cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Law Enforcement: A Look into the Future:

A paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Convention of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (“Two Hundred Years of Criminal Justice”)
Incorporating Diversity Content into Courses and Concerns about Teaching Culturally Diverse Students.

I examined concerns surrounding teaching culturally diverse students and attitudes toward incorporating diversity content into courses, held by a national sample of psychology educators (N = 91). F...
Absolute Infinite Flow Property

Motivated by the concept of the infinite flow property, in this chapter we introduce the concept of absolute infinite flow property and extend some of the results developed so far. Our discussion in this chapter is restricted to deterministic chains and deterministic dynamics.
Transparency and business in international law: Governance between norm and technique

This essay considers transparency and business in international law as a matter of the dynamic tension between norm and technique in the management of systems and the masses of the population they serve. It is divided into two parts. After this Introduction, Part II critically examines transparency in international and transnational regulatory and governance regimes. It considers both hard and soft law frameworks. Section II. A considers public sources of transparency regulation, concentrating on two: the OECD framework and the recently endorsed Guiding Principles of Business and Human Rights. Sections II.B through II.D examine transparency and governance beyond the state, considering (i) hybrid governance efforts represented by the ISO and Global Compact systems (Section II.B), (ii) private third party non-corporate governance regimes represented by the GRI and third-party certification programs (Section II.C), and (iii) private corporate governance transparency regimes (Section II.D). Part III then examines transparency in action. Part III.A explores environmental disclosure by BP before and after the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill of 2010. Section III.B examines Apple, Inc.’s transparency efforts in the context of managing the labor issues of its supply chains. Section III.C critically examines transparency as regulation and action within the framework developed in this Introduction, focusing particularly on the way in which the characteristics of transparency as norm, technique and property fundamentally shape both its character and the parameters within which reform is possible.
SPICE Modeling of Insulator Metal Transition: Model of the Critical Temperature

This paper proposes a compact SPICE phenomenological model for insulator metal transition (IMT) devices. The proposed model captures the interplay of electric field and Joule heating to effect a transition from a high resistance insulating state to a low resistance metallic state. The model is corroborated against experimental results and electrothermal simulations available in the literature. The proposed model is implemented in Verilog-A and is fully compatible with commercial SPICE simulators such as Spectre from Cadence, used in this paper. An IMT-based artificial neuron is then designed and simulated using the proposed IMT compact model and design expressions for the operation of the proposed neuron are derived. The simulation results agree with the expected neuron behavior as well as the simulation results of other similar neurons proposed in the literature. This paper will enable circuit designers to design and simulate IMT-based systems and help them explore the full potential of such novel devices.
Interactions between oleate collector and alizarin modifier in dolomite/francolite flotation system

Using potassium oleate as a collector and alizarin red S as a modifying agent, selective depression of dolomite from francolite was achieved in an alkaline medium (pH > 9.0). Adsorption of alizarin red S alone on dolomite was found to be higher than that on francolite. Complimentary adsorption experiments of alizarin red S and oleate showed that oleate adsorprion was increased in the presence of alizaring red S. The results are explained in terms of comparative adsorption for the active sites on francolite and dolomite by oleate and alizarin red S and their interactions with dissolved mineral species in solution.
Multiple Trajectories in Anxious Solitary Youths: the Middle School Transition as a Turning Point in Development.

This study aimed to identify divergent patterns of individual continuity and change in anxious solitude (AS) in the last half of elementary school (3rd – 5th grade) and the first two years of middle school (6th – 7th grade), and test predictors and outcomes of these pathways. Participants were 688 youths (girls n = 354, 51.5%; M age at outset = 8.66 years, SD = 0.50). Latent class growth analyses identified two AS trajectory classes in elementary school (moderate-decreasing, high-increasing) and three in middle school (low-stable, low-increasing, high-decreasing). The elementary school moderate-decreasing class was two-and-a-half times more likely than others to end in the middle school low-stable class. In contrast, the elementary school high-increasing class was twice as likely as others to end in the middle school low-increasing class, and four times as likely to end in the middle school high-decreasing class. Peer exclusion predicted membership in increasing AS trajectory classes in both elementary and middle school, whereas the middle school high-decreasing AS trajectory class demonstrated decreasing peer exclusion during middle school. Likewise, inability to defend oneself predicted membership in increasing AS trajectory classes in both elementary and middle school, whereas membership in the middle school high-decreasing AS trajectory class was predicted by inability to defend oneself in elementary but not middle school. High-decreasing AS youths’ improved ability to defend themselves in middle school appeared to be related to a cascade of improvements in related domains. In contrast, membership in increasing AS classes in elementary and middle school predicted symptoms of social anxiety and depression.
Reconstruction of a Large Through and Through Defect of the Oral Cavity Using Double Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap

Objective: To present our application of a double anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap in reconstruction of a large full thickness defect of the oral cavity, cheek and cervical area. Methods: Design: Case Report Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital Patient: One Results: A 77-year-old male with a 20 x 25 cm full thickness soft tissue defect on the facial and cervical area contiguous with a 6 x 6 cm buccal defect resulting from wide tumor ablation of a Stage IVA (T4aN2bM0) squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa underwent reconstruction using two ALT free flaps. An ALT flap was designed to cover the intraoral and cheek defect, while another ALT flap was used for external coverage of the cervical defect. The first ALT flap measured approximately 8 x 22 cm while the second ALT flap measured 6 x 22 cm harvested from the left and right thigh respectively. Temporary venous congestion was observed on the inferiorly placed ALT flap due to neck edema that spontaneously resolved on the 2nd post-operative day. Minimal donor site complications observed were linear scars, and a 1 x 4 cm dehiscence on the right thigh that healed spontaneously by secondary intention. Conclusion: The utilization of a double anterolateral thigh free flap allowed single-stage reconstruction of the large soft tissue head and neck defect with little donor site morbidity, shorter operating time and shorter hospital stay. Keywords: anterolateral thigh free flap (ALT flap), double ALT flap, full-thickness buccal defect
Urban spatial structure and the potential for vehicle miles traveled reduction: the effects of accessibility to jobs within and beyond employment sub-centers

This research examines the relationship between urban polycentric spatial structure and driving. We identified 46 employment sub-centers in the Los Angeles Combined Statistical Area and calculated access to jobs that are within and beyond these sub-centers. To address potential endogeneity problems, we use access to historically important places and transportation infrastructure in the early twentieth century as instrumental variables for job accessibility indices. Our Two-stage Tobit models show that access to jobs is negatively associated with household vehicle miles traveled in this region. Among various accessibility measures, access to jobs outside sub-centers has the largest elasticity (− 0.155). We examine the location of places in the top quintile of access to non-centered jobs and find that those locations are often inner ring suburban developments, near the core of the urban area and not far from sub-centers, suggesting that strategies of infill development that fill in the gaps between sub-centers, rather than focusing on already accessible downtowns and large sub-centers, may be the best land use approach to reduce VMT.
Corn Kings & One-Horse Thieves: A Plain-Spoken History of Mid-Illinois

Review of: "Corn Kings & One-Horse Thieves: A Plain-Spoken History of Mid-Illinois" by James Krohe Jr.
Coded-aperture Compton camera for gamma-ray imaging

A novel gamma-ray imaging system is demonstrated, by means of Monte Carlo simulation. Previous designs have used either a coded aperture or Compton scattering system to image a gamma-ray source. By taking advantage of characteristics of each of these systems a new design can be implemented that does not require a pixelated stopping detector. Use of the system is illustrated for a simulated radiation survey in a decontamination and decommissioning operation.
Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment.

Importance: Few neonatal feeding assessments are currently available, and the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment is the only one that identifies feeding impairment while considering the developmental changes that occur from preterm birth to term-equivalent age. Objective: To determine the interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Level 4 neonatal intensive care unit. Participants: A convenience sample of 7 neonatal therapists participated in reliability testing. For concurrent validity, a prospective cohort of 52 preterm infants born ≤32 wk gestation had feeding assessed at term-equivalent age. Outcomes and Measures: Intraclass correlations (ICCs) and Fleiss’s κ statistics were used to define reliability across therapists, who independently scored five videos of preterm infants orally feeding using the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment. Concurrent validity was determined by evaluating relationships between the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment using an independent-samples t test and χ2 analysis. Results: The ICC for the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment total score was 0.90 (confidence interval [CI] [0.70, 0.99]). Fleiss’s κ scores for the 19 scorable items on the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment had predominately moderate, fair, and slight agreement, with 3 items having poor agreement. Dysfunctional NOMAS scores were related to lower Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment scores (t[49.4] = 3.72, mean difference = 12.2, 95% CI [5.60, 18.75], p = .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment has excellent reliability. Concurrent validity was established. What This Article Adds: This article reports that the final version of the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment (Version 5.7) has excellent interrater and concurrent validity and is an important tool to assess the occupation of infant feeding in clinical practice.
Alkyne benzannulations in the preparation of contorted nanographenes

Nanographenes are a popular area of research due to their promising properties for electronics. Over the last twenty years there has been a significant increase in interest in the development of contorted nanographenes. While many top-down techniques are employed in the synthesis of these planar nanographenes, the use of alkynes in bottom-up syntheses allows for easy functionalization and the development of contorted nanographenes. The syntheses of contorted nanographenes with a focus on utilizing alkynes is reviewed here.
Neurobiological evidence of sexual dimorphism in limbic circuitry of US Veterans.

Abstract Background Female Veterans are an increasing patient population in the Department of Veterans Affairs and may have distinct clinical and neurobiological features compared to males. Methods Nineteen female and 19 male Veterans who met diagnostic criteria for depression/posttraumatic stress disorder (MDD/PTSD) completed diagnostic interviews, symptom measures, and resting-state neuroimaging. Participants completed clinical measures of mood and aggression in addition to magnetic resonance imaging on a 3.0 Tesla Siemens scanner. Results Females showed increased functional connectivity between the left and right basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the left and right cerebellar and occipital lobes. Sex differences also were evident in the relationship between affective and clinical symptoms with BLA connectivity. Females showed a correlation between revenge planning and decreased connectivity between the left BLA and left occipital lobe and also a correlation between aggression and decreased connectivity between the right BLA and right mid cingulate, right and left medial frontal lobe, and right frontal lobe. Males evidenced a relationship between increased depressive symptoms and increased connectivity between the left BLA and right and left occipital lobe, left calcarine, and other areas associated with visual memory and processing, and interpretation of sensory information. Additionally, males reported higher levels of physical aggression and revenge planning compared to females. Limitations This study included neuroimaging and self-report clinical measures. Further studies will benefit from multimodal measures, including behavioral measures of aggression. Conclusions Results suggest that male Veterans report more aggression than females and symptoms of aggression and mood are differentially related to BLA connectivity by sex.
White Demographic Anxiety and Support for Torture of Terrorism Suspects

In this study I use a survey experiment to test whether the prospect of White demographic decline affects attitudes toward treatment of terrorism suspects. I find that when White subjects are infor...
“Publishing Is Mystical”: The Latinx Caucus Bibliography, Top-Tier Journals, and Minority Scholarship

In 2014, members of the NCTE/CCCC Latinx Caucus began contributing citations to a shared Google Document (GDoc) that suggested a relatively significant contribution of scholarship to the field of R...
A Digital Root Based Modular Reduction Technique for Power Efficient, Fault Tolerance in FPGAs

Recent advancements in performance, logic density, and power consumption of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have made them attractive for their widespread adoption into automotive, aircraft, space, military, and other safety-critical applications, in both embedded systems and cloud computing platforms. Every year, though, it becomes harder and harder to benefit from such advances in technology scaling due to smaller voltage margins, more aggressive clocking schemes, and greater device variability. FPGAs are often expected to last years or even decades in a variety of different environments before replacement. In some applications, they can be susceptible to soft and transient errors due to Single Event Upsets (SEUs), environment, and aging related effects. In this paper, we propose a simplified modular arithmetic technique based upon the concept of the digital root (DR) to monitor soft and transient errors, with low area overhead and high rates of detectability. The technique can be easily implemented at the register-transfer level (RTL) with no need to modify the underlying hardware of the FPGA. In one experiment, after dropping the supply voltage well below recommended design margins, we show in situ measurements on the instantaneous error rate in an Intel Arria 10 GX FPGA, which can be leveraged to optimize the power-performance trade-off of already deployed designs. We demonstrate this tradeoff, using an inherently error tolerant low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder block, by either increasing the system clock beyond its synthesized target to achieve a 50% improvement in throughput, or by lowering the FPGA's supply voltage below synthesized design margins for a 65% reduction in power.
Surviving Lambs with Myelomeningocele Repaired in utero with Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for 6 Months: A Pilot Study.

Background Fetal repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) with placental mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) rescues ambulation in the ovine model up to 48 h postnatally. Outcomes past 48 h are unknown as MMC lambs have not been survived past this timepoint. Objective We aimed to survive lambs for 6 months following the fetal repair of MMC with PMSCs. Methods Fetal MMC lambs were repaired with PMSCs. Lambs received either no additional treatment or postnatal bracing and physical therapy (B/PT). Motor function was assessed with the sheep locomotor rating (SLR). Lambs with an SLR of 15 at birth were survived for 6 months or until a decline in SLR less than 15, whichever came first. All lambs underwent a perimortem MRI. Results The lambs with no postnatal treatment (n = 2) had SLR declines to 7 and 13 at 29 and 65 days, respectively, and were euthanized. These lambs had a spinal angulation of 57° and 47°, respectively. The B/PT lamb (n = 1) survived for 6 months with a sustained SLR of 15 and a lumbar angulation of 42°. Conclusion Postnatal physical therapy and bracing counteracted the inherent morbidity of the absent paraspinal muscles in the ovine MMC model allowing for survival and maintenance of rescued motor function of the prenatally treated lamb up to 6 months.
Nonlinear acoustic-structure interaction in high intensity focused ultrasound power transfer systems

Ultrasound power transfer (UPT) has emerged as one of the most promising technique to wirelessly transfer power. The mechanism of UPT involves vibration-induced generation of acoustic waves from a piezoelectric transmitter which propagate in a medium to interact with a piezoelectric receiver, and generate vibrations-induced electrical response in the receiver. In this work, a novel technique of using a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is proposed to enhance the power transfer efficiency as compared to current UPT systems. HIFU concentrates the entire transmitted energy at a focal spot where the piezoelectric receiver is placed, thus dramatically reducing the input energy required, as compared to unfocused UPT systems. The physics of the HIFU-UPT system consists of a nonlinear acoustic wave propagating in a medium to induce a nonlinear structural response in the receiver. Implementing the HIFU-UPT phenomena in an experimentally validated finite-element based model shows that the nonlinear acoustic field can induce disproportionately high responses in a receiver if the harmonics in the acoustic wave coincide with the structural resonant frequencies of the receiver. This research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for designing UPT systems operating in nonlinear acoustic fields with a finite size receiver.
Measuring the Environmental and Social Risk of Exposure to Future Epidemics

One of the problems in a not-too-distance future is the possibility of preventing and/or containing new infectious disease outbreaks that generate negatively impact on public health and economy of countries. The current monitoring of transmission dynamics is mainly based on reproduction number and fatality rates. However, this approach is a real-time monitoring of transmission dynamics for containing the spread of pandemic and, as a consequence, numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. Reproduction number does not provide, ex-ante, information to cope with future epidemics. The main goal of this study is to propose the index c (as contagions) that measures, ex-ante, the environmental risk of exposure of cities and/or regions to future epidemics of COVID-19 and similar vital agents. In particular, this index c synthetizes environmental, socioeconomic and health risk factors of cities/regions of exposure to infectious diseases and has a range from 1 (environmental and social weakness leading to high levels of infected individuals and deaths) to 0 (environment that reduces the risk of infectious diseases in society). The statistical evidence here seems in general to support the predictive results of the index c as particularly simple but superior indicator in detecting the global correlation between potential risk of high exposure of cities/regions to infectious diseases and actual high numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths of cities/regions. The index c can support a proactive strategy to help policymakers firstly to prevent infectious diseases and, in case of diffusion of epidemics, to constrain new infectious diseases similar to COVID-19 with appropriate measures and technologies on environment and society.
Graphene nanoribbon network for optical trapping and transportation of nanoparticles

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of employing a tunable graphene nano-ribbon plasmonic network for optically trapping and transporting nano-particles within the network. In contrast to conventional metal-based plasmonic tweezers which require varying the excitation light source to achieve manipulation of trapped objects, our proposed graphene nano-ribbon plamonic network realizes accurately controlled transportation of trapped nano-particles via electrostatically tuning the carrier density distribution in the graphene network. Plane-wave excitation of the plasmonic resonances of graphene nano-ribbons at 1mW per square micrometer intensity level is sufficient to generate a trapping potential larger than 10kT at room temperature for nano-particles with a sub-100nm diameter.
General object-based features account for letter perception better than specialized letter features

After years of experience, humans become experts at perceiving letters. Is this visual capacity attained by learning specialized letter features, or by reusing general visual features previously learned in service of object categorization? To investigate this question, we first measured the visual representational space for letters in two behavioral tasks, visual search and letter categorization. Then, we created models of specialized letter features and general object-based features by training deep convolutional neural networks on either 26-way letter categorization or 1000-way object categorization, respectively. We found that general object-based features accounted well for the visual similarity of letters measured in both behavioral tasks, while letter-specialized features did not. Further, several approaches to alter object-based features with letter specialization did not improve the match to human behavior. Our findings provide behavioral-computational evidence that the perception of letters depends on general visual features rather than a specialized feature space.
DeepTune: Robust Global Optimization of Electronic Circuit Design Via Neuro-Symbolic Optimization

We present an application of machine learning to automated robust optimization of electronic circuit design that combines artificial neural networks and global optimization. A neural network regressor is constructed to predict circuit operation metrics such as power, offset, delay, phase margin based on input parameters such as device size, temperature, supply voltage and current, and process corner. This regressor is then used to build an objective function for global optimization to find the optimal set of controllable parameters that optimize the objective function subject to input constraints such as device size range and output constraints such as power consumption or delay. Experimental results from tuning state-of-the-art high performance PLL circuits show that this framework is promising and can in much less time find optimized circuits that outperform circuit designs that were manually tuned by a skilled circuit designer.
Forbidden rotational transitions and astrophysics

Abstract The theory of forbidden rotational transitions is reviewed and spontaneous emission rates and lifetimes of metastable levels of NH3, H3O+, H3+, and CH3CN are calculated. Rotational levels are classified into stable, metastable, and unstable levels. The importance of the forbidden rotational transitions in the thermalization of interstellar molecules is discussed.
Increased Utilization of Virtual Visits and Electronic Approaches in Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Thereafter

Abstract Objectives To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical research and the use of electronic approaches to mitigate this impact. Methods We compared the utilization of electronic consenting, remote visits, and remote monitoring by study monitors in all research studies conducted at Mayo Clinic sites (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (ie, between May 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020). Participants are consented through a participant-tracking system linked to the electronic health record. Results Between May 2019, and December 2020, there were 130,800 new consents across every modality (electronic and paper) to participate in a non-trial (107,176 [82%]) or a clinical trial (23,624 [18%]). New consents declined from 5741 in February 2020 to 913 in April 2020 but increased to 11,864 in November 2020. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) proportion of electronic consent increased from 22 (2%) before to 45 (20%) during the pandemic (P=.001). Mean (SD) remote electronic consenting increased from 0.3 (0.5%) to 29 (21%) (P Conclusion After a sharp early decline, the enrollment of new participants and ongoing study visits recovered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This recovery was accompanied by the increased use of electronic tools.
Fostering Critical Reflection and Productive Dialogue in Music Teacher Education

Because teaching is an inherently political act, it is important for music teacher educators to consider their role in the public discourse and how they approach the political dimensions of teachin...
Methodology of U.S.-China-Hong Kong Triangular Merchandise Trade Statistic Reconciliation

This research note documents the methodology of U.S.-China-Hong Kong triangular merchandise trade statistic reconciliation. Instead of directly comparing the official trade statistics from the United States and China and calculating the discrepancies, the U.S-China-Hong Kong triangular reconciliation methodology takes into account of re-exports and transshipment via Hong Kong. This research note also documents the application of this methodology to advance technology product trade between the United States and China.
Design optimization of a 77 GHz antenna array using machine learning

In this work, a 77 GHz patch antenna array is presented as a front-end communication tool for Advanced Driving-Assistance System (ADAS). A regression based mathematical modelling algorithm Modified Extensible Lattice Sequence (Mels) is used to develop a supervised machine learning based surrogate mathematical model from the physical array model with very few simulation iterations. Global response search method (GRSM) optimization routine is used for optimizing the surrogate model under a very short time to achieve the design optimization goals. A comparison is shown between traditional GRSM array optimization and optimization coupled with machine learning. Additionally, a simulation-based case study is presented using the optimized antenna array for vehicle to vehicle communication in a time-varying autonomous driving scenario.
Distribution and Retention Trends of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Japan: A Longitudinal Study.

Introduction This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the distribution and retention of obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan. Methods I used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from National Census surveys administered during 1996-2016. Results Between 1996 and 2016, the number of obstetricians and gynecologists increased by 6% and urban physicians by 15%, whereas the number of rural physicians decreased by 25%. The annual retention rate, which was calculated using the square root of the biannual rates [the number of physicians still working as obstetricians and gynecologists at the time of the subsequent survey (e.g., in 1998) divided by the number of obstetricians and gynecologists in the original survey (e.g., in 1996)], was >90%. Obstetricians and gynecologists were less likely to continue to work as obstetricians and gynecologists after 30-44 years of experience (1996-2006 cohort: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.17-0.25; 2006-2016 cohort: OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.25-0.41) and >45 years of experience (1996-2006 cohort: OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.11-0.17; 2006-2016 cohort: OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.08-0.15). The odds were lower for rural obstetricians and gynecologists (1996-2006 cohort: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.51-0.82; 2006-2016 cohort: OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.80). As the number of female physicians increased, the number of practicing obstetricians and gynecologists also increased. In 2004, the mandatory postgraduate clinical training that was newly implemented caused a drop in the number of young doctors; however, this reversed in 2006. Rural to urban migration was steady, and the working hours were consistently long. To stabilize high retention rates, the working environments need to be improved. Conclusions The present study clearly indicated the trend of the distribution of obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan. The result may be especially important for the health policy making in Japan.
A geospatial data fusion framework to quantify variations in electric vehicle charging demand

Electric vehicles (EV) are an emerging mode of transportation, and big cities in the United States have witnessed an ever-growing demand for EV usage. The primary benefit of EVs is the high fuel efficiency by using only electricity, and hence lowers the dependency on fossil fuels and significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Although the number of EVs has increased, the availability of EV charging stations for public use has been disproportionate to its demand. More recently, populations residing in the Southern California region have been faced with challenges such as range anxiety owing to the uneven spatial distribution of charging stations throughout the region. As the EV population continues to expand, identifying hotspots of EV charging and barriers to the equitable access of charging stations have gained much importance. Our study uses a geospatial data fusion approach with spatial statistics to combine EV charging station data, land use information, and American Community Survey (ACS) data at the census block group level in Orange County, California to discover optimal locations to broaden the EV charging network and identify potential equity issues surrounding charging station placements.
Omnipotence: Moving and Staying Power

The resolution of the first paradox of omniscience in Chapter 4, via the theory of moves, was thoroughly secular. It generally favored the stronger or quicker player, in a particular sense, and thus could be viewed as unfair to the other player, though he always obtained at least his security level in a game.
Exotic Pest Plant Councils: Cooperating to Assess and Control Invasive Nonindigenous Plant Species

The impact of invasive nonindigenous (NI) plants in the United States has been sufficiently well established to justify action even in the absence of specific information about particular species. We must be practical. Public and private land-managing agencies and scientific research institutions will never have sufficient funds to study every introduced plant species or every ecosystem in which such a plant has become established. We should also be humble; we may never fully understand the invasion process, particularly for each of the hundreds of potentially invasive species in each of our many ecosystems. One truth is clear: as time passes, many species will spread to new areas or increase in density if controlling actions are delayed.
Immunocytochemical analysis of AlgP (Hp1), a histonelike element participating in control of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract AlgP, a protein with an unusual carboxy-terminal domain resembling the tails of eukaryotic H1 histones, was detected in whole-cell extracts and within the cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using immunoblotting and immunoelectron microscopy analyses. One known function of AlgP is its participation in the transcriptional activation of the algD gene. This is a pivotal step in the establishment of mucoidy in P. aeruginosa; mucoidy is a critical virulence factor expressed during respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic 50-mer peptide containing two sets of six tandem repeats of the motif Lys-Pro-Ala-Ala (and its single-amino-acid substitution variants), based on the sequence of the algP gene from the standard genetic strain PAO. Western immunoblots with these antibodies and total protein extracts from P. aeruginosa revealed two polypeptides that reacted with the antibodies in all of the P. aeruginosa strains tested. The detected polypeptides displayed strain-dependent variability in their electrophoretic mobility, in accordance with the previously noted variability of the algP repeats at the DNA level. In strain PAO, the recognized polypeptides had apparent masses of 46.4 and 41.6 kDa. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that AlgP is an intracellular protein with a wide distribution suggestive of its more general role. To indicate that fact, AlgP is given here an alternative name, Hp1. Since AlgP (Hp1) is a eubacterial histonelike element displaying sequence and domanial similarity with eukaryotic H1 histones, these findings may have implications on the understanding of the organization of the prokaryotic nucleoid and its role in the control of gene expression and bacterial virulence.
Can Hybrid Course Formats Increase Attendance in Undergraduate Environmental Science Courses

A major problem for large-enrollment, introductory college courses in natural resources and life sciences is poor attendance. To ameliorate this problem, we designed a hybrid course (part online, part face-to-face) to incorporate the advantages of online learning while retaining benefits of face-to-face instruction. We taught a hybrid introductory college science course (containing online assignments) simultaneously with a traditional lecture course (containing passive lectures). Completion rates of online homework were greater than attendance rates to passive lectures, and this difference increased with higher class rank. Our results suggest that hybrid course formats might be effective for increasing student attendance, particularly upperclassmen, in introductory life sciences and natural resource courses.
Dynamic control of 26S proteasome function at CNS synapses (478.3)

The selective strengthening and weakening of synapses in response to past experience and activity is known as synaptic plasticity and is fundamental to all brain processes such as the ability to learn, form memories and modify behavior. In contrast, impairments in synaptic plasticity are considered to contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic plasticity is largely mediated by both morphological and functional modifications to synapses. Local protein synthesis and protein degradation are known to contribute to these modifications. It is now clear that regulated proteolysis via the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a major role in the growth and development, maintenance and remodeling of synaptic connections in the brain. We and others have previously found a novel form of regulation for the 26S proteasome in neurons involving the plasticity kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II alpha (CaMKIIα). CaMKIIα phosphorylates the ATPase 19S regulatory part...
Neurofibroma and schwannoma of the oral cavity: A clinical and ultrastructural study☆

The clinical parameters of fifty-five cases accessioned as neurofibroma and schwannoma of the oral cavity were reviewed. An electron microscope study was performed on several cases. The component cells of neurofibroma were spindle shaped, with bundles of collagen fibrils between cells. Junctional complexes were observed between adjacent cells. Component cells of the schwannoma showed numerous convoluted cytoplasmic processes. Reduplication of basal lamina was frequently observed and formed the material in the hyalinized area of Verocay bodies.
Unsupervised classification by spectral ICA

Unsupervised classification is defined such that the information required to do so must be learned and derived directly and solely from the data alone, this is consistent with the classical definition "unlabelled data" ATR by Duda and Hart. Such a truly unsupervised methodology is presented for space-variant imaging for breast cancer detection by means of a spectral-ICA methodology rather than by spatial-ICA for space-invariant imaging.
End-to-end joining of taxol-stabilized GDP-containing microtubules

Abstract By the use of the drug taxol, microtubules were assembled from tubulin that had GDP at its exchangeable nucleotide binding site. By means of dilution experiments and measurements of exchange of labeled subunits, it was determined that the rate of interchange of subunits between these microtubules and the solution is very slow: the upper limit of the dissociation rate constant was measured to be 0.2 subunit s-1 end-1. When they were broken into short pieces by gentle shearing, these microtubules were found to undergo a rapid subsequent spontaneous increase in length. This increase was attributed to end-to-end joining (also called annealing), because dynamic instability and other mechanisms involving either nucleotide hydrolysis or subunit interchange at the ends could be ruled out. To characterize the process, a diffusion-controlled joining mechanism was hypothesized, and a length-independent bimolecular rate constant, gamma, was defined. Length distributions were measured at a series of times after the initial shearing. By means of a novel iterative calculation, the best-fitting value of gamma was determined from the time-dependent changes in the length distributions. Fitting was carried out at each of three concentrations of microtubules. The resulting values show that end-to-end joining of microtubules is remarkably efficient and that gamma is concentration-dependent.
Peeking Under the Curtain and Over the Horizon: The Reflections of Another Former Editor

Being an editor of the Journal of Advertising (JA) provides a unique perspective into the publishing process and the field of advertising. In this article I have tried to offer a glimpse of what I learned from this experience. It reveals what I learned (mostly from mistakes I made) about the review process. It also provides some thoughts about how to be a good reviewer. The second part of the article takes a broader view of how the field of advertising research has developed, what might be missing, and how we can expand its development in the future.
Detection of DNA strand breaks in apoptotic cells by flow- and image-cytometry.

Extensive DNA fragmentation that generates a multitude of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is a hallmark of apoptosis. A widely used approach to identify apoptotic cells relies on labeling DSBs in situ with fluorochromes. Flow or image cytometry is then used to detect and quantify apoptotic cells labeled this way. We developed several variants of the methodology that is based on the use of exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to label 3′-OH ends of the DSBs with fluorochromes, defined as the TUNEL assay. This chapter describes the variant based on DSBs labeling using 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate (BrdUTP) as a TdT substrate and the incorporated BrdU is subsequently detected immunocytochemically with anti-BrdU antibody. We also describe modifications of the protocol that allow using other than BrdUTP deoxyribonucleotides to label DSBs. Concurrent differential staining of cellular DNA and multiparameter analysis of cells by flow- or image cytometry enables one to correlate the induction of apoptosis with the cell cycle phase. Examples of the detection of apoptotic cells in cultures of human leukemic cell lines treated with TNF-α and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topote-can are presented. The protocol can be applied to the cells growing in vitro, treated ex vivo with cytotoxic drugs as well as to clinical samples.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: diagnostic and dimensional issues.

Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-IV, recent considerations for a reclassification into an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) cluster are gaining prominence. Similarities in symptomatology, course of illness, patient population, and neurocircuitry of OCD and OCSD are supported by comorbidity, family, and neurological studies, which also offer a critical re-evaluation of the relationship between OCD and anxiety disorders. This review examines potential classifications of OCD among the wider spectrum of affective disorders and at the interface between affective disorders and addiction. In addition, it has been suggested that the categorical diagnostic approach would be enhanced by an additional dimensional approach, including parameters such as stability of mood and ability to sustain attention. With further studies, it is ultimately the goal to define OCD and related disorders based on endophenotypes. Despite efforts in this field, there are several fundamental unresolved issues, including the question of which disorders should be grouped together in this category and which characteristics to include as their shared common features. A reclassification of OCD among the OCSDs would allow for better scrutiny of distinct obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as currently this disorder often goes undetected in patients who complain of a broad symptom of anxiety. Advantages and disadvantages of establishing OCSDs and its implications for diagnosis, treatment, and research are discussed.
The effects of comprehensive income on investors’ judgments: An investigation of one-statement vs. two-statement presentation formats

Purpose – This paper aims to understand the effects of different presentation formats on nonprofessional investors’ judgments. Both International Financial Reporting Standards and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require an entity to present items of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI) either in one continuous or in two separate, but consecutive, statements but limited understanding exists about their differential effects on evaluation of company performance. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate this research question, we used a two (Financial Position) x two (Format) randomized between-subjects experiment. Ninety-four graduate students assumed the role of investor and participated in this study. Findings – Results of the experiment suggest that participants are more likely to incorporate OCI information presented in the one-statement format than in the two-statement format. Further analysis suggests that participants both assign more weight to OCI and perceive OCI to be rel...
Flexible Airway Endoscopy in Children

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) previously published standards for Flexible Airway Endoscopy (FAE) in children in the American Review of Respiratory Diseases in 1992 [1]. Since that time there have been significant advances in the field with expansion in the use of FAE for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The ATS formed a multidisciplinary committee of international experts to develop new technical standards. The standards are based largely upon the experience of committee members, as there is minimal evidence related to pediatric FAE available from clinical trials and controlled observational studies. The technical standards describe the equipment, personnel, competencies, and procedures necessary for pediatric FAE. This summary is prepared for practicing clinicians.
Changes in the exocrine pancreas secondary to altered small intestinal function in the CF mouse.

The exocrine pancreas of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse (cftrm1UNC ) is only mildly affected compared with the human disease, providing a useful model to study alterations in exocrine function. The...
Learning about application software by studying processes

In earlier work, it has been suggested that processes and applications seem to share many important characteristics and seem to be amenable to similar approaches of modeling, definition, and analysis. In most of this previous work, approaches and technologies for developing applications have been applied to the development of processes, largely with positive results. This paper suggests the opposite, namely that approaches and technologies for developing processes seem likewise to be applicable to developing applications. As an example, this paper notes that resource specification, allocation, and management are central issues in the development of many processes, and suggests that although these capabilities seem to be important for growing classes of application software, the ability to support them seems curiously neglected. The paper also notes that management of rework is a central issue of virtually all creative activities. This is evidenced by the observation that facilities for supporting rework are prominent features in so many creative domains. Accordingly, the paper suggests an analogous need for facilities for supporting rework in application software as well, especially in application software aimed at supporting human creativity. The paper concludes by noting that both application and process software technologies grow through consideration of the relevance of technologies developed for one to the other. This in turn should lead to a clearer understanding of the essence of what they have in common, leading to conjectures about the nature of a more abstract class of entities, that we refer to simply as software. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new type of variation among the polyoma viruses characterized by cytoplasmic accumulation of capsid antigen.

Abstract By immunofluorescent techniques, capsid antigen of the 3049 strain of polyoma virus was found in the cytoplasm early in the infectious cycle followed by its gradual appearance in the nucleus. This is distinct from the capsid antigen of other polyoma strains, which reaches concentrations sufficient to be visualized only in the nucleus. This characteristic, termed CyC+, is stable and is unrelated to antigenic type or plaque size as well as multiplicity of infection. The synthesis of “T” antigen and infectious virions is normal. Capsid antigen formation is inhibited by DNA synthesis inhibition as in other polyoma strains. Of interest is the finding that capsid antigen appeared only in the nucleus of hamster embryo cells, perhaps providing a unique example of host control over a viral function.