cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of CO2 emissions from large point sources in emissions totals, responsibility, and policy

A large fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions comes from large point sources such as power plants, petroleum refineries, and large industrial facilities. The existence and locations of these facilities depend on a variety of factors that include the distribution of natural resources and the economy of scale of operating large facilities. These large facilities provide goods and/or services well beyond the political jurisdiction in which they reside and their emissions to the global atmosphere are not a simple reflection of the consumption of goods and services within the geographic region in which they reside. And yet many accounting schemes do not distinguish between emissions for local consumption and emissions for export. Looking at the geographic distribution of large point sources of CO2 emissions in theU.S. suggests that per capita emissions from a geographic area are not necessarily a good indication of the mitigation responsibility of the residents. The design of effective and fair mitigation strategies needs to consider that emissions embodied in the products of large facilities, such as electric power and refined petroleum products, are often transferred across accounting boundaries; e.g. the CO2 emissions occur in one jurisdiction even though the electricity is used in another. We close with a short discussion of how two sub-national emissions trading schemes in the U.S. have confronted the issue of embodied emissions crossing their jurisdictional boundaries.
Two new polymorphs of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid.

Two new polymorphs of 4-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)­benzoic acid, C9H11NO2, resulting from the attempted cocrystallization in ethanol of 4-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)­benzoic acid and a mixture of 3-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)­benzoic acid and 3-(3-pyrid­yl)-2-pyridone producing one polymorph, and a mixture of 3-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)­benzoic acid and 5-meth­oxy-3,3′-bipyridine producing the second polymorph, have been crystallographically characterized. The primary inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate a dimeric acid–acid motif that is present in all three polymorphs.
Optimization of a resistively-loaded horn for mine detection

Five basic versions of an U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) built Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) radar antenna were modeled using the method of moments (MOM) algorithm in FEKO computational electromagnetics software with the goal of improving the antenna performance. The antennas consist of two-sided, open horns where horizontal, resistively loaded parallel plates were attached at the radiating end of the horn. Three of the models featured cylindrical flares attached to the end of the parallel plates. Each of the five versions was optimized over a small range of geometry and resistance parameters. The computations predicted that the design using resistive sheets in the parallel line structure with no flare had the best performance because of its combination of favorably low S11 parameters and forward-directed vertical electric far field.
Recent Advances in Improving Dry Whole Milk. A Review

The importance of having' a dry whole milk which reconstitutes to give a beverage closely approximating the characteristics of a fresh natural product has been recognized for many years by researchers, manufacturers, and users. This is part icular ly true during times of national and global emergencies, when the availability of fluid milk becomes greatly curtailed due to inadequate and often impossible distribution. The Quatermaster Corps of the U.S. Army, being faced with this situation during World W a r I I and again in the Korean War, established a program of research with various universities, during the early and middle 1950's, to investigate means of improving dry whole milk. The results of this program (4) have been of great assistance in clarifying many of the factors concerned with the low acceptabili ty of whole milk powder. The intent of this paper is to briefly review stone of the progress made during the past 15 y r in improving the over-all quality of whole milk powder. Improvements have resulted in flavor quality from an increased knowledge of the effects of fat, lactose-protein compIexing, and processing procedures on this characteristic; in dispersibili ty through better understanding of the physical factors involved; and in processing techniques which have made i t possible to eliminate or control factors responsible for poor quality in the past. Whole milk powder has been criticized in many respects. Firs t , i t has been very difficult to disperse even by mechanical means, and practically impossible without the use of warm water. Secondly, the flavor of the freshest powder has been inclined to be highly cooked and eggy, with butterscotch or cooked fat overtones and, finally, deterioration during storage has resulted in flavors characterized as oxidized, tallowy, rancid, stale, burnt feathers, powder flavor, fruity, coconut, malty, cereal, and a host of other descriptions. The widest use of dry whole milk in this country has been as an ingredient in the formulation of other foods or for infant feeding. In other areas throughout the world where fluid milk is not generally available, i t has received wide use as a beverage for all people. In this last respect, it is of interest that in such areas fluid milk is hardly accepted as milk, the standard being whole milk powder.
Porotic Hyperostosis, Anemias, Malarias, and Marshes in the Prehistoric Eastern Mediterranean

Porotic hyperostosis, formerly called osteoporosis symmetrica, is an overgrowth of the spongy marrow space of the skull. In children, other bones may also be affected. The disease is a consequence of one of the thalassemias or sicklemia. These anemias are balanced polymorphisms which are apparently maintained by falciparum malaria. Falciparum malaria spread over the anopheline belts of the Old World in coincidence with porotic hyperostosis, but did not penetrate the New World. Here some other parasitism or deficiency anemia must have been the cause of porotic hyperostosis in ancient times. In Anatolia, Greece, and Cyprus from the seventh to second millennia B.C., porotic hyperostosis occurred frequently in early farmers who lived in marshy areas, but rarely in inhabitants of dry or rocky areas or in latest Paleolithic hunters. As shown by skeletal samples from Greece, the frequency of the disease decreased as farming methods improved. However, from Hellenistic to Romantic times it again increased together with increases in the incidence of malaria and in poorer farming. There are correlations between porotic hyperostosis and adult stature and fertility. The mutations producing falciparum malaria therefore must antedate seventh millenium B.C. and I think may have an Eastern Mediterranean origin.
The MINK Methodology: Background and Baseline

A four step methodology has been developed for study of the regional impacts of climate change and the possible responses thereto. First the region’s climate sensitive sectors and total economy are described (Task A, current baseline). Next a scenario of climate change is imposed on the current baseline (Task B, current baseline with climate change). A new baseline describing the climate sensitive sectors and total regional economy is projected for some time in the future (Task C, future baseline, year 2030) in the absence of climate change. Finally, the climate change scenario is reimposed on the future baseline (Task D, future baseline with climate change). Impacts of the climate change scenario on the current and future regional economies are determined by means of simulation models and other appropriate techniques. These techniques are also used to assess the impacts of an elevated CO2 concentration (450 ppm) and of various forms of adjustments and adaptations.
Investigating Motivation for Physical Activity among Minority College Females using the BREQ-2

Adolescents who engage in regular physical activity experience increased academic performance and grades, improved academic behavior, such as time on task, as well as an increase in other factors that influence academic achievement. Despite physical activity recommendations, regular engagement in physical activity is still an issue among American adolescents. Furthermore, physically inactive lifestyles are highest among minority populations, lower socioeconomic groups, and women. Self Determination Theory provides a basis for investigating the cognitive, affective and motivational processes of physical activity. At present time, there is a dearth of research exploring motivation of physical activity among minority female college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the type of motivation that is most strongly related to moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, strength training and stretching among college-aged African American females in an effort to consider ways to improve physical activity promotion efforts on a college campus. Students enrolled in a required basic studies physical education and wellness course at a southeastern state university were invited to participate in data collection activities. Participants were invited to complete the modified Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), a 19-item questionnaire designed to measure motivation for physical activity. Of the 1422 college students that agreed to participate, 54 identified themselves as a non-Caucasian female. Results offered limited support for the hypothesis that those who are extrinsically motivated would engage in more physical activity. Nevertheless, a required physical activity class for college students could potentially provide an opportunity for those who would otherwise be amotivated for physical activity to engage in regular physical activities.
Compact snapshot birefringent imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for remote sensing and endoscopy

The design and implementation of a compact multiple-image Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) is presented. Based on the multiple-image FTS originally developed by A. Hirai, the presented device offers significant advantages over his original implementation. Namely, its birefringent nature results in a common-path interferometer which makes the spectrometer insensitive to vibration. Furthermore, it enables the potential of making the instrument ultra-compact, thereby improving the portability of the sensor. The theory of the birefringent FTS is provided, followed by details of its specific embodiment. A laboratory proof of concept of the sensor, designed and developed at the Optical Detection Lab, is also presented. Spectral measurements of laboratory sources are provided, including measurements of light-emitting diodes and gas-discharge lamps. These spectra are verified against a calibrated Ocean Optics USB2000 spectrometer. Other data were collected outdoors and of a rat esophagus, demonstrating the sensor’s ability to resolve spectral signatures in both standard outdoor lighting and environmental conditions, as well as in fluorescence spectroscopy.
Proportionally fair rate allocation in regular Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of fair rate allocation that maximizes the network throughput in regular topologies of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In order to monitor the entire coverage area of the WSN while maintaining acceptable network throughput, we need to find the optimal rate allocation for the individual/competing end-to-end sessions that maximizes the total proportionally fair throughput of the network. We provide closed form expressions for the optimal end-to-end session rates for square, triangular and hexagonal topologies as well as the bounds for the link layer transmission probabilities. We study the aforementioned problem for regular WSNs with a slotted Aloha MAC layer, which provides us with a lower bound for more realistic MAC protocols. Real world experiments using Telosb nodes validate our theories and results. Simulations carried out in Qualnet verify our comparisons of the different regular topologies as the size of network grows.
Some relations between psychiatric and psychomotor behavior changes associated with tranquilizing medications

Summary Twenty-six severely and chronically disturbed schizophrenic women were placed successively under conditions of regular medication, placebo, an experimental tranquilizer, trifluoperazine, and trifluoperazine-plus-benztropine methanesulfonate medication. Psychomotor performance was obtained on a battery of four tests (reaction time, steadiness, pegboard, and pursuit rotor) twice weekly for 15 weeks. Concurrent observations were made of the psychiatric status of the patients and of their muscular dysfunction. A comparison group of 10 chronic schizophrenic women were tested under conditions of regular medication. Psychiatric status steadily deteriorated under the placebo and SU-3822 regimens but began to improve following the introduction of trifluoperazine and benztropine methanesulfonate. The trifluoperazine caused muscular dysfunction which was partially alleviated by the anti-Parkinsonism agents. The reaction time and steadiness tests were found to be sensitive to the change in psychiatric status, but did not reflect the effects of muscular dysfunction. On the other hand, the pursuit rotor, pegboard, and horizontal alternation tests were not sensitive to change in psychiatric status but did indicate effects due to muscular dysfunction.
Effect of parameter uncertainty on water quality predictions in distribution systems-case study

The effect of parameter uncertainty on water quality in a distribution system under steady and unsteady conditions is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Sources of uncertainties for water quality include decay coefficients, pipe diameter and roughness, and nodal spatial and temporal demands. Results from the system analyzed suggest that water quality estimates are robust to individual parameter estimates but the total effect of multiple parameters can be important. The largest uncertainties occur when flow patterns are altered. The study also provides guidance on difficulties in model calibration. For example, the wall decay had the largest influence on model prediction for the system that was reviewed and is one of the most difficult to measure given its variability between pipes.
Regulation of Cytokine Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Following Treatment With Nicotine and Lipopolysaccharide

Background: Patients who smoke are at increased risk for chronic periodontitis (CP). Most studies suggest that the microbial flora in these patients is similar to that found in non-smoking CP patients. Thus, the increased risk for development of CP is not dependent on an altered microbial profile, but rather to some change in the host response to these periopathogens. There is evidence that human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) derived from diseased sites produce greater amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in vitro than cells derived from healthy sites. This suggests that HGF subpopulations may be selected based upon the inflammatory milieu in which they reside. The hypothesis to be tested was that the combination of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could regulate HGF inflammatory mediator production. Methods: HGF cell cultures were established from explants derived from 10 patients with CP. HGF cell cultures were stimulated with 1mM, 1µM, or 1ηM nicotine ± Escherichia coli or Porphyromonas gingivalis ...
GREEN'S FUNCTION FOR AN INFINITE ELASTIC PLATE ON WINKLER'S FOUNDATION

In this technical note, an infinite thick plate on Winkler's foundation is studied. The effect of shear between the plate and the foundation on the deflection and the stresses is analyzed. It is assumed that the foundation has a stiffness k (the force needed to produce a unit displacement per area) and reacts in compression as well as tension. The effect of a concentrated normal unit force is investigated. The solution is based on the Airy stress function formulation. The Hankel transformation is employed to solve the biharmonic equation for the stress function. The transformed solution is subject to the transformed boundary conditions and the appli- cation of the inversion theorem leads to the final solution in the integral form. Judiciously selected dimensionless parameters make this solution relatively simple. Numerical results are obtained for some values of those param- eters. In particular, the following two special cases are studied: (1) deflections of a relatively thin plate are compared to the results obtained by Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger, giving an excellent correlation; and (2) with the thickness becoming infinite, the solution of Boussinesq's problem is readily recovered.
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced senescence-like growth arrest in colon cancer cells is associated with loss of adenomatous polyposis coli protein, microtubule organization, and telomeric DNA

Background Cellular senescence is a state in which mammalian cells enter into an irreversible growth arrest and altered biological functions. The senescence response in mammalian cells can be elicited by DNA-damaging agents. In the present study we report that the DNA-damaging agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is able to induce senescence in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line.
The LKB1 Tumor Suppressor as a Biomarker in Mouse and Human Tissues

Germline mutations in the LKB1 gene (also known as STK11) cause the Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, and somatic loss of LKB1 has emerged as causal event in a wide range of human malignancies, including melanoma, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. The LKB1 protein is a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other downstream targets. Conditional knockout studies in mouse models have consistently shown that LKB1 loss promotes a highly-metastatic phenotype in diverse tissues, and human studies have demonstrated a strong association between LKB1 inactivation and tumor recurrence. Furthermore, LKB1 deficiency confers sensitivity to distinct classes of anticancer drugs. The ability to reliably identify LKB1-deficient tumors is thus likely to have important prognostic and predictive implications. Previous research studies have employed polyclonal antibodies with limited success, and there is no widely-employed immunohistochemical assay for LKB1. Here we report an assay based on a rabbit monoclonal antibody that can reliably detect endogenous LKB1 protein (and its absence) in mouse and human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. LKB1 protein levels determined through this assay correlated strongly with AMPK phosphorylation both in mouse and human tumors, and with mRNA levels in human tumors. Our studies fully validate this immunohistochemical assay for LKB1 in paraffin-embedded formalin tissue sections. This assay should be broadly useful for research studies employing mouse models and also for the development of human tissue-based assays for LKB1 in diverse clinical settings.
The New Affirmative Action Socioeconomic Preference Criteria in College Admissions

This study investigates perceptions about the fairness and effectiveness of college admission preferences based on socioeconomic need. In a sample of 137 business students at a multicultural urban ...
The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change.

The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change. Chris Gosden and Jon Hather. eds. New York: Routledge, 1999. 523 pp.
Paranormal Beliefs of High School Students

The Paranormal Belief Scale was given to high school students in Grade 11 (95 boys, 98 girls). This scale provides a total Paranormal Belief Score, plus scores on each of seven paranormal subscales: Traditional Religious Belief, Psi Belief, Witchcraft, Spiritualism, Superstition, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Precognition. Paranormal scale/subscale scores of high school students were compared to those of a sample of college students. Generally, high school students were greater disbelievers in paranormal phenomena than college students. High school students showed significantly less belief than college students on the total Paranormal Scale and on the subscales, Psi Belief, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Witchcraft. As hypothesized, the number of science courses taken by high school students correlated significantly and inversely with total Paranormal Scale scores, Traditional Religious Belief scores, and Psi Belief scores. Also as hypothesized, Traditional Religious Belief scores were significantly and di...
Petroleum and Source-Rock Potential of Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous), East Texas Basin: ABSTRACT

The Eagle Ford Group is one of the most complex clastic units in the East Texas basin. At the type locality in Dallas County, Texas, the Eagle Ford consists of 400 ft of bluish-black, carbonaceous clay-shale, subdivided into the Tarrant, Britton, and Arcadia Park Formations. The Eagle Ford thickens to over 900 ft eastward into the basin. This thickening is due to the acquisition of sand bodies within the Britton, Arcadia Park, and sub-Clarksville (which occurs above the Arcadia Park) Formations. The individual formations of the Eagle Ford change in thickness and character throughout the basin, apparently as result of different depositional regimes. Significant petroleum reserves have been produced from the sub-Clarksville formation in the East Texas basin. However, no exploration for petroleum that could be present in the sands found in the Britton and Arcadia Park Formations has occurred to date. Application of refined depositional models for the various formation suggests new possible exploration targets. Geochemical analysis of the Eagle Ford Group throughout the basin suggests that the Eagle Ford shales may be a major source-rock for petroleum in Austin, Eagle Ford, Woodbine, and possible Buda Formations. This study examines the nature, distribution, origin, and possible petroleum contributions of Eagle Ford rocks in the East Texas basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 309------------
Prostaglandin synthase activity of fetal sheep cotyledons at 122 days of gestation and term: expression of prostaglandin synthetic capacity in fetal cotyledonary tissue near labor is location-dependent.

An activity assay is described for quantification of prostaglandin synthase (PGHS) in sheep placental cotyledon under initial velocity conditions through measurement of the stable product prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2). The effects of temperature, time, and substrate concentration on initial reaction velocity, and lipoxygenase and PGHS product formation in cotyledonary tissue, were examined in detail. We used this activity assay to determine whether or not an increase of active PGHS by placental location within the uterus might contribute selected prostaglandins (PG) for the directed initiation of parturition. Sheep cotyledon tissue was collected (n = 6 animals) from the ventral aspect of the uterine body, mid-horn, and horn tip at 122 days of gestation (dga), and from the same locations in the ventral body and horn tip at 142-145 dga (in animals at term but not in labor; n = 4). At 122 dga, there was no increase in active PGHS in cotyledonary tissue from the horn tip, mid-horn, or uterine body. By 142-145 dga, the horn showed significantly (p < 0.01) more enzyme activity than the body. At the same time, production of PGE2, expressed as a percentage of total eicosanoids, had not changed significantly. The development of an increase in PGHS toward the uterine tip implies that variations in regional PG production may contribute to the progression of labor.
Novel Porous Composite Material Containing Catalytic Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Production from Biofuel

In this study, a novel flow-based method is presented to place catalytic nanoparticles into a reactor by sol-gelation of a porous ceramic consisting of copper-based nanoparticles, silica sand, ceramic binder, and a gelation agent. This method allows for the placement of a liquid precursor containing the catalyst into the final reactor geometry without the need of impregnating or coating of a substrate with the catalytic material. The so generated foam-like porous ceramic shows properties highly appropriate for use as catalytic reactor material, e.g., reasonable pressure drop due to its porosity, high thermal and catalytic stability, and excellent catalytic behavior. The catalytic activity of micro-reactors containing this foam-like ceramic is tested in terms of their ability to convert alcoholic biofuel (e.g. methanol) to a hydrogen-rich gas mixture with low concentrations of carbon monoxide (up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO, for the case of methanol). This gas mixture is subsequently used in a low-temperature fuel cell, converting the hydrogen directly to electricity. A low concentration of CO is crucial to avoid poisoning of the fuel cell catalyst. Since conventional Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require CO concentrations far below 100 ppm and since most methods to reduce the mole fraction of CO (such as Preferential Oxidation or PROX) have CO conversions of up to 99%, the alcohol fuel reformer has to achieve initial CO mole fractions significantly below 1%. The catalyst and the porous ceramic reactor of the present study can successfully fulfill this requirement. The results of the present study confirm that product gas mixtures with up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO content can be achieved, which is an excellent result. The reactor temperature can be kept as low as 220°C while obtaining a methanol conversion of up to 70%. The used PROX catalyst showed selective CO conversion rates above 99.5% for temperatures between 80 and 100°C in presence of large molar fractions of H 2 O and CO 2 .
Photocrosslinkable anhydride monomers with tailored degradation and mechanical properties for orthopaedic applications

Photocrosslinkable anhydride monomers were synthesized and analyzed as potential degradable bone cements. These multifunctional monomers can form directly in the body with a radical chain polymerization. The effects of varying the monomer backbone structure (i.e., oligomerization) and the addition of a reactive diluent on physical properties were examined. The degree of oligomerization had insignificant effects on the mechanical properties and the rate of degradation of the copolymer network. With the addition of a diluent, mechanical properties were greatly improved. Compressive strengths on the order of 80 MPa were attained, comparable to poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. In addition, the degradation rate was proportional to the wt% of reactive diluent added. By adding a reactive diluent, one is able to tailor the physical properties of these materials for orthopaedic applications.
Edward Uhler Condon, a Personal Recollection

Edward Uhler Condon was one of the young American physicists who, in 1926, enjoyed a Fellowship at Gottingen and Munich, in time to participate in the revolution of theoretical physics arising from the new quantum mechanics. Son of a railroad engineer in the western United States, sometimes newspaper man in San Francisco, Condon’s scientific career combined the abstract with the practical, theory and observation in a unique way. The most fruitful period of his work in theoretical physics occurred between 1926 and 1936, encompassing collaborations with many of the most distinguished scientists of that period. Others in today’s symposium will discuss these contributions in more detail. I would like to recall his impact on science after he began to combine the academic and administrative life, including major positions in industry (Westinghouse and Corning Glass) as well as in government (Directorship of the National Bureau of Standards).
Factors affecting occurrence of experimental repression.

The present study was carried out to determine what effect such nonpersonality factors as the intensity of an aversive stimulus and the type of stimulus contingency had on the demonstration of experimentally induced repression. Using a modified retroactive inhibition paradigm, it was found that the contingent as opposed to the noncontingent use of the aversive stimulus significantly affected the occurrence of experimental repression; however, this effect depended on the intensity level of the stimulus used. The results also suggest that experimental repression can occur whether the aversive stimulus is made contingent on either the response terms or the stimulus terms of the paired-associates used. These findings are discussed with respect to their congruence with the punishment literature, and the occurrence of experimental repression is explained in terms of an avoidance conditioning hypothesis based on Estes' theory.
Characterization of the Reversion Process in Accelerated Sulfur Curing of Natural Rubber

Abstract From studies of a series of accelerated sulfur vulcanizations of natural rubber, the structural basis of the reversion in macroscopic physical-mechanical properties has been determined. The amount of chemically induced trans-methine butadiene-like structure increases as the reversion process proceeds. When there is no observable reversion, there is no detectable trans-methine butadiene-like structure. The presence of the trans-methine butadiene-like structure is detrimental to the properties of the natural rubber vulcanizate. The vulcanization process involves two competing processes, namely, crosslinking and desulfuration. The latter process produces the trans-methine structure which is responsible for the reversion in properties.
Design and simulation of the nuSTORM facility

This thesis provides a full design and simulation of the nuSTORM beam line facility including the pion beam line , the pion and muon orbit combination section, and the muon decay ring. The study also includes the development of numerical optimization methods and their application to the design. At nuSTORM, one proton batch from the Main Injector (MI) is extracted and transported to the target station to bombard a solid target. A magnetic horn is used as the collection device for the secondary particles such as pions and kaons. A pion beam line is designed to transport the secondary particles downstream to the muon decay ring. In order to avoid the use of a fast kicker with a large aperture for the injection, an Orbit Combination Section (OCS) was designed to combine the reference pion orbit with the circulating muon orbit. This ful lls the stochastic injection scheme proposed in the 1980s. It is shown through the simulation that the pion beam line is able to deliver 0.011 muons per proton on target within the acceptance of the ring. In order to improve the circulating muon ux, an optimization of the magnetic collection horn was studied. A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithmmore » (MOGA), that was modi ed to integrate Message Passing Interface (MPI) in the process, is applied to the optimization. The number of muons within the ring acceptance from the pion decay is estimated by the pions after the collection horn. This new method was proposed to lower the requirement on the computing resources for the optimization. The study gives a new and better target and horn con guration after a full investigation of the system. The nuSTORM ring is examined with two optics designs. With di erent features, the two designs are optimized via correcting the nonlinearities with sextupolar eld distribution in the ring. A modi ed MPI-based Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm was applied to obtain the optimal ring acceptance. The comparison with the GA shows good agreements on the achieved optimal ring acceptance. The pion and muon beams at nuSTORM were simulated and yield avor-pure and precisely measurable neutrino beams, which can be used to provide a de nite statement about the existence of a sterile neutrino.« less
Classification of alkali–silica reaction damage using acoustic emission: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a concrete degradation mechanism that generates internal cracks in concrete material as a result of volumetric expansion. This mechanism is currently affecting many structures throughout the United States, especially in Texas and the Pacific Northwest. In this study, an accelerated ASR test was implemented at the University of South Carolina Structures and Materials Laboratory on twelve specimens with dimensions of 3 × 3 × 11.25 in. (76 × 76 × 286 mm). The specimens were cast using reactive aggregate and mortar with a high alkali content and placed in a controlled environment with high humidity and temperature to accelerate the reaction, while being continuously monitored with acoustic emission. Length change measurements and petrographic examination were conducted periodically to serve as benchmarks for ASR damage detection. Micro-cracking associated with ASR damage was detected by AE and the rate of AE activity was correlated to the rate of ASR damage. An AE based Intensity Analysis chart that enables ASR damage classification in correlation with petrographic analysis was developed.
Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Real-Time PCR

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common, recognized cause of sporadic and severe encephalitis in the USA. The virus is estimated to account for at least 10–20 % of all viral encephalitis occurring in patients of all ages [30, 32, 57]. It is also important to underscore the worldwide impact of HSV infections in patients with superficial and systemic disease within every major organ system in both normal and immunocompromised hosts. Furthermore, this virus is usually the most frequent agent recovered in diagnostic laboratories from a variety of specimens using conventional (tube cell cultures) and rapid shell vial culture methods [18, 47]. Approximately 90 % of adults are seropositive for HSV, which is consistent with studies showing the detection of the viral genome in the trigeminal ganglia of 85–95 % of unselected autopsy cases [25]. Despite the high seroprevalence of HSV, the virus is rarely recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens in viral culture, and this has been a major technical obstacle for the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) disease caused by this virus. Of 425 viral isolates recovered from CSF at the Mayo Clinic over a 12-year period (1984–1996), only 9 (2 %) were HSV [52].
The New Psychological Contract: Implications of the Changing Workplace for Labor and Employment Law

In this article, Professor Stone describes the profound changes that are occurring in the employment relationship in the United States. Firms are dismantling their internal labor markets and abandoning their implicit promises of orderly promotion and long-term job security. No longer is employment centered on a single, primary employer. Instead, employees operate in a boundaryless workplace in which they expect to move frequently between firms, and between divisions within firms, throughout their working lives. At the same time, employers and employees have a new understanding of their mutual obligations, a new psychological contract, in which expectations of job security and promotional opportunities have been replaced by expectations of employability, training, human capital development, and networking opportunities. The changes in the nature of the employment relationship have many implications for labor and employment regulation. The U.S. system of labor and employment law that originated in the New Deal period is built upon the assumption of long-term attachment between employer and employee. The collective bargaining laws as well as the social welfare measures that provide old age assistance, unemployment insurance, health insurance, and disability insurance are employer-centered and depend upon an on-going employment relationship. These legal structures are not well-suited to the boundaryless workplace. Professor Stone discusses the implications of the new workplace for three issues that are problematic in the new workplace: ownership of human capital, employment discrimination, and employee representation. In each area, she makes suggestions to address problems of insecurity, unfairness and injustice that frequently arise. These proposals are part of an effort to begin to imagine, and create, a new labor and employment law, one that can foster equity and justice in the new workplace.
Importance of Substitutability Between Factors of Production in Explaining a Changing Wage Differential

Rising wage differential during the last two decades has become a hot topic of discussion among the academics as well as the politicians and policy makers. One of the popular but debated reasons put forward is skill-biased technological change argument. However, since skill is hard to measure, so is the skill-bias of technological change. Also economists suspect that increasing free trade between countries may have a prominent role to play in this ongoing debate. In this study, a trade model is used to investigate the rising wage differential. The main finding of this paper is that a skill-biased technological change is neither necessary nor sufficient for increasing wage differential in the presence of trade. In other words, even in the presence of a skill-biased technological change we may see a converging wage differential depending on the substitutability between the factors and their distributive shares. To investigate the role of substitutability between the inputs, a translog cost function is used. I use an aggregate dataset on the Indian manufacturing sector for this study. I find complementary relationship between production and non-production workers. Using Hicksian definition of factor bias, I do not find any evidence of a technological change that favors the non-production workers (used as a proxy for skilled workers in many studies). However non-production workers may not always be a good proxy for skilled workers. Also the production process became more capital intensive in the Indian manufacturing industry. Following Griliches' capital-skill complementarity hypothesis, this supports the idea of increasing usage of skill in the production. Thus the evidence of skill-biased technological change is, at best, inconclusive.
DEPRESSION AND FIGURE SIZE ON THE DRAW-A-PERSON TEST

The relationship between figure size on the Draw-A-Person and depression was studied for depressed patients, non-depressed patients, and non-depressed hospital employees (30 males and 30 females in each group). All participants completed a figure drawing and a measure of depression, Beck's Inventory or the MMPI. No differences were found between any of the groups, that is, all groups drew figures of close to the same size. Figure size and depression were not related.
Manipulation of Ultracold Chemistry

I will discuss the molecular physics underlying recent experimental observations of, and control over, chemical reactions at JILA. For these polar species, possible handles for control include the quantum statistics of the molecules, the temperature, applied electric fields, and confinement in reduced-dimensional geometry. These aspects of control are described remarkably well by simple theoretical ideas.
Nonlinear Guided Waves in Negative-Index Films

We report the existence of nonlinear waves propagating in a waveguide composed of a negative-index medium (NIM) surrounded by conventional media. The energy flow associated with the guided waves is calculated.
The Vanishing Military Veteran: A Postmodern Disappearance of the Hero

This article brings a postmodern philosophical perspective on the impact of U.S. media, cyber-technology, and the loss of the veteran hero in our current day American culture. Societal ambivalence, media depersonalization, and techno-war tactics along with the collusion of institutional under-responsiveness contribute to the metaphorical and real disappearance, or lack of recognition, and alienation of the veteran and his or her behavioral health needs. This phenomenon also speaks to the denial of community and governmental responsibility that in fact, we all as a society, share toward returning service members in helping them to reintegrate into civilian life with renewed sense of hope, health, dignity, and identity.
STUDY ON THE FACTORS OF METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF HEROIN DEPENDENT PATIENTS

Objective:To evaluate the life quality of heroin dependent patients on methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) and analyze the main factors that affect their life quality. Methods:The life quality of heroin dependent patients on MMT was assessed with the Quality of Life for Drug Addicts (QOL-DA) before and after treatment for six months. Results:After six months on MMT, 93.1% of the heroin dependent patients improved their life quality, showing significant difference in the scores of physical function, psychological function, social function and withdrawal symptoms, compared with that of before treatment (t=14.77,14.69,16.79,9.85, P0.001. Gender, education level and employment situation were important factors that influenced therapeutic results(t=4.15,2.93,-2.627, P0.01). Conclusion:Methadone maintenance treatment can generally improve the life quality of heroin dependent patients. Positive measures and more supports from society are needed to enhance the therapeutic effects of MMT.
Quinine-dependent antibodies to neutrophils react with a 60-Kd glycoprotein on which neutrophil-specific antigen NB1 is located and an 85-Kd glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked N-glycosylated plasma membrane glycoprotein

We have previously described a 24-year-old woman with quinine-dependent antibodies that reacted with neutrophils, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and T lymphocytes. The drug-dependent neutrophil antibody was found to react with 85- and 60-Kd neutrophil membrane molecules. In these studies, we further characterized these molecules and found that both were glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked and contained sialic acid residues and N-linked carbohydrate side chains, but neither contained O-linked carbohydrates. The protein backbone of the 60-Kd molecule was 45 Kd, and the 85 Kd glycoprotein (GP) was made up of 33- and 31-Kd proteins. While some GPI-anchored neutrophil GPs are released by stimulated neutrophils, neither the 85- nor the 60-Kd GP was released by neutrophil stimulated with C5a, f-met-leu-phe (FMLP), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Neutrophil-specific antigen NB1 is located on a 58- to 64-Kd GP. To determine if the quinine-dependent antibody and anti-NB1 recognize the same GP, immunoprecipitation studies were performed with the quinine-dependent antibody using neutrophils with varying NB1 phenotypes. The 60-Kd GP was detected on NB1-positive neutrophils from 11 of 12 donors tested, but not on NB1- negative neutrophils from two donors tested. After solubilized 125I- labeled neutrophils were absorbed with anti-NB1, the quinine-dependent antibody immunoprecipitated the 85-Kd GP, but not the 60-Kd GP. These results indicate that anti-NB1 and the quinine-dependent antibody identified the same GP. The 85-Kd GP was detected on neutrophils from all 14 donors tested. The electrophoretic mobility of the 85-Kd GP was similar to the electrophoretic mobility of the major 125I-labeled neutrophil protein.
The history of dermatologic liposuction.

Dermatologists have been involved in liposuction even before its introduction into the United States. Liposuction has rapidly become part of the dermatologic surgeon’s armamentarium. Dermatologic surgeons have been innovators in teaching and research in liposuction. They have been largely responsible for developments in fat transfer surgery.
International Marketing Implications for the ‘form Follows Function’Paradigm

World economic interdependence has prompted a growing number of organizations to seek opportunities in the arena of international marketing. However, the organizational structures which served them well on a domestic level are often unequal to the task on a global scale. This paper addresses the practitioner’s question of how to couple organizational structure with strategic marketing orientation to improve international effectiveness.
OR50 Potential new molecular markers to select donors for bone marrow/hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation

Objective Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (BMT/HSCT). While HLA-matched biological siblings are the most desired donors, 70% of patients do not have a matching donor in their family and HLA matched unrelated donors (MUD) are the only hope. Regardless, GVHD still occurs in 30% BMT/HSCT, mostly in MUD HSCT. As of now, only the HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, and DP located in the, alpha, beta and delta blocks are considered for matching. We stipulated that the gamma block (GB) encoding immune responses could be an additional tool to select the best donor/recipient pair in MUD transplants. Method Using SNP based molecular assay for GB-typing, we studied 52 recipient/donor pairs who received HSCT at our Institution. Results Overall 10.1% of related (2/22), 100% haploidentical (4/4) and 65.4% of MUD/recipient pairs (17/22) were GB mismatched showing MUD/recipient pairs as 7 times more likely to harbor GB-mismatch compared to related pairs. A limited clinical outcome study showed that GB-mismatch had a higher incidence of grade 2–4 acute GVHD (p = 0.044) and chronic GVHD (p = 0.048). Multivariate regression showed GB-mismatch is associated with higher transplant related mortality (p = 0.020) and a trend for severe acute GVHD (HR 2.450, 95% CI 0.96 − 6.22; p = 0.060) after controlling for donor type. The 25 GB SNPs we examined span both exons and introns of C4 gene. While 46.7% GB-mismatched MUD/recipient and 50% of the haploidentical recipient/donor pairs had SNPs detected in the exons, 75% of the SNP-mismatches occurred in the introns in related pairs. Since the exons are more relevant to functional proteins and introns are more associated with regulation of expression of genes, this distinction of occurrence of GB SNPs in the exons of MUD and haploidentical cases might have practical significance. All related recipient/donor pairs had ⩽3 GB SNP mismatches; whereas all haploidentical and 11/17 MUD/recipient pairs had ⩾3 GB SNPs. Hence there could be more substance to the SNPs in GB as we proceed with larger studies. Conclusion Our limited data shows that GB disparity can be an additional marker for donor selection for better BMT/HSCT outcome. More retrospective and prospective studies with long-term follow up are needed.
Large Caudate Nucleus on MRI in ADHD

MRI measurements of the head of the caudate nucleus correlated with neuropsychological deficits and behavioral problems in 11 adolescents with ADHD in a study at the University of Barcelona, Spain.