cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rate-limiting step preceding cytochrome c release in cells primed for Fas-mediated apoptosis revealed by analysis of cellular mosaicism of respiratory changes.

In the present work, Jurkat cells undergoing anti-Fas antibody (anti-Fas)-triggered apoptosis exhibited in increasing proportion a massive release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, as revealed by double-labeling confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The cytochrome c release was followed by a progressive reduction in the respiratory activity of the last respiratory enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and with a little delay, by a decrease in overall endogenous respiration rate, as measured in vivo in the whole cell population. Furthermore, in vivo titration experiments showed that an ~30% excess of COX capacity over that required to support endogenous respiration, found in naive cells, was maintained in anti-Fas-treated cells having lost ~40% of their COX respiratory activity. This observation strongly suggested that only a subpopulation of anti-Fas-treated cells, which maintained the excess of COX capacity, respired. Fractionation of cells on annexin V-coated paramagnetic beads did indeed separate a subpopulation of annexin V-binding apoptotic cells with fully released cytochrome c and completely lacking respiration, and a nonbound cell subpopulation exhibiting nearly intact respiration and in their great majority preserving the mitochondrial cytochrome c localization. The above findings showed a cellular mosaicism in cytochrome c release and respiration loss, and revealed the occurrence of a rate-limiting step preceding cytochrome c release in the apoptotic cascade. Furthermore, the striking observation that controlled digitonin treatment caused a massive and very rapid release of cytochrome c and complete loss of respiration in the still respiring anti-Fas-treated cells, but not in naive cells, indicated that the cells responding to digitonin had already been primed for apoptosis, and that this treatment bypassed or accelerated the rate-limiting step most probably at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
The social correlates of co-ordinated attention to adult and objects in mother-infant interaction:

Co-ordinated attention to objects and adults is positively associated with later language development in children with and without disabilities. This relationship may occur because of social correlates of co-ordinated attention, which may in turn facilitate language development. This study investigated two potential social correlates of co-ordinated attention. Both of them have been suggested to have a role in facilitating later language development.
Structure of Supersonic Jet Flow and Its Radiated Sound

The present paper explores the use of large-eddy simulations as a tool for predicting noise from first principles. A high-order numerical scheme is used to perform large-eddy simulations of a supersonic jet flow with emphasis on capturing the time-dependent flow structure representating the sound source. The wavelike nature of this structure under random inflow disturbances is demonstrated. This wavelike structure is then enhanced by taking the inflow disturbances to be purely harmonic. Application of Lighthill's theory to calculate the far-field noise, with the sound source obtained from the calculated time-dependent near field, is demonstrated. Alternative approaches to coupling the near-field sound source to the far-field sound are discussed.
The ground-state energy of bulk matter in a quantum thermodynamic perturbation theory

Abstract We address the long-standing many-body problem of calculating the ground-state energy, and consequently the equation-of-state, of bulk (fermionic or bosonic) matter from first-principles--- namely, from the underlying interactions at the atomic level. One starts from the well-established low-density expansions for strongly-coupled systems and applies Pade approximant techniques to extrapolate to physical (liquid) densities. The initial expansions originated in infinite-order, field-theoretic, many-body perturbation theory, and contain just three to four “virial-like” coefficients known exactly to five-digits or more. We report applications to three neutral assemblies (Lennard-Jones and Aziz bosons, and hard-core-square-well nuclear matter) and compare with available computer-simulated results. A rearrangement of the perturbation expansion to be about the (non-trivial) fluid of repulsive particles, instead of about the ideal gas, is found useful. Briefly mentioned are connections to liquid-helium-four and type-II supernovae.
A role for luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the etiology of simple goiters in the pediatric population

Abstract In light of the progressive, pubertal increases in serum gonadotropin (FSH,LH) levels coinciding with the peak incidence of simple goiters; the common alpha subunits associated with the gonadotropins, TSH and hCG; the ability of LH and hCG to bind to thyroid TSH receptors and affect thyroid function; and, the probable interactions between thyroid hormones and gonadotropins, a role for gonadotropins in the etiology of simple goiters merits consideration.
Differential response of inducible mammalian liver enzymes toin vivo stimulation by ribonucleic acid and a nucleotide mixture

Abstract Stimulation of tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase activity 3- to 5-fold above the basal level is accomplished by intraperitoneal injection into intact rats of ribonucleic acid, nucleotide mixture, and hydrocortisone alone and in various combinations. These substances increase tryptophan pyrrolase activity only about 2-fold over the basal level. In adrenalectomized animals, ribonucleic acid or nucleotide mixture alone are ineffective in raising the level of activity above the basal level for either enzyme; hydrocortisone raises the levels 2- to 4-fold. The combinations of hydrocortisone plus ribonucleic acid or hydrocortisone plus nucleotide mixture raise tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase activity above that produced by hydrocortisone alone, but the level of tryptophan pyrrolase activity is not raised by these combinations above that produced by hydrocortisone alone.
Comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of Baylisascaris procyonis, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay.

Abstract Boyce W. M., Branstetter B. A. and Kazacos K. R. 1988. Comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of Baylisascaris procyonis , Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay. International Journal for Parasitology 18 : 109–113. Larval excretorysecretory (ES) antigens were collected from in vitro cultures of Baylisascaris procyonis , Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum and fractionated by sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Following SDS-PAGE, specific antigens were identified on Western blots by enzyme immunoassay using a panel of antisera raised in mice. Serum was collected from mice infected with either Ascaris suum , Toxocara canis , Baylisascaris procyonis , Baylisascaris melis , Baylisascaris transfuga , Baylisascaris columnaris or Toxascaris leonina . Widespread cross-reactivity was detected among ascaridid antisera reacted against ES antigens from T. canis , B. procyonis and A. suum . However, certain B. procyonis ES antigens were recognized only by sera from mice infected with Baylisascaris spp., and these antigens may be useful for the immunodiagnosis of infections caused by members of this genus.
Management of Septic Shock

The mortality among children with septic shock continues to be unacceptably high. Timely diagnosis and the use of appropriate monitoring and therapeutic modalities should help reverse this trend. The important areas of management include treating the underlying infection, ensuring adequate ventilation, restoring and maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balance, and the restoration of normal hemodynamics and organ perfusion by judicious use of plasma volume expanders and inotropic/vasoactive agents such as dopamine.
Molecular dynamics simulations of deformation in nanocrystalline Al-Pb alloys

Abstract A modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potential was developed and used for molecular dynamics (MD) straining simulations of Al–Pb alloys with a grain size of 10 nm and Pb content up to 3 at.%. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations done at 300 K indicated that all the Pb is segregated to the grain boundaries in these alloys. As the Pb content increases, partial dislocation nucleation at grain boundaries is suppressed, and the plastic strain is accommodated by mechanisms other than dislocation slip. The increasing Pb content was accompanied by a reduction in the yield and peak stress values.
Distinguished Transient Testing

The following conclusions deserve emphasis. 1. Many early studies contained logical conclusions reached from considerations or assumptions made in mathematical solution of particular transient flow problems. Although logical, many early conclusions have been found incorrect. Complete studies now possible with modern digital computers reveal that mathematical assumptions made in early studies often were of the ''sufficient'' rather than the ''necessary'' type. 2. Log-log type curves were found to permit diagnosis of early pressure transient data to select flow type (fracture or wellbore storage) and the start of the semilog straight line. 3. Interference testing was found to reveal important information on both flow conductivity and fluid content of a reservoir. Perhaps the most important conclusion resulting from interference testing is that mathematical solutions for ideal homogeneous systems of constant properties often do match real field data. This indicates that certain reservoir heterogeneities do not have a large impact on pressure/time data. 4. A study of pressure buildup and drawdown in rectangular bounded shapes shows that the two tests will not necessarily look the same for the same well. Furthermore, a doubling of slope indicating a nearby sealing fault may appear in a drawdown test, yet may not be apparent inmore » a buildup test. 5. The Horner-type pressure buildup graph appears superior to Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson plotting for a wide range of drainage shapes.« less
A monoclonal antibody to hemoglobin F.

A monoclonal antibody BMU7-17 which recognizes an antigenic site unique to the cyanogen bromide fragment, CB2 (residues 56 through 133) of the γ-chain of human hemoglobin has been produced using cell hybridization techniques. The antibody does not crossreact with hemoglobin A, the isolated α- or β-chains, or with hemoglobin of various mammals. Affinity chromatography on Staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose 4B and radial immuno-diffusion revealed the antibody to be of the mouse IgG 1 class. BMU7-17 identifies F cells in adult and in cord blood specimens, as demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The dissociation constant of the antibody as determined using tritiated hemoglobin F with a double antibody radioimmunoassay has a Kd=1.2×10−9 moles by Scatchard plot analysis.
Cytomorphology of Fibrocystic Change, High‐Risk, and Premalignant Breast Lesions

: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has proven to be an accurate and well-tolerated procedure with a reported specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 70–99%. Similarly, nonpalpable breast lesions can be effectively sampled by needle biopsies under radiologic guidance. Breast aspirates have also been extensively utilized for assessment of nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, ploidy status, and proliferation rate, and have proven to be an attractive alternative to surgical biopsy. Using strict cytologic criteria, it may also be possible to recognize the cytomorphologic changes in breast lesions that are associated with increased risk for subsequent development of breast cancer. Presence of myoepithelial cells within the clusters of atypical epithelial cells recognized morphologically and/or detected by immunostaining for muscle specific actin is an important diagnostic feature of proliferative breast disease with atypia (atypical hyperplasia). This recognition has significant clinical implications and is important in the design of chemoprevention trials. The cytologic distinction between carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer remains difficult.
Influence of total-dose radiation on the electrical characteristics of SOI MOSFETs

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies, have been developed for radiation-hardened applications for many years and are rapidly becoming a main-stream commercial technology. The total dose response of SOI devices is more complex than for bulk-silicon devices due to the buried oxide. Radiation-induced trapped charge in the buried oxide can increase the leakage current of partially-depleted transistors and decrease the threshold voltage and increase the leakage current of fully-depleted transistors. We review process and design techniques that have been developed to reduce the net amount of radiation-induced positive charge trapped in the buried oxide or to mitigate the effects of trapped charge in the buried oxide, respectively. We also compare the total dose response of devices operated in single-gate (SO) and double-gate (DG) mode as a function of silicon film thickness. DG-MOSFETs are systematically less sensitive to radiation-induced trapped charge and interface trap.
Fitting galactic rotation curves with conformal gravity and a global quadratic potential

We apply the conformal gravity theory to a sample of 111 spiral galaxies whose rotation curve data points extend well beyond the optical disk. With no free parameters other than galactic mass-to-light ratios, the theory is able to account for the systematics that is observed in this entire set of rotation curves without the need for any dark matter at all. In previous applications of the theory, a central role was played by a universal linear potential term $V(r)={\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}{c}^{2}r/2$ that is generated through the effect of cosmology on individual galaxies, with the coefficient ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}=3.06\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}30}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ being of cosmological magnitude. Because the current sample is so big and encompasses some specific galaxies whose data points go out to quite substantial distances from galactic centers, we are able to identify an additional globally induced universal term in the data, a quadratic $V(r)=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\kappa}{c}^{2}{r}^{2}/2$ term that is induced by inhomogeneities in the cosmic background. With $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ being found to be of magnitude $\ensuremath{\kappa}=9.54\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}54}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, through study of the motions of particles contained within galaxies we are thus able to both detect the presence of a global de Sitter-like component and provide a specific value for its strength. Our study suggests that invoking dark matter may be nothing more than an attempt to describe global physics effects such as these in purely local galactic terms.
Perceptual Salience as a Function of Nonverbal Expressiveness

This study investigates the stimulus properties characterizing the behavior of nonverbally expressive people and the cues that underlie these properties. Observers viewed brief video clips of 32 female subjects either high or low in expressiveness. While watching each clip, one set of observers segmented the subjects' behavior into meaningful units. A second set of observers rated the behavior on stimulus dimensions related to perceptual salience and also rated how noticeable each subject was. As predicted, expressives' behavior was seen as significantly more intense, more novel, more complex, and more changing, and the subjects themselves were judged to be more noticeable than the unexpressive subjects. Further expressives elicited a significantly higher segmentation rate than unexpressives. Nonverbal cue coding suggests that gestural animation has the stronigest impact on salience. The results are discussed in relation to salience effects and social influence processes.
Kinematics Simulation of a Tripod Parallel Universal Wrist

The prototype of a new 3-DOF tripod parallel universal wrist was developed. Its structure, characteristics and applications were introduced. The inverse kinematics model was established by the vector and kinematics influence coefficient method. The schematic diagram of simulation was established through the software — MATLAB/Simulink. Based on the above model and diagram, the inverse kinematics simulation was made. The simulation curves under different initial conditions about angle, acceleration, velocity, displacement varying as time processed can intuitively reflect the kinematic relation between the parallel bars and the moving platform of this mechanism and this is valuable and significative for the further research.
Mutations in Bacillus subtilis PyrR, the pyr regulatory protein, with defects in regulation by pyrimidines

The pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic (pyr) operon in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a transcriptional attenuation mechanism in which PyrR, a bifunctional pyr RNA-binding attenuation protein/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, plays a crucial role. A convenient procedure for isolation of pyrR mutants with defects in the regulation of pyr operon expression is described. The selection is based on the selection of spontaneous mutations that convert the pyrimidine-sensitive growth of cpa strain (lacking arginine-repressible carbamyl phosphate synthetase) to pyrimidine resistance. Twelve such mutants were isolated and sequenced. All resulted from point mutations in the pyrR gene.
An Introduction to Decision Analysis in the Economic Evaluation of the Prevention and Treatment of Vision-Related Diseases

Economic evaluation in the form of reports of cost-effectiveness of the treatment and prevention of disease has only recently found widespread application in the visual sciences. While economic evaluation takes a number of forms: cost-minimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis--it is the latter that is seen most often in the evaluation of vision-related health programs. Cost-effectiveness analysis is in particular seen most commonly in its very particular form of cost-utility analysis. Decision analysis is the analytic method most commonly used to perform cost-effectiveness analysis. In decision analysis, the expected cost and effectiveness of a health program are estimated in a rigorous fashion. In this report, we take the reader through the process of decision analysis including building the tree; populating the model with parameters for risk, cost and benefit; estimating expected cost and benefit; and deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Examples employed include prominent studies of the cost-effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for treatment of neovascular macular degeneration and the treatment ocular hypertension to prevent glaucoma.
Reducing Transformation Bias in Curve Fitting

(1984). Reducing Transformation Bias in Curve Fitting. The American Statistician: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 124-126.
Fictive temperature of fracture surface of a silica glass

Abstract Fictive temperatures of the fracture surface of a silica glass with high OH content were measured using FT-IR reflection method. The fracture surface exhibited a clearly higher fictive temperature than the original fictive temperature of the glass. The thickness of the fracture surface layer with higher fictive temperature was approximately 0.05 µm ± 0.02 µm and the highest fictive temperature of the fracture surface was estimated to be 70–80 °C above the glass transition temperature. The present results indicate that fracture of silica glass, considered to be one of the most brittle materials, is accompanied by inelastic deformation.
A Methodology for Collaborative Design Process and Conflict Analysis

Abstract The process of collaborative engineering design is relatively complex, and often results in various conflicts due to technical and social factors. Therefore, to understand the relationships between design process and design conflict is critical to improve the collaborative design productivity. This paper provides a methodology for analyzing collaborative design process and conflict based on a new Socio-Technical design framework. The methodology can identify the interdependencies among design tasks, and manipulate the evolution of various design perspectives to facilitate the management of design conflicts. An initial computer implementation of this methodology is presented and its features are discussed.
Determinants of a quality wild turkey hunting season.

According to the National Wild Turkey Federation, there has been a 450% increase in the number of licensed wild turkey hunters since 1973. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research articles focusing specifically on turkey hunting. Most human dimensions of wildlife research have focused on either deer or waterfowl hunting. In this study, dimensions of hunting quality, days afield, and harvest were examined among a sample of 739 Virginia fall turkey hunters. Quality of a hunting season, rather than a specific hunt, was examined. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed five domains of attributes of a high-quality turkey-hunting season: wildlife interaction, education, being away, social interaction, and hunting skills. The domains of hunting quality revealed by the PCA are similar to domains found previously for spring turkey hunters as well as other types of hunters. Also examined were hunter perceptions of overall hunting quality, the number of days spent hunting turkeys during the fall season, and harvest success. For comparative purposes and agency needs, hunters were segmented into three categories based on days spent hunting: low frequency (1 to 2 days), medium frequency (3 to 4 days), and high frequency (≥5 days). The influence of these variables to respondents’ perceptions of overall quality was examined using a series of regression models. Variables found to be significant predictors of quality were wildlife interaction and harvest success. Hunters who killed a turkey reported a significantly higher quality season than those who did not kill a turkey.
Statistical Classification in Anthropology: An Application to Ethnomusicology

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7294%28195606%292%3A58%3A3%3C464%3ASCIAAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-OAmerican Anthropologist is currently published by American Anthropological Association.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/anthro.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgSat Jun 23 12:20:17 2007
Regulation of pineal rhythms in chickens: photoperiod and dark-time sensitivity.

Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content exhibit marked daily rhythms in chickens: Peak values occur during the period of low locomotor activity which coincides with dark in a 24-hr light-dark regimen. Manipulation of the light-dark ratio (photoperiod) in 24-hr light-dark schedules modifies the shape of the oscillation in N-acetyltransferase activity so that the enzyme activity is always low in the light; total dark-time enzyme activity increases (17%) while average dark-time activity decreases linearly (35%) in response to a doubling of the length of the dark period. Dark-time pineal N-acetyltransferase activity decreases rapidly in response to a light signal during the dark; sensitivity of the dark-time enzyme activity to 10-min light signals is higher during the first half of the dark period and lower during the second half of the dark period in a light-dark cycle (LD12:12). N-acetyltransferase activity is regulated by light in such a way as to keep account of photoperiod and changes in photoperiod which could be of physiological utility. Photoperiod has a long-term effect on the N-acetyltransferase activity rhythm; it modifies the shape of the oscillation. Changes in photoperiod are also translated into modifications of the N-acetyltransferase activity rhythm: Rapid responses to light during the dark-time permit detection of an instantaneous change in the daily light-dark ratio.
Preparation and characterization of a branched bacterial polyester

The preparation, rheological behavior, and solution properties of branched poly(3-hydroxy butyrate)-co-(3-hydroxy valerate), PHBV, are described. Branching is produced by the use of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) during the reactive extrusion of PHBV. The shear viscosities of reactively extruded PHBV and the straight-chain polymer of similar molecular weight are nearly identical, but the reactively extruded PHBV's elongational viscosity is considerably higher. High elongational viscosity of these polymers results from a branched structure produced when extrusion is carried out in the presence of small amounts of DCP (0.025-0.3 wt %). Strain hardening is observed in the elongational response of the branched PHBV at all deformation rates and increases with increasing concentrations of DCP. Study of the solution properties of the linear and branched PHBV indicates larger hydrodynamic volume compared to that of polystyrene of comparable molecular weight. Mark-Houwink plots, observed for PHBV, exhibited increasing nonlinearity with increasing DCP content. Trifunctional branching frequencies computed on the basis of intrinsic viscosity ratios indicated explosive growth in branching, possibly due to the generation of microgel, when branching reactions are initiated with a DCP level exceeding 0.2 wt %.
Time‐dependent plasmapause motion

Time dependent plasmapause motion after increase and decrease in magnetic activity based on analytical model of plasma flow
Strongly Jónsson and strongly HS modules

Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be an infinite unitary R-module. Then M is a Jonsson module provided every proper R-submodule of M has smaller cardinality than M. In this note, we strengthen this condition and call an R-module M (which may be finite) strongly Jonsson provided distinct R-submodules of M have distinct cardinalities. We present a classification of these modules, and then we study a sort of dual notion. Specifically, we consider modules M for which M / N and M / K have distinct cardinalities for distinct R-submodules N and K of M; we call such modules strongly HS (see the introduction for etymology). We conclude the paper with a classification of the strongly HS modules over an arbitrary commutative ring.
Barrier engineering in superlattices and quantum dots for higher operating temperature

The third generation of infrared detectors has seen a lot of emphasis been placed on Higher Operating Temperature (HOT) devices. In our research group, we are investigating barrier engineering in two promising material systems namely the type II strained layer superlattices and quantum dots in a well (DWELL) heterostructure. In this paper, we will outline some of our recent approaches to use barrier engineering to obtain a lower dark current and higher operating temperature in these devices.
Magnetic resonance imaging demonstration of “Remodeling” of the aorta following balloon angioplasty of discrete native coarctation

Assessment of the hemodynamic and anatomic results following balloon angioplasty of discrete native coarctation of the aorta, with particular attention to “remodeling,” has required repeat cardiac catheterization and angiography, which is invasive and has limited resolution. Eight patients with hypertension and discrete native coarctation with an otherwise normally developed aortic arch underwent angioplasty at 5.0±6.8 years of age. Angiographic cross-sectional areas of the aorta indexed to body surface area at the isthmus (I), coarctation site (C), and 1 cm distal to the coarctation site (Cd) pre- and postangioplasty were compared with MRI-indexed cross-sectional areas 18±10 months (MRI-1) and 35±11 months (MRI-2) postangioplasty. From preangioplasty to MRI-2, the isthmus was smaller (149±22 versus 127±27 mm2/m2;p<0.05). The coarctation site was larger postangioplasty (25±9 versus 116±40 mm2/m2;p<0.001) with continued growth at latest follow-up (116±40 versus 164±36 mm2/m2;p<0.01). The segment 1 cm distal to the coarctation site continued to decrease in area at latest follow-up (267±78 versus 163 ±38 mm2/m2;p<0.001). I versus C versus Cd at MRI-2 were similar, whereas postangioplasty and MRI-1 cross-sectional area measurements were significantly different. Following angioplasty of discrete native coarctation, the aorta becomes more uniform or undergoes “remodeling.” Noninvasive MRI is an effective means of evaluating the anatomic result following balloon angioplasty, obviating the need for repeated invasive cardiac catheterizations.
CREB/ATF-Dependent Repression of Cyclin A by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Protein

Expression of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax is correlated with cellular transformation contributing to the development of adult T-cell leukemia. Tax has been shown to modulate the activities of several cellular promoters. Existing evidence suggests that Tax need not directly bind to DNA to accomplish these effects but rather that it can act through binding to cellular factors, including members of the CREB/ATF family. Exact mechanisms of HTLV-1 transformation of cells have yet to be fully defined, but the process is likely to include both activation of cellular-growth-promoting factors and repression of cellular tumor-suppressing functions. While transcriptional activation has been well studied, transcriptional repression by Tax, reported recently from several studies, remains less well understood. Here, we show that Tax represses the TATA-less cyclin A promoter. Repression of the cyclin A promoter was seen in both ts13 adherent cells and Jurkat T lymphocytes. Two other TATA-less promoters, cyclin D3 and DNA polymerase α, were also found to be repressed by Tax. Interestingly, all three promoters share a common feature of at least one conserved upstream CREB/ATF binding site. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we observed that Tax altered the formation of a complex(es) at the cyclin A promoter-derived ATF site. Functionally, we correlated removal of the CREB/ATF site from the promoter with loss of repression by Tax. Furthermore, since a Tax mutant protein which binds CREB repressed the cyclin A promoter while another mutant protein which does not bind CREB did not, we propose that this Tax repression occurs through protein-protein contact with CREB/ATF.
Electrochemical detection of trace insulin at carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes

Abstract Carbon-nanotube (CNT)-modified glassy-carbon electrodes dramatically accelerate the electrooxidation of insulin to offer an attractive amperometric detection of this important hormone. Hydrodynamic voltammograms indicate a substantial lowering of the detection potential, with oxidation starting above +0.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and leveling off of the response above +0.7 V. The flow-injection amperometric response (at pH 7.4) is highly linear (to at least 1000 nM), reproducible (RSD=4.8%;n=30), and fast (peak width of 45 s). The high sensitivity (48 nA/μM) and moderate detection potential (+0.8 V) lead to a low detection limit of 14 nM. Such performance characteristics compare favorably with those of previously reported metal-oxide-modified electrodes for insulin, and indicate great promise for in vivo measurements of insulin release and for monitoring this hormone in chromatographic effluents.
An Ordeal Among the T'O-Pa Wei

rupted their long lists of imperial progresses, victories, defeats, promotions, and demotions to record some interesting custom that immediately strikes our heart-strings and reminds us again that we are listening to the annals of people who actually lived and breathed people who were of the earth earthy. It is to one of these oases in the Chinese history of the northern nomadic tribes, especially the T'o-pa Wei who controlled varying portions of northern China between the years 399 and 534 of the Christian era, that we would now direct the reader's attention.
The Effects of Acute Ethanol Ingestion on Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

Single breath diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (DLco) were measured in 12 normal supine subjects before and after ingestion of 15 to 30 ml of 95 percent ethanol (ETOH) to determine if alcohol could acutely change the DLco. Both DLco and specific DLco (DLco/alveolar volume) were significantly decreased 90 minutes after the ingestion of alcohol. This change may be due to a direct effect of alcohol on the alveolar capillary interface by possibly interfering with a carbon monoxide carrier molecule. Another plausible explanation for the reduced diffusing capacity after ingestion of alcohol may be redistribution of blood from the lung to the periphery secondary to the hemodynamic effects of alcohol.
Immunodetection of c-met-oncogene's protein product in renal cell neoplasia.

The proto-oncogene c-met encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor and is expressed in normal kidney tissue. This receptor may be involved in the carcinogenesis of various organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between c-met immunohistochemical expression and pathological tumor variables in human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and adenomas (RAs). Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues from 35 RCCs, 16 RAs and 17 normal kidneys were immunostained (Strept. ABC/HRP) with a polyclonal antibody against c-met protein (Santa Cruz, Clone C-12). The statistical analysis was performed using the linear trend in proportions and Fisher's exact test. C-met protein was detected in the cytoplasm and the plasma membranes of neoplastic cells in 19/35 RCCs (54%), 10/16 adenomas (63%) (p = 0.41) and in 17/17 controls in the epithelial cells of distal renal tubules and collecting ducts. C-met protein expression was not related with gender (p = 0.45), age (p = 0.18), tumor size (p = 0.99), cell type (p = 0.26), grade (p = 0.86) and stage (p = 0.33). Moreover, c-met immunopositive tumor cell percentage and intensity were increased in stage [RCCs, but these results were not statistically significant. Apart from glandular differentiation, c-met protein expression was not related to other histopathological features (i.e. to the type of cells or to any selective overexpression in tumor cells). C-met product may be involved in the malignant transformation of tubular epithelial cells as an early event in RCC carcinogenesis. C-met expression does not seem to have any prognostic significance for RCCs, as it was not associated with any pathological prognosticator.
A tree-based method for fast melodic retrieval

The evolution of aurally queryable melodic databases (so-called query-by-humming systems) has reached a point where retrieval accuracy is relatively high, even at large database sizes. With this accuracy has come a decrease in retrieval speed as methods have become more sophisticated and computationally expensive. In this paper, we turn our attention to heuristically culling songs from our database that are unlikely given a sung query, in hopes that we can increase speed by reducing the number of matching computations necessary to reach the proper target song.
A Fully Pipelined Multiplierless Architecture for 2D Convolution with Quadrant Symmetric Kernels

Design of a fully pipelined multiplierless digital architecture for computing 2D convolution utilizing the quadrant symmetry of the kernels is proposed in this paper. Pixels in the four quadrants of the kernel region with respect to an image pixel are considered simultaneously for computing the partial results of the convolution sum. The new architecture performs computations in log-domain by utilizing low complexity log2 and inverse-log2 approximation modules. An effective data handling strategy is developed in conjunction with the logarithmic modules to eliminate the necessity of the multipliers in the architecture. The proposed architecture is capable of performing convolution operations for 181.3 1024 times 1024 frames or 190.1 million outputs per second with 22 times 22 kernels in a Xilinx's Virtex XC2V2000-4ff896 FPGA at maximum clock frequency of 190.1 MHz. The throughput of the new design is 3.17 times higher when compared with that of the previous implementations (Zhang et al., 2005). Evaluation in Xilinx's core generator showed that the proposed design results in 60% reduction in hardware resource when compared to the design using pipelined multipliers
Early domesticated sorghum from Central Sudan

LARGE quantities of carbonised Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench grains, spikelets (Fig. 1a) and inflorescence fragments sorted from about 2 foot3 of charred material found in a storage pit at Jebel et Tomat (13° 36′N, 32° 34′E) in Central Sudan (Fig. 2), and small amounts of carbonised sorghum found in eleven levels of the midden excavated there, suggest that sorghum was the staple grain of people who inhabited the site. The date of 245 ± 60 AD (UCLA 1874M) was obtained from a concentration of carbonised plant remains in the floor of the pit, which was dug into the dark clay loam on which the midden rests (Fig. 3) probably at about the same time as the accumulation of the middle or beginning of the upper unit of the midden. The remains of wickerwork matting and many fragments of thick stalks of cereal grass suggest that the pit may have been a silo lined with stalks and mats. If so, it is not dissimilar to the pits made today in the area for storing grain.
Water-borne Cryptosporidium: A perspective from the USA

In the USA, Cryptosporidium parvum has attracted considerable interest due to recent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis attributed to water supplies contaminated with oocysts. Because of its unprecedented magnitude, the outbreak which occurred in Milwaukee in April 1993 was widely publicized and studied. Information collected during this and other recent outbreaks is being evaluated by regulatory agencies and the water industry with the aim of designing cost-effective measures that will reduce the risk of future water-borne outbreaks, as discussed here by Giovanni Widmer, Margaretha Carraway and Saul Tzipori.
Elemental Uptake in Relation to Root Characteristics of Tall Fescue

Abstract HiMag, an accession of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), was selected for high magnesium (Mg) concentration in leaves to reduce grass tetany risk to ruminants. However, the mechanism for enhanced Mg uptake in HiMag leaves has not been determined. The objective was to investigate if increased Mg uptake in HiMag could be explained by differences in elemental distribution among plant parts, root characteristics, or organic acid concentrations compared to its parental cultivars, “Kentucky 31” (KY31) and “Missouri 96” (MO96). The study was conducted on a surface-irrigated calcareous Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). Vegetation and soil cores of 7.6-cm diameter were sampled to a 45-cm soil depth in 15-cm increments. Mass and ash were determined for leaves, crowns, and roots. Leaf area, root length, root area, root length density, elemental concentration, and uptake [potassium (K), calcium (Ca), Mg, sodium (Na), and phosphorus (P)], and malate and cit...
An explanation for USGS Station 6 record, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake: a caustic induced by a sedimentary wedge

Summary. The largest earthquake-induced acceleration yet recorded occurred at the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Strong Motion Array Station 6 during the 1979 October 15, Imperial Valley, California earthquake. This large acceleration (1.74 g, vertical component) is anomalously strong considering the low magnitude of the event (M= 6.4), and the fact that receivers in the immediate neighbourhood of Station 6 recorded much lower accelerations. Previous studies of the records by other investigators have suggested a number of explanations for the anomaly, several of which implicate the near-receiver geological structure. We present a detailed time and frequency domain analysis of the acceleration records at Stations 6, 5, 7, 8 and Diff Array to suggest that the anomalous acceleration is the consequence of the focusing of the incoming body waves by the lens-like effect of the sedimentary wedge between Imperial Valley and Brawley faults. The analyses include a detailed comparison of observed particle motions between neighbouring stations. Narrow band-pass filtered particle motions at Station 6 reveal the interaction of multipath arrivals as well as the frequency-dependent interference between them. Three-dimensional ray tracing experiments confirm the fact that the faulted sedimentary wedge is capable of focusing P-waves near Station 6. The interpretation that best combines theoretical and observed results is that amplification was due to the formation of an elliptic umbilic caustic with focus near the surface.
Dropping the Hyphen? Becoming Latino(a)-American through Racialized Assimilation

Early assimilation theorists predicted the eventual loss of ethnic distinctiveness for immigrants in the United States. In this paper, the author not only questions the possibilities that Latino and Latina Americans have for losing their ethnic distinctiveness, but also proposes that these possibilities vary widely within the Hispanic population. The central question posed in this paper is: In addition to traditional predictors of assimilation, do experiences of discrimination also affect ethnic identification patterns for Hispanics? Based on the analysis of two data sets, the 1989 Latino National Political Survey and the 2002 National Survey of Latinos, the author provides evidence that Latino/a Americans who have experienced discrimination are less likely to self-identify as "Americans," and more likely to self-identify with pan-ethnic or hyphenated American labels. The author contends that this is because experiences of discrimination teach some Latinos and Latinas that other citizens of the United States do not view them as "unhyphenated Americans." The author further proposes that, through a process of racialized assimilation, these Latin American immigrants and their children are becoming Latino and Latina Americans.
Solving connected row convex constraints by variable elimination

We propose an algorithm for the class of connected row convex constraints. In this algorithm, we introduce a novel variable elimination method to solve the constraints. This method is simple and able to make use of the sparsity of the problem instances. One of its key operations is the composition of two constraints. We have identified several nice properties of connected row convex constraints. Those properties enable the development of a fast composition algorithm whose complexity is linear to the size of the variable domains. Compared with the existing work including randomized algorithms, the new algorithm has favorable worst case time and working space complexity. Experimental results also show a significant performance margin over the existing consistency based algorithms.
Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone—Consideration of nominal standard dose

Abstract A study was made of 17 patients with chemodectoma of glomus jugulare and 23 patients with carcinoma of the auditory canal, middle ear or mastoid from the standpoint of the relationship between time dose fraction values and the occurrence of temporal bone osteoradionecrosis. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 1 of 17 patients with chemodectoma (6%) and 6 of 23 patients with carcinoma (26%) following curative radiation therapy. Of 12 patients who received radiation Nominal Standard Dose (NSD) value more than 2000 ret or time-dose-fraction value (TDF) 120 to the major portion of the temporal bone, seven developed osteoradionecrosis. No patient receiving a radiation volume less than this magnitude had such complications. The optimum doses for the chemodectoma of the glomus jugulare and the carcinoma of the auditory canal, middle ear or mastoid are suggested.
Using distraction to reduce reported pain, fear, and behavioral distress in children and adolescents: a multisite study.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Distraction during painful procedures has been shown to be effective in previous studies, yet this simple intervention is not used routinely. This study examined the effectiveness and feasibility of distraction in reducing behavioral distress, pain, and fear during venipuncture or intravenous insertion. DESIGN AND METHODS. A two-group randomized design with 384 children in 13 children's hospitals. RESULTS. Age was a significant factor in observed behavioral distress, reports of fear, and self-reported pain. The use of a kaleidoscope, however, did not significantly reduce pain or distress during venipuncture or IV insertion. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Failure of the distraction intervention to reach statistical significance in this study is puzzling, given anecdotal reports of clinical efficacy. Methodological issues may have obscured actual differences between experimental and control groups.
Patient-oriented outcome measures: The promise of definition

Abstract [Todd KH. Patient-oriented outcome measures: the promise of definition. Ann Emerg Med . December 2001;38:672-674.]
An Analytic Framework for the Evaluation of Coil Configurations for Parallel Transmission MRI With Subsampled Cartesian Excitation k -Space

The use of multiple independent simultaneous radio-frequency (RF) transmitters and coils, known as parallel transmission, has the potential to make multidimensional excitation applicable to a wide range of magnetic resonance imaging applications. The sensitivity profile of the RF coils in a parallel transmission system determines the performance of the system. We present a theoretical framework, allowing the evaluation of the performance of a coil array for parallel transmission. We show through theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation that the proposed framework predicts the fidelity of excitation that can be achieved by a given coil configuration in the presence of noise in the measured coil sensitivity profiles. We evaluate the fidelity of excitation achieved by four candidate coil configurations for a four-channel parallel transmission system with noisy coil sensitivity estimates. Theoretical results are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulation. The results give insight into the design of coil configurations for parallel transmission. In particular, optimal fidelity of excitation for subsampled Cartesian excitation k -space is achieved with a coil sensitivity profile having uniform amplitude and increasing linear phase for each channel. Such sensitivity profiles may be achieved with twisted birdcage coil designs.