cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using interleaved memory to implement network subsystems buffers

The recent advances in computer communication technologies have led to the proliferation of new high-speed networks that operate in the Gpbs ranges. The existing implementations of standard communication protocol suites do not properly utilize the performance of these networks. This has intensified the efforts to develop high-performance network subsystems that are capable of utilizing the bandwidth offered by the high-speed networks. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to implement the buffers of the network subsystems, which is based on memory interleaving concept. Using this approach, the results obtained using simulations show that data copying overhead is reduced, which increases the throughput of the network subsystem. Many of the proposed techniques to improve the performance of the network subsystems are based on parallel processing techniques. However, we show that for bulk data transfer, the interleaved memory network subsystem provides a comparable performance result at a lower cost.
Origin of the photo-induced changes in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract The electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the changes induced by photogeneration of excess free carriers. Previous models which have been proposed to account for such effects are classified and criticized. An alternative explanation, which is based on the unique electronic structure of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, is proposed and analyzed. In this model, no new defects are created by the light, but rather the photo-induced effects follow from a metastable trapping of the excess free carriers at charged spinless defects which are present at equilibrium.
Gravitational radiation from rotational instabilites in compact stellar cores with stiff equations of state.

We carry out 3D numerical simulations of the dynamical instability in rapidly rotating stars initially modeled as polytropes with $n=1.5, 1.0, \mathrm{and} 0.5$. The calculations are done with a SPH code using Newtonian gravity, and the gravitational radiation is calculated in the quadrupole limit. All models develop the global $m=2$ bar mode, with mass and angular momentum being shed from the ends of the bar in two trailing spiral arms. The models then undergo successive episodes of core recontraction and spiral arm ejection, with the number of these episodes increasing as $n$ decreases: this results in longer-lived gravitational wave signals for stiffer models. This instability may operate in a stellar core that has expended its nuclear fuel and is prevented from further collapse due to centrifugal forces. The actual values of the gravitational radiation amplitudes and frequencies depend sensitively on the radius of the star ${R}_{\mathrm{eq}}$ at which the instability develops.
Corridor Management: A Means to Elevate Understanding of Geotechnical Impacts on System Performance

The primary assets of a transportation agency are the transportation corridors that have been established to provide the means for moving people and goods safely and efficiently. A corridor’s performance in this regard is only as good as its weakest link. Therefore, to manage an asset such as a corridor to a standard for system performance is to consider its components concurrently, not by individual asset classes. A corridor has embankments, slopes, walls, bridges, and pavements, and considering these geotechnical features separately just does not make sense from a system-performance perspective. Settlement, slope instability, rockfall, erosion, and corrosion are events that can be surprises or can be recognized in advance and managed. The corridor concept can bring geotechnical assets into consideration and result in better management for system performance. The concept also provides a means for rational prioritization that allows for a phased approach to the daunting task of collecting inventory and condition assessment for features that have not previously been managed. Geoprofessionals are developing tools and practices for inventorying, assessing performance, predicting life-cycle costs and degradation, and evaluating risk associated with geotechnical features. These tools and practices contribute to effective corridor management.
Bodies and Needs: Lessons from Palestine

We have come to understand developmental indices such as growth, standard of living, and the calorie as �universal.� Such indices promise an objective means of erasing developmental differences. They promise sameness. However, what happens when we shift our focus away from inclusion and exclusion in the process of development, and instead look at when and how these categories themselves were constituted?
Oxygen isotopic study of Late Mesozoic cooling of the Mount Barcroft area, central White Mountains, eastern California

The Middle Jurassic Barcroft mafic granodiorite and Late Cretaceous, ternary-minimum McAfee Creek Granite are important components of the igneous arc sited along the SW North American margin. Bulk-rock analyses of 11 samples of the metaluminous, I-type Barcroft comagmatic suite have an average δ18O value of 7.4±0.6‰ (all values±1σ). Four Barcroft specimens average eNd=−3.6±1.8, 87Sr/86Sr=0.707±0.001. The pluton consists of petrochemically gradational, Ca-amphibole-rich gabbro/diorite, granodiorite, metadiorite, and rare alaskite–aplite; for most of the pluton, oxygen isotope exchange of quartz, feldspar(s), biotite, and Ca-amphibole accompanied local deuteric alteration. Eight specimens of slightly peraluminous granitic rocks of the muscovite-bearing McAfee Creek series have an average δ18O of 8.6±0.5‰. Four McAfee-type samples average eNd=−7.8±1.7, 87Sr/86Sr=0.711±0.004. For both plutons, bulk-rock evidence of exchange with near-surface water is lacking, suggesting ~5–10 km cooling depths. Barcroft minerals exhibit regular oxygen isotopic partitioning from high to low δ18O in the sequence quartz>plagioclase>K-feldspar>>amphibole≥biotite. Along the SE margin of the pluton, quartz and biotite in Lower Cambrian quartzites are higher in δ18O, and show slightly larger fractionations than igneous analogues. Exchange with fluids derived from these heated, contact-metamorphosed country rocks increased bulk 18O/16O ratios of Barcroft border rocks (and constituent plagioclase+subsolidus tremolite–actinolite), especially of granitic dikes transecting the wall rocks. Oxygen isotope thermometry for seven Barcroft pluton quartz–amphibole and six quartz–biotite pairs indicate apparent subsolidus temperatures averaging 519±49 °C. Quartz–plagioclase pairs from two Barcroft granodiorites yield values of 519 and 515 °C. A quartz–biotite pair from a quartzite adjacent to the Barcroft pluton yields an apparent temperature of 511 °C, in agreement with estimates based on contact metamorphic parageneses. Except for its SE margin, Barcroft pluton silicates evidently exchanged oxygen isotopes under local deuteric conditions. Compatible with Ca-amphibole thermobarometric analyses, areal distributions for quartz–plagioclase, quartz–amphibole, and quartz–biotite pairs reveal that putative annealing temperatures are lowest in NE-trending axial portions of the Barcroft body, so it simply cooled inwards. Intrusion ~70 million years later by the McAfee Creek Granite had no discernable effect on δ18O values of Barcroft minerals and bulk rocks.
Brief Report: Child-Rearing Practices of Caregivers With and Without a Child With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Perspectives of Caregivers and Professionals

Objective To evaluate predictions from professionals in pediatric rheumatology regarding the child-rearing practices of caregivers of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and healthy classmates. Methods Sixteen professionals identified items from the Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) that were expected to differentiate between caregivers of children with JRA (64 mothers, 45 fathers) and caregivers of healthy classmates (64 mothers, 40 fathers). Families were interviewed, and physician ratings of disease severity were obtained. Results Experts predicted difficulties in protectiveness, discipline, and worry. Ratings from parents of children with JRA showed modest agreement with the professionals, surprising similarity to controls, and a limited association with disease factors. Conclusions Contrary to expert opinion, JRA has only a modest influence on some child-rearing practices. Educating health care providers may minimize misperceptions about caring for children with JRA, and screening parents of children with more severe disease may assist in allocating education and services for families.
The Metrical Foot in Diyari.

One of the principal innovations of metrical stress theory is the claim that stress involves not merely a set of diacritics indicating the relative prominence of the syllables of a word but the construction of a constituent, the stress foot. As a constituent, the stress foot not only plays a role in the placement of stress but is also available to condition other phonological and morphological processes. Although the existence of the stress foot is now widely accepted and a variety of examples have been put forward showing the existence of such constituents and their role in processes other than stress placement, such examples are still not common, and languages in which the stress foot subserves a number of different processes are not well-attested.
Conditions for Pseudo Strain-Hardening in Fiber Reinforced Brittle Matrix Composites

Apart from imparting increased fracture toughness, one of the useful purposes of reinforcing brittle matrices with fibers is to create enhanced composite strain capacity. This paper reviews the conditions underwhich such a composite will exhibit the pseudo strain-hardening phenomenon. The presentation is given in a unified manner for both continuous aligned and discontinuous random fiber composites. It is demonstrated that pseudo strain hardening can be practically designed for both gills of composites by proper tailoring of material structures. 18 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Determination of array feed excitation to improve performance of distorted or scanned reflector antennas

The performance degradation of distorted and/or scanned reflector antennas is manifested primarily in a decrease in peak gain and in an increase in radiation pattern sidelobes. The author discusses a procedure for determination of the excitation coefficients of the array feed in order to approximate the 'ideal' performance for both gain and sidelobes. Representative results of 6 GHz are presented for a hexagonal array of 1.5 lambda diameter dual-mode horns with center-to-center spacing of 1.5 lambda , to compensate for the surface distortion of one offset aperture of a mesh deployable reflector antenna. >
Multi-tap sliders: advancing touch interaction for parameter adjustment

Research in multi-touch interaction has typically been focused on direct spatial manipulation; techniques have been create to result in the most intuitive mapping between the movement of the hand and the resultant change in the virtual object. However, as we attempt to design for more complex operations, the expectation of spatial manipulation becomes infeasible.We introduce Multi-tap Sliders for operation in what we call abstract parametric spaces that do not have an obvious literal spatial representation, such as exposure, brightness, contrast and saturation for image editing. This new widget design promotes multi-touch interaction for prolonged use in scenarios that require adjustment of multiple parameters as part of an operation. The multi-tap sliders encourage the user to keep her visual focus on the target, instead of the requiring to look back at the interface.Our research emphasizes ergonomics, clear visual design, and fluid transition between the selection of parameters and their subsequent adjustment for a given operation. We demonstrate a new technique for quickly selecting and adjusting multiple numerical parameters. A preliminary user study points out improvements over the traditional sliders.
New colony formation in the “highly inbred” eusocial naked mole-rat: outbreeding is preferred

If the adaptive significance of sexual reproduction derives from genetic recombination, then sexual organisms that severely inbreed minimize the benefits of sexuality without fully escaping its costs. Local populations of the eusocial naked mole-rat are extremely genetically uniform, and colonies have the highest inbreeding coefficient known for wild mammals. Because nonbreeding workers cooperate to rear the queen’s offspring, researchers have speculated that the inclusive fitness benefits of close relatedness outweigh the benefits of genetic recombination, thus leading to the adaptive avoidance of outbreeding. However, I show that in laboratory colonies in which each individual had an equal number of familiar siblings and unfamiliar distant kin (UDK) as potential mates, mating pairs were significantly more likely to consist of UDK. Some form of kin recognition must have been used in order for this pattern to result. Aggression was not mitigated by relatedness, however, as both fighting and cooperation occurred as frequently between siblings as between UDK. By studying the early stages of colony development I was able to investigate correlations between physical characteristics of workers and success in attaining breeding status. I also observed allonursing, hitherto unseen in this species, and suggest that it is less likely to occur later in colony development. Key words: aggression, allonursing, cooperation, eusociality, Heterocephalus glaber, inbreeding, kin recognition, naked mole-rat, outbreeding. [Behav Ecol 11:1‐6 (2000)]
Calcium alginate microencapsulation of ovarian follicles impacts FSH delivery and follicle morphology

Background: We have previously shown that suspension culture prevents follicle flattening and maintains three-dimensional follicle architecture better than culture on flat plates. However, many of the follicles cultured in suspension do eventually rupture, as basement membrane integrity is lost and the three-dimensional structure of the follicle is altered. Therefore, the objective of this study is to support three-dimensional follicle architecture during in vitro growth of ovarian follicles through encapsulation in calcium alginate, while maintaining responsiveness to FSH stimulation. Methods: Preantral follicles (150 – 160 micrometers in diameter) were isolated from the ovaries of juvenile rats and grown in culture tubes or encapsulated in calcium alginate and grown in culture tubes. Previous studies revealed that follicles maintained structural integrity but did not grow as well when encapsulated in calcium alginate. In these studies, we evaluated the effect of calcium alginate on FSH-stimulated follicle growth, survival, and morphology in suspension culture. Follicles were grown under 5 culture conditions: 1) not encapsulated; with FSH in the medium, 2) encapsulated in the absence of FSH, grown in medium without FSH, 3) encapsulated with calcium alginate containing FSH but grown in medium without FSH, 4) encapsulated without FSH but grown in medium containing FSH and 5) encapsulated with calcium alginate containing FSH and in medium containing FSH. To assess growth rates, follicles were cultured for 72 hours and analyzed for follicle size increase and DNA content. Survival analysis for encapsulated and unencapsulated follicles was performed by constructing a Kaplan Meier survival curve of daily observations of intact follicle survival. Three-dimensional architecture was assessed histologically and by analysis of the pattern of connexin 43 expression in the cultured follicles. Results: In the absence of FSH, follicle diameter increased by only 6.4%. When FSH was included in the alginate bead alone or the media alone, the follicle diameter increased by 13.5% and 19.9% respectively. This was greater than follicles cultured in the absence of FSH (p < 0.05), but less than that of the FSH-treated unencapsulated follicles (p < 0.05). However, when follicles were cultured with FSH included in both the media and the bead, a 32.6% increase in follicle diameter was observed, statistically no different than the growth rate of the unencapsulated follicles grown with FSH. Conclusion: Microencapsulation supports three-dimensional follicle growth, but may limit access to hormones in the medium resulting in altered development compared to unencapsulated follicles. Inclusion of FSH in the alginate bead restores the follicle growth response to FSH, while also providing a scaffold of support for three-dimensional growth. The application of tissue engineering principles to the problems of follicle culture in vitro may provide advances applicable to fertility preservation in women and endangered species.
On Algorithms for Sparse Multi-factor NMF

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular data analysis method, the objective of which is to approximate a matrix with all nonnegative components into the product of two nonnegative matrices. In this work, we describe a new simple and efficient algorithm for multi-factor nonnegative matrix factorization (mfNMF) problem that generalizes the original NMF problem to more than two factors. Furthermore, we extend the mfNMF algorithm to incorporate a regularizer based on the Dirichlet distribution to encourage the sparsity of the components of the obtained factors. Our sparse mfNMF algorithm affords a closed form and an intuitive interpretation, and is more efficient in comparison with previous works that use fix point iterations. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms on both synthetic and real data sets.
Dynamic Compaction of Combustion-Synthesized Hafnium Carbide

The explosive-consolidation technique developed to fabricate combustion-synthesized titanium carbide and titanium diboride has been applied to hafnium carbide. Presently, the application of this technique results in a moderately dense HfC product. Sample confinement and configuration, explosive loading, and total heat available for the combustion-synthesis process were found to influence product characteristics. The key features of the process as well as some of the properties of the HfC ceramics produced are described.
Reward, Punishment, and Interdependence

This essay seeks to show that the successful use of reward and punishment is related to the degree of interdependence among the parties. Where the relationship is one of "independence," A cannot in...
Octamer Transfer and Creation of Stably Remodeled Nucleosomes by Human SWI-SNF and Its Isolated ATPases

Chromatin remodeling complexes help regulate the structure of chromatin to facilitate transcription. The multisubunit human (h) SWI-SNF complex has been shown to remodel mono- and polynucleosome templates in an ATP-dependent manner. The isolated hSWI-SNF ATPase subunits BRG1 and hBRM also have these activities. The intact complex has been shown to produce a stable remodeled dimer of mononucleosomes as a product. Here we show that the hSWI-SNF ATPases alone can also produce this product. In addition, we show that hSWI-SNF and its ATPases have the ability to transfer histone octamers from donor nucleosomes to acceptor DNA. These two reactions are characterized and compared. Our results are consistent with both products of SWI-SNF action being formed as alternative outcomes of a single remodeling mechanism. The ability of the isolated ATPase subunits to catalyze these reactions suggests that these subunits play a key role in determining the mechanistic capabilities of the SWI-SNF family of remodeling complexes.
Architecture of a tide‐influenced river delta in the Frontier Formation of central Wyoming, USA

The Frewens sandstone is composed of two elongate tide-influenced sandstone bodies that are positioned directly above and slightly landward of a more wave-influenced lobate sandstone. The 20-km-long, 3-km-wide Frewens sandstone bodies coarsen upwards and fine away from their axes, have gradational bases and margins and have eroded tops abruptly overlain by marine shales. These sandstones are superbly exposed in large cliffs on the banks of the South Fork of the Powder River in central Wyoming, USA. The deposits change upwards from thinly interbedded sandstones and mudstones to metre-thick heterolithic cross-strata and, finally, to metres-thick sandstone-dominated cross-strata. There is abundant evidence for tidal modulation of depositional flows; however, palaeocurrents were strongly ebb-dominated and nearly parallel the trend of sandstone-body elongation. Detailed mapping of stratal geometry and facies across these exposures shows a complex internal architecture. Large-scale bedding units within sandstone bodies are defined by alternations in facies, bed thickness and the abundance of shales. Such bedsets are inclined (5°–15°) in walls oriented parallel to palaeoflow and gradually decrease in dip over hundreds of metres as they extend from the sandstone-dominated deposits higher in a sandstone body to muddier deposits lower in the body. Where viewed perpendicular to palaeoflow, bedsets are 100-metre-wide lenses that shingle off the sandstone-body axis towards its margins. The sandstone bodies are interpreted as sand ridge deposits formed on the shoreface of a tide-influenced river delta. Metres-thick cross-strata in the upper parts of sandstone bodies resemble deposits of bars (sandwaves) formed where tidal currents moved across shallows and the tops of tidal ridges. Heterolithic deposits lower in sandstone bodies record fluctuating currents caused by ebb and flood tides and varying river discharge. Erosion surfaces capping sandstone bodies record tidal ravinement. The tidal ridges were abandoned following transgression and covered with marine mud as waters deepened.
Sweetening android lemon markets: measuring and combating malware in application marketplaces

Application marketplaces are the main software distribution mechanism for modern mobile devices but are also emerging as a viable alternative to brick-and-mortar stores for personal computers. While most application marketplaces require applications to be cryptographically signed by their developers, in Android marketplaces, self-signed certificates are common, thereby offering very limited authentication properties. As a result, there have been reports of malware being distributed through application "repackaging". We provide a quantitative assessment of this phenomenon by collecting 41,057 applications from 194 alternative Android application markets in October 2011, in addition to a sample of 35,423 applications from the official Android market, Google Play. We observe that certain alternative markets almost exclusively distribute repackaged applications containing malware. To remedy this situation we propose a simple verification protocol, and discuss a proof-of-concept implementation, AppIntegrity. AppIntegrity strengthens the authentication properties offered in application marketplaces, thereby making it more difficult for miscreants to repackage apps, while presenting very little computational or communication overhead, and being deployable without requiring significant changes to the Android platform.
“Non-thermal” ablation using focused ultrasound and an ultrasound contrast agent

The combination of focused ultrasound and an intravenously-injected microbubble ultrasound contrast agent offers the ability to reduce the power needed to ablate tissue, which is particularly important for targets in the brain since it can eliminate skull heating. When applied at a low duty cycle so that bulk tissue heating does not occur, the mechanical effects induced by inertial cavitation result in ablation via the destruction of blood vessels. This alternative method for tissue ablation may have advantages for the treatment of brain tumors.
Hybrid Control of Long-Endurance Aerial Robotic Vehicles for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an effective hybrid control approach for building stable wireless sensor networks between heterogeneous unmanned vehicles using long- endurance aerial robotic vehicles. For optimal deployment of the aerial vehicles in communication networks, a gradient climbing based self-estimating control algorithm is utilized to locate the aerial platforms to maintain maximum communication throughputs between distributed multiple nodes. The autonomous aerial robots, which function as communication relay nodes, extract and harvest thermal energy from the atmospheric environment to improve their flight endurance within specified communication coverage areas. The rapidly-deployable sensor networks with the high-endurance aerial vehicles can be used for various application areas including environment monitoring, surveillance, tracking, and decision-making support. Flight test and simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid control technique for robust communication networks.
Residential Location, Employment Location, and Commuter Responses to Parking Charges

The effect of parking prices on mode choice for urban work travel is investigated, controlling for access to transit and residential and employment location. The analysis uses a nested multinomial logit model and is based on travel-activity data from the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Parking prices are estimated to have a significant influence on commuters' mode choices. Parking prices are also found to have divergent impacts on commuters using different modes or living in different areas. Suburban transit users are more responsive to parking price changes than central city transit users. Persons ridesharing are less sensitive to parking prices than those who drive alone. For suburban residents, those driving alone and ridesharing to work are less sensitive to parking prices than are central city residents. Employment location plays an important role in mode choice; those working in suburban areas tend to drive more and use transit less. Increased transit service alone has a fairly small effect on transit use. Increasing parking price and improving transit service at the same time provides an effective means of reducing solo driving and increasing transit use.
Early life stress and the anxious brain: evidence for a neural mechanism linking childhood emotional maltreatment to anxiety in adulthood

BACKGROUND: Childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) increases the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder in adulthood, but the neural processes underlying conferment of this risk have not been established. Here, we test the potential for neuroimaging the adult brain to inform understanding of the mechanism linking CEM to adult anxiety symptoms. METHOD: One hundred eighty-two adults (148 females, 34 males) with a normal-to-clinical range of anxiety symptoms underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing an emotion-processing paradigm with facial expressions of fear, anger, and happiness. Participants completed self-report measures of CEM and current anxiety symptoms. Voxelwise mediation analyses on gray-matter volumes and activation to each emotion condition were used to identify candidate brain mechanisms relating CEM to anxiety in adulthood. RESULTS: During processing of fear and anger faces, greater amygdala and less right dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) activation partially mediated the positive relationship between CEM and anxiety symptoms. Greater right posterior insula activation to fear also partially mediated this relationship, as did greater ventral anterior cingulate (ACC) and less dorsal ACC activation to anger. Responses to happy faces in these regions did not mediate the CEM-anxiety relationship. Smaller right dlPFC gray-matter volumes also partially mediated the CEM-anxiety relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Activation patterns of the adult brain demonstrate the potential to inform mechanistic accounts of the CEM conferment of anxiety symptoms. RESULTS support the hypothesis that exaggerated limbic activation to negative valence facial emotions links CEM to anxiety symptoms, which may be consequent to a breakdown of cortical regulatory processes. Language: en
United States: Overview of Cancer Pain and Palliative Care

The growth of the palliative care movement in the United States will have enormous impact on pain specialty in terms of the increasing need for the skills of its professional work force and demand for improved symptom management from our sickest and most vulnerable patients. In this paper, we review the need for palliative care, recent developments in this new field and implications for specialists in pain management.
Discovering Motifs in Biological Sequences Using the Micron Automata Processor

Finding approximately conserved sequences, called motifs , across multiple DNA or protein sequences is an important problem in computational biology. In this paper, we consider the $(l,d)$ motif search problem of identifying one or more motifs of length $l$ present in at least $q$ of the $n$ given sequences, with each occurrence differing from the motif in at most $d$ substitutions. The problem is known to be NP-complete, and the largest solved instance reported to date is $(26,11)$ . We propose a novel algorithm for the $(l,d)$ motif search problem using streaming execution over a large set of non-deterministic finite automata (NFA). This solution is designed to take advantage of the micron automata processor, a new technology close to deployment that can simultaneously execute multiple NFA in parallel. We demonstrate the capability for solving much larger instances of the $(l,d)$ motif search problem using the resources available within a single automata processor board, by estimating run-times for problem instances $(39,18)$ and $(40,17)$ . The paper serves as a useful guide to solving problems using this new accelerator technology.
Effect of load shape on relationship between dissipated energy and residual excess pore pressure generation in cyclic triaxial tests

The energy dissipated in soil during cyclic loading can be used to predict the change in the pore-water pressure developed in the soil. To examine whether the energy required to cause liquefaction ...
Rules for anionic and radical ring closure of alkynes.

This work reexamined the stereoelectronic basis for the “favored attack trajectories” regarding the nucleophilic and radical cyclizations of alkynes. In contrast to the original Baldwin rules, the acute attack angle of a nucleophile leading to the proposed endo-dig preference for the formation of small cycles is less favorable stereoelectronically than the alternative obtuse trajectory leading to the formation of exo-dig products. For smaller cycles, this intrinsic stereoelectronic preference can be masked by the greater thermodynamic stability of the less strained endo-products. Unbiased comparison of competing cyclization attacks has been accomplished via dissection of the activation barrier into the intrinsic barrier and thermodynamic component via Marcus theory. Intrinsic barriers of thermoneutral reactions strongly favor exo-dig closures, in full accord with the greater magnitude of two-electron bond forming interactions for the obtuse trajectory. This analysis agrees very well with experimental obse...
Smartphone based Molecular Diagnostics

In this talk I will discuss our recent efforts towards integrating lab-on-chip technology with smartphone based systems. Scientific challenges as well as potential business opportunities will be discussed.
NEARSHORE BEHAVIOR OF BORE ON A UNIFORMLY SLOPING BEACH

Using the laser-induced fluorescent method, the detailed transition process from bore to run-up mode is clarified experimentally. The transition process is found to be different from the previous predictions, and might provide an explanation for the discrepancies of the run-up height between the theory and laboratory measurements. Turbulence generated in a bore appears to be highly three-dimensional and sporadic. Turbulence generated close to the shore is advected with the bore-front motion and violent turbulent actions result during the transition from bore to run-up mode.
Data Analysis System of Roadheader Status Monitoring Based on Data Mining Technology

A data analysis system of roadheader status monitoring was built by use of data mining technology.The system collects status parameters of mechanism system,hydraulic pressure system,electrical system and transmission system of roadheader through data collection system of roadheader status monitoring,sends the parameters to data analysis platform of roadheader status monitoring through Internet,and mines and analyzes the parameters by use of data mining technology on the data analysis platform.The system can realize functions of remote maintenance and fast fault location and processing,and updates analyzing experience base of working status data of roadheader,which provides knowledge experience support for fault processing of roadheader.
Visible Surface Determination

We are surrounded by objects of every size, shape, and color, but we don’t see all of them. Nearby objects tend to obscure parts of distant objects. The visibility problem, the problem of deciding which elements of a rendered scene are visible by a given observer, and which are hidden, has to be solved by any three-dimensional graphics program or software package.
Dynamic Spatial Pattern Recognition in Count Data

This study explores a Bayesian regression analysis for count data in the presence of spatial and temporal correlations. The contribution is to develop a regression model for count data that provides flexibility in modeling the complexity of zero-inflation, overdispersion, as well as spatial patterns in a dynamic manner. More importantly, it improves the computational efficiency via dimension reduction while handling the high-dimensional correlation structure in the data. The proposed model is applied to the survey data by the Northeast Fisheries Sciences Center (NEFSC) for estimation and prediction of the Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine—Georges Bank region. Both zero-inflated Poisson and negative binomial models are fitted. Model comparison shows the improvement in model fitting with consideration in the spatial-temporal correlation as well as the overdispersion in the count data.
Modeling and Measuring the Bullwhip Effect

The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon commonly observed in industry. It describes how the distortion of demand information in a supply chain amplifies demand variance as it moves from consumption point up the supply chain to layers of suppliers. The bullwhip effect has been a subject of intensive research activities. Researchers have tried to address questions such as: What causes the bullwhip effect? How would different types of demand signal processing in forecasting and replenishment decisions affect the bullwhip effect? Can we explain the magnitude of the bullwhip effect in terms of the characteristics of the product and the supply chain? What is the magnitude of the bullwhip effect in practice, how does it differ across industries and products, and how prevalent is the phenomenon? In this chapter, we review both theoretical and empirical research done to address these questions, as well as research done to identify important approaches and specifications that are necessary to correctly measure and evaluate the true extent of the bullwhip effect.
Photophysical Properties of Organoplatinum(II) Compounds and Derived Self-Assembled Metallacycles and Metallacages: Fluorescence and its Applications

ConspectusOver the past couple of decades, coordination-driven self-assembly has evolved as a broad multidisciplinary domain that not only covers the syntheses of aesthetically pleasing supramolecular architectures but also emerges as a method to form new optical materials, chemical sensors, theranostic agents, and compounds with light-harvesting and emissive properties. The majority of these applications depend upon investigations that reveal the photophysical nature and electronic structure of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), including two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages. As such, well-defined absorption and emission spectra are important for a given SCC to be used for sensing, bioimaging, and other applications with molecular fluorescence being an important component. In this Account, we summarize the photophysical properties of some bis(phosphine)organoplatinum(II) compounds and their discrete SCCs.The platinum(II) based organometallic precursors typ...
The effects of neuromodulation in a novel obese-prone rat model of detrusor underactivity.

Obesity is a global epidemic associated with an increased risk for lower urinary tract dysfunction. Inefficient voiding and urinary retention may arise in late-stage obesity when the expulsive forc...
Dynamic modulation of sociality and aggression: an examination of plasticity within endocrine and neuroendocrine systems.

Endocrine and neuroendocrine systems are key mediators of behavioural plasticity and allow for the ability to shift social behaviour across dynamic contexts. These systems operate across timescales, modulating both rapid responses to environmental changes and developmental plasticity in behavioural phenotypes. Thus, not only do endocrine systems mediate behavioural plasticity, but also the systems themselves exhibit plasticity in functional capabilities. This flexibility at both the mechanistic and behavioural levels can be crucial for reproduction and survival. Here, we discuss how plasticity in nonapeptide and steroid actions may influence the expression of, and allow rapid shifts between, sociality and aggression—behavioural shifts that can be particularly important for social interactions. Recent findings of overlap in the mechanisms that modulate social and aggressive behaviour suggest the potential for a mechanistic continuum between these behaviours. We briefly discuss the potential for a sociality–aggression continuum and novel techniques that will enable probing of the functional connectivity of social behaviours. From an evolutionary perspective, we suggest that plasticity in endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms of behaviour may be important targets of selection, and discuss the conditions under which we would predict selection to have resulted in differences in endocrine plasticity across species that differ in social organization. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
Psychoanalytic Understanding of the Origins of Sexual Violence

Childhood trauma is theorized to be the source of adult sexual violence. The psychological repercussions of such trauma and the ego options in dealing with its effects—ranging from the adaptive to ...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Hepatopathy: Metabolism Defects of Galactose, Fructose, and Tyrosine

The liver is one of the most essential organs in metabolism and is responsible for metabolizing a wide variety of molecules from amino acids to sugars. Although it is responsible for many essential metabolic processes, it is one of the most severely affected by metabolic disease because, in many cases, it is the first to be exposed to the toxic intermediates. The metabolism of galactose, fructose, and tyrosine involve the liver and although there are systemic findings in metabolic disease involved with these substrates, severe hepatopathy is a common presenting aspect of galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance, and tyrosinemia type I.
Rationale for routine collection of patient reported outcomes during integrative medicine consultation visits

Abstract Objectives Integrative medicine (IM) is whole-person care utilizing complementary health approaches to address numerous physical or emotional influences that can impact an individual’s health. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are subjective measures that quantify patients’ perception of their quality of life. While PRO measures have been routinely assessed in specific oncology clinics, our objective was to assess the ability and utility of routine collection of PRO measures in an IM clinic. Design/setting/main outcome Patients receiving a clinical consultation in an ambulatory IM clinic completed the PROMIS Global Health Form in the clinic waiting room. Results From November 2013 through October 2016, the PROMIS Global Health Form (PROMIS-10) was administered during 59% of IM provider consultation visits (7172/12,207), representing 3473 unique patients. Most patients were female (81%), White (93%), middle-aged (49.2; SD 15.4) and had commercial health insurance (66%). Baseline Mental (44.9; SD 9.1) and Physical Health (44.2; SD 8.6) scores were roughly 0.5 standard deviation below the national mean values (50; SD 10). Factors such as age, race and non-commercial insurance were associated with lower PROMIS-10 scores. Patients completing at least two PROMIS-10 questionnaires (n = 1541) exhibited increases of 2.3% and 2.8% from first to last PROMIS-10 assessment in Mental and Physical Heath scores respectively. Conclusions It is possible to routinely collect PRO measures in large IM clinic and longitudinal improvements in Mental and Physical Health scores were observed. Future research should focus on understanding how providers can utilize PRO results in real-time to improve patients’ clinical outcomes and potentially decrease healthcare utilization.
Distributed Localization of a Moving Target: Structural Observability-based Convergence Analysis

Due to its many applications in wireless sensor networks, localization of a moving target has received increasing attention. One popular class of localization schemes uses time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of some beacon signal detected by multiple agents in the network. However, much of the work on TDOA-based source localization in the literature adopts a centralized approach, where all measurements are sent to a reference agent which produces an estimate of the target's location. In this work, we use first observability principles to show that it is impossible to estimate the target's position with an insufficient number of TDOA measurements. Then, we argue that, by averaging the estimates of neighboring agents, each agent in the network can successfully estimate the source location if and only if every agent is part of a network that has a sufficient number of TDOA measurements, even if each agent has access to an insufficient number of measurements. A numerical example is provided to illustrate these results.
On Differences between Deterministic and Stochastic Models of Chemical Reactions: Schlögl Solved with ZI-Closure.

Deterministic and stochastic models of chemical reaction kinetics can give starkly different results when the deterministic model exhibits more than one stable solution. For example, in the stochastic Schlogl model, the bimodal stationary probability distribution collapses to a unimodal distribution when the system size increases, even for kinetic constant values that result in two distinct stable solutions in the deterministic Schlogl model. Using zero-information (ZI) closure scheme, an algorithm for solving chemical master equations, we compute stationary probability distributions for varying system sizes of the Schlogl model. With ZI-closure, system sizes can be studied that have been previously unattainable by stochastic simulation algorithms. We observe and quantify paradoxical discrepancies between stochastic and deterministic models and explain this behavior by postulating that the entropy of non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is maximum.
Placing Plato in the history of liberty

This paper explores and reevaluates the place of Plato in the history of liberty. In the first half, reevaluating the view that he invents a concept of ‘positive liberty’ in the Republic, I...
Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A reply to Mindthoff, Stephens, and Madhivanan.

We were given the opportunity to provide a reply to Mindthoff, Stephens, and Madhivanan,1 in which the authors used a meta-analysis we conducted2 to provide readers with guidance on how to critical...
REVERSE LUTEMBACHER: A RARE LATE COMPLICATION OF TRICUSPID VALVE REPLACEMENT

Tricuspid valve interventions are increasingly utilized. Prompt recognition of complications is crucial for treatment. A 53 year old woman with remote mechanical tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) and subsequent chronic moderate tricuspid stenosis (TS) presents with months of progressive dyspnea and
Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism after Extracranial Otologic Surgery.

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults undergoing otologic surgery.Study DesignCross-sectional retrospective study.SettingSingle tertiary academ...
The impact of maternal stress on infant alpha-amylase is buffered by high infant regulation and low infant negative reactivity

This study examined the main and interactive effects of maternal perceived stress and infant temperament-surgency, negative affectivity, and orienting/regulation-on infant salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) responses to stress. Saliva samples were collected prior to and following two naturalistic stressors: maternal separation conducted at 9 months and blood draw/immunizations conducted at 12 months. sAA area under the curve (AUC) was computed to determine response of the sympathetic nervous system to each stressor. Results revealed significant interactions of maternal stress and infant negative affectivity and orienting/regulation with sAA AUC. Relations between maternal stress and infant sAA AUC were stronger among infants with higher levels of negative affectivity and lower levels of orienting/regulation. These results highlight the need to examine both infant characteristics and environmental factors when investigating the development of stress response systems.
Visualizing Patterns in Pediatric and Adult Hospital Care

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to design a graphical tool for understanding and effectively communicating the complex differences between pediatric and adult hospital care systems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the most recent hospital administrative data sets for inpatient admission and emergency department visits from 7 US states (2014: Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York; 2011: California). Probabilities of care completion (Pcc) were calculated for pediatric ( RESULTS: On average, across the 7 states, 70.6% of all hospitals had Pcc >0.5 for more than half of all adult conditions, whereas 0.1 for half of pediatric conditions. Visualizations revealed wide variation among states with clearly apparent institutional dependencies and condition-specific gaps (full interactive versions are available at https://goo.gl/5t8vAw). CONCLUSIONS: The functional disparities between pediatric and adult hospital care systems are substantial, and condition-specific differences should be considered in reimbursement strategies, disaster planning, network adequacy determinations, and public health planning.
2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts.

The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese’s work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strate...