cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial controllability and multiple actuator placement for dissipative partial differential equation systems

This manuscript considers the problem of actuator placement for transport-reaction processes, which are mathematically modelled by linear parabolic partial differential equations. The novelty of the proposed optimization scheme is that it considers the controllability of specific modes while at the same time minimizes the spillover effects due to intermediate range modes. Using modal decomposition for space discretization, along with the notions of spatial and modal controllabilities, the semi-infinite optimization problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem in appropriate L/sub 2/ spaces. To address the problem of actuator clusterization, a modification to earlier efforts is introduced, which takes the form of an additional constraint in the location optimization. The formulated optimization problem is subsequently solved using standard search algorithms. The proposed method is successfully applied to a representative process, modelled by a one-dimensional parabolic PDE, where the optimal location of multiple actuators is computed.
On “Safe patient handling perceptions and practices…” Olkowski BF, Stolfi AM. Phys Ther. 2014;94:682–695.

Overall, the study by Olkowski and Stolfi1 was very interesting, and it proposes future ways of managing safe patient handling (SPH) devices for patients in physical therapist practices. The survey does provide subjective perceptions on SPH equipment and practices. However, future studies should look objectively at SPH equipment and how it is used, such as the rate of occurrence …
Calculation of the free energy and a model for vacancy creation in ar crystals using the Monte-Carlo method

Abstract Numerical methods for the calculation of the free energy and vacancy concentration in a crystalline solid, using a particular model for the creation of vacancies, are described in the paper. An algorithm simulating the creation of vacancies in an Ar crystal on the basic of a Monte-Carlo method is presented and the results of the model calculation given.
How much do nanoparticle fillers improve the modulus and strength of polymer foams

Nanofiller reinforcing agents can significantly improve the strength and modulus of polymer foams. But these improvements are often accompanied by changes in foam density (or equivalently the expan...
Using multielement isotopic analysis to decipher drought impacts and adaptive management in ancient agricultural systems

It has recently been proposed that drought events over the last several millennia affected agricultural systems and triggered the development of irrigation technologies in ancient Near East settlements. This conclusion is supported by carbon isotope (δ13C) measurements presented in a detailed study by Riehl et al. (1), who analyze barley grains from 33 archaeological sites, spanning 8,000–2,500 y ago, alongside data from 13 contemporary locations. The study connects plant physiological responses with paleoclimate data to gain valuable insight into early agricultural practices. Although we agree with the authors’ conclusion that drought stress was an issue in many ancient agricultural settlements, we wish to note that other factors could have contributed to the observed differences along with climatic effects on δ13C signals.
Mutations in β-Spectrin Disrupt Axon Outgrowth and Sarcomere Structure

β-Spectrin is a major component of the membrane skeleton, a structure found at the plasma membrane of most animal cells. β-Spectrin and the membrane skeleton have been proposed to stabilize cell membranes, generate cell polarity, or localize specific membrane proteins. We demonstrate that the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of β-spectrin is encoded by the unc-70 gene. unc-70 null mutants develop slowly, and the adults are paralyzed and dumpy. However, the membrane integrity is not impaired in unc-70 animals, nor is cell polarity affected. Thus, β-spectrin is not essential for general membrane integrity or for cell polarity. However, β-spectrin is required for a subset of processes at cell membranes. In neurons, the loss of β-spectrin leads to abnormal axon outgrowth. In muscles, a loss of β-spectrin leads to disorganization of the myofilament lattice, discontinuities in the dense bodies, and a reduction or loss of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These defects are consistent with β-spectrin function in anchoring proteins at cell membranes.
Mindfulness, Psychological Flexibility, and Counseling Self-Efficacy Hindering Self-Focused Attention as a Mediator

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which counselor trainees’ mindfulness and psychological flexibility are positively associated with counseling self-efficacy. First, it was hypothesized that having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention (i.e., counselor trainees’ awareness of their own anxiety and distracting thoughts in sessions) would mediate the association between mindfulness and counseling self-efficacy. Second, it was hypothesized that having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention would mediate the association between psychological flexibility and counseling self-efficacy. Participants included 154 graduate counselor trainees. Results supported our hypotheses that counselor trainees with greater mindfulness reported having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention, which in turn was positively associated with counseling self-efficacy. Similarly, those with greater psychological flexibility also reported having fewer experiences of hin...
Analysis of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in cosmetics.

There have been rapid increases in consumer products containing nanomaterials, raising concerns over the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) to humankind and the environment, but little information has been published about mineral filters in commercial sunscreens. It is urgent to develop methods to characterize the nanomaterials in products. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs in unmodified commercial sunscreens were characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that laser scanning confocal microscopy evaluated primary particle aggregates and dispersions but could not size NPs because of the diffraction limited resolution of optical microscopy (200 nm). Atomic force microscopy measurements required a pretreatment of the sunscreens or further calibration in phase analysis, but could not provide their elemental composition of commercial sunscreens. While XRD gave particle size and crystal information without a pretreatment of sunscreen, TEM analysis required dilution and dispersion of the commercial sunscreens before imaging. When coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, TEM afforded particle size information and compositional analysis. XRD characterization of six commercial sunscreens labeled as nanoparticles revealed that three samples contained TiO2 NPs, among which two listed ZnO and TiO2, and displayed average particle sizes of 15 nm, 21 nm, and 78 nm. However, no nanosized ZnO particles were found in any of the samples by XRD. In general, TEM can resolve nanomaterials that exhibit one or more dimensions between 1 nm and 100 nm, allowing the identification of ZnO and TiO2 NPs in all six sunscreens and ZnO/TiO2 mixtures in two of the samples. Overall, the combination of XRD and TEM was suitable for analyzing ZnO and TiO2 NPs in commercial sunscreens.
Welfare effects of maize technologies in marginal and high potential regions of Kenya

This paper describes the findings of a study that used a multi-market model to assess the potential impact of improved maize technologies on the welfare of various types of rural and urban households in Kenya. The modelling results indicate that technologies developed for high potential regions are likely to have more profound aggregate impacts on maize production and lead to greater reductions in import demand (if prices are controlled) or maize prices (if maize prices are flexible). Technology adoption in high potential regions is likely to have substantially greater positive impacts on aggregate real incomes, but inferior income distributional outcomes compared to technology adoption in marginal regions.
An electro-optical standard-cell for ASIC design

The integration of an electro-optical cell into the standard-cell design process using VHDL as the language for system specification is reported. The electro-optical ASIC described implements the numerical inequality detection critical to optically accessed database retrieval systems. The emphasis of this paper is on the overall design of an integrated electro-optical CMOS application specific integrated circuit. >
Estimating Xylella fastidiosa transmission parameters: decoupling sharpshooter number and feeding period.

Compared to human- and wildlife-transmitted pathogens, less emphasis has been placed on developing models of plant pathogen transmission by insects. Here, we describe the transmission ecology of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., the causal agent of Pierce's disease in grapevines, by its leafhopper vectors. First, we performed a meta-analysis of transmission studies of X. fastidiosa by its two most important vectors in the Western USA, the invasive glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis Germar, and the native blue-green sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret (both Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The importance of vector number, pathogen acquisition period, and inoculation access period (IAP) for transmission differed between the two species. We fit these transmission datasets to two biologically derived transmission models, i.e., a binomial and a Poisson probability model. The Poisson model provided substantially better fit and produced estimates of H. vitripennis transmission efficiency that were dramatically lower than for G. atropunctata. We also conducted a separate pair of experiments that decoupled vector number from IAP. These experiments supported the results of the meta-analysis. Interestingly, high vector loads not only increased transmission rate, but also shortened X. fastidiosa incubation period in grapevines. This work provides quantitative estimates of transmission of an economically important pathogen that is analogous to risk models for arthropod-vectored human and wildlife diseases. In addition, this work suggests that heterogeneous vector loads may accelerate the disease cycle, increasing the potential for secondary spread in vineyards.
A 1 K shadow RAM for circumvention applications

A method for creating a circumvention memory using existing technologies is presented. Since no single memory technology can meet all the requirements, two memory cells (CMOS and SNOS) were combined in a shadow RAM configuration. The resulting circuit has been characterized to verify that performance goals were achieved. >
CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON EPITHELIUM OF RAT SEMINAL VESICLES

introduction MOORE, Hughes, and Gallagher (1930) made a comprehensive study of the effect of castration and male hormone replacement on the seminal vesicles of the rat. These investigators observed nuclear changes as well as reduction in cell height in the secretory epithelium following gonadectomy. Furthermore, the injection of testis extract brought about the lebuilding of degenerate vesicles to their functional condition. The epithelial cell height of seminal vesicle tissue is closely correlated with the level of male hormone present in body fluids. In this study observations were made on the action of male sex hormone on nuclear diameter, nucleolar changes, cell height, and mitotic activity of the secretoiy epithelium of seminal vesicles of sexually mature rats. Intact, castrate and hormone-treated castrate animals were used to obtain the cytometric data presented here. materials and methods A total of 114 male rats of the Holtzman-Rolfsmeyer strain was used in this investigation. At the time of gonad...
Using active networking for congestion control in high-speed networks with self-similar traffic

Various papers have discussed the impact of burstiness on network congestion. Their conclusions are that congested periods can be quite long with packet losses that are heavily concentrated. Several conventional methods have been implemented to avoid congestion, such as traffic shaping, end-to-end feedback congestion control systems, etc. These methods are not responsive enough to the varying bandwidth and network delay caused by bursty traffic. The objective of the paper is to describe a new algorithm to avoid congestion without the negative effects of traditional methods. A model developed under Compuware's COMNET, the discrete event simulation system, illustrates the algorithm. The model is based on real traffic collected in an ATM network.
Theoretical analysis of the evolution from ignition kernel to flame ball and planar flame

Dynamics of flame kernel evolution with and without external energy addition has been investigated analytically and numerically. Emphasis is placed on the effects of radiation heat loss, ignition power and Lewis number on the correlation and transition between the initial flame kernel, the self-extinguishing flame, the flame ball, the outwardly propagating spherical flame and the propagating planar flame. The present study extends previous results by bridging the theories of the non-adiabatic stationary flame balls and travelling flames and allowing rigorous consideration of radiation heat losses. The results show that the effects of radiation heat loss play an important role in flame regimes and flame transition and result in a new isolated self-extinguishing flame. Furthermore, it is found that radiation heat losses significantly increase the critical ignition radius and result in three different dependences of the minimum ignition power on the Lewis number. Comparisons between the results from the tran...
CENP-C directs a structural transition of CENP-A nucleosomes mainly through sliding of DNA gyres

The histone H3 variant CENP-A is incorporated into nucleosomes that mark centromere location. We have recently reported that CENP-A nucleosomes, compared with their H3 counterparts, confer an altered nucleosome shape. Here, using a single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach with recombinant human histones and centromere DNA, we found that the nucleosome shape change directed by CENP-A is dominated by lateral passing of two DNA gyres (gyre sliding). A nonhistone centromere protein, CENP-C, binds and reshapes the nucleosome, sliding the DNA gyres back to positions similar to those in canonical nucleosomes containing conventional histone H3. The model that we generated to explain the CENP-A-nucleosome transition provides an example of a shape change imposed by external binding proteins and has notable implications for understanding of the epigenetic basis of the faithful inheritance of centromere location on chromosomes.
Ultrafast electron diffraction from non-equilibrium phonons in femtosecond laser heated Au films

We use ultrafast electron diffraction to detect the temporal evolution of non-equilibrium phonons in femtosecond laser-excited ultrathin single-crystalline gold films. From the time-dependence of the Debye-Waller factor, we extract a 4.7 ps time-constant for the increase in mean-square atomic displacements. The observed increase in the diffuse scattering intensity demonstrates that the energy transfer from laser-heated electrons to phonon modes near the X and K points in the Au fcc Brillouin zone proceeds with timescales of 2.3 and 2.9 ps, respectively, faster than the Debye-Waller average mean-square displacement.
SANS Studies of the Configurations of Single Chains in Heterogeneous Block Copolymers

Small-angle neutron scattering studies of polystyrene-polybutadiene diblock copolymers of spherical morphology are discussed, with emphasis on the effect of this morphology on the spatial organization of the polymer chains. Three particular cases are examined: (i) the distribution within the matrix of added (matrix) homopolymer, (ii) the distribution within the spherical microdomains of added (microdomain) homopolymer, and (iii) isotopic effects occurring in the B domains when a B-deuterated diblock SBd is blended with a normal sample SB. Deviations from ideal mixing are found in all three cases.
Blood pressure response to exercise in children following the subclavian flap procedure for coarctation of the aorta

Eight patients who underwent repair of coarctation of the aorta as infants (mean age 4.6 months) by the subclavian flap procedure were evaluated by dynamic exercise. Their mean age at the time of exercise testing was 4.6 years. Resting upper to lower limb systolic blood pressure gradients were similar in the patients and control subjects (mean 17 ± 12 and 2 ± 14 mm Hg) (p > 0.05). Mean resting systolic blood pressures in the upper limb were 121 ± 10 mm Hg in the patients and 107 ± 14 mm Hg in the volunteers (p > 0.05). The mean gradient between the upper and lower limbs was 13 ± 19 mm Hg in the patients on dynamic exercise testing. No patient became pathologically hypertensive in the upper limbs during dynamic exercise. These results indicate that the subclavian flap procedure is an effective form of treatment for the symptomatic infant with coarctation of the aorta and can be expected to result in a low incidence of subclinical residual obstruction or restenosis.
Development and Implementation of Digital Badges for Learning Science, Technologly, Engineering and Math (STEM) Practices in Secondary Contexts: A Pedagogical Approach with Empirical Evidence

Designed purposefully, digital badge learning trajectories and criteria can be flexible tools for scaffolding, measuring and communicating the acquisition of knowledge, skills or competencies. This flexibility permits a myriad of possibilities—and pitfalls—for teaching, learning and assessment in K-12 and professional learning contexts. One of the most often discussed attributes of digital badges, is the ability of badges to “motivate” learners. However, the research base to support this claim is in its infancy; there is little empirical evidence. A content-agnostic, skills-based digital badge intervention was designed to demonstrate mastery learning in select, age-appropriate, Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The design was informed by theories of learning (Vygotsky. Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1967; Bandura and McClelland. Social learning theory, 1977, http://sjsu.edu/counselored/docs/EdCo.248.Social_Learning_Theory.pdf; Wenger Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000) and the Connected, Learning Model, (Ito et al. Connected learning: An agenda for research and design. Irvine, CA: Digital Media and Learning Research Hub, 2013), as well as theories of learner engagement and motivation (Fredericks et al. J Educ Res 74(1), 59–109, 2004; Malone and Lepper. Apt Learn Instruct 3(1987), 223–253, 1987). The impact of socio-economic challenges or linguistically and culturally diverse populations is considered. The pedagogical approach was informed by best practices in teaching and assessment. Substantial supporting materials were also developed including training materials and implementation documentation. Among the findings were statistically significant increases in measures of motivation including self-efficacy, self-regulation and perceived competence. In addition, both students and teachers found the badges were motivating for learning, with teachers reporting enhanced learning products and student engagement. Results from factorial analysis suggest that digital badges present a hybrid motivational construct which consists of aspects of both performance and learning goal orientations. Suggestions for future research include additional study on the design principles for standards-based digital badges and research to understand the theoretical basis and best practices in using digital badges for motivating students.
Allies or Adversaries: NGOs and the State in Africa

Governments throughout the developing world have witnessed a proliferation of non-governmental, non-profit organizations (NGOs) providing services like education, healthcare and piped drinking water in their territory. In Allies or Adversaries, Jennifer N. Brass explains how these NGOs have changed the nature of service provision, governance, and state development in the early twenty-first century. Analyzing original surveys alongside interviews with public officials, NGOs and citizens, Brass traces street-level government-NGO and state-society relations in rural, town and city settings of Kenya. She examines several case studies of NGOs within Africa in order to demonstrate how the boundary between purely state and non-state actors blurs, resulting in a very slow turn toward more accountable and democratic public service administration. Ideal for scholars, international development practitioners, and students interested in global or international affairs, this detailed analysis provides rich data about NGO-government and citizen-state interactions in an accessible and original manner.
‘Authentic’ Dance and Racialized Ethnic Identities in Multicultural America: Chinese in Minnesota and Peruvian in New Jersey

We investigate how Chinese and Peruvian immigrants in the United States construct the idea of authenticity through dance and what roles the discourse and practice surrounding authenticity play in t...
Role of Brain-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Cardiac Troponins as Predictors of Outcome in Multiple Myeloma

BACKGROUND: High circulating levels of cardiac troponins, T and I (cTnT and cTnI) and brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are associated with shorter overall survival and increased transplant-related mortality (TRM) in patients with amyloidosis undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto SCT). Their role as prognostic markers in myeloma is not clearly defined. We evaluated the utility of BNP, cTnT and cTnI as prognostic markers in patients undergoing auto SCT for myeloma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who received high-dose chemotherapy followed by auto SCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 1 and December 31, 2006. Pre auto SCT levels of BNP, cTnT and cTnI were available in all patients. The upper limit of BNP was 100 ng/L, cTnT 0.01 ng/ml and cTnI 0.03 ng/ml. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients (68 male and 37 female) with a median age of 57 (31–73) received auto SCT during the study period. Seventy-seven patients received high-dose melphalan 200 mg/m 2 as preparative regimen, while 28 patients received a combination of melphalan 140 mg/m 2 + busulfan 130 mg/m 2 × 4 days. Median follow up of surviving patients was 21 months (1–30). Twenty-four (23%) patients had a high BNP level (>100 ng/L) prior to transplantation, 7 patients had a high cTnT level (>0.01ng/ml) and 12 patients had a high cTnI level (>0.03 ng/ml). In 101 evaluable patients, responses (complete 22 + partial 53) were seen in 75 (74%) patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 months was 86 and 58%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 24-month OS in the high BNP group (p=0.7). Eight patients died of non-relapse causes, with only one death in patients with high BNP (p=0.67). Grade 3–4 cardiac adverse events were reported in 2 patients only, one of whom had elevated BNP (p=0.54). An increase in either BNP, cTnT or cTNI was seen in 30 patients. These patients did not have a significant increase in TRM (p=0.68) or cardiac toxicity, or a decrease in OS. CONCLUSION: High pretransplant levels of BNP, cTnT or cTnI levels, either individually or together, did not adversely impact cardiac events, TRM or OS.
Severe intraventricular hemorrhage and withdrawal of support in preterm infants

The objective of the study was to determine whether withdrawal of support in severe ‘intraventricular hemorrhage’ (IVH), that is, IVH grade 3 and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), has decreased after publication of studies that show improved prognosis and to examine cranial ultrasonograms, including PVHI territories defined by Bassan. Retrospective cohort of preterm infants from 23 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks’ gestation in 1993 to 2013. Among the 1755 infants, 1494 had no bleed, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) or IVH grade 2, 137 had grade 3 IVH and 124 had PVHI. The odds of withdrawal of support, adjusted for severity of GMH-IVH and baseline variables, did not decrease after publications showing better prognosis. Among 82 patients who died with PVHI, 76 had life support withdrawn, including 34 without another contributing cause of death. The median number of PVHI territories involved was three. Withdrawal of support adjusted for severity of GMH-IVH did not significantly change after publications showing better prognosis.
Collectivism as a Moderator of Perceived Organizational Unfairness in Diverse Workplaces

Organizational fairness is an important field in organizational studies. It is how individuals or groups view or perceive the fairness of treatment they receive from organizations and supervisors. Perceptions of organizational justice have been found to predict significant organizational outcomes, such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, performance, turnover intentions, employee loyalty, and absenteeism. While many studies have consistently shown that a person’s perception of justice has a significant impact on some work outcomes, far fewer have examined the affect of this relationship in cultural diverse workplaces. This study aims to examine the affects of collectivistic values as one of the main cultural constructs on perception of organizational fairness and subsequent organizational outcomes. The study attempts to answer an overarching question emanating from the fact that collectivist values are known for maintaining harmonious relationships in groups
Refugee Education: The Crossroads of Globalization

In this article, I probe a question at the core of comparative education—how to realize the right to education for all and ensure opportunities to use that education for future participation in soc...
Brief of Professor Kevin Lapp, et. al., as Amici Curiae in Support of Reversal, C.J.L.G. v. Sessions, No. 16-73801

The idea that minors are different from adults and demand special protections is neither new nor controversial. Among the many safeguards in place for minors, perhaps none is more important than the right to appointed counsel for minors involved in judicial proceedings. In the decades since the Supreme Court recognized a constitutional right to appointed counsel in criminal and delinquency proceedings, courts and legislatures have extended the right of minors to appointed counsel to a variety of civil proceedings, including dependency proceedings, status offense proceedings, termination of parental rights proceedings, and judicial bypass hearings. This brief documents the broad national consensus that minors are entitled to appointed counsel in civil proceedings, in support of the argument that due process demands appointed counsel for minors in immigration removal proceedings.
Vasopressin/Oxytocin Receptor Family

Large neurons at the base of the brain (the hypothalamus) of humans and other mammals send their axons through the median eminence to terminate in the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) of the pituitary. Each of these magnocellular nerve cells typically synthesizes one of two neurohypophyseal hormones – vasopressin (VP) or oxytocin (OT). In fact, all vertebrates higher than jawless fish make VP- and OT-like hormones. Jawless fish and invertebrates, on the other hand, appear to produce only one VP/OT-like peptide per species.
A Comparison of Bone Marrow and Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Self-Assembly

Joint injury is a common cause of premature retirement for the human and equine athlete alike. Implantation of engineered cartilage offers the potential to increase the success rate of surgical intervention and hasten recovery times. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a particularly attractive cell source for cartilage engineering. While bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) have been most extensively characterized for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, studies suggest that cord blood MSCs (CB-MSCs) may elicit a more robust chondrogenic phenotype. The objective of this study was to determine a superior equine MSC source for cartilage engineering. MSCs derived from bone marrow or cord blood were stimulated to undergo chondrogenesis through aggregate redifferentiation and used to generate cartilage through the self-assembling process. The resulting neocartilage produced from either BM-MSCs or CB-MSCs was compared by measuring mechanical, biochemical, and histological properties. We found that while BM constructs possessed higher tensile properties and collagen content, CB constructs had superior compressive properties comparable to that of native tissue and higher GAG content. Moreover, CB constructs had alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type X, and collagen type II on par with native tissue suggesting a more hyaline cartilage-like phenotype. In conclusion, while both BM-MSCs and CB-MSCs were able to form neocartilage, CB-MSCs resulted in tissue more closely resembling native equine articular cartilage as determined by a quantitative functionality index. Therefore, CB-MSCs are deemed a superior source for the purpose of articular cartilage self-assembly.
Uso energético de la biomasa a través del proceso de gasificación

En este articulo se realiza una revision bibliografica sobre los procesos termoquimicos para la valorizacion energetica de la biomasa, con especial atencion en el proceso de gasificacion. Este trabajo articula conceptos fundamentales y parametros operacionales de la gasificacion que definen la calidad y la cantidad de los biocombustibles gaseosos generados en el proceso. Se realiza una descripcion de los procesos de caracterizacion de la biomasa para los procesos de gasificacion y las condiciones optimas de trabajo, especificando ventajas y desventajas de los agentes gasificantes. Posteriormente, se exponen las etapas de modelacion del proceso y los tipos de gasificadores y catalizadores.
Case series: Septa can influence local anesthetic spread during infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks.

Purpose: To ultrasonically identify the presence of septae within the neurovascular sheath and to assess their effect on local anesthetic spread when performing infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks.
Inference without chaining

The problem of specifying, constructing, and understanding specialized, limited inference systems arises in many areas of AI. As a first step towards solving this problem this paper recommends the development of an inference engine that is limited by its inability to chain together two pieces of a representation in order to derive a third. A method for using model theory to specify limited inference is introduced and then used to specify an inference engine via a three valued logic. This inference engine is proved to be the strongest one that does no chaining, modulo the way that it divides the representation into pieces. Thus, the specification captures the set of all inferences that require no chaining. This paper also surveys and compares a number of systems that do no chaining as well as some that allow only selected forms of chaining.
Effects of romantic involvement on substance use among young sexual and gender minorities.

Abstract Background Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents and young adults experience elevated rates of alcohol and drug use; it is, therefore, important to identify protective factors that decrease risk for substance use in this population. This study examined whether involvement in a romantic relationship, a well-established protective factor against heavy drinking and drug use among heterosexual adults, is also protective for SGM youth. Methods This study used eight waves of data provided by a community sample of 248 racially diverse SGM youth (ages 16–20 years at baseline). Multilevel structural equation models were used to assess within-person associations between relationship involvement and use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Age, gender, and sexual identity were tested as moderators. Results Romantic involvement was associated with less drinking for all participants (Rate Ratio = 0.64) and decreased likelihood of illicit drug use for gay and lesbian participants (Odds Ratio = 0.56). However, participants reported smoking 26% more cigarettes when romantically involved. Further, among bisexuals, romantic involvement was associated with increased marijuana (Rate Ratio = 2.31) and other illicit drug use (Odds Ratio = 2.39). Conclusions Study findings indicate some protective effects of relationship involvement against substance use among SGM youth, particularly with respect to alcohol and illicit drugs other than marijuana. However, dating may promote smoking in all SGM youth and drug use in bisexual youth. The demographic differences observed in the effects of romantic involvement highlight the importance of attending to differences among SGM youth in research, theory, and substance use reduction efforts.
Educator, Artist, Researcher: A Synergistic Relationship

The role of a dance educator is complex. On any given day one might carry the title of educator, artist, choreographer, or scholar, to name a few. In my experiences as a teacher in public school, c...
Social Presence Theory: Relevance for HRD/VHRD Research and Practice:

The ProblemSocial presence theory (SPT) is the degree to which a person is perceived to be a “real person” in their computer-mediated communication or virtual environments. The level of social pres...
The lysine methyltransferase DOT1L controls CD4+ T cell differentiation and plasticity

ABSTRACT CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation is controlled by lineage-specific expression of transcription factors and effector proteins, as well as silencing of lineage-promiscuous genes. Lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) comprise a major class of epigenetic enzymes that are emerging as important regulators of Th cell biology. Here, we show that the KMT DOT1L regulates Th cell function and lineage integrity. DOT1L-dependent dimethylation of lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79me2) is associated with lineage-specific gene expression. However, DOT1L-deficient Th cells overproduce IFN-γ under lineage-specific and lineage-promiscuous conditions. Consistent with the increased IFN-γ response, mice with a T cell-specific deletion of DOT1L are susceptible to infection with the helminth parasite Trichuris muris and resistant to the development of allergic lung inflammation. These results identify a central role for DOT1L in Th cell lineage commitment and stability, and suggest that inhibition of DOT1L may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to limit type 2 immune responses. SUMMARY Histone methyltransferases comprise a major class of epigenetic enzymes that are emerging as important regulators of Th cell biology. Here, Scheer et al. report that DOT1L is a key regulator of the Th cell lineage and integrity, thereby affecting Th cell-dependent responses at mucosal sites.
Optical coherence microscopy

We report a new method for improved optical sectioning in confocal microscopy. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) uses low-coherence interferometry to improve image contrast in highly scattering media. OCM is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a new method for non-invasive cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructure.1 The extension of this technique to confocal microscopy offers the potential for micron-resolution imaging without the need for biopsy in highly scattering media such as skin and endoscopically accessible tissues.
Mechanical Obstruction: Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

Small bowel obstruction constitutes around 80% of all mechanical obstruction. It usually presents as cramping abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. There is usually a 12-hour lag between the clinical symptoms and radiological findings. Etiology of small bowel obstruction can be divided into congenital causes, such as jejunal or ileal atresia, and acquired causes such as adhesions and incarcerated hernias.
A physics-based model and simple scaling law to predict the pressure dependence of single crystal spall strength

Abstract A homogenized framework for ductile damage accounting for the effect of void growth on the thermomechanical response of single crystals under dynamic loading (CPD-FE) is developed. The current framework extends our prior work (Nguyen et al., 2017) by incorporating the yield function of Han et al. (2013) for porous single crystals to govern the degradation of the macroscopic critical resolved shear stress. Validation of the model against direct numerical simulations shows a significant improvement in accuracy under conditions of macroscopic shear loading. The model parameters are calibrated to Kolsky bar (split-Hopkinson pressure bar) and plate impact experiments, and utilized to predict spall strength of single crystal copper in ⟨100⟩ orientation. Simulation results exhibit favorable agreement with single crystal plate impact tests over a range of strain rates and shock compression pressures. These simulation results are used to further interpret previous experimental observations on the rate and pressure sensitivity of spallation. Lastly, a simple analytical model for spall strength depending on the temperature, strain rate and pressure is proposed, which shows agreement with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental results. This analytical model of spall strength concisely captures the physical mechanisms governing the effects of pressure, strain rate, and temperature on spall strength.
Facts Upon Delivery: What Is Rhetorical About Visualized Models?

What expectations should professionals and the public place on visuals to communicate the uncertainties of complex phenomena? This article demonstrates how charts during the early months of the COV...
A novel technique to manage transcatheter aortic valve embolization

We report a case of a 69-year-old male who was planned for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a 26 mm Sapien 3 Valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) for the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. During rapid ventricular pacing and implantation of the TAVR valve, there was a loss of pacing capture and subsequent embolization of the valve into the aortic arch. Retrieval of the embolized valve was attempted unsuccessfully using several techniques. Finally, by using a 34 mm Evolut R Valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota), we were able to secure the embolized valve in the transverse segment of the aortic arch without compromising the branch vessels. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of using a valve-in-valve approach to fixate an embolized valve in the transverse aorta.
Floodplain and Terrace Legacy Sediment as a Widespread Record of Anthropogenic Geomorphic Change

Anthropogenic erosion and sedimentation are critical components of global change that involve life-sustaining natural resources of soil and water. Many geomorphic systems have responded to intense ...
E-procurement system adoption in local governments: the role of procurement complexity and organizational structure

The article examines how local governments’ procurement complexity and structure interact to influence e-procurement adoption. Drawing on the survey data of over 400 cities, we find that a centrali...
Early Career African American Teachers and the Impact of Administrative Support

This study examined the mobility trends of African American public-school teachers. Guided by the integration of critical race theory and organization theory, this study used longitudinal data from...
Opioid use disorder: a neglected human immunodeficiency virus risk in American adolescents.

In 2017 alone, 783 000 children aged 12-17 years misused opioids with 14 000 using heroin. Opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) in adolescents and young adults are significant barriers to ending the HIV epidemic. To address these synergistic scourges requires dedicated practitioners and improved access to life-saving evidence-based treatment. Adolescents and young adults make up over one in five new HIV diagnoses even though they are less likely to be tested or know they are infected. Adolescents and young adults living with HIV are less likely to be retained in care or achieve virological suppression. OUD further leads to increased rates of risky behaviours (like sex without condoms), deceased retention in HIV care and decreased rates of viral suppression in this vulnerable population. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are recommended for adolescents and young adults with severe OUD and help retain youth in HIV treatment and decrease risk of death. However, due to stigma and lack of experience prescribing MOUD in adolescents, MOUD is often perceived as a last line option. MOUD remains difficult to access for adolescents with a shortage of providers and decreased options for treatment as compared to adults. Addiction treatment is infection prevention, and integrated addiction and HIV services are recommended to improve health outcomes. A multipronged approach including patient education, provider training and policy changes to improve access to treatment and harm reduction are urgently needed confront the drug use epidemic in youth.
‘Literacy, Armed Struggle and Black Consciousness’: The Evolution of NAYO, 1973–1976

Within the literature on Black Consciousness, the National Youth Organization (NAYO) is relatively unknown compared to its sister organisations like the South African Student Organization (SASO) an...
Evaluation of Depression in Children and Adolescents Using Diagnostic Clinical Interviews

This chapter will describe five of the most widely used diagnostic interviews and present psychometric data relevant to depression. In addition, a clinician-rated scale that is widely used in depression research—i. e., the Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) (Poznanski, Cook, & Carroll, 1979)—will be reviewed because it is often used in conjunction with these structured interviews.
Court Performance around the World: A Comparative Perspective

Increasing importance has been placed on an effective and efficient judiciary by governments and civil society. However, apart from decisions that they render, little is known about court performance trends. The judicial reform experiences so far have made it clear that more information is needed to review and compare trends among different countries. This paper addresses the efficiency aspect of court performance, as it can be quantitatively measured using objective data. In addition, congestion, cost, and delay are some of the problems most often complained about by the public. This paper reviews data collected from eleven countries on three continents and provides a description of performance. The main areas of comparison include the number of cases filed, resolved, and pending per judge, the clearance and congestion rates, time to resolve a case, the number of judges, and the cost of a case. The paper also reviews the recent trends within each country and discusses some possible reforms.
Biological Basis For Management of Commercial Fishery Resources of the Eastern Bering Sea

Some biological considerations involved with the management of three Eastern Bering Sea fisheries are reviewed. Groundfish management is very complex due to multispecies and multifishery interactions superimposed on a highly variable fishery, The abundance of the various species is assessed through catch information and independent research trawl and acoustic surveys, and a total allowable catch is assigned for individual species and the total groundfish complex. This total catch is adjusted for various biological and socioeconomic factors, and conservative allocations are made to the various fisheries, The biological input related to the management of the walleye polllock fioshery is illustrated as an example. Management of the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon fishery is inherently less complex since it deals with a single species and fishery, one management agency and a relatively limited time frame. However, biological eomplexities involving different run timings, brood-year interaetions, eyclic dominanee, and long-term elimatic ehanges render optimal spawner level decisions based on spawner-reeuit relations of questionable value. Forecasts of run size are based on serial monitoring by a pre-season test fishery, as well as in-season cateh and escapement monitoring, and cateh is adjusted aecordingly. King crab management is based on tbe supposition that male crabs that have already mated at least once represent a surplus that may be harvested. Close monitoring of cateh and pre- and postreeruit abundance Ievels is critieal to the suceess of this strategy in such a cyelically variable fishery. Since all three fisheries undergo long-term fluetuations possibly driven by environmental eonditions, evolution toward a more dynamie management poliey is advocated.
Recent Developments in Low-Energy Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction Studies

Even after decades of intensive work on nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering, there are still unanswered, basic questions about subtle details of the NN interaction at low energies. In this talk “low energy” refers to nucleon laboratory energies of less than 100 MeV. The answers to these questions are important since they are related to the fate of modern, meson-exchange based NN potential models. Of course, any significant new developments at low energies will also have an impact on the parameterization and understanding of the NN interaction at higher energies.
Fine structure of Hagedorn transitions

We study non-perturbative aspects of the Hagedorn transition for IIB string theory in an anti-de Sitter spacetime in the limit that the string length goes to infinity. The theory has a holographic dual in terms of free N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory on a threedimensional sphere. We define a double scaling limit in which the width of the transition region around the Hagedorn temperature scales with the effective string coupling with a critical exponent. We show that in this limit the transition is smoothed out by quantum effects. In particular, the Hagedorn singularity of perturbative string theory is removed by summing over two different string geometries: one from the thermal AdS background, the other from a noncritical string background. The associated noncritical string has the scaling of the unconventional branch of super-Liouville theory or a branched polymer.
Specific Chemical Cleavage in High Yield at the Amino Peptide Bonds of Cysteine and Cystine Residues

Abstract A protocol is presented for the quantitative conversion of cysteine and cystine residues in proteins to residues of S-cyanocysteine, using the reagent 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid (Degani, Y., and Patchornik, A. (1971) J. Org. Chem. 36, 2727). Cleavage of the amino peptide bond of the S-cyanocysteine residue is obtained upon exposure to 6 m guanidinium chloride-0.1 m sodium borate, pH 9.0, at 37° for 12 hours, with concomitant formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylyl peptides. Application of the method to several proteins indicates that virtually complete cleavage can be obtained and that there are no significant side reactions due to exposure to alkaline pH. A mechanism for the cleavage reaction is proposed in which specific hydroxide ion catalysis is followed by concerted peptide bond cleavage and ring closure, without the intermediate formation of an acyliminothiazolidine.
Seeing and Hearing in Therapy and Supervision: A Clinical Example of Isomorphism

A case history is given which illustrates that the progress of a supervisee with a client may be tied to the personal awareness and cognitive and emotional fluidity of a supervisor. As the supervisor gains differentiation, so does the therapist, and the training system becomes unstuck.