cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of identity by descent using next-generation whole genome sequencing data

Identity by descent (IBD) has played a fundamental role in the discovery of genetic loci underlying human diseases. Both pedigree-based and population-based linkage analyses rely on estimating recent IBD, and evidence of ancient IBD can be used to detect population structure in genetic association studies. Various methods for detecting IBD, including those implemented in the software programs fastIBD and GERMLINE, have been developed in the past several years using population genotype data from microarray platforms. Now, next-generation DNA sequencing data is becoming increasingly available, enabling the comprehensive analysis of genomes, including identifying rare variants. These sequencing data may provide an opportunity to detect IBD with higher resolution than previously possible, potentially enabling the detection of disease causing loci that were previously undetectable with sparser genetic data. Here, we investigate how different levels of variant coverage in sequencing and microarray genotype data influences the resolution at which IBD can be detected. This includes microarray genotype data from the WTCCC study, denser genotype data from the HapMap Project, low coverage sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project, and deep coverage complete genome data from our own projects. With high power (78%), we can detect segments of length 0.4 cM or larger using fastIBD and GERMLINE in sequencing data. This compares to similar power to detect segments of length 1.0 cM or higher with microarray genotype data. We find that GERMLINE has slightly higher power than fastIBD for detecting IBD segments using sequencing data, but also has a much higher false positive rate. We further quantify the effect of variant density, conditional on genetic map length, on the power to resolve IBD segments. These investigations into IBD resolution may help guide the design of future next generation sequencing studies that utilize IBD, including family-based association studies, association studies in admixed populations, and homozygosity mapping studies.
Comparative analysis of excreta from twenty cockroach species

Abstract 1. 1. The excreta from twenty species of cockroaches have been examined for the presence of uric acid by several methods of analysis. 2. 2. Uric acid is voided by only three of these species (Shawella couloniana, Symploce hospes and Parcoblatta spp.) all belonging to the subfamily Blattellinae. 3. 3. Each of these species voids uric acid in formed pellets which are separate from the fecal wastes, and which contain a high percentage of uric acid. 4. 4. Blattella germanica, which belongs to the same subfamily, eliminates small amounts of uric acid, but the mechanism appears to be entirely different. 5. 5. The fat body of fourteen species was shown to contain uric acid stores. 6. 6. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of phytogeny, species biology, pellet formation and functioning of the malpighian tubules.
A network service curve approach for the stochastic analysis of networks

The stochastic network calculus is an evolving new methodology for backlog and delay analysis of networks that can account for statistical multiplexing gain. This paper advances the stochastic network calculus by deriving a network service curve, which expresses the service given to a flow by the network as a whole in terms of a probabilistic bound. The presented network service curve permits the calculation of statistical end-to-end delay and backlog bounds for broad classes of arrival and service distributions. The benefits of the derived service curve are illustrated for the exponentially bounded burstiness (EBB) traffic model. It is shown that end-to-end performance measures computed with a network service curve are bounded by O(Hlog H), where H is the number of nodes traversed by a flow. Using currently available techniques that compute end-to-end bounds by adding single node results, the corresponding performance measures are bounded by O(H3).
Unusual lysosomes in hamster hepatocytes

Abstract Residual bodies (lysosomes) in hepatocytes of the Syrian golden hamster possess a relatively large electron-lucent lipid inclusion. In males on normal chow the lipid inclusions are large enough, in periportal hepatocytes, to be visible by light microscopy when frozen sections are stained by Oil red O. Thus, the pericanalicular arrangement of the lysosomes may be revealed either by Oil red O staining or by incubation for acid phosphatase activity. Demonstrable acid phosphatase activity is restricted to the area surrounding the lipid inclusion and, usually, to a region at one pole of the lysosome that contains electron-opaque materials characteristic of residual bodies generally. Feeding either female or male hamsters cholesterol-supplemented chow results in a dramatic increase in the number of lipid-containing lysosomes visible by light microscopy. Chemical determinations demonstrate a rapid and sustained rise in liver cholesterol levels, and the presence of cholesterol in lysosomes is shown by electron microscopy of tissue fixed with digitonin-containing aldehydes. Polarizing microscopy reveals the pericanalicular arrangement of anisotropic lipid. Electron microscopic images suggest that the lipid inclusion forms in GERL or neighboring ER. Discontinuing the cholesterol diet leads to a gradual disappearance of the electron-lucent lipid; residual bodies now resemble lipofuscin granules. It is suggested that hamster liver may serve as a model for the study of inherited disorders of lipid metabolism such as Wolman's disease and cholesteryl ester storage diseases, and other diseases in which lysosomes are filled with electron-lucent lipid.
Ubiquitous presence of chromogranin A in the inner ear of guinea pig

Chromogranin A (CGA), which is supposed to be responsible for the calcium storage of secretory vesicles and is also considered to be a marker protein of neurons and endocrine cells, has been found in a variety of organs and tissues. In the present study, soluble proteins from the organ of Corti, saccule, crista, utricle, tectorial membrane, stria vascularis, and the spiral ligament from the inner ear of guinea pig were extracted, and probed with both polyclonal and monoclonal CGA antibodies to determine the presence of CGA. A 75 kDa protein reactve to both antibodies was found in the organ of Corti, saccule, crista, utricle, stria vascularis, and the spiral ligament, suggesting the widespread presence of CGA in the inner ear.
An assessment of 1,4,6-trimethylnaphthalene as a sprout suppressant for stored potato tubers

1,4,6-trimethylnaphthalene (1,4,6-TMN) proved to be an effective potato sprout suppressant in bioassays based on both excised cultured shoot-tips and intact tubers. Trials were done using 500 kg of tubers stored in storage cabinets with internal air circulations and renewal characteristics similar to commercial stores. The compound, supplied at up to 30 mg/kg tubers as a liquid fog, controlled sprout growth for three months at 10°C. Analysis of residue levels in tuber peel at the end of the storage period showed values of up to 6 ppm and demonstrated even distribution of the compound. Subsequent treatments with 11 mg/kg tubers at weeks 14 and 26, enabled the useful storage life to be extended to 30 weeks with good control of sprout growth. Comparison of 1,4,6-TMN with commercial suppressants under identical storage conditions showed that 1,4,6-TMN was at least as effective as chlorpropham (CIPC) and Tecnazene (TCNB) over a 16-week period at 10°C.
Impact behaviour and damage tolerance of woven carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

Abstract Instrumented drop weight impact and compression after impact test methods were used to assess the impact performance and damage tolerance of firm-stacked, woven carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK and woven carbon fibre-reinforced PPS composite systems. The tests were performed at three energy levels with a constant velocity, and at three velocity levels with a constant energy. Extreme energy of the levels were also determined. While the effect of the impact velocity was found to be significant within the range of the velocities used, the impact energy significantly affected the impact performance of the panels. Carbon fibre PPS panels evinced a high resistance to perforation by way of extensive delamination. On the other hand, carbon fibre PEEK panels showed an ability to confine the damage zone and hence, to markedly increase the damage tolerance of the panels. A set of material selection criteria for impact applications, based on the results of this study, has bee proposed
The vBow: development of a virtual violin bow haptic human-computer interface

This paper describes the development of a virtual violin bow haptic human-computer interface, which senses bow position with encoders, to drive bowed-string physical model synthesis, while engaging servomotors, to simulate the haptic feedback of a violin bow on a string. Construction of the hardware and programming of the software are discussed, as well as the motivation for building the instrument, and its planned uses.
Flavor of Reheated Roast Duck

Abstract A triangular taste panel test on precooked and freshly roasted duck indicated that precooking, refrigerated storage, and reheating had an undesirable effect on the flavor of roast duck. Results of the thiobarbituric acid test suggested that injection of ducks with alpha-tocopherol or combinations of citric acid, polyphosphates, propyl gallate, and butylated hydroxyanisole prior to cooking offered some protection against oxidation during cooking, storage, and reheating. Samples treated with citric acid alone were not significantly different from untreated precooked samples. Protective effects of antioxidant injection that were indicated by thiobarbituric acid tests were not confirmed by hedonic taste panel evaluations of flavor, off flavor and overall quality. The panel was only able to detect deterioration of reheated samples compared to the freshly cooked control.
Dynamical Influence of Microphysics in Tropical Squall Lines: A Numerical Study

Abstract Based on environmental conditions of the 22 and 23 June squall lines during the Convection Profonde Tropicale in 1981 (COPT81) experiment in West Africa, a series of numerical simulations are performed with a two-dimensional nonhydrostatic cloud model to examine the dynamical effect of microphysics in tropical squall lines. The role of ice-phase microphysics strongly depends on ambient conditions. For the environment of strong convective instability, the ice phase is important regarding the system-scale structure but is not important to the convective-scale dynamics. On the other hand, the ice influence is crucial to the squall-line convective system if the environment has a weak convective instability and is almost saturated at low levels.
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cd binding onto bacterial consortia

In this study, we use extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measurements to examine the atomic environment of Cd bound onto two experimental bacterial consortia: one grown from river water, and one grown from a manufacturing gas plant site. The experiments were conducted as a function of pH and demonstrate that the complex mixtures of bacteria, containing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, yield relatively simple EXAFS spectra, a result which indicates that only a limited number of functional group types contribute to Cd binding for each bacterial consortium. The EXAFS spectra indicate that the average Cd binding environment in the river water consortium varies significantly with pH, but the manufacturing gas plant consortium exhibits a Cd binding environment that remains relatively constant over the pH range examined. The EXAFS data for the river water consortium were modeled using carboxyl, phosphoryl and sulfhydryl sites. However, only carboxyl and phosphoryl sites were required to model the manufacturing gas plant consortium data under similar experimental conditions. This is the first EXAFS study to identify and quantify the relative importance of metal binding sites in bacterial consortia. Although our results indicate differences in the binding environments of the two consortia, the data suggest that there are broad similarities in the binding environments present on a wide range of bacterial cell walls.
Lateral femoral condyle fracture after endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

A case is described in which a coronal plane fracture of the lateral femoral condyle propagated through the femoral tunnel 2 months after endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Iris biometric authentication based on local global graphs: An FPGA implementation

In this work, we present a Local-Global (LG) graph methodology for iris based biometric authentication. Local-Global (LG) graph method adds local part information into a global graph. Local graphs of the pre-processed iris images are first calculated by feature extraction and combined to form a Global graph that is stored in a database for the purpose of authentication. The Global graph of the presented test image is compared with the Global graph of the stored reference image and based on a distance metric, the authenticity of the subject is established.
Effect of Soil — Structure Interaction on Seismic Isolated Bridges

The role of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the response of seismically isolated bridges is studied. A generic bilinear hysteretic model is utilized to model the isolation system. The behavior of the pier is assumed to be linear and the foundation system is modeled with frequency-dependent springs and dashpots. Two bridge systems were considered, one representative of short stiff highway overpass systems and another representative of tall flexible multispan highway bridges. Nonlinear time history analyses were employed with two sets of seismic motions; one containing 20 far-field accelerograms and one with 20 near-fault accelerograms. The results from these comprehensive numerical analyses show that soil–structure interaction causes higher isolation system drifts as well as, in many cases, higher pier shears when compared to the fixed-pier bridges (no SSI).
Spatiotemporal patterns during CO oxidation on Pt(100) at elevated pressures

() CO oxidation on Pt 100 was inestigated at reactant pressures of 8 Pa using ellip- somicroscopy for surface imaging to monitor spatiotemporal pattern formation on the catalyst surface and mass spectroscopy to monitor the integral reaction rate. Three dis- tinct temperature regions showing nonlinear phenomena were found. The first region, at 540 ) 615 K, is characterized by macroscopic, regular reaction-rate oscillations with spa- tially uniform, instantaneous transitions between CO and oxygen coered states. Regu- () lar, periodic oscillations were not obsered on Pt 100 before. The second region, 480 ) 540 K, exhibited continuous dynamic pattern formation with noisible macro- scopic kinetic oscillations. Front speeds measured indicated a decrease in oxygen front ¤elocity and an increase in CO frontelocity with an increasing COrO partial pressure 2 ratio. The third region, 390 ) 430 K, is characterized by macroscopic rate oscillations, which continued for seeral oscillation periods and then ceased with the onset of pattern formation.
The impact of instruction-level parallelism on multiprocessor performance and simulation methodology

Current microprocessors exploit high levels of instruction-level parallelism (ILP) through techniques such as multiple issue, dynamic scheduling, and non-blocking reads. This paper presents the first detailed analysis of the impact of such processors on shared-memory multiprocessors using a detailed execution-driven simulator. Using this analysis, we also examine the validity of common direct-execution simulation techniques that employ previous-generation processor models to approximate ILP-based multiprocessors. We find that ILP techniques substantially reduce CPU time in multiprocessors, but are less effective in reducing memory stall time. Consequently, despite the presence of inherent latency-tolerating techniques in ILP processors, memory stall time becomes a larger component of execution time and parallel efficiencies are generally poorer in ILP-based multiprocessors than in previous-generation multiprocessors. Examining the validity of direct-execution simulators with previous-generation processor models, we find that, with appropriate approximations, such simulators can reasonably characterize the behavior of applications with poor overlap of read misses. However, they can be highly inaccurate for applications with high overlap of read misses. For our applications, the errors in execution time with these simulators range from 26% to 192% for the most commonly used model, and from -8% to 73% for the most accurate model.
Response to Letters 6 and 7 by Professor J.R. Watt [signal solutions to Maxwell's equations]

Discusses two letters by Wait concerning signal solutions to the Maxwell equations: Wait (1993, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Comp., vol.35, no.4, p.486-8) and Wait (1993, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Comp., vol.34, no.4, p.491-2). >
Synchronous learning versus asynchronous learning in artificial neural networks

Conditions of configuring feedforward neural networks without local minima are analyzed for both synchronous and asynchronous learning rules. Based on the analysis, a learning algorithm that integrates a synchronous-asynchronous learning rule with a dynamic configuration rule to train feedforward neural networks is presented. The theoretic analysis and numerical simulation reveal that the proposed learning algorithm substantially reduces the likelihood of local minimum solutions in supervised learning. >
In the Beginning: The Navajo Genesis

In the Beginning: The Navajo Genesis. JEROLO LEVY. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. ix +265 pp., tables, appendix, references, index.
Use of extended systematic sampling in patients with a prior negative prostate needle biopsy.

Purpose: We examine the potential impact of extended systematic biopsy schemes in patients with a prior negative prostate biopsy.Materials and Methods: Between January 1999 and March 2001, 185 patients with a prior negative prostate needle biopsy underwent repeat biopsy. Systematic 10 core biopsies (sextant, lateral mid gland and lateral base) were performed in all patients. A subset of 111 patients underwent 6 additional biopsies directed anteriorly. All biopsy results were reviewed by a single pathologist. The overall and unique cancer detection rates were calculated for each biopsy site. McNemar’s test was then used to compare the yield of various simulated biopsy schemes to define the optimal biopsy regimen.Results: Overall, 67 of 185 patients (36%) were found to have cancer on repeat biopsy. The highest detection rate was found for the apex, lateral base and lateral mid sites. The mid lobar base site consistently yielded the lowest detection rate. These results were mirrored in the unique cancer dete...
Hepatic Granulomas: A Review With Emphasis on Infectious Causes.

Context.— Many diseases that cause granulomas or granulomatous inflammation involve the liver. Some of these disease processes are intrinsic hepatic diseases, whereas others are disseminated system...
A denoising approach to multichannel signal estimation

Multichannel sensor array processing has received considerable attention in many important areas of signal processing. Almost all data recorded by multisensor instruments contain various amounts of noise, and much work has been done in developing optimal processing structures for estimating the signal source from the noisy multichannel observations. The techniques developed so far assume the signal and noise processes are at least wide-sense-stationary so that optimal linear estimation can be achieved with a set of linear, time-invariant filters. Unfortunately, nonstationary signals arise in many important applications and there is no efficient structure with which to optimally deal with them. While wavelets have proven to be useful tools in dealing with certain nonstationary signals, the way in which wavelets are to be used in the multichannel setting is still an open question. Based on the structure for optimal linear estimation of nonstationary multichannel data and statistical models of spatial signal coherence, we propose a method to obtain an efficient multichannel estimator based on the wavelet transform.
Mind the gap: tightening the mass-richness relation with magnitude gaps

We investigate the potential to improve optical tracers of cluster mass by exploiting measurements of the magnitude gap, m12, defined as the difference between the r-band absolute magnitude of the two brightest cluster members. We find that in a mock sample of galaxy groups and clusters constructed from the Bolshoi simulation, the scatter about the mass-richness relation decreases by 15-20% when magnitude gap information is included. A similar trend is evident in a volume-limited, spectroscopic sample of galaxy groups observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that SDSS groups with small magnitude gaps are richer than large-gap groups at fixed values of the one-dimensional velocity dispersion among group members sigma_v, which we use as a mass proxy. We demonstrate explicitly that m12 contains information about cluster mass that supplements the information provided by group richness and the luminosity of the brightest cluster galaxy, L_bcg. In so doing, we show that the luminosities of the members of a group with richness N are inconsistent with the distribution of luminosities that results from N random draws from the global galaxy luminosity function. As the cosmological constraining power of galaxy clusters is limited by the precision in cluster mass determination, our findings suggest a new way to improve the cosmological constraints derived from galaxy clusters.
'Free the spectrum!' Activist encounters with old and new media technology

This article contextualizes discourses surrounding new media technologies by examining activism around community media, using as a case study an activist group which has advocated for greater citizen access to low-power FM (LPFM) radio since the mid-1990s. It argues that the significance of new and emerging communication technologies can be grasped most effectively when emerging technologies are considered in a dynamic field that includes older technologies; emerging technologies are viewed often through the lens of patterns of use and interpretation of older technologies, at least initially. The article follows the activists' assessments of not only FM radio but emerging internet-based technologies, including webstreaming and wi-fi networks. In practice, the activists circumspectly negotiate expanding their efforts to encompass community wi-fi networks, while trying to retain the vision, flavor and organizing strategies from their LPFM campaigns.
Indie Lawyering: A New Model for Solo and Small Firm Practice

Indie lawyering is a new style of lawyering that uses technology to connect the individual practitioner with individual clients and collaboratively solve legal problems in a community-centered way.
Assessment of Near-Surface Soil Carbon Content Across Several U.S. Cropland Watersheds

The Cropland Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) was initiated in the USA to provide a scientific basis for assessing effectiveness of conservation practices on water and soil quality. In 2006, sampling was initiated within a number of USDA-ARS experimental watersheds to measure and assess management impacts on near-surface (0–5 cm) soil quality indicators. Here, we focus on soil organic carbon (SOC) content because of its influence on key soil quality indicators. The sampling schemes for each of the 12 locations (<1,500 samples) in the states of Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma and Texas, were designed to address individual objectives. We used the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) to score the measured data so that climate and inherent soil properties would be taken into account. The SOC-SMAF scoring algorithms uses a more-is-better model reflecting SOC concentrations associated with high productivity and minimal environmental impact. Interactions include soil type, climate, and management practices such as tillage and crop rotation, which influence SOC content at each sampling site. Measured SOC contents ranged from 3.0 to 21.7 g kg−1 and SMAF-SOC scores ranged from 0.09 to 1.00, where 1.00 is an optimum level of SOC with regard to most soil functions. This assessment showed that SOC evaluations need to be soil- and site-specific because many factors, including environmental influences and inherent soil characteristics, influence SOC levels.
A decision making construct for complex situations

The uncertainty inherently associated with complexity challenges decision-making processes, indicating a need for a construct for decision making in complex situations. A review of the literature on systems, complexity, and paradigms indicates that such a construct must be internally consistent with well-defined philosophical foundations and further that systems and complexity (as used in complex situations) are not necessarily internally consistent with traditional philosophical foundations. Therefore, a decision making construct for complex situations requires research into different foundations. This research addresses these gaps, deriving axiological and methodological components based on a set of principles consistent with the ontology and epistemology of Sousa-Poza and Correa-Martinez (2005). The combination of these four philosophical components is asserted to establish a Complex Situations Paradigm providing a foundational perspective for complexity and systems. The characteristics of this research require particular attention to the appropriate research methodology. Canons for research are typically based on philosophical foundations of rationalism or empiricism; hence this research derives a set of generalized canons based on a specific definition of knowledge, which must be instantiated as specific research canons for a given philosophical foundation. The methodology for this research must be consistent with said canons and the associated definition of knowledge. The product of the research is an internally consistent philosophical foundation for complex situations based on a research methodology using instantiated generalized canons, and an application of the associated methodology to derive a decision making construct. The contributions to the literature are the maturation of underlying theory for complex situations and the generalized research canons. The contribution to theory is the internally consistent philosophical foundation for complex situations, the Complex Situations Paradigm, and the associated discussion of canons. Finally, the contribution to practice is the decision making construct itself, applying the elements of the paradigm to frame action at diverse levels in complex situations. Areas for further research include the derivation of methods based on the CSP methodology; applications of the underlying constructs to facilitate understanding of complexity through a method designated forensic complexity, and exploration of CSP principles to explore ramifications of cognitive aspects.
Vitamin Retention in Eight Fruits and Vegetables: A Comparison of Refrigerated and Frozen Storage

Four vitamins were analyzed in several fruit and vegetable commodities to evaluate the differences between fresh and frozen produce. Ascorbic acid, riboflavin, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene were evaluated in corn, carrots, broccoli, spinach, peas, green beans, strawberries, and blueberries. Samples of each commodity were harvested, processed, and analyzed for nutrient content at three storage times per treatment. Ascorbic acid showed no significant difference for five of the eight commodities and was higher in frozen samples than fresh for the remaining three commodities. Apart from broccoli and peas, which were higher and lower in frozen vs fresh samples, respectively, none of the commodities showed significant differences with respect to riboflavin content. Three commodities had higher levels of α-tocopherol in the frozen samples, while the remaining commodities showed no significant difference between fresh and frozen. β-Carotene was not found in significant amounts in blueberries, strawberries, and corn. Peas, carrots, and spinach were lower in β-carotene in the frozen samples, while green beans and spinach showed no significant difference between the two storage methods. Overall, the vitamin content of the frozen commodities was comparable to and occasionally higher than that of their fresh counterparts. β-Carotene, however, was found to decrease drastically in some commodities.
DEPRESSION PREDICTS ALL-CAUSE 2-YEAR MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HEART FAILURE

Depression is associated with worse clinical outcome in patients with heart failure (HF), but few studies have evaluated its effect in HF patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated this question among a cohort of hospitalized patients with systolic HF (AF-HF) who were followed
Sealed tube test techniques for hermetic enamel evaluation

The work carried out indicates that the level of moisture sealed into a tube directly affects the rate of formation of decomposition products, such as Refrigerant 22.
Investigation of AIDS among Female Sex Workers in A District of Shiyan City during 2009-2010

[Objective] To understand the population distribution of female sex workers in a district of Shiyan City,the status of HIV infection and AIDS prevention knowledge awareness,and provide the scientific basis for the development of outreach intervention measures. [Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among female sex workers in a district;ELISA was used for detection of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. [Results]The total 800 female sex workers aged 16~43 years old in the district,young adults aged 21~35 years accounted for 61.45%,most sex workers had education background of secondary school(43.73%)and primary school(25.64%).Unmarried accounted for 89.26%;Female entertainment attendants accounted for 91.45%.89.21% were migrant population.217 cases of sexually transmitted diseases were detected,accounting for 27.13%,among which 43 had gonorrhea,7 had syphilis,64 had genital warts,39 had non-gonococcal urethritis(cervicitis),16 had genital herpes,no one was infected HIV/AIDS.457 persons used condoms in the last sex services,accounting for 57.13%;649 used condoms frequently,accounting for 81.13%;153 used condoms occasionally,accounting for 18.87%. [Conclusion]The female sex workers in the district of Shiyan City are dominated by migrant young adults with low education level who have high risks of sexually transmitted infections,and also the potential factors for the spread of AIDS.It suggested that health education should be strengthened for this population,as well as regular detection and behavioral interventions.
Abstract POSTER-BIOL-1348: No association between PARK2 and BRCA1-associated gynecologic cancers

Abstracts: 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; September 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA Purpose of study: We sought to identify genomic modifiers of gynecologic cancer penetrance in BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers. In a pilot study using the Illumina 610K Quad chip to perform a whole genome analysis of 592,532 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), we found significant SNP genotype differences in the PARK2 gene between BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers who developed gynecologic cancer (cases) compared to those who did not (controls). These SNPS created a haplotype structure that was present at four-times higher frequency in cases than controls (37% vs. 9%, p=0.0009). We hypothesized that PARK2, which has been shown to be mutated in other cancers and to have a tumor suppressive function, plays a role in the biology of BRCA1-associated gynecologic cancer development. Experimental Procedures: To validate a PARK2 risk haplotype in an independent dataset, we isolated germline DNA from 85 BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers and used TaqMan SNP Genotyping to genotype seven SNPs in PARK2. To determine whether a correlation exits between the PARK2 risk haplotype and PARK2 expression levels in tissue, we quantified PARK2 expression in normal ovaries and ovarian cancer tissue using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). To determine the rate of PARK2 mutations in 17 BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers, we used a touchdown PCR protocol to amplify and sequence each PARK2 exon. To identify exon deletions and duplications in the PARK2 gene, we utilized the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique. Summary of Data: In an independent dataset of 85 BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers, we found the PARK2 risk haplotype to be present in 35 (17%) of cases. The risk haplotype was present in a higher proportion of cancer cases than benign controls (6/12 or 50% vs. 29/73 or 8%), but this was not significant (p=0.54). We did not find a difference in PARK2 ovarian tissue expression levels in patients with and without the PARK2 risk haplotype. We sequenced the PARK2 gene and performed MPLA analysis from tumor DNA of 17 ovarian cancers from BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers, but did not identify any deleterious PARK2 mutations or exon deletions and duplications. Conclusions: We did not validate a PARK2 risk haplotype as a modifier of gynecologic cancer penetrance in BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers. We did not find evidence for PARK2 inactivation in BRCA1-associated gynecologic tumors. Citation Format: Christine Walsh, Hoorig Nassanian, Hasmik Agadjanian, Carl Miller, Sandra Orsulic, Beth Karlan. No association between PARK2 and BRCA1-associated gynecologic cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-BIOL-1348.
Programming with the KIBO Robotics Kit in Preschool Classrooms

ABSTRACTKIBO is a developmentally appropriate robotics kit for young children that is programmed using interlocking wooden blocks; no screens or keyboards are required. This study describes a pilot KIBO robotics curriculum at an urban public preschool in Rhode Island and presents data collected on children's knowledge of foundational programming concepts after completing the curriculum. The curriculum was designed to integrate music, literacy, and design with engineering and robotics. Children (N = 64) from seven preschool classrooms, ranging in age from 3 to 5, participated in the study. Findings indicated that children as young as age 3 could create syntactically correct programs for the KIBO robot, although older preschoolers (closer to age 5) performed better than younger preschoolers on a standardized programming task. Additionally, all students generally performed better on the programming tasks that required them to manipulate less programming instructions. Implications for designing developmentall...
Gênero e representação

A intersecao entre a representacao como uma pratica "geral" e de genero como um sistema "definido " e uma tarefa dificil. A natureza desta dificuldade e mais evidente na questao da relacao das mulheres na representacao. Se a representacao e, por definicao convencional, um processo de criacao de coisas que estao diante de algo mais, as mulheres devem ser iguais aos homens na medida em que todos os seres humanos estariam sujeitos as mesmas regras do processo de representacao. Mas a experiencia comum conta uma historia diferente: nao sao apenas as mulheres muitas vezes impedidas de ocupar posicoes ativas para criar como os homens o fazem (como artistas, escritores, compositores, promotores de reformas sociais, candidaturas politicas, e assim por diante), mas nos atos de representacao dos homens as mulheres sao muitas vezes usadas como simbolos de significados que os homens querem transmitir - deusas e femme fatales sendo dois exemplos extremos.
Does Small Size Matter With Continuous Flow Devices?: Analysis of the INTERMACS Database of Adults With BSA ≤1.5 m2

Abstract Objectives This study investigated how small patient size affects clinical outcomes in patients implanted with a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CFLVAD). Background The development of smaller CFLVADs has allowed ventricular assist device (VAD) use in anatomically smaller patients; however, limited outcome data exist regarding CFLVAD use in patients with a body surface area (BSA) ≤1.5 m2. Methods All CFLVAD patients entered in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support registry April 2008 to September 2013 and with BSA data were included. Biventricular VAD patients were excluded. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with BSA ≤1.5 m2 (small patients) and those >1.5 m2. Results Of 10,813 CFLVAD recipients, 231 had a BSA ≤1.5 m2. Small patients were more commonly female patients (68% vs. 20%; p 0.05), overall survival (p > 0.05), and 1-year competing outcomes (p > 0.05) were similar between BSA groups. Conclusions Patients with a BSA ≤1.5 m2 supported with a CFLVAD have similar survival to larger patients. These data support the use of CFLVAD in anatomically small patients.
Curbing the epidemic of fatal opioid abuse

To the Editor:The current epidemic of opioid overdose, misuse, and addiction in the United States is a significant cause of socioeconomic and public health concern (Centre for Disease, Control and ...
Results and Interpretations

Having determined all components of the background, the observed data are compared to the background estimation. Figures 6.1, 6.1, 6.3 show the observed distributions of the ET γ , lepton pT (pT l ), ETmiss, MT, HT, and the number of jets (Njet) in the eγ and μγ channels, together with the stacked background estimations. Two benchmark signal event distributions, one each from the TChiWg and T5Wg models, are also shown in the figures. The TChiWg point is for \(m_{\widetilde{\chi }} = 300\,\text{GeV}\), which has the nominal cross section of 0.146 pb, and the T5Wg point is for \(m_{\tilde{\mathrm{g}}} = 1000\,\text{GeV}\) and \(m_{\widetilde{\chi }} = 425\,\text{GeV}\), which has the nominal cross section of 0.0122 pb. In the figures and the remainder of this section, the displayed uncertainties are a combination of the systematic and statistical uncertainties, added in quadrature. Details on the determination of the systematic uncertainties are given in Sect. 6.3.
A hands-on cross-platform mobile programming approach to teaching OOP concepts and design patterns

This study explores the learning outcomes of utilizing a hands-on cross-platform mobile programming approach for introducing two important software engineering topics, namely, object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and design patterns. This approach presents an innovative teaching methodology that aims to help addressing unique needs and expectations of Millennials and their prospective employers with regards to software engineering education. To conduct this project, a widely adopted cross-platform mobile application development framework in the industry called Codename One (CN1) is used. This paper first presents an extensive review of literature relevant to the use of mobile programming in computer science curricula. Then, based on experience on using CN1 as a novel teaching tool, insights are provided as to why CN1 is a suitable framework for teaching OOP concepts and design patterns, and how CN1 can be utilized to effectively teach these topics using hands-on learning techniques. Recommendations for the educators who would like to adapt CN1 as a teaching tool are also provided. Reflecting Millennials' intrinsic tendency to explore emerging mobile platforms, the learning outcomes of this study show that this programming approach increases Millennials' interest towards these software engineering concepts and improves student success. In addition, feedback from students suggests that this approach provides a competitive advantage to Millennials in the job market, which increasingly demands mobile application development skills.
n-Type Doping of Visible-Light-Absorbing (GaN)1–x(ZnO)x with Aliovalent Sn/Si Substitutions

(GaN)1–x(ZnO)x (GZNO) is a visible-light absorber of interest for solar-driven water splitting. Here, n-type doping of the GZNO solid solution by cation substitution with group IV elements Sn and Si is reported for the first time, which was achieved by nitriding ZnGa-layered double hydroxides with SnO2 or SiO2 colloids. Characterization of Si-(15 at. %, metals basis) and Sn-(3 and 4 at. %) doped analogues of GZNO revealed the formation of solid solutions, which crystallize into a wurtzite-type structure. The local structure of the Sn dopants was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy which was confirmed to be a Sn(IV) center in a 4-coordinated tetrahedral environment. Structural and spectroscopic analyses were suggestive that Si and Sn are both shallow donors in GZNO. Thus, doping of GZNO with group IV elements provides a potential handle to tune the carrier transport properties of GZNO for photoelectrochemical devices.
Capsule physics comparison of National Ignition Facility implosion designs using plastic, high density carbon, and beryllium ablators

Indirect drive implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [E. I. Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)] have now tested three different ablator materials: glow discharge polymer plastic, high density carbon, and beryllium. How do these different ablators compare in current and proposed implosion experiments on NIF? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of each? This paper compares these different ablator options in capsule-only simulations of current NIF experiments and potential future designs. The simulations compare the impact of the capsule fill tube, support tent, and interface surface roughness for each case, as well as all perturbations in combination. According to the simulations, each ablator is impacted by the various perturbation sources differently, and each material poses unique challenges in the pursuit of ignition on NIF.
MC3T3 infiltration and proliferation in bovine trabecular scaffold regulated by dynamic flow bioreactor and augmented by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.

Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used in both basic research and clinical settings for its therapeutic potential in promoting tissue healing. Clinical data has shown that LIPUS can accelerate fresh fracture healing. However, the treatment for aging osteoporosis and non-union is still unclear. In addition, the mechanism of ultrasound promoted bone healing has remained unknown. Objective It is proposed that noninvasive ultrasound treatment can enhance local fluid flow within the tissue to initiate remodeling and regeneration. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dynamic ultrasound in promoting cellular mechanotransduction within bioengineered organic scaffolds to trigger osteogenesis and mineralization. Methods The experiment was designed in two-fold: to evaluate the role of LIPUS on osteoblastic-like (MC3T3) cell proliferation and mineralization in response to acoustic waves, using biomechanical rate-dependent signals in a bioreactor; and, to evaluate the new scaffold experimentation techniques, in order to generate a potential implantable biomaterial for orthopedic tissue regeneration and repair. Results LIPUS treatment on MC3T3 cells yielded enhanced cellular mineralization (**p < 0.001) in 3-D scaffolding, but reduced the total cell numbers (*p < 0.05), using Alizarin Red staining and cell counting analyses, respectively, in comparison to the control. Conclusion This study suggests that LIPUS, if applied at proper frequency and duty cycle, can promote cell mineralization within the 3-D organic scaffold under in vitro setting. The translational component of this experiment seeks to draw a parallel to the potential pre-treatment of scaffolds for implantation before orthopedic surgery, which could prove to greatly benefit the patient in accelerating fracture healing and tissue regeneration. The Translational Potential of this Article LIPUS stimulation was critical in contributing to the mechanical signaling transductions that activated bone enhancement parameters in MC3T3 cells regulated by bioreactor, and thus has potential to change how we pretreat scaffolds for orthopedic surgery and noninvasively accelerate healing in the future, e.g., in an extreme condition such as long-term space mission.
Sexual and Reproductive Strategies Among Serbian Gypsies

This paper deals with a full range of sexual and reproductive behaviors among different “tribes” of Gypsies in Serbia. The examined traits include rates of fertility, mortality, age distribution, education, crime rates, and parental care. In addition, Gypsy traditions of culturally prescribed sexual behavior are also studied. It is found that Gypsy tribes employ different reproductive strategies, ranging from an extreme, for humans, “r” (reproductive) strategy to a more typical “K” (parental) strategy. The reasons bringing about these differences come from the Gypsies' readiness to adjust their behavior and reproduction in order to create the most favorable strategy in a given environment. This paper elucidates and contrasts the more typical r-selected Gypsies with a group of K-selected Gypsies living in a Serbian village.
Population Viability Analysis

Population viability analysis (PVA) refers to the set of ideas, theoretical models, and conceptual and computational tools ecologists use to understand extinction risk and to forecast future scenarios of population growth and decline. PVA focuses on four phenomena that affect extinction risk of small populations: demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, Allee effects, and inbreeding depression. PVAs fall into two categories. Analytical models are idealized mathematical models of population dynamics and are used to understand general principles of extinction risk. Computational models are more complex and are used to perform risk assessment for endangered populations. The cost of this complexity is relinquishing intuitive understanding of the drivers of population fluctuations. Simple examples of each class of models are illustrated with data on grizzly bear population fluctuations in Yellowstone National Park. Advances in PVA methodology have been rapid and continued progress promises to improve population management for threatened and endangered populations.
“La Migra” in the Classroom: Transfronterizx Students Exploring Mobility in Transnational Higher Education on the US-Mexico Border

Based on an ethnographic study of a pre-engineering freshman course at a large university on the US-Mexico border, I explore how 4 Latinx undergraduate students, 2 of whom crossed the border on a d...
Improving the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form documentation process in an outpatient oncology clinic.

299Background: Advance care planning is an important aspect of providing high quality care to oncology patients. ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) recognizes the importance of advanc...
Impacts of Calcium Silicate Slag on the Availability of Silicon and Trace Contaminants in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Calcium silicate slag from the phosphorus fertilizer industry has the potential to be used as a liming agent or for silicon (Si) fertilization in rice production, but it contains trace elem...