cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and Physical Health

Diet and nutrition are important determinants of health throughout the life course, and health is critical to quality of life. Food and nutrition, however, work with the other determinants of health of persons with intellectual disability and their families. Mindful of the holistic social context, this chapter reviews select nutrients while emphasizing the connection of the nutrients to foods and to a healthy eating pattern. Delicious, attractive and safe foods that meet the individuals’ cultural and personal preferences and health goals deliver the nutrients. This chapter discusses the macronutrients, select vitamins and minerals, their major functions, recommended intakes, and food sources, highlighting concepts that are relevant to the special needs of adults with intellectual disability. It includes diverse eating patterns as applications of the science of the nutrients to the art of meal planning.
START-NG: Delivering Seamless Parallel Computing

StarT-ng is a joint MIT-Motorola project to build a high-performance message passing machine from commercial systems. Each site of the machine consists of a PowerPC 620-based Motorola symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) running the AIX 4.1 operating system. Every processor is connected to a low-latency, high-bandwidth network that is directly accessible from user-level code. In addition to fast message passing capabilities, the machine has experimental support for cachecoherent shared memory across sites. When the machine requires memory to be kept globally coherent, one processor on each site is devoted to supporting shared memory. When globally coherent shared memory is not required, that processor can be used for normal computation tasks. StarT-ng will be delivered at about the time the base SMP is introduced into the marketplace. The ability to be both a collection of standard SMP and an aggressive message passing machine with coherent shared memory makes StarT-ng a good building block for incrementally expandable parallel machines.
On the temporal course of gap-filling during comprehension of verbal passives

The work presented in this paper examines the time course of antecedent reactivation following movement gaps found in passive sentences. Using a cross-modal lexical priming technique, (re) activation of the subject noun phrase (NP) was examined at various critical points following the verb (near the posited gap) for verbal passive sentences and for active (control) sentences. Subjects made lexical decisions to visual targets that were presented at three locations during auditory sentence comprehension: immediately after the matrix verb, 500 msec after the verb, or 1000 msec after the verb. Responses to targets related to the subject NP were faster than those to controls during passive sentences (gap sentences), but not during active sentences (no-gap sentences), thus indicating that reactivation of the matrix subject did occur in the passive cases. Furthermore, the magnitude of the priming increased with distance and time from the verb, going from a nonsignificant trend at the verb to a highly significant effect at 1000 msec following the verb. These results are discussed in terms of both formal and processing models of language.
An alternative approach in service quality: An e-banking case study

﻿To remain competitive in today's business climate, organizations must offer services that not only satisfy their customers, but delight them. SERVQUAL and other measures have been used in the past to measure and improve service quality in the US and Eu..
Studies in isobaric analog resonances: II. Fine structure

Abstract The properties of the fine structure observed in connection with isobaric analog resonances in the elastic scattering of protons are examined in terms of the damping mechanism for the analog state. The observed asymmetries of the strength function are shown to be associated with phase correlations between damping and escape amplitudes. Correlations of the necessary type will possibly result from the virtual coupling through the open channel between the analog states and the nearby compound-nucleus states of normal symmetry. A brief discussion of the possible role of doorway states in feeding the latter is also given.
Oxidative stabilization of acrylic fibres

When acrylic fibres are heat treated for various times at 220 to 250° C, they form dark, insoluble structures of uncertain chemical character which are inert to many strong oxidizing and reducing agents. The heat-treated fibres are, however, rapidly decoloured by warm alkaline hypochlorite solutions. When fibres which have undergone short-time heat treatment are subjected to the hypochlorite, incubation periods are observed before decolouration is noted; and a swollen acrylic network remains after decolouration is complete. The acrylic network is primarily unreacted precursor units save for a small amount of hydrolyzed material. The decoloured reaction is zero order, indicating a reaction at the surface. The rate of the decolouration reaction also increases with increasing duration of the stabilization heat treatment. In fibres which have undergone partial diffusion-controlled stabilization, a dark mantle surrounds a lightly coloured core. The rate of decolouration is unaffected as the decolouration interface passes from the mantle to the core, indicating that the decolouration reaction is not influenced by the occurance of any sequent reactions. The existence of the acrylic residue indicates that the prefatory reactions are continuing in both mantle and core during the course of stabilization.13C-NMR spectra of the acrylic residue show the same triad methine peak areas as those obtained on the untreated fibre; hence the stereoregularity of the nitrile groups has no influence on the rate of nitrile polymerization. The mechanisms of nitrile initiation and of decolouration are discussed. The residue obtained by sulphuric acid etch is different from that obtained by hypochlorite treatment. These results suggest that during the early-to-intermediate stages of stabilization, the fibre consists of interpenetrating networks of original material, i.e., fibre which has undergone only the prefatory reactions and fibre which has undergone the sequent reactions.
A Collaborative Decision Tree System for Designing a Sensory Diet Curriculum for Children with Autism in the Classroom Setting

This article is an account of how a research proposal is conceptualized and designed to investigate whether the addition of an integrated “sensory diet curriculum” at regular transition intervals throughout the school day would increase students' ability to profit from their educational experience for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. This procedural account identifies several important research benchmarks and serves as an example of how to make our “thinking” visible for others. The entire project was developed over a 2-year period, in part to provide a group of occupational therapy pre-professional students with a hands-on research experience. The students completed a small pilot study that contributed to the formation of a values-based decision tree model that respects full inclusion, team collaboration, parent participation, mentor-mentee relationships, and evidence-based practice.
Ab initio study of toroidal carbon nanotubes with encapsulated atomic metal loops

nite temperatures with novel paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties properties. Beyond applications that exploit the properties of independent rings, assemblies of such ferromagnetic tori might be expected to selfassemble into columnar structures with unusual macroscopic behavior. The electronic structure and mechanical stability of these robust atomic necklaces are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with the objective of establishing ground state geometries, binding energies and magnetic moments. At least four types of single-wall fullerene toroids have been considered since the idea was rst proposed fteen
Interactive loop-shaping design of MIMO controllers

It is shown that many classical and singular value loop shaping problems are closed-loop convex. Consequently, loop shaping problems can be solved by efficient numerical methods. In particular, it can be determined whether or not a compensator exists that satisfies a given set of loop shaping specifications. Loop shaping design problems that are formulated as classical optimization problems, e.g., maximizing bandwidth subject to given margin and cutoff specifications, can be solved by direct numerical methods for quasiconvex optimization. A consequence of these observations is that closed-loop convex design methods can be used to do compensator design in a classical loop shaping framework which is familiar to many control engineers. >
Platelet concentrate effects on thromboelastography.

Objective: This study evaluated platelet effects on thromboelastography to determine how morphologically abnormal platelets affected native whole blood analysis. Design: Prospective, controlled comparison. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Participants: Volunteer cardiac surgery patients. Interventions: Fresh platelets were obtained from volunteers and were either treated normally or cryodisrupted with liquid nitrogen. Fresh platelets, liquid nitrogen-treated platelets, or an equivalent quantity of the patient's blood were added to whole blood samples obtained from cardiac surgery patients before heparinization. Thromboelastographic parameters sensitive to platelet effects were measured in each of the three groups. Measurements andMainResults: Maximum amplitude and a-angle significantly increased in the two groups receiving added platelets. There were no differences between the fresh platelet and the liquid nitrogen-treated platelet groups (Student's paired t-test). The R-time decreased significantly in both platelet-treated groups compared with the group that did not receive additional platelets. Conclusions: Viscoelastic changes in whole blood coagulation after the addition of platelet concentrates are not dependent on morphologically intact or functionally normal platelets. This in vitro study predicts that transfusion of poorly preserved platelet concentrates as well as fresh platelets would increase clot strength on thromboelastography if the recipient's blood were tested immediately after administration.
Impacts of a recurrent resuspension event and variable phytoplankton community composition on remote sensing reflectance

[1] In order to characterize the impact of turbidity plumes on optical and biological dynamics, a suite of environmental parameters were measured in southern Lake Michigan during the springtime recurrent sediment plume. In-water measurements of inherent optical properties (IOPs) were entered into the Hydrolight 4.2 radiative transfer model and the output was compared with measured apparent optical properties (AOPs) across a wide range of optical conditions. Hydrolight output and measured underwater light fields were then used to clarify the effects of the sediment plume on primary production, phytoplankton community composition, and nearshore remote sensing ocean color algorithms. Our results show that the sediment plume had a negligible effect on the spectral light environment and phytoplankton physiology. The plume did not significantly alter the spectral quality of available light and did not lead to light limited phytoplankton populations compared to non-plume conditions. Further, the suspended sediment in the plume did not seriously impact the performance of ocean color algorithms. We evaluated several currently employed chlorophyll algorithms and demonstrated that the main factor compromising the efficacy of these algorithms was the composition of phytoplankton populations. As phycobilin-containing algae became the dominant species, chlorophyll algorithms that use traditional blue/green reflectance ratios were compromised due to the high absorption of green light by phycobilin pigments. This is a notable difficulty in coastal areas, which have highly variable phytoplankton composition and are often dominated by sharp fronts of phycobilin and non-phycobilin containing algae.
Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions.

Abstract Even-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded in an auditory selective attention task in control subjects and two groups of patients with lesions centered in (1) the temporal/parietal junction (T/P, n = 9); and (2) the inferior parietal lobe (IPL, n = 7). High pitched tones were presented to one ear and low pitched tones to the other in random sequences that included infrequent longer-duration tones and occasional novel sounds. Subjects attended to a specified ear and pressed a button to the longer-duration tones in that ear. IPL and T/P lesions slowed reaction times (RTs) and increased error rates, but improved one aspect of performance — patients showed less distraction than controls when targets followed novel sounds. T/P lesions reduced the amplitude of early sensory ERPs, initially over the damaged hemisphere (N1a, 70–110 ms) and then bilaterally (N1b, 110–130 ms, and N1c 130–160 ms). The reduction was accentuated for tones presented contralateral to the lesion, suggesting that N1 generators receive excitatory input primarily from the contralateral ear. IPL lesions reduced N1 amplitudes to both low frequency tones and novel sounds. Nd components associated with attentional selection were diminished over both hemispheres in the T/P group and over the lesioned hemisphere in the IPL group independent of ear of stimulation. Target and novel N2s tended to be diminished by IPL lesions but were unaffected by T/P lesions. The mismatch negativity was unaffected by either T/P or IPL lesions. The results support different roles of T/P and IPL cortex in auditory selective attention.
Fourier Analysis of Uniform Random Number Generators

A method of analysis of uniform random number generators is developed, applicable to almost all practical methods of generation. The method is that of Fourier analysis of the output sequences of such generators. With this tool it is possible to understand and predict relevant statistical properties of such generators and compare and evaluate such methods. Many such analyses and comparisons have been carried out. The performance of these methods as implemented on differing computers is also studied. The main practical conclusions of the study are: (a) Such a priori analysis and prediction of statistical behavior of uniform random number generators is feasible. (b) The commonly used multiplicative congruence method of generation is satisfactory with careful choice of the multiplier for computers with an adequate (≥ ∼ 35-bit) word length. (c) Further work may be necessary on generators to be used on machines of shorter word length.
Surface studies with (clean) supported metal particles and clusters

Small particles are ideal for combined studies with surface analytical and electron microscopy/diffraction methods. In this way crystallography, microstructure, morphology, physical stability, and electronic structure can be correlated directly with chemical reactivity. Various integrated experimental approaches for conducting model studies with UHV-evaporated particles have been successfully developed; they entail the use of TPD, AES, XPS, and work function measurements on one hand and standard TEM/TED, in-situ TEM/TED, and in-situ STED/TEM techniques on the other hand. The essential features of four particular experimental approaches are discussed and a selection of representative results is presented to illustrate the potential usefulness of such studies in the field of catalysis.
Quantum nucleation of vorticity

Abstract It is shown that an instability toward quantum nucleation of vorticity is a general property of a superfluid field theory, and that this instability contributes to the existence of an intrinsic critical velocity. Using a duality transformation on the acoustic Nambu-Goldstone boson sector, it is shown that the instability is analogous to the creation of charged particle/antiparticle pairs in a strong background electric field. The connection with Ginzburg-Landau theory is made, and it is argued that many of the low temperature properties of 4He can be found in this simple model. A question about Galilean invariance is answered.
Note on magnitude of a money reinforcer in a concurrent schedule of reinforcement.

S~mzmary.-3 male high-school students participated in an experiment designed to derermine the effects of the magnitude of a monetary reinforcer on human behavior in a complex situation. A two-key concurrent schedule of reinforcement was used with drl as one component and either FI or VI as the second component. It was demonstrated that increasing the reinforcement magnitude for the drl schedule produced a small transient increase in the rate of responding on the FI or V1 components, even though the magnitude of reinforcement remained constant for these components. Keesey and Kling (1961) found a transient effect of the magnitude of a reinforcer on a simple VI with pigeons. Catania (1963) reported a sustained effect of the magnitude of a reinforcer on a concurrent VIVI also using pigeons. Thus, it would be interesting to see if manipulations of magnitude of a monetary reinforcement resulted in changes in people's performance. Three Ss were currently demonstrating stable performance maintained on a Conc VI drl in this laboratory. This baseline was used to rest for the magnitude of reinforcement effects. Three male high-school students, 17 yr. of age, were hired to work one session per day for a period of 2 hr., two to four sessions per week. It was explained to each S that his pay depended upon how he performed during any particular session. Ss were paid immediately following each session. Prior to chis experiment these Ss had had between 20 and 30 hr. experience with concurrent schedules in the experimental situation, working with VI, FI, and drl schedule components. The apparatus was described to Ss only in terms of its operations. They were told that they could earn money by pressing the buttons and that the lighc cell above each response button referred to that button only. The operation of the start and time-out butcons and the method by which reinforcement would be presented were described in detail. (These operations are given in detail in the apparatus section. )
Generalized Lehmer-Tausworthe random number generators

We study a general class of random number generators which includes Lehmer's congruential generator and the Tausworthe shift-register generator as special cases. The generators in this class use a general linear recurrence relation defined by a primitive polynomial over a large finite field. This generator, like the Tausworthe generator, has the property of the k-space equi-distribution. We give some theoretical and heuristic justification for its asymptotic uniformity as well as asymptotic independence from a statistical theory viewpoint. In this paper, we also propose an efficient method of finding primitive polynomials in a large finite field. Several generators with extremely long cycles are presented.
Thermoelectric properties and impedance spectroscopy of polycrystalline samples of the beta-gallia rutile intergrowth, (Ga,In)4(Sn,Ti)5O16

Abstract Polycrystalline samples of Ga3In(Sn1−yTiy)5O16, y≤0.3 were prepared by solid-state synthesis and characterized to determine their optical properties, thermoelectric properties and electrical impedance. Using diffuse reflectance data and assuming a direct band gap, the band gap of the material ranges from 3.58 eV for y=0 to 3.74 eV for y=0.2. The dc conductivity decreased with increasing Ti content and was thermally activated, ranging from ≤10−5 S/cm at 300 °C to 0.03 S/cm at 1000 °C for Ga3InSn5O16. The Seebeck coefficient was negative indicating n-type conduction. The activation energies for dc conduction and thermopower were similar, ranging from 1.4±0.1 eV for y=0 to 1.8±0.2 eV for y=0.2, suggesting band conduction. The thermal conductivity of Ga3InSn5O16 ranged from 1.1 W/m K at 500 oC to 0.75 W/m K at 800 °C. The highest figure of merit measured was 2×10−4 at ∼900 °C, which is much lower than desired for thermoelectric materials. A comparison of dc conductivity and impedance data indicated a substantial ionic contribution for samples containing titanium.
A Shelflife Evaluation of an Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate Package for Use with Hot Filled Apple Juice

A year long storage study was undertaken to evaluate an oriented polyethylene terephthalate (OPET) container for use with hot filled juice. Freshly made juice as well as single strength juice reconstituted from commercial apple juice concentrate were evaluated. The results indicated that the oxidation of the juice by way of oxygen permeation through the OPET barrier was slow enough to allow for a satisfactory shelf life as compared to glass-packaged samples over a 6–9 month period. Surface-to-volume effects did not become significant until late in the study. Difference and preference tests were used to establish shelflife comparison between OPET packages and glass-packaged products.
Parental alcoholism and other family disruptions : Adult outcomes among sisters

Adult outcomes were investigated in 14 pairs of African-American and white daughters of alcoholic parents. On the basis of four outcome factors, subjects were divided into three sister-pair categories: well-adjusted, impaired, and mixed. Interviews and standardized questionnaires showed that family-of-origin variables contributing to the impaired adult outcomes included parental psychiatric problems and childhood abuse or neglect.
Photostationary and transient studies of the phosphorescence from the benzil-anisole system. Direct evidence for reversible exciplex formation

Abstract Photostationary (quantum yields) and transient (emission decays) studies of the benzil phosphorescence in cyclohexane in the presence of anisole indicate reversible exciplex formation (E) between the benzil triplet (3B*) and anisole with radiative decay occurring from E as well as 3B*. Values of kinetic parameters independently derived from the two experiments agree within
A review of techniques for polishing and planarizing chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and substrates

Abstract State-of-the-art polycrystalline chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and substrates have rough surfaces and non-uniform thicknesses which can adversely affect their application. Polishing and planarization can be used to remedy these drawbacks. In recent years, many polishing and planarization techniques have been reported, each having technological advantages and disadvantages. A specific polishing technique should be chosen based on these advantages and disadvantages, depending on the particular CVD diamond film application. Polishing and planarization techniques are reviewed in this paper. Parameters considered include polishing rate, surface finish requirements, and economic impact. To aid in the understanding and evaluation of diamond polishing techniques for applications, polishing mechanisms are also reviewed. Finally, CVD diamond applications and their surface roughness requirements are presented.
Seed Production of White Clover Cultivars and Naturalized Populations when Grown in a Pasture

Small-type white clover, Trifolium repens L., plants predominate in most closely grazed pastures in the southeastern USA. The role of relative seed production in stand persistence of white clover types in pastures has not been quantified. This study compared the relative seed production of seven small-type naturalized populations with that of seven large-type white clover cultivars and germplasms in a pasture. All entries were space-planted into plots in a common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture at Mississippi State, MS, on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult) in fall 1995 and 1996, and grazed with cattle prior to flowering and seed production. All naturalized populations averaged about three times as many flowers and seed-bearing flowers as all cultivars other than Louisiana S-1' each year. Flower production differences were consistent throughout the study, though maximum flower production for naturalized populations was earlier in the season than cultivars. Seed production differences were similar to flower production, as cultivars averaged only 27 to 43% as much seed as naturalized populations. The low growth stature and excessive seed production of naturalized populations enable them to tolerate close continuous grazing and have a greater opportunity to reseed in pastures than common large-type cultivars. This reseeding potential probably contributes to the domination of small-type white clover in closely grazed pastures of the southeastern USA.
Gastritis cystica polyposa. (Gastric mucosal prolapse at gastroenterostomy site, with cystic and infiltrative epithelial hyperplasia)

This report of a 47-year-old man documents gastritis cystica polyposa which occurred at a gastroenteric anastomosis, at least 18 years after surgery for peptic ulcer disease. The lesion produced clinical symptoms of obstruction by its large size and prolapse through the anastomosis. It was histologically microcystic and infiltrative, but benign cytologically, and did not recur within 5 years of resection. Similarities to the infiltrative reactive lesion of colon, colitis cystic profunda, are noted.
Trends in Serious Juvenile Crime

Throughout the past decade, serious juvenile crime has been the focus of considerable attention by legislators, law enforcement personnel, academic criminologists, media, and the public. Despite this attention, however, misunderstanding, misperception, and confusion still exist and, in some instances, seem to dominate both research and public policy. Utilizing National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data as an alternative to official and self-report data, this analysis focuses on the patterns of juvenile offending in serious personal crimes from 1973 to 1980. The NCS data do not support the contention that serious juvenile crime has risen dramatically over the last 8 years. Moreover, the types of personal crimes committed by juveniles has not changed substantially over the 1973 to 1980 period. To the extent that recent legislation calling for more severe handling of juvenile offenders is based on substantial upswings in juvenile crime in recent years or changes in the types of crimes committed by juveni...
Fatigue crack growth under anti-plane shear mode deformation

Abstract In this paper, the theory of the steady growth of fatigue crack in an infinite medium under the periodic anti-plane remote shear loading has been examined. The criterion of accumulative plastic work for material failure associated with the slip displacement in the fracture process zone of Dugdale type ahead of the crack tip is employed in the analysis. The effect of the locked dislocation in the fracture process zone is considered. Under the assumption that the speed of fatigue crack propagation remains uniform through the fracture process zone, the steady speed of fatigue crack can be expressed as a function of the range of the applied shearing stress and the maximum shearing stress. The effect of the crack size on the fatigue crack speed is discussed. The effect of the finite width of specimen on the speed of fatigue crack speed is investigated. The differences between the present work and the previous studies on fatigue crack speed are discussed.
Designing visible engineering: supporting tinkering performances in museums

Interactive technologies like multi-touch tables enable museum exhibit designers to support visitors' learning with a wide range of resources (from multimedia to dynamic feedback to the presence of other visitors). Designers must decide, though, how best to align the affordances of these resources with the learning activities they are trying to support [23]. This work examines a multi-touch table exhibit designed to support an activity, tinkering, which has been identified as a form of interaction that may offer special benefits to novices learning about engineering [e.g., 4]. When a learner is tinkering, he or she is engaged in a process of iterative adjustment to a constructed artifact, making use of "just in time" resources and feedback to guide the next steps in their exploration of the problem space. The exhibit studied in this work provided several resources for supporting tinkering, and this paper presents a detailed case showing how these different resources (some technical, some social, and some sociotechnical) were or were not used by learners. A key design goal we identified was the need to transform the tacit engineering practices of visitors into visible engineering performances, such that those performances could serve as "cultural tools" [35] for mediating the learning of other visitors.
Focus on Diagnosis

In this issue of JOSPT, we have included a collection of commentaries that focus on the issue of diagnosis in physical therapy. The idea to create the collection was precipitated by Nancy Zimny's submission of her manuscript entitled “Diagnostic Classification and Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Practice: What We Can Learn from Medicine.” Because she makes a number of potentially provocative points, we decided to take advantage of the opportunity to reignite the discussion about diagnosis in physical therapy. We chose to do so by inviting 3 distinguished members of our profession to write commentaries on her article. Dr. Peter O'Sullivan, Dr. Marilyn Moffat, and Dr. Anthony Delitto all graciously accepted our invitation and, as expected, each of them has provided a unique perspective. The author's response to the collection of commentaries provides yet another perspective. Our hope is that each of you will find at least 1 point to discuss further with your colleagues and keep the conversation going. J Orthop...
Dipeptidyl peptidase II of bovine dental pulp. Initial demonstration and characterization as a fibroblastic, lysosomal peptidase of the serine class active on collagen-related peptides

Abstract Dipeptidyl peptidase II (dipeptidylpeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.2), previously known as dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II, was shown to be present in relatively high concentrations in bovine dental pulp. Based on the DNA content of tissue homogenates, the fibroblasts of this connective tissue appeared to contain more dipeptidyl peptidase II than the cells of lysosome-rich tissues such as bovine spleen and rat liver. The newly-recognized properties of dipeptidyl peptidase II, from both pulp and pituitary sources, included a marked propensity for hydrolyzing prolyl bonds at acidic pH. Lys-Pro-2-NNap and Lys-Pro-2(4-methoxy)naphthylamide (designed for cytochemical application) were hydrolyzed at rates equal to that of Lys-Ala-2-NNap. The impure pulp enzyme and the authentic pituitary enzyme showed comparable relative rates of hydrolysis on a variety of fluorogenic substrates with the general structure X-Pro-2-NNap ( X = Lys, Arg, Phe, Ala or Gly ), and on a variety of collagen-related tripeptides represented by X-Pro-Ala ( X = Gly, Ala or Lys ). The highest rates were obtained on Lys-Ala-Ala and Lys-Ala-Pro. The pH optima for the hydrolysis of the 2-naphthylamide derivatives varied from 5.0 to 5.7, and for tripeptides from 4.2 to 5.3. In all cases the N-terminal dipeptide was released intact. Although previously unrecognized as a serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase II (of pulp and pituitary origin) was strongly inhibited by (1 mM) diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, p- nitrophenyl -p′- guanidinobenzoate , and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The enzyme, from both sources, was fully inhibited by 0.1 mM Lys-Ala chloromethyl ketone, a newly-designed, active-site-directed inhibitor. The numerous properties shared by the putative dipeptidyl peptidase II of bovine dental pulp and an authentic preparation of the bovine pituitary enzyme provided strong support for their having a common identity.
The dual biosynthetic capability of N-acetylornithine aminotransferase in arginine and lysine biosynthesis.

The genes encoding the seven enzymes needed to synthesize l-lysine from aspartate semialdehyde and pyruvate have been identified in a number of bacterial genera, with the single exception of the dapC gene encoding the PLP-dependent N-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelate:α-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (DapATase). Purification of E. coli DapATase allowed the determination of both the amino-terminal 26 amino acids and a tryptic peptide fragment. Sequence analysis identified both of these sequences as being identical to corresponding sequences from the PLP-dependent E. coli argD-encoded N-acetylornithine aminotransferase (NAcOATase). This enzyme performs a similar reaction to that of DapATase, catalyzing the N-acetylornithine-dependent transamination of α-ketoglutarate. PCR cloning of the argD gene from genomic E. coli DNA, expression, and purification yielded homogeneous E. coli NAcOATase. This enzyme exhibits both NAcOATase and DapATase activity, with similar specificity constants for N-acetylornithine and N-succ...
Spectroscopy of alkali atoms and molecules attached to liquid He clusters

Large helium clusters, ranging in size from a few hundred to several thousand atoms, are produced in a nozzle expansion. Combining this source with a pick-up scattering cell in which the clusters can be seeded with chromophores allows us to probe the influence of the helium environment on the atoms and molecules attached to the clusters. Using an alkali as chromophore we recorded laser induced fluorescence spectra of Na atoms and molecules attached to helium clusters. Apart from the spectrum of the Na monomer, we have found spectroscopic bands which can unambiguous be assigned to two bound Na atoms. The first of this bands is due to 11 ∑ μ + (A) ← 11 ∑ + (X) excitations of the covalently bound singlet Na2 molecule while the second is due to 13 ∑ + ← 13 ∑ + excitations for the van der Waals bound triplet Na2 dimer. Both bands have been vibrationally resolved. Furthermore we found very large fluorescence intensities in the region 605–635 nm which are likely due to the excitation of a species containing three Na atoms attached to a helium cluster.
Dual electrospray ion source for electron-transfer dissociation on a hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer.

A dual electrospray ionization source (ESI) has been modified to simultaneously produce cations and anions, one from each emitter, for performing rapid electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) ion/ion reactions on a hybrid linear ion trap−orbitrap mass spectrometer. Unlike the pulsed dual ESI sources that were used to generate ETD reagent ions, this source separates the emitters in space, rather than time, by physically switching which one is in front of the atmospheric inlet. The new arrangement allows for substantially enhanced spray stability and decreased switching times (≤30 ms), allowing for more tandem-MS spectra per unit time. Herein, we demonstrate the stability of the ETD anion population and the ability to identify several c- and z-type product ions from multiply protonated peptide cations.
Equivalent Hamiltonians in Scattering Theory

This paper is a contribution to the discussion of the question: to what extent does the scattering matrix determine the Hamiltonian? The Hamiltonians considered are nonrelativistic, but in extension of previous studies, "nonlocal" potentials and many-body potentials are allowed. A large class of unitary transformations is found which produce Hamiltonians leading to the same $S$ matrix. In the last section, it is shown that this equivalence is only a special consequence of the general axiomatic formulation of scattering in field theory.
Real-Time Polling Technology in a Public Opinion Course

M any instructors face challenges in engaging students in lecture courses. In the fall of 2004, we incorporated innovative, real-time polling technology into an upper-division political science course on Public Opinion. The polling technology channeled students’ technological savvy in the service of several pedagogical goals. The technology increased student engagement and reinforced the substance of the course material. It also provided students with topically relevant experiences in answering survey questions and allowed students to feel more comfortable in expressing their opinions during discussions. In addition to the administration of standard survey questions, the technology can be used to expose students to experimental manipulations ~pertaining, for example, to studies of framing and persuasion!, to conduct campaign simulations, to demonstrate properties of social choice preferences and electoral laws, and to reinforce material in several types of courses, including formal theory and statistical research design courses.
Rapid determination of actinides in asphalt samples

A new rapid method for the determination of actinides in asphalt samples has been developed that can be used in emergency response situations or for routine analysis. If a radiological dispersive device, improvised nuclear device or a nuclear accident such as the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in March, 2011 occurs, there will be an urgent need for rapid analyses of many different environmental matrices, including asphalt materials, to support dose mitigation and environmental clean-up. The new method for the determination of actinides in asphalt utilizes a rapid furnace step to destroy bitumen and organics present in the asphalt and sodium hydroxide fusion to digest the remaining sample. Sample preconcentration steps are used to collect the actinides and a new stacked TRU Resin + DGA Resin column method is employed to separate the actinide isotopes in the asphalt samples. The TRU Resin plus DGA Resin separation approach, which allows sequential separation of plutonium, uranium, americium and curium isotopes in asphalt samples, can be applied to soil samples as well.
Lipase modified for solubility in organic solvents.

Les proteines modifiees par le PEG sont par immunogenes et ont une duree de vie allongee. Un agent de couplage, le chlorure de cyanogene est utilise, fixant ainsi sur la lipase de Candida rugosa, des molecules de PEG de longueur differente. Les proprietes (solubilite, stabilite, selectivite) et les activites des proteines modifiees sont comparees a celles de la lipase native
Unmet needs for help among persons with AIDS

Current trends in AIDS care in the United States, including dehospitalization and improved outpatient treatment, may place many persons with AIDS (PWAs) at increased risk for having unmet need for help with daily living demands. Using interviews with 224 PWAs, we examined the prevalence and correlates of unmet need for assistance across six functional domains: personal care, instrumental activities of daily living (e.g. home chores, using transportation), social functioning, role performance, taking care of one's health and negotiating systems. Overall, 74.1% of respondents reported having either a partially or completely unmet need for help in one or more areas of functioning. Unmet need for help was highest for instrumental activities of daily living (46.4%). Unmet need was associated with illness severity (i.e. more symptoms and hospitalizations), minority status and support network characteristics (proximity, size and type of supporters). Implications of unmet needs data for improving the clinical care of PWAs are discussed.
Human Red Blood Cells: Prostaglandin E2, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol Alter Deformability

The human red blood cell responds to prostaglandin E(2), epinephrine, and isoproterenol with a decrease in deformability. The maximum decrease is brought about by 10(-10)M prostaglandin E(2), 10(-9)M epinephrine, or 10(-7)M isoproterenol. The dose response curve is biphasic. The sensitivity of the red cell to prostaglandin suggests that this cell may be a primary target for prostaglandin action. These changes in response to vasoactive substances indicate that the red cell must be considered an active element in circulatory control.
Setting Priorities: Organizational Change at a Federal Civil Rights Agency

In 1995, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was drowning in an ever rising tide of aging charges of discrimination, and its litigation program was treading water in a sea of relatively insignificant lawsuits. The agency's stakeholders—employers and the civil rights community—normally have diametrically opposed positions on most issues, but they were in full agreement about one thing: The EEOC's credibility as a law enforcement agency was crippled. The agency took far too long to investigate charges, and very few of the lawsuits it filed involved matters of public importance. As a result, the agency had little deterrent effect on discriminatory behavior. Some of this was a result of budget and staffing shortages, and some was caused by Commission policies. Whatever the causes, the Commission has made dramatic reforms since 1995, though much work remains to be done to fulfill its mission. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Netsolve: Interactive software for network optimization

Netsolve is an interactive software package for network manipulation and optimization. It provides an integrated environment for creating and editing networks as well as applying a variety of network optimization algorithms (e.g., shortest path, minimum spanning tree, minimum cost flow, matching, assignment, and transportation). Because the majority of work in carrying out network analyses is typically consumed by entering, verifying and modifying the network, a number of editing and listing features have been included in the package
Modulation of microsomal activity by potential chemopreventive agents of plant origin

Ten compounds with potential chemopreventive activity were studied to determine their effects on microsomal mixed-function oxidase and epoxide hydratase activity. In these studies, the highest nontoxic concentration of each compound was incubated with 1 mg rat liver microsomal protein and either [H3]benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide or [H3]benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the metabolites was used to determine the ratio of metabolites to unmetabolized parent compound and then compared with control samples. Three of the ten compounds affected epoxide hydratase activity. Capsaicin inhibited; whereas, catechin and esculetin enhanced EH activity. Seven of the compounds tested inhibited microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. In order of potency, these seven compounds were tannic acid, d-limonene, capsaicin, ellagic acid, propyl gallate, esculetin and catechin. Since the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic action of many chemicals is dependent upon the metabolic activity of microsomal mixed-function oxidase and epoxide hydrase, the modulation of this activity by these chemicals provides further evidence in support of their potential chemopreventive properties.
The analysis of the evolution of particle size distribution during microstructural change

The concept of the growth path envelope is introduced and combined with that of the rate of change of the number of particles to provide a detailed description of the dynamics of microstructural change in particulate systems. A graphical method is presented, which permits the determination of the nucleation rate and growth path envelope from quantitative measurements of the variation of the particle size distribution during the process. A straightforward mathematical relationship between the size distribution function at any time, nv(R,t), and the nucleation rate, N(Τ) and growth path envelope is derived: nv(R,t) = N(Τ)/G(R,Τ where Τ is the nucleation time for particles that grow to size R at time t, and G(R,Τ) is a properly evaluated growth rate for these particles. It is shown that this equation provides a basis for constructing models of the dynamics of microstructural change in geometrically complex systems.
How Equity and Inequity Can Emerge in Pair Programming

Research suggests that pair programming increases student performance and decreases student attrition. However, less is known about the ways in which pair programming can unintentionally lead to inequitable relationships between students. Audio data were collected from pair programming interactions in a sixth-grade computer science enrichment program designed to promote equity. However, even in this context, there were surprising instances of inequity. We measured inequity by documenting the distribution of students' questions, commands, and total talk within four pairs. Analysis revealed that less equitable pairs sought to complete tasks quickly and this may have led to patterns of marginalization and domination. Notably, this focus on speed was not evident in the more equitable pairs. These findings are important for understanding mechanisms of inequity and designing equitable collaboration practices in computer science.
Interactive versus stand-alone group decision support systems for stakeholder identification and assumption surfacing in small groups

Abstract As we begin to see evidence that Group Decision Support Systems can be beneficial, it becomes increasingly important to investigate the effect of different GDSS designs on decision making processes. This study investigated the effect of a GDSS based on the Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing model for strategic planning impact analysis. A controlled laboratory experiment compared the results of 4-person groups that had either Stand-Alone GDSS support (one personal computer per group) or Interactive GDSS support (4 networked personal computers per group). Measures were taken on decision outcomes (quality, time and satisfaction with the outcomes) and decision process variables (quantity of unique alternatives, distribution of individual participation, and satisfaction with the process). We found that the interactive GDSS groups generated a higher number of unique ideas and had more even participation rates. However they were less satisfied with both the process and the outcomes. We also found no significant difference between the groups in terms of decision quality and decision time.
Taxonomic structure of Phytophthora cryptogea and P. drechsleri based on isozyme and mitochondrial DNA analyses.

Intra- and interspecific isozyme variation was evaluated for 123 isolates assigned to either Phytophthora cryptogea or P. drechsleri , and compared with that of 15 isolates of P. erythroseptica and 11 isolates of P. lateralis . Isolates of P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri were from worldwide sources and displayed a high degree of variability. The majority of these isolates were subsequently divided into ten distinct groups based on numerical analysis of 24 putative enzyme loci. None of the enzyme loci were monomorphic for all ten groups. Analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of selected isolates from each isozyme group supported the isozyme data. Differences in morphological features of the ten isozyme groups of P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri were not sufficiently distinct to readily distinguish between them. Isozyme analysis of P. erythroseptica revealed that it is a uniform and distinct taxon. The isolates of P. lateralis also formed a homogeneous and discrete group. An interspecific comparison revealed that the variation among the ten isozyme groups of P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri was as great as that observed among P. cinnamomi, P. cambivora, P. lateralis, P. erythroseptica and P. richardiae . The combined results of isozyme and mtDNA analysis indicate that there are at least seven distinct molecular species represented by the 123 isolates of P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri evaluated in this study.