cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distracted Driver Performance to Multiple Alerts in a Multiple-Conflict Scenario:

Objective: We investigated whether collision avoidance systems (CASs) should present individual crash alerts in a multiple-conflict scenario or present only one alert in response to the first conflict. Background: Secondary alerts may startle, confuse, or interfere with drivers’ execution of an emergency maneuver. Method: Fifty-one participants followed a pickup truck around a test track. Once the participant was visually distracted, a trailing sedan repositioned itself into the participant’s blind spot while a box was dropped from the truck. Participants received a forward collision warning (FCW) alert as the box landed. Twenty-six drivers swerved left in response to the box, encountering a lateral conflict with the adjacent sedan. Half of these 26 drivers received a lane-change merge (LCM) alert. Results: Drivers who received both the FCW and LCM alerts were significantly faster at steering away from the lateral crash threat than the drivers who received only the FCW alert (1.70 s vs. 2.76 s, respectively). Drivers liked receiving the LCM alert, rated it to be useful, found it easy to understand (despite being presented after the FCW alert), and did not find it to be startling. Conclusion: Drivers who are familiar with CASs benefit from, and feel it is appropriate to generate, multiple alerts in a multiple-conflict scenario. Application: The results may inform the design of CASs for connected and automated vehicles.
Personal, Financial, and Structural Barriers to Immunization in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Urban Children

Objective. To evaluate personal, financial, and structural barriers to vaccination in socioeconomically disadvantaged urban children in the first 2 years of life. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. A large municipal teaching hospital in the Midwest. Participants. Healthy term newborns discharged to the care of their mothers. Mothers were interviewed 24 to 72 hours postpartum regarding personal and financial barriers, and 2 years later regarding personal, financial, and structural barriers to care. Main Outcome Measure. Vaccination status at age 2 years. Results. Of 399 children with documented vaccination status, 47% had not received all recommended vaccinations by 2 years of age. After adjusting for mother9s age, race, and education, mothers who were unmarried (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 2.90), multiparous (AOR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.52), not coresident with the child9s grandmother (AOR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.03), had not received adequate prenatal care (AOR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.84), or lived in poverty (AOR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.44, 4.75) were more likely to have undervaccinated children, as were mothers who perceived less satisfaction with their child9s health care (AOR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.61), less control over their lives (AOR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.94), or more benefit of medical care to prevent vaccine-related diseases (AOR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.48). Conclusions. Family environment, a mother9s history of prenatal care use, and financial barriers are important factors related to vaccination receipt among socioeconomically disadvantaged children at age 2 years. These factors, however, do not fully explain the variation in vaccination status.
State Decay and Civil War: A Discourse on Power in Sierra Leone:

Building upon the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, Alexis de Tocqueville and Michel Foucault, this article develops a concept of power that bridges the structure-agency, control-benefit and macro-micro divides in sociology. Using Sierra Leone as a case study, the article identifies three forms of power that are manifested in political, economic, and everyday life situations. It traces political and economic power to the struggles for control over the government and the economic exploitation of the state by the elite. It argues that the forms of political and economic power that emerged in Sierra Leone led to state decay, which created conditions for the civil war. Furthermore, it examines the micro manifestation of power by combatants and ordinary people during the civil war. The article contributes to the theoretical discourse on power in sociology by bringing in an African political experience, which is often missing in sociological theory.
Does Strategy Research Need Game Theory

Game theory has not been applied much to business strategy. I review some criticism of the game-theoretic approach which inhibits its application, and mention some others. The common criticism that game-theoretic models assume too much rationality is often wrong because (i) some games require little rationality to compute equilibria; and (ii) players may reach an equilibrium by communicating, adapting, or evolving to it rather than by calculating it. However, other criticisms can be forceful: Game theory is hard to use and test, it threatens to explain anything, it generates customized models of local settings rather than general regularities, and it offers only part of the advice a manager needs. Nonetheless, game theory could be a fruitful source of ideas and testable implications for strategy, requiring more fine-grained, longitudinal studies sensitive to interactions between structural variables.
Efficient Total Chemical Synthesis of 13C=18O Isotopomers of Human Insulin for Isotope‐Edited FTIR

Isotope-edited two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2 D FTIR) can potentially provide a unique probe of protein structure and dynamics. However, general methods for the site-specific incorporation of stable (13) C=(18) O labels into the polypeptide backbone of the protein molecule have not yet been established. Here we describe, as a prototype for the incorporation of specific arrays of isotope labels, the total chemical synthesis-via a key ester insulin intermediate-of 97 % enriched [(1-(13) C=(18) O)Phe(B24) ] human insulin: stable-isotope labeled at a single backbone amide carbonyl. The amino acid sequence as well as the positions of the disulfide bonds and the correctly folded structure were unambiguously confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of the synthetic protein molecule. In vitro assays of the isotope labeled [(1-(13) C=(18) O)Phe(B24) ] human insulin showed that it had full insulin receptor binding activity. Linear and 2 D IR spectra revealed a distinct red-shifted amide I carbonyl band peak at 1595 cm(-1) resulting from the (1-(13) C=(18) O)Phe(B24) backbone label. This work illustrates the utility of chemical synthesis to enable the application of advanced physical methods for the elucidation of the molecular basis of protein function.
Abstract WMP55: Vessel Wall Characteristics using High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Central Nervous System Vasculitis

Introduction: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis often have similar initial clinical presentation, laboratory findings and imaging feat...
Influence of pain-free dentistry and convenience of dental office on the choice of a dental practitioner: an experimental investigation.

Fear of dental pain or dental anxiety is not an uncommon phenomenon. Evidence supports dental patients' concern for dental pain. This study examines the influence of dental pain and convenience of ...
Proteasome Modulator 9 and Depression in Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND The chromosome 12q24 locus is linked to bipolar disorder, depression, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). PSMD9 lies in the 12q24 locus and is linked to MODY3, T2D, T2D-nephropathy, T2D-neuropathy, retinopathy, macrovascular pathology, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in Italian families. Interestingly, PSMD9 gene common variants contribute to the therapeutic response to anti-depressant treatment. Further, PSMD9 is implicated in a model of prediction to susceptibility to depression. AIMS Our goal was to determine whether PSMD9 is linked to depression in 200 T2D Italian families. METHODS We characterized the Italian families' members for presence and/or absence of depression using the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The phenotype was described as unknown in all cases in which the diagnosis was unclear or data were not available. We tested in the 200 Italians families for evidence of linkage of the PSMD9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IVS3+nt460 A > G, IVS3+nt437 T > C and E197G A > G with the depression phenotype. The non-parametric linkage analysis was performed by using the Merlin software. To rule out results due to random chance, 1000 replicates were executed. RESULTS The PSMD9 gene SNPs studied and/or any gene variants in linkage disequilibrium with them are linked to depression in our Italian families. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of PSMD9 linkage to depression. This finding highlights the pleiotropic effects of PSMD9.
Experiment of Introducing and planting Melilotoides ruthenicus(L.)CV′Zhili′ in Alpine cold Meadow

Melilotoides ruthenicus(L.)CV′Zhili′ was introduced and planted from the Inner mongolia to alpine cold weadow in Qinghai in 1995.The results indicated that the forage was able to endure drought and cold as well as the stems was stand up;the wintering rate was 94.1% or more,coarse protein was 18.85%;annual green yield was 118 000 kg/hm 2.As matter stand the forage was a kind of ideal Leguminous forage in planting artificial grassland and improving natural grassland.
Changes of Serum Levels of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Children with Congestive Heart Failure Complicated with Different Pathogeny and Its Relationship with Pulmonary Hypertension

Objective To explore the changes of serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) complicated with acute congestive heart failure(CHF) and pneumonia complicated with acute CHF and its relationship with pulmonary hypertension(PH).Methods The serum NT-proBNP concentrations were detected with competitive enzyme immunoassay(EIA) in 66 CHF children and 60 control children.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and fractional shorting(FS) were measured by doppler ultrasonography cardiogram in children with CHF.Pulmonary pressure was also estimated in children with CHD.Results 1.There was no statistic significance in the NT-proBNP concentration between the pneumonia complicated with CHF group and CHD complicated with CHF group(P0.05).There were statistic significances between the pneumonia complicated with CHF and pneumonia groups,CHD complicated with CHF and CHD groups respectively(Pa0.001).The NT-proBNP level in CHD group complicated with CHF with moderate to severe PH was also significantly higher than those in CHD group complicated with CHF without PH or with mild PH(Pa0.05).2.There was no statistic significance in the LVEF and FS level among the three CHF groups(Pa0.05).3.NT-proBNP concentrations in control groups of pneumonia and CHD were higher than those in normal control group,but there was no statistic significance(Pa0.05).Conclusions Serum NT-proBNP level is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of pneumonia complicated with CHF and CHD complicated with CHF. There is an increasing tendency of NT-proBNP level companied increasing pulmonary pressure.
Results of the First 1000 Radioreceptorassays for the Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: A New, Rapid, Reliable, and Sensitive Pregnancy Test *†

One thousand radioreceptorassays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the diagnosis of pregnancy were analyzed under eight categories. The high sensitivity (50 pg/ml) and specificity, coupled with performance time of the assay (1 hour), provided a new modality for the early diagnosis and management of normal and abnormal pregnancy in the first trimester. The radioreceptorassay becomes positive 1 week after conception. In the normal pregnancy this assay has been 100% correct at the time of the first missed menses. All ectopic pregnancies demonstrated positive tests, and no false negatives occurred. On the other hand, a negative assay excluded ectopic pregnancy.
Therapeutic inhibition of breast cancer bone metastasis progression and lung colonization: breaking the vicious cycle by targeting α5β1 integrin

At diagnosis, 10 % of breast cancer patients already have locally advanced or metastatic disease; moreover, metastasis eventually develops in at least 40 % of early breast cancer patients. Osteolytic bone colonization occurs in 80-85 % of metastatic breast cancer patients and is thought to be an early step in metastatic progression. Thus, breast cancer displays a strong preference for metastasis to bone, and most metastatic breast cancer patients will experience its complications. Our prior research has shown that the α5β1 integrin fibronectin receptor mediates both metastatic and angiogenic invasion. We invented a targeted peptide inhibitor of activated α5β1, Ac-PHSCN-NH2 (PHSCN), as a validated lead compound to impede both metastatic invasion and neovascularization. Systemic PHSCN monotherapy prevented disease progression for up to 14 months in Phase I clinical trial. Here, we report that the next-generation construct, Ac-PhScN-NH2 (PhScN), which contains D-isomers of histidine (h) and cysteine (c), is greater than 100,000-fold more potent than PHSCN at blocking basement membrane invasion. Moreover, PhScN is also up to 10,000-fold more potent than PHSCN at inhibiting lung extravasation and colonization in athymic mice for both MDA-MB-231 metastatic and SUM149PT inflammatory breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that systemic treatment with 50 mg/kg PhScN monotherapy reduces established intratibial MDA-MB-231 bone colony progression by 80 %. Thus, PhScN is a highly potent, well-tolerated inhibitor of both lung colonization and bone colony progression.
Production of Interferon in Human Cell Cultures by a New, Potent Viral Inducer

A newly discovered double-stranded RNA inducer of interferon, bluetongue virus (BTV), stimulates the production of large amounts of interferon in animals as well as in many types of mammalian cell cultures, including human leukocytes, and continuous cell lines. The exceptional pH lability of BTV and its lack of pathogenicity for man further recommend its use as an interferon inducer. Among several human cell lines tested, the most efficient producer of interferon was a continuous cell line designated HT-1376, derived from a bladder carcinoma. With infectious BTV as the inducer, the HT-1376 line produced more interferon per cell than did leukocytes; interferon yields ranged from 10,000 to 60,000 units per ml of crude, unconcentrated supernatant fluid. Noninfectious BTV, inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation, was as effective as infectious virions. The interferon produced in HT-1376 cells has physico-chemical and antigenic properties resembling those of fibroblast interferon produced in diploid cells.
The Theme of Genocide in Armenian Literature

The Genocide of 1915 marked an important juncture in the history of Armenian literature.2 Prior to the massacres reading matter was primarily written in the Armenian language, but with the dispersal and exile of the population after 1915 there was a shift in emphasis to diasporan literature.3 With the settlement of a large number of Armenians in the United States, the English language also became a vehicle for expression and it was only a matter of time before the Genocide became a primary theme in Armenian-American writing.
Skeletal muscle junctional membrane protein content in pigs with different ryanodine receptor genotypes

The content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase, transverse tubule dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), and SR ryanodine receptor (RyR) was determined in muscle of pigs homozygous for the normal RyR allele and homozygous or heterozygous for the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) RyR allele. Total muscle membranes isolated from 1-day-old pigs of the three different genotypes did not differ in the content of any of these proteins. However, at 28 days of age, crude membranes and total muscle homogenates from homozygous MHS pigs exhibited only 61-81% of the [3H]PN 200-110 or [3H]ryanodine binding of identical preparations isolated from normal pigs; these MHS membranes also contained only 50% of the normal content of each of the DHPR subunits. The crude membranes and muscle homogenates from heterozygous pigs were intermediate to both types of homozygotes in terms of [3H]PN 200-110 binding, [3H]ryanodine binding, and the content of the DHPR subunits. However, membrane preparations enriched in triadic junctional proteins isolated from 3- to 4-mo-old pigs of the three different genotypes did not differ in their [3H]PN 200-110 binding, [3H]ryanodine binding, or Ca(2+)-ATPase activities. We conclude that, although the stoichiometry of the RyR to DHPR is not altered, the presence of the MHS RyR allele during muscle development results in a decreased relative content of these two proteins. This is probably due to a lower junctional membrane content and may be an important ultrastructural consequence of the altered sarcoplasmic Ca2+ regulation in MHS muscle.
Sustained Hypoxia Elicits Competing Spinal Mechanisms of Phrenic Motor Facilitation.

Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) induces phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF), a form of spinal motor plasticity. Competing mechanisms give rise to phrenic motor facilitation (pMF; a general term including pLTF) depending on the severity of hypoxia within episodes. In contrast, moderate acute sustained hypoxia (mASH) does not elicit pMF. By varying the severity of ASH and targeting competing mechanisms of pMF, we sought to illustrate why moderate AIH (mAIH) elicits pMF but mASH does not. Although mAIH elicits serotonin-dependent pLTF, mASH does not; thus, mAIH-induced pLTF is pattern sensitive. In contrast, severe AIH (sAIH) elicits pLTF through adenosine-dependent mechanisms, likely from greater extracellular adenosine accumulation. Because serotonin- and adenosine-dependent pMF interact via cross talk inhibition, we hypothesized that pMF is obscured because the competing mechanisms of pMF are balanced and offsetting during mASH. Here, we demonstrate the following: (1) blocking spinal A2A receptors with MSX-3 reveals mASH-induced pMF; and (2) sASH elicits A2A-dependent pMF. In anesthetized rats pretreated with intrathecal A2A receptor antagonist injections before mASH (PaO2 = 40–54 mmHg) or sASH (PaO2 = 25–36 mmHg), (1) mASH induced a serotonin-dependent pMF and (2) sASH induced an adenosine-dependent pMF, which was enhanced by spinal serotonin receptor inhibition. Thus, competing adenosine- and serotonin-dependent mechanisms contribute differentially to pMF depending on the pattern/severity of hypoxia. Understanding interactions between these mechanisms has clinical relevance as we develop therapies to treat severe neuromuscular disorders that compromise somatic motor behaviors, including breathing. Moreover, these results demonstrate how competing mechanisms of plasticity can give rise to pattern sensitivity in pLTF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Intermittent hypoxia elicits pattern-sensitive spinal plasticity and improves motor function after spinal injury or during neuromuscular disease. Specific mechanisms of pattern sensitivity in this form of plasticity are unknown. We provide evidence that competing mechanisms of phrenic motor facilitation mediated by adenosine 2A and serotonin 2 receptors are differentially expressed, depending on the pattern/severity of hypoxia. Understanding how these distinct mechanisms interact during hypoxic exposures differing in severity and duration will help explain interesting properties of plasticity, such as pattern sensitivity, and may help optimize therapies to restore motor function in patients with neuromuscular disorders that compromise movement.
The Commentary on the Book of Revelation by James Durham (1622–58)

In the seventeenth century the Church in Scotland was for the most part engaged in working out an ecclesiastical polity acceptable to itself and to the civil authorities. Hence matters of Church government and of Church/state relations occupied much of the attention of leading theologians such as Samuel Rutherford (1600–61) and George Gillespie (1613–49). Yet there were others who, while deeply involved in the conflicts within the life of the Church, also devoted their attention to the study of the Scriptures and to contemporary theological debates. Prominent among them, on the Episcopal side, was John Forbes (1593–1648) of Corse, the leading member of that group of distinguished scholars know as the ‘Aberdeen Doctors’. Forbes was internationally celebrated for his Institutiones Historico-Theologicae de Doctrina Christiana, published in Holland in 1645. On the Presbyterian side, James Durham (1622–58) was at the same time beginning to make a name for himself as an outstanding exponent of the Scottish Calvinist ethic and would undoubtedly have gone on to enhance a rapidly growing reputation had not his life been cut short by death at the early age of 36. Of his works which were subsequently published his extensive commentary on the Book of Revelation isjustly one of the most important. Between 1658 and 1799 it went through no fewer than seven editions, one of which was printed in Amsterdam in 1660.
Electronic properties of monolayer tungsten disulfide grown by chemical vapor deposition

We demonstrate chemical vapor deposition of large monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) (>200 μm). Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy provide insight into the structural and strain heterogeneity of the flakes. We observe exciton quenching at grain boundaries that originate from the nucleation site at the center of the WS2 flakes. Temperature variable transport measurements of top-gated WS2 transistors show an apparent metal-to-insulator transition. Variable range and thermally activated hopping mechanisms can explain the carrier transport in the insulating phase at low and intermediate temperatures. The devices exhibit room-temperature field-effect electron mobility as high as 48 cm2/V.s. The mobility increases with decreasing temperature and begins to saturate at below 100 °K, possibly due to Coulomb scattering or defects.
Drosophila Genotype Influences Commensal Bacterial Levels

Host genotype can influence the composition of the commensal bacterial community in some organisms. Composition, however, is only one parameter describing a microbial community. Here, we test whether a second parameter—abundance of bacteria—is a heritable trait by quantifying the presence of four commensal bacterial strains within 36 gnotobiotic inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that D. melanogaster genotype exerts a significant effect on microbial levels within the fly. When introduced as monocultures into axenic flies, three of the four bacterial strains were reliably detected within the fly. The amounts of these different strains are strongly correlated, suggesting that the host regulates commensal bacteria through general, not bacteria-specific, means. While the correlation does not appear to be driven by simple variation in overall gut dimensions, a genetic association study suggests that variation in commensal bacterial load may largely be attributed to physical aspects of host cell growth and development.
Concepts of Progeny Test Analysis

Forest tree breeders establish progeny tests primarily to predict breeding values of parents based on the performance of their offspring. The breeder then ranks parents according to their predicted breeding values (or some function of their predicted breeding values) to make selections. Progeny tests are generally replicated over a number of years and planting locations with the objective of sampling a wide range of environmental conditions. Because of large numbers of parents being evaluated, economic incentives to establish tests quickly, differential survival, etc. there is often a great deal of unbalance across all progeny tests in forest tree breeding programs. For example, all families are not always planted in the same year or location, and some families may be represented at only a few sites (Hatcher et al. 1981, Cotterill et al. 1983). This can make the goal of accurately and precisely ranking parents quite complex as data from a large number of progeny tests with diverse characteristics must be combined into one value representing the relative genetic worth of the parent. It is common in forestry to calculate a family mean of all offspring of a particular parent in a given test, and then somehow average those means across all tests in which the parent is represented. Different approaches to calculating the average, and different transformations of the data are sometimes utilized to deal with the problems associated with ’messy’ progeny test data.
Pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus induces cardiac hypertrophy in the murine embryo through cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.

Background Cardiac hypertrophy is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence has implied that pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their children are at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous mouse model study revealed that maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus induces structural heart defects in their offspring. Objective This study aims to determine whether maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus induces embryonic heart hypertrophy in a murine model of diabetic embryopathy. Study Design The type 2 diabetes mellitus embryopathy model was established by feeding 4-week-old female C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet for 15 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy in embryos at embryonic day 17.5 was characterized by measuring heart size and thickness of the right and left ventricle walls and the interventricular septum, as well as the expression of β-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin-like growth factor-1, desmin, and adrenomedullin. Cardiac remodeling was determined by collagen synthesis and fibronectin synthesis. Fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining and determining the expression of connective tissue growth factor, osteopontin, and galectin-3 genes. Cell apoptosis also was measured in the developing heart. Results The thicknesses of the left ventricle walls and the interventricular septum of embryonic hearts exposed to maternal diabetes were significantly thicker than those in the nondiabetic group. Maternal diabetes significantly increased β-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin-like growth factor-1, and desmin expression, but decreased expression of adrenomedullin. Moreover, collagen synthesis was significantly elevated, whereas fibronectin synthesis was suppressed, in embryonic hearts from diabetic dams, suggesting that cardiac remodeling is a contributing factor to cardiac hypertrophy. The cardiac fibrosis marker, galectin-3, was induced by maternal diabetes. Furthermore, maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus activated the proapoptotic c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 stress signaling and triggered cell apoptosis by increasing the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick end labeling–positive cells (10.4 ± 2.2% of the type 2 diabetes mellitus group vs 3.8 ± 0.7% of the nondiabetic group, P Conclusion Maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus induces cardiac hypertrophy in embryonic hearts. Adverse cardiac remodeling, including elevated collagen synthesis, suppressed fibronectin synthesis, profibrosis, and apoptosis, is implicated as the etiology of cardiac hypertrophy.
Neonatal expression of RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 regulates the human fetal-adult megakaryocyte transition

Hematopoietic transitions that accompany fetal development, such as erythroid globin chain switching, play important roles in normal physiology and disease development. In the megakaryocyte lineage, human fetal progenitors do not execute the adult morphogenesis program of enlargement, polyploidization, and proplatelet formation. Although these defects decline with gestational stage, they remain sufficiently severe at birth to predispose newborns to thrombocytopenia. These defects may also contribute to inferior platelet recovery after cord blood stem cell transplantation and may underlie inefficient platelet production by megakaryocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells. In this study, comparison of neonatal versus adult human progenitors has identified a blockade in the specialized positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) activation mechanism that is known to drive adult megakaryocyte morphogenesis. This blockade resulted from neonatal-specific expression of an oncofetal RNA-binding protein, IGF2BP3, which prevented the destabilization of the nuclear RNA 7SK, a process normally associated with adult megakaryocytic P-TEFb activation. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 sufficed to confer both phenotypic and molecular features of adult-type cells on neonatal megakaryocytes. Pharmacologic inhibition of IGF2BP3 expression via bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibition also elicited adult features in neonatal megakaryocytes. These results identify IGF2BP3 as a human ontogenic master switch that restricts megakaryocyte development by modulating a lineage-specific P-TEFb activation mechanism, revealing potential strategies toward enhancing platelet production.
Multivariate model to identify women at low risk of cancer upgrade after a core needle biopsy diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia.

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) identified on percutaneous breast biopsy represents a high-risk lesion, upgrading to cancer with surgical excision in ~7–45.8% of cases. Routine excision is questioned due to potential overtreatment and cost. This study evaluates clinical, imaging, and histologic features to predict the risk of upgrade. With IRB approval, a single-institution retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent surgical excision of ADH diagnosed by core biopsy from June 2005 to June 2013. We reviewed electronic medical records, breast imaging, and biopsy slides. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Association of various features with cancer upgrade was assessed using logistic regression. Among 399 cases, the upgrade rate to cancer was 16.0%, (95% CI: 12.8–20.0%), with nine invasive cancers and 55 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) only. Via a logistic regression approach, we defined a subgroup with low risk for upgrade: women whose biopsies showed no individual cell necrosis, and either a) 1 focus of ADH with ≥50% removal, or b) 2–3 foci with ≥90% removal. Cases meeting these criteria had an upgrade rate of 4.9% (95% CI: 1.0–8.9%), compared to 21.4% (16.4–26.3%) in cases that did not meet this low-risk definition. ADH on core biopsy with low risk of upgrade to cancer is defined by lack of individual cell necrosis, number of foci of ADH, and percent of imaging lesion removed. If these findings are validated, women whose biopsies meet low-risk criteria might be considered for prevention therapy and surveillance without surgical excision.
Robotic radical perineal cystectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy: initial investigation using a purpose-built single-port robotic system

Objectives To assess the feasibility of perineal radical cystoprostatectomy using the latest generation purpose-built single-port robotic surgical system. Materials and methods In two male cadavers, the da Vinci SP1098 Surgical System was used to perform radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. New features in this model include enhanced high-definition three-dimensional optics, improved instrument maneuverability, and a real-time instrument tracking and guideance system. The surgery was accomplished through a 3-cm perineal incision via a novel robotic single-port system, which accomodates three double-jointed articulating robotic instruments, an articulating camera, and an accessory laparoscopic instrument. The primary outcomes were technical feasibility, intraoperative complications, and total robotic operative time. Results The cases were completed successfully without conversion. There were no accidental punctures or lacerations. The robotic operative times were 197 and 202 minutes. Conclusions In this preclinical model, robotic radical perineal cystoprostatectomy and extended pelvic lympadenectomy was feasible using the SP1098 robotic platform. Further investigation is needed to assess the feasibility of urinary diversion using this novel approach and new technology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts (1953–56)

After completing architectural studies in the United States in 1952, Muzharul Islam returned home to Pakistan to find the country embroiled in acrimonious politics of national identity. The young architect began his design career in the midst of bitterly divided notions of national origin and destiny, and his architectural work reflected this political debate. In Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam9s Faculty of Fine Arts (1953–56) , Adnan Morshed argues that Islam9s Faculty of Fine Arts at Shahbagh, Dhaka, embodied his need to articulate a national identity based on the secular humanist ethos of Bengal, rather than on an Islamic religious foundation. With this iconoclastic building, Islam sought to achieve two distinctive goals: to introduce the aesthetic tenets of modern architecture to East Pakistan and to reject all references to colonial-era Indo-Saracenic architecture. The Faculty9s modernism hinges on Islam9s dual commitment to a secular Bengali character and universal humanity.
Livestock plagues in late antiquity, with a disassembling of the bovine panzootic of A.D. 376-386

The history of late-antique animal plagues requires a fresh start. Over the last 30 years, scholars have amassed copious quantities of written and material evidence for major shifts in the natural world experienced, or reported, as disasters in late antiquity. They have read textual passages more critically and interwoven written with physical data more meticulously than researchers before them. As a result, much more is known now about human plagues, climatic downturns and tectonic perturbations in the Late Roman period. Yet knowledge of late-antique livestock disease remains pretty much where animal health specialists left it in the 18th and 19th c. There are, to be sure, histories of late-antique animal plagues, but they are long out of date, unreliable and altogether of poor quality.
Heights on Abelian Varieties

Neron at the Edinburgh International Congress had conjectured that the (logarithmic) height on an abelian variety differed from a quadratic function by a bounded function. He proved this in [Ne 3], as well as proving an analogous statement for local components for the height. Tate showed that a direct argument applied to the global height could be used, by-passing the local considerations. We shall give Tate’s argument in this chapter, as well as a few consequences.
Post-Bond Test Wrappers and Emerging Test Standards

Throughout this book, methods and architectures have been discussed for performing pre-bond and post-bond test in 3D SICs. Many of these methods, such as those discussed in Chaps. 4 and 5, were designed to be compatible with emerging test standards. This chapter will explore the emerging standards with regard to stacked dies and test interfaces and their associated test implications. Section 7.2 examines a die test wrapper, based on the IEEE 1500 and IEEE 1149.1 [20, 102] test standards, that is currently being developed by the IEEE P1838 workgroup [103]. Section 7.3 provides an overview of the JEDEC JESD-229 [104] standard developed for memory-on-logic stacks and how the test wrapper described in Sect. 7.2 can be extended for testing a stack that utilizes the JEDEC framework.
Endoprosthesis Features: Analyses of deformations in long bones (such as the femur or humerus) due to insertion of implants into their intramedullary cavities

Publisher Summary Orthopaedics constitutes an art rather than a science. This chapter illustrates the structural analysis of bone elements that is confined to a single analysis of a tubular bone subjected to internal mechanical actions. Geometrical structure of bones is as complex as are their mechanical and biological properties. The tissue resembles an intricate lattice-work in the sense that it consists of a solid skeleton perforated by innumerable cavities. These are permeated by various fluids and gel-like substances. A living bone might be approximately considered to constitute a porous two-phase solid-fluid material. The complexity of the structure is augmented by the fact that because of a considerable variation of its porosity, the bone is a highly non-homogeneous material. It is in all likelihood governed by non-linear constitutive relations with regard to the solid and the liquid phase, so that the application of the linear Hooke's law to the solid phase and of Newton's law to the fluid phase must be understood as gross simplifications. Such assumptions still remain irresistible because of the alleviation of the mathematical difficulties associated with more refined models.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation and Heart Rate Variability: Analysis of STAR Trial Responders

ObjectiveHypoglossal nerve stimulation represents a novel therapy for the treatment of moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea; nonetheless, its cardiovascular effects are not known. We examine the...
He said, she said: Talker-specific influences on memory for spoken language

Memory for spoken language is not a veridical representation of experience. Instead, memory reflects integration across our interlocutors’ messages, resulting in robust memory for meaning with relatively poor memory for specific form. Here we test the hypothesis that talker identity influences how spoken language is integrated in memory. Listeners completed encoding and recognition phases. During encoding, listeners heard sentences that contained constituents of four-part semantic units (i.e., “idea sets”). During recognition, listeners heard novel sentences that contained constituents of each idea set in addition to full idea sets and four-part sentences formed by combining constituents across idea sets (i.e., “noncases”). Across experiments, talker was manipulated in terms of (1) the match between encoding and recognition and (2) the number of talkers during encoding. The results to date replicate evidence of integration during encoding; when talker is held constant, listeners show more false memories a...
A Novel Method for Topological Embedding of Time-Series Data

In this paper, we propose a novel method for embedding one-dimensional, periodic time-series data into higher-dimensional topological spaces to support robust recovery of signal features via topological data analysis under noisy sampling conditions. Our method can be considered an extension of the popular time delay embedding method to a larger class of linear operators. To provide evidence for the viability of this method, we analyze the simple case of sinusoidal data in three steps. First, we discuss some of the drawbacks of the time delay embedding framework in the context of periodic, sinusoidal data. Next, we show analytically that using the Hilbert transform as an alternative embedding function for sinusoidal data overcomes these drawbacks. Finally, we provide empirical evidence of the viability of the Hilbert transform as an embedding function when the parameters of the sinusoidal data vary over time.
Historicidad, Metapoética y Factores del Lenguaje en la Poesía de Ernesto Cardenal

La conciencia historica de Cardenal contempla en su poesia los factores constitutivos del proceso de comunicacion y las funciones del lenguaje de distintos registros culturales en la historia de America (quipus, piedras labradas, codices, cronicas, periodicos y radio). Esta poesia indaga por el quehacer del escritor y se preocupa por el efecto pragmatico en el receptor de los discursos de poder a lo largo de la historia. Cardenal realiza asimismo una revision poetica-historiografica de autores y registros historicos. Divulga acontecimientos importantes y denuncia los discursos que manipulan mediante el uso tergiversado del lenguaje. Este procedimiento de indagacion historica y analisis de las particularidades del lenguaje conduce al poeta a la reflexion metapoetica, es decir, la consideracion de la funcion del poeta y la poesia en la sociedad.
Rewriting toward trace coverage analysis of symmetric systems

Verification coverage is an important metric in any hardware verification effort. Coverage models are proposed as a set of events the hardware may exhibit, intended to be possible under a test scenario. At the system level, these events each correspond to a visited state or taken transition in a transition system that represents the underlying hardware. A more sophisticated approach is to check that tests exercise specific sequences of events, corresponding to traces through the transition system. However, such trace-based coverage models are inherently expensive to consider in practice, as the number of traces is exponential in trace length. We present a novel framework that combines the approaches of conservative abstraction with rewriting to construct a concise trace-based coverage model of a class of parameterized symmetric systems. First, we leverage both symmetry and rewriting to construct abstractions that can be tailored by users’ defined rewriting. Then, under this abstraction, a coverage model for a larger system can be generated from traces for a smaller system. This coverage model is of tractable size, is tractable to generate and can be used to identify coverage holes in large systems. Our experiments on the cache-coherence protocol implementation from the multi-billion transistors IBM POWER $$^{\mathrm{TM}}$$ Processor demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of this approach.
Reconsidering Collective Efficacy: The Roles of Perceptions of Community and Strong Social Ties

Collective efficacy is an often–studied concept, yet theoretical differences and confusing terminology lead to an inability to translate the concept across disciplines. Utilizing a nationally repre...
Bond length of perchlorate at different temperatures: X-ray and neutron comparison.

The averages (average deviations from the mean are given in square brackets) of uncorrected Cl-O bond distances in a perchlorate anion from an X-ray diffraction analysis of (N-{2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl}pyridine-2-carboxamidato)(nitric oxide)manganese perchlorate acetonitrile disolvate, [Mn(C20H20N5O)(NO)]ClO4·2CH3CN or [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)]ClO4·2CH3CN, decrease from 1.447 [4] A at 10 K to 1.428 [4] A at 170 K. The 10 K value is close to the neutron value (1.441 [1] A) at 18 K. Comparisons are made with a second X-ray study at 30 K [1.444 (8) A] and to libration-corrected, density functional theory (DFT), and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) values.
Nutrition Education in the Anthropocene: Toward Public and Planetary Health

Nutrition education has traditionally focused primarily on food and nutrition knowledge, motivations, and skills that facilitate behavior change. This essay argues that while this content remains an essential foundation for nutrition education, is it no longer sufficient. In the Anthropocene—the current distinct geological period during which human activity is the dominant influence on climate and the environment—the goal of nutrition framework is twofold: public health and planetary health. This approach requires that competencies in food systems, agriculture, and policy be included in the education and training of food and nutrition education practitioners and researchers. Academics need to ensure that such competencies are addressed in course content. Advocates need to be vigilant to ensure that sustainability, food systems, and community aspects related to nutrition and diet are incorporated into policy. The relevance of nutrition education will depend upon the degree to which this shift is successful. See the press release for this article.
Discharge Disposition Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Predicting the Need for Rehabilitation and Association with Survival.

ABSTRACT Many hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients require rehabilitation due to deconditioning following intensive conditioning regimens and immune reconstitution. HCT recipients are preferentially discharged to home to avoid the risk of exposure to healthcare-associated infection in a rehabilitation facility (RF), with a caregiver who has been provided specific education about the complexity of post-HCT care. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of discharge to an RF following HCT, identify pre-HCT and peri-HCT risk factors for discharge to an RF, and estimate the effect of discharge disposition on overall survival (OS). This retrospective, matched 1:4 case-control study included 56 cases over a 10-year period from a single institution. Controls were matched by transplantation type (autologous versus allogeneic) and date of transplantation. The incidence of discharge to an RF was 2.2%. Controlling for disease, increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.15; P
The Impact of Increasing Sun Protection Counseling and Skin Cancer Screening.

Background Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Skin cancer is a broad term that includes squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Melanoma is the most concerning of the three types of skin cancer and is the focus of this project. The projected number of individuals impacted by a new diagnosis of melanoma in 2020 is a staggering 100,350 coupled with an estimated 6,850 patients dying from melanoma each year. In Wisconsin, it is estimated there will be 2,190 new cases of melanoma, and 150 deaths in 2020. Expanding patient's knowledge about the risk and benefits of skin cancer screenings, techniques, and characteristics will enhance understanding of the significance of skin cancer. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess current skin cancer knowledge and raise awareness by providing education regarding skin cancer risks and statistics among manufacturing employees in Wisconsin. Methods A quality improvement procedure took place as employees of a Midwestern global manufacturer were educated about self-skin screens, skin cancer risks, and the importance of sun protective behaviors. Pre- and post-education surveys were distributed and obtained. Results A total of 16 individuals participated in the study, and the results were clinically significant. Providing education about skin cancer risks and sun protection behaviors improved employee's knowledge base by 50%. Conclusions Although individuals identified skin cancer as an area of high concern, few reported knowing how to prevent skin cancer and the risks for skin cancer before being provided the related education. Therefore, it is evident, even with this small group that simple skin cancer counseling offers great benefit in helping increase knowledge among those educated about skin cancer risk factors and sun protective behaviors.
The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Modeling and Understanding the Spread of COVID-19

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of spatially-explicit models have been developed to better explain the pathways of the disease, to predict the trajectory of the disease, and to test the effect of different health guidelines and policies on the number of cases and deaths. The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Modeling and Understanding the Spread of COVID-19 workshop (COVID'2020) featured research efforts that aim to understand the spatial processes and patterns of COVID-19 spread using a variety of spatial modeling, simulation, and mining approaches. The goal of this workshop was to bring together a range of interdisciplinary researchers in the SIGSPATIAL community in the fields of computer science, spatial modeling, social sciences, and epidemiology. Also, this workshop was advertised for anyone interested in infectious disease data and modelling, including but not limited to COVID-19.