cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CC Chemokine Ligand 3 (CCL3) Regulates CD8+-T-Cell Effector Function and Migration following Viral Infection

Chemokines induce the directional migration of targeted populations of leukocytes during periods of inflammation. Moreover, these molecules also regulate T-cell activation and differentiation following antigenic stimulation. In the present study, the contributions of the CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) to the differentiation and migration of effector T cells in response to viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) were analyzed. CCL3(-/-) mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus exhibited a significant reduction of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells within the CNS, correlating with delayed viral clearance. Decreased infiltration of CD8(+) T cells into infected CCL3(-/-) mice was associated with enhanced accumulation of primed CD8(+) T cells in cervical lymph nodes. Although virus-specific CD8(+) T cells from CCL3(-/-) mice were CD44(high), they remained CD62L(high) and CD25(low), retained CCR7 expression, and contained limited transcripts of the proinflammatory chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 compared with virus-specific CD8(+) T cells from CCL3(+/+) mice. Furthermore, the absence of CCL3 impaired the cytokine production and cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T cells. In addition, macrophage accumulation within the CNS was significantly decreased in infected CCL3(-/-) mice, correlating with reduced demyelination. These results suggest that CCL3 not only mediates macrophage chemotaxis but also significantly enhances differentiation of primed CD8(+) T cells into effector cells and their release into circulation, thus potentiating effective migration to the site of infection.
The Mass spectrum in a model with calculable dynamical supersymmetry breaking

Abstract Models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking are interesting because they may provide a solution to both the gauge hierarchy and the fine-tuning problems. However, because of strongly interacting dynamics, it is in general impossible to analyze them quantitatively. One of the few models with calculable dynamical supersymmetry breaking is a model with SU (5) gauge symmetry and two 10's and two 5 's as the matter content. We determine the ground state of this model, find the vaccum energy, reveal the symmetry breaking pattern and calculate the mass spectrum. The supertrace mass relation is exploited to verify the consistency of the calculated mass spectrum, and an accidental degeneracy is explained.
Review and reassessment of dosing schedules for cefotaxime in selected medical indications

Abstract Cefotaxime, the first widely used "third-generation" cephalosporin, has established efficacy against a variety of serious bacterial pathogens. Some of the initial clinical studies in the United States using this agent employed large doses of the compound, up to 12 glday, for adults. In contrast, however, initial European studies were largely with low doses of 1 to 2 g every 12 h. In the recent past, however, an effort has been made, both in the United States and in Europe to reevaluate the dosage of cefotaxime. In various clinical studies, lower doses of cefotaxime have been successfully employed for infections of the urinary tract, peritoneum, biliary tract, lung, and skin and soft tissues. The results of a number of these studies will be reviewed, including a large postmarketing surveillance study carried out in Germany during 1992. The results suggest that cefotaxime doses as low as 1 g, at intervals as long as every 12 h, can be adequate for treatment of the most commonly encountered infections, such as those caused by some hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus spp., and enteric bacilli in nonimmunocompromised patients.
Developmental changes in tomato fruit composition in response to water deficit and salinity

Processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B) plants were subjected to moderate levels of water deficit and salinity (Na2SO4/CaCl2) in sand culture. Fruit water content and the relative contributions of organic and inorganic constituents to fruit solute potential (Ψ) and soluble solids content were determined throughout development. Fruit Ψ averaged –0.63, –0.86 and –0.77 MPa in the control, salinity and water deficit plants, respectively. Reduced net water import and maintenance of solute accumulation, irrespective of water import, accounted for the reductions in Ψ of stressed fruits. Mineral ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO2-4) contributed –0.31 MPa to Ψ in salinized fruit, compared with –0.19 MPa in control and water deficit treatments. Changes in net carbon accumulation were not observed among treatments, despite considerable differences in fruit K+ status. Starch accumulation in immature fruit was increased and hexose accumulation was decreased by both salinity and water deficit. Maximum starch levels were negatively correlated with total fruit Ψ, but were independent of fruit K+. Organic acid levels were generally higher throughout development in salinized plants, relative to control plants, and correlated with increased inorganic cation rather than anion accumulation in these fruits.
Highly conductive polymers: superconductivity in nanochannels or an experimental artifact?

There is a significant body of literature concerning the potential formation of electrically conductive moieties in polymeric materials. The conductive path is not associated with conjugation (such as in the case of ‘conductive polymers’) but rather associated with a new conductivity route. The objective of the experiments reported herein was to provide insight into the phenomenon of unusually high electrical conductivity in polymers that have been reported by several research groups. In some experiments, the test apparatus did indeed indicate high levels of conductance. Arguments pro and con for high conductivity based on known physical phenomena and the collected data were examined.
Relative importance of choline transport to spontaneous and potassium depolarized release of ACh.

—The importance of extracellular choline transport to spontaneous and K+ depolarized release of ACh was studied using mouse brain cortex minces. The results suggest that extracellular choline transport is not essential to spontaneously released ACh but is essential to K+ depolarized ACh release. Similar cumulative amounts of choline and ACh were found in the incubation media following incubation of minces in either Krebs or 35 mm-K+ Krebs suggesting the same production of free choline during both conditions. Double reciprocal plots of choline accumulation by non-depolarized cortex minces yield high and low affinity components. Conversely, similar analysis of choline accumulation by depolarized minces yields a single Michaelis constant (68 μm) similar to the low affinity (50 μm) Michaelis constant determined for choline accumulation by non-depolarized minces. Kinetic analysis of ACh release as a function of extracellular choline concentration during K+ depolarization also yields a Michaelis constant of 68 μm These data suggest a link between choline transport and ACh release during K+ depolarization.
Taxonomies and triads: Conceptual organization in one- to two-year-olds

Abstract A tradition of research on conceptual development has suggested a shift from a thematic to a taxonomic basis of organization near the end of the preschool years. Recent research has demonstrated an increase in taxonomic responding in preschool-age subjects with provision of novel labels for to-be-classified targets. The effect is interpreted as the result of a cognitive constraint on the possible meanings of new words. In the present series of four experiments, 16- to 31-month-olds responded to a forced-choice object-triad task. Across the age range, subjects responded taxonomically at well above chance levels. Subjects as young as 16 months responded taxonomically 72% of the time on basic-level triads; subjects as young as 19 months responded taxonomically 87% of the time on both basic- and superordinate-level triads. The already high rate of taxonomic responding was not affected by novel labels. In control experiments, subjects demonstrated familiarity with the thematic associates depicted in the test triads. In all four experiments, nonverbal reinforcement was used to unambiguously convey task instructions and to remind subjects of them on each trial. We suggest that verbal labels may accomplish the same end for older preschoolers. Thus, the effect of labeling, rather than being language specific, may be a more general effect of reminding subjects of the requirements of the task.
Organelle Size Scaling of the Budding Yeast Vacuole Is Tuned by Membrane Trafficking Rates

Organelles serve as biochemical reactors in the cell, and often display characteristic scaling trends with cell size, suggesting mechanisms that coordinate their sizes. In this study, we measure the vacuole-cell size scaling trends in budding yeast using optical microscopy and a novel, to our knowledge, image analysis algorithm. Vacuole volume and surface area both show characteristic scaling trends with respect to cell size that are consistent among different strains. Rapamycin treatment was found to increase vacuole-cell size scaling trends for both volume and surface area. Unexpectedly, these increases did not depend on macroautophagy, as similar increases in vacuole size were observed in the autophagy deficient mutants atg1Δ and atg5Δ. Rather, rapamycin appears to act on vacuole size by inhibiting retrograde membrane trafficking, as the atg18Δ mutant, which is defective in retrograde trafficking, shows similar vacuole size scaling to rapamycin-treated cells and is itself insensitive to rapamycin treatment. Disruption of anterograde membrane trafficking in the apl5Δ mutant leads to complementary changes in vacuole size scaling. These quantitative results lead to a simple model for vacuole size scaling based on proportionality between cell growth rates and vacuole growth rates.
Homeopathy, a “helpful placebo”; or an unethical intervention? Edzard Ernst Reply

In the letter of 3 November 2009, Ezard Ernst claims that there are only two possible descriptions for homeopathy: it is either a ‘helpful placebo’ or an ‘unethical intervention’. In fact, neither of these descriptions is accurate.Ernst argues that because homeopathic medicines are at ultramolecular dilutions, they cannot have a specific effect. In fact, this only precludes a biochemical mode of action; in the 21st century with advances in biophysics it should not be too much of a stretch for any scientist to accept the possibility that a medicine might interact with the body energetically rather than chemically. Indeed, there is in vitro evidence to support such a hypothesis [1xElectromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial DNA sequences. Montagnier, L. et al. Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci. 2009; 1: 81–90Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (108)See all References][1], and to demonstrate biological effects of ultra-high dilutions [2xThe in vitro evidence for an effect of high homeopathic potencies – a systematic review of the literature. Witt, C.M., Bluth, M., Albrecht, H. et al. Complement. Ther. Med. 2007; 15: 128–138Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (87)See all References, 3xThe metamorphosis of amphibians and information of thyroxine. Endler, P.C., Heckmann, C., Lauppert, E. et al. See all References].Ernst debates whether it is ethical for homeopaths to use a placebo if they know it is only a placebo. This debate is irrelevant; homeopaths know they are providing more than a placebo, both from their own clinical experience with babies and young children, and from the results of high-quality studies that took into account both regression to the mean and the placebo effect; 74 of 147 high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing homeopathy with placebo or conventional treatment have been able to draw firm conclusions: 63 were positive for homeopathy and 11 were negative [Mathie, R. (2009) Clinical research evidence in favour of homeopathy. www.britishhomeopathic.org/export/sites/bha_site/research/evidence-by-condition-refs.pdf].Results of 63:11 in favour of a true clinical effect would usually support the conclusion that the intervention is efficacious and therefore ethical; what is unethical is to view results differently simply because it is homeopathy that is being examined.The number of RCTs is small, but these results, especially when considered in the context of the complete evidence base for homeopathy (Mathie, R. The research evidence base for homeopathy. (2008) www.britishhomeopathic.org/export/sites/bha_site/research/evidencesummary.pdf) justify further academic enquiry. Meanwhile the only ethical path is for homeopaths to continue to provide this ‘helpful and effective intervention’, particularly in circumstances where patients have already exhausted all conventional treatment options.
First reported case of recurrent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy due to atrial flutter

The patient is a 61-year-old Caucasian male with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who presented in 2010 with 3 days of progressively worsening palpitations, chest tightness and shortness of breath. There was no history of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea or syncope. The remainder of the review of symptoms was unremarkable. There is no family history of premature sudden death. His medications were Aspirin, Metoprolol succinate, Lisinopril, Amlodipine and Atorvastatin. He first presented with an arrhythmia in 2007 with a 3-day history of palpitations and light-headedness and he was diagnosed with atrial flutter with 2:1 heart block and a heart rate of 150 beats/min. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed normal left ventricular (LV) size with moderately decreased LV systolic function, global hypokinesia and an ejection fraction (EF) of 35% (Fig. 1). There was no left atrial thrombus, hence, he received direct current cardioversion (DCCV) and was converted back to sinus rhythm. His baseline laboratories including thyroid function tests were within normal limits. The follow-up echocardiogram 2 months later revealed normal LV size and systolic function. He was therefore felt to have a resolved Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy (TIC) at that time and was treated with beta-blockers and aspirin after 1 month of warfarin. Figure 1. EF at presentation of each episode of tachyarrhythmia at 0, 10th and 40th month and subsequent recovery of EF after correction of each episode in 2nd, 14th and 42nd months, respectively. He had another episode of sustained …
Evaluation of cloudy data as stable references for climate research using AIRS and IRIS data

We explore the use cloudy data, including Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) in the tropical oceans for the evaluation of the absolute calibration accuracy and stability of infrared radiometers. For the evaluation of cloudy data we use random nadir samples. We illustrate the method with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data and data from the Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in the tropical oceans. AIRS is on the EOS Aqua satellite, which was launched in May 2002 and is expected to continue to produce high quality data until 2015. Two copies of IRIS flew on Nimbus satellites between April 1970 and January 1971. Based on inconsistencies between AIRS and IRIS data, the absolute accuracy of the IRIS data is about 1K, including a significant day/night bias. Part of the observed radiometric bias may have been introduced by quality control, which senses a temperature and spatial uniformity dependent degradation of instrument performance. The observed biases are larger than the 0.5K accuracy claimed in the literature. This absolute calibration uncertainty has to be taken into account in the analysis of changes in the more than 30 year time span between IRIS and AIRS, before they can be attributed to changes in the clouds or the climate. The method described in this paper can be applied retrospectively to any infrared radiometer like HIRS, AVHRR and GOES. It has the capability to exposes instrument artifacts, which are not apparent from the routine quality control of the data.
Adenosine mediates sedative action of various centrally active drugs

Adenosine and its analogs depress the firing of neurons in various brain regions. The primary mode of action of adenosine in exerting this action appears to be the depression of calcium entry, thus decreasing presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Adenosine uptake inhibitors and adenosine deaminase inhibitors potentiate the depressant actions of adenosine. Caffeine and theophylline, methylxanthines, antagonize these actions. Adenosine is therefore likely to be released and to exert an ongoing modulation of the neuron excitability in the intact brain. Adenosine uptake by nerve terminals appears to be important in regulating the extracellular concentration of adenosine and thus of adenosine's action. A number of groups of centrally active sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drugs inhibit adenosine uptake by brain synaptosomal preparations. It is proposed that these agents exert their sedative effects by inhibiting adenosine uptake and thus potentiating depressant actions by locally released adenosine on neuronal activity.
Approach to Determine Extent and Depth of Highway Flooding

Flooding and flash flooding pose serious infrastructure hazards to human populations in many parts of the world. During a flood, it is critical to identify road segments that are flooded so that rescue and response routes can be determined and rescue personnel and supplies can be distributed promptly. Presently there is not an information system that, given a specific flood level, can accurately predict flooded road segments and their depth and provide this information for rescue activities. This paper reports on a study to develop a prediction prototype to identify flooded road segments during a flood. It includes two tasks: determining flood extent and depth and identifying road segments that are flooded. Unlike a traditional approach, which determines flood extent and depth by comparing a water surface and a terrain surface, this study determines flood extent and depth using light detection and ranging data in a geographic information system. This flood extent and depth information is integrated with 3D road centerline data created in a related study. It is believed that the proposed prediction model and algorithms in this study can provide a practical and efficient approach to identify road segments that are flooded in a timely manner to help determine rescue routes. These models show promise. Additional research is required to fully validate the models.
Public spheres: ideas taking shape

Public Spheres is an asynchronous online deliberation web prototype inspired by argument maps. The interface allows creating a hierarchy of nested supporting and opposing arguments in a discussion and separates the evaluation of an argument's constructive writing quality from agreement with its content. A pilot study suggests strengths of the prototype, e.g., allowing accountability while maintaining anonymity of contributors, as well as weaknesses, e.g., a missing "neutral" category and not enough reuse of existing arguments.
Antiparkinsonian effects of caffeine depend upon pavlovian drug conditioning processes

Abstract Caffeine induces the antiparkinsonian response of contralateral rotation in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions following exposure to the direct-acting dopamine agonist apomorphine. This effect of caffeine has been attributed to a ‘priming’ effect of apomorphine which enables the supersensitive dopamine receptors to respond to caffeine and other methylxanthines. These studies, however, did not differentiate between conditioning and pharmacological variables. To resolve this issue, a Pavlovian conditioning procedure was employed in which separate groups of 6-OHDA rats were given 0.05 mg/kg (s.c.) apomorphine treatments paired or unpaired with a test environment. The animals in the paired or conditioning treatment groups subsequently exhibited contralateral rotation when tested with caffeine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), whereas animals in the unpaired or ‘priming’ treatment groups displayed only enhanced ipsilateral rotation. The activation of the conditioned contralateral rotation by caffeine in the paired group occurred even after the response was suppressed by extinction. This preferential activation following extinction of a previously conditioned drug response by caffeine implicates caffeine mechanisms (e.g. adenosine antagonism) in drug conditioning processes.
Familial Parkinsonism, Dementia, and Lewy body disease: Study of family G

Genetic influences are thought by many to play an important role in the cause of Parkinson's disease. We studied two closely intermarried families (Family G) whose ancestors immigrated to the United States from Russia. We investigated this family clinically, genealogically, and pathologically. Our pedigree contained 102 members spanning six generations, with 10 affected individuals and 1 affected spouse. Detailed telephone interviews were conducted with affected individuals, with their spouses, and with their at-risk siblings. Medical records of deceased and living affected patients were collected. Physical examinations were performed on 7 at-risk and 5 affected persons. Typical levodopa-responsive parkinsonism with bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and impaired postural reflexes was seen in 4 members, dementia was present in 3, and 3 had both dementia and parkinsonism. An autopsy completed on 1 individual, our index case, demonstrated Lewy bodies in the brainstem and neocortex and ubiquitin-positive neuritic degeneration in the CA2-3 region of the hippocampus, consistent with the limbic (transitional) form of Lewy body disease. This family is distinct both clinically and pathologically from several previously reported parkinsonian kindreds.
Proinflammatory cytokine expression in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient primary osteoblasts.

Many of the proinflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are mediated through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in COX-2–deficient osteoblasts during inflammation. Primary osteoblasts prepared from wild-type (WT) and COX-2 knockout (K/O) mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endodontic obturation materials. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cytokine levels. LPS treatment led to a significant upregulation in IL-1β and TNF-α levels in both WT and K/O cells. TNF-α upregulation in response to LPS was much more pronounced in K/O cells compared with WT cells (p < 0.05). All materials tested except for gutta percha caused an increase in IL-1β expression. In conclusion, there appears to be a positive feedback regulation between TNF-α and COX-2–dependent PGE2 during LPS-induced inflammatory reactions.
Reactions to job transfer by job type and career stage

In American industry, job transfer has been a common technique for staffing organizations and cross-training employees. Increasingly, employees have become reluctant to accept job transfers because of the potential for disruptions to their personal and family lives. In response, applied researchers have attempted to identify reliable employee reactions to job transfers. Empirical results have been inconsistent, however. These inconsistencies may be due, in part, to differences in the measurement of transfer and job types studied, and to a general atheoretical orientation. In this study, these two methodological problems were resolved empirically. Although a formal theory was not proposed, the concept of career stage showed promise as a new research direction. Implications are discussed.
How elephants grow: heterochrony and the calibration of developmental stages in some living and fossil species

ABSTRACT I present 1) baseline information on ontogeny in Recent elephants, and 2) some preliminary comparisons with fossil specimens. Relationships between size, state of skeletal fusion, and dental stage are similar in the two Recent species, Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus. Limb bones that complete epiphyseal fusion late in ontogeny also grow more in absolute terms. Growth and dental progression are linearly related and probably gradual with respect to time, whereas skeletal fusion appears to be concentrated within a short period. Females are small and advanced in skeletal fusion for their dental stages. Limb proportions in elephants change with increasing size: the scapula becomes longer relative to other bones, and the femur becomes longer relative to the tibia. Among L. africana, E. maximus, and Mammuthus columbi, animals similar in size have similar limb proportions; the largest individuals, of L. africana and M. columbi, have exaggerated proportions and are therefore peramorphic. One might ...
Spin generation away from boundaries by nonlinear transport

Spin polarization may be generated far from the boundaries of a sample by nonlinear effects of an electric current, in the presence of "extrinsic" spin-orbit interactions, even when such generation is forbidden in the linear regime. We present a Corbino model where spin accumulation results from a combination of current gradients, nonlinearity, and cubic anisotropy. Further, we show that even with isotropic conductivity, nonlinear effects in a low-symmetry sidearm geometry can generate spin polarization far away from boundaries. Finally, we find that drift from the boundaries dominates spin polarization patterns observed in recent experiments on $\mathrm{GaAs}$ by Sih et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 096605 (2006)].
Is the Best Practices Movement Consistent With the Values of the Counseling Profession? A Critical Analysis of Best Practices Ideology

The counseling profession has increasingly embraced a medicalized vision of counseling processes. The latest manifestation of this vision is the best practices (BP) movement. This movement is critically examined to determine if it is consistent with the traditional values of the counseling profession. The author concludes that BP ideology is inconsistent with the value the counseling profession has traditionally placed on the counseling relationship and diversity.
The Mimetic Methods Toolkit: An object-oriented API for Mimetic Finite Differences

Abstract We introduce the Mimetic Methods Toolkit (MTK), an object-oriented Application Programming Interface, implementing Mimetic Finite Differences to assist in the development of scientific applications where the numerical solution of Partial Differential Equations is required. The MTK’s design is based on a variant of the Castillo–Grone Method for the construction of discrete differential operators that mimic important properties of their continuous counterparts. The MTK is built as a collection of abstract and concrete classes, thus allowing for an extensible framework, which fosters code reutilization, while intuitively educating the user about the theoretical aspects of Mimetic Finite Differences. We present an overview to Mimetic Finite Differences, and we discuss the computational modeling of the related concepts; in this way, we explain how the MTK implements these methods. In this article, we present examples to illustrate the MTK’s usage philosophy and the validity of the implementation of the MTK by comparing our results with previously studied reference solutions.
Time dynamics of overlapping e-auction mechanisms: Information transfer, strategic user behavior and auction revenue

This paper investigates the time dynamics of user strategic patterns and resulting welfares in a series of overlapping multiple online auctions. An auction mechanism is a dynamic game where the valuation and strategic space of bidders determine the outcomes. When those mechanisms exist concurrently or in a series in a market environment, multiple sources are visible and accessible, such that there is likely to be a form of interdependency across the auctions. While heterogeneous bidder behavior has been studied in some literature, the focus is mainly on an individual auction level and the underlying dynamics regarding the interdependency across the auctions in the market has not been explained. We use a two-phased approach to address this discrepancy. First, we classify user strategy using k-means clustering. Then, we characterize the transition pattern of heterogeneous clusters using a dynamic systems framework. Long-term behavior of the system is effectively and efficiently predicted using system parameters. The empirically calibrated simulation, which supports the analytical properties, provides managerial insights in designing multiple overlapping online auction market.
Human heart transplantation. Experience with twelve cases.

Abstract Transplantation of the human heart is rapidly becoming an accepted method for rehabilitation of patients with end-stage heart disease and incurable congenital defects. This report is concerned with 12 cases of human cardiac transplantation. All 11 patients receiving allografts survived operation with normal circulation provided by the transplanted heart. In 1 of these patients the lungs still attached to the heart were also transplanted. One xenograft (sheep's heart) was placed in a terminal patient in a desperate attempt to prolong life and resulted in failure from hyperacute rejection. Immunosuppressive therapy in all allograft recipients consisted of azathioprine, corticosteroids and antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). One patient died 54 hours later from pneumonia. In 1 moribund patient the transplanted heart functioned well for eight days, and death was secondary to preexisting disease. A 5 year old child had an uneventful early recovery and died suddenly eight days after operation with evidence of organ rejection. The 2 month old infant died 14 hours after transplantation of the heart and lungs. The remaining 7 patients have excellent hemodynamic function of their transplanted hearts up to four and a half months after operation. This experience confirms the feasibility of human heart transplantation.
Evidence for Citations of 3 Corinthians and Their Influence in the Demonstrations of Aphrahat

Abstract Aphrahat, the Persian Sage (d. ca. 350 CE), is frequently referenced as a witness for the use of the pseudepigraphic text known as 3 Corinthians as authoritative Scripture in the early Syriac tradition. However, this claim is yet to be fully substantiated by means of a close comparison of the texts in question. The present article offers a textual analysis of Aphrahat’s alleged citations of 3 Cor in order to demonstrate that Aphrahat did in fact cite this text as the authoritative words of Paul. The article also provides broader observations concerning the impact of the language and thought of 3 Cor on Aphrahat’s writings.
Three Dimensional Measurements And Display Using A Robot Arm

The purpose of this paper is to describe a project which makes three dimensional measurements of an object using a robot arm. A program was written to determine the X-Y-Z coordinates of the end point of a Minimover-5 robot arm which was interfaced to a TRS-80 Model III microcomputer. This program was used in conjunction with computer graphics subroutines that draw a projected three dimensional object.. The robot arm was direc-ted to touch points on an object and then lines were drawn on the screen of the microcomputer between consecutive points as they were entered. A representation of the entire object is in this way constructed on the screen. The three dimensional graphics subroutines have the ability to rotate the projected object about any of the three axes, and to scale the object to any size. This project has applications in the computer-aided design and manufacturing fields because it can accurately measure the features of an irregularly shaped object.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A GENE ENCODING THE LIGHT-HARVESTING VIOLAXANTHIN-CHLOROPHYLL PROTEIN OF NANNOCHLOROPSIS SP. (EUSTIGMATOPHYCEAE)

In contrast to vascular plants, green algae, and diatoms, the major light-harvesting complex of the marine eustigmatophyte genus Nannochloropsis is a violaxanthin-chlorophyll a protein complex that lacks chlorophylls b and c. The isolation of a single polypeptide from the light-harvesting complex of Nannochloropsis sp. (IOLR strain) was previously reported (Sukenik et al. 1992). The NH2 -terminal amino acid sequence of this polypeptide was significantly similar to NH2 -terminal sequences of the light-harvesting fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c polypeptides from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Using polyclonal antibodies raised to the Nannochloropsis light-harvesting polypeptide, a gene encoding this polypeptide was isolated from a cDNA expression library. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Nannochloropsis violaxanthin-chlorophyll a polypeptide reveals a 36 amino acid presequence followed by 173 amino acids that constitute the mature polypeptide. The mature polypeptide has 30%-40% sequence identity to the diatom fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c polypeptides and less then 27% identity to the green algal and vascular plant light-harvesting chlorophyll polypeptides that bind both chlorophylls a and b. Its molecular mass, as deduced from the gene sequence, is 18.4 kDa with three putative transmembrane helices and several residues that may be involved in chlorophyll binding. The cDNA encoding the violaxanthin-chlorophyll a polypeptide was used to isolate and characterize a 10 kb genomic fragment containing the entire gene. The open reading frame was interrupted by five introns ranging in size from 123 to 449 bp. The intron borders have typical eukaryotic GT … AG sequences.
The Effects of Sodium and Potassium on Ouabain Binding by Human Erythrocytes

Ouabain binding by the human erythrocyte membrane is reversible, exhibits a high degree of chemical specificity, and can be detected at ouabain concentrations as low as 1 x 10-10M. The relation between ouabain binding and ouabain concentration can be described by a rectangular hyperbola permitting determination of the maximal binding (Bmax) and the ouabain concentration at which ouabain binding is half-maximal (KB). Reducing the external sodium concentration increased KB, while reducing the external potassium concentration decreased KB. Neither cation altered Bmax The reciprocal of KB was a linear function of the sodium concentration at sodium concentrations ranging from 0 to 150 mM. Conversely, the relation between the reciprocal of KB and the external potassium concentration was nonlinear, and raising the potassium concentration above 4 mM produced no further increase in KB. These results are compatible with a model which postulates that the erythrocyte membrane contains a finite number of receptors each composed of a glycoside-binding site and a cation-binding site. When sodium occupies the cation-binding site, the affinity of the glycoside site for ouabain is increased; when potassium occupies the cation-binding site the affinity of the glycoside site for ouabain is decreased.
Basic FGF-induced Down-regulation of IGF-I mRNA in Cultured Rat Müller Cells

Abstract Interactions among growth factors are important in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The regulation of IGF-I mRNA expression by bFGF was investigated in cultured rat Muller cells and the mechanism of regulation studied. Muller cells from 1- to 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured with Eagle MEM+10% FCS. Cultured cells were identified by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against vimentin, carbonic anhydrase C, and glutamine synthetase. Cells of passage 1–4 were treated with bFGF, the PKC inhibitor H-7, calphostin C, the PKC activator PMA or the PKA inhibitor H-89, as well as the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, or adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536. IGF-I and bFGF expression levels were assessed by Northern blot analysis. The addition of bFGF to culture medium down-regulated IGF-I expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Decrease of IGF-I expression started at a bFGF concentration of 1 ng ml −1 . IGF-I mRNA level declined to 44% of baseline level at 10 ng ml −1 of bFGF, and reached a trough of 40% at 50 ng ml −1 . At 10 ng ml −1 of bFGF, down-regulation of IGF-I expression was observed as early as 4 hr (60%) after treatment, and reached a trough of 42% by 8 hr. The temporal and concentration dependence of IGF-I expression by addition of the PKC activator PMA, to culture medium was similar to that due to the addition of bFGF. The down-regulation of IGF-I expression by bFGF (10 ng ml −1 ) and PMA (0.1 μ m ) was blocked by the PKC inhibitors H-7 (30 μ m ) and calphostin C (1 μ m ). Forskolin (5 μ m ), an adenylate cyclase activator, had no effect on IGF-I expression. SQ22536 (100 μ m ), an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, and H-89, a PKA inhibitor, had no inhibitory effect on bFGF-induced down-regulation of IGF-I expression. These results indicate that bFGF down-regulates IGF-I expression in cultured rat Muller cells through PKC activation.
The Economic Impact of Industry on Coastal and Off-Shore Areas

Along with many changes that are taking place in the various fields of industrial development, what about the increasing confrontations with complex economic, political and environmental changes occurring with respect to coastal and offshore areas? The energy crisis alone raises serious questions which are of vital concern to these disciplines. New demands for maintaining and improving the quality of the coastal environment are raising perplexing questions for science and technology. Indeed, the exploitation of coastal resources poses problems of tremendous significance. In developing nations, the conflict between industrialization and urbanization on the one hand and ecological understanding and developmental restraint on the other is fairly well defined where land and water meet at the edge of the sea. There is certainly a need to keep in balance the requirements of the economy and the imperatives of the ecology. This paper reviews some of the exploitation threats by private enterprise and raises the challenge of a widening concern for solutions to these questions.
Gas chromatographic determination of thymol.

Abstract Thymol in biological samples is analyzed by gas chromatography utilizing a 5% OV-25 column, a flame ionization detector, and eugenol as an internal standard. Samples are extracted with diethyl ether and analyzed without derivatization. The lower limit of detection of thymol in a sample is about 0.01 μg and quantitation is satisfactory in plasma at 0.05 μ g 2 ml . Data was recorded digitally on magnetic tape and calculated off-line at a central facility.
Calorimetric Study of Liquid Crystalline Behavior for some 9,19–Cyclopropane Tetracyclic Triterpene Palmitatest

A calorimetric investigation has been made of the mesomorphic behavior for the palmitate esters for four tetracyclic triterpenes-pollinastanol, 31-norcycloartanol, cyclaoartanol, and cyclorartenol....
Isolation of bovine aortic endothelial cell plasma membranes: identification of membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins.

The plasma membrane of bovine aortic endothelium was isolated, characterized, and found to contain at least four membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins. Exposure of the plasma membranes to salt media (up to 1M KCl) resulted in the release of 30% of the total plasma membrane-associated proteins and extraction with 1% Triton X-100, 60%. At least four heavily glycosylated bands (185-, 165-, 150-, and 130,000 mol-wt) were evident. The Triton-insoluble pellet fraction contained several major polypeptides (30-, 43-, 58-, and 240,000 mol-wt), two of which were identified by immunoblotting as cytoplasmic actin (43,000 mol-wt) and vimentin (58,000 mol-wt). Strikingly, vimentin and a 240,000 mol-wt polypeptide were routinely present in approximately a mole ratio of 4:1 in more than 60% of the plasma membrane preparations. We also report the presence of a 2.1-like and a 4.1-like protein associated with plasma membranes. The 2.1-like protein demonstrated similar solubilities and apparent molecular weight (210,000) as erythroid protein 2.1. Likewise, the endothelial 4.1-like protein exhibited similar solubilities and apparent molecular weight as erythroid protein 4.1. Immunofluorescence staining of fixed and permeabilized cultures with anti-2.1 antibodies showed a fibrillar pattern. In contrast, cells stained with anti-protein 4.1 were brightly fluorescent, bearing both a diffuse and punctate pattern. This paper presents severalnovel observations pertaining to the composition of bovine aortic endothelial cell plasma membranes, namely: (1) the presence of two erythroid-like cytoskeletal polypeptides; (2) the presence of vimentin and a 240,000 mol-wt polypeptide in a 4:1 mole ratio in more than 60% of the plasma membrane preparations and the co-elutionin a 4:1 mol ratio with a protein perturbant; and (3) the inability to release actin from the plasma membrane preparations, suggesting the association of actin with other molecules in the plasma membrane preparation.
On equity with public goods

Existence theorems for envy-free and efficient allocations are derived for economies with public goods. For economies with an arbitrary but finite number of private and public goods, an adaptation of the existence proof of Svensson for private good economies is used. For economies with one private and one public good, a case often studied in theory and applications, two more direct proofs are given, using different conditions and taking advantage of the particularly simple structure of the set of envy-free allocations in this case. These proofs are also shown to apply to the case of excludable public goods with congestion.
IPUMS-CPS: An integrated version of the March Current Population Survey, 1962-2002

Abstract The Minnesota Population Center (MPC) is creating an integrated version of the March U.S. Current Population Survey (CPS) covering the years 1962–2002. The CPS is one of the few comprehensive data sources available for researching social and economic trends between decennial censuses. The survey also includes useful information—such as employment patterns and participation in social welfare programs—that is not available in the census. The new database will be compatible with the decennial census data available in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS). For variables found in both sources, the integrated CPS will use IPUMS codes, and the documentation and data access system for the CPS data will be based on IPUMS principles and infrastructure.
Characterization of flow in the HET enclosure following ventilation and application of low-emissive coatings

In 2002 the method of thermal control within the HET enclosure was dramatically changed by the installation of 300 square meters of ventilated area to the stationary walls below the rotating dome. During the month of July 2003 a nightly study of the airflow was undertaken at the HET. While dome seeing has shown substantial improvement, this study revealed a number of counter intuitive flow modes which indicate that additional seeing improvements can be achieved by selective ventilation of the HET dome above the ring-wall. Additional study of dome seeing revealed substantial sub-cooling of the dome skin. Measurements of the skin temperature of the un-insulated dome revealed night-time cooling of local ambient air by as much as 3.6° C. An investigation of coating alternatives resulted in the application of aluminum foil tape, which reduced the temperature drop to 0.3° C. Presently, the performance of the HET (as low as EE50=0.8 arc-seconds) is not thought to be limited by dome seeing.
Preferred DNA sites are involved in the arrest and initiation of DNA synthesis during replication of SV40 DNA

Previous analysis of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication revealed a 2-4 fold excess of DNA molecules that were 90 +/- 2% replicated, demonstrating that replication forks accumulate near the termination site. To determine whether replication is arrested at specific DNA sites, forks were located on the SV40 genome by specifically 32P labelling 3' ends of nascent DNA on purified replicating SV40 DNA, isolating the longest 32P-DNA chains, annealing them to SV40 DNA and then digesting them with a restriction endonuclease that cut near the terminatin site. 32P-DNA fragments of several discrete lengths were released, demonstrating that replication forks on native chromosomes were arrested at preferred sites on the DNA. Most forks were arrested when bidirectional DNA replication was 91% completed, and the two forks were separated by about 470 bp of unreplicated DNA centered at the expected termination site. Forks were also arrested at other locations such that the center of the termination region defined by DNA arrest sites varied by +/- 450 bp. Electron microscopic analysis of replicating DNA suggested that such variation may result from asynchronous arrival of some replication forks. Analysis of 5' end-labeled nascent DNA demonstrated that initiation of Okazaki fragments was also promoted at preferred DNA sites (about 100-120 per genome). Thus specific DNA sequences appear to be utilized throughout DNA replication, not just at the origin.
Evaluation of 2-photon ionization spectroscope as a probe of NO ground state population distributions

Abstract We present a critical evaluation of the use of 2-photon ionization spectroscopy as a probe of NO ground state populations. The experimental simplifications which result from saturating the intermediate A 2 Σ + ← X 2 Π transition are discussed, as are the criteria for establishing saturation. We also present experimental results which confirm the hypothesis that ionization is the rate limiting step in this 2-photon ionization process and discuss its application to trace impurity analysis in gases.
Application of the Graphite Monochromator to Light Element X-Ray Spectroscopy

The use of highly oriented graphite as a monochromator was recently discussed by Sparks, and has been found to be highly suitable for light-element (Z≥15) x-ray, spectroscopy. This paper compares the diffracting power of the graphite monochromator with ethylenediamine-d-tantrate and LiF.
F-actin is required for spindle anchoring and rotation in Xenopus oocytes: a re-examination of the effects of cytochalasin B on oocyte maturation

We used confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to examine spindle migration, morphology and orientation during the maturation of Xenopus oocytes, in the presence or absence of cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of actin assembly. Treatment with CB during maturation (10-50 micrograms/ml beginning 0-3 h prior to addition of progesterone) disrupted the normal organisation of the novel MTOC and transient microtubule array (MTOC-TMA complex) that serves as the immediate precursor of the first meiotic spindle, suggesting that F-actin plays an important role in the assembly or maintenance of this complex. However, CB treatment did not block translocation of the MTOC-TMA complex to the oocyte cortex, suggesting that MTOC-TMA translocation is not dependent on an actin-based mechanism. Bipolar spindles were observed in CB-treated oocytes fixed during both M1 and M2. However, rotation of the M1 and M2 spindles into an orientation orthogonal to the oocyte surface was inhibited by CB. Rhodamine-phalloidin revealed a concentration of F-actin at the site of M1 spindle attachment, further suggesting that cortical actin is required for anchoring and rotation of the meiotic spindles. Finally, the incidence of M1 monasters was significantly increased in CB-treated oocytes, suggesting that interactions between the nascent M1 spindle and cortex are dependent on F-actin.