cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic diagnostics of autoinflammatory diseases

Autoinflammatorische Syndrome zeichnen sich haufig durch periodische Fieberattacken in Kombination mit erhohten Entzundungswerten aus. Dabei kommt es durch die Dysregulation unterschiedlicher zellularer Signalwege zu einer verstarkten Immunantwort, was multisystemische Entzundungsprozesse begunstigt. Aufgrund von uberlappenden Krankheitssymptomen, variabler Expressivitat und Pleiotropie ist eine rein klinische Diagnose von autoinflammatorischen Erkrankungen in vielen Fallen erschwert. Da eine fruhe und definitive Diagnose die Lebensqualitat vieler Patienten stark verbessern kann, sind molekulargenetische Methoden ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Befundungsprozesses geworden. Mit der Entwicklung der Next-Generation Sequenzierung (NGS) hat sich die genetische Diagnose von Patienten mit autoinflammatorischen Erkrankungen erheblich verbessert, und es wurden nicht nur erhebliche Fortschritte bei der genetischen Charakterisierung von nicht diagnostizierten Patienten erzielt, sondern auch zahlreiche neue krankheitsassoziierte Gene identifiziert. Allerdings erschwert die Fulle an molekulargenetischen Analysemethoden auch die Wahl der Methode mit der hochsten diagnostischen Spezifitat und Sensitivitat. Ebenso haben die NGS-Technologien zu einer starken Zunahme der identifizierten Genvarianten gefuhrt und somit die klinische Bewertung dieser Varianten auf ihre Kausalitat hin erheblich erschwert. Konsensgesteuerte und standardisierte molekulardiagnostische Richtlinien sowohl fur den Diagnoseprozess als auch fur die Interpretation der gewonnenen Ergebnisse sind daher unerlasslich geworden.
Childhood adversity and major depression in later life: A competing-risks regression analysis.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between childhood adversities and major depression in older adults over 8 years. METHODS The study sample consisted of 16 946 participants aged 51 years and older from the US Health and Retirement Study. Major depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Competing-risks regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of each childhood adversity on late-life major depression and the potential moderation effects of sex, race/ethnicity, and adulthood trauma. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, childhood adversities including physical abuse by a parent (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49-1.89, P < .001), trouble with the police (SHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.13-1.54, P = .001), receiving help because of financial difficulties (SHR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05-1.31, P = .006), and parental substance abuse (SHR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01-1.23, P = .037) were associated with a higher rate of major depression in later life. The association of physical abuse and major depression was stronger for men than women (SHR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.15-1.85, P = .002), despite an overall lower risk of major depression among men. Potential adulthood trauma had a weaker association with late-life major depression in the presence of childhood physical abuse (SHR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85-0.98, P = .015). There was a significant dose-response relationship (SHR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16-1.24, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities increase the risk of major depression in later life, particularly for those who experienced physical abuse and trouble with the police. Men may be more susceptible to the mental health detriments of childhood adversities.
Access Barrier in Rural Older Adults' Use of Pain Management and Palliative Care Services: A Systematic Review.

Background:Pain and symptom management is critical in ensuring quality of life for chronically ill older adults. However, while pain management and palliative care have steadily expanded in recent ...
A heterogeneous telescope array optimized for low surface-brightness imaging

Advances in refracting optics and consumer-grade digital cameras have come together in an unconventional approach to telescope design, disrupting the field of low surface brightness astronomy. A new telescope design, first demonstrated on the Dragonfly array, employs arrays of telephoto lenses, enabling optical surveys reaching depths of 31 mag/arcsec2. The ultimate limits of this new approach are yet to be established. The Los Alamos Low Surface Brightness Array (LA-LSBA) is a new sixteen element telephoto array for ultra-low surface brightness astronomy. This array introduces a heterogeneous design, where the use of multiple pixel sizes allows for deep surveys that are less prone to source confusion. First light with this new instrument was achieved in the Winter of 2019, and science observations are underway.
Medication Errors in Adolescents Using Asthma Controller Medications.

The purpose of this study was to describe the number and types of errors that adolescents and caregivers report making when using asthma controller medications. A total of 319 adolescents ages 11 t...
The Collective Wisdom of Behavioral Game Theory

We apply an algorithm from the wisdom-of-crowds literature to optimally combine behavioral game theory models to more accurately predict strategic choice in one-shot, simultaneous-move games. We find that the optimal weighted average of seven behavioral game theory models predicts out-of-sample choice behavior significantly better than any of the individual models. The crowd of behavioral game theory models is wiser than any single one of them. Different strategic choice models complement each other by capturing distinct patterns of behavior. The field of behavioral game theory is enriched by having this diversity of models.
Scope of Resampling Methods for Dependent Data

The bootstrap is a computer-intensive method that provides answers to a large class of statistical inference problems without stringent structural assumptions on the underlying random process generating the data. Since its introduction by Efron (1979), the bootstrap has found its application to a number of statistical problems, including many standard ones, where it has outperformed the existing methodology as well as to many complex problems where conventional approaches failed to provide satisfactory answers. However, it is not a panacea for every problem of statistical inference, nor does it apply equally effectively to every type of random process in its simplest form. In this monograph, we shall consider certain classes of dependent processes and point out situations where different types of bootstrap methods can be applied effectively, and also look at situations where these methods run into problems and point out possible remedies, if there is one known.
SU-E-T-201: Comparison Between Two Immobilization Systems for Cranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using The ExacTrac Image-Guidance System

Purpose: The ExacTrac Image-Guidance system enables frameless stereotactic radiosurgeries with real-time image guidance that allows repositioning on a sub-millimetric scale. In order for such treatments to be effective, the patient’s head has to be immobilized using a custom mask created to conform to the patient’s anatomy. There are two cranial immobilization systems used in our institution: masks manufactured by Brainlab and Civco. For both systems, it is not evident what the achievable level of intrafraction immobilization is for each system in our patient population. The ExacTrac system makes it possible to quantitatively assess the immobilization the two mask systems offer. Methods: The ExacTrac imaging system was used to assess intrafraction geometric displacement in the three Cartesian directions for each of these masks multiple times during Stereotactic Radiosurgery, SRS or hypofractionated treatment. Intrafraction motions were considered uncorrelated random movements away from isocenter. The displacement from isocenter, excluding initial correction, was calculated in over 100 instances for each mask system. The distances from isocenter were compared with histograms, average, median, and by percentile. Results: It was found that the Brainlab mask had mean distance from isocenter of 0.5 mm (SD 0.45 mm, median 0.37 mm) compared to 1.0 mm (SD 1.25, median 0.61 mm) for Civco. The distributions were compared with a Mann-Whitney U test and were found to be significantly different (P 3 mm and 0.6 mm and <1.5 mm, for the Civco and Brainlab systems respectively. As a rule of thumb, the averages, medians, and percentiles for the Civco system were approximately twice that of the Brainlab system. Conclusion: Given the results, the Brainlab mask system should be used to minimize risk of geometric error in delivery of SRS or high dose gradient techniques.
PRA for vulnerability assessment of power system infrastructure security

Since September 11, 2001 the security of major national infrastructures has become a critical concern to government and industry. This paper reviews different types of threats (physical and cyber) and sources of these threats in electric power systems, describes the projects undertaken by the government and industry to address the security issues of the power system infrastructure, and presents a vulnerability assessment methodology for power networks. Finally, this paper considers probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods and the challenges to PRA, and proposes the use of PRA in electric power system vulnerability assessment.
Device options for high-voltage SiC power switching devices

Silicon carbide power switching devices have made remarkable progress in the past decade. As blocking voltage increases, the resistance of power switches becomes dominated by the drift region, and the advantage of SiC over silicon increases. This is illustrated by the degree to which SiC unipolar devices are approaching their theoretical limits at blocking voltages around 10 kV. Efforts are currently underway to develop power switching devices for the 15-25 kV regime
Uncovering Embedded Face Threat Mitigation in Landscape Architecture Critique Feedback

Receiving public feedback on academic work may threaten students' face, particularly when such feedback is critical. One way that feedback may be cushioned is through face-threat mitigation techniques. I analyzed the use of such techniques in the feedback given by faculty and professionals to landscape architecture students as preparation for integrating communication instruction into these courses. This analysis revealed that informal language was the most prevalent technique employed by both faculty and professionals. Findings also indicated that faculty offered more direct advice to students than professionals, potentially fulfilling students' desires for relevant feedback. The marked differences between faculty and professionals patterns point to different interpretations of and goals in providing feedback. The analysis concludes with a discussion of this study's implications for future research on feedback.
Using research and education to implement practical bed bug control programs in multifamily housing

Multifamily housing facilities serving low-income populations have been at the forefront of bed bug outbreaks. Research conducted in the past 8 years has consistently proven that integrated pest management (IPM) is the best approach for successful suppression of bed bug infestations. Bed bug IPM in multifamily settings is especially dependent upon a collaborative community or building-wide effort involving residents, building staff and pest control technicians. Other components of a bed bug IPM program include regular monitoring to detect early-stage bed bug infestations and combined use of non-chemical and chemical interventions. Lastly, to reduce reinfestation rates and costs associated with bed bug control, it is critical to continue periodic monitoring and implement preventive control measures even after successful elimination of bed bugs has been achieved.
Friction, wear and microstructure of unlubricated austenitic stainless steels☆

Abstract The friction and wear characteristics of types 304, 316 and Nitronic 60 stainless steel sliding against 440C have been compared. The studies involved a wide range of experimental techniques to characterize the wear specimens and the debris particles including optical metallography, microhardness tests, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis and transmission electron diffraction. These complementary techniques reveal that strain-induced ϵ and α' martensite phases are formed during sliding. The friction, wear and galling characteristics of these alloys depend on the stability of the austenite phase, the hardness of the α' phase and the hardness gradient.
the Maya midwife as sacred specialist: a Guatemalan case

The shamans of San Pedro are rapidly declining in numbers and influence, while the number of midwives increases to meet the demands of an expanding population. In the Zutuhil dialect of San Pedro, the word for midwife is iyom, but the role so designated embraces a wider range of attributes than is currently conveyed by the English term midwife or either of its Spanish equivalents (partera, comadrona). To be pregnant is to be yawa2, the Zutuhil term for ill. Both pregnancy and birth are regarded as hazardous for mother and child. The iyom is at once an obstetrical and a religious specialist. She provides prenatal care, including periodic massage, attends delivery, and takes charge of mother and infant during the week of bedrest following birth. Like the shaman, her calling is divine, she mediates between the mundane and the supernatural world, and she performs rituals to safeguard the lives of her patients. This paper describes the prognostic and ritual performance of the San Pedro midwife, the means by which her sacred mandate is communicated, the professional nature of her role, and the complex of sociocultural features that help explain the position of high esteem which she holds.1
Enhancing galactic simulations: Black holes and molecules

Abstract We review the modeling of AGN and molecular gas in galaxy simulations. We discuss estimates for the accretion rate of black holes, and present a model that may couple more strongly to the properties of the gas flow. We also present a sub-grid model for the formation of molecular gas for galaxy simulations. We present results of test calculations and discuss their application to galaxy collision simulations, where both ingredients are crucial for an understanding of the merger process.
Fringe modulation characterization for a phase-shifting imaging ellipsometer

An imaging ellipsometer has been developed which employs phase shifting interferometry to characterize the ellipsometric parameters. A modified Michelson interferometer is used in conjunction with a Wollaston prism to generate two interferograms with orthogonal polarization states. Subtraction of the phases in the two interferograms yields the ellipsometric parameter (Delta) . The fringe modulation of the two interferograms is used to calculate the ellipsometric parameter (Psi) . The characterization of the average intensity of the interferogram is the largest contributor to the errors in the modulation. New algorithms for reducing the errors in modulation calculations for phase shifting interferometry are presented. The deign of the instrument, results of measurements and algorithms for modulation characterization will be presented.
A Roadmap to Diffuse Ergonomic Innovations in the Construction Industry: There Is Nothing So Practical as a Good Theory

Despite the availability of resources and practices that would reduce work-related morbidity and mortality in the construction industry, their diffusion to workers has been slow, partly because the ties between management and trade workers are weak. In promoting an innovation, it is necessary to target the stakeholders who will be making the decisions related to it. The authors' focus is on ergonomics, but their observations may be applied more broadly to other areas of intervention-effectiveness research.
Predictions for the Decays of Radially-Excited Baryons

We consider the strong decays of the lowest-lying radially excited baryons, in SU(6) language the states comprising the first excited 56-plet. Assuming a single-quark decay approximation, and negligible configuration mixing, we make model-independent predictions for the partial decay widths to final states with a single meson. Masses of unobserved states are predicted using results from large-N_c QCD, and the momentum dependence of the one-body decay amplitude is determined phenomenologically by fitting to observed decays, so that the baryon spatial wave functions are not assumed. We point out that comparison of these predictions to experiment may shed light on whether the Roper resonance can be consistently interpreted as a three-quark state.
BIOMASS BURNING SIGNATURES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND SNOW AT SUMMIT, GREENLAND: AN EVENT ON 5 AUGUST 1994

Two recent reports have suggested that thin layers of ice in Greenland cores with anomalously high concentrations of NH4+ K+ and HCOO− represent deposition from biomass burning plumes advected over Greenland. These interpretations were based primarily on the similarity between the suite of enriched species in the ice and several recent characterizations of biomass burning plumes from various regions around the globe. In August 1994 a biomass burning plume was transported to Summit, Greenland (72°N 38°W) from the Hudson Bay lowlands region of Canada. Gas-phase, aerosol and snow samples impacted by this plume had large enhancements of HCOOHHCOO−, CH3COOHCH3COO−, NH3NH4+ and K+. Several other species that have been reported to be enriched in some biomass burning plumes were also enriched in at least one of the three phases (gas, aerosol and snow) at Summit. Comparisons between the plume at Summit and biomass burning plumes sampled in 1990 over the Hudson Bay lowlands suggest that the carboxylic acids may be significantly enhanced by secondary production during the 3–4 days of transport between Canada and Greenland. It also appears that gas to particle conversion during transport may modify the partitioning of the carboxylates, nitrate, and perhaps ammonium and inorganic sulfur between the gas and aerosol phases in the plume. The relative enrichments of these species differ considerably between the atmosphere and snow, but the signal in snow was quite similar to the composition of the anomalous samples previously described in the ice cores.
On the Normal Form with Respect to the Semiscalar Equivalence of Polynomial Matrices Over the Field

For a matrix pencil A 0 x − A 1 , where A 0 and A 1 are (n × n) -matrices over an arbitrary field F , and A0 is a nonsingular matrix, we establish the normal form with respect to semiscalar equivalence. We also describe the structure of nonsingular polynomial matrices over the field F , which can be reduced to the established form by the transformations of semiscalar equivalence.
Acute myelogenous leukemia: implications of acute blast crisis and cardiopulmonary bypass.

CUTE MYELOCYTIC leukemia (AML) is a disorder characterized by the expansion of an abnormal white blood cell line. This clonal expansion of cells may infiltrate the bone marrow and other organs, suppressing normal hematopoiesis and inducing dysfunction of the invaded organs. Clinical manifestations of this disease, therefore, result from lack of normal blood cells (primarily due to decreased production) and induced organ dysfunction (secondary to cellular infiltration and/or local hemorrhage). Although the exact incidence of coagulation abnormalities is not known, thrombohemorrhagic complications are certainly common in patients with AML (20% incidence of fatal hemorrhage), especially compared to chronic leukemias; blast crisis accentuates this potential. Although isolated case reports of thrombosis of venous and mammary artery grafts have been reported in patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with concurrent stable chronic leukemia, nothing has been reported regarding potential thrombohemorrhagic events during acute blast crisis. Hence, a case is presented in which urgent CABG was performed in a patient with AML complicated by a recently diagnosed blast crisis.
Peptides designed from molecular modeling studies of the ras-p21 protein induce phenotypic reversion of a pancreatic carcinoma cell line but have no effect on normal pancreatic acinar cell growth.

Purpose From molecular modeling studies we found that two ras-p21 peptides, corresponding to p21 residues 35–47 (PNC-7) and 96–110 (PNC-2), selectively block oncogenic (Val 12-p21), but not insulin-activated wild-type, p21-induced oocyte maturation. Our purpose was to determine if these peptides block the growth of mammalian cancer cells but not their normal counterpart cells.
Adaptive Multi-Sensor Interface System-On-Chip

This paper presents a system-on-chip using 0.18 mum CMOS technology that integrates an 8 channel reconfigurable sensor interface with an 8-bit Sigma-Delta A/D converter and a 16-bit sensor signal processor. The configurable sensor interface employs Wheatstone bridge and switched-capacitor topologies to efficiently perform signal conditioning for a wide range of resistive and capacitive sensors. The customized processor executes software for sensor interface configuration and calibration, data conversion control, sensor data calibration and compensation, and communication with external systems. On the 4 times 4 mm chip with a 1.8 V supply, the sensor readout circuit requires only 300 muA and the processor power consumption is 209 muW/MHz. The adaptive multi-sensor interface provides a platform solution with the flexibility crucial for implementing low-cost microsystems of the future.
Capacity versus interference in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems with beacon

We consider an OFDM-based cognitive radio network where a secondary user chooses parallel sub-channels from different primary users' bands to form its transmission link. It transmits one OFDM subcarrier per each sub-channel. Before starting its transmission, a primary user sends a beacon to inform the secondary user. If the secondary user receives this message, it does not use any sub-channel from that primary user band for its transmission in order to limit the interference to the primary receiver. However, it is possible that the secondary user misses the beacon of a primary user because of the channel fading and hence, considers the sub-channels of that primary user for its transmission. We are interested in the total interference caused by the secondary user to primary users' receivers and the total capacity of the secondary user. In particular, we provide the average of total interference as well as an analytical lower bound on the mean of the capacity. The trade-off between the capacity and the interference is useful in the design of an OFDM-based cognitive network with beacon.
School health services after Cedar Rapids Independent School District v. Garret F.

In 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “school health services” include nursing services that are required for students needing one-on-one (“private-duty”) nursing care to attend school. This ruling settled opposing federal court interpretations of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, clarifying the rights of students with complex medical needs and the responsibility of school districts to provide them with an appropriate educational program. In responding to the challenges and opportunities raised by this decision, school nurses must understand the implications for school nursing practice and for school districts, educate their school leaders and communities, and provide leadership for creative and collaborative problem solving.
SdiA, an N-acylhomoserine lactone receptor, becomes active during the transit of Salmonella enterica through the gastrointestinal tract of turtles.

Background LuxR-type transcription factors are typically used by bacteria to determine the population density of their own species by detecting N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). However, while Escherichia and Salmonella encode a LuxR-type AHL receptor, SdiA, they cannot synthesize AHLs. In vitro, it is known that SdiA can detect AHLs produced by other bacterial species. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report, we tested the hypothesis that SdiA detects the AHL-production of other bacterial species within the animal host. SdiA did not detect AHLs during the transit of Salmonella through the gastrointestinal tract of a guinea pig, a rabbit, a cow, 5 mice, 6 pigs, or 12 chickens. However, SdiA was activated during the transit of Salmonella through turtles. All turtles examined were colonized by the AHL-producing species Aeromonas hydrophila. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the normal gastrointestinal microbiota of most animal species do not produce AHLs of the correct type, in an appropriate location, or in sufficient quantities to activate SdiA. However, the results obtained with turtles represent the first demonstration of SdiA activity in animals.
Bronchial circulation in the marsupial opossum, Didelphis marsupialis

Abstract This study characterizes the existence of a bronchial circulation in a marsupial, an animal which does not undergo placental development and does not have a ductus arteriosus. Direct perfusion of the lung by the pulmonary vasculature during the fetal development of opossums may occur, potentially eliminating the need for a bronchial circulation. We used radio- and fluorescent-labeled microspheres in conjunction with postmortem intravascular casting to determine if opossums have a systemic (bronchial) blood supply to the lung (n = 9). Gross postmortem examination of the intravascular casts showed a well-developed common bronchial artery. The histological distribution pattern of fluorescent microspheres was primarily to the airways. A few fluorescent microspheres were observed in the alveolar capillaries, indicating that a precapillary bronchial-to-pulmonary anastomosis exists in the opossum. Using the reference flow technique, total bronchial blood flow to the left lung averaged 0.95 ± 0.58 SE ml/min. The presence of a bronchial circulation in the opossum suggests that it is more than a vestigial structure from embryonic development, potentially supporting its functional importance for carrying nutrients to the airway.
Precise, scalable shadow mask patterning of vacuum-deposited organic light emitting devices

We demonstrate a scheme to pattern vacuum-deposited, small molecular weight organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Both the organic thin films and the metallic electrodes are patterned by shifting the position of a single shadow mask which accompanies the substrate throughout the deposition process. A full color, stacked OLED (SOLED) has been fabricated using this technique. The substrate movement relative to the mask was manually controlled to a root mean square accuracy of ±8 μm using a mask translating fixture. The performance of the patterned SOLED is comparable with that of devices fabricated by conventional, low tolerance methods. The limits to the display fill factor and resolution using this technique are discussed. The technique is generally applicable to all structures requiring precise patterning of vacuum-deposited thin films.
Parkinson's disease and history of outdoor occupation.

Abstract Background Human and animal studies, albeit not fully consistent, suggest that vitamin D may reduce risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ultraviolet radiation converts vitamin D precursor to the active form. This study examined the hypothesis that working outdoors is associated with a decreased risk of PD. Methods PD cases were enrolled from Group Health Cooperative, a health maintenance organization in the Puget Sound region in western Washington State, and the University of Washington Neurology Clinic in Seattle. Participants included 447 non-Hispanic Caucasian newly diagnosed PD cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2008 and 578 unrelated neurologically normal controls enrolled in Group Health Cooperative, frequency matched by race/ethnicity, age and gender. Subjects' amount of outdoor work was estimated from self-reported occupational histories. Jobs were categorized by degree of time spent working outdoors. A ten-year lag interval was included to account for disease latency. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression, with adjustment for age, gender, and smoking. Results Outdoor work was inversely associated with risk of PD (outdoor only compared to indoor only): OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.44–1.25. However, there was no trend in relation to portion of the workday spent laboring outdoors and PD risk. Conclusion Occupational sunlight exposure and other correlates of outdoor work is not likely to have a substantial role in the etiology of PD.
P2Y2 receptor-stimulated release of prostaglandin E2 by rat inner medullary collecting duct preparations.

Extracellular nucleotides, acting through the P2Y2 receptor and the associated phosphoinositide-Ca2+ signaling pathway, inhibit AVP-stimulated osmotic water permeability in rat inner medullary coll...
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of zeolites

Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios for natural samples of the zeolites analcime, chabazite, clinoptilolite, laumontite, mordenite, and natrolite have been obtained. The zeolite samples were classified into sedimentary, hydrothermal, and igneous groups. The ratios for each species of zeolite are reported. The results are used to discuss the origin of channel water, the role of zeolites in water-rock interaction, and the possibility that a calibrated zeolite could be used as a low-temperature geothermometer.
Inhibition of triphosphopyridine nucleotide specific dehydrogenases in adrenal by thyroid-hormone nalogues

Abstract The high-speed supernatant fractions of homogenates of cow adrenal-cortex tissue were found to be very active in regard to TPN-specific dehydrogenase enzymes, especially Glc-6- P and isocitrate dehydrogenases. The TPN-specific dehydrogenases were inhibited in vitro by thyronine hormone compounds. Glc-6- P dehydrogenase was the most active of the dehydrogenases supplying TPNH for the synthesis of steroid hormones. The enzyme was purified and a kinetic study of the interaction of thyronine inhibitors, TPN and Glc-6- P , with the enzyme was undertaken. The inhibitor compounds were competitive with respect to TPN binding and non-competitive with respect to Glc-6- P binding to the enzyme. This inhibition by thyroid hormones of the production of TPNH required for the synthesis of steroid hormones may be of physiological importance. It is a possible regulatory mechanism in the dynamic balance between the trophic-hormone secretions from the pituitary and the endocrine tissues that produce steroid hormones.
The Pantothenic Acid, Niacin, and Biotin Content of Commercial and Experimental Milks

Summary The pantothenic acid content of commercial market and Guernsey milks for the year 1942–43 averaged 3.4 and 3.2 μg. per ml., respectively. Analyses of 29 samples of commercial milk the preceding year averaged 4.2 μg. per ml. The niacin content of commercial mil averaged 0.80 μg. per ml. Seasonal and feeding changes did not affect the amount of these two vitamins. Milks analyzed for biotin were found to contain from 17 to 62 mμg. biotin per ml. The average values for market and Guernsey milks were 29 and 27 mμg. per ml., respectively. The biotin content of milk showed seasonal variations which were the result of feeding changes. The type of roughage fed influenced the biotin content of milk.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhizobium sp. Strain PDO1-076, a Bacterium Isolated from Populus deltoides

Rhizobium sp. strain PDO1-076 is a plant-associated bacterium isolated from Populus deltoides, and its draft genome sequence is reported.
Variable delayed auditory feedback (DAF).

Program delay provides variable time delay between a?,~log-to-digital converter (ADC) input and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) output using a PD.P 8/L computer with 4K memory. The program is written for perceptual experiments that involve delayed auditory feedback. In essence, the program sets up a temporary storage buffer of variable size, depending upon the desired delay time, reads in data through an ADC, and starts outputting data through a DAC when the buffer is filled. Since the memory size available for the bUffe~ is .limited to about 3,900 computer words, some tradmg IS necessary to accomplish fairly long delay betwee?, sampling rate and delay time. For example, delay time less than 150 msec can be accomplished with approximately 25 kHz sampling rate, while delay time of 500 msec necessitates sampling rate to be reduced to 7.62 kHz. The program uses nominal 12.5 kHz sampling rate, with the range of delay from 0 to 300 msec. Other ranges are available simply by changing content of one location. Through the use of interrupt facility, the program also allows change of delay time during execution as long as the desired delay time is within the given range. This DAF system has advantages over conventional delayed auditory feedback devices (Fa~rb3:~ks, 1955; Fairbanks & Guttman, 1958) in its avall~blhty of .much smaller delay time and practically contmuous variable delay time.
A strictly-concave, non-spliced, Giffen-compatible utility function

We propose a new bivariate utility function for the analysis of Giffen behavior. The function is strictly concave and twice continuously differentiable, with marginal utilities that are strictly positive. The function is defined by a single equation, rather than by two or more “spliced” functional forms. We contend that, in the search for Giffen-compatible utility functions, it is helpful to consider explicitly the elasticities of the consumer’s marginal rate of substitution with respect to the quantities of the two goods.
DNA Polymerase: Structural Homology, Conformational Dynamics, and the Effects of Carcinogenic DNA Adducts

DNA replication is vital for an organism to proliferate and lying at the heart of this process is the enzyme DNA polymerase. Most DNA polymerases have a similar three dimensional fold, akin to a human right hand, despite differences in sequence homology. This structural homology would predict a relatively unvarying mechanism for DNA synthesis yet various polymerases exhibit markedly different properties on similar substrates, indicative of each type of polymerase being prescribed to a specific role in DNA replication. Several key conformational steps, discrete states, and structural moieties have been identified that contribute to the array of properties the polymerases exhibit. The ability of carcinogenic adducts to interfere with conformational processes by directly interacting with the protein explicates the mutagenic consequences these adducts impose. Recent studies have identified novel states that have been hypothesised to test the fit of the nascent base pair, and have also shown the enzyme to possess a lively quality by continually sampling various conformations. This review focuses on the homologous structural changes that take place in various DNA polymerases, both replicative and those involved in adduct bypass, the role these changes play in selection of a correct substrate, and how the presence of bulky carcinogenic adducts affects these changes.
Comparing denominator degrees of freedom approximations for the generalized linear mixed model in analyzing binary outcome in small sample cluster-randomized trials

Small number of clusters and large variation of cluster sizes commonly exist in cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) and are often the critical factors affecting the validity and efficiency of statistical analyses. F tests are commonly used in the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to test intervention effects in CRTs. The most challenging issue for the approximate Wald F test is the estimation of the denominator degrees of freedom (DDF). Some DDF approximation methods have been proposed, but their small sample performances in analysing binary outcomes in CRTs with few heterogeneous clusters are not well studied. The small sample performances of five DDF approximations for the F test are compared and contrasted under CRT frameworks with simulations. Specifically, we illustrate how the intraclass correlation (ICC), sample size, and the variation of cluster sizes affect the type I error and statistical power when different DDF approximation methods in GLMM are used to test intervention effect in CRTs with binary outcomes. The results are also illustrated using a real CRT dataset. Our simulation results suggest that the Between-Within method maintains the nominal type I error rates even when the total number of clusters is as low as 10 and is robust to the variation of the cluster sizes. The Residual and Containment methods have inflated type I error rates when the cluster number is small (<30) and the inflation becomes more severe with increased variation in cluster sizes. In contrast, the Satterthwaite and Kenward-Roger methods can provide tests with very conservative type I error rates when the total cluster number is small (<30) and the conservativeness becomes more severe as variation in cluster sizes increases. Our simulations also suggest that the Between-Within method is statistically more powerful than the Satterthwaite or Kenward-Roger method in analysing CRTs with heterogeneous cluster sizes, especially when the cluster number is small. We conclude that the Between-Within denominator degrees of freedom approximation method for F tests should be recommended when the GLMM is used in analysing CRTs with binary outcomes and few heterogeneous clusters, due to its type I error properties and relatively higher power.
Insulin resistance in hyperglyceridemia.

The response of the plasma FFA and the blood glucose to intravenous insulin injection, 0.1 unit/Kg. body weight, was measured in 8 normal persons, 9 obese persons, 12 persons with fasting hyperglycemia, and 19 persons with hyperglyceridemia. The rate of immediate decline in the concentration of blood glucose was correlated with the plasma triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05) and with the fasting plasma cholesterol (p < 0.02). The degree of hypoglycemia was inversely related to the degree of obesity (p < 0.05). The blood glucose response to insulin was significantly delayed and prolonged with advancing age. The blood glucose was higher at 15 minutes and lower at 180 minutes after insulin in older subjects. The resistance to exogenous insulin in hyperglyceridemic, obese and elderly persons is considered further evidence of some common etiologic factor(s) in obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Random intersection graphs when m= w (n): an equivalence theorem relating the evolution of the G ( n, m, p ) and G ( n,P /italic>) models

When the random intersection graph G(n, m, p) proposed by Karonski, Scheinerman, and Singer-Cohen [Combin Probab Comput 8 (1999), 131–159] is compared with the independent-edge G(n, p), the evolutions are different under some values of m and equivalent under others. In particular, when m=nα and α>6, the total variation distance between the graph random variables has limit 0. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 16, 156–176, 2000
More on remainders close to metrizable spaces

Abstract This article is a natural continuation of [A.V. Arhangel'skii, Remainders in compactifications and generalized metrizability properties, Topology Appl. 150 (2005) 79–90]. As in [A.V. Arhangel'skii, Remainders in compactifications and generalized metrizability properties, Topology Appl. 150 (2005) 79–90], we consider the following general question: when does a Tychonoff space X have a Hausdorff compactification with a remainder belonging to a given class of spaces? A famous classical result in this direction is the well known theorem of M. Henriksen and J. Isbell [M. Henriksen, J.R. Isbell, Some properties of compactifications, Duke Math. J. 25 (1958) 83–106]. It is shown that if a non-locally compact topological group G has a compactification bG such that the remainder Y = b G ∖ G has a G δ -diagonal, then both G and Y are separable and metrizable spaces (Theorem 5). Several corollaries are derived from this result, in particular, this one: If a compact Hausdorff space X is first countable at least at one point, and X can be represented as the union of two complementary dense subspaces Y and Z , each of which is homeomorphic to a topological group (not necessarily the same), then X is separable and metrizable (Theorem 12). It is observed that Theorem 5 does not extend to arbitrary paratopological groups. We also establish that if a topological group G has a remainder with a point-countable base, then either G is locally compact, or G is separable and metrizable.
Study on Adsorption Removal of Humic Acid in Water by Modified Clays

In this study, three kinds of natural clay minerals (kaolin clay, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth) were used to treat the raw water containing humic acid (HA) by adsorption/sedimentation. The results indicated that natural kaolin clay had no obvious effect on removing HA in water. Using chitosan to modify montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, the removal effect of the modified diatomaceous earth for HA was better than modified montmorillonite, and the optimal ratio between chitosan and diatomaceous earth was 1:30. Compared with natural diatomaceous earth, the modified clay had better adsorption property for HA at the same dosage. Using modified diatomaceous earth, the maximal removing rates for TOC and turbidity could respectively reach 85.9% and 64.6% with 60 mg/L dosage and 50 min.
Open spindle nuclear division in the amoebal phase of the acellular slime moldEchinostelium minutum with chromosomal movement related to the pronounced rearrangement of spindle microtubules

Myxamoebae ofEchinostelium minutum exhibit extranuclear (open spindle) mitosis with centrioles present at the poles. Spindle microtubules are formed in association with a juxtanuclear MTOC which surrounds the cell's complement of centrioles. During late prophase or prometaphase the nuclear envelope breaks down and subsequently a metaphase plate is formed. Two anaphasic movements occur sequentially: firstly, the distance of the chromosomes to the poles shortens; secondly the distance between the spindle poles increases. The arrangement of spindle microtubules during anaphase is consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomal separation is due to lateral interaction (zippering) of microtubules. During telophase, reconstitution of the nuclear envelope usually takes place in the interzonal region prior to reformation in the polar region. Cytokinesis, which begins in anaphase or early telophase involves the participation of vesicles, microfilaments and microtubules.
Personal reflections on the AAP practice parameter on management of hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy term newborn.

1. Lawrence F. Nazarian, MD* 2. William O. Robertson, MD† 1. 2. *Associate Editor 3. 4. †Professor of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital and Medical Center University of Washington Seattle, WA In the July 1997 issue of Pediatrics in Review, we presented a synopsis of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP’s) practice parameter on gastroenteritis. Our intent has been to publish similar summaries of all of the published parameters, attempting to bring these guidelines to the attention of readers who are not familiar with them . The second practice parameter to be published dealt with the management of hyperbilirubinemia in normal newborns .1(1) This parameter has stimulated more discussion than any of the others published to date, primarily because the body of data available on this subject is difficult to interpret, making consensus an important element in the formation of any conclusions. Consensus is not the same as unanimity . One of the authors of that document is Dr William Robertson, who also served as the first chair of what has evolved into the Committee on Quality Improvement. Rather than providing a synopsis of the parameter, we have chosen to present some of Robertson’s personal reflections, which include many of the elements of the parameter, as well as a table that summarizes the recommendations for therapy. Not only do Robertson’s remarks provide food for thought on the subject of neonatal jaundice, but they lead the reader into a consideration of the entire quality assurance initiative. The words of a down-to-earth, articulate spokesman who has been part of the history of this movement are worth heeding. These thoughts are those of one individual, but they remind us that all recommendations ultimately come from real people who struggle with the problem of guiding clinicians while using data that could be more complete . Now in print for more than 3 years, the parameter on jaundice is being re-evaluated. All of the guidelines will undergo similar review over time. Until a revised version …
Radioiodination and characterization of the plasma membrane of sea urchin sperm

Abstract Two methods were used to radioiodinate sea urchin sperm: lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase and Iodo-Gen. Following iodination the sperm are viable, they undergo the acrosome reaction, and they fertilize eggs. Of the radioactivity associated with the labeled sperm, 28–50% is presumed to be free 125I−, 37–47% is incorporated in lipid, and 8–15% is in trypsin-digestible material believed to be protein. Digestion of the labeled, living sperm with trypsin removes 95.6–99.5% of the macromolecular label (the cells are alive after digestion) suggesting that almost all the protein label is on the external surface of the cell. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipid fraction shows that the major membrane phospholipids and cholesterol are labeled. SDS-PAGE analysis shows the protein-incorporated 125I is distributed among four glycoproteins of >250K, 84K, 64K, and 52K dalton apparent molecular weight. Twenty-eight percent of the total protein (trypsin-digestible) label is in the 84K component and 46% in the 64K band. Although both molecules contain much of the label, they are relatively minor components of the TX-100 extract of sperm. The methods outlined will be useful in determining the role of sperm surface components in fertilization.
Carcinoma of the cervix, stage III. Results of radiation therapy

From April 1969 through December 1980, 203 patients with Stage III epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix were treated with radiation therapy with curative intent. The disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 50%, 33%, and 27%, respectively. The survival was better for patients with Stage IIIB disease than for those with Stage IIIA disease. Eighty-eight patients were treated with external beam therapy only, and 115 received external beam and brachytherapy. The disease-free survival was better for the combination therapy group initially, but this difference was not sustained beyond 5 years. One hundred eight patients experienced recurrence within the irradiated field, for a locoregional recurrence rate of 53%. Twenty-seven patients had complications (13%). The complications were mild in 13 patients, moderate in 4 patients, and severe in 10 patients. A study was made of the relationship of the dose to Point A and the occurrence of complications. Similar analyses were made of the bladder and rectal doses and the subsequent occurrence of urinary and intestinal complications. In these analyses, the mean dose to Point A and the critical organs was higher for the groups of patients with complications than for those patients without complications. This relationship was also observed when the patients were stratified for treatment with either external beam plus brachytherapy or external beam therapy alone.
Electron-beam induced current in GaAs field-effect transistors

We have used an electron beam to probe the active region of n‐channel GaAs junction field‐effect transistors. The injected charge leads to a rise in drain current (ΔiD), and static current gains (ΔiD / ΔiB) in excess of 107 are observed. These gains are ∼104 greater than expected from pair production given the incident beam energy (15 kV). It has been previously suggested that the injected charge modifies the surface potential, but we find the major effect to be an effective channel thickness increase. In addition, this channel opening and the current gain saturate at high beam current.