cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol accumulation in human cornea: evidence that extracellular cholesteryl ester-rich lipid particles deposit independently of foam cells

The cornea is a connective tissue site where lipid accumulates as a peripheral arcus lipoides. We found that cholesterol, in predominantly esterified form, progressively accumulated with age in the peripheral corneas of 20- to 90-yr-old individuals. Ultrastructural studies showed extracellular solid spherical lipid particles ( 75% of their cholesterol in esterified form, and were distributed in two populations with average diameters of 22 +/- 5 nm (SD) and 79 +/- 26 nm. Gel-filtration chromatographic analysis of the corneal lipid particles showed that most cholesterol eluted with the larger particles and these larger particles lacked apoB. ApoA-I was associated with lipid particles the size of HDL. Most apoE was associated with lipid particles larger than the apoA-I-containing lipid particles and smaller than the large lipid particles that carried most of the corneal cholesterol. Thus, the cholesteryl ester-rich lipid particles that accumulate in the cornea are 1) similar to lipid particles previously localized within and isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions, 2) accumulate without foam cells, and 3) may be derived from low density lipoproteins that have lost their apoB and fused.
River velocities from sequential multispectral remote sensing images

[1] We address the problem of extracting surface velocities from a pair of multispectral remote sensing images over rivers using a new nonlinear multiple-tracer form of the global optimal solution (GOS). The derived velocity field is a valid solution across the image domain to the nonlinear system of equations obtained by minimizing a cost function inferred from the conservation constraint equations for multiple tracers. This is done by deriving an iteration equation for the velocity, based on the multiple-tracer displaced frame difference equations, and a local approximation to the velocity field. The number of velocity equations is greater than the number of velocity components, and thus overly constrain the solution. The iterative technique uses Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods and our own algorithm of the progressive relaxation of the over-constraint. We demonstrate the nonlinear multiple-tracer GOS technique with sequential multispectral Landsat and ASTER images over a portion of the Potomac River in MD/VA, and derive a dense field of accurate velocity vectors. We compare the GOS river velocities with those from over 12 years of data at four NOAA reference stations, and find good agreement. We discuss how to find the appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions to allow optimization of the technique for specific rivers.
Improving Psychiatric Nurses’ Detection of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Patients with psychiatric disorders receive nursing care in psychiatric units, medical units and long-term care facilities. Like other patients, their well-being is reliant upon knowledgeable caregivers. The pharmacological interventions that patients are dependent on can have catastrophic effects; of particular concern is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). This article affords a succinct review of the literature related to NMS and provides suggestions for psychiatric nurse educators to facilitate early recognition, thereby reducing mortality and morbidity. Emphasis is placed on educational tools to help reduce under-detection. A case study illustrates how under-detection can lead to a near fatal outcome.
Resolved dipolar splittings of the nuclear quadrupole resonance of 14N in Solid nitrogen

Abstract Dipolar splittings of the NQR of 14 N in 14 N- 14 N and 14 N- 15 N molecules have been resolved in carefully annealed samples of α-N 2 . The quadrupole coupling constant is negative. Values for the isotope splitting and motional averaging are reported.
On the transport of energy in water waves

Theory is developed and utilized for the calculation of the separate transport of kinetic, gravity potential, and surface-tension energies within sinusoidal surface waves in water of arbitrary depth. In Sect. 2 it is shown that each of these three types of energy constituting the wave travel at different speeds, and that the group velocity, c g , is the energy-weighted average of these speeds, depth- and time-averaged in the case of the kinetic energy. It is shown that the time-averaged kinetic energy travels at every depth horizontally either with (deep water), or faster than the wave itself, and that the propagation of a sinusoidal wave is made possible by the vertical transport of kinetic energy to the free surface, where it provides the oscillating balance in surface energy just necessary to allow the propagation of the wave.The propagation speed along the surface of the gravity potential energy is null, while the surface-tension energy travels forward along the wave surface everywhere at twice the wave velocity, c. The flux of kinetic energy, when viewed traveling with a wave, provides a pattern of steady flux lines which originate and end on the free surface after making vertical excursions into the wave, even to the bottom, and these are calculated. The pictures produced in this way provide immediate insight into the basic mechanisms of wave motion. In Sect. 3 the modulated gravity wave is considered in deep water and the balance of terms involved in the propagation of the energy in the wave group is determined; it is shown again that vertical transport of kinetic energy to the surface is fundamental in allowing the propagation of the modulation, and in determining the well-known speed of the modulation envelope, c g .
The Experience of Caring for an Adult Child With Schizophrenia

The experience of caring for an adult child with schizophrenia was explored using phenomenological methodology. Nine parents who were the primary caretakers of an adult child with schizophrenia participated in qualitative interviews. The resulting transcripts were analyzed to discover the structure of the lived experience. The study revealed that the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a child is experienced by the parent as a destructive force that interrupts and radically transforms the normative family life trajectory. This grief-filled experience involves both the loss of an imagined, idealized child and a transformation of the physically present child into a needy stranger. Implications are discussed and applied to community-based, family-centered mental health care. Importantly, the revealed dissatisfaction with initial mental health evaluations suggests that modification of current practices could produce significant benefits.
EFFECTS OF INTERGENERATIONAL MASSAGE ON FUTURE CAREGIVERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING, THE ELDERLY, AND CARING FOR THE ELDERLY

This study addressed the issue of how educators can best change future caregivers’ attitudes toward aging and caring for the elderly. The goal of this study was to design the most effective curriculum to change attitudes and thereby better prepare health care professionals to serve older adults. The study built on previous work that showed curriculum modules that included both instruction about aging and contact with older adults have been effective in changing attitudes and increasing interest in working with the elderly. The therapeutic massage course in this study offered the opportunity to learn how the addition of a third element ‐‐ touch ‐‐ and the relative intensity of the massage interaction would affect student attitudes and ideas. The study found a very positive shift in student attitudes toward the elderly during the massage experience, suggesting that intergenerational massage is an important element in educating caregiving professionals for work with older adults
α-Substituted β-Lactams via a Convenient Annelation of Imines

Abstract In 1966 Bose and co-workers2 introduced azidoacetyl chloride as a valuable reagent for β-lactam synthesis by the “acid chloride-imine method.”3 The azido group serves as a crypto amino function for further elaboration of the penicillin and cephalosporin side chain. The use of this reagent in β-lactam chemistry has proved very fruitful; the synthesis of trans penicillin V methyl ester,4 cephalosporins,5 penicillin,5 4-mercapto-2-azetidinones,6 and other β-lactams have been achieved in various laboratories through the intermediacy of this reagent. Azidoacetyl chloride, like other azido compounds, however, tends to decompose with explosive violence if rigorous precautions are not observed. We have been engaged, therefore, in exploring alternative synthetic approaches to β-lactams which would make the use of azidoacetyl chloride unnecessary. In the present communication we wish to report a facile method for the preparation of α-azido-β-lactams and other 3-substituted-2- azetidinones without employing...
Outcomes of "inadequate" antidepressant treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To examine outcomes of primary care patients receiving low levels of antidepressant treatment.
The Non-Failing Human Heart Secretes ProBNP 1-108

NGAL levels would identify patients at risk of subsequent AKI in ED patients with AHF. Methods: We selected participants from an ongoing prospective trial of patients who were treated for AHF in the ED and had a baseline urine NGAL [corrected for urine creatinine (Cr)] and serum Cr as well as at least one follow-up serum Cr. The criterion standard for AKI was defined as either: 1) creatinine increase $ 0.3 mg/dl during hospitalization; or 2) RIFLE criteria stages 1-3: defined as a creatinine increase of 1.5, 2.0 or 3.0 time baseline or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decrease of O25%, O50%, or O75%, respectively. Groups were compared with the MannWhitney U test. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as the overall measure of diagnostic accuracy. Results: There were 134 patients enrolled, with a median age of 65 (range 33-90), 58% Caucasian and 39% female. 23 patients (17.2%) fulfilled the definition of AKI during their hospital stay. Patients who did not develop AKI had significantly lower NGAL levels upon ED presentation than patients who developed AKI (median 13.0 ng NGAL/mg urine Cr vs 63.5 ng NGAL/mg urine Cr, respectively; p ! 0.001). The area under the ROC curve shown in the figure was 0.75 (95%CI 0.63 to 0.86). At a cutoff of 8.4 ng NGAL/mg urine Cr the sensitivity, specificity, negative, positive likelihood ratio were 89%, 33%, 0.08, 0.32, respectively. Conclusion: NGAL is significantly elevated in patients who develop subsequent AKI during hospitalization for AHF. These findings need to be explored further in a larger cohort of patients with AHF and AKI.
Presence-dependent performance differences between virtual simulations and miniature worlds

The purpose of simulation is to avoid reality-based constraints by the implementation of a synthetic model. Interactive simulations have conquered all areas of applications like acquisition, training, or research. Anecdotal observations on human-in-the-loop simulations have shown a significant difference in actor behavior between simulations and the actual application. The factors which make simulation so attractive, namely the absence of constraints and especially of imminent danger for persons and equipment, seem to influence the behavior and thereby the performance of the user. The concept of perceiving a simulation as 'real' and of 'being in' the simulation is called 'sense of presence'. It is hypothesized that the application type will affect the perceived sense of presence and will thereby lead to performance differences. The aim of this research is the relationship of presence and performance in real and simulated teleoperation tasks. In teleoperation related training, education, and research, the robot is often replaced by a simulation while keeping the real control elements. Based on the hypothesis that the user behaves and thereby performs differently in simulations, these differences could jeopardize the generalization of such VE-based results. In this research a teleoperation task is used to compare presence and performance between simulation and a miniature-based application.
Strong, Ductile Magnesium-Zinc Nanocomposites

Incorporated SiC nanoparticles are demonstrated to influence the solidification of magnesium-zinc alloys resulting in strong, ductile, and castable materials. By ultrasonically dispersing a small amount (less than 2 vol pct) of SiC nanoparticles, both the strength and ductility exhibit marked enhancement in the final casting. This unusual ductility enhancement is the result of the nanoparticles altering the selection of intermetallic phases. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the MgZn2 phase was discovered among SiC nanoparticle clusters in hypoeutectic compositions. Differential thermal analysis showed that the MgZn2 formation resulted in elimination of other intermetallics in the Mg-4Zn nanocomposite and reduced their formation in Mg-6Zn and Mg-8Zn nanocomposites.
Assessing multilevel determinants of adoption and implementation of genomic medicine: an organizational mixed-methods approach.

Assessing multilevel determinants of adoption and implementation of genomic medicine: an organizational mixed-methods approach
Personality similarity and friendship.

Using the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, “personality similarity or similarity of affect needs and of ways of expressing and receiving affect” was found to be a significant factor in interpersonal attraction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Low-bandgap poly(thiophene-phenylene-thiophene) derivatives with broaden absorption spectra for use in high-performance bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells.

Two low-bandgap (LGB) conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) based on thiophene-phenylene-thiophene (TPT) with adequate energy levels have been designed and synthesized for application in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). The absorption spectral, electrochemical, field effect hole mobility and photovoltaic properties of LGB TPT derivatives are investigated and compared with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Photophysical studies reveal bandgaps of 1.76 eV for P1 and 1.70 eV for P2, which could effectively harvest broader solar spectrum. In addition, the thin film absorption coefficients of P1 and P2 are 1.6 × 105 cm−1 (λ ≈ 520 nm) and 1.4 × 105 cm−1 (λ ≈ 590 nm), respectively. Electrochemical studies indicate desirable HOMO/LUMO levels that enable a high open circuit voltage while blending them with fullerene derivatives as electron acceptors. Furthermore, both materials show sufficient hole mobility (3.4 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for P2) allowing efficient charge extraction and a good fill-factor for PSC applica...
Biological markers: metabolism and acute reactions to alcohol in sons of alcoholics.

Substantial evidence has accumulated to indicate that defined aspects of primary alcoholism may be inherited. Family history studies, genetic marker studies, twin studies and adoption studies all contribute to this conclusion. Current studies of possible biological mediators of predisposing factors indicate that men with a family history of alcoholism exhibit higher circulating levels of acetaldehyde after ingestion of ethanol compared to control subjects. Subjects with a family history of alcoholism also respond differently from controls on subjective measures of intoxication and on physiologic measures of ethanol's effects.
Overview of MEMS/NEMS technology development for space applications at NASA/JPL

This paper highlights the current technology development activities of the MEMS Technology Group at JPL. A diverse range of MEMS/NEMS technologies are under development, that are primarily applicable to NASA’s needs in the area of robotic planetary exploration. MEMS/NEMS technologies have obvious advantages for space applications, since they offer the promise of highly capable devices with ultra low mass, size and power consumption. However, the key challenge appears to be in finding efficient means to transition these technologies into “customer” applications. A brief description of this problem is presented along with the Group’s innovative approach to rapidly advance the maturity of technologies via insertion into space missions. Also described are some of the major capabilities of the MEMS Technology Group. A few important examples from among the broad classes of technologies being developed are discussed, these include the “Spider Web Bolometer”, High-Performance Miniature Gyroscopes, an Electron Luminescence X-ray Spectrometer, a MEMS-based “Knudsen” Thermal Transpiration pump, MEMS Inchworm Actuators, and Nanowire-based Biological/Chemical Sensors.
Hypothalamic hyperphagia prevented by damage to brain dopamine-containing neurons.

Abstract Bilateral damage to the ventromedial hypothalamic region in otherwise intact rats produced hyperphagia and weight gain. Rats which had incurred extensive damage to ascending dopamine-containing pathways as a result of intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine injections failed to overeat or to gain excessive weight following ventromedial hypothalamic damage. They were, however, hyperactive and hyperemotional shortly after this lesion. We suggest that the integrity of the ascending dopaminergic fibers is critical for the appearance of the hypothalamic hyperphagia syndrome.
The Relational Consequences of Interpersonal Violence (IPV) for Adolescent Mothers

Relationships are known to be vitally important for development, particularly in adolescence. Transcripts of semistructured interviews of 24 adolescent mothers who had experienced interpersonal violence (IPV) were analyzed to explore the effects of IPV on their important relationships. Mothers described feelings of loneliness and isolation; fears about trusting others; early and sometimes overwhelming family responsibilities; and disconnection from potential family support, as well as relationships with protective adults. These narratives captured during a critical developmental juncture reveal the influence that IPV has on young mothers' most important relationships and some of the attendant relational processes within these relationships. Findings suggest that shifting focus to the health of these relationships opens up innovative avenues for intervention with adolescent mothers.
Prostaglandin synthesis and catabolism in the gastric mucosa: studies in normal rabbits and rabbits immunized with prostaglandin E2

Antral and fundic mucosal homogenates obtained from prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits converted 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and prostaglandin D2. Percentage conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to these prostaglandin products was not significantly different in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits compared with control rabbits (thyroglobulin-immunized and unimmunized rabbits combined). Synthesis of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin E2 and 13,14-dihydro 15-keto prostaglandin E2 from endogenous arachidonic acid after vortex mixing fundic mucosal homogenates was similar in prostaglandin E2 immunized rabbits and control rabbits. Both in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits and controls, 3H-prostaglandin E2 was catabolized extensively by the fundic mucosa, whereas 3H-6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, 3H-prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 3H-prostaglandin D2 were not catabolized to any appreciable extent. The rate of catabolism of PGs was not significantly different in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits and control rabbits, with the exception of prostaglandin F2 alpha which was catabolized slightly more rapidly in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits. These results indicate that development of gastric ulcers in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits is not associated with an alteration in the capacity of the gastric mucosa to synthesize or catabolize prostaglandins.
FRUSTULIA BAHLSII SP. NOV., A FRESHWATER DIATOM FROM THE EASTERN U.S.A.

Frustulia bahlsii sp. nov. is formally described from soft-water sites from Maine to North Carolina along the eastern United States. The new species is separated from other members of the genus by the following suite of characters: large size, spatulate terminal raphe ends (i.e. not provided with a “porte-crayon”), and coarser longitudinal and transverse striae. Frustulia bahlsii appears closely allied to F. franguellii Manguin (nom. nud.) within the F. rhomboides (Ehrenberg) De Toni group.
Localization of brachytherapy seeds in MRI by deconvolution

MRI has the potential to be used as a preferred imaging method for brachytherapy during the seed insertion and post-surgery evaluation. However, the brachytherapy seeds usually appear dark in the MRI magnitude images. Previously, we have developed a method based on susceptibility mapping to generate positive contrast of the seeds, which allows improved seed localization. In this paper, we propose a new method to localize the seeds by deconvolution using a seed kernel (i.e. the calculated magnetic field surrounding a seed). The deconvolution is solved using a regularized L1 minimization. Results from simulated and experimental data sets show that the seeds can be identified and localized using the proposed method more precisely.
The Power of Food Scale predicts chocolate cravings and consumption and response to a cravings intervention.

The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is a new measure that assesses the impact of the food environment on food-related beliefs, thoughts and feelings. The present study involved 98 undergraduates who were given transparent boxes of Hershey's© kisses to keep with them for 48 h. They were instructed not to eat any of the kisses or any other chocolate during this period. We examined the relationship between the PFS and (1) cravings to eat the kisses (2) amount of kisses eaten (assessed surreptitiously), and (3) response to 3 intervention conditions (no intervention and control-based and acceptance-based interventions to reduced cravings). Baseline PFS scores significantly predicted the frequency and intensity of cravings and distress associated with them over the subsequent 48 h. In the control condition (where no effort was made to help participants cope with cravings), 30% of participants in the highest PFS tertile ate some of the chocolates compared to 4% among those in the lowest two tertiles. Response to the intervention interacted with baseline PFS levels, such that acceptance-based strategies were associated with better outcomes (for cravings and consumption) among those scoring highest on the PFS, but worse outcomes among those scoring lowest. Past research found the PFS to be related to self-report measures of external, emotional, disinhibitory, binge and hunger-based eating. Taken in conjunction with the present results, it appears that the PFS may represent a global measure of appetitive responsiveness to the food-abundant environments.
Changes in serotonin, serotonin transporter expression and serotonin denervation supersensitivity: involvement in chronic central pain after spinal hemisection in the rat.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in abnormal locomotor and pain syndromes in humans. In a rodent SCI model, T13 unilateral spinal hemisection results in bilateral mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, partly by interruption of tonic descending serotonin (5-HT) inhibition. In the current study, we examined changes in density and distribution of 5-HT and 5-HTT in cervical (C8) and lumbar (L5) enlargements after T13 spinal hemisection and studied the effects of intrathecally delivered 5-HT (10, 21, and 63 μg), 5-HT antagonist methysergide (125 μg/kg), and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine (75 μg/kg) on pain-related behaviors. Thirty-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were spinally hemisected and sacrificed at 3 (n = 20) and 28 (n = 20) days postsurgery for immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA analysis and compared against sham-operated animals (n = 10). At day 3, C8 5-HT levels were not significantly changed but at L5 there was a significant decrease in ipsilateral 5-HT in laminae I–II followed by incomplete recovery at 28 days postinjury. At both 3 and 28 days postinjury, C8 5-HTT levels were not significantly changed, but at L5 there was significant ipsilateral up-regulation of 5-HTT in laminae I–II. A second group of animals (n = 30) was hemisected and, starting at 28 days postinjury, behaviorally tested with intrathecal compounds. Increasing doses of 5-HT attenuated both fore- and hindlimb mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and effects of endogenous 5-HT were attenuated by methysergide and enhanced with fluvoxamine, all without locomotor alterations. Sham controls (n = 10) were unaffected. Thus, permanent changes occur in 5-HT and 5-HTT after SCI, denervation 5-HT supersensitivity develops, and modulation of 5-HT attenuates pain-related behaviors. Insight gained by these studies may aid in the understanding of dynamic 5-HT systems which will be useful in treating chronic central pain after SCI.
Mediated electrosynthesis with cerium (IV) in methanesulphonic acid

Methanesulphonic acid has been found to solubilize the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) couple. This makes cerium mediated electrosynthesis practical for commercial production of several carbonyl compounds. Results are presented for the electrochemical generation of Ce(IV) in methanesulphonic acid and for naphthalene oxidation to 1,4-naphthoquinone using Ce(IV).
On elastic behaviour of fibre reinforced materials of arbitrary transverse phase geometry

Abstract T he Plane strain bulk modulus and the two shear moduli of multiphase transversely isotropic fibre reinforced materials of arbitrary transverse phase geometry, are bounded from above and below in terms of phase moduli and phase volume fractions. Particular attention is given to the important special case of two-phase fibre reinforced materials.
MRI of carcinoma of the cervix

The current status of the use of MRI in the identification and staging of carcinoma of the cervix will be reviewed emphasizing the positive and negative value of this imaging technology.
Derivation of a tree-enumeration lemma

The letter presents an original proof of a tree-enumeration lemma which gives an explicit relationship between the generating function for planted trees and that for rooted trees.
Decreased use of cervical spine clearance in blunt trauma: The implication of the injury mechanism and distracting injury

BACKGROUND: Cervical spine injury (CSI) can be ruled out based on clinical examination and no X-ray is required if patient is awake, alert, and examinable. This is known as a clinical clearance (CC). Clinicians have decreased the use and reliance of CC and relied more upon X-ray, especially now that computerized tomography (CT) is fast and readily available. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors, in particular, the injury mechanism and the distracting injuries, which may be associated with CSI. The knowledge may help to improve the use of CC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all blunt trauma patients who were awake, alert, and examinable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 14-15, and who were admitted to our Level 1 Trauma Center during January 1 to December 31, 2005. We excluded patients who presented with gross neurological deficit or who died within 72 h. From the chart review, we collected the demographics; the injury severity score (ISS); the injury mechanism; the presence of distracting injuries (DI) which were defined as bony fractures (divided into upper body, lower body, or both); and the radiographs obtained. Patients who did not receive CC underwent a 3-view plain film X-ray, with or without CT scan. We then divided the group into those with CSI (Case) and those without (Control). We compared the two group variables and performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify clinical factors associated with CSI. Statistical significance was accepted with p-value Language: en
Transfer functions under no-analog conditions: Experiments with Indian Ocean planktonic Foraminifera

Abstract This paper documents and investigates an important source of inaccuracy when paleoecological equations calibrated on modern biological data are applied downcore: fossil assemblages for which there are no modern analogs. Algebraic experiments with five calibration techniques are used to evaluate the sensitivity of the methods with respect to no-analog conditions. The five techniques are: species regression; principal-components regression [e.g., Imbrie, J., and Kipp, N. G. (1971). In “The Late Cenozoic Ages,” 71–181]; distance-index regression [Hecht, A. D. (1973). Micropaleontology19, 68–77]; diversity-index regression (Williams, D. F., and Johnson, W. C. (1975). Quaternary Research5, 237–250]; weighted-average method [Jones, J. I. (1964). Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin]. The experiments indicate that the four regression techniques extrapolate under no-analog conditions, yielding erroneous estimates. The weighted-average technique, however, does not extrapolate under no-analog conditions and consequently is more accurate than the other techniques. Methods for recognizing no-analog conditions downcore are discussed, and ways to minimize inaccuracy are suggested. Using several equations based on different calibration techniques is recommended. Divergent estimates suggest that no-analog conditions occur and that estimates are unreliable. The value determined by the weighted-average technique, however, may well be the most accurate.
Collaborative Caching for Unknown Cache Sizes

A number of hardware systems have been built or proposed to provide an interface for software to influence cache management. The combined software-hardware solution is called collaborative caching. Our previous work showed that in theory collaborative caching with LRU and MRU may enable a program to manage cache optimally. In this work we first present a prioritized LRU model. For each memory access, a program specifies a priority, the target cache position for the accessed datum, for all cache sizes. We have proved that the prioritized LRU holds inclusion property. Alternatively, we describe a dynamic cache control scheme based on the associated priority. The limitation of knowing cache size in our LRU-MRU collaborative caching work is removed.
Using Board Puzzles to Teach Operations Research

Engineering design is a difficult task. Designers work at the boundaries between physical laws, societal or governmental regulations, the need for efficiency, and the desire to develop creative or aesthetic solutions. Teaching engineering design is therefore a difficult task. How is it possible to stimulate students to think of creative solutions while adhering to established principles and necessary rules? Certainly, it is important for students to have deep-seated roots in engineering fundamentals. These fundamentals include both a strong overall engineering core and coursework specific to the particular branch of engineering study undertaken by the student. For industrial engineers, the study of operations research is fundamental in preparing them for careers in engineering design. This paper addresses one way of encouraging creativity in teaching operations research in industrial engineering design curricula. Specifically, this paper provides examples of the use of games as pedagogical tools in teaching operations research. These games cannot be used as a substitute for teaching practical applications, but they are excellent supplementary tools that encourage students to tackle highly structured problems creatively while working on interesting and enjoyable tasks. Four examples are provided within the paper.
A Lifelong Learning Scale for Research and Evaluation of Teaching and Curricular Effectiveness

A 16-item lifelong learning scale (LLS), appropriate for college students and others, was evaluated using a sample of 575 college students. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability and was correlated with college grade point average (GPA), agreeableness, conscientiousness, and intellect/imagination. Scores were higher for those who had studied abroad. First-year and senior management majors differed whereas first-year and senior psychology majors did not. Women and seniors had higher scores, whereas the difference between senior men and women was almost negligible. Through its association with a broad array of measures associated positively with academic performance (e.g., college GPA), and negatively (e.g., sending text messages while in class), the scale showed excellent construct validity.
X-Ray Image Intensifier Video System For Diagnostic Radiology: Part 1, Design Characteristics

This paper describes considerations that are important for the successful application of x-ray image intensifier video systems to diagnostic radiology. Particular attention is given to spatial resolution amd maximum signal-to-noise ratio.
Building Personal Knowledge Management Systems for College and University Chemistry Librarians Using XML

This article first offers two models typical of the working lives of many of today's college and university chemistry librarians: one of the expertise required by those in their field; the other of how incoming flows of new information help them update that professional knowledge. It then proposes that eXtensible markup language (XML) be used to construct a simple, flexible, and low-cost personal knowledge database of chemical information resources to assist them. The database-building process is then outlined in broad strokes to give the reader an idea of how the process might unfold for them.
Elementary Science and Language Arts: Should We Blur the Boundaries?

Elementary school goals for instruction focus on developing literate readers and writers. It has been recommended that language arts strategies can help elementary teachers more effectively teach science. The terms “integrated, interdisciplinary, and thematic instruction” are defined and examples are given for using each in an elementary classroom. Definitions are provided comparing language arts and scientific literacy. Use of thematic instruction with an interdisciplinary focus is recommended to help meet both language arts and science goals and objectives as they relate to the National Science Education Standards and the National English Language Arts Standards. Recommendations are made for helping teachers effectively use language arts strategies to help develop science literacy, and science to provide purpose for reading and writing activities within thematic, interdisciplinary instruction often found in elementary schools.
Judgments of voice quality and preference: Acoustic interpretations

Summary Previous studies have shown that trained listeners are highly reliable in making perceptual judgments of several parameters of normal and pathologic voices. This study investigated objective measures of acoustic characteristics of high and low preference voices as determined by previous perceptual study. Four acoustic parameters were measured including harmonics-to-noise ratio, autocorrelation function, average jitter, and the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency. Useful correlations between perceptual and measured results were identified. Normal voices differ from pathologic voices in terms of the acoustic-perceptual relationships.
The Normal QRS Loop Observed Three Dimensionally Obtained with the Frank Precordial System

By means of a relatively orthogonal lead system combined with the use of an electronic resolver, 3-dimensional QRS loops of normal individuals have been seen broadside in 2 dimensions after proper rotation. QRS loops so visualized have been studied by certain quantitative measurements which it is hoped may be of assistance in distinguishing normal from abnormal loops.
Reaction of C60, C70, C76, C78, and C84 with ozone at 23.5°C

C60, C70, C76, C78, and C84 dissolved in toluene, were treated at 23.5°C with ozone. The concentrations of all five fullerenes decreased with increasing dose of ozone, but C60, C76, C78, and C84 transformed significantly faster than C70. Oxides of C60 and C70, but not of the other fullerenes, were observed in the ozonated solutions. We assume that all five fullerenes form molozonides, which swiftly lose molecular oxygen to form oxides. We assume further that the molozonide always forms at an interpentagonal bond. The π-bond orders calculated by Taylor for such bonds may explain the faster ozonation of C76, C78, and C84, but probably not of C60. We suggest that the “equatorial belt” of 15 hexagons of C70, with its relatively high π density may be the cause for the slower rate of ozonation of C70.
A Theorem in the Theory of Finite Elastic Deformations

In the theory of the finite deformation of bodies of elastic material, the elastic properties of the material may be defined by means of a strain-energy function. This is the energy stored elastically per unit volume of the material measured in its undeformed state and may be denoted by W.
Open and Closed Schema for Aligning Knowledge and Text Collections

When it comes to knowledge bases most people's first thought are structured sources such as Freebase/Wikidata and their relationship to similarly structured web sources such as Wikipedia. A lot of additional and interesting "knowledge" though is captured in unstructured databases constructed in a less supervised manner using open information extraction techniques. In this talk we'll discuss some of the differences between open/closed schema knowledge bases including the ideas of objective vs subjective content as well as freshness and trust. We'll give an overview on approaches to aligning such data sources in a way that their relative strengths can be combined and finish with applications of such alignments; particularly around open question and answer systems.
Vortex structure in rotating Rayleigh-Be´nard convection

Abstract We investigate the flow patterns in a cylindrical rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection cell with radius-to-height ratio Γ = 0.5. The Rayleigh number R is 2 × 108, the dimensionless rotation rate Ω varies from 9.6 × 103 to 4.8 × 104, and the convective Rossby number Ro is between 0.31 and 0.06. Measurements of the velocity field in the volume adjacent to the top of the cell are acquired with a scanning particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. We present quantitative results for velocity and vorticity of the cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices characterizing the convection, as well as for the dependence of the vortex size on the rotation rate and variation of vorticity with depth.
Effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose induced stress on Salmonella choleraesuis shedding and persistence in swine.

Abstract A glucose analog, 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2DG), previously shown in swine to induce many of the hallmark parameters of stress, was administered to Salmonella choleraesuis carrier-swine and the effects on Salmonella fecal shedding and tissue colonization were evaluated. Initially, pigs were divided into two groups, one that received 1×10 6 S. choleraesuis and one group that received saline. At 3 or 6 weeks post inoculation (PI), half of each group received an injection of 2DG and the other half received saline. Throughout the study, individual fecal samples were collected and quantitatively cultured for Salmonella , tonsil and nasal swabs were qualitatively cultured, clinical signs were monitored, temperatures were measured and whole blood collected. Pigs were necropsied 8–18 days after 2DG treatment. The experimental stress induced by 2DG was not sufficient to cause recrudescence of Salmonella fecal shedding even when tissues were culture positive for Salmonella . In addition, persistent shedding was not affected by 2DG administration. Although the complex set of parameters that constitute the stress phenomenon is still relatively unknown, it is now apparent that the stressful event(s) sufficient to trigger Salmonella recrudescence involves more than just increased blood glucose, increased cortisol, and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.
Validation of a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of Vibrio vulnificus for use in the evaluation of postharvest strategies for handling of raw oysters.

In this paper we describe a biological indicator which can be used to study the behavior of Vibrio vulnificus, an important molluscan shellfish-associated human pathogen. A V. vulnificus ATCC 27562 derivative that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) and kanamycin resistance was constructed using conjugation. Strain validation was performed by comparing the GFP-expressing strain (Vv-GFP) and the wild-type strain (Vv-WT) with respect to growth characteristics, heat tolerance (45°C), freeze-thaw tolerance (−20o and −80°C), acid tolerance (pH 5.0, 4.0, and 3.5), cold storage tolerance (5°C), cold adaptation (15°C), and response to starvation. Levels of recovery were evaluated using nonselective medium (tryptic soy agar containing 2% NaCl) with and without sodium pyruvate. The indicator strain was subsequently used to evaluate the survival of V. vulnificus in oysters exposed to organic acids (citric and acetic acids) and various cooling regimens. In most cases, Vv-GFP was comparable to Vv-WT with respect to growth and survival upon exposure to various biological stressors; when differences between the GFP-expressing and parent strains occurred, they usually disappeared when sodium pyruvate was added to media. When V. vulnificus was inoculated into shellstock oysters, the counts dropped 2 log10 after 11 to 12 days of refrigerated storage, regardless of the way in which the oysters were initially cooled. Steeper population declines after 12 days of refrigerated storage were observed for both iced and refrigerated products than for slowly cooled product and product held under conservative harvest conditions. By the end of the refrigeration storage study (22 days), the counts of Vv-GFP in iced and refrigerated oysters had reached the limit of detection (102 CFU/oyster), but slowly cooled oysters and oysters stored under conservative harvest conditions still contained approximately 103 and >104 CFU V. vulnificus/oyster by day 22, respectively. The Vv-GFP levels in the oyster meat remained stable for up to 24 h when the meat was exposed to acidic conditions at various pH values. Ease of detection and comparability to the wild-type parent make Vv-GFP a good candidate for use in studying the behavior of V. vulnificus upon exposure to sublethal stressors that might be encountered during postharvest handling of molluscan shellfish.
Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium , and Listeria monocytogenes to beef and inactivation using hydrodynamic pressure processing

The attachment strength of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium , and Listeria monocytogenes to beef surface was evaluated. The effect of bacterial attachment strength on inactivation by HDP treatment was studied. Bacterial attachment was defined as loosely attached (analyzed first by running diluent over the beef cubes) and strongly attached (analyzed again rinsed cubes by pummeling for 2 min in diluent) to the beef surface. Most attachment of these three pathogens occurred within 10 min. There was no significant difference in attachment strength of pathogens during the first 30 minutes exposure time. Strongly attached bacteria to beef surface were inactivated by HDP at a greater rate and the reduction was significant for all three bacteria (0.52, 0.37, and 0.43 log 10 CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium , and L. monocytogenes , respectively). No clear indications were obtained for sub-lethal damage of microorganisms surviving the HDP treatment. These findings disclose that HDP treatment is more lethal to pathogenic bacteria strongly attached to beef surface compared to those planktonic or loosely attached cells.
Chapter 10 Limited expression of myeloid antigens by neuroendocrine tumours of lung

Abstract Frozen sections of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and bronchial carcinoid (BC) and cytospins of the SCLC lines, NCI-H69, NCI-H128 and NCI-H146, were stained with antibodies of the myeloid-monocyte panel assembled by the Third International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens by a sensitive alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase technique. Two SCLC, one BC and two cell lines were screened with full panel of 145 antibodies. To assess the heterogeneity of expression of leucocyte antigens, antibodies of defined clusters, provisional groups and single unclustered antibodies which were immunoreactive on the initial screen were further tested against a total of 8 SCLC, 3 BC and 3 cell lines. SCLC expressed CD epitopes frequently, with 5 of 8 tumours reacting with one or more of the 14 CD15 antibodies in the panel. No other established CD cluster reacted consistently with SCLC but at least one antibody of provisional group (G) 10 reacted focally with a few of the SCLC tested. Each of the BC reacted with at least one of the CD15 antibodies but labeling reactions of BC differed from those of SCLC in that CD13 epitopes were found on all of the tumours tested. In addition, BC were labelled with broader range of provisional group antibodies including G10, G11, G12, G14 and G15. Many antibodies which could not be clustered at the Workshop labelled both SCLC and BC. These Studies suggest that X-hapten (CD15) is frequently expressed in neuroendocrine tumours of lung and that CD13 antigen and several provisional group antigens are more commonly expressed in BC than in SCLC. Other well defined myelomonocytic epitopes are rarely found on neuroendocrine lung tumour cells.
Solid Freeform Fabrication of Composites by Direct Deposition and by In Situ Mineralization

Freeform fabrication methods build materials by the repetitive addition of thin layers. This approach can be applied to build parts from epoxy resin which is modified with a gelling agent to solidify the material until curing occurs. High strength and stiffness parts can be obtained through fiber reinforcement but the fiber content is limited by packing effects. We have found that a combination of two types of fibers can be used to achieve higher strength and stiffness than can be obtained from a single fiber type. An alternative route to reinforcement is to form the reinforcing phase after the material is deposited by an in situ reaction. This approach has been applied to the use of freeform fabrication to make bars of mineralized gel and of methacrylate-silica hybrids. Good mechanical properties can be attained in each case, with up to 50 vol.% inorganic phase and bend strengths in the range from 50-100 MPa.
A further look at long cycles and criminal justice legislation

This article builds on the work of Barlow and Barlow, who use models based on the long economic cycle as a theoretical and empirical means for reorientating examinations of criminal justice trends. Empirically, using factor-analytic and multivariate logistic and OLS procedures, we find some support for long-cycle-model interpretations of trends in federal criminal justice legislation. Equally important, we find no support for a connection between federal criminal justice legislative trends and levels of crime. Our analysis suggests that economic processes exist independent of economic long cycles and crime trends, and that these also should be considered in discussing trends in crime control. In conclusion, we argue that alternative economically situated, contextualized models which look beyond the crimejustice nexus are needed if criminal justice theory and research are to be revitalized.
Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of cotton insect and mite pests in the United States

Abstract The state of the art for controlling four primary pests or pest complexes by augmentative releases of predators and parasitoids in the United States is reviewed. The pests are (1) the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (2)_the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), (3) the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (4) plant bugs, specifically Lygus spp. Rearing of the predators and parasitoids and identification and the use of behaviour-modifying chemicals are described and discussed.