cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
West African proximity of the Avalon terrane in the latest Precambrian

Considerable debate surrounds the Late Neoproterozoic paleogeographic position of the Avalon terrane, specifically whether it was adjacent to West Africa or Amazonia. New paleomagnetic results from upper Neoproterozoic rocks in the Avalon terrane challenge the latter position. Samples collected from the ca. 580‐570 Ma Marystown Group in the southern part of the Burin peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada, yield high-temperature magnetic components, including dual-polarity directions, which are considered to be primary, on the basis of positive fold and agglomerate tests. The resultant tilt-corrected inclination is 538, representing a paleolatitude of deposition of 34 81 88/‐78 for the Marystown Group. Given the likelihood that Amazonia and Laurentia were still juxtaposed around 580‐570 Ma, the Marystown Group results reveal that the paleolatitude of Avalon is significantly lower than would be expected if it was part of Amazonia. In fact, Avalon was separated from northern Amazonia by at least 1100 km at ca. 580 Ma. If West Africa was juxtaposed to Amazonia, opposite Laurentia, by this time, these results place Avalon at the same paleolatitude as the northern margin of the West African craton.
Modeling of placebo drug effect using a population pharmacodynamic mixture model

Purpose To evaluate the effect of Enbrel placebo administration in psoriasis using a population pharmacodynamic modeling approach. Methods Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score was modeled as the clinical outcome. Data from 3 placebo controlled clinical trials with Enbrel in the treatment of psoriasis was utilitzed. The placebo effect was modeled using an inhibitory Emax model as a function of time. Where E0 is the baseline PASI score, Emax is the maximal effect on PASI score, IT50 is the time at which 50% of Emax is achieved, and Hill is the coefficient. Modeling was performed with three subpopulations, where individuals were classified as responder, stable, or non-responder. Each subpopulation shared a common E0, while Emax, IT50, and Hill were estimated for each subpopulation using a mixture model in NONMEM. Results The mixture model accurately described the clinical data. The population baseline PASI score was 16.8. 20% of the population was fit to the non-responder subpopulation having a population Emax of −8.6%. 6% of the population was fit to the stable population in which the Emax was fixed to zero. 74% percent of the population was fit to an Emax of 9.8% decrease in PASI score. Conclusion These results suggest that a mixture model may be a useful approach to population modeling of placebo effects when patients exhibit responsiveness and non-responsiveness. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P97–P97; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.372
Effect of Method of Catching and Time of Season on the Composition of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua)

A controlled study to assess the effect of method of catching (gillnet, handline, longline and trap) and time of season upon ash, caloric, carbohydrate, fat, moisture and protein contents of Atlantic cod was conducted. Live cod were bled, gutted, washed and iced at sea; immediately they were brought onboard commercial fishing vessels. The method of catching significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected only caloric, moisture and protein contents whereas time of season significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected only carbohydrate and protein contents. Ash and fat contents were significantly affected by an interaction of method of catching and time of season. Thus, both time of season and method of catching were important factors affecting the composition of Atlantic cod.
Germline Allele-Specific Expression of TGFBR1 Confers an Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Much of the genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans is unexplained. Studying a Caucasian-dominated population in the United States, we showed that germline allele-specific expression (ASE) of the gene encoding transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) type I receptor, TGFBR1, is a quantitative trait that occurs in 10 to 20% of CRC patients and 1 to 3% of controls. ASE results in reduced expression of the gene, is dominantly inherited, segregates in families, and occurs in sporadic CRC cases. Although subtle, the reduction in constitutive TGFBR1 expression alters SMAD-mediated TGF-β signaling. Two major TGFBR1 haplotypes are predominant among ASE cases, which suggests ancestral mutations, but causative germline changes have not been identified. Conservative estimates suggest that ASE confers a substantially increased risk of CRC (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 29.1), but these estimates require confirmation and will probably show ethnic differences.
Discriminability of Prediction Artifacts in a Time-Delayed Virtual Environment

Overall latency remains an impediment to perceived image stability and consequently to human performance in virtual environment (VE) systems. Predictive compensators have been proposed as a means to mitigate these shortcomings, but they introduce rendering errors because of induced motion overshoot and heightened noise. Discriminability of these compensator artifacts was investigated by a protocol in which head tracked image stability for 35 ms baseline VE system latency was compared against artificially added (16.7 to 100 ms) latency compensated by a previously studied Kalman Filter (K-F) predictor. A control study in which uncompensated 16.7 to 100 ms latencies were compared against the baseline was also performed. Results from 10 subjects in the main study and 8 in the control group indicate that predictive compensation artifacts are less discernible than the disruptions of uncompensated time delay for the shorter but not the longer added latencies. We propose that noise magnification and overshoot are contributory cues to the presence of predictive compensation.
Technologies of Empire: Writing, Imagination, and the Making of Imperial Networks, 1750–1820

Emperors and engineers, conquerors and bureaucrats—from Archimedes to Cortes to Lord Palmerston—have long understood the importance of the relationship between technology and imperialism. Only comp...
Methods for removing links in a network to minimize the spread of infections

Minimizing the spread of infections is a challenging problem, and it is the subject matter in many different fields such as epidemiology and cyber-security. In this paper, we investigate link removal as an intervention strategy and study the relative effectiveness of different link removal methods in minimizing the spread of infections in a network. With that in mind, we develop four connectivity-based network interdiction models and formulate these models as mixed integer linear programs. The first model minimizes the number of connections between infected and susceptible nodes; the second the number of susceptible nodes having one or more connections with infected nodes; the third the total number of paths between infected and susceptible nodes; and the fourth the total weight of the paths between infected and susceptible nodes. We also propose heuristic algorithms to solve the models. The network interdiction models act as link removal methods, i.e., each return a solution consisting of a set of links to remove in the network. We compare the effectiveness of these four methods with the effectiveness of an existing link removal method 25, a method based on link betweenness centrality 18, and random link removal method. Our results show that complete isolation of susceptible nodes from infected nodes is the most effective method in reducing the average number of new infections (reduce occurrence) under most scenarios, and the relative effectiveness of the complete isolation method increases with transmission probability. In contrast, removing the highest probability transmission paths is the most effective method in increasing the average time to infect half of the susceptible nodes (reduce speed) under most scenarios, and the relative effectiveness of this method decreases with transmission probability. HighlightsWe present four new network interdiction models to minimize spread in a network.We formulate the models as mixed-integer linear programs.We propose heuristic algorithms to solve the network interdiction models.We report run-times using CPLEX and also the run-times of the heuristic algorithms.We report the effectiveness of the network interdiction models in minimizing the spread of infections compared to several existing methods.
Family Organization and Adolescent Development

Understanding the development of adolescents requires an understanding of the adolescent's family relationships. These include relationships with parents, siblings, and other important family members. These relationships are shaped not only by the interactions between family members but also by the broader social context of the family. The period of adolescence is characterized by extensive change at multiple levels in the adolescent and the adolescent's environment. These changes clearly mandate transformation in the interactions between children and their family members. Despite these alterations in the child and in family relationships, research documents that parents and family relationships remain important social and emotional resources well beyond the childhood years.
Epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation an evolution of needs.

Referral for epicardial ablation frequently represents a “last ditch” effort in uniquely difficult patients. Epicardial mapping was the cornerstone that guided our early experience in the surgical ablation of arrhythmias ([1][1]). However, epicardial mapping alone was insufficient to identify
Long-Term Impact of Periprocedural Bleeding: When Does It End?

The landmark observation by DeWood et al. ([1][1]) that acute myocardial infarctions result from in situ coronary thrombosis ushered in a new era of therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes. Since that time, a variety of pharmacologic treatments have been developed to inhibit the
Impact of Resident Involvement on Morbidity in Adult Patients Undergoing Fusion for Spinal Deformity.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery with resident involvement are at an increased risk of morbidity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Resident involvement has been investigated in other orthopedic procedures but has not been studied in adult spinal deformity surgery. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) is a large multicenter clinical registry that prospectively collects preoperative risk factors, intraoperative variables, and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality outcomes from about 400 hospitals nationwide. Current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to query the database for adults who underwent fusion for spinal deformity between 2005 and 2012. Patients were separated into propensity score matched groups of those with and without resident involvement. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of resident involvement on the incidence of postoperative morbidity and other surgical outcomes. RESULTS Resident involvement was an independent predictor of overall morbidity [odds ratio (OR) 2.2, P 5 days (OR 2.0, P < 0.0001). However, resident involvement was not an independent predictor for other complications, such as mortality. CONCLUSION Resident participation was associated with significantly longer operative times. As a result, higher rate of certain morbidity, but not mortality, was found, specifically for complications that have been previously associated with long operative duration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Molecular-Level Details about Liquid H2O Interactions with CO and Sugar Alcohol Adsorbates on Pt(111) Calculated Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics

Catalytic fuel production and energy generation from biomass-derived compounds generally involve the aqueous phase, and water molecules at the catalyst interface have energetic and entropic consequences on the reaction free energies. These effects are difficult to elucidate, hindering rational catalyst design for these processes and inhibiting their widespread adoption. In this work, we combine density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to garner molecular-level insights into H2O–adsorbate interactions. We obtain ensembles of liquid configurations with classical MD and compute the electronic energies of these systems with DFT. We examine CO, CH2OH, and C3H7O3 intermediates, which are critical in biomass reforming and direct methanol electrooxidation, on the Pt(111) surface under various explicit and explicit/implicit water configurations. We find that liquid H2O molecules arrange around surface intermediates in ways that favor hydrogen bonding, with larger and more h...
Perceptions of athletic training services by collegiate student-athletes: a measurement of athlete satisfaction.

Abstract Objective: I evaluated the perceptions student-athletes had of their athletic trainers and of the medical coverage provided them by the athletic departments at their institutions. My intent was to assess differences between male and female athletes, between athletes of high-profile and low-profile sports, and between athletes who competed at the NCAA Division I and Division II levels. The research design was also directed at identifying any subgroup of student-athletes who demonstrated a significantly different perception toward their athletic trainer(s). Design and Setting: Questionnaires were sent to 32 athletic training programs at 28 NCAA Division I and II institutions. Eighteen of the 32 programs participated, yielding a 56% response. Subjects: A total of 343 student-athletes from 18 selected athletic programs at both the NCAA Division I and II levels participated. One questionnaire contained response errors and was not included in the analysis. Measurements: A questionnaire was developed and pilot tested at 3 collegiate settings apart from those participating in the study. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted and confirmed by additional professionals in the field of athletic training. Cumulative mean perception scores between groups were measured using independent t tests. Differences in scores between subgroups were measured using a 1-way analysis of variance. Results: I observed significant differences in mean cumulative perception scores between sex and sport-profile groups. Male athletes and athletes in high-profile sports demonstrated a higher mean perception score than did females and athletes in low-profile sports. There was no difference in scores when compared across athletic divisions. Subgroups of all the athletes participating were identified. Several subgroups demonstrated significant differences in mean cumulative perception scores. Conclusions: Males and females in low-profile sports at Division II schools and females in high-profile sports at Division II schools had significantly lower mean perception scores than did other subgroups of athletes.
IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE IN CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTIONS

Chronic viral infections of animals associated with immune complex disease resemble a number of human disorders. At present, on the basis of showing (a) virus, host antiviral antibody, and C3 deposited in a granular pattern along the glomerular capillary wall and in the mesangia and (b) virus-host Ig (presumably antiviral antibody) complexes in the circulation, immune complex disease occurs in chronic murine infections with LCM, LDV, MSV, and ADM. In addition, granular deposits in the glomeruli in Coxsachie B, polyoma, other leukemic viral infections in mice, equine anemia, and hog cholera suggest that immune complex disease also occurs in these infections. In transplacental LCM infections maternal antiviral antibody transferred in utero or via milk induces very early and severe immune complex disease. The severity of immune complex nephritis in mice neonatally or transplacentally infected with LCM virus is directly proportional to the amount of Ig elutable from the kidney and to the proportion of this Ig which reacts with the infecting virus.
Use of an Implantable Loop Recorder in a Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to Monitor Cardiac Arrhythmias and Assess the Effects of Acupuncture and Laser Therapy

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in captive chimpanzees and is often associated with myocardial fibrosis, which increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. In this case report, we present a 36-y-old male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) diagnosed with frequent ventricular premature complexes (VPC). We placed a subcutaneous implantable loop recorder for continual ECG monitoring to assess his arrhythmias without the confounding effects of anesthetics. During his initial treatment with the antiarrhythmia medication amiodarone, he developed thrombocytopenia, and the drug was discontinued. After reviewing other potential therapies for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, we elected to try acupuncture and laser therapy in view of the positive results and the lack of adverse side effects reported in humans. We used 2 well-known cardiac acupuncture sites on the wrist, PC6 (pericardium 6) and HT7 (heart 7), and evaluated the results of the therapy by using the ECG recordings from the implantable loop recorder. Although periodic increases in the animal's excitement level introduced confounding variables that caused some variation in the data, acupuncture and laser therapy appeared to decrease the mean number of VPC/min in this chimpanzee.
Nuclear Deterrence and Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War Period

The end of the Cold War brought with it a totally different geostrategic situation. From the point of view of Western Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the implosion of the USSR put an end to the direct threat from the East. The present Russia is anything but stable, but the risk of a Russian attack has become very small. Moreover, Russia and NATO have formed a strategic partnership (with a permanent council) since May 1997. In Bosnia Russia supplied troops to IFOR, led by an American general.
Quantitative analysis of amyloid polymorphism using height histograms to correct for tip convolution effects in atomic force microscopy imaging

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to image biological nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrate that AFM can be used to quantitatively characterize the polymorphism of amyloid fibrils through an analysis of height histogram plots under conditions where the image lacks high lateral resolution. In this approach, Gaussian fits are used to determine the characteristic height and volume of fibril species in the height-histogram plot of an image, and to convert these distributions into a quantitative assessment of the relative volume content of various species. This approach to fibril analysis facilitates rapid quantitative analysis of polymorphic species in heterogeneous samples of amyloid fibrils and other nano-structured materials.
Effect of time-of-day and day-of-the-week on congestion duration and breakdown: a case study at a bottleneck in Salem, NH

Abstract This work uses regression models to analyze two characteristics of recurrent congestion: breakdown, the transition from freely flowing conditions to a congested state, and duration, the time between the onset and clearance of recurrent congestion. First, we apply a binary logistic regression model where a continuous measurement for traffic flow and a dichotomous categorical variable for time-of-day (AM- or PM-rush hours) is used to predict the probability of breakdown. Second, we apply an ordinary least squares regression model where categorical variables for time-of-day (AM- or PM-rush hours) and day-of-the-week (Monday–Thursday or Friday) are used to predict recurrent congestion duration. Models are fitted to data collected from a bottleneck on I-93 in Salem, NH, over a period of 9 months. Results from the breakdown model, predict probabilities of recurrent congestion, are consistent with observed traffic and illustrate an upshift in breakdown probabilities between the AM- and PM-rush periods. Results from the regression model for congestion duration reveal the presences of significant interaction between time-of-day and day-of-the-week. Thus, the effect of time-of-day on congestion duration depends on the day-of-the-week. This work provides a simplification of recurrent congestion and recovery, very noisy processes. Simplification, conveying complex relationships with simple statistical summaries-facts, is a practical and powerful tool for traffic administrators to use in the decision-making process.
Pathways of Transformational Service Learning: Exploring the Relationships Between Context, Disorienting Dilemmas, and Student Response

This study extended research on transformational service learning by examining the impact that a community placement context can have on college students’ transformational processes. Kiely’s Transformational Service-Learning Process Model was used as a framework to better understand how context, dissonance, and student reactions are interrelated. Using the consensual qualitative research method of qualitative analysis, we examined 43 essays written by students in a service-learning course that focused on the development and maintenance of poverty in the United States. The essays described an experience the students found to be “eye-opening.” Our findings suggest that context of the community placement (i.e., job responsibilities and service location) shapes the types of disorienting dilemmas students identify and the reactions they report; working inside (e.g., shelter) and outside of a community placement may produce different transformational paths. These findings have implications for educators and res...
Paper Machines

This studio invites participants to design and build machines with different kinds of paper and craft materials. We will introduce papercrafting using our design tool "FoldMecha", mechanical components, and prototyping methods for physical construction.Participants interact with sample projects and explore a motion library, then begin the ideation process for their own working machine. During the studio, papercrafting techniques and various craft materials will be provided to further inspire participants creative process.The goal is to provide hands-on experiences in designing and building machines with paper using design tools and prototyping techniques that we have developed. The studio will culminate in the "show & tell" demo and discussion about bottom up and bricolage design approaches as a means of creative thinking and learning. Outcomes will be showcased at the TEI events.
Shakespeare, Gascoigne, and the Hunter’s Uneasy Conscience

AbstractThis essay explores prosopopoeia and anthropomorphosis as expressions of conscience, in good faith and in bad, in plays by William Shakespeare and poetry by George Gascoigne. In order to reconsider Jose Ortega y Gasset’s assertion that hunting is a “poetic task,” I examine the hunting scenes of Love’s Labor’s Lost, As You Like It, “Gascoigne’s Woodmanship,” and the complaint poems included in The Noble Arte of Venerie. When faced with the prospect of a kill, Shakespeare’s and Gascoigne’s hunters experience a moment of doubt and hesitation, giving rise to a venatic rhetoric through which they are called upon to justify the taking of life. Although recent work in animal studies has persuasively demonstrated the importance of anthropomorphosis and prosopopoiea for the enfranchisement of nonhuman others within the moral and political imagination, I consider the consequences of giving voice to animals in bad faith which may disguise tyranny as conscientious sovereignty.
The Antinociceptive Agent SBFI-26 Binds to Anandamide Transporters FABP5 and FABP7 at Two Different Sites.

Human FABP5 and FABP7 are intracellular endocannabinoid transporters. SBFI-26 is an α-truxillic acid 1-naphthyl monoester that competitively inhibits the activities of FABP5 and FABP7 and produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. The synthesis of SBFI-26 yields several stereoisomers, and it is not known how the inhibitor binds the transporters. Here we report co-crystal structures of SBFI-26 in complex with human FABP5 and FABP7 at 2.2 and 1.9 A resolution, respectively. We found that only (S)-SBFI-26 was present in the crystal structures. The inhibitor largely mimics the fatty acid binding pattern, but it also has several unique interactions. Notably, the FABP7 complex corroborates key aspects of the ligand binding pose at the canonical site previously predicted by virtual screening. In FABP5, SBFI-26 was unexpectedly found to bind at the substrate entry portal region in addition to binding at the canonical ligand-binding pocket. Our structural and binding energy analyses indicate t...
Genius as Productive Neurosis

The anxiety-reduction theory appears to be useful in explaining the high productivity of many geniuses who have suffered from severe anxieties. The habit of productive effort seems in many cases to relieve anxiety sufficiently to allow creative effort to proceed with results highly beneficial to society.
Metapopulation mirages: Problems parsing process from pattern

Abstract Ecological models attempting to unite the concepts of biodiversity and biogeography have been used to describe and predict the distribution and abundance of species. Two mechanistic hypotheses, the neutral model and the community-level metapopulation model, have the potential for direct comparison. However, there is potential for incorrectly inferring the underlying mechanisms of observed data if the hypotheses have similar descriptive ability. In this paper, we simulated a range of abiotic island-mainland system and biotic community structure variables following the mechanisms underlying these two hypotheses in order to compare model descriptive ability relative to each other and to a null model. We found that the null and metapopulation models could accurately describe data created under their respective assumptions for many of the simulated system structures. The neutral model generally failed to describe data created under neutral conditions relative to the null model. Modelling also revealed limitations of these mechanistic models identifying conditions where metapopulation dynamics would be inferred but were not occurring, and failing to detect metapopulation dynamics where it was actually occurring. To help alleviate this problem, we also identified sets of conditions where metapopulation dynamics, if it is actually occurring, could be distinguished from null or neutral models. Such systems have moderate variability in distance to mainland, density of mainland species and island area, as well as low to moderate numbers of islands and species (10–50). Simulations demonstrated the potential to distinguish unified models under certain conditions, but there are also conditions where models are equivalent and where the model that best described the data was not consistent with the underlying mechanism. These shortcomings may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding mechanisms presumed to be producing observed patterns in species abundance and distribution.
Inpatient admissions related to immune-related adverse effects (irAE) among patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced malignancy: A tsunami is coming, but are we ready?

127Background: Disruption of the immune system with immune checkpoint inhibitors can result in a multitude of immune-related adverse effects (irAE). While irAEs have been well-reported in clinical trials, the impact and magnitude of irAE’s in the real-world, particularly inpatient is unclear. Methods: Data was collected on patients with advanced malignancy who experienced a suspected irAE needing admission to an academic hospital (Feb 2011 to June 2017). Each case was reviewed comprehensively by minimum of two reviewers, including one sub-specialist. In addition, oncologists at our institution were surveyed regarding their confidence about managing patients with irAEs. Results: Over a span of 6 years, there were 343 hospitalizations for suspected irAEs and the majority (65%; N = 223) were confirmed irAEs that required treatment with immunosuppression or therapy stopped as result. The mean length of stay was 6.3 days (range 1 to 31 days), readmission rate for another irAE event 25%, total readmission rate ...
Programmable illumination for multimodal microscopy using an electric paper (ePaper) display

We present a highly-flexible, cost-effective multimodal microscope using a programmable electric paper display. We demonstrate its ability to acquire dark-field and phase contrast images. The display can be used with either incoherent or laser illumination.
Primary Endpoints in Pediatric Efficacy Trials Submitted to the US FDA.

The selection of appropriate endpoints in pediatric drug development trials is a critical aspect of trial design. Given the high pediatric trial failure rate, selecting optimal trial design elements, such as the primary efficacy endpoint, is essential to ensuring increased potential for trial success. The objectives of this study were to identify the primary efficacy endpoints measured in pediatric drug development trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration and to relate endpoint attributes to trial and label outcome. The analysis included pediatric pivotal efficacy studies submitted from September 2007 to July 2016 for which there was a corresponding adult trial for the same indication. Two hundred and thirty-four efficacy trials on 138 unique products studied in pediatric patients were assessed. The adult and pediatric endpoints were the same in 141 of the 234 trials (60.3%), and these trials succeeded in meeting their primary endpoint more often (122 of 141 [86.5%]) than when the adult and pediatric endpoints differed (57 of 93 [61.3%]; odds ratio, 4.03; 95%CI, 2.10-7.80). Trials that included both pediatric and adult patients succeeded more frequently than those trials that did not combine pediatric and adult patients (85 of 95 versus 94 of 139, respectively; odds ratio, 4.05; 95%CI, 1.94-9.31). No differences were observed in pediatric trial success between those using subjective and objective endpoints. Using the same endpoint in the pediatric trial as was measured in the corresponding adult trial and enrolling pediatric and adult patients in the same trial were attributes associated with trial success.
Pleural Sclerosis for the Management of Initial Pneumothorax

A pneumothorax occurs when there is air in the pleural space. Pneumothoraces are classified as spontaneous, which occur without preceding trauma or other obvious cause, or traumatic, which occur as a result of trauma to the chest. Spontaneous pneumothoraces are subclassified as primary or secondary. A primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in an otherwise healthy person without underlying lung disease. A secondary spontaneous pneumothorax complicates an underlying lung disease, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Guinea-Pigs Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract This investigation demonstrated delayed hypersensitivity by macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) and skin-testing (ST) at 4, 8, 12, and 17 weeks and by lymphocyte transformation (LT) at 4, 12, and 17 weeks after infection of guinea-pigs (GP) with Toxoplasma gondii (C-37 strain). MMI and LT were both most pronounced at 4 and 17 weeks post-infection. GP immunized with toxoplasmin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) demonstrated positive blast transformation and ST, but GP immunized with phosphate buffered saline in CFA did not. MMI was demonstrated with both immunizing preparations. Positive dye test and indirect hemagglutination test titers from 4 through 17 weeks were found.
Real-Time Cyber-Physical False Data Attack Detection in Smart Grids Using Neural Networks

Attacks on cyber-physical systems have recently increased in frequency, impact, and publicity. In this paper, a cyber-physical false data attack detection mechanism is proposed to protect the operation of power transmission and distribution systems by automatically inferring underlying physical relationships using cross-sensor analytics in order to detect sensor failures, replay attacks, and other data integrity issues in real-time. We investigate a neural network based mechanism acting on voltage and current readings resulting from a wide variety of load conditions on the IEEE 30-bus power system standard and compare its performance with a support vector machine based mechanism. Experiments showed that 99% detection accuracy of replay attacks was achieved using the proposed neural network mechanism. More importantly, we showed that the best approach was to not create physics-based features using what we knew about the system, but rather to use a neural network to automatically learn the laws, and then use the outputs of that to build a classifier to identify whether and where data spoofing occurs. Thus, it is preferable to infer and exploit the physics using a single machine learning solution rather than to add features first and then build a detector.
Acute pancreatitis following renal allotransplantation. A lethal complication.

Since first described by Starzl in 1964 (1), acute pancreatitis following renal homotransplantation has been the subject of sporadic reports and reviews (2–5). The generally reported incidence has been around 2%, with a mortality rate of 50–60%. A recent experience with such a patient caused us to retrospectively analyze our own series of renal transplant recipients. In an eight-year period, there were six patients who had documented pancreatitis out of a total 120 renal homograft recipients, an incidence of 5%. The mortality was distressingly high; five out of the six succumbed directly to this complication, a rate of 83%. The purpose of this paper is to review these six patients in detail, with special attention to the protean etiologies and manifestations of this lethal complication.
Design, Analysis, and Experiments of Preview Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles

This paper presents a preview steering control algorithm and its closed-loop system analysis and experimental validation for accurate, smooth, and computationally inexpensive path tracking of automated vehicles. The path tracking issue is formulated as an optimal control problem with dynamic disturbance, i.e., the future road curvature. A discrete-time preview controller is then designed on the top of a linear augmented error system, in which the disturbances within a finite preview window are augmented as part of the state vector. The obtained optimal steering control law is in an analytic form and consists of two parts: 1) a feedback control responding to tracking errors and 2) a feedforward control dealing with the future road curvatures. The designed control’s nature, capacity, computation load, and underlying mechanism are revealed by the analysis of system responses in the time domain and the frequency domain, theoretical steady-state error, and comparison with the model predictive control (MPC). The algorithm was implemented on an automated vehicle platform, a hybrid Lincoln MKZ. The experimental and simulation results are then presented to demonstrate the improved performance in tracking accuracy, steering smoothness, and computational efficiency compared to the MPC and the full-state feedback control.
Transatlantic connections: reception and production of Nollywood films in Brazil

ABSTRACTThis essay examines South to South connections between Brazil and Nigeria through a situated reception study and content analysis of two Nollywood films. The audiences are located in Salvador da Bahia and in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the essay analyses audience reception of Domitilla: The Story of a Prostitute (1996) and extrapolates themes by examining Black Night in South America (2007). The themes of both films and various spectatorial responses reveal the observation of stark contrasts between rich and poor, capitalist desires, and different patriarchies – echoing those themes in Brazilian telenovelas. This thematic coincidence is a site for exploring cross-cultural similarities and intersections between aspects of Nigerian and Brazilian life. It is also an avenue for a further symbolic exploration of cultural and historical contiguities within the Global South, particularly with regard to religious practices, gender relations, and socio-economic hierarchies. This paper combines audience response...
SUSD2 Proteolytic Cleavage Requires the GDPH Sequence and Inter-Fragment Disulfide Bonds for Surface Presentation of Galectin-1 on Breast Cancer Cells.

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a 14 kDa protein that has been well characterized for promoting cancer metastasis and tumor immune evasion. By localizing to the cancer cell surface, Gal-1 induces T cell apoptosis through binding T cell surface receptors. The transmembrane protein, Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2), has been previously shown to be required for Gal-1 surface presentation in breast cancer cells. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that SUSD2 is cleaved into two fragments. However, the significance of this cleavage for Gal-1 surface localization has not been investigated. To define the location of cleavage, a mutagenesis analysis of SUSD2 was performed. Our studies demonstrated that SUSD2 is cleaved at its glycine-aspartic acid-proline-histidine (GDPH) amino acid sequence. Generation of a noncleavable SUSD2 mutant (GDPH∆-SUSD2) showed that SUSD2 cleavage was required for SUSD2 and Gal-1 plasma membrane localization. Noncleavable cysteine mutants were also unable to present Gal-1 at the cell surface, further demonstrating that SUSD2 cleavage is required for Gal-1 surface presentation. Treatment with the serine protease inhibitor, Pefabloc SC, inhibited SUSD2 cleavage in a dose dependent manner, suggesting that SUSD2 is cleaved by a serine protease. Therefore, identification and inhibition of this protease may provide a new therapeutic tool for inhibiting SUSD2 and Gal-1′s combined tumorigenic function in breast cancer.
Direct printing of metal contacts on 4H-SiC for radiation detection

Additive manufacturing (AM) has created the possibility of replacing traditional manufacturing techniques with faster, versatile, and cost-effective production options. In this study, we employed AM techniques to fabricate silicon carbide (SiC) radiation detectors based on commercial 4H-SiC wafers. Platinum (Pt) nanoparticle inks were synthesized and printed onto the surface of a 4H-SiC wafer using an aerosol jet printing technique to create Schottky diodes for radiation detection. The additive printed detectors were characterized for surface morphology through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and electronically by current-voltage (IV), capacitance-voltage (CV), and finally by alpha spectroscopy measurements. The printed detector achieved an energy resolution of 3.24% FWHM at 5.486 MeV, compared to 0.62% FWHM of a SiC detector fabricated by conventional cleanroom technologies and 0.3% FWHM of a commercially available Si detector.
How Do I Help My Partner in Pain? Partners’ Helping Behaviors Are Linked to Lower Pain and Greater Perceived Validation During an Experimental Pain Task

Background Observers' responses to people with illness are important predictors of quality of life, yet findings are mixed regarding the types of responses that affect illness-related suffering. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether perspective taking positively affects observers' responses to their romantic partner experiencing experimentally induced pain and whether responses based in Self-Determination Theory and communication models of illness are related to perceived validation and pain outcomes. Methods Undergraduate romantic couples (N = 122) completed baseline questionnaires; then one partner was randomly assigned to complete the cold pressor task, whereas the other partner observed. Couples were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a perspective-taking group in which observers were privately instructed to take the perspective of the pain participant or a control group. Afterward, both partners completed surveys, and pain participants completed a video recall task in which they recalled partner behaviors that were coded by trained raters using a theoretically derived manual. Results Pain participants in the perspective-taking group identified significantly less invalidating communication from their partners, fewer behaviors that thwarted their competence, and more behaviors that supported their autonomy. Across groups, pain participants who received more normalizing communication that supported their competence felt more validated by their partners, had lower pain intensity, and exhibited greater pain tolerance, whereas those who received more invalidation showed worse outcomes. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that attention to different types of partner behaviors is essential when developing behavioral medicine treatments for pain and illness.
The Prevalence and Longitudinal Patterns of Continuous Community Violence Exposure and Trauma-Related Symptoms in Adolescent Male Serious Offenders.

The current study examined the longitudinal patterns of continuous exposure to community violence (ECV) and associated symptoms in serious adolescent male offenders. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance Study (Schubert et al., 2004), the current study examined the prevalence of continuous ECV and the stability in exposure over a 3-year period in 1,170 adolescent male offenders (M age at baseline = 16.05 years, SD = 1.15). The results revealed variability in adolescent offenders' ECV and trauma-related symptoms. A latent class analysis identified three classes of participants at each time point: "witnessed with hostility," "dually exposed [i.e., high probability of both witnessing and victimization] with anxiety and hostility," and "no/low exposure with anxiety and hostility." Participants in the witnessed with hostility class reported more baseline ECV than those in the other classes, ds = 0.62-1.37, and more violent offenses than those in the dually exposed with anxiety and hostility class, d = 0.48. In addition, participants in the witnessed with hostility class were older, d = 0.10, and reported more violent offenses at baseline, d = 0.07, than those in the no/low exposure class; however, participants in the no/low exposure class reported spending more time in secure settings with no community access than those in the witnessed with hostility class, d = 0.20. A latent transition analysis over a 3-year period revealed relatively high stability in ECV and trauma-related symptoms over time, with a large proportion of participants remaining in the same violence and trauma class at each transition.
Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals Cannabidiol Disruption of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Human Cell Lines

Cannabidiol (CBD) is FDA-approved for treatment of drug-intractable forms of pediatric epilepsy, yet the mechanisms that underlie its efficacy remain unclear. Myriad protein targets of CBD have been reported, suggesting a pleiotropic pharmacology. Here, we report a systems-level analysis of CBD action in human cell lines using temporally-resolved multi-omic profiling and biosensor screening. CDB treatment resulted in a chronic rise in cytosolic calcium and activated AMPK signaling within two hours. Subcellular profiling of proteins, metabolites, and mRNA transcripts identified CBD-dependent activation of cholesterol biosynthesis, transport and storage. We found that CBD incorporates into cellular membranes, alters cholesterol chemical activity, and increases lipid order. CBD-induced apoptosis in multiple human cell lines was rescued by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and potentiated by compounds that disrupt cholesterol trafficking and storage. Our data point to pharmacological interaction of CBD with cholesterol homeostasis pathways, with potential implications in its therapeutic use.
Constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy from asymmetric-matter calculations with chiral N N and 3 N interactions

The nuclear symmetry energy is a key quantity in nuclear (astro)physics. It describes the isospin dependence of the nuclear equation of state, which is commonly assumed to be almost quadratic. In this work, we confront this standard quadratic expansion of the equation of state with explicit asymmetric nuclear-matter calculations based on a set of commonly used Hamiltonians including two- and three-nucleon forces derived from chiral effective-field theory. We study, in particular, the importance of nonquadratic contributions to the symmetry energy, including the nonanalytic logarithmic term introduced by Kaiser [Phys. Rev. C 91, 065201 (2015)]. Our results suggest that the nonquadratic contribution to the symmetry energy can be systematically determined from the various Hamiltonians employed, and we obtain $0.{74}_{\ensuremath{-}0.08}^{+0.11}$ MeV (or $\ensuremath{-}1.{02}_{\ensuremath{-}0.08}^{+0.11}$ MeV for the potential term with the effective-mass contribution) at nuclear saturation density, while the logarithmic contribution to the symmetry energy is relatively small and model-dependent. We also employ the meta-model approach to study the impact of the higher-order contributions on the neutron-star crust-core transition density, and find a 5% correction.
Imaging of Hepatic Cystic Tumors

Cystic tumors of the liver are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with characteristic histogenesis, clinico-biological features, and pathologic findings. They include both epithelial and mesenchymal liver tumors and commonly originate from the biliary epithelium. Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) are the most common cystic neoplasms of the liver. Cystic changes can develop in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic metastases due to cystic degeneration and necrosis. Rarely, mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and giant cavernous hemangioma may also show cystic appearance with necrotic areas. Rare hepatic tumors such as mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma, lymphangioma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are also cystic in nature. Select cystic hepatic tumors show characteristic cross-sectional imaging findings that permit an accurate diagnosis. Imaging is also pivotal in the follow-up and long-term surveillance of cystic hepatic tumors.
Thymoma in an aged backyard Leghorn chicken, with reviews of a database and literature.

A 7-y-old backyard Leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)–Turlock branch for postmortem examination, with a hist...
Mobile Internet Adoption in West Africa

Mobile broadband internet is the main technology through which individuals access the internet in developing countries. Understanding the barriers to broadband adoption is thus a priority in designing policies aiming to expand access and close the digital divide across socioeconomic groups and territories. This paper exploits data from harmonized household expenditure surveys in seven countries in West Africa in 2018/19  a subregion with one of the lowest levels of mobile internet penetration in the world  to identify the main factors that limit mobile broadband internet adoption. Results show that low levels of household consumption and prices of services are two key constraints. One standard deviation increase in household expenditure, about US$65 per capita per month, is associated with a 6.5 percentage point rise in the probability of adoption, while one standard deviation drop in the price of mobile internet services, about US$3.60, increases the probability of adoption by 2.4 percentage points. Other determinants include demographic characteristics (sex, age, language, urban location), socioeconomic features (educational attainment, sector of employment), and other factors linked to policy (access to electricity, ownership of assets, alternative means of internet access). Results are robust to specifications focusing only in areas with mobile internet coverage (3G).