cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged 65 years or younger

Background Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has classically been reserved for patients older than 65 years with rotator cuff arthropathy, pseudoparalysis, and severe pain. This investigation assessed outcomes in a consecutive series of patients aged 65 and younger undergoing primary RTSA. Methods There were 63 patients (67 shoulders; 40 women, 27 men) with a mean age of 60 years (range, 50-65 years). Indications were cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) in 51, severe glenohumeral arthritis in 15, and osteonecrosis in 1. The primary end point was revision-free implant survival. Pain scale, motion, strength, and radiographic outcomes were also studied. Results At a mean follow-up of 3 years (range, 2-8 years), the 2-year and 5-year revision-free survival was 99% and 91%, and reoperation-free survival was 97% and 90%, respectively. Complications occurred in 9%. Smoking increased the risk for revision, reoperation, and complications ( P P P P Conclusions At both 2 and 5 years, RTSA is a reliable operation in patients aged younger than 65 years. Patients gain significant improvements in pain level, range of motion, and strength, without a large number of early failures. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand late component mechanical problems and loosening.
Long-Term Valproate Hematologic Side Effects

Hematologic side effects in 60 patients, aged 2-29 years (mean 14 years), receiving valproate (VPA) monotherapy for >4 years in a long-term care facility, are reported from the Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina.
Indirect effects of invasive Burmese pythons on ecosystems in southern Florida

ummary Invasive predators can dramatically alter ecosystems through both direct predation and indirect effects such as tropic cascades. However, most examples of top-down effects of invasive predators in terrestrial systems stem from islands or similar low-diversity ecosystems. Snakes are an emerging guild of damaging invasive predators, but demonstration of ecosystem-level impacts of invasive snakes are limited to the single case of the brown treesnake on Guam. Invasive Burmese pythons are firmly established in southern Florida and have been linked to severe (80–100%) declines of several previously common mammal species (e.g. raccoons, opossums and rabbits). Specifically, spatiotemporal patterns of mammal declines in the Everglades mirror the spread of pythons and experimental reintroductions of rabbits to areas where they had been extirpated failed due to high (77% of mortalities) rates of predation by pythons. I evaluated the potential indirect effects of pythons on the nesting success of oviparous species by monitoring artificial turtle nests (N = 183) at 13 sites across the expanding range of the python population. I documented few mammals and low rates of nest predation (average score = 1·5 on a 1–5 scale) in the southern Everglades where pythons have been established the longest, intermediate (average score = 2·3) rates of nest predation at recently invaded sites, and very high (average score = 4·6) rates of nest predation at sites with few or no pythons. These findings represent the first documentation of potential indirect effects of pythons on non-prey species, and suggest that loss or decline of mammals is resulting in trophic cascades that threaten the Everglades ecosystem. Synthesis and applications. My results suggest that an introduction of non-native apex predators can result in trophic cascades that alter even complex, continental ecosystems. The Burmese python invasion of South Florida shows remarkable parallels with the catastrophic case of the brown treesnake in Guam, but in some ways is even more worrisome. Documentation of both strong direct impacts on prey and potential indirect effects on Everglades’ ecosystems within 15 years after being recognized as established emphasizes the need to integrate python management into restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem. More broadly, non-native snakes warrant significant attention for their potential to become damaging invasive species.
Manipulation of the Biological Environment for Insect Pest Suppression

The modern concept of biological insect pest suppression encompasses more than just the practices of classical biological control as presented in the preceding chapters. We may also include within our current thinking a host of old and very new techniques which all come under the umbrella of biological pest suppression in that they involve human manipulation of the biological environment of the pest. Through judicious interference, we can beneficially modify the species characteristics (i.e. internal environment) of the pest or some of the density-independent conditioning forces in its external environment. For convenience we may generally divide the techniques used into two groups: those involving other members of the ecosystem, and those concerned directly with the pest itself. In the former group we may include such ancient and time-tested practices as breeding hosts for pest resistance (Chap. 4.1) and various cultural manipulations (Chap. 4.2) which together constitute a system for modifying the density-independent conditioning elements of the environment in order to reduce its potential carrying capacity for the pest. The latter group includes a number of more recently developed techniques that are basically aimed at modifying species characteristics of the pest, such as alteration of genetic makeup or reproductive capacity (Chap. 4.3), or interference with normal behavioral and developmental functions (Chap. 4.4).
Estimating the Prevalence of Religious Content in Intelligent Design Social Media

Can machine learning prove useful in deciding sociological questions that are difficult for humans to judge impartially? We propose that it can, and even simple methods can be useful for evaluating evidence with reduced influence from human bias. Our case study is intelligent design (ID) social media, particularly the detection of religious content therein. Being a polarizing topic, critics of intelligent design claim that all intelligent design output consists of religious content, whereas defenders argue that ID is primarily motivated by scientific, not religious, concerns. To help determine where the truth lies, we use classifiers trained on the topically categorized 20 newsgroups dataset, applying the trained learners to automatically classify ID blog documents. As a control, we perform the same analysis on documents drawn from prominent mainstream evolutionary science blogs. Our classification results demonstrate a significant portion of religious and political content in the intelligent design dataset as judged by a non-human classifier, and a similarity in the proportion of documents assigned to religious and political categories in the evolutionary science blog dataset, likely indicating a dependence of discussion topics within the two communities.
The Effects of Middle School Weight Climate on Youth With Higher Body Weight

This study examines whether social-emotional difficulties associated with higher body weight vary across schools as a function of the school's weight climate. Weight climate, characterized by weight-policing, was assessed indirectly by examining how strongly self-reported weight predicts victim reputation within 26 ethnically diverse middle schools. Social-emotional indicators included self-reported loneliness, school belonging, and self-esteem. In schools with stronger weight-policing at seventh grade, loneliness was intensified by eighth grade among both girls (n = 2,101) and boys (n = 1,985) with higher weight. Similar effects were found for low self-esteem among girls. Additionally, boys-regardless of their weight-reported lower sense of belonging in schools with stronger weight-policing. The study offers a new method to estimate school weight climate, and the findings provide insights for interventions.
Understanding, Problem-Solving, and Conscious Reflection

According to Zagzebski (2001), understanding something is justified by the exercise of cognitive skills and intellectual virtues the knower possesses. Zagzebski develops her view by suggesting that “understanding has internalist conditions for success” (2001, p. 246). Against this view, Grimm (2017) raises an objection: what justifies understanding is the reliability of the processes by which we come to understand, and we need not be aware of the outcome of all reliable processes. Understanding is no exception, so, given that understanding something results from reliable processes, we need not always be aware of what we understand. I reply to Grimm’s objection; I argue that Zagzebski’s internalist requirement is best conceived as accessibility to conscious reflection. The accessibility condition is satisfied because understanding solves problems on the knower’s research agenda. And whenever problem-solving is non-trivial (in most real-life cognitive situations), the knower needs to reflect on what the best solving strategy is.
Undergraduate Capstone Projects on Multi-Robot Systems.

Santa Clara University's Robotic Systems Laboratory has developed a highly successful robotics-based undergraduate education program that provides a wide range of learning experience relating to computer science and engineering fundamentals. A key element of this program is the senior capstone experience, a yearlong project that is typically hands-on, interdisciplinary, and team-based. These projects provide a comprehensive educational environment by exposing students to the breadth of engineering, all phases of a development cycle, and the challenges of managing a group enterprise. Over the past four years, a number of these projects have made significant contributions to the Lab's research program in multi-robot systems, ranging from the development of key testbeds to the execution of significant experimental demonstrations. This article reviews the Santa Clara program, presents specific undergraduate contributions to our multi-robot research program made by senior capstone students, and details some lessons learned regarding the value of such robotics-oriented work in an undergraduate educational environment. (f) OV-1 Airship (g) Bronco UAVs (h) High Altitude Balloon (i) ONYX satellite (j) Mission Ops Center Figure 1. A sample of SCU robotic projects. (a) The student-built Triton ROV is routinely used for marine geology, ecology and archeology missions along the US West Coast, in Lake Tahoe and in the Arctic. (b) The student-built WASP boat is a prototype autonomous vessel for estuary health monitoring in Alaska. (c) The student-built Roverwerx rover is used as a telerobotics testbed. (d) The student-reengineered IBM manipulator is used for experiments in manipulation and haptics. (e) The student re-engineered Meade telescope is used to prototype autonomous ground-based telescope networks. (f) The OV-1 airship is a prototype of a multi-airship aerial monitoring system. (g) The student-engineered Bronco UAV aircraft are used for aerial monitoring and as a formation control testbed. (h) Student-built high altitude balloons are used as simple educational projects and are capable of vertical atmospheric sampling and Earth limb photography. (i) The student-built ONYX nanosatellite is being used to demonstrate a novel multi-spectral imaging system and autonomous control technologies. (j) The RSL mission operations center is used for the tele-operation and mission control of a wide variety of robotic systems.
Money Matters of African Americans

This chapter highlights studies involving African Americans and money matters. Four themes are covered: money knowledge, wealth, spending choices, and retirement. Albeit slow, as a group African Americans or Blacks are making progress on the journey to financial security. Like the rest of the nation, financial knowledge could be improved. Their participation in the stock market has increased, yet it still trails the participation rates of other racial groups. Their spending power is expected to rise with their increased education level. They are as confident as all American workers about their retirement security although their savings and other preparations could be improved.
Determination of free reduced and total glutathione in wheat flours by an isotope dilution assay

An isotope dilution assay (IDA) for free reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione (GSH, oxidised glutathione and protein-bound glutathione) was developed and its accuracy and sensitivity were established. The new method for GSH required extraction of flour samples with a buffer at pH 4.5 containingN-ethyl maleimide (NEMI) and14C-labelled S-(N-ethylsuccinimido) glutathione ([14C]GS-NEMI), purification of the labelled and unlabelled GS-NEMI by three Chromatographic steps and assay of the specific radioactivity of the GS-NEMI isolated. Total glutathione was assayed after reduction with dithioerythritpl. Applications of the IDA indicated that the levels of GSH (16–41 nmol/g) and total glutathione (170–185 nmol/g) were relatively low in flours with low ash contents, but increased with increasing extraction grade. The level of GSH was higher in a flour obtained from kernels that were ground in the absence of gaseous oxygen. Storage of flours reduced the GSH concentration. IDA of fractions obtained from flour showed that the extraction residue, mainly consisting of starch and glutelins, contained most of the bound glutathione.
Classification theory: 1985

In this brief survey we have tried to place classification theory in a historical setting. We have described some of the notable results in the subject and indicated some current problems. We have touched on the lively interaction between stability theory and finite group theory. We have explored in more detail the beginnings of what we hope will be an equally fruitful interaction with the theory of algebraic groups.
Late to the Party: On the Prolonged Partisan Socialization Process of Second-Generation Americans

This article posits that the key to understanding the low levels of political involvement within contemporary immigrant communities, such as Asian and Latino communities, requires a closer examination of the partisan socialization process of the native-born children of immigrants. This article finds that many native-born children of immigrants, otherwise known as second-generation Americans, experience what I call a “prolonged partisan socialization process.” In the absence of parental partisan transmission, many second-generation Americans are left to find their own path to partisan attainment. The consequences of this are that many second-generation Americans eventually come to find their partisan identity outside of the home and much later in life. These findings disrupt the traditional partisan attainment story, which assumes that partisanship is the product of a process of socialization led by parents. Accounting for this prolonged socialization process provides significant insight into why partisan identification, and by extension political participation, among many second-generation Americans, such as Latinos and Asians appears muted. Therefore, while it will likely take some time for many within these contemporary immigrant communities to reach “partisan maturity,” we should not mistake the prolonged socialization process to mean that these individuals are destined to be politically disengaged.
The cost-effectiveness of opportunistic salpingectomy versus standard tubal ligation at the time of cesarean delivery for ovarian cancer risk reduction

Abstract Objectives Opportunistic salpingectomy is a cost-effective strategy recommended for ovarian cancer (OvCa) risk reduction at the time of gynecologic surgery in women who have completed childbearing. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of opportunistic salpingectomy compared to standard tubal ligation (TL) during cesarean delivery. Study design A cost-effectiveness analysis using decision modeling to compare opportunistic salpingectomy to TL at the time of cesarean using probabilities of procedure completion derived from a trial. Probability and cost inputs were derived from local data and the literature. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in 2017 U.S. dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000/QALY. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed for all variables. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis determined the proportion of simulations in which each strategy would be cost-effective. Results Opportunistic salpingectomy was cost-effective compared to TL with an ICER of $26,616 per QALY. In 10,000 women desiring sterilization with cesarean, opportunistic salpingectomy would result in 17 fewer OvCa diagnoses, 13 fewer OvCa deaths, and 25 fewer unintended pregnancies compared to TL – with an associated cost increase of $4.7 million. The model was sensitive only to OvCa risk reduction from salpingectomy and TL. Opportunistic salpingectomy was not cost-effective if its cost was >$3163.74 more than TL, if the risk-reduction of salpingectomy was 46%. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis opportunistic salpingectomy was cost effective in 75% of simulations. Conclusions In women undergoing cesarean with sterilization, opportunistic salpingectomy is likely cost-effective and may be cost-saving in comparison to TL for OvCa risk reduction.
Redirecting Our Communication Objectives

We’ve known for decades that a chasm has existed between the professional or practitioner’s view of “advertising knowledge, practice, and application” and that of the academic or scholarly communit...
The Influence of Business Case Study Competitions on Students’ Perceptions of Learning:

This study examined the perceptions and expressions of learning of 18 undergraduate students who participated in case study competitions through qualitative inquiry. The participants articulated le...
Chapter 42 – Inherited Magnesium Disorders

The molecular basis for a number of inherited disorders of magnesium homeostasis has been elucidated through discovery of genes encoding proteins critical to renal magnesium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. In the thick limb, mutations in claudins-16 and -19 impair paracellular cation transport and result in familial hypomagnesemia with hypocalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. In the distal convoluted tubule a number of disorders impair active transcellular transport of magnesium. Mutation in the TRPM6 apical magnesium channel impairs gut absorption, as well as renal reabsorption, and causes hypomagnesemia severe enough to alter parathyroid-regulated calcium metabolism, producing hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. The potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kir4.1 are expressed in brain, as well as in distal renal tubule; and mutations not only cause renal magnesium wasting and hypomagnesemia but also neurologic impairment including ataxia. Hypomagnesemia also results from inherited defects in distal tubule basolateral membrane proteins EGF, the γ subunit of the Na/K ATPase, and the calcium-sensing receptor, as well as the sodium chloride cotransporter mutated in Gitelman syndrome, each of which is important in the pathway for transcellular magnesium transport.
Digital Literacy Unpacked. Katharine Reedy and Jo Parker, eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2018. 240p. $87.99 (ISBN: 978-1-78330-197-3).

Although information literacy is not new as a focus for learning theory and instructional design in higher education, it has seen renewed interest in recent years with the adoption of the ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. Accordingly, a number of books and articles have lately been published proposing innovative approaches to the teaching of information literacy, as well as books exploring the value and meaning of information literacy both inside and outside the academy in the twenty-first century. Along with the fresh inquiry into information literacy has come excavation of “other” literacies that, depending on context, exist alongside or within information literacy, such as visual literacy, media literacy, and digital literacy. These works have helped to shed significant light on the work being done in information literacy and beyond. Digital Literacy Unpacked, edited by Katharine Reedy and Jo Parker, is such a work; it presents a multifaceted view of digital literacy today that enhances our understanding of the value and potential of digital literacy in higher education and in the culture at large.
The design and methodology of a usability protocol for the management of medications by families for aging older adults.

Health research apps often do not focus on usability as a design priority. This is problematic when the population of interest is disproportionately underrepresented as users of mobile apps, especially observed with aging older adults (> = 75). Challenges with the adoption of health information technology (HIT) among this group are exacerbated by poor design and user interface/experience (UI/UX) choices. This protocol describes the testing and evaluation process of one HIT app for the family-based collaboration platform InfoSAGE. We aim to recruit twenty subjects from both informal family-caregivers and aging older adults to examine the usability of the InfoSAGE mobile medication manager. Participants will be audio and visually recorded, in addition to the use of screen capture recordings, while ‘thinking aloud’ as they complete eight common use-case scenarios. Multiple independent reviewers will code video and audio recordings for thematic analysis and use problems will be evaluated. Success and failure of each scenario will be determined by completion of sub-events. Time-to-complete analysis will be used to ascertain the learning curve associated with the app. Frequently observed problem areas will be used as the basis of further evolution of the app, and will further inform generalized recommendations for the design of HIT apps for research and public use. This study aims to improve the model of development for dual user populations with dissimilar technological literacy to improve retention and use. Results of this study will form the foundation of a design framework for mobile health apps.
Prefrontal Regulation of Punished Ethanol Self-administration.

Abstract Background A clinical hallmark of alcohol use disorder is persistent drinking despite potential adverse consequences. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are positioned to exert top-down control over subcortical regions, such as the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) and basolateral amygdala, which encode positive and negative valence of ethanol (EtOH)-related stimuli. Prior rodent studies have implicated these regions in regulation of punished EtOH self-administration (EtOH-SA). Methods We conducted in vivo electrophysiological recordings in mouse vmPFC and dmPFC to obtain neuronal correlates of footshock-punished EtOH-SA. Ex vivo recordings were performed in NAcS D1 receptor–expressing medium spiny neurons receiving vmPFC input to examine punishment-related plasticity in this pathway. Optogenetic photosilencing was employed to assess the functional contribution of the vmPFC, dmPFC, vmPFC projections to NAcS, or vmPFC projections to basolateral amygdala, to punished EtOH-SA. Results Punishment reduced EtOH lever pressing and elicited aborted presses (lever approach followed by rapid retraction). Neurons in the vmPFC and dmPFC exhibited phasic firing to EtOH lever presses and aborts, but only in the vmPFC was there a population-level shift in coding from lever presses to aborts with punishment. Closed-loop vmPFC, but not dmPFC, photosilencing on a postpunishment probe test negated the reduction in EtOH lever presses but not in aborts. Punishment was associated with altered plasticity at vmPFC inputs to D1 receptor–expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAcS. Photosilencing vmPFC projections to the NAcS, but not to the basolateral amygdala, partially reversed suppression of EtOH lever presses on probe testing. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a key role for the vmPFC in regulating EtOH-SA after punishment, with implications for understanding the neural basis of compulsive drinking in alcohol use disorder.
An Afrofuturistic Vehicle for Literacy Instruction

Afrofuturism is a storytelling genre that appears in multiple media types, including books, films, television, comics, music, and art. Drawing from genres such as science-fiction, fantasy, horror, ...
A novel use of telemedicine during a hospital mass casualty drill.

During a mass casualty disaster drill at NewYork-Presbyterian’s Lower Manhattan Hospital in April 2019, the Emergency Department (ED) used telemedicine to see low-acuity ‘walking wounded’ patients....
Biology and ecology of Northwest Atlantic seaweeds

Abstract Various types of seaweeds and their habitats are described for the Northwest Atlantic, including lithophytic, psamophytic, epiphytic, endophytic, and parasitic. Excessive epiphytic/epizoic growth may render host seaweeds vulnerable to drag and detachment, while parasitic taxa may cause stress and death of various hosts. Most red algal parasites are adelphoparasites that share a recent common ancestor with free-living host species. The complexity of algal habitats and increased space for associated organisms are due to small-scale variations in shape, size and texture. A description of diverse morphological and anatomical features that are useful for seaweed identifications is presented, as well as taxonomically important life history patterns. Local distributional and longevity patterns for open coastal and estuarine populations in southern Maine and New Hampshire are outlined, plus a strong estuarine reduction pattern. Seaweed community and zonation patterns for the Northwest Atlantic are described for rocky open coastal and estuarine/salt marsh habitats.
Quantifying Nucleic Acid Ensembles with X-ray Scattering Interferometry.

The conformational ensemble of a macromolecule is the complete description of the macromolecule's solution structures and can reveal important aspects of macromolecular folding, recognition, and function. However, most experimental approaches determine an average or predominant structure, or follow transitions between states that each can only be described by an average structure. Ensembles have been extremely difficult to experimentally characterize. We present the unique advantages and capabilities of a new biophysical technique, X-ray scattering interferometry (XSI), for probing and quantifying structural ensembles. XSI measures the interference of scattered waves from two heavy metal probes attached site specifically to a macromolecule. A Fourier transform of the interference pattern gives the fractional abundance of different probe separations directly representing the multiple conformation states populated by the macromolecule. These probe–probe distance distributions can then be used to define the structural ensemble of the macromolecule. XSI provides accurate, calibrated distance in a model-independent fashion with angstrom scale sensitivity in distances. XSI data can be compared in a straightforward manner to atomic coordinates
Recursive Partitioning Analysis for Local Control Achieved With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for the Liver, Spine, or Lymph Nodes

Purpose This study aims to develop a local control risk stratification using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) for patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for metastatic cancer. Methods and Materials A single institutional database of 397 SBRT treatments to the liver, spine, and lymph nodes was constructed. All treatments required imaging follow-up to assess for local control. Cox proportional hazards analysis was implemented before the decision tree analysis. The data were split into training (70%), validation (10%), and testing (20%) sets for RPA to optimize the training set. Results In the study, 361 treatments were included in the local control analysis. Two-year local control was 71%. A decision tree analysis was used and the resulting model demonstrated 93.10% fidelity for the validation set and 87.67% for the test set. RPA class 3 was composed of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) primary tumors and treatment targets other than the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines. RPA class 2 included patients with primary cancers other than NSCLC or breast and treatments targets of the sacral spine or liver. RPA class 1 consisted of all other patients (including lymph node targets and patients with primary breast cancer). Classes 3, 2, and 1 demonstrated 3-year local controls rates of 29%, 50%, and 83%, respectively. On subgroup analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, treatments for lymph nodes and primary ovarian disease demonstrated improved local control relative to other treatment targets (P < .005) and primary disease sites (P < .005), respectively. Conclusions A local control risk stratification model for SBRT to sites of metastatic disease was developed. Treatment target and primary tumor were identified as critical factors determining local control. NSCLC primary lesions have increased local failure for targets other than the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spines, and improved local control was identified for lymph node sites and breast or ovarian primary tumors.
The TIM3/Gal9 signaling pathway: An emerging target for cancer immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint blockade has shown unprecedented and durable clinical response in a wide range of cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is an inhibitory checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In various cancers, the interaction of TIM3 and Galectin 9 (Gal9) suppresses anti-tumor immunity mediated by innate as well as adaptive immune cells. Thus, the blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 interaction is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. In addition, co-blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway along with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway increases the therapeutic efficacy by overcoming non-redundant immune resistance induced by each checkpoint. Here, we summarize the physiological roles of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway in adaptive and innate immune systems. We highlight the recent clinical and preclinical studies showing the involvement of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway in various solid and blood cancers. In addition, we discuss the potential of using TIM3 and Gal9 as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in different cancers. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 signaling pathway in cancer could help in identifying patients who respond to this therapy as well as designing combination therapies.
45 T, Steady State

We discuss methods and results of calculations for hybrid magnet systems for extremely intense continuous magnetic fields. We focus on a system consisting of a 20 MW radially-cooled insert magnet of 33 mm bore and 406 mm outer diameter, operating within the bore of a 15 T superconducting magnet. We predict such a system to be capable of 45.5 T, given typical cooling-system parameters and the structural efficiency which we expect of our “monohelix” form of construction.
Criminal Law and AIDS

Few social problems present the lawyer with difficulties such as those in the question of ‘ AIDS prevention ’.
Structural dynamics of suspended cables supporting arrays of offset bodies part I. Out-of-plane response

A general model is derived for the dynamics of suspended cables that support an array of offset bodies, e.g., cable/hydrophone arrays. The general model, which governs geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional response, is used herein to analyze the linear out-of-plane response of suspensions with small equilibrium curvature. Closed-form solutions are derived for free response (natural frequencies and mode shapes) and for forced response under harmonic end excitation. Solutions for forced response reveal the existence of a "pass-band/stop-band" structure for frequency response. For excitation frequencies within the pass-band, vibration energy freely propagates from the source of excitation throughout the cable/body structure. By contrast, little vibration energy propagates from the excitation source for excitation frequencies in the stop-bands. Studies for free response highlight the key system parameters that have the greatest influence on the natural frequency spectrum.
The paroxetine 352 bipolar trial: A study in medical ghostwriting.

Background: The problem of ghostwriting in corporate-sponsored clinical trials is of concern to medicine, bioethics, and government agencies. We present a study of the ghostwritten archival report of an industry-sponsored trial comparing antidepressant treatments for bipolar depression: GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) paroxetine study 352. This analysis is based upon publicly available evidence presented in a complaint of research misconduct filed with the Office of Research Integrity of the Department of Health and Human Services. Objectives: We performed a deconstruction of the published study to show how primary and secondary outcome analyses were conflated, turning a 'negative' clinical trial into a 'positive' study - with conclusions and recommendations that could adversely affect patient health. Methods: The paroxetine 352 study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 19-site trial comparing paroxetine and imipramine in 117 patients with bipolar type I major depressive episode which was unresponsive to prior lithium carbonate therapy. Results: Analysis of the primary outcome measures found no statistically significant difference between paroxetine or imipramine versus placebo. However, the published article concluded that both drugs were efficacious versus placebo for a post hoc subgroup of patients. Conclusions: Few industry-sponsored studies gain public scrutiny. It is important to make these articles transparent to the scientific and medical community.
A Procedure for Scaling Service Quality Tradeoffs Among Restaurant Managers: Traditional Conjoint Techniques for International Application

Abstract This research project proposes a process that studies the service quality trade-offs that restaurant managers worldwide are willing to make in order to maximize their customers' satisfaction level. The project uses traditional conjoint techniques to determine which service attributes managers are willing to trade so that customer satisfaction is maximized.
A marginalized diffusion model for estimating age at first lower endoscopy use from current status data

Summary. We propose an approach for estimating the age at first lower endoscopy examina tion from current status data that were collected via two series of cross-sectional surveys. To model the national probability of ever having a lower endoscopy examination, we incorporate birth cohort effects into a mixed influence diffusion model. We link a state-specific model to the national level diffusion model by using a marginalized modelling approach. In future research, results from our model will be used as microsimulation model inputs to estimate the contribution of endoscopy examinations to observed changes in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
The Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis (CQOLCF) scale: modification and validation of an instrument to measure quality of life in cystic fibrosis family caregivers.

Objective: Modify the Caregiver Quality of Life Index – Cancer (CQOLC) scale (Weitzner, Jacobsen et al. Qual Life Res 2000; 8: 55–63) as the Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis (CQOLCF) scale, validate it with cystic fibrosis (CF) family caregivers, and assess caregiver quality of life QOL with patient disease severity. Methods: Following modifications, 100 family caregivers were administered the CQOLCF. Construct validity was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Pulmonary function scores and hospitalizations assessed relationship between caregiver QOL and patient disease severity. Results: Split-half reliability was 0.862 and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.909. As expected, there were relatively high correlations with the mental health (0.634) and emotional distress (−0.687); and low correlations with physical health (0.049). ANCOVA examined differences in the CQOLCF totals based on disease severity, controlling for age. Significant mean differences existed (days hospitalized F = 3.010, sig. = 0.022). Discussion: The CQOLCF appears to be a valid, reliable, and internally consistent disease-specific scale with CF family caregivers. Future research recommendations include administering the CQOLCF to an increased study sample to explore item factor analysis.
McLuhan and the Cultural Theory of Media

Media are surely central to Western societies of the past several centuries and to the emerging global societies of the contemporary era and the future. There is a thickening, an intensification and an increasing complexity to the use of information machines, technologies that are necessary in the production, reproduction, storing and distribution of texts, images and sounds, the constituent elements of culture. The phenomenon has been termed a “media ecology,” adding a new layer to the ecologies of animal, vegetable and mineral. It behooves anyone engaged in critical discourse to take serious account of media. I argue they offer a key to understanding the process of globalization in relation to a new configuration of interaction between humans and machines.
Time Dependent B0 B0-bar Mixing at CDF

We describe two measurements of Delta m_d. The first uses B -> nu l D(*) events and a same-side flavor tagging algorithm. The second uses dilepton events. From the average of these two measurements we find Delta m_d = 0.466 +- 0.037 +- 0.031 ps^{-1}.
Margin width is not predictive of residual disease on re-excision in breast conserving therapy.

Background There is lack of consensus regarding re-excision in breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and close margins. We hypothesize that margin width does not predict residual disease. Methods The cancer registry was queried from 2003 to 2008 for patients with BCT who underwent re-excision for <2-mm margins. Factors associated with additional disease were evaluated. Results One thousand eight hundred forty-three patients underwent BCT. Our re-excision rate was 42%. Clinicopathologic factors from 228 patients were analyzed. One hundred five patients (46%) had additional disease; of those, 58% had BCT and 42% mastectomy. One hundred twenty-three (54%) had no additional disease; of those 82% had BCT and 18% mastectomy. Of the 66 patients who underwent mastectomy, 44 (67%) had residual disease; of the 161 who had BCT, 61 (38%) had residual disease (P < 0.01). On univariate analysis, margin width did not correlate with residual disease. Multifocality, non-invasive histology, increasing number of close margins, and higher grade predicted additional disease (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only number of close margins remained significant. Conclusions Margin width does not predict additional disease. This challenges the practice of using this to select re-excision candidates. Our data suggest that tumor behavior and extent of disease, defined by volume of residual disease and invasiveness of histology, play a more significant role. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:426–430. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Product reliability and maximum voltage limits from extrinsic gate oxide voltage ramp data

The failure rate methodology applied previously to TDDB constant voltage data is extended to VRAMP data, to obtain the failure rate for a given supply voltage and gate oxide area or conversely, the maximum supply voltage for a given failure rate. The maximum voltage limit for sub-circuits occupying a small fraction of the chip area can also be determined. The methodology relies on the effective-oxide-thickness model and the unified TDDB model, where the E-model dominates at low fields and the 1/E-model dominates at high field.
Base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma with infiltrative bone marrow carcinomatosis after definitive chemoradiation: A case report.

BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is known for its propensity for aggressive local progression and regional lymphatic spread. Distant metastases are relatively uncommon and the likelihood of hematogenous dissemination is primarily related to the extent and location of cervical lymph node metastases. Common sites of distant metastasis include the liver and lung. METHODS We report an unusual case of base of tongue SCC with infiltrative bone marrow carcinomatosis presenting months after definitive chemoradiation despite locoregional control. RESULTS Our patient exhibited an unusual pattern of distant dissemination after definitive chemoradiation had resulted in locoregional control. CONCLUSION Patients who present with bone marrow failure after definitive treatment with apparent disease control should be monitored for bone marrow infiltration by the tumor and, if such infiltration is present, should be evaluated for palliative chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prognosis for such patients is poor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2449-E2453, 2016.
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

The sections in this article are 1 Laser Speckle Interferometry 2 Stellar Speckle Interferometry 3 Electronic Imaging Devices Used in Speckle Interferometry 4 Speckle Interferometry Today
Sensitivity of Wind Farm Output to Wind Conditions, Land Configuration, and Installed Capacity, Under Different Wake Models

In conventional wind farm design and optimization, analytical wake models are generally used to estimate the wake-induced power losses. Different wake models often yield significantly dissimilar estimates of wake velocity deficit and wake width. In this context, the wake behavior, as well as the subsequent wind farm power generation, can be expressed as functions of a series of key factors. A quantitative understanding of the relative impact of each of these key factors, particularly under the application of different wake models, is paramount to reliable quantification of wind farm power generation. Such an understanding is however not readily evident in the current state of the art in wind farm design. To fill this important gap, this paper develops a comprehensive sensitivity analysis (SA) of wind farm performance with respect to the key natural and design factors. Specifically, the sensitivities of the estimated wind farm power generation and maximum farm output potential are investigated with respect to the following key factors: (i) incoming wind speed, (ii) ambient turbulence, (iii) land area per MW installed, (iv) land aspect ratio, and (v) nameplate capacity. The extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (e-FAST), which helpfully provides a measure of both first-order and total-order sensitivity indices, is used for this purpose. The impact of using four different analytical wake models (i.e., Jensen, Frandsen, Larsen, and Ishihara models) on the wind farm SA is also explored. By applying this new SA framework, it was observed that, when the incoming wind speed is below the turbine rated speed, the impact of incoming wind speed on the wind farm power generation is dominant, irrespective of the choice of wake models. Interestingly, for array-like wind farms, the relative importance of each input parameter was found to vary significantly with the choice of wake models, i.e., appreciable differences in the sensitivity indices (of up to 70%) were observed across the different wake models. In contrast, for optimized wind farm layouts, the choice of wake models was observed to have marginal impact on the sensitivity indices. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4029892]
Quinidine for ventricular arrhythmias: value of electrophysiologic testing.

Quinidine was evaluated during serial electrophysiologic testing with programmed ventricular stimulation in 89 patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. In 30 of the 89 patients, quinidine therapy prevented the initiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) during programmed ventricular stimulation. In 8 additional patients no single drug tested was effective, and quinidine in combination with either mexiletine (7 patients) or propranolol (1 patient) prevented the initiation of VT during electrophysiologic testing. The mean serum concentrations of quinidine in the patients who responded and those who failed to respond were 2.9 ± 0.8 and 2.8 ± 1.1 μ g/ml, respectively; however, but nonresponders were characterized by more severe congestive heart failure and an increased incidence of digitalis used. During chronic therapy (24 ± 3 months) with quinidine either alone or in combination with a second antiarrhythmic drug in the 38 patients whose arrhythmia had been suppressed during electrophysiologic testing, 32 (84%) remain symptom-free while 3 have had recurrent arrhythmia and 3 discontinued quinidine because of adverse effects. These data demonstrate that quinidine, when selected on the basis of electrophysiologic testing, provides effective long-term prophylaxis against recurrent ventricular arrhythmia and that approximately 40% of patients tested are likely to respond either to quinidine alone or quinidine in combination with another antiarrhythmic agent.
Three-dimensional perspectives of the Florida current: transport, potential vorticity, and related dynamical properties

Abstract The Florida Current flows through the Straits of Florida, which starts as a zonal channel and turns to become a meridional channel. The spatial structure of the Florida Current and its transport, potential vorticity, and related dynamical properties are investigated using a three-dimensional, baroclinic, primitive equation model with a mesoscale-admitting (5.6 km) horizontal resolution and 25 vertical (sigma: terrain-following) levels. At 83°W, the Florida Current fills only a portion of the channel; however, due to the interaction with the shoaling bottom topography (from a maximum depth of over 2000 m at 83°W to less than 800 m at 27°N) and the narrowing Straits of Florida (from a maximum width of about 170 km at 83°W to about 110 km at 27°N), the Florida Current fills the entire channel at 27°N, and the potential vorticity distribution is altered. The specified transport of 28.6 Sverdrup (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) from the Loop Current at the western boundary and the inflow from the Old Bahama Channel of 1.9 Sv converge into the meridional channel. With an additional inflow of 1.2 Sv from the Northwest Providence Channel, the simulated total transport of 31.8 Sv at 27°N is comparable to the STACS (Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies) mean transport of 31.7 Sv. Both vertically and laterally integrated subsectional transports are examined at transects 83°W, 82°W, 81°W, 25°N, 26°N, and 27°N. The potential vorticity increases (decreases) on the cyclonic (anticyclonic) side of the Florida Current at 27°N compared to 83°W. The downstream variation of static stability, relative vorticity, and Froude number is also examined. While the vertical shear is strong only on the northern side at 83°W it is comparable on the both western and eastern sides downstream at 27°N, reaching to the bottom of the meridional channel. Large values of the Froude number exist only in the upper 300 m of the zonal channel, but they reach to the bottom of the meridional channel.
Whimsical aggregation of temporal data, market identification, and fragile results

One of the most common problems faced by analysts of agribusiness markets is that available data are aggregated to a degree that obscures the underlying decision process. This article reminds analysts of the implications of temporal data aggregation for market identification and its effects on the robustness of empirical results. Also, three major commodity market price series are analyzed to demonstrate how aggregation can affect empirical results. Finally, guidelines are suggested for selecting the appropriate level of aggregation for empirical problems.