cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploratory-triangulation design in mixed methods studies: A case of examining graduating seniors who meet hospitality recruiters’ selection criteria:

This article introduces the exploratory-triangulation mixed methods approach to hospitality and tourism research. A specific empirical example of using the exploratory-triangulation design is illus...
A Switchable Active Filter Hybrid

A unique active bandpass filter is described, which is capable of selecting any of 12 different frequencies as defined by a digital input. This device utilizes both thick- and thin-film technologies to their best advantages. Filtering is performed by a state variable active filter circuit designed around a custom linear integrated circuit (lC) and precisely matched components. Frequency selection is accomplished by a custom MOS device. Functional laser trimming of both thinand thick-film resistors is employed to adjust circuit characteristics to extremely tight tolerances. The finished device must be packaged to maintain a high level of frequency stability over a wide range of environments. Two different packaging techniques are presently being successfully employed. The first is a standard chip and wire technique and the second relies on devices which are prepackaged in small ceramic carriers. This circuit, whose size, weight, and cost were previously impractical in discrete form, is presently being produced in production volumes.
Real-time interactively distributed multi-object tracking using a magnetic-inertia potential model

This paper breaks with the common practice of using a joint state space representation and performing the joint data association in multi-object tracking. Instead, we present an interactively distributed framework with linear complexity for real-time applications. When objects do not interact on each other our approach performs like multiple independent trackers. When, the objects are in close proximity or present occlusions, we propose a magnetic-inertia potential model to handle the "error merge" and "labeling" problems in a particle filtering framework. Specifically we propose to model the interactive likelihood densities by a "gravitation" and "magnetic" repulsion scheme and relax the common first-order Markov chain assumption by using an "inertia" Markov chain. Our model represents the cumulative effect of virtual physical forces that objects undergo while interacting with others. It implicitly handles the "error merge" and "labeling" problems and thus solves the difficult object occlusion and data association problems using an innovative scheme. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that the proposed approach is far superior to existing methods not only in robustness but also in speed.
Autonomic nerves versus prostaglandins in the control of rat and rabbit testicular capsular contractions in vivo and in vitro.

The tonus and rate of spontaneous contractions measured in vivo from the tunicaalbugineaof rabbit testes were augmented by epinephrine, acetylcholine and prostaglandin (PG)F2 �. Neither reserpine, dibenamine nor atropine decreased autorhythmic contractility. Indomethacin injections ip significantly decreased the mean amplitude of testicular contractions. This treatment effaced motility in two of eleven preparations. Injections of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (TYA) did not significantly decreasetheamplitudeof contraction. Electrical stimulation of the spermatic artery (site of thespermaticnerve) in rabbits and in rats failed to alter testicular tonus or motility. The above evidence suggests that local factors such as PG5 may contribute more to smooth muscle activity in the tunica albuginea of rabbittestesthan do autonomic nerves. The rhythmical contractions observed in vivo, however,continuedinthe presenceof indomethacin in the bathing medium, and may not requirestimulationby PG5 fortheirorigination. Rat testes, unlikerabbit testes, did not contract rhythmically in vivo. Isolated rat testescontractedin responseto administered PGF20, while PGE1 abolished the induced contraction. Such modulators of muscular tonus feasibly could alter intratesticular pressure for the intact animal.
Rae1 is an essential mitotic checkpoint regulator that cooperates with Bub3 to prevent chromosome missegregation

The WD-repeat proteins Rae1 and Bub3 show extensive sequence homology, indicative of functional similarity. However, previous studies have suggested that Rae1 is involved in the mRNA export pathway and Bub3 in the mitotic checkpoint. To determine the in vivo roles of Rae1 and Bub3 in mammals, we generated knockout mice that have these genes deleted individually or in combination. Here we show that haplo-insufficiency of either Rae1 or Bub3 results in a similar phenotype involving mitotic checkpoint defects and chromosome missegregation. We also show that overexpression of Rae1 can correct for Rae1 haplo-insufficiency and, surprisingly, Bub3 haplo-insufficiency. Rae1-null and Bub3-null mice are embryonic lethal, although cells from these mice did not have a detectable defect in nuclear export of mRNA. Unlike null mice, compound haplo-insufficient Rae1/Bub3 mice are viable. However, cells from these mice exhibit much greater rates of premature sister chromatid separation and chromosome missegregation than single haplo-insufficient cells. Finally, we show that mice with mitotic checkpoint defects are more susceptible to dimethylbenzanthrene-induced tumorigenesis than wild-type mice. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel function for Rae1 and characterize Rae1 and Bub3 as related proteins with essential, overlapping, and cooperating roles in the mitotic checkpoint.
Reconsidering the Link Between Impulsivity and Suicidal Behavior

It is widely accepted that suicidal behavior often occurs with little planning. We propose, however, that suicidal behavior is rarely if ever impulsive-that it is too frightening and physically distressing to engage in without forethought-and that suicidal behavior in impulsive individuals is accounted for by painful and fearsome behaviors capable of enhancing their capacity for suicide. We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between trait impulsivity and suicidal behavior and a critical review of research considering the impulsiveness of specific suicide attempts. Meta-analytic results suggest the relationship between trait impulsivity and suicidal behavior is small. Furthermore, studies examining a mediating role of painful and provocative behaviors have uniformly supported our model. Results from our review suggest that researchers have been unable to adequately measure impulsivity of attempts and that measures sensitive to episodic planning must be developed to further our understanding of this phenomenon.
Studies on Formation and Recrystallization of Intermediate Reaction Products in the System Magnesia‐Silica‐Water

Mixtures of magnesia and silicic acid ranging in composition from 0.5 to 2.0 M/S were treated hydrothermally at temperatures of 75° to 350°C. for various periods of time. The reaction solids were examined by differential thermal analysis, X ray, and electron microscopy and analyzed chemically. The intermediate products of reaction ranging in composition between that of talc (0.75 M/S) and chrysotile (1.5 M/S) comprised a continuous series of cryptocrystalline needle-like crystaIs matted tightly together and showing the same X-ray pattern. The initial reaction product of the 0.75 to 1.50 M/S raw mixtures was a cryptocrystalline solid having a 1.5 M/S ratio. This phase subsequently reacted with the residual silica, so long as any was available, to form a solid having the composition of the raw mix, but only at relatively moderate temperatures(100°to175°C.). As the temperature was increased the crystals of the 0.75 and 1.50 M/S compositions increased in size, but all remained submicroscopic. The compositions intermediate between 0.75 and 1.5 M/S crystallized as mixtures of talc and chrysotilelike products. The chrysotilelike product appeared as minute needles which did not possess any apparent flexibility.
Designing a strategic bipartite matching market

We consider a version of the Gale-Shapley matching problem and the Shapley-Shubik assignment game. It involves matching n buyers with m sellers. Each seller offers a distinct good and a buyer has a different valuation for various goods, and it only wants one. The matching may also involve an exchange of numeraire to be paid by the buyers, and to the sellers. The players are strategic. The key requirements are ex ante individual rationality, strong budget-balance and efficiency at equilibrium. The motivation is a advertiser-host matching system. We propose an auction-based matching mechanism. The mechanism is non-VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) type, ex ante individual rational and is able to achieve strong budget-balance. Further, we show that there exists a Nash equilibrium that is efficient.
Intervention Fidelity in Special and General Education Research Journals

Treatment fidelity reporting practices are described for journals that published general and special education intervention research with high impact factors from 2005 through 2009. The authors reviewed research articles, reported the proportion of intervention studies that described fidelity measurement, detailed the components of fidelity measurement reported, and determined whether the components of fidelity reported differed based on the research design, the type of intervention, or the number of intervention sessions. Results indicate that even intervention research articles in high-quality general and special education journals inconsistently report fidelity (less than 70% of the articles). Authors of single-case studies most frequently reported the collection of intervention fidelity data (81.3% of articles, compared with 67.4% of treatment-comparison study articles). Of the 67% of articles that provided information about intervention fidelity procedure, only 9.8% provided data about the quality of...
Stuck in Place: Investigating Social Mobility in 14 Bangalore Slums

This study of 14 Bangalore slum communities, including detailed interviews with 1,481 residents, represents an initial effort to study social mobility in India's largest cities, where opportunity a...
A solar‐wind “trigger” for the outer heliosphere radio emissions and the distance to the terminal shock

The solar wind data from the plasma science experiment on the Voyager spacecraft are examined to search for the source of the 2 to 3 kHz radio noise detected in the outer heliosphere. It is found that two anomalous high speed streams passed Voyager 2 before the noise was initially observed. It is suggested that the interaction of these streams with the terminal shock is responsible for the more intense emission. Using a time-of-flight argument, the distance to the shock is estimated at about 70 AU-140 AU. The larger value is consistent with an estimate using Voyager data and a standard pressure-balance argument.
Conceptualizing Bourgeois Revolution: The Prewar Japanese Left and the Meiji Restoration

That the Meiji Restoration marked Japan's proruption as a modern industrial nation-state has become a commonplace among those who study Japanese political history. The event may lack the romantic drama and mythology of the French revolutionary upheaval of almost a century before, yet the Restoration has remained a source of fascination for scholars seeking patterns in the events that transcend national boundaries to form the seamless web of human history.
Crystals Associated with the Intertracheid Pit Membrane of the Woody Fern Botrychium multifidum

Abstract Calcium-containing crystals have been found in the lumens of secondary tracheids in the rhizome of the woody fern Botrychium multifidum. These crystals are styloids with rough, pyramid-shaped ends. The crystals are usually single; however, conjoined or grouped crystals were also found. Crystal formation apparently has no constant relation to the pit membrane, but crystals of mature tracheids are often associated with the pit membrane or are located in the pit areas. Crystals were also located between the helical thickenings of the lumen walls. No crystal chamber or crystal sheath was found in association with the crystal body.
Growth stage, temperature, and time of year affects the control of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-paraquat resistant Conyza bonariensis with saflufenacil

Abstract Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. is a problematic weed in crop and non-crop areas of California. This problem has been further aggravated by the discovery of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in fall and spring, respectively, to determine the efficacy of glyphosate, saflufenacil, and a tank-mixture of saflufenacil + glyphosate on glyphosate-susceptible (GS), glyphosate-resistant (GR), and glyphosate-paraquat-resistant (GPR) biotypes of C. bonariensis. Efficacy of the herbicides were evaluated at three growth stages (5- to 8-leaf seedling, rosette, and bolting); and three day/night temperature regimes (15/10 °C, 25/20 °C, 35/30 °C). Results differed between experiments conducted in the fall and spring. Saflufenacil-alone was more effective in the fall than in spring. All the GS, GR and GPR plants were controlled by saflufenacil-alone at the 5-to 8-leaf stage and rosette stage, but level of control declined at the bolting stage. Better control with saflufenacil-alone and glyphosate-alone was obtained at the 15/10 °C and 25/20 °C than at the 35/30 °C temperature regime. However, a tank-mixture of saflufenacil + glyphosate provided good control of the plants at 35/30 °C. Efficacy of saflufenacil-alone was inconsistent in spring and varied between the biotypes, but the control with saflufenacil + glyphosate was excellent and consistent between seasons. Glyphosate-alone provided good control of all three biotypes at the 5- to 8-leaf stage in the fall, but the control was poor in spring. Therefore, saflufenacil-alone can provide excellent control of C. bonariensis plants prior to the bolting stage in the fall; but in spring, it will be more effective when applied with glyphosate.
On-chip testing techniques for RF wireless transceiver systems and components

The combination of a switched loop-back architecture with the use of the recently developed on-chip testing devices demonstrated in integrated implementations significantly enhances the testability of an RF transceiver. The on-chip testing devices show that the direct, on-chip observation of analogue and RF building blocks at megahertz and gigahertz frequencies can be performed in a CMOS process, and with a minimum area and parasitic loading overhead. The presented strategy enables the test of the entire wireless system and its individual building blocks at the wafer level through digital information. The use of external analogue/RF equipment or components is avoided, allowing the implementation of a practical and cost-effective test solution. Extending the proposed concepts to implementations in current deep submicron technologies opens significant opportunities for improved performance as well as the solution to new challenges.
Two Crystal Forms of A. Cycloclastes Nitrite Reductase

Nitrite reductase is one of a series of copper-containing proteins found in a denitrification pathway, in which nitrate is eventually converted to nitrogen gas1. The reaction catalyzed by NIR, converting nitrite to nitric oxide (NO2 - to NO) is also carried out by a heme protein, cytochrome cd1, which is detected in about twice as many organisms as is the copper protein. NIR has been biochemically characterized in at least eight organisms (see Table 1). Copper content and subunit composition appear to vary, but there is mounting evidence in addition to the antibody studies cited above that the first four of the NIRs listed in Table 1 are more similar to each other than previously believed (see notes in Table 1). NO is the primary product of NIR using ascorbate/phenazine methylsulfonate or a cupredoxin as the reducing agent2 3; N2O can be produced when hydroxylamine is present. Jackson et al4 have shown that NO acts as an inhibitor of its own production, and in a separate study, that 18O is not incorporated into product for A. cycloclastes and P. aureofaciens NIR, while it may be for R. sphaeroides NIR5.
Absorption, circular dichroism, and photoluminescence in perylene diimide bichromophores: polarization-dependent H- and J-aggregate behavior.

Using a single-mode Holstein Hamiltonian with through-space excitonic couplings evaluated quantum mechanically, the absorption, circular dichroism, and photoluminescence spectral line shapes of a chiral perylene diimide dimer complex were accurately reproduced. In general, a dimer consisting of two chromophores related through a C2 rotation is neither a J- nor an H-aggregate because oscillator strength is divided between the top and bottom of the exciton band. The division gives rise to the two Davydov components per vibronic band in the absorption spectrum. Nevertheless, it is shown that the vibronic structure of the absorption component polarized in the same direction as the lower (upper) Davydov component is identical to what one would obtain from an ideal J- (H-) aggregate. Emission generally contains both polarization components, but the component polarized in the same direction as the lower (upper) Davydov component behaves similarly to the emission from an ideal J- (H-) aggregate. The basic photoph...
Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of 4-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates: identification of new potent and selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonists.

As part of our ongoing interest in identifying novel agonists acting at metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptors, we have explored the effect of structural modifications of 1S,2S,5R,6S-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY354740), a potent and pharmacologically balanced mGlu2/3 receptor agonist. Incorporation of relatively small substituents (e.g., F, O) at the C4 position of this molecule resulted in additional highly potent mGlu2/3 agonists that demonstrate excellent selectivity over the other mGlu receptor subtypes, while addition of larger C4-substituents (e.g., SPh) led to a loss of agonist potency and/or the appearance of weak mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist activity. Further characterization of the α-fluoro-substituted analogue (LY459477) in vivo revealed that this molecule possesses good oral bioavailability in rats and effectively suppresses phencyclidine-evoked locomotor activity at doses that do not impair neuromuscular coordination. This molecule therefore represents a valuable new ...
Present situation and epidemic trend of dental caries among primary and middle school students in Guangxi in 2010

[Objective]To analyze the present situation of dental caries among primary and middle school students in Guangxi in 2010,provide the basis for developing the caries prevention measures.[Methods]The data of dental caries of 5 954 primary and middle school students from the student physical health monitoring in Guangxi in 2010 were analyzed.[Results]The caries rate of primary teeth was 52.1%,which decreased with increasing age(P0.01).The caries rate of permanent teeth was 37.4%,which increased with increasing age(P0.01).The caries rates of primary teeth and permanent teeth in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas.The caries rates of Zhuang nationality students were higher than those of Han nationality and Yao nationality students.There was no significant difference in caries rate of primary teeth,and the caries rate of permanent teeth in girls was higher than that in boys.In same age group,the caries rates of primary teeth and permanent teeth showed a rising trend during 1995 and 2010(P0.01).The caries filling rate was low,especially in rural students and Yao nationality students.[Conclusion]According to the main problems at present,the keys of caries prevention still are rural areas and minority nationality regions in the future.It is necessary to strengthen the investment for oral health care in rural schools,as well as establish and perfect the school oral health care system.
NCCN Urothelial Cancer Practice Guidelines

Urothelial tumors represent a spectrum of diseases with a range of prognoses. Once a diagnosis is established at any point on the urothelial tract, the patient remains at risk for developing a new lesion at a different or the same location, at a similar or more advanced stage. Continued monitoring for recurrence is an essential part of management, as most recurrences are superficial and can be managed by endoscopic means. Within each category of disease, more refined methods to determine prognosis and guide management, based on molecular staging, are under development. These methods are aimed at optimizing the individual patient's likelihood of cure and chance for organ preservation. For patients with more extensive disease, newer treatments typically involve combined-modality approaches using recently developed surgical procedures, or three-dimensional treatment planning for more precise delivery of radiation therapy. While these are not appropriate in all cases, they do offer the promise of an improved quality of life and prolonged survival. Finally, within the category of metastatic disease, a number of new agents have been identified that appear to be superior to those currently considered to be standard therapies. It is thought, therefore, that the treatment of urothelial tumors will evolve rapidly over the next few years, with improved outcomes for patients with all stages of disease.
Clinical effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in dementia.

Imotor disturbance of Parkinson’s disease may be complicated by subcortical dementia in some patients, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the two most common forms of cortical dementia. The hallmark cognitive decline of dementia is accompanied by behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia, such as agitation, aggression, paranoia, other psychotic symptoms, sleep disturbance, and disturbed mood. This heterogeneous group of signs and symptoms has a devastating impact on the day-to-day lives of patients and their caregivers, and is often the trigger for placement of patients in nursing home care. Addressing these distressing signs and symptoms is a key goal of treatment in patients with dementia, and a range of psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions exist. Recently, the clinical effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in dementia was considered by 4 experts at a symposium held at the 11th International Psychogeriatric Association congress (Chicago, Ill., Aug. 17‐22, 2003). The following series of articles reports on this highly successful, CME-accredited meeting. Professor Brian A. Lawlor from the University of Dublin, Ireland, underlines the nature and clinical significance of the expected behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms. These can lead to significant impairment of quality of life for patients and their caregivers. Indeed, the development of these signs and symptoms has a greater impact on caregiver burden and need for institutionalized care than cognitive deficits. Consequently, such behavioral features are now recognized as an important therapeutic target in dementia, and the identification of particular problematic symptoms and their context is valuable. Approaches to management, including behavioral therapies and caregiver support, are reviewed. The need for evidence-based, welltolerated pharmacotherapies in this particularly vulnerable patient population is also highlighted. Atypical antipsychotics play a key role in the treatment of such behavioral features, especially agitation and psychosis, although the side effect profile of individual agents is likely to have an impact on treatment decisions. In the second article, Professor Pierre N. Tariot and coauthors from the University of Rochester, N.Y., reinforce the view that the main goal of pharmacotherapy in patients with dementia is to relieve distressing agitation and/or psychosis. Clinical experience with the established atypical antipsychotics risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, as well as preliminary findings with aripiprazole, is described. Although these agents show similar efficacy, differing tolerability profiles have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease populations. Head-to-head com
Fluorescent dye assay for detection of DNA in recombinant protein products

A homogeneous fluorescence-based DNA detection system has been developed to measure DNA in protein solutions. The technique relies on the increase in fluorescence of a dye molecule when it intercalates into double-stranded (ds) DNA. The increased fluorescence is a direct measurement of the amount of DNA in the sample. The analysis time required per sample is less than 5 min. The dye has absorbance and emission maxima at 485 and 530 nm, respectively. The assay is linear from 98 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL of DNA in buffers containing no proteins with typical relative standard deviation values of less than 2.4%. The assay performance was evaluated under various matrix conditions, including buffers, pH, ionic salts, detergents, denaturants and organic solvents. Each reagent was tested at several concentrations to determine how the slope and linearity (r value) of the standard curve were affected. Even in the presence of matrix components and protein, the assay was able to quantitatively detect picogram to nanogram levels of DNA. The fluorescence can be removed by DNase treatment. This method is specific for dsDNA with RNA emitting less than 2% intensity of an equivalent mass of DNA.
Mebendazole and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory combine to reduce tumor initiation in a colon cancer preclinical model.

// Tara Williamson 1 , Ren-Yuan Bai 1 , Verena Staedtke 2 , David Huso 3 , Gregory J. Riggins 1, 4 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 4 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Gregory J. Riggins, email: griggin1@jhmi.edu Keywords: mebendazole, sulindac, FAP, APC, colon cancer Received: June 04, 2016 Accepted: August 22, 2016 Published: September 06, 2016 ABSTRACT Inheritance of a gene mutation leads to the initiation of 5 to 10% of most cancers, including colon cancer cases. We developed a chemoprevention strategy using a novel combination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) sulindac plus the anthelminthic benzimidazole, mebendazole. This oral drug combination was effective in the Apc Min/+ mouse model of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). Treatment with 35 mg/kg daily mebendazole reduced the number of intestinal adenomas by 56% (P = 0.0002), 160 ppm sulindac by 74% (P < 0.0001), and the combination by 90% (P < 0.0001). The combination significantly reduced microadenomas, polyp number and size in both the small intestines and colon when compared to untreated controls or sulindac alone. Mebendazole as a single agent decreased COX2 expression, blood vessel formation, VEGFR2 phosphorylation, and worked synergistically with sulindac to reduce overexpression of MYC, BCL2, and various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Given the low toxicity of mebendazole, these preclinical findings support the consideration of clinical trials for high risk cancer patients using mebendazole either alone or in combination. The findings have implications for populations with moderate and above risk for developing cancer.
Optimal restrictions on vehicle use for urban sustainability for Mexico City

This paper describes and develops the conditions that make the demand side policy of vehicle use restrictions part of a cost–effective set of environmental control policies. Mexico City's experience with vehicle use restrictions is described and its failure analysed. It is argued that Mexico City took a step in the right direction, but failed to make the restrictions flexible, thereby making the policy perverse. A programme of tradable vehicle use permits is presented and described that would provide the needed flexibility and promote urban sustainability.
Abstract P101: Genetic Variation of Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase Influences Cardiovascular Function in Healthy Humans

Objectives: Genetic susceptibility to hypertension can be caused by alterations in cardiovascular and/or renal function. Previous work using genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that the gene that encodes phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is a candidate for hypertension. Follow-up studies confirmed that the gene that encodes PNMT may alter susceptibility to hypertension in African Americans, although no mechanistic data was assessed. Genetic variation of PNMT alters the catecholamine response to exercise, and variation of PNMT at position -182 has been associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Methods: We sought to determine the influence of genetic variation of PNMT (A-182G) on renal Na+ handling and cardiovascular function in humans. We collected serum epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), 24-hour urine, serum Na+, K+, and creatinine, and measured cardiac output (Q, acetylene rebreathing), heart rate (HR, 12-lead EKG), blood pressure (systolic, SBP, diastolic, DBP, and calculated mean arterial, MAP) and calculated fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa), stroke volume (SV), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in 20 normotensive subjects (n: AA=6 and GG=14). Results: We found that the GG genotype had higher Epi and Epi/NE when compared to AA (Epi=98±21 vs. 53±10pg/l; NE= 344±56 vs. 462±79pg/l; Epi/NE= 0.31±0.07 vs. 0.13±0.03, for GG and AA, respectively, mean±SE, p<0.05 for Epi and Epi/NE). We found no differences between the genotype groups in 24hr. renal Na+ handling (serum Na+, urine Na+, or FENa). We found no differences in HR, SBP, or SV between the groups. The GG group had a trend towards a lower DBP, and MAP, but these did not reach statistical significance (DBP= 70±3 vs. 75±2mmHg; MAP= 83±3 vs. 87±2mmHg, for GG and AA, respectively, mean±SE). The GG group had a higher Q and a lower SVR when compared to the AA group (Q= 6.0±0.5 vs. 4.8±0.4 l/min; SVR= 1020±64 vs. 1316±95 dynes*sec/cm5, for GG and AA, respectively mean±SE, p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that genetic variation of PNMT can influence resting blood pressure in normotensive individuals and that this may be the result of cardiovascular function, rather than renal Na+ handling.
Relationship between substance use and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among veterans filing PTSD claims.

Abstract Introduction Veterans in distress often do not seek mental health treatment, even when such services are available. Substance use may further undermine treatment-seeking, given its association with negative treatment views. This study examined attitudes towards seeking psychological help in a sample of veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with and without co-occurring substance use disorders (SUD). Methods Altogether, 143 male OEF/OIF veterans filing service-connected benefits claims for PTSD completed the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) and other baseline assessments. Treatment attitudes were compared among veterans with ( n = 34) and without ( n = 109) SUD using ANCOVA, controlling for demographic covariates. Post-hoc ANCOVA compared means on the two ATSPPH-SF subscales: Openness to Seeking Treatment, and Value/Need in Seeking Treatment. Results Overall, ATSPPH-SF scores were similar to those reported in other samples of young men. Controlling for demographic covariates, veterans with co-occurring SUD held significantly less favorable attitudes towards seeking help than veterans without comorbid SUD. In subscale analyses, valuation of treatment was significantly lower among veterans with SUDs, but openness towards treatment was not. Conclusions Substance-using veterans' lower valuation of treatment may reflect opinions that problems resolve on their own, psychotherapy is ineffective, or concerns that SUDs complicate treatment. Thus an approach towards engaging these veterans in treatment that addresses a general skepticism towards the value of psychological help is warranted.
Trade-offs in continuous integration: assurance, security, and flexibility

Continuous integration (CI) systems automate the compilation, building, and testing of software. Despite CI being a widely used activity in software engineering, we do not know what motivates developers to use CI, and what barriers and unmet needs they face. Without such knowledge, developers make easily avoidable errors, tool builders invest in the wrong direction, and researchers miss opportunities for improving the practice of CI. We present a qualitative study of the barriers and needs developers face when using CI. We conduct semi-structured interviews with developers from different industries and development scales. We triangulate our findings by running two surveys. We find that developers face trade-offs between speed and certainty (Assurance), between better access and information security (Security), and between more configuration options and greater ease of use (Flexi- bility). We present implications of these trade-offs for developers, tool builders, and researchers.
Znaczenie prognostyczne histologii guza i metody leczenia w przypadku raka płaskonabłonkowego, gruczolakoraka i raka gruczołowo-płaskonabłonkowego szyjki macicy w stadium IB1: badanie zapisów z rejestru SEER dotyczących lat 2004–2008

Objective: To determine the significance of histology and treatment modality on overall survival and cause-specific survival in stage IB1 cervical...
Integrating Data Collection Into Office Work Flow and Electronic Health Records for Clinical Outcomes Research

Meticulous collection of clinical outcomes metrics in patients undergoing elective surgery is important to ensure quality care; it is also increasing in importance as the Centers for Medicare & Med...
Weight Control Program and Gestational Weight Gain in Disadvantaged Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a home-based lifestyle intervention delivered through Parents as Teachers (PAT) to reduce excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods This was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted as part of the LIFE-Moms consortium at a single university-based tertiary care institution from October 2012 to March 2016. There were 267 socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) African American women with overweight or obesity (BMI 25.0-45.0 kg/m2 before pregnancy. Participants were randomized to therapy with standard PAT alone (n = 134) or PAT plus a lifestyle intervention program embedded within the standard PAT program (PAT+) (n = 133). Both interventions were delivered in 10 biweekly home visits during pregnancy. The primary outcome was the percentage of women whose GWG exceeded the Institute of Medicine guidelines, and secondary outcomes included both weekly and total GWG. Results Compared with the standard PAT group in the intent-to-treat analysis, the PAT + group gained less weekly (0.4 kg vs. 0.5 kg/wk; P = 0.04) and total (8.0 kg vs. 9.6 kg; P = 0.02) weight during gestation. Fewer participants in the PAT + group had excessive total GWG (36.1% vs. 45.9%), but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.11). Conclusions PAT + reduced the weekly and total GWG in SED African American women with overweight or obesity at the start of pregnancy.
Feasibility of Delivering Varenicline Through a Telephone Quitline to Promote Smoking Cessation

Introduction: Telephone quitlines are an easily accessible and effective means for delivering cessation services including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Varenicline (VAR) may show superior quit rates to NRT, but has not been routinely evaluated in the context of quitlines.Aims: To assess the feasibility of distributing VAR through a quitline, and preliminarily compare cessation rates between participants receiving VAR and NRT.Methods: Participants were recruited through the New York State Smokers’ Quitline. Those randomised to VAR (n = 200) were instructed to obtain a prescription from their primary care physician (PCP) to be filled by mail through the research pharmacy. Those randomised to NRT (n = 100) were mailed NRT using an existing protocol. Outcome measures were number of submitted prescriptions and dispensed medication kits, and self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at follow-up.Results: The research pharmacy filled 100% of prescriptions through the quitline. However, only 27% of the VAR Arm submitted a prescription. An intent-to-treat analysis revealed that those receiving NRT were more likely to be abstinent at follow-up than the VAR Arm (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.27–4.60; p < 0.01). The per-protocol analysis, which only included those in the VAR Arm who submitted a prescription, showed no difference in quit rates.Conclusions: The present protocol resulted in successful delivery of VAR through the quitline, but a sizable proportion of the VAR Arm did not submit a prescription. Self-reported barriers included being unable to obtain a prescription from a PCP. Future studies should explore alternative methods for delivering VAR through quitlines.
Why Don’t We Report Sexual Harassment? An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

The study found that an individual’s attitudes toward the behavior, normative beliefs, and perceived behavioral control predicted an individual’s intention to report an incident of hostile environm...
Quantitative Sensory Testing, Antihistamines, and Beta-Blockers for Management of Persistent Breast Pain: A Case Series.

Abstract Background: It is not uncommon for mothers to have persistent pain with breastfeeding beyond the first few weeks after birth. Persistent pain can be multifactorial, with neuropathic pain m...
Methods of Immunoprophylaxis Against Bovine Anaplasmosis with Emphasis on use of the Attenuated Anaplasma Marginale Vaccine

One of the major obstacles to the development of methods for immunoprophy-laxis against hemotropic diseases has been the lack of techniques for in vitro propagation of the causative agents (Anaplasma, Babesia), or the availability of similar systems for laboratory production of arthropod-associated “prototype” antigens (trypanosomes). A recent accomplishment in this direction has been the development of cell culture methods for Theileria parva, the causative agent of East Coast fever. While this step is considered an important breakthrough providing incentive for more optimistic future endeavors in the entire field, the accomplishment must not be viewed as an indication that this technique can be directly applied to other hemotropic agents. Theileria parva actively invades cellular elements of both the erythrocytic and lymphocytic series, the latter being adapted to in vitro propagation. Anaplasma, Babesia, and Plasmodium are considered to primarily affect the more inert circulating erythrocyte which, rather than offering replication ability in cell culture, continues its in vivo destiny of degeneration.
Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the classification of pulmonary allograft rejection : Lung Rejection Study Group

In 1990, an international grading scheme for the grading of pulmonary allograft rejection was instituted. The use of this classification has resulted in a uniformity of grading which has allowed inter-institutional collaborations and communication unique in allograft monitoring. In 1995 an expanded group of international pathologists convened and revised the original proposal. This article summarizes the updated classification for pulmonary allograft rejection. In brief, acute rejection is based on perivascular and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. Each grade of acute rejection should mention the presence of coexistent airway inflammation, the intensity of which may also be graded. Chronic rejection is divided into bronchiolitis obliterans--active or inactive--and vascular atherosclerosis--accelerated arterial or venous sclerosis.
Polarization engineered N-polar Cs-free GaN photocathodes

We report on holistic and systemic approach of development of Cs-free GaN photocathode structures which utilize polarization band engineering in order to allow for air stable operation and eliminate the need for cesium-based surface treatments. Physics-based simulation of band structure and Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and emission were used to guide experimental development of photocathode structures. By using an N-polar device, the polarization charge allows for the creation of large surface band bending without the need for δ-doped capping layers. The insertion of a thin AlN interlayer allows for the creation of a quasi-band offset and additional beneficial polarization charge to create a desirable band profile. Samples of both polarities were grown and subjected to chemical surface treatments in order to account for differences in native oxide formation on Ga- and N-polar surfaces. Measured photoemission spectra show quantum efficiencies as high as 23% for a HCl-treated Cs-free N-polar photocathode, which is comparable to cesiated devices.
The landscape of urological retractions: the prevalence of reported research misconduct

Author(s): Mena, Jorge D; Ndoye, Medina; Cohen, Andrew J; Kamal, Puneet; Breyer, Benjamin N | Abstract: ObjectivesTo evaluate the landscape of retractions of literature and to determine the prevalence of research misconduct in the field of urology.MethodsThree databases (PUBMED, Embase, Retraction Watch) were queried for all retracted studies on urological topics in both urological and non-urological journals from April 1999 to March 2018. Two reviewers screened the records and determined the final list of articles to be included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 138 articles met the inclusion criteria. Over 80% of retractions occurred after 2009. Retractions originated from 76 different journals (13 urological journals) and 28 countries. The most common reasons for retraction were plagiarism (28%), fake peer review (20%), error (20%), and falsification of data (13%). Misconduct accounted for two-thirds of the retractions (n = 93). A large watermark, indicating retraction of the article, was present in 75% of the manuscripts. Articles were cited a total of 4454 times, 38% of citations happened after retraction. The majority of retracted articles related to urological oncology (70%). The highest number of retractions for an individual author was five. Rates of retraction among popular urological journals since 2010 have increased but remain a small proportion of all publications: BJUI, 0.189%; World Journal of Urology, 0.132%; European Urology, 0.058%; Urology, 0.047%; and Journal of Urology, 0.024%.ConclusionRetractions of urological literature, similarly to retractions of other biomedical literature, have been rising over the last decade. The majority of these retractions stem from research misconduct. Despite retractions, flawed articles continued to be cited.
The other ‘fake’ news: Professional ideals and objectivity ambitions in brand journalism:

The recent ascendance of brand journalism – whereby corporations employ news-like labor and means to court consumers and cultivate consciousness – raises serious concerns about the church–state bou...
Ionic Strength-Dependent Interactions and Dimensions of Adsorbed Zwitterionic Copolymers.

We report direct measurements of ionic strength-dependent interactions between different molecular weights of zwitterionic triblock copolymers adsorbed to hydrophobic colloids and surfaces. The zwitterionic copolymers investigated include phosphorylcholine [poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)] and sulfopropylbetaine [poly(3-(N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate) (PMAPS)] end blocks separated by poly(propylene oxide) center blocks. The range of repulsion between adsorbed PMAPS copolymer layers increases with increasing NaCl from 0.01 to 3 M, and layer thicknesses range from ∼50 to 100% of the PMAPS block contour length. In contrast, repulsion between PMPC layers does not change for 0.01–3 M NaCl, and layers remain near full extension at their contour length. NaCl-dependent interactions and inferred layer dimensions correlate with hydrodynamic layer thickness and polymer second virial coefficients. These results suggest that the interaction range and layer thickne...
QSAR Use in REACH Analyses of Alternatives to Predict Human Health and Environmental Toxicity of Alternative Chemical Substances

In 2006, the European Union (EU) enacted the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) to address growing concerns of hazardous chemicals in the EU market. Under REACH, companies seeking authorization to use priority substances identified as substances of very high concern (SVHCs) and included in the authorization list must apply and submit health and environmental effects data in analyses of alternatives (AoAs) to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). To assess safer alternatives, especially in AoA hazard assessment cases where vital information could be missing or insufficient, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) nontesting methods have gained increasing acceptance and importance. This article assesses AoA applicants' use of QSAR sources and documentation while looking for meaningful trends. In this assessment, usage and frequency of QSAR sources were evaluated in 189 analyses of alternatives for 15 physicochemical properties and 19 human health and environmental endpoints to determine the scope of purpose of QSAR use in AoAs. We found that only 24 out of 189 applications cited QSAR sources to rank or evaluate the safety of their alternative substances relative to the REACH Annex XIV chemical. For human health and environmental hazard endpoints, applicants cited the Danish (Q)SAR Database (n = 63) and unidentified QSARs (n = 36) most frequently. While QSARs were not used to eliminate an alternative, 7.9% and 1.4% per maximum opportunity (MOP) of hazard endpoint and physicochemical QSAR predictions reported background information on alternatives using weight of evidence (WoE). In addition, 3.0% per MOP of hazard endpoint QSAR predictions supported the safety of the alternative while 0.7% per MOP of physicochemical QSAR predictions gave mixed support for their alternative's safety. Documentation regarding QSARs was absent in all 24 AoAs that used QSARs. Limited QSAR use and missing documentation may be the result of several factors, including inconsistent regulatory guidance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:745-760. © 2020 SETAC.
Diversity and Inclusion Practices in Nonprofit Associations: A Resource-Dependent and Institutional Analysis

Since the early 1990s, diversity and inclusion (D&I) efforts have received increasing attention among management scholars. Although the benefits and challenges of implementing D&I practices are now well established, few studies have explored the extent to which nonprofit associations, in particular, engage in D&I efforts. As such, we have no knowledge of the role that associations play in assisting with the diffusion of these practices throughout their respective professional fields or trades. Therefore, using a national survey of over 150 executives of nonprofit associations, this study explores the institutional and resource-based challenges associations face when seeking to implement D&I practices, both within their organizations and throughout their professional fields and trades. While the findings from this study suggest that nonprofit associations only engage in D&I practices to a modest degree, there is also evidence of institutional entrepreneurship. Implications of these findings for research on D&I practices in nonprofit associations as well as for association practitioners seeking to improve their D&I programming are provided.