cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus deficient in recombinational repair: Improved isolation by selecting for mutants exhibiting concurrent sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-Nutrosoguanidine

Abstract Recombination-deficient ( rec ) mutants of Staphylococcus aureus strains 152 and Ps29 were sought by initially screening mutagenized cultures for mutants exhibiting increased sensitivity to both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (NG). Mutants thus isolated were analyzed for recombinational ability by transduction, and further characterized in terms of sensitivity to UV, NG, ability to repair UV-irradiated bacteriophage, and spontaneous and UV-induced DNA degradation. Mutagenesis of strain 152 yielded three isolates, one of which was rec , the second potentially lex , and the third possessing an undetermined repair deficiency. Mutagenesis of strain Ps29 resulted in the isolation of one mutant, which exhibited a rec genotype. In searching for rec mutants of S. aureus , the value of initially screening mutagenized cultures for mutants exhibiting concurrent sensitivity to UV and NG, as opposed to screening for UV sensitivity alone, is discussed.
Unequal Error Protection Codes

The error correcting capability of the Unequal Error Protection (UEP) codes is described in terms of correcting errors in specific digits of a codeword even though other digits may be decoded incorrectly. UEP codes were first studied in [1] by Masnick and Wolf. Since then, there has been a proliferation of studies in the field of UEP codes, both in theory and in practical applications. This article provides a tutorial treatment of UEP codes and describes some applications. Keywords: unequal error protection; multilevel codes; multiple hierarchy; variable-rate error protection; multistage decoding; coded modulation; channel coding
PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE EXTREME HELIUM STARS

The purpose of this paper is to review the photometric histories of the extreme helium stars.
Electrographic Seizures and New Recurrent Excitatory Circuits in the Dentate Gyrus of Hippocampal Slices from Kainate-Treated Epileptic Rats

Mossy fiber sprouting has been proposed to lead to new excitatory connections between dentate granule cells, which in turn cause electrographic seizures. We tested this hypothesis in hippocampal slices from rats made epileptic-by kainate injections. The Timm's histological method revealed intense staining of the inner molecular layer in slices from all kainate-treated rats. In bicuculline (10 microM) and 6 mM [K +]o, antidromic stimulation of the granule cells evoked bursts of population spikes superimposed on long-lasting negative shifts in all slices tested from all kainate-treated rats. Long-duration (2-47 sec), seizure-like bursts with tonic and clonic components occurred spontaneously (53%) or in response to antidromic stimulation (81%). Under identical conditions, prolonged bursts were never seen in slices from controls or from kainate-injected rats 2-4 d after treatment. Glutamate microdrops applied in the granule cell layer evoked abrupt increases in the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in two thirds of the cells tested. Glutamate microstimulation was effective at several sites in the granule cell layer but ineffective in the hilus. The proportion of granule cells responding to local application of glutamate by an increase in EPSPs was higher in slices with long bursts (80% with bursts of > 3 sec) than in slices with shorter bursts (33% with bursts of < 3 sec). Glutamate microstimulation did not affect EPSPs in granule cells from control preparations. These results support the hypothesis that kainate-induced mossy fiber sprouting forms new excitatory connections between granule cells and can lead to increased seizure susceptibility in the dentate gyrus.
Cultural psychology: Cultural mode, identity, and literacy

The question that I address in this chapter is this: Why do some minority groups continue to experience difficulty in acquiring literacy? For the purpose of this essay, I define literacy as the ability to read, write, and compute in the form taught and expected in formal education. Put differently, I consider literacy to be synonymous with academic performance. Theories of minority school failure There are competing explanations of the lower school performance of some minority groups like Black Americans. One is the theory of inadequate genetic endowment. Jensen (1969), for instance, argues that because of genetic differences Black Americans not only perform lower than white Americans on IQ tests, but they also perform much lower than whites on those parts of the IQ tests requiring abstract reasoning and other cognitive skills associated with the higher academic performance of the whites. I have pointed out elsewhere (Ogbu, 1978, 1986) that the type of genetic differences that researchers have shown to exist between Blacks and whites do not warrant the type of generalizations made by Jensen. In addition, the so-called twin studies upon which much of Jensen's theory rests have now been called into question (Dorfman, 1978; Hearnshaw, 1979). Other theorists attribute the lower school performance to developmental deficiency. They argue that poor Black children grow up in home environments that do not provide them with the kind of early child experience that enhances the development of appropriate cognitive, linguistic, motivational, and social-emotional skills or competencies for school success (Hess & Shipman, 1967; Riessman, 1962; Hunt, 1969; Ramey & Suarez, 1985).
Statistical Techniques Employed in AERJ and JCP Articles from 1988 to 1997: A Methodological Review

The authors of the present methodological review investigated the patterns of statistical usage and reporting practices in 756 articles published in the American Educational Research Journal (AERJ) and in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) over a 10-year period. First, some findings from other similar reviews are summarized. Second, the authors present a framework for characterizing selected research practices that emphasizes, in part, elements of the recent report of the American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on Statistical Inference (Wilkinson & APA Task Force on Statistical Inference, 1999). Third, characterizations of 10 years of analytic practices in 2 journals are presented and evaluated within that framework. The article concludes with a discussion of the changes that may be necessary to improve the statistical state of affairs in behavioral research.
Modifying spiking precision in conductance-based neuronal models

The temporal precision of a neuron's spiking can be characterized by calculating its “jitter,” defined as the standard deviation of the timing of individual spikes in response to repeated presentations of a stimulus. Sub-millisecond jitters have been measured for neurons in a variety of experimental systems and appear to be functionally important in some instances. We have investigated how modifying a neuron's maximal conductances affects jitter using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model and an eight-conductance Hodgkin-Huxley type (HH8) model. We observed that jitter can be largely understood in the LIF model in terms of the neuron's filtering properties. In the HH8 model we found the role of individual conductances in determining jitter to be complicated and dependent on the model's spiking properties. Distinct behaviors were observed for populations with slow ( 11.5 Hz) spike rates and appear to be related to differences in a particular channel's activity at times just before sp...
IRMOS: an infrared multi-object spectrometer using a MEMS micro-mirror array

The Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer (IRMOS) is an innovative near-IR instrument approaching completion. IRMOS will provide R~300, 1000, and 3000 spectroscopy in the J, H, and K bands plus R~1000 in Z together with imaging in all bands. Using a Texas Instruments 848x600 element DMD as a micro mirror array to synthesize slits in an imaging spectrometer obtaining up to 100 simultaneous spectra will be possible. Designed for the KPNO 4 and 2.2 meter telescopes, IRMOS will provide 3x2 and 6x4 arc minute fields of view on these telescopes. IRMOS is constructed mainly of 6061 Aluminum using diamond machined optics which has permitted a complex, compact, all reflective optical design. We describe the design and status of IRMOS, summarize its expected performance, and discuss several interesting aspects of its development and the use of TI DMD devices. IRMOS is a joint project of the Space Telescope Science Institute, the NASA Next Generation Space Telescope Project, and the Kitt Peak National Observatory.
A practical approach to genetic inducible fate mapping: a visual guide to mark and track cells in vivo.

Fate maps are generated by marking and tracking cells in vivo to determine how progenitors contribute to specific structures and cell types in developing and adult tissue. An advance in this concept is Genetic Inducible Fate Mapping (GIFM), linking gene expression, cell fate, and cell behaviors in vivo, to create fate maps based on genetic lineage. GIFM exploits X-CreER lines where X is a gene or set of gene regulatory elements that confers spatial expression of a modified bacteriophage protein, Cre recombinase (CreERT). CreERT contains a modified estrogen receptor ligand binding domain which renders CreERT sequestered in the cytoplasm in the absence of the drug tamoxifen. The binding of tamoxifen releases CreERT, which translocates to the nucleus and mediates recombination between DNA sequences flanked by loxP sites. In GIFM, recombination typically occurs between a loxP flanked Stop cassette preceding a reporter gene such as GFP. Mice are bred to contain either a region- or cell type-specific CreER and a conditional reporter allele. Untreated mice will not have marking because the Stop cassette in the reporter prevents further transcription of the reporter gene. We administer tamoxifen by oral gavage to timed-pregnant females, which provides temporal control of CreERT release and subsequent translocation to the nucleus removing the Stop cassette from the reporter. Following recombination, the reporter allele is constitutively and heritably expressed. This series of events marks cells such that their genetic history is indelibly recorded. The recombined reporter thus serves as a high fidelity genetic lineage tracer that, once on, is uncoupled from the gene expression initially used to drive CreERT. We apply GIFM in mouse to study normal development and ascertain the contribution of genetic lineages to adult cell types and tissues. We also use GIFM to follow cells on mutant genetic backgrounds to better understand complex phenotypes that mimic salient features of human genetic disorders. This video article guides researchers through experimental methods to successfully apply GIFM. We demonstrate the method using our well characterized Wnt1-CreERT;mGFP mice by administering tamoxifen at embryonic day (E)8.5 via oral gavage followed by dissection at E12.5 and analysis by epifluorescence stereomicroscopy. We also demonstrate how to micro-dissect fate mapped domains for explant preparation or FACS analysis and dissect adult fate-mapped brains for whole mount fluorescent imaging. Collectively, these procedures allow researchers to address critical questions in developmental biology and disease models.
Comments on “detection of a coherent signal of known phase” by R. A. Klemm

Finding the optimum quantum detector of a coherent signal of known phase in thermal noise requires determining the spectrum of eigenvalues of the operator p11 − λp0 , where p0 and p1 are the density operators of the receiver in the absence and presence of the signal, respectively, and λ is a parameter. About the nature of the spectrum of the eigenvalues and the range of admissible values of λ the asymptotic methods used by Klemm (Inform. Contr. 28 (1975), 35) may convey certain misconceptions, which this note endeavors to correct.
H I 21 centimeter observations and I-band CCD surface photometry of spiral galaxies behind the virgo cluster and toward its antipode

Sample selection, radio and optical data acquisition and reduction, and observation results are presented for spiral galaxies behind the Virgo Cluster and toward its antipode. I-band CCD photometry was obtained for all the bright galaxies and part of the sample of faint galaxies in the two local volumes was studied. The statistical properties of the galaxy samples are discussed.
Compound Nominals, Context, and Compositionality

There are good reasons to think natural languages are compositional. But compound nominals (CNs) are largely productive constructions that have proven highly recalcitrant to compositional semantic analysis. I evaluate existing proposals to treat CNs compositionally and argue that they are unsuccessful. I then articulate an alternative proposal according to which CNs contain covert indexicals. Features of the context allow a variety of relations to be expressed using CNs, but this variety is not expressed in the lexicon or the semantic rules of the language. This proposal accounts for the diversity of contents CNs can be used to express while preserving compositionality. Finally, I defend this proposal against some recent anti-contextualist arguments.
Influence of sedentary versus physically active conditions on regulation of plasma renin activity and vasopressin

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sedentary animals compared to physically active controls exhibit enhanced sympathoexcitatory responses, including arter...
CATECHOLAMINE EXCESS IN THE NEWBORN: A NEW SYNDROME

We measured strikingly increased urinary and serum levels of catecholamines in a newborn with gangrene of the extremities, hypertension (BP 200/160), myocarditis, enterocolitis, hematologic abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, hyperkininemia with edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation) renal disease (proteinuria, oliguria), seizures and coma. Total serum catechols were 6.0 ng/ml (normal 0.2-0.5 ng/ml). Urine catechol levels in ug/mg creatinine were determined before and after 12 hrs. of therapy with α-methyl-paratyrosine (α-MPT), an inhibitor of endogenous catechol synthesis. Phentolamine test was positive; treatment with peripheral alpha-blockade normalized blood pressure. During one month of α-MPT therapy, all chemical and physical abnormalities were largely reversed. Two attempts to taper α-MPT were followed by hypertension. Following death attributable to sepsis and DIC, extensive autopsy failed to reveal a catechol source. Because catechol excess is a potentially treatable cause of this catastrophic circulatory disorder, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertension and of peripheral gangrene in infants.
Beneficial effects of the bioflavonoids curcumin and quercetin on early function in cadaveric renal transplantation: a randomized placebo controlled trial.

Background The bioflavonoids quercetin and curcumin are renoprotective natural antioxidants. We wished to examine their effects on early graft function (EF). Methods Between September 2002 and August 2004, 43 dialysis dependent cadaveric kidney recipients were enrolled into a study using Oxy-Q which contains 480 mg of curcumin and 20 mg of quercetin, started after surgery and taken for 1 month. They were randomized into three groups: control (placebo), low dose (one capsule, one placebo) and high dose (two capsules). Delayed graft function (DGF) was defined as first week dialysis need and slow function (SGF) as Cr >2.5 mg/dl by day 10. Category variables were compared by chi squared and continuous variables by Kruskal-Wallis. Results There were four withdrawals: one by patient choice and three for urine leak. The control group had 2/14 patients with DGF vs. none in either treatment group. Incidence of EF was control 43%, low dose 71% and high dose 93% (P=0.013). Serum creatinine was significantly lower at 2 days (control 7.6+/-2.1, low 5.4+/-0.6, high 3.96+/-.35 P=0.0001) and 30 days (control 1.82+/-.16, low 1.65+/-.09, high 1.33 +/-.1, P=0.03). Acute rejection incidence within 6 months was control 14.3%, low dose 14.3% and high dose 0%. Tremor was detected in 13% of high dose patients vs. 46% of others. Urinary HO-1 was higher in bioflavonoid groups. Conclusion Bioflavonoid therapy improved early graft function. Acute rejection and neurotoxicity were lowest in the high dose group. These bioflavonoids improve early outcomes in cadaveric renal transplantation, possibly through HO-1 induction.
Neighborhood disadvantage and adult depression

Using multilevel data, Ifind that residents of poor, mother-only neighborhoods have higher levels of depression than residents of more advantaged neighborhoods. My data arefrom the 1995 Community, Crime and Health survey, a probability sample of 2,482 adults in Illinois with linked information about the respondents' census tract. Adjustment for individual-level race, ethnicity, sex, age, education, employment, income, household structure, and urban residence indicates that more than half of apparent contextual effect is really compositional, due to the fact that residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods tend to be disadvantaged themselves; however, a significant contextual effect survives. All of the distressing effects offemale headship and poverty in the neighborhood are mediated by perceived neighborhood disorder The daily stress of living in a neighborhood where social order has broken down is associated with depression.
THE PHENOMENON OF CONGLOMERATE CRYSTALLIZATION. PART 49. THE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF K[cis-β-(EDDA)(ox)l · H2O(I), AND OF [mer-Co(dien)(NH3(ox)]BR (II)

Abstract Racemic solutions of K[cis-β-(edda)(ox)]H2O (I) CoKO9N2C8H12, crystallize as racemic crystals, space group P21/c (No. 14) with cell constants of a = 8.993(4), 10.302(4), c = 14.590(9), (3=106.24(4)°, V= 1297.44 A3, d= 1.936 gm-cm3. (MW = 378.22 gm-mole−1; z = 4). A total of 3081 data were collected over the range of 4° ≤ 2θ ≤ 50° of these, 1695 (independent and with 1 ≥ 2.5[sgrave](I)) were used in the structural analysis. Data were corrected for absorption (μ = 16.861 cm−1) and the transmission coefficients ranged from 0.9163 to 0.9965. The final R(F) and Rw(F) residuals were, respectively 0.0299 and 0.0322. The anions exist in the lattice as enantiomeric pairs and the conformation of the central, five-membered ring for the molecule described here is δ(N1-C1-C2-N2 =+47.3°); that of the five-membered acetato ligands are, respectively, δ(+162.0°) and λ(-156.8°). The secondary nitrogens are both R. The potassium cation is bonded to the six oxygens. Racemic solutions of [mer-Co(dien)(NH3)(ox)]Br (II...
Information Systems Outsourcing Announcements: Investigating the Impact on the Market Value of Contract‐Granting Firms

The objective of this research project is to examine the impact of information systems (IS) outsourcing announcements on the market value of contract‐granting firms. This study is important to researchers, professionals, and policy makers as it provides empirical evidence from the capital market that outsourcing is considered to be a value‐added business exchange for contract‐granting firms. Research findings indicate positive and significant market value gains for smaller vs. larger firms and service vs. nonservice industry firms. The significant effects observed in this study are explained by the existence of information asymmetry in the capital market for smaller firms and service firms, and by the relatively higher investment made by service firms in information technology. This study contributes to accounting research by examining the importance of providing financial report users with nonfinancial forward‐looking information concerning management's strategic decisions, such as the decision to outsou...
Effect of curing history on ultimate glass transition temperature and network structure of crosslinking polymers

Abstract For a particular crosslinking polymer, it is often considered that the final state of crosslinking may be reached by post-curing at temperatures above its ultimate glass transition temperature, Tg,u, regardless of previous curing histories. Although this appears to be true over a certain range of variation in curing history, the Tg,u and the network structure depend strongly on the curing history over a wide range of conditions for the homopolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) catalysed by 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole. As degrees of cure and crosslink increase, the glass transition temperature, Tg, of a sample may increase from the monomeric DGEBA value of −22°C to the highest value near 180°C. Depending on the curing thermal history, some samples may only attain a Tg,u of ∼100°C, even after post-curing at 200°C for 16 h. Although the influence of thermal history on Tg may rank second after the influence of the degree of cure, it is the most important factor on Tg,u for a fixed resin and catalyst composition. The reversible physical ageing process appears to be the least influential on Tg. As all crosslinking reactions involve competing reactions with different kinetic parameters, we believe that these phenomena are universally observable to a greater or lesser degree in all crosslinking reactions.
The relationship between chronic ethanol exposure and cigarette smoking in the laboratory and the natural environment

Few studies have examined the association between ethanol use and cigarette smoking topography. In particular, no study has objectively investigated the relationship between chronic ethanol exposure and cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between cigarette smoking and past and current ethanol use. Male and female cigarette smokers (n = 77) between the ages of 30 and 65 years were recruited and grouped as a function of their past and current ethanol use. Group 1 (n = 18) included subjects who were ethanol abstinent for the 3 months prior to the study and had no history of alcohol abuse (as defined by DSM-III criteria). Group 2 (n = 19) included subjects who were current regular ethanol users and had no history of alcohol abuse. Group 3 (n = 20) included subjects who were ethanol abstinent and had a history of alcohol abuse. Group 4 (n = 20) included current regular ethanol users with a history of alcohol abuse. A history of alcohol abuse was associated with an intensified pattern of cigarette smoking. Significant differences were observed for total daily smoke exposure, cigarette number, puff number, total puff and inhalation volume, and the nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide yields of the cigarettes smoked. Increased expired-air carbon monoxide and serum cotinine levels were also observed. Current ethanol use was not associated with an increased cigarette smoking pattern. These data suggest that alcohol abusers are at greater risk of contracting cigarette-related pathology.
Aortoiliac occlusion secondary to atherosclerotic plaque rupture as the result of blunt trauma

Abdominal aortic injuries secondary to blunt trauma are uncommon, particularly without associated visceral injury or external signs of localized trauma. Blunt trauma-induced abdominal aortic injuries most frequently result in intimal tearing. The most common mechanism is localized impact over the lower abdomen from sudden deceleration against a fixed object. We present the case of a patient with atheromatous plaque rupture in the distal abdominal aorta associated with acute aortoiliac occlusion as the result of a fall. Atherosclerotic disease may be present in young asymptomatic individuals and may be a predisposing factor for aortic intimal tearing. A high degree of suspicion and periodic reassessment of peripheral circulation in trauma patients are required to ensure early diagnosis of this injury.
A Linear Goal Programming Model for Trans-Shipment Problems with Flexible Supply and Demand Constraints

This paper deals with the development of a linear goal programming model for solving transshipment problems with flexible supply and demand constraints. The model was constructed based on the data obtained from a nationwide retail firm. The Wilcoxon signed-ranked test was used to show the model's flexibility and applicability. The test results were analysed and interpreted for decision making.
THE INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR

In this paper I address several phenomena that arise from the limited information possessed by individual investors. This limitation focuses attention on the channels by which investors receive information about securities. I find this perspective to have implications for the marketing of financial products, the dissemination of information by brokers, the commissions of brokerages, the role of investment analysis in the pricing of securities, the pricing of the services provided by financial intermediaries, and the equilibrium of pricing of capital assets.
Low-dose aspirin does not attenuate platelet aggregation or atherosclerosis in miniature swine but decreases production of aortic wall prostacyclin

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine if, and at what dose, aspirin could attenuate atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic Yucatan miniature swine, and to determine the influence of aspirin on aortic wall prostacyclin production and platelet aggregation. 30 Yucatan miniature swine (age 3 months) were fed either regular diet (RD), atherogenic diet (AD), or AD plus one of four aspirin dosages (2,4,8, or 16 mg/kg/d) for 6 months. The extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal aorta and coronary arteries was evaluated by sudanophilic staining and histological grading using Stary's classification, respectively. Aortic wall production of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) and platelet aggregation were assessed. Lesions were similar among the AD groups (45.3 ± 4.3%) and significantly higher than RD (1.4 ± 0.4%). PGI 2 production was significantly lower ( p
Wave heave energy conversion using modular multistability

Abstract In calm sea environments and for compact architectures, the power generation performance of wave energy converters may be drastically inhibited due to undesired dissipative effects in the conversion mechanisms. This research develops an alternative power take-off methodology to surmount these challenges and to enable practical wave energy conversion for mobile converter architectures that could power monitoring instrumentation or telecommunications. Building upon related research findings and engineering insights, the basis for energy conversion is the harnessing of impulsive kinetics induced as a multistable structure is extended and compressed. A prototype system is built and analyzed to evaluate the potential for this conversion framework. Composed of modular “cells”, the chain-like platform exhibits an increased number of stable configurations with each additional unit cell. Extension and compression of one end of the multistable chain (representative of wave heaving) while the opposing end remains mostly fixed, excites high frequency inter-cell dynamics due to impulsive transitions amongst configurations that are converted to electric current through electromagnetic induction. An experimentally validated model is utilized to gain insight towards successful realization of the power conversion concept and design guidelines are derived to maximize performance and ensure viability.
Oxidation and fate of chromium in soils

Abstract Land disposal of chromium-containing wastes constitutes an environmental risk where oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) may occur. The oxidation rate of Cr(III) to Cr(Vl) and different forms of Cr(VI), labile (adsorbed and solution) and solid forms were determined, in 11 moist soil samples collected from four Texas soil series (Silawa, Boonville, Burleson, and Pledger soils). The Cr oxidation rate increased with increasing content of reactive manganese (Mn) oxides and decreasing pH of the soils as follows: Pledger > Silawa > Boonville ≅ Burleson. Concentration of labile Cr(VI) in the soils was apparently controlled by barium chromate (BaCrO4) without barite (BaSO4) or by Cr-substituted barite [Ba(S,Cr)O4] in the presence of barite. The Boonville soil contained barite and a much lower concentration of labile Cr(VI) than the other soils. Based on the Cr oxidation rate and forms of Cr(VI), soils with a low content of reactive Mn oxide, high pH, and barite was recommended for field testing as safe land di...
Reactions of the Terminal NiII–OH Group in Substitution and Electrophilic Reactions with Carbon Dioxide and Other Substrates: Structural Definition of Binding Modes in an Intramolecular NiII…FeII Bridged Site

A singular feature of the catalytic C-cluster of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase is a sulfide-bridged Ni...Fe locus where substrate is bound and transformed in the reversible reaction CO + H(2)O right harpoon over left harpoon CO(2) + 2H(+) + 2e(-). A similar structure has been sought in this work. Mononuclear planar Ni(II) complexes [Ni(pyN(2)(Me2))L](1-) (pyN(2)(Me2) = bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate(2-)) derived from a NNN pincer ligand have been prepared including L = OH(-) (1) and CN(-) (7). Complex 1 reacts with ethyl formate and CO(2) to form unidentate L = HCO(2)(-) (5) and HCO(3)(-) (6) products. A binucleating macrocycle was prepared which specifically binds Ni(II) at a NNN pincer site and five-coordinate Fe(II) at a triamine site. The Ni(II) macrocyle forms hydroxo (14) and cyanide complexes (15) analogous to 1 and 7. Reaction of 14 with FeCl(2) alone and with ethyl formate and 15 with FeCl(2) affords molecules with the Ni(II)-L-Fe(II) bridge unit in which L = mu(2):eta(1)-OH(-) (17) and mu(2):eta(2)-HCO(2)(-) (18) and -CN(-) (19). All bridges are nonlinear (17, 140.0 degrees ; 18, M-O-C 135.9 degrees (Ni), 120.2 degrees (Fe); 19, Ni-C-N 170.3 degrees , Fe-N-C 141.8 degrees ) with Ni...Fe separations of 3.7-4.8 A. The Ni(II)Fe(II) complexes, lacking appropriate Ni-Fe-S cluster structures, are not site analogues, but their synthesis and reactivity provide the first demonstration that molecular Ni(II)...Fe(II) sites and bridges can be attained, a necessity in the biomimetic chemistry of C-clusters.
Minimizing the sum of absolute deviations about a common due date for the two-machine flow shop problem

Abstract This paper deals with the minimization of the sum of absolute deviations (SAD) of job completion times from a common due date for the two-machine flow shop problem. The problem is mathematically modelled using a mixed integer programming formulation. Heuristic solution methods are developed and the performance of each heuristic is compared with the optimal solution for data sets with a small number of jobs. Three heuristics are selected as the best performing and are compared with each other using larger data sets. The methodology is also compared with available two-machine methods for other criteria. It is shown that the SAD criterion is not generally compatible with other criteria. This paper is the first extension of the SAD criterion to the two-machine case.
XLI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—CLXXXITI

(1939). XLI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—CLXXIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 3, No. 15, pp. 359-369.
Physical Activity: Depression, Anxiety, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease: What's the Connection?:

Depression and anxiety are major public health problems and have been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence and incidence of depression and anxiety a...
The "Rehabilitation" of Howard Brenton

Janelle Reinelt explores playwright Howard Brenton's return to Britain's national stages after almost a decade's absence, discussing recent productions that address the fraught relationship between religious belief and human conduct. Joshua Chambers-Letson contemplates the queer politics of failure in regard to Nao Bustamante's Hero, which challenges the value of “normality” via the possibility of a communal being-in-failure for queers, people of color, and other nonnormative subjects. Engaging South Africa's 2006 National Arts Festival, Daniel Larlham addresses the country's national transformations through its changing artistic landscape, newly opened to a variety of imaginative, discursive, and affective spaces in which a communal historical consciousness might develop.
Policy issues for retail Beamed Power transmission

This paper discusses the interaction of technology and policy in enabling widespread rural access to clean solar electric power using retail delivery of beamed power. Recent advances in power beaming have made it possible to deliver electric power to off-grid locations using millimeter-wave beams and compact, efficient transmitters and receivers. The research question is how to bring about the public policy initiatives needed to enable widespread adoption of this clean and sustainable contribution to meeting energy needs. It is seen that this question leads to synergy between three national priorities: (a) the campaign to control global climate change, (b) the drive to improve air quality, and (c) the need for increased availability of energy for development. A benefit of the Beamed Power approach is that retail power transfer using beamed power will facilitate the realization the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the United State's vision for the modern grid.
Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of the persistently aggressive psychotic patient: methodological concerns

Aggressive behavior of psychotic patients impacts all aspects of their clinical care. Better treatments to address this problem are needed, and atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, risperidone, and perhaps quetiapine, have shown promise. However, studying the psychopharmacology of aggression is difficult because of the many methodological problems that arise in the design of appropriate clinical trials. These include imprecise definitions of aggression, the difficulty of measuring outcome because of the relative rarity of aggressive events, bias in the selection of patients for study, inadequate and inappropriate control groups, and inattention to comorbidities and concomitant medications in analyzing results. Since the usual outcome measure is the aggressive event rate, a large sample size and lengthy baseline and trial periods are required when this rate is low. Furthermore, formidable practical and ethical obstacles interfere with the many sound techniques (e.g. randomization) used in typical designs of psychopharmacological clinical trials. Current research methods should be modified and new ones developed in order to progress in assessing the antiaggressive effects of treatments.
Solid-state 17O NMR study of benzoic acid adsorption on metal oxide surfaces

Solid-state (17)O NMR spectra of (17)O-labeled benzoic and anisic acids are reported and benzoic acid is used to probe the surface of metal oxides. Complexes formed when benzoic acid is dry mixed with mesoporous silica, and nonporous titania and alumina are characterized. Chemical reactions with silica are not observed. The nature of benzoic acid on silica is a function of the water content of the oxide. The acid disperses in the pores of the silica if the silica is in equilibrium with ambient laboratory humidity. The acid displays high mobility as evidenced by a liquid-like, Lorentzian resonance. Excess benzoic acid remains as the crystalline hydrogen-bonded dimer. Benzoic acid reacts with titania and alumina surfaces in equilibrium with laboratory air to form the corresponding titanium and aluminum benzoates. In both materials the oxygen of the (17)O-labeled acid is bound to the metal, showing the reaction proceeds by bond formation between oxygen deficient metal sites and the oxygen of the carboxylic acid. (27)Al MAS NMR confirms this mechanism for the reaction on alumina. Dry mixing of benzoic acid with alumina rapidly quenches pentacoordinate aluminum sites, excellent evidence that these sites are confined to the surface of the alumina particles.
Factors influencing local membrane curvature induction by N-BAR domains as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations.

N-BAR domains are protein modules that bind to and induce curvature in membranes via a charged concave surface and N-terminal amphipathic helices. Recently, molecular dynamics simulations have demonstrated that the N-BAR domain can induce a strong local curvature that matches the curvature of the BAR domain surface facing the bilayer. Here we present further molecular dynamics simulations that examine in greater detail the roles of the concave surface and amphipathic helices in driving local membrane curvature. We find that the strong curvature induction observed in our previous simulations requires the stable presentation of the charged concave surface to the membrane and is not driven by the membrane-embedded amphipathic helices. Nevertheless, without these amphipathic helices embedded in the membrane, the N-BAR domain does not maintain a close association with the bilayer, and fails to drive membrane curvature. Increasing the membrane negative charge through the addition of PIP2 facilitates closer association with the membrane in the absence of embedded helices. At sufficiently high concentrations, amphipathic helices embedded in the membrane drive membrane curvature independently of the BAR domain.
Total Maximum Daily Load Criteria Assessment Using Monitoring and Modeling Data

Applications of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) criteria for complex estuarine systems like Chesapeake Bay have been limited by difficulties in estimating precisely how changes in input loads will impact ambient water quality. A method to deal with this limitation combines the strengths of the Chesapeake Bay's Water Quality Sediment Transport Model (WQSTM), which simulates load response, and the Chesapeake Bay Program's robust historical monitoring dataset. The method uses linear regression to apply simulated relative load responses to historical observations of water quality at a given location and time. Steps to optimize the application of regression analysis were to: (1) determine the best temporal and spatial scale for applying the WQSTM scenarios, (2) determine whether the WQSTM method remained valid with significant perturbation from calibration conditions, and (3) evaluate the need for log transformation of both dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a (CHL) datasets. The final method used simple linear regression at the single month, single WQSTM grid cell scale to quantify changes in DO and CHL resulting from simulated load reduction scenarios. The resulting linear equations were applied to historical monitoring data to produce a set of “scenario-modified” DO or CHL concentration estimates. The utility of the regression method was validated by its ability to estimate progressively increasing attainment in support of the 2010 Chesapeake Bay TMDL.
Outcomes of bladder neck closure for intractable urinary incontinence in patients with neurogenic bladders.

Objective: Recent reports of outcomes of bladder neck closure for neu- rogenic urinary incontinence reveal poor initial continence and high vesicourethral fistula rates. We evaluated a large series of patients who underwent complete tran- section and closure of the bladder neck with modified abdominal stoma creation. Materials and methods: The medical records of 52 consecutive patients (23 males and 29 females) undergoing bladder neck closure by a single surgeon between July 1996 and January 2003 were reviewed. Mean follow up was 20 months (range 2e68 months) and mean age was 13.9 years (range 1.5e58 years). Forty-two patients (81%) underwent concomitant bladder augmentation. Catheterizable stomas included 46 appendicovesicostomies (88%) and six Monti tubes (12%). Of the 52 patients, 22 were confined to wheelchairs (42%), and the majority of patients had spinal cord pathology (40/52, 77%). Mean preoperative vesical leak point pressure was 25 cm/H2O (range 4e69 cm/H2O). Results: Complete postoperative urinary continence was achieved in 44 patients (88%) after one procedure. Of the six patients who were incontinent (12%), one had a vesicourethral fistula (2%) and five had incontinence at the urinary diversion stoma (10%). Twelve of 50 patients had urinary stomal stenosis (24%), with six requiring urgent evaluation (12%) and six requiring surgical revision (12%). Post- operative urinary continence was unknown in two patients due to inadequate follow-up data.
The role of three cytoplasmic fibers in BHK-21 cell motility. I. Microtubules and the effects of colchicine.

Microtubule breakdown in the presence of 5 or 40 µg/ml of colchicine is observed in BHK-21/C13 fibroblast-like cells. Several morphological and physiological effects are noted in the absence of microtubules: (a) the cells transform from fibroblast-like to epithelial-like cells; (b) the normal pattern of intracellular birefringence changes and a juxtanuclear cap of birefringent filaments is formed; (c) time-lapse cinematography demonstrates that cell locomotion is inhibited in colchicine-treated cells, even though membrane ruffling persists. The results are discussed in terms of the specific roles of microtubules in cultured cell motility and possible functional relationships of the three types of cytoplasmic fibers seen in BHK-21 cells.
Frequency and Effects on Production of Blind Quarters in First Lactation Dairy Cows

Abstract During 1959 to 1979, 38 of 1177 cattle in first lactation freshened in the University of Florida herd with one or more nonfunctional quarters (48 total quarters). Detailed examination of five quarters diagnosed as blind gave presumptive evidence that blindness was caused by failure to develop duct tissue rather than ductal obliteration from infection. Effects of season and year of parturition and their interactions could not be detected on either the presence of one or more blind quarters or the number of blind quarters. Slight increases in each occurred with advancing age at parturition (.23% and .10 per mo). Breed effects were detected with Holstein and Holstein crossbreds having higher frequencies. Within breed heritability was 0, however. Loss of milk associated with one blind quarter was 558kg (16.2% of overall mean), but most of this loss was from shorter lactations resulting from earlier culling. Adjusted to constant length of record, milk yield loss was 59kg (1.7% of mean). In view of absence of additive genetic variance within breed, management practices needed to reduce frequencies of nonmastitic blindness warrant additional investigation.
Cervical Cancer Screening in Immunocompromised Women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that is associated with increased risk of anogenital cancers in immunosuppressed hosts. The behavior of HPV infection is controlled by the systemic immune system response as well as the local tissue immune system to the HPV virus. Individuals with a depressed immune system, either by viral infection (such as human immunodeficiency virus) or by chronic immunosuppressive agents (such as transplant recipients or patients with autoimmune disease) are at an increased risk of HPV-associated malignancies. This article addresses the data and limitations in developing evidence-driven guidelines for cervical cancer screening in immunocompromised women.
Magellanic type galaxies throughout the Universe

The Magellanic Clouds are often characterized as “irregular” galaxies, a term that implies an overall lack of organized structure. While this may be a fitting description of the Small Cloud, the Large Magellanic Cloud, contrary to popular opinion, should not be considered an irregular galaxy. It is characterized by a distinctive morphology of having an offset stellar bar and single spiral arm. Such morphology is relatively common in galaxies of similar mass throughout the local Universe, although explaining the origin of these features has proven challenging. Through a number of recent studies we are beginning to get a better grasp on what it means to be a Magellanic spiral. One key result of these works is that we now recognize that the most unique aspect of the Magellanic Clouds is not their structure, but, rather, their proximity to a larger spiral such as the Milky Way.
Computation and measurement of calandria tube sag in pressurized heavy water reactor

Calandria tubes and liquid injection shutdown system nozzles in a pressurized heavy water reactor are to sag due to irradiation creep and growth during plant operation. When the sag of calandria tube becomes bigger, the calandria tube possibly comes in contact with liquid injection shutdown system tube crossing beneath the calandria tube. The contact subsequently may cause the damage on the calandria tube resulting in unpredicted outage of the plant. It is therefore necessary to check the gap between the two tubes in order to periodically confirm no contact by using a proper measure during the plant life. An ultrasonic gap measurement probe assembly which can be inserted into two viewing ports of the calandria was developed in Korea and utilized to measure the sag between both tubes in the reactor. It was found that the centerlines of calandria tubes and liquid injection shutdown system tubes can be precisely detected by ultrasonic wave. The gaps between two tubes were easily obtained from the relative distance of the measured centerline elevations of the tubes. Based on the irradiation creep equation and the measurement data, a computer program to calculate the sags was also developed. With the computer program, the sag at the end of plant life was predicted.
SABRE: A New NaI(T1) Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiment

SABRE (Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection) is a new NaI(Tl) experiment designed to test the DAMA/LIBRA claim for a positive WIMP-dark matter annual modulation signal. SABRE will consist of highly pure NaI(Tl) crystals in an active liquid scintillator veto that will be placed deep underground. The scintillator vessel will provide a veto against external backgrounds and those arising from detector components, especially the 3 keV signature from the decay of 40 K in the crystal. Through the use of crystal purification techniques and the veto, we aim for a 40 K background significantly lower than that of the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. We present our work developing low-background NaI(Tl) crystals using a highly pure NaI powder and the development of the veto. c
The Mysterious Power of Words: Language, Law, and Culture in Ottoman Damascus (17th-18th centuries)

Like other aspects of social life, speech and conversation have their own rich and intricate history. But even in fairly recent scholarship, they remain subjects which have gone largely unexplored, mostly due to the limitations in sources which face all researchers and grow ever more intractable as one travels further back in time. This article takes a fresh look at these problems by examining literary and legal materials from Ottoman Damascus in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It reconstructs patterns of speech and manners, and links them with different sets of ideals and social norms that prevailed throughout urban society in the early modern Middle East. Of particular interest are habits of cursing and swearing, which have left residual traces even in written sources. One critical issue is the relationship between language and law, which turns up most vividly in the use of oaths, which were very much a part of everyday speech. They demonstrate how townspeople treated words virtually as deeds, regarding them with a degree of literalism which may not have been present in other cultures such as Western Europe, where their use had become more restricted.