cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Malignant mixed müllerian tumors an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis with histogenetic considerations

In the female genital tract, malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMTs) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis. We have examined 11 MMTs by both electron microscopy (EM) and immunoperoxidase techniques (IPX). Eight were of endometrial, two were of ovarian, and one of tubal origins. The IPX analysis included monoclonal antibodies to keratin (k) and vimentin (v) and a polyclonal antibody to myoglobin. Carcinomatous elements were always keratin positive (K+) and were focally positive for vimentin in six tumors. Homologous stromal sarcoma cells were vimentin positive (V+) and in three tumors were focally K+. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial cells were not highly differentiated and the sarcomatous elements generally resembled normal proliferative-phase stromal cells. The epithelial and stromal elements were separated by a thin basal lamina that only rarely and focally had discontinuities. No transitional cellular forms were identified. A definite positive myoglobin reaction was seen in two of the four neoplasms in which rhabdomyoblasts were identified by light microscopy. Myofilaments were identified by electron microscope in three neoplasms.
A new electric locomotive for the Pennsylvania Railroad

Simplicity and reliability are the keynotes of the design of the new single-phase a-c electric locomotives for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Basic components tried and proved by years of successful operation were deliberately chosen and combined into a new design. Full advantage was taken of the latest improvements in materials and manufacturing processes to create a motive power unit of high capacity which is economical to build, operate, and maintain.
TRANCE-NATIONALISM: RELIGIOUS IMAGINARIES OF BELONGING IN THE BLACK ATLANTIC

Matory, James Lorand 2005. Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomble. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Clarke, Kamari Maxine 200...
Living with Language Impairment

Language impairment (LI) affects children in numerous ways. As they mature, children with LI may demonstrate ongoing problems with communication and academics as well as challenges with social interaction, social acceptance, and friendship formation. The life experience of children with LI is likely to be characterized by persistent difficulty across a wide range of tasks as well as social isolation in a variety of contexts.
Characterization of supported iridium catalysts prepared from Ir4(CO)12

Abstract The characterization of silica- and alumina-supported iridium catalysts prepared from Ir 4 (CO) 12 is described. The techniques employed are infrared spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and gravimetric chemisorption measurements. Supported Ir 4 (CO) 12 begins to decompose on heating in vacuo above 75 °C, and decomposition is complete at 350 °C. The major product of decomposition on silica is metallic iridium, whereas on alumina a fraction of the iridium becomes oxidized. Hydrogen reduction of both silica- and alumina-supported catalysts following decomposition of the parent complex in vacuo produces highly dispersed metallic iridium. From observed shifts in the infrared frequencies of adsorbed CO with coverage it is concluded that the iridium may be in the form of two-dimensional rafts, containing possibly 20 atoms or more.
Physical organic chemistry of transition metal carbene complexes. 24. Thermodynamic and kinetic acidities of phenyl-substituted (benzylmethoxycarbene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes. Is there a transition-state imbalance?

A kinetic study of the reversible deprotonation of phenyl-substituted (benzylmethoxycarbene)pentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes by OH- and by a series of primary aliphatic and a series of secondary alicyclic amines in 50% MeCN−50% water (v/v) at 25 °C is reported. Bronsted αCH values (dependence on carbene complex acidity) and βB values (dependence on amine basicity) were determined. According to current notions about proton transfers involving carbon acids activated by π-acceptors, αCH was expected to substantially exceed βB, the result of transition-state imbalances that are characteristic of such reactions. However we find that αCH and βB have essentially the same values, which are close to 0.5. It is shown that these findings do not indicate the absence of an imbalance but rather suggest that the manifestation of the imbalance is masked by the π-donor effect (3H-Z ↔ 3H-Z±) of the methoxy group.
The Effects of Grobiotic-P on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibilities, and Cecal Microbial Populations in Young Chicks

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Grobiotic-P (GB), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at 4 and 21 d of age and cecal populations of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens at 21 d of age. Two experiments were conducted using male New Hampshire × Columbian chicks. The first experiment evaluated GB at 2, 4, and 6% in a corn-soybean meal diet and compared these dietary treatments to a diet containing no GB (negative control) and a diet containing an antibiotic growth promoter (positive control), bacitracin methylene disalicylate. The second experiment used semi-purified dextrose-casein and dextrose-isolated soy protein diets to examine the effects of a 5% GB addition. In the first experiment, supplementing GB at 2, 4, and 6% in a corn-soybean meal diet had no effect on weight gain (P > 0.05). Feed efficiency and MEn were decreased (P
A proximal tryptophan in NO synthase controls activity by a novel mechanism.

The heme of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) participates in O2 activation but also binds self-generated NO, resulting in reversible feedback inhibition. We utilized mutagenesis to investigate if a conserved tryptophan residue (Trp409), which engages in π-stacking with the heme and hydrogen bonds to its axial cysteine ligand, helps control catalysis and regulation by NO. Mutants W409F and W409Y were hyperactive regarding NO synthesis without affecting cytochrome c reduction, reductase-independent N-hydroxyarginine oxidation, or Arg and tetrahydrobiopterin binding. In the absence of Arg electron flux through the heme was slower in the W409 mutants than in wild-type. However, less NO complex accumulated during NO synthesis by the mutants. To understand the mechanism, we compared the kinetics of heme–NO complex formation, rate of heme reduction, kcat prior to and after NO complex formation, NO binding affinity, NO complex stability, and its reaction with O2. During the initial phase of NO synthesis, heme–NO complex formation was three and five times slower in W409F and W409Y, which corresponded to a slower heme reduction. NO complex formation inhibited wild-type turnover 7-fold but reduced mutant turnover less than 2-fold, giving mutants higher steady-state activities. NO binding kinetics were similar among mutants and wild type, although mutants also formed a 417 nm ferrous-NO complex. Oxidation of ferrous-NO complex was seven times faster in mutants than in wild type. We conclude that mutant hyperactivity primarily derives from slower heme reduction and faster oxidation of the heme–NO complex by O2. In this way Trp409 mutations minimize NO feedback inhibition by limiting buildup of the ferrous–NO complex during the steady state. Conservation of W409 among NOS suggests that this proximal Trp may regulate NO feedback inhibition and is important for enzyme physiologic function.
Diverse Functions for Six Glycosyltransferases in Caulobacter crescentus Cell Wall Assembly

The essential process of peptidoglycan synthesis requires two enzymatic activities, transpeptidation and transglycosylation. While the PBP2 and PBP3 transpeptidases perform highly specialized functions that are widely conserved, the specific roles of different glycosyltransferases are poorly understood. For example, Caulobacter crescentus encodes six glycosyltransferase paralogs of largely unknown function. Using genetic analyses, we found that Caulobacter glycosyltransferases are primarily redundant but that PbpX is responsible for most of the essential glycosyltransferase activity. Cells containing PbpX as their sole glycosyltransferase are viable, and the loss of pbpX leads to a general defect in the integrity of the cell wall structure even in the presence of the other five glycosyltransferases. However, neither PbpX nor any of its paralogs is required for the specific processes of cell elongation or division, while the cell wall synthesis required for stalk biogenesis is only partially disrupted in several of the glycosyltransferase mutants. Despite their genetic redundancy, Caulobacter glycosyltransferases exhibit different subcellular localizations. We suggest that these enzymes have specialized roles and normally function in distinct subcomplexes but retain the ability to substitute for one another so as to ensure the robustness of the peptidoglycan synthesis process.
The quantitative lif determination of OH concentrations in low-pressure flames

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH is used to measure spatially resolved temperature and concentration profiles in premixed laminar flames of H2 burning in mixtures of O2 and N2O at 7.2 Torr. Potential sources of error in such measurements are investigated: optical depth; the detector spectral bias, time delay, and sampling gate; and rotational level dependence of the quantum yield for the OH radical. We explicitly demonstrate differences between LIF intensity measurements and the actual OH concentration profiles caused by the temperature dependence of the rotational level populations across the flame front. By varying the proportion of O2 and N2O in stoichiometric flames, burnt gas temperatures between 1200 and 2300K are obtained. Quenching measurements in the burnst gases of these flames show that quenching by atomic hydrogen can be important. In the burnt gases of the H2/N2O flame, the quenching does not significantly depend on rotational level for diagnostics with 5% accuracy. However, in the chemically interesting and important flame front, there is a significant variation in the quantum yield with rotational level, and in the flame front of atmospheric pressure flames such quantum yield corrections are likely to be important.
Electrochemical explanation for asymmetric electrowetting response

Abstract In electrowetting, a droplet/substrate contact angle is modulated by applying a potential difference between the droplet and the substrate. Typically, the droplet potential is changed via an auxiliary electrode dipped in the droplet. Here, it is shown that electrochemical reactions lead to a potential drop on the auxiliary electrode in electrowetting, which degrades the droplet contact angle modulation. The magnitude of this effect depends on the voltage polarity. This problem can be addressed by using a dielectric layer, such as SiO 2 , which can prevent electrochemical reactions with the electrowetting substrate and the auxiliary electrode.
Phylogenetic relationships of bufonid frogs and tests of alternate macroevolutionary hypotheses characterizing their radiation

Abstract The frog family Bufonidae is a large group distributed throughout all major land masses of the world except the polar regions. Although the monophyly of Bufonidae is strongly supported, phylogenetic relationships within the group are not well understood. Because of apparently large differences in rates of morphological and behavioral evolution, speciation, and geographical range, Bufonidae raises intriguing macroevolutionary questions. For example, one might imagine that the group's evolutionary history is congruent (1) with its morphological and behavioral character distribution, or (2) with its current geographical positioning. To examine phylogenetic relationships within Bufonidae and test these alternate hypotheses, DNA sequence data were obtained from four genes, three mitochondrial and one nuclear, from populations throughout the geographic and taxonomic breadth of the family. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences by several methods support several hypotheses of relationships, notably: (1) contrary to the previous hypotheses of some workers,Bufois not the basal, wildly paraphyletic genus of Bufonidae, although it is also not monophyletic, (2) the basal splits within bufonids separate South American «atelopodid» genera from all other bufonids, although the monophyly of the «atelopodids» is not supported, and (3) the most highly supported clades within the family generally correspond to small- to medium-sized, geographically and morphologically homogeneous groups. These trees are used to test the two alternate macroevolutionary hypotheses, and, while neither hypothesis fully explains the observed phylogenetic relationships, these relationships are broadly consistent with both character distribution and geography at particular levels.
Exploring connections among reading, spelling, and phonemic segmentation during first grade

Exploratory data analysis was used to examine changes in individual reading and spelling patterns during first grade. Subjects were from classrooms receiving, on average, 45 minutes compared to 15 minutes of daily letter-sound instruction. Subjects spelled and read 60 words in October, February, and May, and deleted sounds from spoken words. Spelling and reading responses progressed from nonphonetic, to phonetic, to correct. Additionally, knowledge of a word's spelling informed its reading, while the converse was less apparent. Finally, those slow to improve in phoneme deletion were also slow to spell and read phonetically, especially among subjects receiving less instruction in letter-sound relations.
Inequalities for Continuous-Spin Ising Ferromagnets

We investigate correlation inequalities for Ising ferromagnets with continuous spins, giving a simple unified derivation of inequalities of Griffiths, Ginibre, Percus, Lebowitz, and Ellis and Monroe. The single-spin measure and Hamiltonian for which an inequality may be proved become more restricted as the inequality becomes more complex. However, all results hold for a model with ferromagnetic pair interactions, positive (nonuniform) external field, and single-spin measureν eitherv(σ) = [1/(l + 1)] xΣ f=0/l δ(−l +2j +σ) (spinl/2) ordv(σ) = exp [−P(σ)]dσ, whereP is an even polynomial all of whose coefficients must be positive except the quadratic, which is arbitrary. The Lebowitz correlation inequality is a corollary of the Ellis-Monroe inequality. As an application, we generalize the method of van Beijeren to establish a sharp phase interface at low temperature in nearest neighbor ferromagnets of at least three dimensions with arbitrary (symmetric) single-spin measure.
Natural and Perturbed Distributions of Langerhans Cells: Responses to Ultraviolet Light, Heterotopic Skin Grafting, and Dinitrofluorobenzene Sensitization

Epidermal Langerhans cells exhibit many features of macrophages/monocytes. Both bear surface receptors for the Fe portion of immunoglobulin molecules and the C3b complement component. Both take up, process, and present antigens to reactive lymphocytes in an effective fashion, and they display on their cell surfaces the alloantigenic determinants encoded by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. In view of these facts, we explored the extent to which cutaneous sites with unusual immunologic attributes might correspondingly have maldistributions or decreased surface densities of Langerhans cells. Common body sites such as the ear, back, and abdominal wall skin in hamsters, mice, and guinea pigs had regularly distributed ATPase-positive Langerhans cells in surface densities between 500 and 1,500 cells/mm 2 . In contrast, hamster check pouch epithelium had fewer than 200 Langerhans cells/mm 2 and murine tail skin exhibited both a decreased density and an unusual gridlike distribution of the cells. Langerhans cells were never demonstrated In cortical epithelium. Perturbation of body wall skin with ultraviolet light and with dinitrofluorobenzene temporarily depleted the skin of ATPase-positive Langerhans cells. Heterotopic grafts of hamster cheek pouch and murine tail skin tended to accumulate Langerhans cells and to become more like body wall skin. The concordance of Langerhans cell aberrations and unusual immunologic features of corneal cheek pouches and tail skins suggests the possibility that intentional perturbations of surface Langerhans cells, as with UVL, might achieve unusual immunologic reactions within normal body wall skin.
Student Process Recording in Practice with Children

ABSTRACT Written process recording (PR) is a traditional means of teaching social work practice in field agencies. However, schools of social work and field supervisors do not sufficiently differentiate the process of recording adult sessions from the process of recording sessions with children. Social work students and their supervisors are sometimes uncertain about how PR of child interviews should be written. This study examines the experiences of four supervisory pairs (students and supervisors) who wrote and used PR of child sessions in field supervision. The four pairs were drawn from different social work field practice settings, a residential treatment center, two outpatient mental health services, and a public school. The findings of interviews reveal four key points: (1) PR reflects a stage-wise learning process; (2) students' strong emotions are revealed in PR; (3) PR provides opportunities to teach theories and techniques relevant to a child perspective; and (4) outcome-driven expectations do ...
Steady, three-dimensional circulation on a cuspate continental shelf

Abstract A three-dimensional diagnostic model is constructed to investigate the steady circulation on a cuspate continental shelf. The curvature of the coastline and variable bottom topography are included in the analysis. The model is forced by alongshore wind stress, offshore wind stress, wind stress curl, wind stress divergence, and the spatial variations of the density field. Because of the coastline curvature the component of the wind stress parallel to the coast varies in the alongshore direction even if the wind stress itself is spatially uniform. This leads to asymmetrical distribution of the sea level gradients and to variations in the mass flux normal to the coast. The effects of nonuniform wind forcing introduced by the coastal curvature and those purely due to the effects of the wind stress curl and divergence with no flux normal to the coast are compared and discussed.
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery: Toward a Standardized Approach

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a congenital abnormality of the origin or course of a coronary artery that arises from the aorta. It is the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Its exact prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause sudden cardiac death, the actual risk of death for the different types of AAOCA, the optimal way to evaluate these patients, and whether any treatment strategies decrease the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients diagnosed with AAOCA are unknown. This article analyzes what is currently known and unknown about this disease. It also describes the creation of a dedicated multidisciplinary coronary anomalies program and the development of a framework in an initial attempt to standardize the evaluation and management of these patients.
Deformation Potentials in Silicon. III. Effects of a General Strain on Conduction and Valence Levels

Using a self-consistent perturbation theory developed in the first two papers of this series we have calculated the deformation potentials for a general strain for points of high symmetry ($\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, $X$, and $L$) in the conduction and valence bands of Si. We compare our calculated results with experimental values for (1) hydrostatic-pressure dependence of various energy gaps, (2) uniaxial-strain dependence of the splitting of the fourfold degenerate level at the top of the valence band, and (3) uniaxial strain dependence of the splitting of the degeneracy between equivalent valleys at the bottom of the conduction band. The agreement between theory and experiment ranges from fair to good.
Does magmatism influence low-angle normal faulting?

Synextensional magmatism has long been recognized as a ubiquitous characteristic of highly extended terranes in the western Cordillera of the United States. Intrusive magmatism can have severe effects on the local stress field of the rocks intruded. Because a lower angle fault undergoes increased normal stress from the weight of the upper plate, it becomes more difficult for such a fault to slide. However, if the principal stress orientations are rotated away from vertical and horizontal, then a low-angle fault plane becomes more favored. We suggest that igneous midcrustal inflation occurring at rates faster than regional extension causes increased horizontal stresses in the crust that alter and rotate the principal stresses. Isostatic forces and continued magmatism can work together to create the antiformal or domed detachment surface commonly observed in the metamorphic core complexes of the western Cordillera. Thermal softening caused by magmatism may allow a more mobile mid-crustal isostatic response to normal faulting.
A method of redundant clocking detection and power reduction at RT level design

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate and to reduce redundant power of synchronous circuits at RT level design. Because much redundant power is caused by redundant clockings which activate registers unnecessarily, we detect these clockings. They are detected from the difference of the numbers of incoming and outgoing data of a register. Then we introduce a gated-clock scheme to reduce the power consumption of the circuits using our estimation results. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our method and the effect on power reduction.
Effects of d − f correlation on the mixed-valent properties of Ce systems

In a recent paper it was suggested that the double-peak $4f$ photoemission spectra of Ce and ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Th}}_{0.1}$ indicate strong $d\ensuremath{-}f$ correlation. This paper discusses the effects of this correlation on the mixed-valent properties of Ce systems. In the impurity-lattice approximation, which is valid at high temperatures, the $f$-electron spectrum has the well-known x-ray-edge singularity at the Fermi level. The inclusion of $d\ensuremath{-}f$ hybridization adds fine structures to the spectrum near the Fermi level. Furthermore, the singularity can account for the Kondo-type resistivity and specific-heat anomalies without the need to invoke spin-flip scattering.
Antibodies against protein antigenic sites that are identical in the homologous protein of the immunized animal Autoreactivity in rabbits of antibodies to spermwhale myoglobin

Sequence comparisons between the antigenic sites of sperm-whale myoglobin and the corresponding regions in rabbit myoglobin indicate that rabbits make antibodies to regions of the sperm-whale myoglobin molecule which are identical to the corresponding regions in rabbit myoglobin. Rabbit myoglobin did not precipitate with antisera to sperm-whale myoglobin. However, it exhibited an extensive cross-reaction as demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the precipitin reaction of sperm-whale myoglobin, and on an immunoadsorbent, bound a large amount of antibodies to sperm-whale myoglobin.
Cross-cultural validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Greece: a preliminary study.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was first, to provide preliminary findings on the reliability and validity of a Greek translation of the CAP Inventory (Milner, 1986), and second, to examine whether there were any differences between Greek and American scores in the CAP Inventory. Method: A convenience sample of 320 Greek parents was recruited from the outpatient unit of a large Children's Hospital in Athens, Greece. Greek scores were compared with American scores taken from the test manual. Results: Internal consistency reliability was high for the Abuse scale (.91), two factor scales (Distress = .93 and Rigidity = .86) and one Validity scale (Inconsistency = .80). The Greek version of the Abuse scale had a similar factorial structure with the American version. Also, 78.1% of Greek parents were classified correctly as nonabusive by the Abuse scale. This rate was increased to 88.6% when invalid questionnaires were excluded from the sample. Comparisons between Greek and American mean scale scores indicated that Greek scores were significantly higher than American scores in all but one scale. Greeks had significantly lower scores than Americans in the Problems with Child and Self scale. Conclusions: Current findings including the high reliability, relatively high correct classification rates and factorial structure of the Greek Abuse scale are promising and support the idea of continuation of research for the development and validation of the Greek CAP Inventory. The difference between Greek and American scores in particular indicates the need for adjustment of cut off scores in the Greek scale.
Can You See Me Now? Design SEO-friendly Classroom Blogs for Reaching Valuable Public

As today's students become savvy users of Internet technologies, educators are taking this opportunity to motivate learning and foster engagement through the use of Web 2.0 software such as classroom blogs. This study explores the reasons and benefits behind moving classroom logs to valuable public, proposes a SEO-friendly design approach that focus on five aspects. The study demonstrate show to design and implement a SEO-friendly classroom blog for higher education through a case study.
Learning from Relevance Feedback Sessions using a K-Nearest-Neighbor-Based Semantic Repository

This paper introduces a flexible learning approach for image retrieval with relevance feedback. A semantic repository is constructed offline by applying the k-nearest-neighbor-based relevance learning on both positive and negative session-term feedback. This repository semantically relates each database image to a set of training images chosen from all semantic categories. The query semantic feature vector can then be computed using the current feedback and the semantic values in the repository. The dot product measures the semantic similarity between the query and each database image. Our extensive experimental results show that the semantic repository (6% size and 1/3 filling rate) based approach alone offers average retrieval precision as high as 94% on the first iteration. Comprehensive comparisons with peer systems reveal that our system yields the highest retrieval accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed approach can be easily incorporated into peer systems to achieve substantial improvement in retrieval accuracy for all feedback steps.
Brief announcement: ring-like DHTs and the postage stamp problem

We explore Chord-like ring structures for Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) and show that the Postage Stamp Problem (PSP) is equivalent to finding optimal structures for such ring topologies. We then describe a variant of the PSP that corresponds to ring-like DHTs that use greedy routing and develop an algorithm that smoothly trades off between the number of finger pointers and network diameter. We provide a dynamic programming solution to the number of nodes that can be supported as a function of the number of finger pointers and the network diameter and also note an interesting link to the Fibonacci sequence.
Analysis by capillary electrophoresis of the kinetics of charge ladder formation for bovine carbonic anhydrase.

A series of charge ladders of bovine carbonic anhydrase II were synthesized and the relative abundances of the rungs analyzed by capillary electrophoresis as a function of the quantity of acylating agent used. A simulation that models the kinetics of formation of the members of the charge ladders is described. The observed rate constants decreased as the extent of acylation increased. These rate constants correlated adequately with theoretical rate constants calculated using Debye-Huckel theory. The data are compatible with, but do not demand, a model for the formation of this charge ladder in which all unacetylated amino groups in each rung have indistinguishable reactivity and in which the reactivity of the amines in each rung decreases as the net charge on the protein increases; in this model, decreased reactivity is due to increased extent of protonation. This agreement between experiment and model suggests that the charge shielding that results from an ionic strength of 130 mM is not sufficient to suppress the influence of the increasingly negative charge of the protein with acetylation on the extent of protonation of Lys epsilon-NH2 groups.
Progress and needs in the genetics of stuttering

Abstract Although references to the familial aggregation of stuttering have appeared in the speech-language literature for over 50 years, only a handful of well-designed behavior genetic investigations of stuttering have been performed. In response to this puzzling lack of data, the present review has three principal objectives. The first is to provide a critical analysis of the most influential behavior genetic studies of stuttering completed between 1960 and the present, with particular emphasis on methodological caveats that limit their interpretation. Second, the means by which genetic and related neurophysiological studies can increase our understanding of the nature of stuttering are explored. Finally, suggestions for future research are presented that highlight the range and diversity of projects that can be included under the umbrella of genetic investigations. It is argued that scholars in the field of communication disorders must examine the priority that molecular and behavioral genetic investigations will receive in the future, since without a unified commitment to support such projects philosophically and financially, additional progress in this area will not be forth-coming.
Distributed Opportunistic Scheduling for Ad-Hoc Communications Under Delay Constraints

With the convergence of multimedia applications and wireless communications, there is an urgent need for developing new scheduling algorithms to support real-time traffic with stringent delay requirements. However, distributed scheduling under delay constraints is not well understood and remains an under-explored area. A main goal of this study is to take some steps in this direction and explore the distributed opportunistic scheduling (DOS) with delay constraints. Consider a network with $M$ links which contend for the channel using random access. Distributed scheduling in such a network requires joint channel probing and distributed scheduling. Using optimal stopping theory, we explore DOS for throughput maximization, under two different types of average delay constraints: 1) a network-wide constraint where the average delay should be no greater than $\alpha$; or 2) individual user constraints where the average delay per user should be no greater than $\alpha_m$, $m=1,\ldots,M$. Since the standard techniques for constrained optimal stopping problems are based on sample-path arguments and are not applicable here, we take a stochastic Lagrangian approach instead. We characterize the corresponding optimal scheduling policies accordingly, and show that they have a pure threshold structure, i.e. data transmission is scheduled if and only if the rate is above a threshold. Specifically, in the case with a network-wide delay constraint, somewhat surprisingly, there exists a sharp transition associated with a critical time constant, denoted by $\alpha^{*}$. If $\alpha$ is less than $\alpha^{*}$, the optimal rate threshold depends on $\alpha$; otherwise it does not depends on $\alpha$ at all, and the optimal policy is the same as that in the unconstrained case. In the case with individual user delay constraints, we cast the threshold selection problem across links as a non-cooperative game, and establish the existence of Nash equilibria. Again we observe a sharp transition associated with critical time constants $\{\alpha^*_m\}$, in the sense that when $\alpha_m \ge \alpha^*_m$ for all users, the Nash equilibrium becomes the same one as if there were no delay constraints.
A balancing act between the X chromosome and the autosomes

Dosage compensation equalizes gene dosage between males and females, but its role in balancing expression between the X chromosome and the autosomes may be far more important. Now, DNA microarrays have shown equality between the average expression of X-linked genes and that of autosomal genes, in male and female tissues of flies, worms and mice.
The awareness of doctoral-level professions among entering college students.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to survey entering college students' awareness of the profession of audiology, as well as to compare the students' awareness of audiology to their awareness of...
Affinity Purification of Specific Chromatin Segments from Chromosomal Loci in Yeast

Single-copy gene and promoter regions have been excised from yeast chromosomes and have been purified as chromatin by conventional and affinity methods. Promoter regions isolated in transcriptionally repressed and activated states maintain their characteristic chromatin structures. Gel filtration analysis establishes the uniformity of the transcriptionally activated state. Activator proteins interact in the manner anticipated from previous studies in vivo. This work opens the way to the direct study of specific gene regions of eukaryotic chromosomes in diverse functional and structural states.
Active mask segmentation for the cell-volume computation and Golgi-body segmentation of hela cell images

We present a novel active mask framework for the segmentation of fluorescence microscope images of cells, and in particular, for the segmentation of the Golgi body as well as cell- volume computation. We demonstrate that the algorithm is able to efficiently segment a stack of images and successfully assign multiple pieces of the Golgi body in a 2D image to the cell to which they belong. Further, we demonstrate that our algorithm is more accurate than manual segmentation of these images.
Approximate equivalence and approximate synchronization of metric transition systems

In this paper, we consider metric transition systems which are transition systems equipped with metrics for observation and synchronization labels. The existence of metrics leads to the introduction of two new concepts, (i) (epsi, delta)-approximate (bi)simulation of transition systems and (ii) approximate synchronization of transition systems. We show that the notion of (epsi, delta)-approximate (bi)simulation can be thought of as a generalization or relaxation of the earlier work on delta-approximate (bi)simulation by Girard and Pappas. We demonstrate the link between reachability verification and approximate (bi)simulation, and we also provide a characterization of (bi)simulation relations using a tool similar to the (bi)simulation function. Approximate synchronization can be thought of as a generalization of synchronization of transition systems in the usual sense. In fact, the usual synchronization and interleaving synchronization are two special cases of the notion of approximate synchronization developed in this paper. Furthermore, we present a result on the compositional properties of the approximate (bi)simulation with respect to the approximate synchronization
Least squares restoration of multichannel images

Multichannel restoration using both within- and between-channel deterministic information is considered. A multichannel image is a set of image planes that exhibit cross-plane similarity. Existing optimal restoration filters for single-plane images yield suboptimal results when applied to multichannel images, since between-channel information is not utilized. Multichannel least squares restoration filters are developed using the set theoretic and the constrained optimization approaches. A geometric interpretation of the estimates of both filters is given. Color images (three-channel imagery with red, green, and blue components) are considered. Constraints that capture the within- and between-channel properties of color images are developed. Issues associated with the computation of the two estimates are addressed. A spatially adaptive, multichannel least squares filter that utilizes local within- and between-channel image properties is proposed. Experiments using color images are described. >
Multiphysics simulations of cure residual stresses and springback in a thermoset resin using a viscoelastic model with cure-temperature-time superposition

Simulations of evolution of cure-induced stresses in a viscoelastic thermoset resin are presented. The phenomenology involves evolution of resin modulus with degree of cure and temperature, the development of stresses due to crosslink induced shrinkage, and the viscoelastic relaxation of these stresses. For the simulations, the detailed kinetic and chemo-thermo-rheological models for an epoxy-amine thermoset resin system, described in Eom et al. (Polym. Eng. Sci. 2000, 40, 1281) are employed. The implementation of this model into the simulation is facilitated by multiphysics simulation strategies. The trends in simulated cure-induced stresses obtained using the full-fledged viscoelastic model are compared with those obtained from two other equivalent material models, one involving a constant elastic modulus, and the other involving a cure-dependent (but time-invariant) elastic modulus. It is observed that the viscoelastic model not only results in lower estimates of cure-induced stresses, but also provides subtle details of the springback behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The role of the central nervous system in the generation and maintenance of chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia

Pain is a key component of most rheumatologic diseases. In fibromyalgia, the importance of central nervous system pain mechanisms (for example, loss of descending analgesic activity and central sensitization) is well documented. A few studies have also noted alterations in central pain processing in osteoarthritis, and some data, including the observation of widespread pain sensitivity, suggest that central pain-processing defects may alter the pain response in rheumatoid arthritis patients. When central pain is identified, different classes of analgesics (for example, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, α2δ ligands) may be more effective than drugs that treat peripheral or nociceptive pain (for example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids).
Chemical Reactivity and Synthesis at Cryogenic Temperatures

There have been many national and international scientific and technological gatherings in recent years in which the subject of discussion has centered around physical and chemical investigations at extremes of environment. Phenomena at extremely high pressures, at very high temperatures, and at cryogenic temperatures have all attracted the attention of many in the scientific community because of the dual significance of much of the work to both the fundamentalist, who is interested in understanding nature, and to the applied scientist, who is concerned with the useful aspects of the products and phenomena that may be produced.
Interfacial bonding, energy dissipation, and adhesion

Thin sheets of several elastomers have been adhered together by CC or SS interfacial bonds and peeled apart at various rates and temperatures. For CC bonding, values of the work G required per unit area to separate the sheets could be superposed to form a master curve versus peel rate using Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) temperature shift factors. Threshold values Go at low rates and high temperatures ranged from virtually zero for nonbonded sheets up to the tear strength of the sheet itself, 50-80 J/m2, for fully interlinked sheets, in proportion to the density of interfacial bonds. The strength thus appears to be the sum of two terms: Go and a viscoelastic loss function which itself is approximately proportional to Go. By comparing the dependence of G upon rate of peel with the dependence of dynamic shear modulus μ′ upon oscillation frequency, an effective length of the fracture zone was deduced. It was extremely small in all cases, only about 1 A. With sulfur interlinks, values of G were larger at all peel rates and varied more with temperature than predicted by the WLF relation. This is attributed to a concomitant decrease in SS bond strength with temperature, and an increase in energy dissipation as the weaker sulfur bonds fail. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Network Based Detection of Virtual Environments and Low Interaction Honeypots

To detect and deflect attempts at unauthorized use of information systems, network resources called honeypots are deployed. Honeypots are an efficient way to gather information and are being increasingly used for information security purposes. This paper focuses on the network level detection of honeypots by taking the feature set of the systems and also the network level activity into consideration. Earlier work in the area has been based on the system level detection. The results aim at bringing out the limitations in the current honeypot technology
Food and Water Intake of Broiler Chicks as Affected by Intracerebroventricular Injections of Cholinomimetics

Abstract The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of the cholinomimetics, acetylcholine, methacholine, and carbachol on food and water intake in free-feeding broiler chicks were investigated. At 4 weeks of age, a 23-gauge, thin-walled stainless steel guide cannula was implanted stereotaxically into the right lateral ventricle of each bird. Following a minimum of 3 days to recover, the birds were injected with the various drugs. Acetylcholine and methacholine had no significant effect on food intake whereas carbachol significantly decreased food intake. Methacholine significantly increased water intake while acetylcholine and carbachol had no significant effect. These results suggest that cholinergic pathways within the central nervous system may be involved in the control of food and water intake in the domestic fowl.
Added Benefits: The Link Between Work-Life Benefits and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Countering arguments that employee benefits are unrelated to both worker performance and perceived organizational support, I developed and estimated a model that links work-life benefits to organizational citizenship behavior directly, through obligations incurred as a result of social exchange, and indirectly, through enhanced perceptions of organizational support. Significant, positive relationships were found between workers' assessments of the usefulness of work-life benefits and three measures of organizational citizenship. Although perceived benefit usefulness contributed to perceived organizational support, perceived organizational support did not in turn foster organizational citizenship as measured in this study.
On the relationship between affect and cognition.

The relationship between affect and cognition was explored by means of an attitude instrument, the implicative meaning (IM) procedure. The instrument was developed as a measure of attitudinal cognition, but it bears considerable resemblance to other procedures that have been hypothesized to be indirect measures of attitudinal affect. Two samples of Ss (Ns of 75 and 84) and 12 attitude objects were studied. The correlations between IM scores and an independent measure of affect were low (sample means of .39 and .45). In terms of variance controlled, the majority of correlations controlled, at best, only 25% to 40% of the reliable common variance, indicating a lack of equivalence. These data support a conceptualization of attitude which distinguishes affect from cognition.
Impact of intravenous contrast enhancement phase on target definition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC): Observations from patients enrolled on a prospective phase 2 trial

Abstract Background The safety and efficacy of radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) depend on accurate definition of gross tumor volume (GTV), but GTV often varies between phases of multiphasic computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods We contoured GTVs on arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases of multiphasic CT scans for 32 patients treated on an institutional review board–approved prospective trial of proton therapy for primary liver tumors and determined which phase provided optimal GTV visualization. We assessed agreement between individual phase GTVs to determine if GTV for each phase was encompassed in a 5-mm expansion of either the smallest or the best-visualized GTV. Results There were 19 HCC lesions and 14 IHC lesions. HCC lesions were best identified on the arterial phase in 42% (n = 8), portal venous phase in 32% (n = 6), and delayed phase in 26% (n = 5). IHC lesions were best identified on portal venous phase in 64% (n = 9) and the arterial phase in 29% (n = 4), with 1 case equally visualized on arterial and portal venous phases. In all 33 lesions, a 5-mm expansion around the smallest GTV failed to cover GTVs defined on other available phases. A 5-mm expansion around the best-visualized GTV provided satisfactory coverage of all available phases' GTVs in 6/18 HCC cases and 2/9 IHC cases. Conclusions Variability between GTVs on multiphasic CT scans could not be overcome with a 5-mm expansion of either the smallest GTV or the best-visualized GTV. Assessment of all available intravenous contrast phases is essential to accurately define the GTV.
70 U.S. Veterans with Gender Identity Disturbances: A Descriptive Study

ABSTRACT This study describes the largest population of veterans referred for a gender identity disorder (GID) evaluation. Most were self-referred, others were referred by their commanding officer. A search of the English language literature revealed no similar studies on veterans other than a pilot project by the second author. Methods: Retrospective descriptive data were obtained from chart reviews of 70 U.S. veterans who were evaluated by the second author for gender disturbances over a 20-year period (1987 to 2007). The modal veteran with gender identity disturbance was a natal male (91%) identifying as female, >40 years old, Caucasian, employed, with more than 12 years of education. Fifty-seven percent were parents with a history of sexual involvement with opposite sex individuals. Histories of autogynephilia were not elicited in vets interviewed since 1997. Classic “flight into hypermasculinity” was described by a majority of the natal male vets as a retrospective understanding of why they joined th...