cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Fuzzy Logic Make Technical Analysis 20/20?

One of the most challenging areas in technical analysis is the automatic detection of technical patterns that would be similarly detected by the eyes of experts. In this study, cognitive uncertainty was incorporated in technical analysis by using a fuzzy logic-based approach. The results show that the algorithm can detect subtle differences in a clearly defined pattern. Significant postpattern abnormal returns were found that varied directly with the fuzziness of a pattern. This approach can be valuable for investors as a way to incorporate human cognition into historical trading statistics so as to form future winning strategies.
Aerobic physical activity to improve memory and executive function in sedentary adults without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract The worldwide population of adults ages 50 and older continues to increase and is projected to reach over 2.3 billion by 2030. Aging is the biggest risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Aerobic physical activity may improve cognitive functioning, thus delaying aging-related cognitive decline. The purpose of this review was to examine the effect of aerobic physical activity on memory and executive function in sedentary adults with no known cognitive impairment. PubMed, CINAHL, Psycinfo, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles up to July 2019. Randomized controlled trials of sedentary adults, aged 50 and older, that compared an aerobic physical activity intervention to either no treatment or alternative active comparator and reported outcome measures of memory and/or executive function were included. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to examine the separate effect sizes for memory and executive function. Nine studies met inclusion criteria and contributed either memory and/or executive function effect sizes (n = 547). Results from the random effects meta-analysis suggested, by post-intervention, a large effect size for the aerobic physical activity interventions on memory (g = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.14–1.47; n = 7; p = 0.02) and a small effect on executive function (g = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.04–0.69; n = 6; p = 0.03). Aerobic physical activity may improve memory and executive function in sedentary adults without cognitive impairment. Policymakers and providers should promote aerobic physical activity in this population, and further research should investigate the most effective ways to promote aerobic physical activity in mid-life to older adults.
TYK2 and JAK2 Are Substrates of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B

The reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, modulated by the coordinated actions of protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), regulates the cellular response to a wide variety of stimuli. It is established that protein kinases possess discrete sets of substrates and that substrate recognition is often dictated by the presence of consensus phosphorylation sites. Here, we have extended this concept to the PTPs and demonstrated that (E/D)-pY-pY-(R/K) is a consensus substrate recognition motif for PTP1B. We have shown that JAK2 and TYK2 are substrates of PTP1B and that the substrate recognition site within theses kinases is similar to the site of dephosphorylation previously identified within the insulin receptor. A substrate-trapping mutant of PTP1B formed a stable interaction with JAK2 and TYK2 in response to interferon stimulation. Expression of wild type or substrate-trapping mutant PTP1B inhibited interferon-dependent transcriptional activation. Finally, mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in PTP1B displayed subtle changes in tyrosine phosphorylation, including hyperphosphorylation of JAK2. The closely related JAK family member, JAK1, which does not match the consensus dephosphorylation site, was not recognized as a substrate. These data illustrate that PTP1B may be an important physiological regulator of cytokine signaling and that it may be possible to derive consensus substrate recognition motifs for other members of the PTP family, which may then be used to predict novel physiological substrates.
Automatic Verification of Heap Manipulation Using Separation Logic

Accurately representing the structure and manipulation of heap-allocated data structures is a key challenge for automatic verification of nontrivial code. Capturing this information is central to proving properties such as the absence of invalid memory accesses (for instance, deallocating memory twice or dereferencing dangling or NULL pointers), the absence of memory leaks, and data-structure integrity properties (for instance, that a doubly-linked list structure is properly linked in both directions).
Ali Shariati: the architect of the 1979 Islamic revolution of Iran

(1986). Ali Shariati: the architect of the 1979 Islamic revolution of Iran. Iranian Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3-4, pp. 229-234.
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Properties of phospho and dephospho forms and of two mutants in which serine 11 has been changed by site-directed mutagenesis.

The properties of dephospho- and phosphofructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of two mutant enzymes in which the phosphorylatable Ser11 had been changed by site-directed mutagenesis (Ser—-Ala and Ser—-Asp) were studied to clarify the role of cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of yeast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. The mutant enzymes and wild type Ser11 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. Phosphofructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was prepared by in vitro phosphorylation. The comparison of the properties of the above enzymes demonstrated that all four had similar maximum activity. However, the phosphoenzyme was about 3-fold more sensitive to AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibition than the dephosphoenzyme, suggesting that regulation operates in vivo by this mechanism, leading to decreased enzyme activity. The purified mutant enzymes Ala11 and Asp11 exhibited properties closely similar to those of dephospho- and phosphofructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, respectively. These results indicate that the functional group at residue 11 is an important factor in the regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity and that Ser(P) can be functionally substituted by Asp in this enzyme.
Feeding ecology and prey resource partitioning of lenok (Brachymystax lenok) and Baikal grayling (Thymallus arcticus baicalensis) in the Eg and Uur rivers, Mongolia

Baikal grayling (Thymallus arcticus baicalensis) and lenok (Brachymystax lenok) are two salmonids which co-occur in lakes and rivers of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal drainage in northern Mongolia and Siberia. Populations of both species have declined due to habitat loss and overfishing. Previous studies have established that diets of both species are comprised of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, but none have examined how prey resources are partitioned between the species. We explored resource partitioning between these species using information from stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen. Stomach content data were also compared to invertebrate prey availability estimated from drift and benthic samples. Stomach content analysis indicated that lenok were benthic specialists, while Baikal grayling exhibited a more generalised and surface-oriented diet, preying upon both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. In addition, drifting invertebrate prey availability was positively related to diet overlap based on stomach content analysis, suggesting that competition was involved in the prey resource partitioning we observed. Our analysis of assimilated diet using stable isotopes was generally consistent with stomach contents, indicating that prey partitioning was sustained over a period of several months, but also revealed a greater importance of fish prey to lenok diets. This study provides a baseline description of prey utilisation and prey resource partitioning between lenok and Baikal grayling, which may be used to guide management and future research of these threatened species.
(log n) dynamic router-tables for ranges

We consider router tables comprised of n pairs of tuples of the form (r,a), where r is a range of destination addresses matched by the tuple. The set of ranges in the table is conflict free. We develop a data structure, which employs priority-search trees as well as red-black trees, to represent the router table. This data structure permits us to perform each of the operations insert, delete, and find the tuple with most-specific matching-range for a given destination address in O(log n) each time. The insert and delete operations preserve the conflict-free property of the set of tuples. Our data structure represents the first O(log n) data structure for dynamic router tables with ranges. Experimental results are also presented.
Induction of labor following intrauterine death with intra-amniotic hyperosmolar urea and prostaglandin F2α: Evaluation of placental endocrine function and changes in coagulation parameters

Abstract A practicable and reliable method for inducing labor in patients whose pregnancies are complicated by intrauterine death of the fetus is described. The method involves the intra-amniotic instillation of 30 mg of prostaglandin F 2α with 60 gm of urea. Twenty patients had pregnancies ranging between 22 and 41 weeks and the estimated duration of fetal death ranged between two and eight weeks. Delivery was achieved within 24 hours in all cases. Side effects and complications were minimal. Plasma human placental lactogen (hPL) and progesterone concentrations, as well as several blood coagulation parameters (i.e., plasma fibrinogen, blood platelet count, and serum fibrin degradation products (FDP) concentrations), were measured immediately prior to induction of labor. The latter (i.e., coagulation factors) were repeated at parturition. The presence of residual viable placenta prior to induction did not influence the induction-delivery interval. No statistically significant alterations in blood coagulation parameters that could be attributed to the specific method of induction employed were noted.
Us9-Independent Axonal Sorting and Transport of the Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein gM

Axonal sorting and transport of fully assembled pseudorabies virus (PRV) virions is dependent on the viral protein Us9. Here we identify a Us9-independent mechanism for axonal localization of viral glycoprotein M (gM). We detected gM-mCherry assemblies transporting in the anterograde direction in axons. Furthermore, unlabeled gM, but not glycoprotein B, was detected by Western blotting in isolated axons during Us9-null PRV infection. These results suggest that gM differs from other viral proteins regarding axonal transport properties.
Ovarian imaging by magnetic resonance in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and age-matched controls

Purpose: To compare ovarian morphology in adolescent girls with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: In 21 adolescent girls (age 12–18 years) without and 19 adolescents with PCOS (diagnosis based on excessive hair growth and irregular menstrual cycles) ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC) per ovary, and follicle size were evaluated. MRI was performed at 1.5 T or 3 T and axial or angled-axial single-shot echo-train spin echo images of 6 mm slice thickness were acquired. In a subset of subjects, 2-mm images were also obtained. PCOS and non-PCOS groups were compared using mixed affects regression. Results: Mean AFC per ovary and ovarian volume were substantially greater in PCOS subjects compared to non-PCOS subjects. Mean follicle size was similar between groups. Follicles exceeding 10 mm were seen in 2/19 PCOS subjects versus 9/21 non-PCOS subjects. Consistently higher follicle counts were detected in images obtained at 2 mm compared to 6-mm slice thickness. Conclusion: In adolescence, MRI of the ovary reveals distinct differences between girls with and without PCOS. MRI may help evaluate young patients in whom transvaginal ultrasound is contraindicated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:689–693. © 2013 Wiley Predicals, Inc.
Effects of site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of planted longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in North Carolina

Abstract We tested the effects of eight site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of container-grown longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Treatments included an untreated check, six combinations of two initial vegetation control treatments (chopping or herbicide) with three planting site conditions (flat [no additional treatment], mounding, or bedding), and a more intense treatment consisting of chopping, herbicide, and bedding. All plots were prescribed burned after site preparation and before planting. Seedling survival was not significantly different among treatments at either 12 ( p = 0.768) or 20 ( p = 0.881) months after planting. Both bedding and mounding increased root collar diameter after 20 months when compared to flat treatments ( p ≤ 0.002). Between the vegetation control treatments, herbicides increased root collar diameter growth over chopping ( p = 0.002) while chopping did not significantly differ from the check. The most root collar growth occurred on the chopping/herbicide/bedding and herbicide/bedding treatments, with the least on the flat (check) and chopping/flat treatments. The percentage of seedlings in height growth 20 months after planting was higher on bedding and mounding treatments when compared to flat treatments ( p ≤ 0.003). Herbicide was also significantly better than chopping with respect to the percentage of seedlings in height growth ( p = 0.016). The treatments with the most seedlings in height growth were chopping/herbicide/bedding followed by herbicide/bedding and herbicide/mounding.
Magnetic field dependence of spin phonon interaction in holmium

Abstract A broad maximum in spin phonon interaction is found in the spin spiral phase of holmium. In a magnetic field this maximum disappears; a new peak and a plateau appear at the intermediate phase transitions.
Bariatric surgery improves urinary incontinence in morbidly obese individuals.

Abstract Background Urinary incontinence is common in obese individuals. We report on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and the effect of surgically induced weight loss on urinary incontinence. Methods The prospectively collected data from 201 consecutive candidates for bariatric surgery were evaluated. The patients were surveyed using a questionnaire regarding the duration of incontinence, stress/urge incontinence symptoms, and incontinence severity before and after undergoing bariatric surgery. Severity was quantified using a validated index developed Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Results Of 201 patients, 65 (32%) reported urinary incontinence. Of the 65 patients, 44 women and 1 man (age 49 ± 11 years, body mass index 48 ± 7 kg/m 2 ) underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 42) or laparoscopic-assisted gastric banding (n = 3). Of the 38 patients who reported mild (2%), moderate (48%), and severe (50%) urinary incontinence preoperatively who had complete follow-up at ≥6 months postoperatively, 19 (50%) had demonstrated resolution of urinary incontinence and 19 had reported residual slight-moderate (37%) or severe (13%) urinary incontinence. The overall severity score improved from 5.4 ± 2.3 to 2.3 ± 2.8 postoperatively ( P Conclusion Urinary incontinence is prevalent in bariatric surgery patients. Surgically induced weight loss results in improvement or resolution of urinary incontinence in 82% of patients. The findings from this large cohort warrant additional investigation with urodynamic studies.
Recent Advances in the Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectrometry of Organic Compounds

Abstract Matrix isolation (MI) techniques have been employed extensively in the past three decades to enable the spectroscopic detection of both inorganic and organic chemical species that are too reactive, too unstable, too rare, or too transient to be studied under ordinary laboratory conditions. However, the application of matrix isolation methods to the study of stable organic species is relatively recent. In this review we primarily address the latter application and emphasize work that has appeared in the scientific literature from mid-1981 to mid-1988. We occasionally refer to the earlier literature to provide a historical perspective from which to assess the current trends. Our treatment of the more familiar, more voluminous, and more extensively reviewed matrix isolation infrared (MI-IR) studies of transient species is not intended to be comprehensive, because much of that work has been discussed elsewhere. Thus, we have provided only a sampling of work in that area as it relates to our discussio...
An exponential discrepancy model for attitude evaluation

A model based on an exponential decay function is formulated to deal with evaluation based on discrepancy. This evaluation concerns discrepancy based on attitudes and specifically hypothesizes that as discrepancy from one’s ideal point increases, evaluation of a multidimensional stimulus object will decrease. The model is applied to experimental data dealing with the evaluation of political candidates and is found to give a good fit for the obtained data. In addition, the parameters of the model are shown to be related to the intensity of an attitude, and it is further shown that the results could be interpreted in terms of the psychological concepts of latitudes of acceptance, rejection, and noncommitment.
Amiodarone toxicity. II. Desethylamiodarone-induced phospholipidosis and ultrastructural changes during repeated administration in rats.

The contribution of desethylamiodarone (DEA), principal metabolite of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, to the major side effects of amiodarone is unclear. The effects of repeated DEA administration to rats on tissue drug accumulation, ultrastructural changes, and phospholipid concentrations were studied. Two groups (n = 8/group) of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g body wt) were administered a 5% aqueous solution of DEA (Dose I, 40 mg/kg/day; Dose II, 60 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 21–23 days, while a third group (control, n = 8) received saline. DEA levels were significantly higher with Dose II compared to Dose I in the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and serum while the tissue to serum ratios were similar with both doses for all tissues except the heart. DEA administration caused a significant elevation in the lipid phosphorus levels of liver, lung, and alveolar macrophages compared to control levels. A strong positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between tissue DEA levels and lipid phosphorus for the above tissues. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of lipid inclusion bodies in liver, lung, and alveolar macrophages of DEA-treated rats. A dose-dependent increase in the percentage of vacuolar surface area was found in the lung and alveolar macrophages. The tissue ultrastructural changes after repeated DEA dosing were qualitatively similar to our previous findings with amiodarone. Increased lung and liver phospholipid levels with repeated DEA doses may result from a potent inhibitory action of DEA on tissue phospholipase A as has been observed by others in in vitro studies.
Plant Regeneration and Callus Type in Barley: Effects of Genotype and Culture Medium

To facilitate practical application of in vitro genetic manipulation to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), methods for the in vitro culture of barley must be improved. Fifteen genotypes of barley, primarily cultivars or elite breeding lines adapted to North America, were examined for their ability to form regenerable callus from immature embryos on modified versions of MS, B5, and CC media (.)
Nuclear Resonance Study of Hyperfine Fields in Nickel-Rich Nickel-Cobalt Alloys

The nuclear-magnetic-resonance line shapes of $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ and $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been studied in Ni-Co alloy powders, using the free-precession method, by plotting the amplitude of the spin-echo signal across the inhomogeneously broadened lines. The $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ nuclear resonance has been studied in the concentration range from 1 to 41.2 at.% cobalt and the $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ from 1 to 14.8% cobalt. Both $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ and $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ resonance frequencies increase roughly linearly with increasing cobalt concentration. The higher concentration $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ studies were made at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, while the low-concentration $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ studies and the $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ studies were made at 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Well-resolved satellite structure is observed. A line is observed approximately 10 MHz above the resonance frequency appropriate to dilute $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ in nickel. This line is believed due to cobalt atoms with one cobalt neighbor in the nearestneighbor shell. A similar line is observed in the $^{61}\mathrm{Ni}$ case approximately 5 MHz above the pure-nickel resonance frequency. A discussion of the relation between hyperfine fields and local atomic moments is made, and it is concluded that the conduction-electron polarization is a major contribution to the hyperfine fields in these alloys. An oscillatory variation of the spin density about the solute atoms is indicated and appears to explain the observed spectra.
Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s dementia: distinct but overlapping entities

Abstract Much of the controversy about the “amyloid cascade hypothesis” may reflect unrecognized differences in the use of language, including the use of the word “cause.” This commentary proposes that the term Alzheimer disease refer to the neuropathological entity and the term Alzheimer dementia to clinical dementia in people who also have Alzheimer neuropathology. The ultimate causes of Alzheimer disease are proposed to be aging, environmental stresses, and genetic predispositions. The fundamental cause of Alzheimer dementia is proposed to be Alzheimer disease , i.e. the neurobiological abnormalities in Alzheimer brain. The neurobiology of Alzheimer disease includes changes that may initially be adaptive but can become excessive and thereby harmful; they include increased expression of APP with accumulation of potentially damaging peptides such as Aβ, inflammation, and increased ROS activity. The neurobiological abnormality that is the proximate cause of Alzheimer dementia appears to be decreases in cerebral metabolic rate. Decreased metabolism occurs not only in this but in essentially all dementias , and impairing brain metabolism induces neuropsychological deficits characteristic of dementias. The immediate cause of Alzheimer dementia is proposed to be deficiencies in signaling, both intracellular and intercellular (neurotransmission), that follow directly from the decrease in cerebrometabolic rate.
Dynamic lateralization: hostility, cardiovascular regulation, and tachistoscopic recognition.

This experiment tested a hypothesis linking the right cerebral regulation of hostility and cardiovascular arousal. It also replicates related research regarding hostility, cardiovascular regulation, and auditory recognition (Shenal and Harrison, 2003) through the visual modality. Thirty low- and high-hostile participants (n = 30) were identified using the Cook Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). Only right-handed male participants with no significant medical or psychological history completed the experiment. All participants completed the cold pressor paradigm. Cardiovascular measures (systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP]) were recorded and tachistoscopic lexical recognition procedures were administered before and after the physical stressor.The primary finding of this research was greater left cerebral activation (decreased cardiovascular reactivity) following the tachistoscopic lexical recognition tasks and greater right cerebral activation following the painful (cold pressor) str...
Karyotype and Ideogram Analyses of Four Wheatgrass Cultivars for Use in Perennial Wheat Breeding.

ABSTRACT The development of perennial wheat cultivars in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the U.S. addresses the need for alternative cropping systems that reduce soil erosion and degradation from mechanical tillage. Selection of parental lines will be especially important for breeding perennial wheat. Here we describe the karyotypes of three cultivars of bluebunch wheatgrass, Pseudoroegnaria spicata [Pursh] A. Love, and one cultivar of Snake River wheatgrass, Elymus wawawaiensis. These four cultivars are wild relatives of wheat that are adapted to the low rainfall regions of the PNW and can be crossed with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using traditional breeding methods. Chromosome number, arm ratio, relative length and centromere index are given for Ps. spicata cultivars ‘Whitmar’ (ssp. inermis), ‘Goldar’ (ssp. spicata), and ‘Anatone’ (ssp. spicata), and the E. wawawaiensis cultivar ‘Secar’.
Determination of methandrostenolone and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine by coupled-column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and confirmation by tandem mass spectrometry

Monitoring steroid use requires an understanding of the metabolism in the species in question and development of sensitive methods for screening of the steroid or its metabolites in urine. Qualitative information for confirmation of methandrostenolone and identification of its metabolites was primarily obtained by coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The steroids and a sulphuric acid conjugate were isolated and identified by their daughter ion mass spectra in the urine of both man and the horse following administration of methandrostenolone. Spontaneous hydrolysis of methandrostenolone sulphate gave 17-epimethandrostenolone and several dehydration products. This reaction had a half-life of 16 min in equine urine at 27 degrees C. Mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites were also identified. Several screening methods were evaluated for detection and confirmation of methandrostenolone use including thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Coupled-column liquid chromatography was used for automated clean-up of analytes difficult to isolate by manual methods. The recovery of methandrostenolone was 101 +/- 3.3% (mean +/- S.D.) at 6.5 ng/ml and both methandrostenolone and 17-epimethandrostenolone were quantified in urine by ultraviolet detection up to six days after a 250-mg intramuscular dose to a horse. The utility of on-line tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation of suspected metabolites is also shown.
Relation of Biventricular Strain and Dyssynchrony in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Death and Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular strain and dyssynchrony can be measured in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), but their effect on clinical outcomes is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate if ventricular strain and dyssynchrony measured by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking are associated with death and sustained ventricular tachycardia. Patients with TOF who died or had ventricular tachycardia (TOF case, n = 16) were compared with age-matched patients with TOF with no adverse outcome (TOF control, n = 32). For each patient, midventricular short-axis and 4-chamber cine steady-state free precession images were analyzed using cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking software. Peak left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) global circumferential and longitudinal strain and indexes of dyssynchrony were compared between groups. Compared with the TOF control group, median strain values were significantly lower for the TOF case group for both the LV (circumferential: 17% vs 23%, p = 0.003; longitudinal: 13% vs 18%, p
An imaging-based approach to identify ligands for olfactory receptors.

Abstract Odorant receptors (ORs) form one of the largest gene families in the genome. However, the vast majority are orphan receptors as the ligands that activate them remain unknown. Deorphaning approaches have generally focused on finding ligands for particular receptors expressed in homologous or heterologous cells; these attempts have met with only partial success. Here, we outline a conceptually different strategy in which we search for odorant receptors activated by a known odorant. Intrinsic signal imaging of the main olfactory bulb is first used to locate activated glomeruli in vivo, followed by retrograde tracing to label the sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium projecting to the activated glomerulus. Subsequently, single cell RT-PCR is used to reveal the identity of the odorant receptors expressed in retrogradely labeled neurons. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we searched for candidate ORs responding to the aldehyde odorant butanal. This method may be a useful tool to decipher specific ligand–OR interactions in the mouse olfactory bulb.
Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples

Abstract A suite of well-characterized humic and fulvic acids of freshwater, soil and plant origin was subjected to pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and the resulting data were analyzed by pattern recognition and factor analysis. A factor analysis plot of the data shows that the humic acids and fulvic acids can be segregated into two distinct classes. Carbohydrate and phenolic components are more pronounced in the pyrolysis products of the fulvic acids, and saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons contribute more to the humic acid pyrolysis products. A second factor analysis plot shows a separation which appears to be based primarily on whether the samples are of aquatic or soil origin.
Impacts of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Col., Scolytidae) infestation on future landscape susceptibility to the western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) (Lep., Tortricidae) in north central Washington

: Current and future western spruce budworm [Choristoneura occidentalis (Freeman)] hazard was evaluated for a 400 ha (1000 acre) landscape in north central Washington state using computerized growth and hazard-rating models. The landscape has recently suffered extensive overstory lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta (Dougl. ex Loud.)] mortality due to a mountain pine beetle [Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins)] infestation. To evaluate the impact of this lodgepole pine mortality on future susceptibility to western spruce budworm outbreaks, computer simulations in which overstory lodgepole pine was retained or removed were compared. Susceptibility to western spruce budworm attack increases more rapidly and intensely with overstory lodgepole pine mortality. Additional scenarios included silvicultural treatments to reduce stand density and alter species composition. Results suggest that a variety of management options are available to reduce landscape-level western spruce budworm risk.
Policy review: Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA)--analysis of a failed nurse migration policy.

Abstract In 2008, the bilateral Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement took effect. Contained within this regional free trade agreement are unique provisions allowing exchange of Filipino nurses and healthcare workers to work abroad in Japan. Japan's increasing need for healthcare workers due to its aging demographic and the Philippines need for economic development could have led to shared benefits under the Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement. However, 4 years following program implementation, results have been disappointing, e.g., only 7% of candidates passing the programs requirements since 2009. These disappointing results represent a policy failure within the current Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement framework, and point to the need for reform. Hence, amending the current Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement structure by potentially adopting a USA based approach to licensure examinations and implementing necessary institutional and governance reform measures may be necessary to ensure beneficial healthcare worker migration for both countries.
XMM-Newton Observations of Two Broad Absorption Line QSOs: Q1246−057 and SBS 1542+541*

We report on the results of XMM-Newton observations of two broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs), Q1246-057 and SBS 1542+541. The unprecedented sensitivity of XMM-Newton allows spectral analysis of these X-ray–weak sources. The X-ray spectral data of these sources can be fitted by a power law with αX = 1.0–1.2 and either a partially covering absorber or an ionized absorber model. Rest-frame UV spectroscopy together with polarimetry favors the model with a partially covering absorber with column density a few times 1022 cm-2 and a covering fraction of about 0.80. After correcting for absorption, the X-ray loudness of these BAL QSOs appears to be similar to other, unabsorbed quasars. The mystery of X-ray weakness of BAL QSOs appears to be all but solved, with strong absorption being the primary reason. With the available X-ray data, however, the issue of whether BAL QSOs represent highly accreting/younger population of quasars remains unsettled.
High-Order Well-Balanced Finite Difference WENO Schemes for a Class of Hyperbolic Systems with Source Terms

In this paper, we generalize the high order well-balanced finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, designed earlier by us in Xing and Shu (2005, J. Comput. phys. 208, 206---227) for the shallow water equations, to solve a wider class of hyperbolic systems with separable source terms including the elastic wave equation, the hyperbolic model for a chemosensitive movement, the nozzle flow and a two phase flow model. Properties of the scheme for the shallow water equations (Xing and Shu 2005, J. Comput. phys. 208, 206---227), such as the exact preservation of the balance laws for certain steady state solutions, the non-oscillatory property for general solutions with discontinuities, and the genuine high order accuracy in smooth regions, are maintained for the scheme when applied to this general class of hyperbolic systems
Computer Adaptive Testing: A Strategy for Monitoring Stroke Rehabilitation Across Settings

AbstractCurrent functional assessment instruments in stroke rehabilitation are often setting-specific and lack precision, breadth, and/or feasibility. Computer adaptive testing (CAT) offers a promising potential solution by providing a quick, yet precise, measure of function that can be used across a broad range of patient abilities and in multiple settings. CAT technology yields a precise score by selecting very few relevant items from a large and diverse item pool based on each individual’s responses. We demonstrate the potential usefulness of a CAT assessment model with a cross-sectional sample of persons with stroke from multiple rehabilitation settings.
A RIPPLING RELATABLENESS IN REALITY

. I describe my development as a thinker from that of simple pragmatism to applied theory. My style is that of discerning a rippling relatedness in the various dimensions of reality. I respond to Eve specific themes raised by colleagues: what it means to be human; the relation of whole to parts; the various methodological melodies; a relational view of reality; and ethical imperatives in the descriptive indicatives.
Plasma wave observations with the Dynamics Explorer 1 spacecraft

This paper reviews the results from the plasma wave instrument on the Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE-1) spacecraft. The DE-1 spacecraft was launched on August 3, 1981, into an elliptical polar orbit with initial perigee and apogee radial distances of 1.09 and 4.65 earth radii. In the roughly six years since the launch of the spacecraft, DE-1 has provided basic new information on a wide variety of magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena. These include auroral kilometric radiation, auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, narrow-band electromagnetic emissions associated with equatorial upper hybrid waves, whistler mode emissions, wave-particle interactions stimulated by ground VLF transmitters, equatorial ion-cyclotron emissions, ion Bernstein-mode emissions, and electric field turbulence along the auroral field lines. A brief review of the basic plasma wave modes that can exist in the equatorial and polar regions of the magnetosphere is first given. After the basic terminology is established, each of the above areas of plasma wave research is discussed in detail, first by reviewing the state of knowledge at the time of the DE-1 launch, and then by describing the contribution made by DE-1 in the six years since the spacecraft was launched.
Biphasic Dispersion of Clones Containing Purkinje Cells and Glia in the Developing Chick Cerebellum

The cerebellum is a highly conserved structure which exhibits patterns of gene expression and axonal connections that are organized into parasagittal domains. These aspects of the mature cerebellum are presaged during embryonic development by the expression patterns of vertebrate homologs of Drosophila segmentation genes. We wished to determine whether the parasagittal domains of gene expression are compartments of lineage restriction. To this end, a clonal analysis of the chick cerebellum was conducted with a complex retroviral library. From embryonic day (E) 8 to E12, clones derived from the more medial portion of the cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ) were observed to spread preferentially in the mediolateral direction, crossing the boundaries of the parasagittal domains of gene expression. In late embryonic and posthatch periods, VZ clones were found to comprise Purkinje cells, glial cells, or both types of cells. At these later times, clonally related glial cells formed tight parasagittal clusters, while clonally related Purkinje cells were scattered extensively in the anteroposterior direction. We propose that a subset of the cerebellar VZ clones, those with medial origins, undergoes a biphasic dispersion: an early phase of mediolateral dispersion and a late phase of anteroposterior dispersion. This novel pattern of clonal dispersion suggests that the cerebellar VZ is not partitioned into parasagittal domains of lineage restriction. It leaves open the possibility that the later dispersion along the anteroposterior axis results from the parasagittal patterns of gene expression in the developing cerebellar cortex.
Suicidality associated with antiepileptic drugs: implications for the treatment of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia.

Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have a prominent role in the treatment of several types of chronic pain. Gabapentin and pregabalin are recommended as first-line treatments for various neuropathic pain conditions, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are commonly used in trigeminal neuralgia, and certain AEDs are considered second- or third-line treatments for neuropathic pain [3,7,11,12,25]. In addition, pregabalin is recommended for fibromyalgia [8], and topiramate and valproic acid are considered first-line treatments for migraine prophylaxis [13,33]. Given the role played by AEDs in pain treatment, it is important to consider recent research and recommendations regarding AEDs and suicidality, which includes both suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation [17,31,37]. On the basis of a meta-analysis, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that AED treatment for any indication is associated with an increased risk of suicidality [37]; as a consequence, AED product information was changed to include warnings about this risk. After conducting an independent review, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) also instituted warnings about AEDs and suicidality [22,27]. In evaluating the risk of suicidality associated with AEDs, an important consideration is that several conditions for which they are prescribed also have an increased suicide risk, including epilepsy [10,20] and certain psychiatric disorders [6,14,21]. Chronic pain is also associated with suicidality [32,34,36], and as many as 50% of patients with chronic pain have comorbid depression [5], a well-established risk factor for suicide [9]. The objective of this article is to review recent research on suicidality and AEDs and to discuss its implications for the treatment of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. The role of AEDs in migraine treatment, which is prophylactic rather than symptomatic, is beyond the scope of this review, as is AED treatment in seizure disorders and in psychiatric conditions for their mood stabilizing effects.
Chemically Reacting Fluid Flows: Weak Solutions and Global Attractors

Abstract In this paper we present a model for incompressible chemically reacting flows where reactants enter the domain, react, and then leave the domain. In the interior of the domain we have the Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid flow coupled with reaction diffusion equations for the chemistry and temperature. On the boundary we use mixed Neumann and inhomogeneous Robin boundary conditions for the chemistry and temperature equations which fix the amount of chemicals and heat flowing into the system. For three dimensional domains we then show the existence of weak solutions which are physically reasonable, i.e., which satisfy certain maximum principle properties. These solutions are sufficient to provide the basis for a dynamical systems study of these reacting flows. We do not show that the solutions are unique; however, we are able to show the existence of global attractors for the system.
Cheek‐rubbing in golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea)

We studied the function of cheek-rubbing in golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea) by combining observations of the external morphology of the orbital gland, observational studies of marmots cheek-rubbing, and experimental studies of marmots’responses to olfactory secretions from the orbital gland. Adult males had larger eyepatches–areas without hair above the orbital gland–than adult females. Both sexes produced sufficient glandular exudate to pool on the surface of the skin or fur above the orbital gland. Adult males cheek-rubbed more than adult females throughout the summer active season, but both males and females generally cheek-rubbed within 10m of a main burrow. Adult males responded more vigorously to the smells of non-group members of both sexes than to group members of either sex. Adult females responded more vigorously to the smell of non-group females than to non-group males or group members of either sex. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that marmot cheek-rubbing functions to mark defended areas, possibly to minimize costs of aggressive interactions.
Effect of zone annealing on LARC-CPI thermoplastic polyimide

Mechanical properties and structure were studied for undrawn and zone-drawn films of LARC-CPI thermoplastic polyimide. The dynamic modulus of undrawn glassy material ranged from about 1.8 to 4.3 GPa, depending upon the degree of crystallinity. After zone drawing to draw ratio of 3.6–4.0, the dynamic glassy modulus was increased to a maximum of 9.5 GPa. The highest moduli were attained in samples that were multiply zone-drawn. The maximum-achievable draw ratio increased with the maximum drawing temperature, but the semicrystalline nature of the starting material limited the ultimate drawability. For the first time, highly oriented crystalline films were obtained for X-ray diffraction and preliminary crystal structure analysis. The crystal lattice was fit to the orthorhombic crystal system, and the results indicate that the lattice parameters are a = 8.0 ± 0.2 A, b = 5.9 ± 0.2 A, and c = 36.5 ± 0.3 A. The value of the c-axis lattice parameter is very close to the fully extended chain length of the monomer repeat unit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Arterial Baroreflex Resets with Orthostasis

The arterial baroreflexes, located in the carotid sinus and along the arch of the aorta, are essential for the rapid short term autonomic regulation of blood pressure. In the past, they were believed to be inactivated during exercise because blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic activity were radically changed from their resting functional relationships with blood pressure. However, it was discovered that all relationships between carotid sinus pressure and either HR or sympathetic vasoconstriction maintained their curvilinear sigmoidal shape but were reset or shifted so as to best defend BP during exercise. To determine whether resetting also occurs during orthostasis, we examined the arterial baroreflexes measured supine and upright tilt. We studied the relationships between systolic BP and HR (the cardiovagal baroreflex), mean BP and ventilation (the ventilatory baroreflex) and diastolic BP and sympathetic nerve activity (the sympathetic baroreflex). We accomplished these measurements by using the modified Oxford method in which BP was rapidly varied with bolus injections of sodium nitroprusside followed 1 minute later by bolus injections of phenylephrine. Both the cardiovagal and ventilatory baroreflexes were “reset” with no change in gain or response range. In contrast, the sympathetic baroreflex was augmented as well as shifted causing an increase in peripheral resistance that improved the subjects' defense against hypotension. This contrasts with findings during exercise in which peripheral resistance in active skeletal muscle is not increased. This difference is likely selective for exercising muscle and may represent the actions of functional sympatholysis by which exercise metabolites interfere with adrenergic vasoconstriction.
The second Legendre transform of the P(φ)2 generating functional

We prove the existence of the second Legendre transform of the generating functional of connected Green's functions for even weakly coupled P(φ)2 models. The transformed functional is the generator of two particle irreducible graphs.
A subtractive quark model of the pomeron

We consider a model for elastic scattering and inelastic diffractive production at high energy, which is inspired by Quantum Chromodynamics. The pomeron arises in our model from gluon exchange between quark constituents. The color-neutrality of each hadron implies strong cancellations among the gluon exchanges. Hence our model is “subtractive”, in contrast to the old “additive” quark model. The subtractive model provides a natural explanation for the large cross section which is observed for diffractive dissociation. We show that multiple gluon exchange contributes significantly, alongside two gluon exchange, in building the pomeron.
Women's Health: Selected Topics

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have become increasingly popular for the treatment of a variety of conditions. The World Health Organization has recognized the value of traditional healing techniques, which are classified as CAM, for 30 years. In the United States nearly 50% of women use CAM for common medical conditions, significantly more than men. This pattern is frequently seen in the treatment of women's health conditions such as infertility, premenstrual syndrome, and menopause. This article provides an integrative approach for conditions commonly encountered in the primary care setting among women, discusses alternative therapies used to treat these health conditions, and provides an evidence-based summary of recommendations based on a review of the literature.
Fetal nicotinic overload, blunted sympathetic responsivity, and obesity.

Obesity and consequent type-2 diabetes are rising at an epidemic rate in the United States, causing substantial premature mortality and morbidity according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics (Mokdad et al., 2001), approaching smoking as the greatest preventable risk factor for premature death and disability. The proximate causes are relatively straightforward. Overeating and sedentary lifestyle play critical precipitating roles. However, there may be additional causes underlying the skyrocketing obesity and more to the solution of this crisis than just the call to eat less and exercise more.