cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affectivity in Heidegger II: Temporality, Boredom, and Beyond

In ‘Affectivity in Heidegger I: Moods and Emotions in Being and Time’, we explicated the crucial role that Martin Heidegger assigns to our capacity to affectively find ourselves in the world. There, our discussion was restricted to Division I of Being and Time (BT). Specifically, we discussed how Befindlichkeit as a basic existential (i.e., a structure of Dasein's being that constitutes both the manner in which Dasein exists and discloses itself) and moods as the ontic counterparts of Befindlichkeit (i.e., the pre-reflective ways in which Dasein relates to and discloses the world) make circumspective engagement with the world possible. Indeed, according to Heidegger, it is primarily through moods that the world is ‘opened up’ and revealed to us as a world that is suffused with values and entities that already matter to us. In this companion essay, our aim is to expand our analysis of affectivity in the following ways: first, we revisit our discussion of Befindlichkeit in light of Heidegger's discussion of temporality in Division II of BT; second, we discuss the basic or fundamental mood (Grundstimmung) of boredom (Langeweile) and its ontological significance; we conclude by providing a brief characterization of how Heidegger's notion of mood changes in his later thinking.
Head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Purpose: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the 2nd most common malignancy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, limited information regarding head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is present in the literature. The aim of this article is to describe the head and neck manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-infected patients and compare it with that seen in noninfected patients. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was performed including 124 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting over a 5.5-year period to tertiary care center in a metropolitan location. Results: Overall, the anatomic distribution of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is not altered in the presence of HIV infection with the head and neck region (63%) most often involved overall. However, within the head and neck region, extralymphatic disease is significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (59%) than noninfected patients (33%; P = .001). Central nervous system (CNS) involvement accounts for 41% of head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-infected patients, in contrast to only 12% of noninfected patients. High-grade lymphoma (68%) are more common than intermediate (30%) or low-grade disease (2%) in the HIV-infected population, whereas low (24%) and intermediate (60%) grades are more common than high-grade lymphoma (16%) in noninfected patients (P Conclusions: Head and neck involvement with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs in a significant number of HIV-infected patients. Our data show that the distribution and course of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unique in HIV-infected patients. A high level of suspicion for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is required in all cases of head and neck lesions in patients with HIV infection to facilitate management.
Integrated fiber-optic coupler for very large scale integration interconnects.

A new optical interconnect technique, suitable for high packing densities, is demonstrated for implementation in very-large-scale integration circuits. The approach permits vertical bonding.
Visual attention detection in video sequences using spatiotemporal cues

Human vision system actively seeks interesting regions in images to reduce the search effort in tasks, such as object detection and recognition. Similarly, prominent actions in video sequences are more likely to attract our first sight than their surrounding neighbors. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal video attention detection technique for detecting the attended regions that correspond to both interesting objects and actions in video sequences. Both spatial and temporal saliency maps are constructed and further fused in a dynamic fashion to produce the overall spatiotemporal attention model. In the temporal attention model, motion contrast is computed based on the planar motions (homography) between images, which is estimated by applying RANSAC on point correspondences in the scene. To compensate the non-uniformity of spatial distribution of interest-points, spanning areas of motion segments are incorporated in the motion contrast computation. In the spatial attention model, a fast method for computing pixel-level saliency maps has been developed using color histograms of images. A hierarchical spatial attention representation is established to reveal the interesting points in images as well as the interesting regions. Finally, a dynamic fusion technique is applied to combine both the temporal and spatial saliency maps, where temporal attention is dominant over the spatial model when large motion contrast exists, and vice versa. The proposed spatiotemporal attention framework has been applied on over 20 testing video sequences, and attended regions are detected to highlight interesting objects and motions present in the sequences with very high user satisfaction rate.
Maximum Amplification of Blade Response in Mistuned Multi Stage Assemblies

This paper focuses on the determination of the maximum amplification of blade response due to mistuning in multi stage assemblies. The modal optimization strategy developed earlier in connection with single stage models is extended here to multi stage configurations. Theoretical developments are carried out first and lead to the new upper limit of (1 + N1 + N2 (g2/g1) + [[ellipsis]])/2, where Ni are the number of blades on the stages and gi = F i T Mi −1 F i with F i the force vector applied on a sector of stage i and Mi its mass matrix. For identical stages, this maximum equals the Whitehead limit observed with single stages but with the number of blades equal to sum of the numbers of blades of the coupled stages. A computational validation of the theoretical results is achieved next on both a single degree of freedom per blade model and a reduced order model of a blisk. These numerical optimization efforts confirm the theoretical developments and demonstrate that such high amplification factors can indeed be achieved with small levels of mistuning. The effects of the number of blades on the different stages, damping in the system, stage coupling strength, etc are discussed in details.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A technique to ensure the reproducibility of a cast post and core

The post-and-core pattern duplication technique is a simple, cost-effective, and accurate method of ensuring the reproducibility of a cast post and core. An acrylic resin pattern is fabricated for an endodontically treated tooth. The post portion of the pattern is duplicated with a polyvinyl siloxane impression material in the lower compartment of a container. The core portion is then duplicated with a polyether impression material in the upper compartment. After the original pattern has been retrieved, the duplicate resin pattern is fabricated in the provided space. This technique will improve efficiency if damage or loss of the pattern or the actual cast post and core occurs.
Parental perceptions of end-of-life care on paediatric intensive care units: a literature review

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature relating to parental perceptions on what constitutes quality end-of-life care (ELC) at the time of their child's death in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Background: There are few issues in medicine as complex as those involving ELC provision and within paediatric intensive care, these decisions are particularly emotive. Improving the quality of ELC has become a national priority and an understanding of the reality of parents during and after the loss of a child is a mandatory step in achieving this. Efforts to improve ELC in PICU must be based on an understanding of the issues and problems that are unique to parents within this environment and cannot simply be extrapolated from other settings. It is imperative that this has a high priority in training, clinical practice and research for all members of the intensive care team. Search strategy: Databases were systematically searched to identify primary research that related specifically to parental needs during the death of their child on PICU and published between 2000 to the present. Conclusions: Although the retrospective nature of the studies reviewed presents some limitations, it does provide a broad overview of the characteristics of parental needs, indicating the scope for further empirical research. The identification and acknowledgement of the fundamental needs of parents at this time can enable health professionals to provide competent and compassionate ELC which is as focussed and evidence based as other aspects of paediatric critical care medicine.
The effects of the electric field in the STM on excitation localization. Implications for local bond breaking

Abstract We discuss the effects of the electric field present in the STM on the frequency and spatial localization of (vibrational) excitations induced by inelastic electron tunneling. We show that, depending on its direction and size, the field can produce either a weakening or a strengthening of chemical bonds. The resulting vibrational frequency shifts could lead to the localization of the excitation under the STM tip, reducing energy transfer rates to surrounding sites by several orders of magnitude. This localization gives the STM the ability to locally activate surface dynamical processes, and induce atomic-scale modification of materials.
Is there a rheumatic constitution.

Summary 1. No characteristic hair color or eye color was found among patients with rheumatic fever. 2. Pallor of the skin occurred in52.4 per cent of patients with acute rheumatic fever but was not a prominent feature in inactive rheumatic subjects. 3. No evidence of racial susceptibilityto rheumatic fever was found in this study. 4. Most patients with rheumatic feverhave a well-proportioned body build with a paucity of both the asthenic and hypersthenic body types. 5. A definite hyperextensibility ofthe metacarpophalangeal joints was demonstrated in both active and inactive rheumatics as compared with controls. 6. Blood group distribution amongrheumatic subjects was not statistically different from that in the general population. 7. In a small group of rheumatic patients, there were 24 per cent who were nonsecretors of ABO substance in the saliva. This is slightly higher than the expected percentage in the general population. The possible relationship to the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever is discussed.
How Perceived Incentive, Task Confidence, and Arousal Influence Performance

With expectancy theory of motivation, small relationships with performance are expected. The present study suggests that various components of expectancy theory, which are usually combined in a multiplicative or additive fashion, may have countervailing influences on performance. The opposing effects of the components could cancel each other out. A positive relationship between perceived incentive and arousal was hypothesized, while a negative relationship between task confidence and arousal was hypothesized. Arousal, in turn, is related to performance curvilinearly. 46 undergraduates were provided feedback on a practice test prior to taking a mathematics examination. After examining their incentive, confidence, and arousal, analysis supported both hypotheses.
Documentation of Conformance to Preferred Practice Patterns in Caring for Patients With Dry Eye

Objective To evaluate documentation of physician evaluations of patients with dry eye for the presence of key elements as defined in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Summary Benchmarks for Preferred Practice Patterns. Methods One hundred thirty-one medical records of patients seen at the Duke Eye Center from January 1998 to July 2008 were reviewed relative to both the dry eye preferred practice patterns benchmarks for 1998 (all patients) and 2003 (for those seen between 2004 and 2008). Overall total score and subsection scores were calculated for all patients, as well as by specialty provider types and by type of medical record (electronic vs paper). Results Of all records reviewed, 84.8% were for women and the mean (SD) age of all patients was 60.3 (20.8) years. On average, 66.4% of the initial history key elements, 77.3% of the initial physical examination key elements, 40.0% of care management key elements, and 67.9% of patient education key elements were documented. The physical examination scores were highest in the “other” subspecialty ophthalmologist group compared with the comprehensive ophthalmologist group ( P = .03) and cornea specialists ( P = .02). The physical examination scores were 87% in the electronic medical record and 75% in the standard paper medical record ( P Conclusions In an academic practice, the process of care delivery for dry eye does conform to the American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns in some areas; however, there is room for improvement especially in the areas of patient education and care management. Additional data are needed from other practice settings to further evaluate the quality of dry eye care.
Enhancement of surface-atom intensities in X-ray photoelectron spectra at low X-ray incidence angles

Abstract Experimental and theoretical results are presented which indicate significant increases of surface-atom relative intensities in X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained at grazing X-ray incidence. For Au with C-containing overlayers, these effects are observed in the intensity ratios 1s/Au4f, Au4p 3 2 /Au4f, and Au4d/Au4f.
Corn chloroplast development in weak fluence rate red light and in weak fluence rate red plus far-red light

Corn (Zea mays L. cv. OP Golden Bantum) was grown under various low irradiances of red light (Pfr/Ptot∼ 0.8) and under high irradiance far-red light containing low amounts of red light (Pfr/Ptot∼ 0.05–0.15). Parameters of chloroplast development such as pigments, membrane polypeptides and infrastructure were compared among the various light sources. Results indicate that the requirement for phytochrome is saturated at low ratios of Pfr/Ptot (<5% Pfr). When the phytochrome requirement is saturated, pigment synthesis assumes major importance and chloroplasi development is directly related to red light irradiance.
Data-transformation approach to lifetimes data analysis: An overview

This article consists of a review and some remarks on the scope, common models, methods, their limitations and implications for the analysis of lifetime data. Also a new approach based upon data-transformations analogous to that of Box and Cox (1964) is introduced. The basic methods and theory of the subject are most familiarly and commonly encountered by the statistical community in the context of problems in reliability studies and survival analysis. However, they are also useful in areas of statistical applications such as goodness-of-fit and approximations for sampling distributions and are applicable in such diverse fields of applied research as economics, finance, sociology, meteorology and hydrology. The discussion includes examples from the mainstream statistical, social sciences and business literature.
Transforming Institutions among Pastoralists: Inequality and Land Privatization

This article analyzes how a community of Samburu pastoralists in Kenya transformed their land tenure system from communal to private ownership. It demonstrates the dynamic nature of institutional change processes by examining exogenous and endogenous factors that created conditions conducive to change. Inequalities and conflicting interests among different social groups provided impetus for change as well as ammunition to attack or defend common property. Privatization emerged from conflict among social groups, predicated on the relative power positions of the parties—positions that shifted over time in response to strategic actions of individuals and groups. In turn, the adoption of private property altered social relationships, creating new norms regarding land ownership, individual rights, and authority. [Keywords: institutions, Africa, pastoralism, property rights, social norms]
The foreign exchange market efficiency hypothesis revisiting the puzzle

Abstract The Engle-Granger bivariate (strong form) and the Johansen-Juselius multivariate (weak form) cointegration tests are performed between the spot and forward rate series over multiple horizons to test the market efficiency hypothesis (MEH).
Manned earth entry at hyperbolic velocities.

Problems that may occur during manned Earth entry in return from planetary missions are reviewed to evaluate the use of current technology and systems concepts in solution of such problems and to identify the advancements required. Analytical results show that a lift-todrag ratio (L/D) of 0.5 provides a sufficiently large entry corridor depth at velocities up to 55,000 fps to allow safe entry within the capability of existing guidance and navigation systems. An increase in vehicle slenderness to reduce radiant heating results in higher surface Reynolds numbers, thus increasing the possibility of boundary-layer transition and the attendant increase in convective heating. When radiation absorption and energy losses are included in the shock layer, the radiant heat transfer to blunt bodies is significantly less than that obtained in predictions which ignore these effects. Experimental data for the ablative heat shield of the Apollo command module imply that existing heat shields can provide efficient thermal protection for planetary return missions. Thus, for entry velocities up to 55,000 fps, the L/D's provided by blunt configurations appear sufficient for safe entry, and the associated heatshield weights are comparable to those of slender configurations.
Evaporative cooling: An assessment of california market potential and estimated impacts of key deployment barriers

The California Energy Commission has recognized evaporative cooling space conditioning as a key demand-side “Opportunity Technology,” which offers compelling energy, economic development and environmental benefits to the state. In 1993, the Commission lead an effort to form an industry Collaborative of Stakeholders whose primary focus was to improve market penetration through the identification and elimination of the key barriers to technology deployment. More recently, the Commission has supported this objective through the funding of a statewide market assessment of evaporative cooling in the residential and commercial market segments with Regional Economic Research, Inc. of San Diego, California under Contract No. 500-93-027. Summary data and results from this work are presented in this paper. Baseline forecasts of market shares and the associated energy impacts within the residential and commercial market segments, including new construction and existing facilities, were then developed for each statewide planning area and utility climate zone in California. Thereafter, forecasts of the sensitivity of market shares and energy impacts to changes in key drivers (e. g., awareness, technology costs, and select non-economic drivers) were generated to establish the relative importance of each of the technology market drivers. Finally, Achievable Potential was estimated in the form of market shares and associated energy savings, based upon assumptions with respect to the achievable reductions in evaporative cooling deployment barriers.
Structural properties of YBa2Cu3O6+x at elevated temperatures in controlled oxygen atmospheres

Abstract The structural properties of YBa2Cu3O6+x have been determined at elevated temperatures in controlled oxygen partial pressure by in situ neutron powder diffraction. Diffraction data were obtained as a function of the oxygen partial pressure at constant temperatures of 490°C and 440°C. These data, taken in thermodynamic equilibrium, provide information that cannot be obtained from metastable oxygen-deficient samples studied at room temperature. For example, the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition is observed to be continuous, as expected for a second order phahe transition. Sequential diffraction measurements following each change in experimental conditions were used to monitor the approach to equilibrium by observing changes in lattice constants. A considerable increase in equilibrium time (following a step-like change in oxygen partial pressure) was found as the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition was approached. No phases other than the high-temperature orthorhombic (ortho-I) and tetragonal phases were observed.
Multimodality treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

Most trigeminal neuralgia (TN) studies focus on a single strategy, microvascular decompression (MVD) or percutaneous rhizotomy (PR). We use a multimodality approach to TN. We perform MVD on patients y
The structure and vibrational excitations of simple glasses

Abstract This paper gives careful definitions of the four ranges of order in an amorphous solid: short, intermediate, long and global. These ranges are used to catalog all of the elements of order in the Zachariasen-Warren continoous random network model of amorphous SiO 2 , and are also recommended to catalog the order in any other homogeneous or heterogeneous model for glass structure. The Sen-Thorpe central-forces-only vibrational model is shown to contain most of the Zachariasen-Warren elements of structural order, and is thereby revealed as a particularly promising first approximation. The infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering spectra of vitreous GeO 2 are presented and interpreted extensively, using a central forces model that is augmented with non-central forces.
Oscillation theorems for second order functional differential equations

On etudie le comportement oscillatoire de l'equation differentielle x''(t)+p(t)f(x(t), x(h(t)))=0, t≥t 0 . On se restreint aux solutions qui existent sur un rayon [t,∞) ou T≥t 0 et qui sont non triviales dans un voisinage de l'infini
Functionality Behavior of Raw and Extruded Corn Starch Mixtures

ABSTRACT Relationships between the structural properties of raw and extruded corn starches and their functionalities were investigated using mixtures of these starch types. Extruded starch had higher water absorption and water solubility indices, and produced lower RVA viscosity profiles when compared with raw starch. It also had no differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) endotherm. Gel cohesiveness and adhesiveness of both starch types were similar, while extruded starch gels were softer. Extruded starch produced lower Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) viscosity profiles than raw starch due to starch degradation during extrusion. The raw and extruded starch components had negative interaction coefficients, thus RVA viscosity parameters were lowered as the fraction of extruded starch in the mixture increased. Starch degradation in the extruded starch was a likely significant factor associated with low viscosity profiles. Mixtures of raw and extruded starches could be commercially prepared to obtain finished star...
Identification of an Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Docking Site in Ribosomal S6 Kinase, a Sequence Critical for Activation by ERK in Vivo

Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins containing the carboxyl-terminal tails of three p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) isozymes (RSK1, RSK2, and RSK3) interacted with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Within the carboxyl-terminal residues of the RSK isozymes is a region of high conservation corresponding to residues 722LAQRRVRKLPSTTL735 in RSK1. Truncation of the carboxyl-terminal 9 residues, 727VRKLPSTTL735, completely eliminated the interaction of the GST-RSK1 fusion protein with purified recombinant ERK2, whereas the truncation of residues 731PSTTL735 had no effect on the interaction with purified ERK2. ERK1 and ERK2 co-immunoprecipitated with hemagglutinin-tagged wild type RSK2 (HA-RSK2) in BHK cell cytosol. However, ERK did not co-immunoprecipitate with HA-RSK2((1-729)), a mutant missing the carboxyl-terminal 11 amino acids, similar to the minimal truncation that eliminated in vitro interaction of ERK with the GST-RSK1 fusion protein. Kinase activity of HA-RSK2 increased 6-fold in response to insulin. HA-RSK2((1-729)) had a similar basal kinase activity to that of HA-RSK2 but was not affected by insulin treatment. Immunoprecipitated HA-RSK2 and HA-RSK2((1-729)) could be activated to the same extent in vitro by active ERK2, demonstrating that HA-RSK2((1-729)) was properly folded. These data suggest that the conserved region of the RSK isozymes (722LAQRRVRKL730 of RSK1) provides for a specific ERK docking site approximately 150 amino acids carboxyl-terminal to the nearest identified ERK phosphorylation site (Thr573). Complex formation between RSK and ERK is essential for the activation of RSK by ERK in vivo. Comparison of the docking site of RSK with the carboxyl-terminal tails of other MAPK-activated kinases reveals putative docking sites within each of these MAPK-targeted kinases. The number and placement of lysine and arginine residues within the conserved region correlate with specificity for activation by ERK and p38 MAPKs in vivo.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) actuators: the role of cation and anion choice

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT, freestanding films were synthesized and characterized as conducting polymer linear actuators. Variations of solvent and electrolyte led to the observation of strains greater than 4% with maximum strain rates of 0.2%/s during electrochemical interrogation in an ionic liquid environment. The ionic liquid 1,3-butylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIMPF6, enabled the largest strains to be observed repeatedly while the polymer was held at a stress of 1.0MPa over tens of cycles. The ionic liquid environment also produced a single polarity in the relationship between charge and strain. This single polarity suggested that only the imidazolium cation was actively intercalating into and out of the polymer film. The possible sources and consequences of such a mechanism as compared to actuation in conventional solvents and electrolytes which show dual polarity of charge and strain is discussed.
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a disease of faulty neuronal resonators rather than oscillators, and all seizures are provoked, usually by stress

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common cause of intractable adult epilepsy. It is proposed that different kinds of epilepsy be classified into one of two categories, which correspond to the two basic kinds of neurons in the brain, that is, as diseases of oscillators or as diseases of resonators. Oscillator (or pacemacker) neurons are endowed with intrinsic conductances that permit periodic spontaneous generation of action potentials; in contrast, resonators are neurons which process information coming from sensory stimuli or from other neurons. A literature review supports the idea that TLE is a disease of faulty resonators. This means that seizures do not arise de novo in the seizure focus. The seizure focus responds to normal input with an abnormally large discharge that causes seizures. The most frequent trigger for TLE is psychological stress. A previously published theory of stress is reviewed. The stress circuit runs from the hippocampus to the amygdala to the dorsal raphe nucleus to the entorhinal cortex and back to the hippocampus. Cell loss in the dentate is central to the pathophysiology of both chronic stress and TLE, which establish a "vicious circle" relationship with one another. Once it is grasped that TLE is a disease of resonators and that all seizures in TLE are triggered, then it makes sense to address the major recognized trigger, which is stress. New therapeutic ideas for decreasing seizure frequency in TLE include the use of anti-depressants, ethosuximide (which blocks firing in the dorsal raphe nucleus), and mood-stabilizers (which block firing in the entorhinal cortex). The latter category includes several recognized anti-epileptic drugs. Drugs from all three categories should be used simultaneously and on an empirical basis in each patient.
Fluid mechanical light guide.

It is shown that a beam of light can be deflected continuously through large angles along a curved path using the gas flow from a convergent–divergent nozzle sector whose throat lies on the arc of a circle. The amount of deflection depends on the included angle of the nozzle sector and on the density gradients created by the expanding gas flow. For a 360° included angle the beam can in principle be bent into a closed path with a radius of the order of a few tens of centimeters. Nozzle sectors with included angles of 30° and 180° are studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that a well-defined region exists in the flow wherein light rays are trapped in near-circular paths whose radii are close to the radius of the nozzle throat. The trapping region in effect constitutes a curved light guide. Very low light losses are predicted and measured, even for large deflections. Using nitrogen at a stagnation pressure of 110 atm as the working fluid, a laser beam is deflected as much as 180° with a transmission approaching 100%.
INTERNATIONAL DEMAND FOR AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION: An Extension

This article reports the estimated effects of a country's population and income on its citizens' demand for American higher education. Data are from 1978, 1982, and 1987. With the behavioral variables, the model includes binary variables for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and Asian countries. Population significantly affects demand, but the effect is not proportional: A 10% increase in population causes demand for American higher education to rise by about 2%. The impact of income is similar; for this variable, the estimated elasticity is about 0.1. Together, these findings suggest that countries meet the majority of any change in their citizens' demand with domestic supply. For 1978 and 1982, OPEC provided considerably more students than other countries, other things being equal. By 1987. This difference had vanished. At the same time, Asian countries were providing more students than other countries, other things being equal, and the difference increased monotonically through time.
Electroless Gold as a Substrate for Self-Assembled Monolayers

We demonstrate that close-packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be formed from long chain alkanethiols on the surface of electroless gold. Gold films were deposited on glass microscope slides, high-index glass, and polycarbonate “track-etch” (PCTE) membranes using an electroless plating technique. The roughness of the surface of electroless gold was large but could be reduced to levels comparable to those for evaporated films by thermal annealing of samples supported on glass substrates. Although the largest peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns corresponded to Au(111), electroless gold has significant (200), (220), and (311) reflections and is, therefore, different from Au(111) textured gold films prepared by evaporation. Self-assembled monolayers formed from alkanethiols on electroless gold were characterized by contact angles of hexadecane, cyclic voltammetry, and grazing-angle FTIR spectroscopy. To form close-packed SAMs, it was necessary to apply postplating treatments to the electroless gold suc...
NIR dyes for bioimaging applications

Fluorescent dyes based on small organic molecules that function in the near infrared (NIR) region are of great current interest in chemical biology. They allow for imaging with minimal autofluorescence from biological samples, reduced light scattering, and high tissue penetration. Herein, examples of ongoing NIR fluorophore design strategies as well as their properties and anticipated applications relevant to the bioimaging are presented.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Populations.

Purpose The cultures and service needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) minority groups are relevant to speech-language pathologists (SLPs). In particular, transgender individuals seeking communication services from SLPs in order to improve quality of life require culturally and clinically competent clinicians. Knowledge and attitudes regarding a population are foundational stages toward cultural competency (Turner, Wilson, & Shirah, 2006). The purpose of this research is to assess LGBTQ knowledge and attitudes among aspiring and practicing SLPs. Method An online survey was completed by 279 SLPs from 4 countries. Results Mean accuracy scores on LGBTQ culture questions were near 50%. Self-ratings indicated more comfort than knowledge, with generally positive feelings toward LGBTQ subgroups. Transgender communication is within SLPs' scope of practice, yet 47% indicated such services were not addressed in their master's curriculum, and 51% did not know how to describe transgender com...
Negotiating What Counts: Roles and Relationships, Texts and Contexts, Content and Meaning.

Abstract In this article a framework is presented for examining the ways in which written texts in classrooms are shaped by and related to the oral texts of classroom life. The relationship between oral and written texts is examined by an analysis of factors that support and constrain what pairs of students writing a common social science text accomplish in and through their face-to-face interactions. As part of the analysis, the relationship of text and context, content and meaning, and roles and relationships are presented. Students' discourse will be analyzed for its content (what students talk about) and patterning (who talks to whom) to make visible how the processes of negotiation are an important task demand in the social construction of texts. To identify socio-academic factors that influence the nature of written text, I examine how these texts are talked into being as they become written documents (artifacts). By examining the relationship between oral and written texts, I make visible the complex nature of intertextual relationships within the classroom and raise questions about what counts as context.
EVLA of lower extremity superficial venous reflux disease: relationship between long-term recanalization rates and energy density

Purpose To determine if energy density (Joules/cm) effects long-term success of EVLA of lower extremity superficial venous reflux. Materials and Methods IRB and HIPAA compliance were obtained. A retrospective review of EVLA treatments performed at a busy outpatient interventional radiology office was performed. Data collected included age, sex, vein segment treated, energy density (J/cm), length of vein treated, ultrasound follow-up intervals, and recanalization. Vein segments treated were divided into 80 J/cm. Comparison of recanalization rates among varying energy density groups were performed. Results There were 2127 vein segments treated from July 2003 to March 2012. Average age of patients were 51.3 years (range 21-86 years) with 1458 women and 347 men treated. Average follow-up was 298.7 days (range 5-1983). Average energy density was 86 J/cm with recanalization rate of 3.24% (69 of 2127). The recanalization rates for 80 J/cm were 5.57% (23 of 413), 4.77% (24 of 502), and 1.82% (22 of 1211) respectively. There is statistically significant lower recanalization rate in the > 80 J/cm group compared to 80 J/cm compared to 60-80 J/cm group almost reached statistical significance (p=0.08). The lower recanalization rate in the 60-80 J/cm group compared to the Conclusion This retrospective review of 2127 vein segments treated showed that EVLA performed with energy density >80 J/cm had the lowest long term recanalization rate. The study suggests that target energy density should be >80 J/cm to obtain highest long term success.
Solution-Based Processing of the Phase-Change Material KSb5S8

A hydrazine-based process for solution-depositing phase-change materials (PCMs) is demonstrated, using KSb{sub 5}S{sub 8} (KSS) as an example. The process involves dissolving the elemental metals and chalcogen in hydrazine at room temperature and spin-coating the solution onto a substrate, followed by a short low-temperature (T {<=} 250 C) anneal. The spin-coated KSS films, which range in thickness from 10 to 90 nm, are examined using variable temperature X-ray diffraction, medium energy ion scattering (MEIS), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spin-coated KSS films exhibit a reversible amorphous-crystalline transition with a relatively high crystallization temperature ({approx}280 C). Selected other chalcogenide-based PCMs are also expected to be suitable for thin-film deposition using this approach.
Mechanical forces and pulmonary vascular conductance

Abstract Vascular conductance (flow rate per unit of arteriovenous pressure gradient) was studied in the degassed lung lobe in which saline solution was used to fill the airway and the pleural space, and to perfuse the blood vessels at selected arterial and venous pressures. This preparation eliminated effects due to surface, osmotic, and hydrostatic forces, those due to geometric relationships resulting from distention of the lung, and those which result from oscillations of pressures in the airway and in the vessels. All the data obtained could be treated in a consistent manner by considering the airway pressure to be the zero reference level. The phenomenon of critical closing could be demonstrated as a mechanical effect due to negative transmural capillary pressure; thus, when airway pressure exceeded arterial and venous pressures, conductance was zero. As arterial pressure was raised above airway pressure, fluid was displaced from the intralobar (airway) compartment. Conductance was correlated directly with the volume of displacement of fluid from the intralobar compartment. These data indicated that intralobar vessels, presumably the alveolar capillaries, opened when transmural pressure was positive and closed when it was negative. Variations in conductance occurred with changes in transmural pressure. Positive transmural pressures were produced by elevations of arterial or venous pressures, or by a lowering of airway pressures. When intralobar capillary transmural pressure was about +7 cm. of saline, conductance was maximal. Changes in the degree of filling of the lung lobe, or in the volume of fluid in the vessels exposed to the pleural surface, had no significant effects on conductance. Recurrent oscillations of the system were observed at transmural pressure of approximately zero. These oscillations were similar to the patterns of recurrent closure and opening of soft-walled vessels (flitter) noted in previous studies. Conductance was proportional to the period during which the vessel was open (duty cycle). It is shown that marked changes in pulmonary vascular conductance can be produced by mechanical effects at the collapsible intra-alveolar capillary. Before changes in conductance can be attributed to humoral, neurogenic, or pharmacologic factors, the potential mechanical effects on conductance of changes in transmural pressure at the capillary must be controlled.
Protein synthesis before and after fertilization in the egg of Ilyanassa obsoleta.

Abstract Protein synthesis before and after fertilization in Ilyanassa obsoleta has been investigated. Unfertilized eggs do incorporate significant amounts of labelled amino acids into protein. However, fertilized eggs undergo an increase both in uptake and incorporation of labelled amino acids into protein within 15 minutes of fertilization. Post-fertilization protein synthesis is sensitive to but not completely inhibited by puromycin.
Detection and quantification of human metapneumovirus in pediatric specimens by real-time RT-PCR.

Abstract Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently identified virus, causes respiratory illness in children. Objectives: A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed and used to detect and quantify hMPV in respiratory specimens. Study design: The quantitative RT-PCR assay amplified an approximately 70 base pair fragment from the hMPV fusion protein gene. The assay was validated and used to test respiratory specimens obtained from children seen at a hospital in Seattle, Washington, from December 2002 through May 2003. Results: The assay detected 1000 hMPV copies/mL of specimen, did not detect 19 other respiratory viruses, and was able to detect and accurately quantify isolates from the four known hMPV genetic lineages in a proficiency panel of 20 previously tested samples. hMPV was detected in 52 (7.2%) of 719 pediatric respiratory specimens. The mean log 10 copies/mL of hMPV in the 52 positive specimens was 7.67 (range = 4.59–10.60). Children aged 7–12 months had a significantly higher hMPV prevalence (12.4%) than did children younger than 7 months (4.7%) (P Conclusions: The rapid real-time RT-PCR assay described here is a sensitive test for clarifying the epidemiology of and diseases associated with hMPV.
Decoherence of superconducting qubits caused by quasiparticle tunneling

In superconducting qubits, the interaction of the qubit degree of freedom with quasiparticles defines a fundamental limitation for the qubit coherence. We develop a theory of the pure dephasing rate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ caused by quasiparticles tunneling through a Josephson junction and of the inhomogeneous broadening due to changes in the occupations of Andreev states in the junction. To estimate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$, we derive a master equation for the qubit dynamics. The tunneling rate of free quasiparticles is enhanced by their large density of states at energies close to the superconducting gap. Nevertheless, we find that ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ is small compared to the rates determined by extrinsic factors in most of the current qubit designs (phase and flux qubits, transmon, fluxonium). The split transmon, in which a single junction is replaced by a SQUID loop, represents an exception that could make possible the measurement of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$. Fluctuations of the qubit frequency leading to inhomogeneous broadening may be caused by the fluctuations in the occupation numbers of the Andreev states associated with a phase-biased Josephson junction. This mechanism may be revealed in qubits with small-area junctions, since the smallest relative change in frequency it causes is of the order of the inverse number of transmission channels in the junction.
Máscaras de la expresión amorosa en la poesía de Jaime Siles

The poetry of Jaime Siles hasn’t been characterized, according to critics, by its emotional intensity, much less by the predominance of the love theme. Nevertheless these have always been present throughout his work, playing a relevant role in the search for emotional balance that characterizes him. Thus, it is interesting to see how these feelings become channels through which run the intense but fleeting emotions of loving beings as they fight to be rationalized through the word.
Expansion of CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes correlates with induction of cytotoxicity by interleukin-2 gene transfer in human breast tumor cultures

Background: Mice immunized with murine mammary carcinoma cells genetically engineered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) are rendered resistant to subsequent challenge with unmodified tumor cells, and in the case of mice bearing established tumors, the rate of development of pulmonary metastases is reduced. Despite these encouraging animal results, little is known about the induction of antitumor immunity by IL-2 gene transfer in human breast cancer.
Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the DsaV methyltransferase

Abstract A gene encoding the M·DsaV methyltransferase was cloned and characterized. The enzyme methylates the internal cytosines in the 5′-CCTGG recognition sequence, as determined by a novel rapid method employing 3H label and exonuclease III.
Coherence Maps for Wind-Forced Quasigeostrophic Flows*

Abstract Coherence maps are a useful tool to study the oceanic response to atmospheric forcing. For a specific frequency band these maps display the coherence between the oceanic current (or pressure) at a single mooring location and the atmospheric forcing field at other locations as a function of separation. This paper calculates such coherence maps from a simple linear quasigeostrophic model forced by a statistically stationary and homogeneous wind field. The calculated coherence maps show values less than one. Such values are not due to the presence of noise but are a consequence of the ocean being forced at many locations. The maps also show characteristic patterns with maxima either at the mooring location or away from it. The locations of the maxima do not indicate the locations of the forcing but instead reflect the scales of the atmospheric forcing spectrum and of the Green’s function of the potential vorticity equation. Coherence maps can be used to estimate the Green’s function in a multiple re...
Impact of Minnesota's "Profile of Learning"

In 1990, the Minnesota State Board of Education declared its intention to develop a "results-oriented graduation requirement" based on student achievement as opposed to the usual credit/course completion requirement. In addition to a traditional test of basic skills, the state began developing the Profile of Learning, a set of performance-based standards grounded in a constructivist educational philosophy, an approach that differs from the content-based standards found in many states. The Profile was controversial from its inception. Conservatives characterized the Profile as too process- oriented and as lacking subject-matter content; teachers reported that the Profile required a significant amount of additional teacher preparation time; and parents, who were not adequately informed about the Profile, questioned the purpose of the Profile. Teachers were frustrated with the confusing and sometimes contradictory directions they received from the Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning charged with implementing the Profile. In 2000-2001, we surveyed and interviewed selected secondary English and social studies teachers in the state about their perceptions of the Profile’s impact on teaching and learning. Among the positive perceptions was an increase in students’ higher order thinking, students’ understanding of criteria for quality work, and teachers conversations with one another about instructional issues. Increased teacher preparation time and decreased enjoyment of teaching were among the negative perceptions. Teachers also experienced difficulty adopting performance assessment techniques. When teachers believed they received effective preparation and adequate resources for working with the Profile, they were much more likely to report beneficial effects in terms of teaching and learning. The majority of teachers, however, rated their preparation and resources as "fair" or "poor." Results are discussed in terms of school and instructional change.