cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Self-Consistent Bathymetric Mapping Algorithm

The achievable accuracy of bathymetric mapping in the deep ocean using robotic systems is most often limited by the available guidance or navigation information used to combine the measured sonar ranges during the map making process. This paper presents an algorithm designed to mitigate the affects of poor ground referenced navigation by applying the principles of map registration and pose filtering commonly used in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. The goal of the algorithm is to produce a self-consistent point cloud representation of the bottom terrain with errors that are on a scale similar to the sonar range resolution rather than any direct positioning measurement. The presented algorithm operates causally and utilizes sensor data that are common to instrumented underwater robotic vehicles used for mapping and scientific explorations. Real world results are shown for data taken on several expeditions with the JASON remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Comparisons are made between more standard mapping approaches and the proposed method is shown to significantly improve the map quality and reveal scene information that would have otherwise been obscured due to poor direct navigation information. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complexities of gammaherpesvirus transcription revealed by microarrays and RNAseq.

Technological advances in genome-wide transcript analysis, referred to as the transcriptome, using microarrays and deep RNA sequencing methodologies are rapidly extending our understanding of the genetic content of the gammaherpesviruses (γHVs). These vast transcript analyses continue to uncover the complexity of coding transcripts due to alternative splicing, translation initiation and termination, as well as regulatory RNAs of the γHVs. A full assessment of the transcriptome requires that our analysis be extended to the virion and exosomes of infected cells since viral and host mRNAs, miRNAs, and other noncoding RNAs seem purposefully incorporated to exert function upon delivery to naive cells. Understanding the regulation, biogenesis and function of the recently discovered transcripts will extend beyond pathogenesis and oncogenic events to offer key insights for basic RNA processes of the cell.
Controlled-environment XRD study of CuZnO related to activity in methanol decomposition

Abstract Cu ZnO catalysts of different compositions and pretreated under different conditions were studied for methanol decomposition. The structural evolution of the catalyst precursors during pretreatment was monitored by controlled-environment X-ray diffraction (XRD). The catalyst activity is affected by the calcination temperature. High-temperature calcination causes a decrease in the activity. The onset temperature for a significant reduction of the catalyst activity depends on the composition and decreases with increasing Cu composition. XRD studies showed that the catalyst precursors decompose to CuO and ZnO during calcination in air. The onset temperature for the formation of crystalline CuO phase also depends on the composition and decreases with increasing Cu composition. The formation of crystalline CuO species in calcination leads to a metallic Cu phase of low dispersion after subsequent hydrogen reduction. It is believed that Cu is the active species. Thus, the catalyst activity can be related to a phase transition during the pretreatment. The catalyst composition determines the maximum calcination temperature, above which a significant loss in activity in methanol decomposition occurs.
Encounters with the OPAC: on-line searching in public libraries

This article reports on a qualitative study exploring: (1) strategies and behaviors of public library users during interaction with an on-line public access catalog; and (2) users' confidence in finding needed information on-line. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were employed to gather data from 32 public library users. The results found search behaviors, confidence, and other feelings varied, based on three types of searches: unknown-item searches, area searches, and known-item searches. Term generation was the most important factor in unknown-item search strategies. Speed and convenience played a role in area searches, and simplicity characterized known-item searches. Of the three types, unknown-item searchers experienced the most frustration and doubt; known-item searchers the most disappointment; and area searchers the most confidence and contentment. Knowledge of these differences may prove helpful for librarians and interface designers.
Hypoalbuminemia and risk of death in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease

Hypoalbuminemia and risk of death in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Background Although serum albumin is a marker for malnutrition and associated with a higher mortality in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the risk of death associated with serum albumin is unknown in pediatric patients with ESRD. We evaluated the association between serum albumin and death among pediatric patients initiating dialysis. Methods Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) were used to identify all patients under the age of 18Who initiated dialysis between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1998. Using the Cox proportional hazards models, the association between serum albumin obtained 45 days prior to dialysis initiation and death was estimated, controlling for demographic factors, dialysis modality, and anthropometric measures. Results Of 1723 patients included in the analysis, there were 93 deaths over 2953 patient-years of observation. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that each -1 g/dL difference in serum albumin between patients was associated with a 54% higher risk of death [adjusted relative risk (aRR), 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15 to 1.85; P = 0.002]. This was independent of glomerular causes for their ESRD and other potential confounding variables. Conclusions Pediatric patients initiating dialysis with hypoalbuminemia are at a higher risk for death. This finding persists after adjusting for glomerular causes for ESRD and other potential confounding variables. Low serum albumin at dialysis initiation is an important marker of mortality risk in pediatric ESRD patients.
MRI of extracranial masses in children : the usefulness of gadolinium-chelate enhancement

Objective. This study evaluated the usefulness of gadolinium (Gd) chelates in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of extracranial pediatric mass lesions. Materials and methods. Seventy-five MRI studies were obtained on 60 children (mean age 5.06 years) with pathologically proven mass lesions. Post-contrast T1-weighted (T1W) images were compared with pre-contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted (T2W) and both T1W and T2W images. They were evaluated for their ability to demonstrate lesion margins and extent, to add additional information, and to increase confidence in or change a diagnosis. In all patients post-contrast images were also evaluated for degree and pattern of enhancement. Results. Malignant lesions enhanced much more intensely than benign lesions (P < 0.0005). Lack of enhancement was seen only in benign lesions. A heterogeneous pattern of enhancement was more frequently seen in malignancy (P < 0.05). Additional information was provided on Gd-enhanced T1W images in 36 % of cases compared to unenhanced T1 and T2W images. Diagnostic confidence was improved in 29 %. The Gd-enhanced images changed the diagnosis correctly in 5 % and incorrectly in 1 %. Conclusion. Post-contrast images clarified specific issues, better defined lesion extent and margins in a majority of cases, and gave additional useful information in selected cases.
Film cooling on a gas turbine blade near the end wall

Mesure, par la technique du transfert de masse, de l'efficacite du refroidissement local par film, sur une aube de turbine a gaz avec une rangee de jets de refroidissement, dans la zone proche de la paroi terminale
Electroencephalographic (EEG), EEG power spectra, and behavioral correlates in rats given phencyclidine.

Abstract The electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and behavior were monitored in rats with chronic cerebrocortical and temporalis muscle electrodes. They were injected acutely with 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg of phencyclidine (i.p.). The EEG power spectra correlated in a dose-related manner, with the direct EEG and behavioral effects of phencyclidine. At 2 mg kg , the EEG consisted primarily of low amplitude theta activity from 6 to 8 Hz, accompanied by behavioral arousal and hyperactivity. At 4 mg kg , the EEG theta activity persisted and was superimposed on a background of high amplitude slow waves which were associated with the emergence of ataxia. Locomotion and stereotopy intensified at this dose. The power spectra of these changes in the EEG were characterized by two distinct spectral peaks lying between 0–5 and 5–10 Hz. After 8 mg kg , EEG activity shifted predominantly to lower frequencies between 2 and 3 Hz. This shift produced a large increase in spectral power in the 0–5 Hz band which was accompanied behaviorally by severe ataxia, limited locomotion, and stereotypy of head and forepaw movements. Similarities and differences between these EEG changes induced by phencyclidine and the EEG effects of ketamine and SKF 10047 were obtained.
An Assessment to Inform Pediatric Cancer Provider Development and Delivery of Survivor Care Plans

Current guidelines recommend all pediatric cancer survivors receive a survivor care plan (SCP) for optimal health management, yet clinical delivery of SCPs varies. We evaluated oncology providers’ familiarity with and preferences for delivering SCPs to inform the implementation of a future SCP program at our institution. From November 2013 to April 2014, oncology providers from the Primary Children’s Hospital in Salt Lake City, UT, completed a survey (n = 41) and a 45-min focus group (n = 18). Participants reported their familiarity with and training in SCP guidelines, opinions on SCPs, and barriers to delivering SCPs. As a secondary analysis, we examined differences in survey responses between physicians and nurses with Fisher’s exact tests. Focus group transcripts and open-ended survey responses were content analyzed. Participants reported high familiarity with late effects of cancer treatment (87.8 %) and follow-up care that cancer survivors should receive (82.5 %). Few providers had delivered an SCP (oncologists 35.3 % and nurses 5.0 %; p = 0.03). Barriers to providing SCPs included lack of knowledge (66.7 %), SCP delivery is not expected in their clinic (53.9 %), and no champion (48.7 %). In qualitative comments, providers expressed that patient age variation complicated SCP delivery. Participants supported testing an SCP intervention program (95.1 %) and felt this should be a team-based approach. Strategies for optimal delivery of SCPs are needed. Participants supported testing an SCP program to improve the quality of patient care. Team-based approaches, including nurses and physicians, that incorporate provider training on and support for SCP delivery are needed to improve pediatric cancer care.
Vinblastine Effect on Nucleic Acids and Ribonuclease of Lymphoid Tissue.

SummaryThe RNA concentration and ribonuclease activity in rat thymus were decreased by injection of vinblastine. The same results were noted in both the corticoid sensitive and resistant strains of mouse lymphosarcoma P1798. An apparent increase in DNA concentration was noted in rat thymus and corticoid-sensitive P1798. No change in DNA concentration was noted in the corti-coid-resistant tumor.
Genetic studies using the orange body color type of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) : Inheritance, sperm precedence, and disassortative mating

Abstract Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the southern green stink bug, has body color polymorphisms. N. viridula f. smaragdula is the common green morph, whereas the rare morph N. viridula f. aurantiaca is uniformly orange. Crossing studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of the orange body color trait. Mendelian genetic analysis suggested that orange body color is a simple, sex-linked recessive trait. In sperm precedence studies using orange females crossed with green and then orange males, or vice versa, the proportion of offspring attributable to the second male, P2, averaged 73.3% (extremes 23.5–100%). The average P2 in the first egg mass deposited after the new pairing was 71.8%. The pattern of sperm use provided evidence for incomplete sperm mixing, sperm stratification, and sperm displacement. Green females preferred mating with orange males (88%) compared with green males (12%), suggesting that disassortative mating may operate.
Comparative dose-response tumorigenicity studies of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene versus 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, benzo[a and two dibenzo[a,l]pyrene dihydrodiols in mouse skin and rat mammary gland

Comparative studies were conducted of the tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin and carcinogenicity in rat mammary gland of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) versus 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA), the most potent recognized carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the most potent recognized carcinogenic environmental PAH; DB[a,l]P 8,9-dihydrodiol, the K-region dihydrodiol; and DB[a,l]P 11,12-dihydrodiol, precursor to the bay-region diolepoxide. The tumor-initiating activity of DB[a,l]P and B[a]P was compared in the skin of female SENCAR mice at doses of 300, 100 and 33.3 nmol. The mice were promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) twice-weekly for 13 weeks. DB[a,l]P at all doses induced significantly more tumors than B[a]P at the corresponding dose, with a significantly shorter latency. Subsequently, the tumor-initiating activity of DB[a,l]P was compared in the skin of female SENCAR mice to that of DMBA, B[a]P, DB[a,l]P 8,9-dihydrodiol and DB[a,l]P 11,12-dihydrodiol at doses of 100, 20 and 4 nmol. The mice were promoted with TPA twice-weekly for 24 weeks. In addition, groups of mice were initiated with 100 nmol of DB[a,l]P, DMBA, B[a]P, DB[a,l]P 8,9-dihydrodiol or DB[a,l]P 11,12-dihydrodiol and kept without promotion. This experiment showed that in the mouse skin, DB[a,l]P and DB[a,l]P 11,12-dihydrodiol displayed similar tumor-initiating activity with a response inversely proportional to the dose, presumably due to the toxicity of the compounds. At the high dose they elicited tumors earlier than DMBA, though DMBA produced a much higher tumor multiplicity. At the low dose, DMBA, DB[a,l]P and DB[a,l]P 11,12-dihydrodiol exhibited similar tumorigenicities. DB[a,l]P 8,9-dihydrodiol was a marginal tumor initiator. Once again, DB[a,l]P was by far a much stronger tumor initiator than B[a]P. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1.0 or 0.25 mumol of DB[a,l]P, DMBA or B[a]P by intramammillary injection at eight teats. DB[a,l]P at both doses was a more potent carcinogen than DMBA at the corresponding dose in the rat mammary gland. B[a]P was a marginal mammary carcinogen, eliciting only a few fibrosarcomas. Thus, these data suggest that DB[a,l]P is the strongest PAH carcinogen ever tested.
Pulmonary Biodistribution and Cellular Uptake of Intranasally Administered Monodisperse Particles

Purpose For the rational design of nanovaccines against respiratory pathogens, careful selection of optimal particle size and chemistry is paramount. This work investigates the impact of these properties on the deposition, biodistribution, and cellular interactions of nanoparticles within the lungs.
Early glomerular dysfunction in human renal allografts

Early glomerular dysfunction in human renal allografts. Background The long-term outcome of renal allografts is characterized by a progressive deterioration of renal function and graft loss. Our aim was to determine early glomerular functional abnormalities, before they become clinically apparent. Methods Glomerular hemodynamics and dextran sieving were characterized in 21 well-functioning cadaveric renal allograft recipients [normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin excretion rate (AER), who also had a kidney biopsy with normal or minimal histological changes] and in 15 uninephrectomized kidney donors. Both groups were one to three years after transplantation or uninephrectomy. Results The GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) were similar in both groups (62 ± 3 vs. 63 ± 4, and 343 ± 26 vs. 334 ± 21 mL/min/1.73m 2 for GFR and RPF, in cadaveric recipients vs. donors, respectively), the AER was normal in both groups, but the mean arterial pressure was higher in renal recipients (103 ± 3 vs. 94 ± 3mm Hg in uninephrectomy controls, P P P P Conclusions Even in "well functioning" renal allografts there is a glomerular dysfunction characterized by increased permeability to macromolecules resulting from a shift of the glomerular pores to a larger size. These changes could be mediated by ultrastructural alterations at the glomerular capillary or by alterations in intraglomerular hemodynamics. Early allograft dysfunction may contribute to the progressive renal insufficiency of renal allografts.
Trona resources in southwest Wyoming

Bedded trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) in the lacustrine Green River Formation of Eocene age in the Green River Basin, southwest Wyoming, constitutes the largest known resource of natural sodium carbonate in the world. In this study, 116 gigatons (Gt) of trona ore are estimated to be present in 22 beds, ranging from 1.2 to 11 meters (m) in thickness. Of this total, 69 Gt of trona ore are estimated to be in beds containing less than 2 percent halite and 47 Gt in beds containing 2 or more percent halite. These 22 beds underlie areas of about 130 to more than 2,000 km2 at depths ranging from about 200 m to more than 900 m below the surface. The total resource of trona ore in the basin for which drilling information is available is estimated to be about 135 Gt.
Operators in a translation invariant two-dimensional bag model☆

Abstract Operator matrix elements are studied in a translation invariant version of the bag model in two-dimensional space time. In particular we calculate the matrix elements of quark fields Q ( x ), currents J μ ( x ), and bilocal currents Q ( x ) γ μ λ a Q (0) whose Taylor expansion yields the twist two operators of leptoproduction. The structure functions of this model are related to those of a naive cavity approximation by a particularly simple transformation.
Diagnosis and correction of manganese deficiency in corn

Abstract Although manganese (Mn) deficiency in soybeans (Glycine max) has been recognized on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, it has not been well recognized in corn (Zea mays) until recent years. Hence, there is a lack of information relating to the diagnosis and correction of Mn deficiency in corn. Field experiments were conducted to determine if the Mn soil test interpretation for soybeans would work for corn. The leaf Mn critical level also was evaluated, as were soil and foliar application methods of correcting a deficiency. Corn yield response to Mn fertilization was best explained by both soil pH and Mehlich‐3 extractable Mn concentration. The influence of these two soil properties for predicting yield response was similar for corn and soybeans, but it appears that the soil Mn critical level is lower for corn than for soybeans. The critical Mn concentration in the ear leaf at early silking was found to be 11 mg kg‐1. Manganese banded with diammonium phosphate (DAP) was three times as effective as Mn bro...
Fiber Optic Gyro Development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

A low-level, but continuing, fiber-gyro development activity has been carried on at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1977. The activity was originated because of a recognition of the potential for low-cost, high-performance gyros suitable for interplanetary spacecraft. An early decision was made to concentrate available resources on supporting the development of electro-optically active channel waveguide components which could be fabricated by mask diffusion processes. Titanium-indiffused lithium niobate waveguide components used at 0.83 μm wavelength were first tested and then abandoned because of instabilities caused by so-called optical damage. Components fabricated for use at 1.3 μm wavelength have proven to be stable. A gyro configuration concept based upon 1.3 μm channel waveguide components has evolved, and a baseline 1.3 μm all-fiber gyro has been assembled and tested.
Abstract 5532: Anti-cancer activities of tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate in breast cancer patients under radiotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol present in abundance in widely consumed tea, inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in breast cancer patients. EGCG in 400 mg capsules was orally administered three times daily to breast cancer patients undergoing treatment by radiotherapy. Parameters related to cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis were analyzed while blood samples were collected at different time points to determine efficacy of the EGCG treatment. Compared to patients who received radiotherapy alone, those given radiotherapy plus EGCG for an extended time period (two to eight weeks) showed significantly lower serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and reduced activation of metalloproteinase-9 and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP9/MMP2). Addition of sera obtained from patients treated by combination of radiotherapy and EGCG feeding for 2-8 weeks to in vitro cultures of highly-metastatic human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in the following significant changes: (1) suppression of cell proliferation and invasion; (2) arrest of cell cycles at the G0/G1 phase; (3) reduction of activation of MMP9/MMP2, expressions of Bcl-2/Bax, c-Met receptor, NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of Akt. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 5-10 µM EGCG also showed significant augmentation of the apoptosis inducing effects of γ-radiation, concomitant with reduced NF-κB protein level and AKT phosphorylation. These results provide hitherto unreported evidence that EGCG potentiated efficacy of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients, and raise the possibility that this tea polyphenol has potential to be a therapeutic adjuvant against human metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5532. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5532
Genomic dissection of mucosal immunobiology in the porcine small intestine

The enteric immune system of swine protects against infectious and noninfectious environmental insults and discriminates ingested nutrients, food, and commensal microflora from pathogenic agents. The molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the specific environment of pigs. Thus, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in the pig. To better understand how the mucosal immune system of the small intestine accomplishes the conflicting functions of food tolerance and immunity to enteric infection, we used a genomic approach to profile gene expression in the Peyer's patch. More than 40% of mRNA enriched by differential subtraction for Peyer's patch-specific expressed sequences represented genes of unknown function or had no match in GenBank. Microarray analysis and radiation hybrid mapping validated their porcine origin and provided additional insights into putative functions. The abundance of expressed genes of unknown function indicates that a substantial fraction of the immunological and physiological processes of the Peyer's patch remains to be discovered. It further suggests that swine have evolved specialized biochemical and immunological processes in the small intestine. Further elucidation of these processes are expected to provide novel insights into swine enteric mucosal immune function.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, aging, and the nuclear lamina.

Dr. Bruce Korf describes the effects of the LMNA mutation in the Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. He writes that this syndrome may teach us about mechanisms of one of the most common conditions — old age.
Māriyya the Copt: gender, sex and heritage in the legacy of Muhammad's umm walad

This article concerns the figure of Māriyya al‐Qib iyya, the Coptic slave of the Prophet Muhammad who became his umm walad (the mother of his child). It undertakes close readings of the evolving historical representations of Māriyya as found in a broad range of Muslim biographical, historical and literary texts from medieval to contemporary times. Rather than attempting a unified biography of Māriyya, this work examines representations of her for their disparities, contradictions and wider social implications. The contending portraits of Māriyya presented in the texts examined here serve three primary functions: 1) to uphold the moral purity of the Prophet Muhammad and the members of his household; 2) to instruct readers on the gender characteristics of men and women; and, 3) to advocate interfaith harmony between Muslims and Christians. Rather than conveying a clear and coherent summation of her life, these portraits of Māriyya reveal their authors' attempts throughout the centuries to defend the Prophet...
BAX-Dependent and BAX-Independent Regulation of Kiss1 Neuron Development in Mice

The Kiss1 gene and its product kisspeptin are important regulators of reproduction. In rodents, Kiss1 is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV)/rostral periventricular (PeN) nuclei. In the AVPV/PeN, females have more Kiss1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons than males. We explored the ontogeny of the Kiss1 sex difference, and the role of cell death in establishing Kiss1 and TH cell number. We also determined whether Kiss1 cells in AVPV/PeN coexpress TH. AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons were first detected in both sexes on postnatal d 10, but the Kiss1 sex difference did not emerge until postnatal d 12. The role of BAX-mediated apoptosis in generating this sex difference was tested in adult Bax knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Deletion of Bax did not diminish the sex difference in Kiss1 expression in the AVPV/PeN. TH expression was sexually dimorphic in the AVPV of both wild-type and Bax KO mice but, unlike Kiss1, was not sexually dimorphic in the PeN of either genotype. Double-label analysis determined that most Kiss1 neurons coexpress TH mRNA, but many TH neurons do not coexpress Kiss1, especially in the PeN. These findings suggest that several subpopulations of TH cells reside within the AVPV/PeN, only one of which coexpresses Kiss1. In the ARC, Kiss1 cell number was markedly increased in Bax KO mice of both sexes, indicating that although BAX-dependent apoptosis does not generate the sex difference in either Kiss1 or TH expression in AVPV/PeN, BAX does importantly regulate Kiss1 cell number in the ARC.
Hippocampal tyrosine kinase A receptors are restricted primarily to presynaptic vesicle clusters

Adult septohippocampal cholinergic neurons are dependent on trophic support for normal functioning and survival; these effects are largely mediated by the tyrosine kinase A receptor (TrkA), which binds its ligand, nerve growth factor (NGF), with high affinity. To determine the subcellular localization of TrkA within septohippocampal terminal fields, two rabbit polyclonal antisera to the extracellular domain of TrkA were localized immunocytochemically in rat dentate gyrus by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, TrkA immunoreactivity was found mostly in fine, varicose fibers primarily in the hilus and, to a lesser extent, in the granule cell and molecular layers. By electron microscopy, the central and infragranular regions of the hilus contained the highest densities of TrkA-immunoreactive profiles. Most TrkA-labeled profiles were axons (31% of 3,473), axon terminals (20%), and glia (38%); fewer were dendrites (6%), dendritic spines (5%), and granule cell and interneuron somata (<1%). TrkA immunolabeling in axons and axon terminals was discrete, often concentrated in patches of small synaptic vesicles that were adjacent to somatic and dendritic profiles. TrkA-labeled terminals formed both asymmetric and symmetric synapses, primarily with dendritic shafts and spines. TrkA-immunoreactive glial profiles frequently apposed terminals contacting dendritic spines. The findings that presynaptic profiles contain TrkA immunolabeling in sites of vesicle accumulation suggest that NGF binding to TrkA may influence transmitter release. The presence of TrkA immunoreactivity in somata, dendrites, and glia further suggests that cells within the dentate gyrus may take up NGF.
Reactor safety implications of pump run-up tests in EBR-II

Abstract A pump run-up test was conducted in EBR-II in November 1987. This test simulated an overcooling event in a liquid metal cooled reactor. Primary system flow was increased from 32% to 100% in 20 s starting with a power-to-flow ratio of one. Reactor power followed flow and equilibrated to slightly less than 100% due to the inherent feedbacks. This test provided the experimental basis for analysis of overcooling events in EBR-II. Conclusions of this work are that pump overspeed and overcooling events are benign in a liquid metal cooled fast reactor using metallic fuel.
States in 8Be studied through the reaction 11B(p, α)8Be with 40 MeV protons

Abstract Spectroscopy of the α- and τ-particles from 40 MeV proton bombardment of 11 B reveals transitions to 8 Be states up to 19 MeV. The ratio of excitation of the 16.6 MeV state to the 16.9 MeV state is 2.3 ± 0.4. The 8 Be(4 + ) state is found at 12.5 MeV with a width of 4.0 ± 0.5 MeV. States in 9 Be excited most strongly are the g.s. and 2.43 MeV level; a state at 3.1 MeV is excited with about 1 % of the strength of the g.s. transition. Angular distributions show forward-peaking for all states.
“Critical philosophy begins at the very point where logistic leaves off”: Cassirer's Response to Frege and Russell

This paper concerns the reception of the new logic and logicism of Frege and Russell among the German Neo-Kantian philosophers of the Marburg school. Paul Natorp and Ernst Cassirer both object to Frege’s and Russell’s conception of the ground, nature, and demarcation of logic. This objection depends on the distinctive Marburg school philosophy of logic, arst articulated by Hermann Cohen: that “formal” logic (in Kant’s sense) depends on a logical investigation of the principles that make mathematical natural science possible. Nevertheless, Cassirer thought that the new logic had profound philosophical implications. First, the new logic provides a technical vindication of some Neo-Kantian theses concerning space and time and mathematical proofs. Second, Cassirer thinks that the new logic allows for a conception of mathematics as the study of relational structures. This conception, in concert with a Kantian notion of objectivity and objecthood, makes possible a justiacation of modern mathematics. According to Michael Friedman, Ernst Cassirer’s “outstanding contribution [to Neo-Kantianism] was to articulate, for the arst time, a clear and coherent conception of formal logic within the context of the Marburg School” (Friedman 2000, p. 30). In his paper “Kant und die moderne Mathematik” (1907), Cassirer argued not only that the new relational logic of Frege 1 and Russell was a major breakthrough with profound
CORP: A COoperative file Replication Protocol for structured P2P networks

File replication and file consistency maintenance are two important protocols for achieving overall high performance of peer-to-peer file sharing systems. In spite of the significant dependency of consistency maintenance on file replication, there has been little file replication research devoted to tackling the dependency issue. Most traditional file replication protocols focus on improving file lookup efficiency without considering the subsequent consistency maintenance. This paper presents a COoperative file Replication Protocol (CORP). CORP observes a set of factors including file update rate, file popularity, node available capacity, file load and node locality that affect the efficiency of consistency maintenance. It considers these factors to achieve high efficiency not only in file replication but also in consistency maintenance. CORP generates less replicas and optimally chooses infrequently-updated or popular files to replicate. In addition, it makes file replicas in physically close nodes. Further, CORP can dynamically adjust the number of replicas based on ever-changing file popularity and visit pattern. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of CORP in comparison with other file replication protocols. It dramatically reduces the overhead of both file replication and consistency maintenance. Moreover, it yields significant improvement in reducing overloaded nodes.
A Novel Nicotinic Mechanism Underlies β-Amyloid-Induced Neuronal Hyperexcitation

There is a significantly elevated incidence of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, there is neural hyperexcitation/synchronization in transgenic mice expressing abnormal levels or forms of amyloid precursor protein and its presumed, etiopathogenic product, amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ). However, the underlying mechanisms of how Aβ causes neuronal hyperexcitation remain unclear. Here, we report that exposure to pathologically relevant levels of Aβ induces Aβ form-dependent, concentration-dependent, and time-dependent neuronal hyperexcitation in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. Similarly, Aβ exposure increases levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α7 subunit protein on the cell surface and α7-nAChR function, but not α7 subunit mRNA, suggesting post-translational upregulation of functional α7-nAChRs. These effects are prevented upon coexposure to brefeldin A, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi protein transport, consistent with an effect on trafficking of α7 subunits and assembled α7-nAChRs to the cell surface. Aβ exposure-induced α7-nAChR functional upregulation occurs before there is expression of neuronal hyperexcitation. Pharmacological inhibition using an α7-nAChR antagonist or genetic deletion of nAChR α7 subunits prevents induction and expression of neuronal hyperexcitation. Collectively, these results, confirmed in studies using slice cultures, indicate that functional activity and perhaps functional upregulation of α7-nAChRs are necessary for production of Aβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitation and possibly AD pathogenesis. This novel mechanism involving α7-nAChRs in mediation of Aβ effects provides potentially new therapeutic targets for treatment of AD.
The human mycobiome in health and disease

The mycobiome, referring primarily to the fungal biota in an environment, is an important component of the human microbiome. Despite its importance, it has remained understudied. New culture-independent approaches to determine microbial diversity, such as next-generation sequencing methods, are greatly broadening our view of fungal importance. An integrative analysis of current studies shows that different body sites harbor specific fungal populations, and that diverse mycobiome patterns are associated with various diseases. By interfacing with other biomes, as well as with the host, the mycobiome probably contributes to the progression of fungus-associated diseases and plays an important role in health and disease.
Acute Pain in Herpes Zoster and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life

Although the effects of postherpetic neuralgia on physical and emotional functioning have been examined in a number of studies, the impact of acute pain in herpes zoster ("shingles") on health-related quality of life has been neglected. We describe the characteristics of herpes zoster pain and examine its relationship to physical, role, social, and emotional functioning in 110 patients with herpes zoster. When we controlled for relevant covariates, we found that greater pain burden, as assessed by the product of pain intensity and duration, was associated with poorer physical functioning, increased emotional distress, and decreased role and social functioning. The results demonstrate that herpes zoster pain has broad effects on the daily lives of patients and on their emotional health. The increasing incidence of herpes zoster that can be anticipated as the population ages requires that clinical trials that examine interventions to prevent or treat herpes zoster pain be given a high priority.
Summer heat and an epidemic of cytospora canker of Alnus

An epidemic of cytospora canker [Valsa melanodiscus, anamorph Cytospora umbrina] is associated with dieback and mortality of Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in the Southern Rocky Mountains and had begun by the late 1980s. Isolations showed that inoculum was often abundant on bark and bud surfaces even in winter, especially near diseased stems. The pathogen was occasionally isolated from internal tissues of dormant buds and asymptomatic wood and phloem. In infected stems, the pathogen was detected up to 5 cm beyond visible canker margins. The data suggest that the pathogen can cause latent infections, but the infection court remains unclear. Inoculations of healthy stems in the field did not induce canker formation. Fruiting of the anamorph was primarily in late winter and spring, and sexual maturation occurred in late summer and fall. Stem age and growth data support earlier conclusions that the mortality does not represent a steady-state condition with normal attrition of older stems. Canker expansion and k...
Strategies for Designing a Research Utilization Project With Labor Delivery Nurses

The background and development of the second National AWHONN Research Utilization Project on Second Stage Labor Management that was conducted in multiple sites within the United States and Canada are presented. On the basis of the results of the project, recommendations for designing other research utilization projects are discussed.
Functional recovery of transected nerves treated with systemic BDNF and CNTF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic co-injections of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the functional recovery of transected sciatic nerves repaired by epineurial coaptation (EC) or collagen tubulization (CT). Forty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent transection of their sciatic nerves and repair by either EC or CT. With each repair technique, systemic injections of neurotrophic factors or control injections of lactated Ringer's solution were given. This resulted in four treatment groups: EC, EC + BDNF/CNTF, CT, and CT + BDNF/CNTF. Nerve function was assessed using sciatic functional indices (SFI). Animals whose nerves were repaired by CT (P = 0.01), CT + BDNF/CNTF (P = 0.04), and EC + BDNF/CNTF (P = 0.04) all had better functional recovery than those whose nerves were repaired by EC. There were no significant differences among these three groups, however. Animals in the CT group manifested the most rapid rate of recovery (P = 0.02 compared with EC). Collagen tubulization and systemic co-injections of BDNF/CNTF improve the rate and extent of sciatic functional recovery after nerve repair. The improvement in recovery conferred is not additive.
Observations of the Professional Galaxy Through a Humble Telescope

Occasionally, AAVMC recognizes an individual, devoted to veterinary medical education, whose career is distinguished by extraordinary leadership and achievements that have profoundly changed our profession. In 2008, the association recognized Dr. John Thomas Vaughan as epitomizing this pinnacle of achievement. Dr. Vaughan started his distinguished career by earning the DVM from Auburn University with Highest Honor in 1955. He trained at the side of giants of the profession of that era, such as Drs. Walter J. Gibbons, Benjamin F. Hoerlein, James E. Greene, and Wilford S. Bailey. He was immediately pressed into service by the Auburn faculty as an Instructor of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine. In this period before tranquilizers, Instructor Vaughan awed his students by deftly ‘‘casting’’ a 16-hand, 1,000-lb mule to lateral recumbency without assistance or injury to the bewildered beast. His intellect and strength of character equaled his steel grip. Over the next 15 years he advanced to Associate Professor, earned the MS degree, became a member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, and was appointed diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons. In 1970 he was enticed to the northernmost limits of his range to become Professor of Surgery and Hospital Director at Cornell. Four years later, with his young family, he headed south to become Professor and Head of the Auburn Large Animal Surgery and Medicine. In 1977 he was selected to be only the fifth permanent Dean of Auburn’s 85-year-old College of Veterinary Medicine. During the next 18 years Dean Vaughan led the college through explosive growth, expansion of faculty, the creation of the Scott-Ritchey Research Center, and other growth of the research base. To say that his imprint on Auburn is indelible is to underestimate the depth and breadth of his influence. Shortly after becoming Dean, I was introduced to a prestigious group as ‘‘Tom Boosinger,’’ and meetings at my office were scheduled for ‘‘Tom’s office.’’ It is difficult to succinctly summarize Dr. Vaughan’s national influence except by listing highlights: President of the American Association of Equine Practitioners; Member of the Board of Regents and President of the College of Veterinary Surgeons; Chair-elect, Council of Deans, AAVMC; Chair of the Commission on Veterinary Medicine of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges and member of the Commission on Food, Environment and Renewable Resources. Dr. Vaughan’s long list of honors culminated in 2003 with the Auburn’s state-of-the-art large-animal teaching hospital being named the John Thomas Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital. It is a pleasure and an honor to introduce my good friend and esteemed colleague, Tom Vaughan, as recipient of the 2008 AAVMC Recognition Lecturer Award. —Timothy R. Boosinger, President, AAVMC
Professional Development of Preservice Teachers: Teaching in the Super Saturday Program

General classroom teachers are being called upon to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population of students. Although abundant research documents the specific needs of gifted students, too little is being done at the preservice teacher level to prepare our teachers to recognize and meet these needs (e.g., Feldhusen & Kolloff, 1986; VanTassel-Baska, 2003). This study examined the change in beliefs by one cohort of preservice teachers after participation in a gifted education course and practicum. Interviews with the participants following the intervention period were used to assess the participants' perceptions of the effect the course and practicum had on their understanding of gifted students' needs and their ability to meet those needs. Interview data were triangulated with classroom observations and lesson plans created by the participants for use during the practicum. Findings indicated the participants perceived an increase in their overall level of professional development, as well as an in...
Higher-order time integration with a local Lax-Wendroff procedure for a central scheme on an overlapping grid

We have implemented a high-order Lax-Wendroff type time integration for a central scheme on an overlapping grid for conservation law problems. Using a local iterative approach presented by Dumbser et al. (JCP, 2008) [12], we extend a local high-order spatial reconstruction on each cell to a local higher-order space-time polynomial on the cell. We rewrite the central scheme in a fully discrete form to avoid volume integration in the space-time domain. The fluxes at cell interfaces are calculated directly via integrating a higher-order space-time reconstruction of the flux. We compare this approach with the corresponding multi-stage Runge-Kutta time integration (RK). Numerical results show that the new time integration is more cost-effective.
OSSIE/GNU Radio Generic Component

A Generic Component (GC) was developed to combine the functionalities of OSSIE and GNU Radio (GR), two widely used platforms for Software-Defined Radio. The GC is an OSSIE component which can encapsulate one or more GR blocks in a flowgraph and provide the necessary data conversions to interface OSSIE I/O with the GR blocks. The GC was designed to be able to reconfigure the encapsulated flowgraph and the relevant block properties in near real-time. Preliminary latency tests were performed on the GC to compare three different I/O interfaces between OSSIE and GR. All three interfaces average below 20% added processing time, and the fastest interface (message queues) was implemented as the default. The results demonstrated that the overhead imposed by the GC itself does not contribute to significant latency. Possible applications for the GC are discussed.
Design of Single-Phase Motors to Minimize Voltage Dips [includes discussion]

motorshave starting currents five totentimestheir operating currents. The voltage dips andlightflicker causedby frequent starting ofthese motors areoften objectionable. J.W. Anderson hasrecently madeseveral proposals'-3 forcontrolling voltage dips caused bythese motorstartingcurrents. Inthis paper, several oftheideas and suggestions ofJohnW.Anderson IIF1 are used, buttheanalysis isdeveloped from the-viewpoint ofthemotordesigner. The fundamental relations between starting torque andstarting current arereviewed andrequirements forideal starting conditions areenumerated. Thestarting performance ofvarious typesofmotors areevaluated interms oftheideal. In a typical single-phase induction motor, besides themainwinding there is anauxiliary winding, displaced 90degrees inspace. Togetideal starting performancethecurrent intheauxiliary winding ought tobe90degrees outofphase with themainwinding current, asina2-phase motor.Inaresistance split-phase motor onlyabout30degrees displacement is obtained, andeventhis issecured atthe expense ofveryhigh losses intheauxiliary winding. Ifacapacitor isusedinseries withtheauxiliary winding, alarger phase displacement canbeobtained withless losses, butwiththeaddedcostofthe capacitor.
Judgments of Meaning in Life Following an Existential Crisis

In the first part of this chapter, we review research supporting the idea that the subjective experience of meaning in life is a judgment process influenced by many factors, including chronically activated sources of meaning, temporarily accessible information, and one’s current mood. Building upon this understanding of meaning in life as a judgment process, the second part of this chapter examines three potential resolutions to an existential crisis: affirming meaning through a leap of faith, carefully evaluating and reconstructing one’s system of meaning, and meaninglessness. We consider how the meaning in life judgment process might be influenced in each of these cases and examine other potential psychological consequences before calling on future research to explore these and other unexamined aspects of meaning in life.
The Priority Principle from Kant to Frege

In a famous passage (A68/B93), Kant writes that �the understanding can make no other use of [�] concepts than that of judging by means of them.� Kant's thought is often called the thesis of the priority of judgments over concepts. We find a similar sounding priority thesis in Frege: �it is one of the most important differences between my mode of interpretation and the Boolean mode [�] that I do not proceed from concepts, but from judgments.� Many interpreters have thought that Frege's priority principle is close to (or at least derivable from) Kant's. I argue that it is not. Nevertheless, there was a gradual historical development that began with Kant's priority thesis and culminated in Frege's new logic.