors was suboptimal and well below national averages. Conclusions This community-based sample demonstrated elevated behavioral risk factors that likely contribute to some of the nation's highest rates of premature mortality. Despite suboptimal dietary intake and physical activity, results indicate some potential leverage points between the generations that may be used to improve health. For example, the older generation could benefit from engaging with their younger relatives in physical activities while advocating for a better-rounded diet. Given traditions of intergenerational connectedness, mutual aid, and self-reliance, transmission of healthier behaviors across the generations may be beneficial in the rural Appalachian context.
Psychological Mindedness and Alexithymia Predict Symptom Reduction in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder

Cognitive behavior models present major depressive disorder (MDD) as a failure in emotional processing associated with disrupted metacognitive skills. Self-observation, a metacognitive ability, plays a vital role in emotion regulation. Studies have noted the role of mindfulness in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); however, few address psychological mindedness, the interest and ability to understand behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, or alexithymia, the inability to identify and describe emotions. Seventy-one depressed outpatients with mean age M = 42.5; (SD = 13.7) received 14 CBT sessions. Longitudinal regression showed that baseline psychological mindedness significantly predicted symptom reduction across the course of treatment (β = − 8.43, 95% CI − 14.33, − 2.52, p = 0.01). Baseline alexithymia was unrelated to remission, yet positively correlated with symptom reduction through treatment. Treatment response may correlate more strongly with analytical than affective metacognitive ability, though affective skills increased during treatment. Further research can improve our understanding of processing affective information in depression and disruptions in emotion regulation and inform the selection of CBT strategies.
A National INCLUDES Alliance Effort to Integrate Problem-Solving Skills into Computer Science Curriculum

This Innovative Practice Work-In-Progress paper elucidates the approach of the NSF-funded CAHSI INCLUDES Alliance for creating change in students’ competencies by an effort across eight institutions to support the delivery of one-and two-credit hour courses for three levels of problem solving in Computer Science: general problem solving, computational thinking in problem solving, and algorithmic thinking in problem solving. The courses were developed to address industry’s need for improved problem-solving skills, incorporating consistent, deep collaboration with Google technical staff The first of its kind for CAHSI, the problem-solving courses are fewer credit hours than typical courses in order to fit within a traditional curriculum. The intent is to instill complementary problem-solving, computational thinking skills, and logical reasoning needed to succeed in computer science, and make this content available across different student populations at various stages in their academic pathways. Advanced problem solving prepares students for competitive interviews. The courses create opportunities to learn across academic levels, and create new student communities, mentorship opportunities, and social connections to support retention. The paper reports on the course design, student reflection, assessment and evaluation, and an ethnographic study of the courses.
Challenges and Successes in Raising a Child With Type 1 Diabetes and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Self-management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires numerous decisions and actions by people with T1D and their caregivers and poses many daily challenges. For those with T1D and a developmental disorder such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), more complex challenges arise, though these remain largely unstudied. Objective: This study aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators of raising a child with T1D and ASD. Secondary analysis of web-based content (phase 1) and telephone interviews (phase 2) were conducted to further expand the existing knowledge on the challenges and successes faced by these families. Methods: Phase 1 involved a qualitative analysis of publicly available online forums and blog posts by caregivers of children with both T1D and ASD. Themes from phase 1 were used to create an interview guide for further in-depth exploration via interviews. In phase 2, caregivers of children with both T1D and ASD were recruited from Penn State Health endocrinology clinics and through the web from social media posts to T1D-focused groups and sites. Interested respondents were directed to a secure web-based eligibility assessment. Information related to T1D and ASD diagnosis, contact information, and demographics were collected. On the basis of survey responses, participants were selected for a follow-up telephone interview and were asked to complete the adaptive behavior assessment system, third edition parent form to assess autism severity and upload a copy of their child’s most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) result. Interviews were transcribed, imported into NVivo qualitative data management software, and analyzed to determine common themes related to barriers and facilitators of raising a child with both ASD and T1D. Results: For phase 1, 398 forum posts and blog posts between 2009 and 2016 were analyzed. Common themes related to a lack of understanding by the separate ASD and T1D caregiver communities, advice on coping techniques, rules and routines, and descriptions of the health care experience. For phase 2, 12 eligible respondents were interviewed. For interviewees, the average age of the child at diagnosis with T1D and ASD was 7.92 years and 5.55 years, respectively. Average self-reported and documented HbA1c levels for children with T1D and ASD were 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and 8.7% (72 mmol/mol), respectively. Common themes from the interviews related to increased emotional burden, frustration surrounding the amount of information they are expected to learn, and challenges in the school setting. Conclusions: Caregivers of children with both T1D and ASD face unique challenges, distinct from those faced by caregivers of individuals who have either disorder alone. Understanding these challenges may help health care providers in caring for this unique population. Referral to the diabetes online community may be a potential resource to supplement the care received by the medical community. Trial Registration: