cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remainders of normal spaces

Abstract Fleissner, W., J. Kulesza and R. Levy, Remainders of normal spaces, Topology and its Applications 49 (1993) 167-174. If X is totally compact, then X is the Stone-tech remainder of a normal space. A partial converse: if X is first countable and the Stone-tech remainder of a normal space, then X is locally compact. Every metric space, but not every first countable space, is the remainder of a normal space. For countable spaces, or even countable spaces which are locally compact except at one point, there are examples, but few theorems. We show that a construction of Porter and Woods applies to certain examples only if b = b. We investigate the property that all normal images are compact, and show that large products minus small subsets have this property. Keywords: Remainder, normal, locally compact, countable type, Stone-tech, Z-product, count- able spaces.
Imbalances in Bilingual Development: A Key to Understanding the Faculty of Language.

Investigators of first language attrition, early bilingualism and child second language learning have found common ground on a number of important points. The present review of the research will show that the study of unevenness in the early development of two languages reveals more clearly how the critical problems for future research on bilingualism should be framed. The convergence of the above mentioned fields of study will contribute greatly to this important reflection and re-assessment. In addition, clarity on the question of balanced and non-balanced bilingual development is important for understanding how the faculty of language guides acquisition in all circumstances.
Tectonic interpretations of the East Caroline and Lyra Basins from reflection-profiling investigations

Reflection profiles taken by the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics in 1970 and 1971 are the basis for a new bathymetric chart of the East Caroline and Lyra Basins. Bordered on the east and west by areas of high elevation, the Ontong Java Plateau and the Eauripik Ridge, respectively, the two basins are separated from each other by the Mussau Trough and Mussau Ridge and bounded by the Manus Trough on the south. An analysis of the reflection profiles shows that the rectilinear pattern evident throughout the region results from a set of northeast and northwest cross-trends that appear to be structurally controlled. Using the concept of an extinct sea-floor spreading center to explain the formation of most of the topographic features found in this region, these cross-trends become northeast traces of transform faults that intersect northwest-trending structural features originally developed along the axis of spreading. We interpret data obtained at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites 62 and 63 as evidence for a late Oligocene cessation of spreading. Subsequent motions of the Pacific and Indian plates resulted in strike-slip motion along the previously active transform faults, thus increasing offsets observed in the southern Eauripik Ridge and forming the grabens associated with the Kiilsgaard and other fracture zones.
Oxygen and sulfide dynamics in a horizontally migrating cyanobacterial mat: Black band disease of corals

Abstract Black band disease is caused by a horizontally migrating microbial consortium which overgrows and kills reef-building corals in many areas of the world. The cyanobacterium Phormidium corallyticum , the sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Beggiatoa sp., fungi, and sulfate-reducing bacteria dominate the consortium, which is generally several mm to 1 cm in width and ca. 1 mm in thickness. Microelectrode measurements revealed photosynthetically produced O 2 -supersaturation in upper layers during day, although conditions at the band-coral interface were consistently anoxic and, at night, sulfide-rich. Diel distributions of oxygen and sulfide resembled those from cyanobacterial mats in sulfur springs, intertidal mats and hypersaline lagoons.
Haploidentical Transplantation for Leukemia

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical family members offers a potential cure for patients in need of allogeneic immunotherapy who have no immediate access to an HLA-matched donor. The use of ex vivo T-cell-depleted stem cells combined with immuno-myeloablative conditioning has enabled durable donor engraftment with a low incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease despite the HLA disparity. Moreover, additional transplant techniques involving in vivo T-cell depletion and reduced-intensity conditioning have further minimized the risks. However, a major drawback is delayed immune reconstitution leading to infections and high relapse rates, prompting significant research efforts focused on improving recovery in the post-transplant period. Infusions with donor lymphocytes are common, though newer manipulations with a focus on donor natural killer cells hold great promise, as do other modified donor T-cell infusions. Success of these new procedures will make haploidentical transplants safer and more effective, further broadening its appeal.
Framework for adaptive interoperability of manufacturing enterprises (FAIME): a case study

In todays global economy, manufacturing industries require to connect disparate applications seamlessly. They require not only to exchange data and transactions, but present a single business process image to their employees in the office, headquarters, and on the plant floor. Also, it is imperative that small and medium size manufacturing companies deploy manufacturing execution systems applications in conjunction with modern enterprise resource programs for cycle time reduction and better quality. This paper presents the experiences and reflections on a project that created a tool set to assist the above be accomplished not only in a shorter cycle time, with a better predictable quality, and with an object oriented framework, but also a tool set that allows the manufacturer to still use legacy applications. This framework has the capability of plug-and- play so that future migrations and re-engineering of processes are more productive.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Precision Astrometry And The Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 4-m/Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Parallax Program

A parallax program using a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) at the prime focus of the KPNO 4-m telescope has been underway since July 1980. The goal of the program is the determination of the distances to a sample of intrinsically faint normal and degenerate main-sequence stars. Program stars were selected on the basis of their large proper motions, extremely red colors, and faint apparent magnitudes. The CCD appears to be an excellent astrometric detector. Preliminary analysis of several standard fields indicates that image centers accurate to better than 0.25 micron (5 milli-arcseconds) can be obtained from 120 second integrations.
Experimental study of ring-shaped steel plate shear walls

Abstract A new type of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) has been developed which resists out-of-plane buckling. The ring-shaped steel plate shear wall (RS-SPSW) includes a steel web plate that is cut with a pattern of holes leaving ring-shaped portions of steel connected by diagonal links. The ring shape resists out-of-plane buckling through the mechanics of how a circular ring deforms into an ellipse. It is shown that the ring’s compression diagonal will shorten a similar amount as the tension diagonal elongates, essentially eliminating the slack in the direction perpendicular to the tension field. Because of the unique features of the ring’s mode of distortion, the load-deformation response of the resulting RS-SPSW system can exhibit full hysteretic behavior and possess greatly improved stiffness relative to thin unstiffened SPSW. The concept has been validated through testing on seven approximately 1 m × 1 m RS-SPSW panels and compared to the experimental response of a solid plate panel. General conclusions about the influence of different geometric parameters on plate behavior are made including limits on geometry that produce desirable hysteretic response.
Farewell to the Phlogiston Theory of Conditionals

The search for a deep understanding of conditionals would go better if the taxonomy were got right first. It seems to most workers in the field that conditionals fall into two big species; and so they do. But the line between them has been drawn by everyone (including myself) in the wrong place. We have all been right in thinking that one species is typified by 'If Booth hadn't killed Lincoln, someone else would have', and the other by 'If Booth didn't kill Lincoln, someone else did'; but we have coclassified with the latter of these a kind of conditional that ought to be grouped with the former. This has led us away from important truths into quagmires and blind-alleys. It is as though anatomists were still looking for gills in whales, having classified them as fish because they live in the sea. In a way, that analogy flatters theorists of conditionals. It involves a misclassification that is based on something clear and definite (they live in the sea), whereas the wrong division through conditionals is based on virtually nothing. It hag consisted in an agreement about where the line falls, together with a hazy idea that that placing of it is supported by the conventional labels for the two species. But these labels are absurd, as I shall now show.1
Laquinimod, an up-and-coming immunomodulatory agent for treatment of multiple sclerosis

Laquinimod is a novel oral drug that is currently being evaluated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Although the mode of action of laquinimod remains to be fully elucidated, current knowledge indicates that laquinimod exerts beneficial activities both on the peripheral immune system and within the central nervous system (CNS). The immunomodulatory properties have been deciphered primarily from studies of laquinimod in the animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Data indicate that laquinimod has a primary effect on innate immunity. Laquinimod modulates the function of various myeloid antigen presenting cell populations, which then downregulate proinflammatory T cell responses. Further, data also indicate that laquinimod acts directly on resident cells within the CNS to reduce demyelination and axonal damage. Results from clinical trials that tested laquinimod in RRMS demonstrated that it reduced relapse rate and the mean cumulative number of active lesions, and had a more marked reduction in disability progression than relapse rate. Laquinimod treatment was associated with an excellent safety and tolerability profile. These data indicate that laquinimod will offer a valuable new treatment option for RRMS patients.
THE ANION-STIMULATED ATPASE ARSA SHOWS UNISITE AND MULTISITE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

ArsA, an anion-stimulated ATPase, consists of two nucleotide binding domains, A1 in the N terminus and A2 in the C terminus of the protein, connected by a linker. The A1 domain contains a high affinity ATP binding site, whereas the A2 domain has low affinity and it requires the allosteric ligand antimonite for binding ATP. ArsA is known to form a UV-activated adduct with [alpha-(32)P]ATP in the linker region. This study shows that on addition of antimonite, much more adduct is formed. Characterization of the nature of the adduct suggests that it is between ArsA and ADP, instead of ATP, indicating that the adduct formation reflects hydrolysis of ATP. The present study also demonstrates that the A1 domain is capable of carrying out unisite catalysis in the absence of antimonite. On addition of antimonite, multisite catalysis involving both A1 and A2 sites occurs, resulting in a 40-fold increase in ATPase activity. Studies with mutant proteins suggest that the A2 site may be second in the sequence of events, so that its role in catalysis is dependent on a functional A1 site. It is also proposed that ArsA goes through an ATP-bound and an ADP-bound conformation, and the linker region, where ADP binds under both unisite and multisite catalytic conditions, may play an important role in the energy transduction process.
The singular value decomposition: Its computation and some applications

We provide a tutorial introduction to certain numerical computations both in linear algebra and linear systems in the context of bounded arithmetic. The essential characteristics of bounded arithmetic are discussed in an introductory section followed by a review of the fundamental concepts of numerical stability and conditioning. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is then presented along with some related comments on the numerical determination of rank. A variety of applications of the SVD in linear algebra and linear systems is then outlined. A final section discusses some details of the implementation of the SVD on a digital computer. An Appendix is provided which contains a number of useful illustrative example.
Fast RLS-Like Algorithm for Generalized Eigendecomposition and its Applications

Generalized eigendecomposition (GED) plays a vital role in many signal-processing applications. In this paper, we will propose a new method for computing the generalized eigenvectors, which is on-line and resembles the RLS algorithm for Wiener filtering. We further present a proof to show convergence to the exact solution and simulations have shown that the algorithm is faster than most of the traditional methods. This algorithm belongs to the class of fixed-point algorithms and hence does not require any external step-size parameters like the gradient-based methods. Simulations are performed on synthetic data and compared with other algorithms found in literature. Finally we will demonstrate the application of GED in the design of a CDMA receiver for direct-sequence spread spectrum signals.
RNA Sequence Determinants for Aminoglycoside Binding to an A-site rRNA Model Oligonucleotide

Abstract The codon-anticodon interaction on the ribosome occurs in the A site of the 30 S subunit. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, which bind to ribosomal RNA in the A site, cause misreading of the genetic code and inhibit translocation. Biochemical studies and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the interaction between the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin and a small model oligonucle otide that mimics the A site of Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA. Upon chemical modification, the RNA oligonucleotide exhibits an accessibility pattern similar to that of 16 S rRNA in the 30 S subunit. In addition, the oligonucleotide binds specifically aminoglycoside antibiotics. The anti biotic binding site forms an asymmetric internal loop, caused by non-canonical base-pairs. Nucleotides that are important for binding of paromomycin were identified by performing quantitative footprinting on oligonucleotide sequence variants and include the C1407·G1494 base-pair, and A·U base-pair at positions 1410/1490, and nucleotides A1408, A1493 and U1495. The asymmetry of the internal loop, which requires the presence of a nucleotide in position 1492, is also crucial for antibiotic binding. Introduction into the oligonucleotide of base changes that are known to confer aminoglycoside resistance in 16 S rRNA result in weaker binding of paromomycin to the oligonucleotide. Oligonucleotides homologous to eukaryotic rRNA sequences show reduced binding of paromomycin, suggesting a physical origin for the species-specific action of aminoglycosides.
Social Comparison Choices of Mainstreamed Academically Handicapped Children

Eleven academically handicapped and 18 nonhandicapped members of a fourth-grade class participated in a six-week study designed to investigate the social comparison behavior of mainstreamed students. An auditing procedure was used that allowed students to audit their own performance and that of all classmates on daily arithmetic assignments. Auditing was done on a computer terminal which was installed in the classroom; the computer kept a daily record of auditing choices.Under the assumption that classmate auditing was an act of social comparison, computer records were analyzed to determine whether handicapped children made comparisons as often as nonhandicapped peers and whether or not they chose to compare with classmates similar to themselves. Results indicated that the handicapped students on the average audited classmates more often than nonhandicapped peers; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Close examination of auditing choices indicated that handicapped students did not p...
Stability and Change as Simultaneous Experiences in Organizational Life

Organizations and individual employees increasingly are pursuing change in how work is organized, how it is managed, and in who is carrying it out. At the same time, there are numerous individual, organizational, and societal forces promoting stability in work and employment relations. Here we discuss change and stability and the forces pushing individuals and organizations to pursue both. We argue that some level of tension between stability and change is an inevitable part of organizational life and that this tension must characterize research on work and organizations.
Bandwidth properties of rectangular T-septum waveguides

The transmission line modeling (TLM) method is applied to rectangular T-septum waveguides for the determination of the separation between the hybrid TE/sub 10/ and hybrid TE/sub 20/ modes. While previous analysis have predicted a wider bandwidth for this class of waveguiding structure than is available with conventional ridged waveguide, they have not been in agreement on the exact bandwidth properties. This discrepancy is resolved, and the apparent cause of error in previously published results is pointed out. The results obtained are in agreement with those presented by G.G. Mazumder and P.K. Saha (1985). >
Extractants for the removal of mixed contaminants from soils

The development of improved and effective remediation technologies for soils contaminated by heavy metals as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has emerged as a significant environmental priority. One technology that appears to have considerable promise is the ex-situ soil washing that involves the use of extracting agents such as surfactants, cosolvents, cyclodextrins, chelants, and weak acids. This study investigates the use of various single and sequential flushing schemes using different extracting agents (two surfactants, two cosolvents, two cyclodextrins, two chelants, and phosphoric acid and six organic acids) for the simultaneous removal of PAHs and metals from three different soils. Specifically, this study examines the effectiveness of different extractants on the removal of phenanthrene (representative PAH) and nickel, lead, and zinc (representative heavy metals) from the soils and evaluates the optimum composition of extractants in sequential flushing schemes. Soils used in this s...
Effects of MgO Stoichiometry on the Dielectric and Mechanical Response of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3

Careful control of the magnesia stoichiometry and hydration level overcomes the problem of pyrochlore formation in the synthesis of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). Careful removal of volatiles from MgO showed that excess MgO is not required to form pyrochlore-free PMN using the columbite method; this clarifies the previously reported need of excess MgO. The stoichiometric PMN shows a peak dielectric constant of ~15 000 for 1 kHz. In addition, the presence of volatiles in the MgO has been linked with a change in fracture mode. The relation between the MgO stoichiometry and the microstructural and dielectric properties is presented in an integrated study using X-ray diffraction at various temperatures, dielectric response, and microscopy.
The energy and action of small waves riding on large waves

Calcul de la dynamique des petites ondes a l'aide d'une formulation hamiltonienne canonique. Resultats similaires a ceux de Longuet-Higgins (1987)
Effects of small-scale environmental variation on metaphyton condition and community composition

Summary 1. Metaphyton mats typically originate as benthic algal biofilms that experience higher solar radiation and temperatures, and reduced access to nutrients, once they reach the water surface, but the impacts of these physicochemical changes on metaphyton condition and community composition have received little attention. 2. Using microprobes positioned at 0, 2, 4 and 6 cm depth, we recorded small-scale differences in water chemistry within metaphyton mats constrained in floating nets during an 8-week period. Concurrent weekly samples of filamentous algae and their diatom epiphytes were collected from the top, middle and bottom of the mats and were analysed for changes in ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a, nutrient (N, P, C, Si) content and taxonomic composition. 3. Light intensity, temperature and dissolved oxygen declined both with increasing depth in the mat and over the study period. The autotrophic index (=AFDM/chlorophyll-a) was greatest at the top of the mats and increased over time; samples also had higher C/P and C/N ratios than samples deeper within the mat. 4. Pithophora was consistently the dominant algal filament throughout the study (representing 85% of all filaments averaged over time and depth); epiphytic diatom cover on Pithophora (calculated as epiphyte area index) declined over time, particularly at the top of the mat. 5. Densities of the diatom epiphytes Gomphonema, Cocconeis and Fragilaria increased with increasing depth within the mat, whereas Cymbella/Encyonema was more common in surface samples. 6. Our results indicate that metaphyton mats are highly dynamic communities, spatially organised in part by small-scale environmental variation and subject to changes in taxonomic composition following their arrival at the water surface.
Singing It the Way She Hears It

This introduction situates this special issue on Music and Performance Studies, providing a framework for the analysis of music through the lens of performance studies and offering a preview of the articles in the collection.
Lurking on the Internet: A Small-Group Assignment That Puts a Human Face on Psychopathology

Lurking on the Internet aims to put a human face on psychopathology for the abnormal psychology course. Student groups are assigned major diagnostic categories and instructed to search the Internet for discussion forums, individual blogs, or YouTube videos where affected individuals discuss their symptoms and lives. After discussing the ethics of passively observing public sites, students monitor relevant sites throughout the term and evaluate what they are learning in class from the perspective of affected individuals. At the end of the term, students submit individual papers based on their observations. Periodically, individual groups are given opportunities to share their findings and, depending on the size of the class, to make formal presentations.
What you don’t know won’t hurt me: Costly (but quiet) exit in dictator games

We used simple economic games to examine pro-social behavior and the lengths that people will take to avoid engaging in it. Over two studies, we found that about one-third of participants were willing to ‘‘exit’’ a $10 dictator game and take $9 instead. The exit option left the receiver nothing, but also ensured that the receiver never knew that a dictator game was to be played. Because most social utility models are defined over monetary outcomes, they cannot explain choosing the ($9, $0) exit outcome over the dominating $10 dictator game, since the game includes outcomes of ($10, $0) and ($9, $1). We also studied exiting using a ‘‘private’’ dictator game. In the private game, the receiver never knew about the game or from where any money was received. Gifts in this game were added innocuously to a payment for a separate task. Almost no dictators exited from the private game, indicating that receivers beliefs are the key factor in the decision to exit. When, as in the private game, the receivers beliefs and expectations cannot be manipulated by exit, exit is seldom taken. We conclude that giving often reflects a desire not to violate others expectations rather than a concern for others welfare per se. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding ethical decisions and for testing and modeling social preferences. An adequate specification of social preferences should include ‘‘psychological’’ payoffs that directly incorporate beliefs about actions into the utility function. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Littoral Fish Assemblages of the Alien-dominated Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta, California, 1980-1983 and 2001-2003

We analyzed monthly boat electrofishing data to characterize the littoral fish assemblages of five regions of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (northern, southern, eastern, western, and central), California, during two sampling periods, 1980-1983 (1980s) and 2001-2003 (2000s), to provide information pertinent to the restoration of fish populations in this highly altered estuary. During the 1980s, almost 11,000 fish were captured, including 13 native species and 24 alien species. During the 2000s, just over 39,000 fish were captured, including 15 native species and 24 alien species. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of total fish, alien fish, and centrarchid fish were greater in the 2000s compared with the 1980s, largely because of increased centrarchid fish CPUE. These differences in CPUE were associated with the spread of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), particularly an alien aquatic macrophyte Egeria densa. Native fish CPUE declined from the 1980s to the 2000s, but there was no single factor that could explain the decline. Native fish were most abundant in the northern region during both sampling periods. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated similar patterns of fish assemblage composition during the two sampling periods, with the northern and western regions characterized by the presence of native species. The separation of the northern and western regions from the other regions was most distinct in the 2000s. Our results suggest that native fish restoration efforts will be most successful in the northern portion of the Delta. Management decisions on the Delta should include consideration of possible effects on SAV in littoral habitats and the associated fish assemblages and ecological processes.
Exploitation of spectral correlation in cyclostationary signals

The concept of coherence is reviewed and the three basic types of coherence-temporal, spectral, and spatial-are described. Common applications of temporal and spatial coherence are briefly discussed, and novel applications of spectral coherence are explained. The link between cyclostationary and spectral coherence is presented. The spectral decomposition of general coherence is briefly reviewed and its application to the characterization of spectral coherence is explained. A variety of signal processing problems where spectral coherence can be exploited are described, and several new spectral-coherence-exploiting algorithms are presented, including a cycle detector and a spectral-correlation-ratio algorithm. >
Synergistic effects of multi-level targeting of the MAPK and PI3-kinase pathways in breast cancer cells.

B128 The MAPK and PI3-kinase pathways play a central role in promoting cell proliferation and cell growth in cancer cells while inhibiting apoptosis. In breast cancer, these pathways are frequently constitutively activated through various mechanisms. The discovery and extensive evaluation of novel, highly active and specific compounds targeting the PI3-kinase makes it possible to assess the interplay of both pathways and to test the therapeutic utility of combined inhibition of multiple key-molecules within these pathways. We performed extensive time-course analyses of the response of breast cancer cells to inhibition of MEK using the specific small-molecule inhibitors U0126 and CI1040. We observed that these compounds induced G1 arrest in asynchronous cell cultures of breast cancer cells. This was accompanied by activation of PI3-kinase signaling as determined by reverse phase protein lysate array analysis. We therefore investigated the effect of combining MEK inhibitors with PIK90, a specific inhibitor of the p110-alpha subunit of PI3-kinase or PI103, a dual inhibitor of PI3-kinase and mTOR. Interestingly, this combined treatment did result in even more pronounced G1 cell cycle arrest, compared to inhibition of MEK alone. No induction of apoptosis was detectable. In contrast, treatment of breast cancer cells with PI103 or with a combination of PIK90 and rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of TOR) resulted in apoptosis induction. We conclude that inhibition of MEK induces a negative feedback loop that activates the PI3-kinase pathway and prevents apoptosis upon additional inhibition PI3-kinase signaling. In contrast, multi-level inhibition of the PI3-kinase pathway promotes induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Kangaroo Rat Population Response to Seismic Surveys for Hydrocarbon Reserves

Abstract Seismic surveys are a method used to locate commercially producible deposits of crude oil and natural gas. These surveys entail generating energy waves that reflect off of subterranean strata and return to the surface where they are recorded and interpreted. In the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, a region rich in hydrocarbon deposits, the two common methods of creating these energy waves include detonating buried explosive charges (“shot-hole” method) and generating strong ground-penetrating vibrations (“vibroseis” method). However, this region also supports many species of conservation concern, including several endemic species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.). We investigated the effects of a seismic survey on kangaroo rats, including two rare species, the giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens and the short-nosed kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus, to determine whether seismic survey activities reduced kangaroo rat abundance, survival, or condition. In 2011, we established ...
The Best of CES 2016: Transforming education with technology

CES 2016 was rife with opportunities to consider the future of e-learning. Many new products will make their way into households in the near future, and the e-learn practitioner can be on the cutting edge by starting to think about how to add practices for those inevitable changes in household electronics.
Optical packet and bit synchronization of a switching node using FBG optical correlators

We demonstrate high precision packet and bit synchronization of an optical switching node to an incoming packet stream. Our technique uses only four preamble bits and employs FBGs as continuous optical correlators to determine the start of a packet with 1/8th of a bit time precision. We use this optical technique to recognize the arrival of 2.5-Gb/s data packets and to route them to one of two outputs of an optical switch in a reconfigurable network. Penalty-free switching with a 1.6-ns guard time is achieved.
The Executed God: The Way of the Cross in Lockdown America

In this inaugural address, Professor Taylor begins with his beliefs regarding Christianity, and more specifically, Jesus Christ crucified, executed by first century Roman powers. He then continues with an examination of the American prison structure and its statistical and social impact upon American culture. Professor Taylor concludes his address by drawing a connection between Christianity and its role in countering the "terror" established by modern American penal paradigms.
Morphology of Heat Set Segmented Elastomers

Abstract The technique of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate the morphology of three heat set (200–400% strain at 110–125°C) segmented elastomer samples—two polyester-polyurethanes and one polyether-polyester. The degree of hard-segment ordering in the samples varied from amorphous to slightly crystalline to highly crystalline. The results showed that the hard-segment domains in the semicrystalline materials developed axial ratios of about 2:1 for the axes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of stretch, while the sample with amorphous hard-segment domains showed no similar distortion in hard-segment domain shape and no anisotropy in the thickness of the interface between hard- and soft-segment domains.
From status to contract revisited Value, temporality, circulation and subjectivity

Using Henry Sumner Maine's text Ancient Law as a starting point, this article theorizes the relation between value, circulation, subjectivity and temporality. Merging the interactional framework of...
Stereochemistry of the primary carbon—X: Stereochemical configurations of some optically active deuterium compounds

Abstract The iso bornyloxymagnesium halide reduction of the appropriate deutero-aldehyde yields benzyl-α- d alcohol and 1-butanol-1- d having the same configuration and about the same level of optical purity. Arguments are presented that these alcohols are close to optical purity. The relative configurations of each alcohol were established by converting each to 1-phenylbutane-1- d using reactions of known or presumed stereochemistry. The rotations and configurations of 18 optically active deuterium compounds are summarized.
The arterial microenvironment: the where and why of atherosclerosis

The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the large and medium sized arteries is classically driven by systemic factors, such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure. However, work over the past several decades has established that atherosclerotic plaque development involves a complex coordination of both systemic and local cues that ultimately determine where plaques form and how plaques progress. Although current therapeutics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease primarily target the systemic risk factors, a large array of studies suggest that the local microenvironment, including arterial mechanics, matrix remodelling and lipid deposition, plays a vital role in regulating the local susceptibility to plaque development through the regulation of vascular cell function. Additionally, these microenvironmental stimuli are capable of tuning other aspects of the microenvironment through collective adaptation. In this review, we will discuss the components of the arterial microenvironment, how these components cross-talk to shape the local microenvironment, and the effect of microenvironmental stimuli on vascular cell function during atherosclerotic plaque formation.
The Role of Transrectal Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostatic and Seminal Vesicle Cysts

Cysts in the region of the prostate and seminal vesicles are interesting because of their differential diagnosis and embryological relevance. We present our experience with 5 cases that include a mullerian duct cyst, diverticulum of the spermatic tract, seminal vesicle cyst and 2 prostatic cysts. Transrectal ultrasonography had a significant role in the diagnostic evaluation of these cysts. Ultrasonographically guided transperineal needle aspiration added significant diagnostic information and might have a therapeutic value. After a review of the literature, we propose an algorithm for the evaluation and management of prostatic and seminal vesicle cysts.
Secondary Craniomaxillofacial Deformities: Current Principles of Management

This article focuses on secondary reconstruction of naso-orbital frontal injuries. Pertinent clinical anatomy, physical examination/documentation, and radiographic imaging are examined first. Pretreatment planning, operative exposures, and case examples are discussed in the second part of the article.
Abstract P87: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Attenuates Post-resuscitation Myocardial Microcirculatory Dysfunction in a Swine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation

Background : In humans, there is a significant decrease in myocardial contractile function post arrest evidenced by decreased cardiac output and ejection fraction. This decreased function is also associated with impaired myocardial microcirculatory function in swine. In ischemic models, the endogenous incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has demonstrated benefits in myocardial infarct size reduction and improvement of left ventricular (LV) function, however treatment with this agent has not been evaluated following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that post resuscitation administration of GLP-1 would improve myocardial microcirculatory function. Methods : Domestic swine (n=20; 30–35 kg) were electrically fibrillated and left untreated for 8 minutes. Aggressive ACLS was performed to restore spontaneous circulation. Animals were then blindly randomized to post resuscitation infusions of either human rGLP-1 (American Peptide, 10 pM/kg/min) or equal volume saline for 4 hrs. LV hemodynamics, LV ejection fraction, cardiac output, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) [using a standard technique of intracoronary Doppler flow measurements before and after intracoronary administration of 60 mcg adenosine] were performed pre-arrest and at 1 and 4 Hr post resuscitation. In the present study, low CFR indicates abnormal myocardial microcirculatory function since these swine had no obstructive coronary artery disease. Results : Post resuscitation, CFR was significantly increased compared to placebo-treated animals (p Conclusion : In this swine model of prolonged VF followed by successful resuscitation, myocardial microcirculatory function was enhanced with administration of GLP-1.
Implications of stress re-distribution and rock failure with continued gas depletion in coalbed methane reservoirs

Abstract Significant increases in permeability of coal with continued production of coalbed methane (CBM) is a well-accepted phenomenon, particularly in the San Juan basin in the US and Surat basin in Australia. Modeling this increase is either based on the resulting increase in fracture porosity of coal or the associated changes in stresses as a result of the sorption-induced strain. This paper combines the experimental results of a study that measured sorption-induced coal matrix volumetric strain with depletion and a model proposed to estimate the associated changes in stress. The overall changes in stress, resulting from the combined effect of the poro-mechanical behavior and sorption-induced strain, were estimated by introducing a Biot-like coefficient. Plotting the stress path followed during depletion along with the failure envelope for the coal-type clearly showed that shear failure of coal is possible due to anisotropic loading resulting from a large reduction in the horizontal stresses. This would explain the large increases in permeability, typically observed in CBM operations. Finally, a permeability model was developed using the Biot-like coefficient, and assuming transversely isotropic behavior of coal. A comparison of the experimental and modeled permeability results showed that the model works well as long as coal does not fail. However, it demonstrates that a permeability model, incorporating failure of coal, is warranted for reliable prediction of permeability variation.
Conclusion: problems and prospects

THE PROBLEM OF THE PERSISTENCE OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM India is virtually unique among contemporary post-colonial countries in having functioned since Independence, with the exception of the Emergency, with a parliamentary system modeled on the British form of government. India's parliamentary system has evolved from one in which the Cabinet and the Prime Minister were dominant and the President was a figurehead – though potentially important — into a form of prime ministerial government, in which both the Parliament and the Cabinet play a secondary role. The specific role of each Prime Minister and the relationship between the Prime Minister and other central government institutions and forces has varied somewhat, but one can also see an evolution over the past forty-five years. Nehru's period was one of prime ministerial government in which the Cabinet played an important role as well and Parliament was a place where opinions were expressed but little real power was exercised. Under Shastri, the influence of the Cabinet declined and that of the Prime Minister's Secretariat increased, a trend which continued under Mrs. Gandhi. However, there was a further shift under Mrs. Gandhi's leadership away from reliance upon any of the formal channels of authority in the system to dependency upon a narrow clique of personal advisers accountable only to the Prime Minister herself. Rajiv Gandhi continued his mother's pattern so that, in effect, prime ministerial government moved a further step toward a form of personal authority in which succession was dynastic and rulership was conducted with the counsel of a virtual princely court, and in which both Cabinet and senior bureaucrats were reduced in importance. During the Janata period, an entirely different pattern, based on a form of coalition politics, developed in which the Prime Minister was only primus inter pares in a divided government, which ultimately fell in a Parliament that came to reflect the divisions within the Cabinet and for a brief period exercised indirectly its ultimate power of granting or withholding confidence in the government of the day. That pattern was repeated in the rise and fall of the National Front government of V. P. Singh.
Abstract 2875: Genes associated with neuronal development, including splicing regulatory factors, increase in expression across epithelial-mesenchymal transition

The program by which epithelial cells lose their polarity and close contacts with neighboring cells and acquire migratory and invasive properties is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Initially identified as a critical developmental process, EMT is now understood to occur during cancer, where it has been shown to confer resistance to senescence and apoptosis. Previous work indicates that cancer cells that escape the site of the primary tumor hijack at least a portion of the EMT program to increase their invasive properties and metastasize. Earlier work in the field has focused on cell signaling and transcriptional regulation changes that lead to EMT, but changes in the gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation of the cell have only recently become the focus of study. We characterized gene expression and splicing across EMT in the luminal epithelial MCF7ras SLUG+SOX9 breast cancer cell line by collecting samples at 2-day intervals across its 6-day transition and profiling the RNA by RNA-seq. We found over 4,000 significantly changing genes, and that the majority of gene expression and splicing changes occurred in the first two days of the transition, with few changes noted between days 4 and 6. Genes that changed could be broadly categorized into those whose expression decreased, increased, or peaked in the middle of the transition before decreasing. Intriguingly, genes whose expression increased during EMT were enriched for gene ontology terms related to cell signaling and neuronal development. We specifically observed increased expression of mRNAs encoding splicing factors and other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) associated with neuronal development, in contrast to the majority of RBPs whose expression decreases in EMT. We are currently exploring various aspects of this program, including effects of increased expression of the neuronal-associated splicing regulatory factor quaking (QKI). These may include downregulation of the Notch pathway via effects on splicing of NUMB, a Notch inhibitor. We are currently validating the role of QKI on this and other RNA processing changes and will report our findings. Citation Format: Yevgenia L. Khodor, Daisy Riquelme, Frank Gertler, Christopher B. Burge. Genes associated with neuronal development, including splicing regulatory factors, increase in expression across epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2875.
Financing Agricultural Cooperatives

It has been indicated before that agricultural cooperatives are fundamentally different from proprietary forms of business organization in at least two areas—general management and financial management. General management, as a distinct area, was covered in the previous chapter. Let us now turn to the other area in which they are distinct—that of financial management.
Escalated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that damages the joint tissues and often destroys the cartilage lining of the joint tissue irreversibly. This leads to loss of joint function making movement difficult and crippling the affected individuals. OA primarily affects elderly population and with increasing aging human population in the world it is going to affect a very large portion of the population in the near future. Unfortunately there is no current method of treatment of this disease except by suppressing the pain with pain-killer and occasional use of steroid to reduce excruciating pain. More radical treatment and often the only remaining option is surgery where affected joint tissue is removed and replaced with artificial prosthetics embedded into the bone, a procedure called arthroplasty. The surgical procedure is costly and sometimes associated with recurring post-operative problems. New approaches to control and cure OA could come from a better understanding of the cellular and subcellular events in the joint tissues of OA patients. Since cartilage depletion is a major pathological event in the progression of OA, much attention has been given to the cellular mechanisms responsible for the cartilage damage. This review will address this cellular process by focusing on enzymes which are activated in the cartilage tissue and cause its depletion.
Electronic Screen Games and First Seizure

The incidence of a first seizure triggered by electronic screen games in subjects without a history of epilepsy was determined by reviewing reports from 118 EEG departments in Great Britain during two 3-month periods, and analysing the data at the National Society for Epilepsy, Gerrards Cross Bucks, and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Institute of Neurology, National Hospital, London, UK.
Parasitic Gate Resistance and Switching Performance

In this paper we discusses in details the effect of the gate equivalent series resistance, ESR, of switching power MOSFETs on different aspects of loss mechanisms when used in DC-DC converters. The loss mechanisms addressed are current rise and fall times, die current distribution and localized shoot through
The thermal and cementation histories of a sandstone petroleum reservoir, Elk Hills, California Part 2: in situ oxygen and carbon isotopic results

Abstract Liquid hydrocarbon accumulations within the Elk Hills and North Coles Levee oil fields, southern San Joaquin basin, are largely isolated within calcite-cemented reservoirs comprised of late Miocene Stevens sandstone. We undertook ion microprobe carbon and oxygen isotope ratio measurements on calcite cements to assess both the source of the carbon and the temperature of cementation. By combining thermal history results from 40 Ar / 39 Ar analyses (reported in the companion study) with calculated cementation temperatures based on our oxygen isotope measurements, a model cementation history is derived which indicates that carbonate precipitation occurred primarily between 4 and 6.5 Ma. Conventional oxygen isotopic measurements yield a more restricted range of isotopic compositions reflecting the averaging properties of that method. The associated carbon isotopic measurements suggest that most of the early cements were derived from a marine carbonate source or a mixture of marine carbonate and lighter carbon from maturing hydrocarbons. Carbonates precipitated most recently (and thus at the highest temperatures) contain light carbon, interpreted to result from thermal decomposition of kerogen in the interbedded shales. Based on the light carbon values (