cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Failure characteristics of two porous sandstones subjected to true triaxial stresses

We conducted an extensive suite of true triaxial experiments in two porous sandstones, Bentheim (porosity ≈ 24%) and Coconino (17.5%). Our experiments demonstrate that failure of both sandstones is not only a function of σ3 but also of σ2. For a given σ3, σ1 at failure (σ1,peak) increases as σ2 is raised above σ3 between tests. The σ1,peak reaches a peak as σ2 is about halfway between σ3 and σ1 and then gradually decreases such that when σ2 ≈ σ1,peak, it approaches its initial magnitude when σ2 = σ3. For a constant σ3, failure-plane angle increases with σ2 by a maximum of less than 10° as σ2 rises from σ2 = σ3 to σ2 = σ1,peak. The effect of σ2 on both failure level and failure-plane angle is stronger in the lower-porosity Coconino sandstone than in the Bentheim sandstone. The σ2 dependence of failure mode in the Bentheim is different than Coconino over the same σ3 range. Both sandstones failed dilatantly at low σ3 magnitudes. However, at high σ3 (100–120 MPa), Bentheim sandstone developed shear-enhanced compaction bands, followed by pure compaction bands at σ3 = 150 MPa. Compaction bands were not observed in the Coconino. Microscopic observations via SEM reveal that tensile microcracking is dominant when shear banding occurs (under low σ3), while pervasive grain crushing and pore collapse inside compaction bands are observed at high σ3.
Old Tool, New Application?

See related article on pages 281-287. In this issue of Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, von Wardenberg and colleagues present their data from Germany on 4763 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass over a 5-year period, 127 of whom were treated with prone positioning for postoperative acute respiratory failure, the 2.7% incidence. Although their data are intriguing, the role for this application in postcardiopulmonary bypass patients in the timing of its implementation is a process in evolution. Prone positioning was first introduced over 40 years ago. In patients with severe acute ARDS, it has demonstrated improvements in shortand intermediate mortality when applied in a consistent fashion, as one would find in clinical trials. Our pulmonary and critical care colleagues use prone positioning on rather routine basis to treat patients with refractory hypoxemia. In brief, the principle is that with prone positioning, the ventral lung now becomes dependent and this ventilated lung zone is now preferentially perfused, and the dorsal lung that is now ante-dependent often becomes less consolidated in his improved aeration. This alternation of prone and supine positioning may improve oxygenation in those patients with refractory hypoxemia due to pulmonary ideology. This has become more broadly accepted in our medical intensive care units to improve oxygenation. The current study by Dr von Wardenberg and colleagues gives us at least 3 important takeaways: (1) the prone positioning is safe in cardiac surgery patients, (2) the timing of prone positioning is important, and (3) there is a gradation in severity of refractory hypoxemia that may need more aggressive therapy. The data are very well presented to demonstrate that prone positioning in cardiac surgery patients who are very close to that surgery is safe. This is a significant concern given recent
Acute Irradiation Proctitisi in Man: Development of eosinophilic crypt abscesses

Summary The response of the rectum in 11 patients undergoing pelvic irradiation for malignant disease has been studied prospectively. Three-fourths developed symptoms such as diarrhea, mucoid rectal discharge, and tenesmus during therapy. In one-half of the subjects abnormal mucosa was seen sigmoidoscopically, characterized by edema, duskiness, and loss of vascularity. The rectal mucosa in biopsy specimens taken during X-ray treatment was abnormal in every case. Leukocytic infiltration of the lamina propria and dysplasia of the superficial and crypt epithelium with a prominent tissue eosinophilia were noted. The striking feature in 9 patients was the presence of eosinophilic crypt abscesses. Histochemical study revealed a luminal pattern of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase in 3 subjects. The histological abnormalities were more severe early in the course of radiation therapy suggesting that the bowel is able to adapt to an injurious stimulus. One month following therapy the mucosa had returned remarkably toward normal. The marked tissue eosinophilia seen during irradiation reflects the nonspecificity of this reaction. The finding of eosinophilic crypt abscesses is noteworthy and has not been previously described.
A Novel Method for Solving Random Eigenvalue Problems

Matrices with random entries are encountered in finite element/difference formulations of a broad range of mechanics problems. Monte Carlo simulation, the only general method for solving this class of problems, is usual impractical when dealing with realistic problems.
Lock-in detection of photoacoustic feedback signal for focusing through scattering media using wave-front shaping

Wave-front shaping techniques enable focusing and imaging through scattering media. Unfortunately, most approaches require invasive feedback inside or behind the sample, or use of spatial correlations (memory effect) limiting the application to specific types of samples. Recent approaches overcome these limitations by taking advantage of acoustic waves via the photoacoustic (PA) effect or via photon tagging. We present a fully analog signal processing lock-in scheme for PA detection to improve focusing through scattering media and to efficiently extract nonlinear photoacoustic signals towards wave-front optimization. Our implementation improves PA feedback performance in terms of SNR, speed, and resolution.
Structure of alpine plant communities near King's Peak, Uinta Mountains, Utah

A study was made at 18 sites with elevations between 3512 and 3768 m in the Uinta Mountains, Utah. Sites were small in extent but typified vegetation patterns found in the Uintas. Standing crop, species composition (based on dry weight), and values for several physical parameters were determined at each site. Simple linear regressions performed between the various biotic and abiotic characters revealed significant relationships between the characteristics of rocks visible at the surface (the number, size, and variation in size) and vegetation cover. This relationship was probably due to the burial of rocks as a region became vegetated. Bray and Curtis ordinations performed on the data indicated that there were several factors which influenced the species composition but that no single factor dictated the vegetational pattern.
History of the English Word Melancholy

Melancholy, a very dynamic word, has in fact grown more abstract with time to the point where now, many may find it hard to separate from depression or sadness. While melancholy is of course very related to depression, its meaning nowadays can mean anything from somberly introspective to nostalgic. Different from the modern day use of depression to describe the psychological illness, melancholy in both its early days and now is often used to denote a specific personality characteristic of someone, but to see how this came about, it is important to look at the word's earliest beginning in ancient Greek.
Neuroscience: Auditory landscape on the cognitive map.

Subpopulations of neurons fire at specific geographical locations, providing a mental map of an animal's position in space. The finding that the circuitry can also support auditory maps sheds light on the neuronal structure of cognition. See Letter p.719 Map-like representations of physical space have been well-documented in the hippocampus by studies of spatial navigation, but it is unclear whether this spatial representation is part of a more general mechanism for encoding other continuous variables, such as sound. Here, David Tank and colleagues recorded from rat hippocampal neurons while they manipulated a joystick to control sound output along a continuous frequency scale. Neurons encoded for all aspects of this task and formed discrete firing fields in response to specific sound frequencies. The hippocampal cells representing this auditory axis overlapped with cells representing space during navigation. The authors suggest that representation mechanisms similar to those used during navigation may encode variables in a broader range of cognitive processes.
Craniospinal irradiation prior to stem cell transplant for hematologic malignancies with CNS involvement: Effectiveness and toxicity after photon or proton treatment.

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s) Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) improves local control of leukemia/lymphoma with central nervous system (CNS) involvement; however, for adult patients anticipating stem cell transplant (SCT), cumulative treatment toxicity is a major concern. We evaluated toxicities and outcomes for patients receiving proton or photon CSI before SCT. Methods and materials We identified 37 consecutive leukemia/lymphoma patients with CNS involvement who received CSI before SCT at our institution. Photon versus proton toxicities during CSI, transplant, and through 100 days posttransplant were compared using Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Long-term neurotoxicity, disease response, and overall survival were analyzed. Results Thirty-seven patients (23 photon, 14 proton) underwent CSI for CNS involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (49%), acute myeloblastic leukemia (22%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (3%), chronic myelocytic leukemia (14%), lymphoma (11%), and myeloma (3%). CSI was used for consolidation (30 patients, 81%) and gross disease treatment (7 patients, 19%). Median radiation dose (interquartile range) was 24 Gy (23.4-24) for photons and 21.8 Gy (21.3-23.6) for protons ( P = .03). Proton CSI was associated with lower rates of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 1-3 mucositis during CSI (7% vs 44%, P = .03): 1 grade 3 with protons versus 5 grade 1, 3 grade 2, and 2 grade 3 with photons. During CSI, other toxicities (infection, gastrointestinal symptoms) did not differ. Allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) was used in 95% of patients, with 53% of patients in remission before SCT. Myeloablative conditioning was used for 76%. During SCT admission and 100 days post-SCT, toxicities did not differ by CSI technique. Successful engraftment occurred in 95% of patients ( P = .67). Progression or death occurred for 47% of patients, with only 1 CNS relapse. Conclusion In our cohort, CSI offered excellent local control for CNS-involved hematologic malignancies in the pre-SCT setting. Acute mucositis occurred less frequently with proton CSI with comparable peritransplant/long-term toxicity profile, suggesting the need to further explore the benefit/toxicity profile of this technique.
Modeling US Stock Market Volatility-Return Dependence Using Conditional Copula and Quantile Regression

In this chapter, we examine the return-volatility relationship for some indices reported on exchanges in the United States of America. We utilize both linear quantile regression and copula quantile regression to evaluate the asymmetric volatility-return relationship between changes in the volatility index (VXD, VIX, VXO and VXN) and the corresponding stock index return series (DJIA, S&P 500, the S&P 100 and NASDAQ). The data period is from February 2, 2001 through December 31, 2012. The quantile copula models allow for inference at different quantiles of interest. We find, first, that the relationship between stock return and implied volatility depends on the quartile at which the relationship is being investigated. Second, we obtain results similar to those reported for European exchanges showing the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between stock return and implied volatility. This result was obtained even after controlling for changes in volatility of return using a GARCH(1, 1) filter.
Recovering the Period in Shor's Algorithm with Gauss' Algorithm for Lattice Basis Reduction

Shor’s algorithm contains a classical post-processing part for which we aim to create an efficient, understandable method aside from continued fractions. Let r be an unknown positive integer. Assume that with some constant probability we obtain random positive integers of the form x = ⌊Nk/r⌉ where ⌊·⌉ is either the floor or ceiling of the rational number, k is selected uniformly at random from {0,1,... ,r− 1}, and N is a parameter that can be chosen. The problem of recovering r from such samples occurs precisely in the classical post-processing part of Shor’s algorithm. The quantum part (quantum phase estimation) makes it possible to obtain such samples where r is the order of some element a ∈ Z × and n is the number to be factored. Shor showed that the continued fraction algorithm can be used to efficiently recover r, since if N > 2r 2 then k/r appears in lowest terms as one of the convergents of x/N due to a standard result on continued fractions. We present here an alternative method for recovering r based on the Gauss algorithm for lattice basis reduction, allowing us to efficiently find the shortest nonzero vector of a lattice generated by two vectors. Our method is about as efficient as the method based on continued fractions, yet it is much easier to understand all the details of why it works.
Analysis of Specimens with Special Geometry: Irregular Bulk Objects and Particles

There are two “zero-th level” assumptions that underpin the basis for quantitative electron-excited X-ray microanalysis:
Micromechanical Resonator Driven by Radiation Pressure Force

Radiation pressure exerted by light on any surface is the pressure generated by the momentum of impinging photons. The associated force – fundamentally, a quantum mechanical aspect of light – is usually too small to be useful, except in large-scale problems in astronomy and astrodynamics. In atomic and molecular optics, radiation pressure can be used to trap or cool atoms and ions. Use of radiation pressure on larger objects such as micromechanical resonators has been so far limited to its coupling to an acoustic mode, sideband cooling, or levitation of microscopic objects. In this Letter, we demonstrate direct actuation of a radio-frequency micromechanical plate-type resonator by the radiation pressure force generated by a standard laser diode at room temperature. Using two independent methods, the magnitude of the resonator’s response to forcing by radiation pressure is found to be proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
Strategies for overcoming language barriers in healthcare.

Language barriers between nurses and patients increasingly affect nursing practice, regardless of where care is delivered. In the United States, a language other than English is now spoken at home in one of five households, the highest level since just after World War I.1 Patients with limited Engli
Landau damping and linear growth of whistler mode waves with the inclusion of finite electron and ion temperature

Whistler mode waves play a dominant role in the energy dynamics of the earth's magnetosphere. In this work we present numerical raytracing results of a large number of whistler mode waves including Landau damping and linear wave power growth and finite electron and ion temperature. The results are compared with observations made on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft.
ConsensUs: Supporting Multi-Criteria Group Decisions by Visualizing Points of Disagreement

Groups often face difficulty reaching consensus. For complex decisions with multiple criteria, verbal and written discourse alone may impede groups from pinpointing and moving past fundamental disagreements. To help support consensus building, we introduce ConsensUs, a novel visualization tool that highlights disagreement by asking group members to quantify their subjective opinions across multiple criteria. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a between-subjects experiment with 87 participants on a comparative hiring task. The study compared three modes of sensemaking on a group decision: written discourse only, visualization only, and written discourse plus visualization. We confirmed that the visualization helped participants identify disagreements within the group and then measured subsequent changes to their individual opinions. The results show that disagreement highlighting led participants to align their ratings more with the opinions of other group members. While disagreement highlighting led to better score alignment, participants reported a number of reasons for shifting their score, from genuine consensus to appeasement. We discuss further research angles to understand how disagreement highlighting affects social processes and whether it produces objectively better decisions.
Assessing the economics of newbuild gas plants in the PJM market

Abstract Over the past several years, an unprecedented amount of new capacity has been added to the PJM footprint, at a time of negligible electricity demand growth, a shift towards policy-backed resources, and the emergence of new technologies. This report explores the potential equity investor returns for planned combined cycle gas turbines in PJM. Analysis results indicate that the current tranche of plants straddles target IRRs in the mid-teens.
Visualization of dynamins.

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on three dynamin family members: Human dynamin 1, yeast Dnm1, and human MxA. Despite differences in sequence, all three proteins contain similar structural features that can be attributed to the conserved GTPase–middle–GED topology. Each protein oligomerizes in low-salt conditions or with nucleotide analogs, and forms helical arrays in the presence of lipid. In the absence of lipid, both dynamin and Dnm1 assemble into spirals, while MxA forms curved filaments and rings. For dynamin and Dnm1, the oligomeric state is tailored to its function: Dynamin forms structures with sizes comparable to the size of necks at budding vesicles, while Dnm1 forms significantly larger structures required for mitochondrial fission with sizes comparable to diameters observed at mitochondrial constriction sites. Furthermore, both Dnm1/Drp1 and MxA proteins have an apparent affnity for lipid despite lacking a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain. Therefore, the polymers of dynamins may preferentially interact with lipid bilayers due to their inherent curvature. Comparing the similarities and differences in dynamin family members using a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques provides the opportunity to understand the relationship between conserved and unique protein domains associated with varied cellular functions.
Thermal Stability of Hydrides of Disordered and Amorphous Alloys

Hydrides of amorphous/glassy alloys have received considerable attention recently because of their potential applications as energy carriers, chemical storage of hydrogen, heat pumps, fuel cells, and heat engines (1,2). In all of these applications the uncharged intermetallic compound and the corresponding ternary hydride are subjected to a large number of charging and decharging cycles. A major disadvantage to using ternary hydrides which results after a relatively large number of cycles is the decomposition or disproportionation of the material so that it no longer absorbs hydrogen gas in a reversible way. It has been shown that this decomposition is a reaction by part of the ternary hydride to form the corresponding binary hydride of the more stable (stronger hydrogen-attracting component) plus free metal of the less hydrogen-attracting component (1). It is not well understood why this disproportionation reaction is significant for some systems and almost insignificant for other systems. In some cases an intermetallic compound is formed along with the more stable binary hydride instead of the free metal. Buschow, Bouten and Miedema (1) list over 100 intermetalic hydrides that have been prepared and partially characterized. There are several times this many that are known, yet few are really satisfactory for the applications listed above. This paper is limited to transition metal-transition metal type alloys where one metal (A) is the stronger hydrogen-attracting and (B) is the weaker hydrogen-attracting. Examples of A-type metals are early (IIIb, IVb, Vb such as Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, etc.) and B-type (late) (VIIIb, Ib such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, etc.). The alloys may be intermetallic compounds but often are all compositions that may be prepared by the melt-spinning technique and are only limited in composition by the range of glass-stability. These alloys are designated by the atom percent composition, such as Ti45Cu55 for an alloy of 45 atom percent Ti and 55 atom percent Cu. Both the crystalline (c−) and amorphous/glass (a−) alloys will be discussed in this paper. The systems that are discussed here are: a-TiCuHx, c-TiCuHx, c-Ti2CuHx, a-Zr2PdHx, c-Zr2PdHx, a-Zr3RhHx, where x refers to noninteger values for the hydrogen composition. In addition, the intermetallic alloys will be included in the properties discussed wherever appropriate. The experimental methods used to study thermal stability are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal annealing, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). All XRD data have been taken at room temperature following quenching of the DSC or annealing studies.
6 – Antennas and Radiation

This chapter discusses the fundamental operation of a general antenna structure, independent of its specific configuration and application, and device basic performance parameters commonly used in antenna technology. Specifically, this discussion analyzes basic antenna parameters under four operating conditions: (1) antenna as a transmitter, (2) antenna as a receiver, (3) antenna in a transmit-receive communication link, and (4) antenna as a scatterer. An antenna is a device used for transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves, allowing radio-frequency communication between distant locations across empty space or other material media. Antennas are fabricated using conducting materials, which are designed with desirable radiation or reception characteristics, and employ suitable coupling arrangements to an external port for an input/output (I/O) connection. The I/O may be used for exciting the antenna from a radio-frequency signal source or for coupling any radio-frequency signal received by the antenna to an output load, respectively, when operated as a transmitter or a receiver.
Gentamicin-induced mobilization of iron from renal cortical mitochondria

Iron, presumably by participating in generation of hydroxyl radical or other oxidant species or initiation of lipid peroxidation, has been shown to play an important role in several models of tissue injury, including acute renal failure induced by the antibiotic gentamicin. However, the sources of iron remain unknown. Rat renal mitochondria incubated at 37 degrees C with gentamicin resulted in a time- (15-60 min) and a dose-dependent (0.01-5 mM) iron release as measured by formation of iron-bathophenanthroline sulfonate complex FeII-(BPS)3 [at 60 min, control: 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein, n = 7; gentamicin (5 mM): 5.1 +/- 0.4 nmol/mg protein, n = 7]. No formation of FeII(BPS)3 complex was detected in the absence of mitochondria or when incubations were carried out at 0 degrees C. Similar results were obtained when 2,2'-dipyridyl, another iron chelator, was used for measurement of iron release. On the basis on our previous study that gentamicin enhances generation of hydrogen peroxide by renal cortical mit...
Production Ecology of Haustorius Canadensis (Amphipoda: Haustoriidae) in Southern Maine

Several studies (Croker, 1977; Dexter, 1969; Samaeoto, 1969; Shelton, Robertson, 1981) have shown that the sandy beach communities of the east coast of North America are dominated by haustoriid amphipods. The sandy beach communities in northern New England consist of approximately 11 species, predominantly peracarid crustaceans, and are dominated by the haustoriid amphipods Haustorius canadensis and Acanthohaustorius millsi and Amphiporeia virginiana (Croker, 1977). Although much work has been done on these communities, to date no attempt has been made to describe the patterns of energy flow or secondary production occurring in these systems.
Full-Scale Drop Test of a Fokker F28 Wingbox Fuselage Section

During the summer of 2017, a vertical drop test was conducted on a partial section of a Fokker F28 MK4000 aircraft as a part of a joint NASA/FAA effort to investigate the performance of transport category aircraft under realistic crash conditions. Ten Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs, a.k.a. crash test dummies) ranging from 5th to 95th percentile sizes were used for the collection and comparison of occupant loads. Additionally, overhead bin mass simulators were added to achieve a realistic fuselage configuration. The section was dropped with a downward facing pitch angle onto a sloping soil surface in order to simulate a local horizontal velocity in the airframe. Instrumentation consisting of accelerometers was installed to measure floor, seat track, ATD, and overhead bin acceleration responses. Self-contained data recorders logging accelerations and rotational rates were also used on the seat tracks and lower structure as evaluations for crash recording devices in potential future use cases. The right side of the section was painted with a stochastic black and white speckle pattern for use in full field photogrammetric imaging techniques. Results collected from the airframe accelerometers will be presented, and deformation and failures of the test article structure will be discussed. Finally, an examination of the test article motion will be presented using derived components of local velocities with their effect on the impact acceleration and airframe response.
Gemcitabine Induces Microvesicle Particle Release in a Platelet-Activating Factor-Receptor-Dependent Manner via Modulation of the MAPK Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Studies, including ours, have shown that pro-oxidative stressors, such as chemotherapeutic agents, generate oxidized lipids with agonistic platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity. Importantly, recent reports have implicated that these PAF-agonists are transported extracellularly via microvesicle particles (MVPs). While the role of PAF-receptor (PAF-R) has been implicated in mediating chemotherapy effects, its significance in chemotherapy-mediated MVP release in pancreatic cancer has not been studied. The current studies determined the functional significance of PAF-R in gemcitabine chemotherapy-mediated MVP release in human pancreatic cancer cells. Using PAF-R-expressing (PANC-1) and PAF-R-deficient (Hs766T) cells, we demonstrate that gemcitabine induces MVP release in a PAF-R-dependent manner. Blocking of PAF-R via PAF-R antagonist or inhibition of MVP generation via inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) enzyme, significantly attenuated gemcitabine-mediated MVP release from PANC-1 cells, however, exerted no effects in Hs766T cells. Notably, MVPs from gemcitabine-treated PANC-1 cells, contained a measurable amount of PAF-agonists. Mechanistically, pretreatment with ERK1/2 or p38 inhibitors significantly abrogated gemcitabine-mediated MVP release, indicating the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in PAF-R-dependent gemcitabine-mediated MVP release. These findings demonstrate the significance of PAF-R in gemcitabine-mediated MVP release, as well as the rationale of evaluating PAF-R targeting agents with gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer.
Automated Military Vehicle Detection from Low-Altitude Aerial Images

Detection and identification of military vehicles from aerial images is of great practical interest particularly for defense sector as it aids in predicting enemys move and hence, build early precautionary measures. Although due to advancement in the domain of self-driving cars, a vast literature of published algorithms exists that use the terrestrial data to solve the problem of vehicle detection in natural scenes. Directly translating these algorithms towards detection of both military and non-military vehicles in aerial images is not straight forward owing to high variability in scale, illumination and orientation together with articulations both in shape and structure. Moreover, unlike availability of terrestrial benchmark datasets such as Baidu Research Open-Access Dataset etc., there does not exist well-annotated datasets encompassing both military and non-military vehicles in aerial images which as a consequence limit the applicability of the state-of-the-art deep learning based object detection algorithms that have shown great success in the recent years. To this end, we have prepared a dataset of low-altitude aerial images that comprises of both real data (taken from military shows videos) and toy data (downloaded from YouTube videos). The dataset has been categorized into three main types, i.e., military vehicle, non-military vehicle and other non-vehicular objects. In total, there are 15,086 (11,733 toy and 3,353 real) vehicle images exhibiting a variety of different shapes, scales and orientations. To analyze the adequacy of the prepared dataset, we employed the state-of-the-art object detection algorithms to distinguish military and non-military vehicles. The experimental results show that the training of deep architectures using the customized/prepared dataset allows to recognize seven types of military and four types of non-military vehicles.
Development of a Terpene Feedstock-Based Oxidative Synthetic Approach to the Illicium Sesquiterpenes.

The Illicium sesquiterpenes are a family of natural products containing over 100 highly oxidized and structurally complex members, many of which display interesting biological activities. This comprehensive account chronicles the evolution of a semisynthetic strategy toward these molecules from (+)-cedrol, seeking to emulate key aspects of their presumed biosynthesis. An initial route generated lower oxidation state analogs but failed in delivering a crucial hydroxy group in the final step. Insight gathered during these studies, however, ultimately led to a synthesis of the pseudoanisatinoids along with the allo-cedrane natural product 11-O-debenzoyltashironin. A second-generation strategy was then developed to access the more highly oxidized majucinoid compounds including jiadifenolide and majucin itself. Overall, one dozen natural products can be accessed from an abundant and inexpensive terpene feedstock. A multitude of general observations regarding site-selective C(sp3)–H bond functionalization react...
Psychiatric Comorbidity of Sex Offenses in a Military Forensic Sample.

Objective To examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among service members charged with sexual offenses. Methods The sample comprised service members charged with any type of sexual offense and referred for forensic evaluation (N = 67). Forensic mental health evaluations (competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility, risk assessment) of service members charged with sexual offenses were examined and the assigned clinical diagnoses (according to DSM-IV or -5) were enumerated to provide natural frequencies and percentages. Data were collected from February 2018 to May 2018. Results Findings suggest that alcohol use disorder is the most prevalent disorder both at the time of offense (28%) and time of the forensic evaluation (38%). The 2 most prominent diagnostic categories were substance use disorders and trauma-and-stress-related disorders. Conclusions Identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders among service members charged with sexual offenses may facilitate rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and offer public health benefits. This topic should be further studied in a larger sample to effectively address this public health problem.
Life Partner Influence on Uptake of Preventive Services: Evidence From Flu Vaccine Adoption Among the Aging Population:

Objectives: This study examines how the patterns of life partner concordance on preventive health service uptake vary by a partner's previous behavioral history and between genders. Method: This study uses 2008 and 2012 waves of Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of U.S. aging population, to examine one's decision to receive a preventive service as a function of the partner's decision changes over time (N = 2,680). Results: Life partner concordance on preventive service use is different by the partner's previous use history and gender. Positive partner preventive engagement showed greater association than negative ones. Women are more responsive to the positive health behaviors (of their partners), and men are more sensitive to the negative partner health behaviors. Conclusion: The asymmetric partner concordance by gender and the partner's previous usage experience provide implications to develop efficient and culturally acceptable interventions to increase the uptake of preventive health services.
SPATIOTEMPORAL COMPARISON OF OVERGROUND AND TREADMILL RUNNING WITH PRESSURE SENSOR INSOLES IN DIVISION I COLLEGIATE RUNNERS.

Study Design Repeated measures. Background Both clinicians and researchers often utilize treadmills to analyze spatiotemporal and biomechanical factors during running. However, there is question of whether or not treadmill running mimics overground running. The development of new wearable technology, such as pressure sensor insoles, presents an opportunity to compare the two running conditions. Purpose To compare the spatiotemporal factors between overground and treadmill running in collegiate runners, using pressure sensor insoles. Methods Twenty-one collegiate runners (age 20.1 ± 1.5 years, 81% female) were recruited from a Division I Cross Country team. Subjects participated in two 15-minute testing sessions. During the first session, subjects ran at their "easy run pace" for 200 meters, while wearing pressure sensor insoles. During the second session, subjects ran at a speed-matched pace on a treadmill for one minute at a level grade, and one minute at a 1% incline. Cadence, stance duration and swing duration were processed using Moticon Science Pro + software (Munich, DE). Data between overground and treadmill running was compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with α = 0.05. Results Compared to overground running, level and incline treadmill running was associated with increased cadence (mean difference [MD] = 3.55-3.22 strides per minute; p < 0.01), decreased stance duration (MD = 14-16 ms; p < 0.01), and decreased swing duration (MD = 11-12 ms; p < 0.05). Conclusion In collegiate runners, overground and treadmill running differ in spatiotemporal comparisons. Levels of Evidence 3.
Migration and Internal Colonialism

This chapter examines dominant approaches to the study of migration and places domestic migration within these paradigms in order to illustrate the parallels between the patterns and processes of domestic and international labor migrations. While the widely known and applied models of international migration are applicable to the majority of migrations, a theoretical approach that considers the disparities that exist within countries and the consequent flows of labor in such contexts is lacking. While focusing on internal colonialism, the chapter also proposes a broader interpretation of migration theories that accounts for the movement and experiences of internal migrants.
Care of a Toddler with Epistaxis and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare, autosomal-recessive, inherited bleeding disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia with giant platelets leading to excessive mucocutaneous and postsurgical bleeding. BSS is caused by a gene mutation on chromosome 22 leading to dysfunction in the ability of platelets to bind to von Willebrand factor. Because BSS is both a quantitative and functional platelet disorder, patients will have bleeding symptoms that are more severe than would be expected for their degree of thrombocytopenia. On platelet aggregation testing, BSS patients will have no aggregation with ristocetin but will have normal responses to all other agonists. Management of BSS is typically supportive.
Leftover opioids following adult surgical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

US opioid prescribing and use escalated over the last two decades, with parallel increases in opioid misuse, opioid-related deaths, and concerns about diversion. Postoperatively prescribed opioids contribute to these problems. Policy makers have addressed this issue by limiting postoperative opioid prescribing. However, until recently, little data existed to guide prescribers on opioid needs postoperatively. This meta-analysis quantitatively integrated the growing literature regarding extent of opioids leftover after surgery and identified factors associated with leftover opioid proportions. We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies quantifying postoperative opioid consumption in North American adults, and evaluated effect size moderators using robust variance estimation meta-regression. Medline, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant articles published January 1, 2000 to November 10, 2018. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool assessed risk of study bias. The proportion effect size quantified the primary outcome: proportion of prescribed postoperative opioids leftover at the time of follow-up. Primary meta-regression analyses tested surgical type, amount of opioids prescribed, and study publication year as possible moderators. Secondary meta-regression models included surgical invasiveness, age, race, gender, postoperative day of data collection, and preoperative opioid use. We screened 911 citations and included 44 studies (13,068 patients). The mean weighted effect size for proportion of postoperative opioid prescriptions leftover was 61% (95% CI, 56-67%). Meta-regression models revealed type of surgical procedure and level of invasiveness had a statistically significant effect on proportion of opioids leftover. Proportion of opioids leftover was greater for “other soft tissue” surgeries than abdominal/pelvic surgeries, but did not differ significantly between orthopedic and abdominal/pelvic surgeries. Minimally invasive compared to open surgeries resulted in a greater proportion of opioids leftover. Limitations include predominance of studies from academic settings, inconsistent reporting of confounders, and a possible publication bias toward studies reporting smaller leftover opioid proportions. A significant proportion of opioids are leftover postoperatively. Surgery type and level of invasiveness affect postoperative opioid consumption. Integration of such factors into prescribing guidelines may help minimize opioid overprescribing while adequately meeting analgesic needs.
Real-time Mapping on a Neuromorphic Processor

Mapping is a critical component for developing a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system in mobile robots. We draw from the brain's dedicated network that solves the spatial navigation problem by learning a cognitive map of the surrounding environment using networks of specialized neurons, such as place cells, grid cells, head direction cells, and border cells. We further integrated our neuro-inspired network into a neuromorphic processor, namely Intel's Loihi chip. Here, we proposed an SNN that used Winner-Take-ALL (WTA) structure and heterosynaptic competitive learning for place field generation and dendritic trees for reference frame transformation. The network learned distributed sub-maps on place cells, that, when combined, they encode accurately a unified map of the environment. By using an efficient interaction framework between the Robot Operating System (ROS) and Loihi, we showcase how our SNN may run in real-time interacting with a mobile robot equipped with a 360-degree LiDAR sensor. These results pave the way for an efficient neuromorphic SLAM solution on Loihi for robots operating in unknown environments.
Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a matched case-control study.

Background Vedolizumab was demonstrated to be safe and effective in adults with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in clinical trials. However, there are limited data regarding its efficacy and safety in elderly patients. Methods This was a case-control study comparing the efficacy (measured by rates of mucosal healing and need for IBD surgery) and safety of vedolizumab in IBD among patients ≥65 years of age (the elderly group) vs those Results We included 25 IBD patients in the elderly group and 100 matched patients in the comparison group. Eighty patients had Crohn's disease and 45 had ulcerative colitis. At baseline, the groups were comparable with regard to duration of IBD, prior anti-TNF therapy, and prior IBD surgery. The rate of mucosal healing on follow-up endoscopy was comparable between the elderly and control groups (50% vs 53%, P = 0.507). Although more patients in the elderly group required IBD-related surgery while on vedolizumab, the difference did not reach statistical significance (40% vs 19%, P = 0.282). Rates of vedolizumab-related adverse effects-rash, arthralgia, infections, infusion reactions, and dyspnea-were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions In a real-world setting, vedolizumab was demonstrated to have an efficacy and safety profile among elderly IBD patients that were comparable to younger controls.
Increasing incidence of primary reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in the United States.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in the United States and examine changes in age- and sex-based procedure rates. A secondary goal was to determine the incidence of hemiarthroplasty. Methods Using nationally representative data along with US Census data, we identified >508,000 cases of primary RTSA, anatomic TSA, and shoulder hemiarthroplasty from 2012 to 2017. Trends in the incidence of each procedure were analyzed, and sex- and age-adjusted procedure rates were calculated. Results From 2012 to 2017, the population-adjusted incidence of primary RTSA increased from 7.3 cases per 100,000 persons (22,835 procedures) to 19.3 cases per 100,000 (62,705 procedures); anatomic TSA increased from 9.5 cases per 100,000 (29,685 procedures) to 12.5 cases per 100,000 (40,665 procedures); and hemiarthroplasty decreased from 3.7 cases per 100,000 (11,695 procedures) to 1.5 cases per 100,000 (4930 procedures). These trends were observed among male and female patients, as well as all age groups. The greatest increase in incidence was seen in male patients as well as patients aged 50-64 years undergoing RTSA. Conclusion The incidence of primary RTSA and incidence of anatomic TSA have increased substantially in the United States from 2012 to 2017 whereas the incidence of hemiarthroplasty has decreased.
Oncological Outcomes of Total Skin-Sparing Mastectomy for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A 20-Year Institutional Experience

Although rates of total skin-sparing (nipple-sparing) mastectomies are increasing, the oncologic safety of this procedure has not been evaluated in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). ILC is the second most common type of breast cancer, and its diffuse growth pattern and high positive margin rates potentially increase the risk of poor outcomes from less extensive surgical resection. We compared time to local recurrence and positive margin rates in a cohort of 300 patients with ILC undergoing either total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSSM), skin-sparing mastectomy, or simple mastectomy between the years 2000–2020. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained institutional database and were analyzed by using univariate statistics, the log-rank test, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Of 300 cases, mastectomy type was TSSM in 119 (39.7%), skin-sparing mastectomy in 52 (17.3%), and simple mastectomy in 129 (43%). The rate of TSSM increased significantly with time (p < 0.001) and was associated with younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.0007). There was no difference in time to local recurrence on univariate and multivariate analysis, nor difference in positive margin rates by mastectomy type. Factors significantly associated with shorter local recurrence-free survival were higher tumor stage and tumor grade. TSSM can be safely offered to patients with ILC, despite the diffuse growth pattern seen in this tumor type.
Wearable Transcutaneous CO₂ Monitor Based on Miniaturized Nondispersive Infrared Sensor

Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide provide the status of pulmonary gas exchange and are of importance in diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases. Though significant progress has been made in oximetry, not much has been explored in developing wearable technologies for continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide. This research reports the development of a truly wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide using miniaturized nondispersive infrared sensor augmented by hydrophobic membrane to address the humidity interference. The wearable transcutaneous CO2 monitor shows well-behaved response curve to humid CO2 with linear response to CO2 concentration. The profile of transcutaneous CO2 monitored by the wearable device correlates well with the end-tidal CO2 trend in human test. The feasibility of the wearable device for passive and unobstructed tracking of transcutaneous CO2 in free-living conditions has also been demonstrated in field test. The wearable transcutaneous CO2 monitoring technology developed in this research can be widely used in remote assessment of pulmonary gas exchange efficiency for patients with respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19, sleep apnea, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Determinants of Consumer Purchasing Factors through LDA Modeling Using YouTube Data

In modern times, people use the Internet every day, and they can connect to the Internet anytime, anywhere. They can watch the news, check the weather, find nearby restaurants, and navigate their way. They also post and share their feelings and opinions on social-network services such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Due to this change, they use online review services to share their feeling, opinions, and experiences of products or services in the comments sections and make purchasing decisions based on this information. The most well-known method to identify factors related to consumers’ purchasing decisions is the survey. However, the survey method is time consuming, and the amount of data obtained is limited. Thus, we propose a system that uses YouTube data to identify such factors, reducing time constraints and supplementing the limited amount of data. The proposed method builds a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) based on the data collected to extract topics and people’s opinions. The biggest advantage of our system is that it reduces the time it takes to obtain data and uses more data for analysis.