cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On an -manifold in ⁿ near an elliptic complex tangent

In this paper, we will be concerned with the local biholomorphic properties of a real n-manifold M in C. At a generic point, such a manifold basically has the nature of the standard R in C. Near a complex tangent, however, the consideration can be much more complicated and the manifold may acquire a nontrivial local hull of holomorphy and many other biholomorphic invariants. The study of such a problem was first carried out in a celebrated paper of E. Bishop [BIS] where, for each sufficiently non-degenerate complex tangent, he attached a biholomorphic invariant λ, called the Bishop invariant. When the complex tangent is elliptic, i.e., when 0 ≤ λ < 12 (for a more precise definition, see §2), he showed the existence of families of complex analytic disks with boundary on M that shrink down to the locus of points in M with complex tangents. In particular, using the well-known continuity principle, one sees that the image M of such families is contained in the holomorphic hull of the manifold. At the time, he asked whether M gives precisely the local holomorphic hull of M , as well as certain uniqueness properties of the attached disks. He also proposed the problem of determining the fine structure of M near such complex tangents. Later, there appeared a sequence of papers concerning the smooth character of M in case M ⊂ C. Here we would like to mention, in particular, the famous theorem proved by Kenig-Webster in their deep work [KW1] which states that the local hull of holomorphy M near an elliptic complex tangent is a smooth Levi flat hypersurface with M ⊂ C as part of its smooth boundary. In another important paper of Moser-Webster [MW], a systematic normal form theory was employed for the understanding of the local biholomorphic invariants of M in case M is real analytic. When the Bishop invariant λ 6= 0, their method works in any dimension and even for some hyperbolic complex tangents; but it breaks down for complex tangents with λ = 0. Among other things, they showed that M can be biholomorphically mapped into the affine space
Helium Film Flow Dissipation with a Restrictive Geometry

We are continuing measurements of the dissipation in the thermally driven superfluid helium film. Previously result2 have been obtained using a glass post of either constant or stepped cross section to determine the applicability of the fluctuation dissipation model2 to the development of dissipation in film flow. Recently further support for the model was obtained from observations of the saturation of the fluctuations at large dissipation levels.3 The fundamental relation of the fluctuation-dissipation model as developed from film flow1 is $$\nabla \mu = - {A_f}vK\;\exp ( - {E_0}/kT)$$ (1) where A f is the film cross section normal to the flow, y the attempt frequency, K the quantum of circulation, and E 0 the energy of a critical fluctuation. The gradient of the chemical potential for thermally driven flow was taken as $$\nabla \mu = - s\nabla T$$ (1) . Earlier measurements with capillary potential probes4 were extended to examine the spread of dissipation similar to measurements by Keller5 for gravitationally driven film flow. These results indicate the dissipation can spread out over a centimeter of flow path. Thus it seemed useful to determine what effect the limitation of dissipation along the flow path would have on the character and growth of dissipation.
Seduction By Contract: Law, Economics and Psychology in Consumer Markets - Introduction

Consumers routinely enter into contracts with providers of goods and services. These contracts are designed by sophisticated sellers to exploit the psychological biases of consumers. They provide short-term benefits, while imposing long-term costs – because consumers are myopic and optimistic. They are excessively complex – because complexity allows sellers to hide the true cost of the product or service from the imperfectly rational consumer. Using both general theory and detailed case studies, this book explains the costs – to consumers and society at large – imposed by seductive contracts, and outlines a promising legal policy solution: Disclosure mandates. Simple, aggregate disclosures can help consumers make better choice. Comprehensive disclosures can facilitate the work of intermediaries, enabling them to better advise consumers. Effective disclosure would expose the seductive nature of consumer contracts and, as a result, reduce sellers’ incentives to write inefficient contracts.
Myelography in Cancer Patients: Modified Technique

Because of the frequency of multiple sites of involvement, a thorough evaluation of the entire spinal canal is essential for detection and treatment of spinal compression in cancer patients. For the examination of the entire spinal canal in cancer patients, a modified approach is described using water-soluble contrast medium (metrizamide), oil-based material (Pantopaque), and a “squeezing” technique for a complete myelographic block. Of 240 patients who underwent myelography for possible spinal compression, the squeezing technique was applied through a lumbar puncture to demonstrate a complete block in 39 patients; six of these had more than one block. Of the other 201 patients, the quality of the myelograms was satisfactory or excellent in 189 (94%).
Extraction and analysis of metabolic phosphates in plants

We have developed a method for extraction and simultaneous detection and quantification of nucleotides and other phosphate compounds in various tissues. Analyses were based on modification of a method previously applied to animal tissue using an automated chromato-graphic analyser developed in our laboratory. Utilizing perchloric acid extracts of peas (fresh and frozen), tomatoes, and other plant tissues, we detected 19 organic phosphate compounds with the automated phosphate analyzer. The method is generally applicable to plant tissue.
Ethical Internalism and Glaucon's Question

Dans le cadre du debat sur l'internalisme et l'externalisme ethiques, l'A. defend une version faible de l'internalisme comme reponse a la question de Glaucon: X est un bien moral, mais y a-t-il une raison de faire X ?. Examinant le lien conceptuel entre la predication morale et les raisons de l'action, l'A. montre que la connexion substantielle entre le bien moral et l'affirmation d'une raison d'action constitue la legitimite et le contenu meme de la morale fondee sur la rationalite des obligations.
Status of the Red Cell Na,K-Pump in Hyper- and Hypothyroidism

To investigate the status of the sodium-potassium pump in cells of human subjects with abnormal thyroid function, we measured the number of pump units as well as the cation transport activity of the pump in erythrocytes from 23 hyperthyroid and 7 hypothyroid patients. It was found that the number of Na+-K+-ATPase units in erythrocytes (as measured by ouabain binding) was significantly reduced in hyperthyroidism (mean 36% below controls, p less than 0.001). The rate of rubidium uptake by the same cells was also reduced, but to a smaller extent (mean 9%, p less than 0.02). These changes were reversible with control of the hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroid individuals showed changes in erythrocyte Na+-K+ pump which were in the opposite direction to those seen in hyperthyroidism. It is concluded that thyroid hormone exerts a marked negative influence on the number of Na+-K+ pump units in one easily available human cell type. The direction of the effect suggests a complex relationship between thyroid hormone and the level of the Na,K-ATPase in any one tissue. Whatever the cellular mechanism responsible for the effects observed in the red cell, these changes should provide a measure of thyroid hormone action at a cellular level and this may prove useful in the study of thyroid hormone physiology in man.
Single molecule observation of DNA electrophoresis in pluronic f127.

Single molecule fluorescence microscopy is used to follow the motion of long DNA molecules undergoing electrophoresis in Pluronic gels. We find that for low fields most DNA molecules follow tortuous paths through the gels, at an angle up to 90° from the field direction, while some molecules find paths along the field lines. In high fields, virtually all of the DNA molecules follow the field lines. In many cases, the molecules travel as compact coils with optically discernible radii smaller than in free solution. In other cases, the molecules extend and contract or travel in an extended configuration.
Statistical Analysis of a Yield Trial

Yield trials frequently have both significant main effects and a significant genotype x environment (GE) interaction. Traditional statistical analyses are not always effective with this data structure: the usual analysis of variance (ANOVA), having a merely additive model, identifies the GE interaction as a source but does not analyze it; principal components analysis (PCA), on the other hand is a multiplicative model and hence contains no sources for additive genotype or environment main effects; and linear regression (LR) analysis is able to effectively analyze interaction terms only where the pattern fits a specific regression model. The consequence of fitting inappropriate statistical models to yield trial data is that the interaction may be declared nonsignificant, although a more appropriate analysis would find agronomically important and statistically significant patterns in the interaction. Therefore, agronomists and plant breeders may fail to perceive important interaction effects.
Research ethics training on place-based communities and cultural groups

Funded by the National Science Foundation’s Ethics Education in Science and Engineering program, the Northeast Ethics Education Partnership (NEEP) has developed and implemented expanded human subjects training for graduate student researchers and faculty engaging with individuals and groups representing place-based communities and cultural groups. This paper reports on the importance of training graduate students in a series of short courses in environmental science, environmental engineering, and related fields including environmental studies, with an emphasis on research ethics involving place-based communities, cultural competence, and community-based research. New course content, recruitment, implementation strategies, and outcomes for this training effort at the two partnering universities are provided for this initiative.
Corrosion Properties of the Oxide Film Formed on Grade 12 Titanium in Brine under Gamma Radiation

Abstract The properties of the oxide film formed on Grade 12 titanium during free corrosion immersion in brine at 25 and 108 C, both under γ radiation at 1.5×105 rad/h (Ce137) and in its absence, have been investigated. It is found that γ radiation causes marked changes in the nature of the oxide produced on Grade 12 Ti in brine. It increases the relative amount of the anatase form of TiO2 and produces a less defective surface. Radiation also increases the number of possible cathodic reactions resulting from the generation of radiolytic products. The differences caused by γ radiation lead to less hydrogen absorption by Grade 12 Ti and to shifts of the open circuit potential (OCP) in the noble direction. There is also an indication that slightly greater corrosion of Grade 12 Ti may be caused by γ radiation.
Designing knowledge-based systems for incremental development

Abstract Many knowledge-based systems are developed in an incremental fashion because the knowledge is not fully understood at the start. To facilitate this process, the knowledge bases should be designed to accomodate revisions easily. This article presents a methodology for designing the knowledge bases to achieve this.
Development of an airmass-based regional climate change scenario

In middle latitudes, regional climates are largely determined by the frequency and character of different airmasses advected across the region. Airmass characteristics and frequencies are expected to be different in a warmer world. General circulation models are, for example, unanimous in projecting large temperature changes for high latitudes, the source region for polar airmasses. Conventional approaches to the construction of regional climate change scenarios are not able to capture such differences between airmasses. Here we present a new approach that assigns each day in the observed and model-produced records to one of three classes based on the upper-level flow, the steering current for airmasses. This approach permits an evaluation of a model's ability to reproduce the observed regional climate in terms of airmasses which is more insightful than a comparison of monthly means. The model used here, the CCM0 version of the NCAR model, was found to reproduce many of the observed December airflow features (the month chosen to demonstrate the approach) for the Lake Superior basin. The approach also permits a more insightful analysis of the projected changes under 2*CO2 conditions. The CCM0 projects a significant warming and moistening only for the northerly airflows. The northerly flows are also projected to become more frequent. To illustrate the significance of these results, daily scenarios of climate change were constructed from these projections and used in a lake evaporation model. It is found that the changes in the northerly flows projected by this model translate into a 19% reduction in the evaporative power of the air over Lake Superior (wind speeds held at present level).
Diffuse optical tomography to study ischemic stroke in preclinical rat models

We investigated hyperacute cerebral ischemia using diffuse optical tomography with the depth compensation algorithm (DCA) in rat models. Results suggest that this methodology has a great potential to monitor the effect of antistroke therapies.
PMI: mortgage backstop from the Alger Report to Dodd-Frank

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical perspective and going-forward assessment of the importance of private mortgage insurance (PMI) entities in the residential-lending landscape in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Financial data from the PMI entities and federal income tax data were analyzed to comment on the importance of the PMI entities in the historical and current mortgage-lending environment. Findings – PMI entities played a critical role in expanding the population of mortgage candidates for financial institutions. Through the guarantees offered by PMI entities, financial institutions granted loans to individuals who otherwise would not have qualified for mortgages. Originality/value – No prior research has assessed the overall historical role played by these primary PMI entities.
Indoor air quality in Latino homes in Boulder, Colorado

Abstract Indoor concentrations of airborne pollutants can be several times higher than those found outdoors, often due to poor ventilation, overcrowding, and the contribution of indoor sources within a home. Americans spend most of their time indoors where exposure to poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can result in diminished respiratory and cardiovascular health. This study measured the indoor air quality in 30 homes of a low-income Latino community in Boulder, Colorado during the summer of 2012. Participants were administered a survey, which included questions on their health conditions and indoor air pollution sources like cigarette smoke, heating fuel, and building materials. Twenty-four hour samples of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from the indoor air were collected in each home; ambient PM 2.5 samples were collected each day as well. Concurrent air samples were collected onto 47 mm Teflo and Tissuquartz filter at each location. Teflo filters were analyzed gravimetrically to measure PM 2.5 and their extracts were used to determine levels of proteins and endotoxins in the fine fraction. The Tissuquartz filters were analyzed for elemental and organic carbon content (EC/OC). Results indicated that the indoor air contained higher concentrations of PM 2.5 than the ambient air, and that the levels of OC were much higher than EC in both indoor and outdoor samples. This community showed no smoking in their homes and kept furry pets indoors at very low rates; therefore, cooking is likely the primary source of indoor PM. For responders with significant exposure to PM, it appeared to be primarily from occupational environments or childhood exposure abroad. Our findings indicate that for immigrant communities such as this, it is important to consider not only their housing conditions but also the relevant prior exposures when conducting health assessments.
Twenty-Four Hour Total and Dietary Fat Oxidation in Lean, Obese and Reduced-Obese Adults with and without a Bout of Exercise

Background It has been hypothesized that obese and reduced-obese individuals have decreased oxidative capacity, which contributes to weight gain and regain. Recent data have challenged this concept.
An Examination of an Enhancing Effect of Music on Attentional Abilities in Older Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

While the effect of listening to music on cognitive abilities is highly debated, studies reporting an enhancing effect of music in elderly populations appear to be more consistent. In this study, the effects of listening to music on attention in groups of cognitively normal older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment were considered. Participants were exposed to both a music and silence condition, and after each condition performed Digit Span and Coding tasks which require attention for maximal performance. The hypothesis that listening to music, compared to a silence condition, enhances performance was not supported for either group. Various explanations for these findings are considered.
Local cohomology with support in a parameter ideal

Abstract Motivated in part by an attempt to understand better the notion of a parameter-like sequence introduced in Hochster (2003) [7, (2.2)] , we study results concerning the heights of the annihilators and the finiteness of the dimension of the socle in certain local cohomology modules with support in a parameter ideal. We obtain positive results under certain hypotheses of low dimension or codimension, but we also find examples that show, in the general case, that support in a parameter ideal does not restrict the behavior of local cohomology much more than support in an arbitrary ideal. The results obtained here strongly suggest that it would be worthwhile to seek a modification of the notion of a parameter-like sequence introduced in [7] .
Management of Hodgkin lymphoma

Approximately 7350 new cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are diagnosed annually in the United States. The incidence of HL has a bimodal pattern, with the highest incidence seen in young adults and in elderly patients. The disease is composed of 2 distinct entities: the more commonly diagnosed classical HL and the rare nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. Classical HL includes the subgroups nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte rich. Selection of the appropriate therapy is based on accurately assessing the stage of disease. Patients with early-stage disease are treated with combined modality strategies using abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy, whereas those with advanced-stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy without radiation therapy. Currently, more than 80% of all patients with newly diagnosed HL are expected to be long-term survivors. Although many patients respond well to initial therapies and have durable long-term remissions, a subset of patients has resistant disease and experiences relapse even after subsequent high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. New therapies are clearly needed for these patients.
Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some mesoionic xanthine analogs

Natural abundance 13C NMR chemical shifts have been experimentally determined for a series of mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5,7-diones. The spectral data are compared with those of related mesoionic dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5,7-diones and mesoionic 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5,7-diones. Resonable correlation between the observed 13C NMR chemical shifts and CNDO/2 total charge densities have been obtained for the different carbon atoms of 8-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5,7-dione.
Unique aspects of tuberculosis in the pediatric population.

Similar to the increase seen in the United States rate of tuberculosis in adults since 1985, the number of cases of childhood tuberculosis has increased, but at an even more significant pace. Because of the nature of this disease, the health-care provider is frequently called to evaluate an entire family unit, which may include adults, adolescents, and children. Even though it is easy to assume that children are little adults, there are some unique features of childhood tuberculosis that require a different approach than the one used for adults. This review will attempt to highlight those differences and provides a better understanding of the management of tuberculosis in this age group.
Collective Trust within Organizations: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Insights

This paper introduces a conception of collective trust applied to organizational settings. In contrast with widely studied interpersonal forms of trust, collective trust is conceptualized as a kind of generalized trust conferred on other organizational members. The paper elaborates on the psychological, relational, and structural underpinnings of collective trust. It then explicates individual and organizational consequences. The paper also discusses methodological approaches to studying collective trust, ranging from laboratory simulations to field-based, qualitative studies. Representative findings from such studies are summarized.
Breaking Bad News: A Primer for Radiologists in Breast Imaging

The task of breaking bad news, whether news of need for biopsy or a new breast cancer diagnosis, is increasingly performed by breast imaging radiologists. Most radiologists have little exposure to didactic teaching or modeling for learning methods of breaking bad news. Understanding barriers for communicating bad news and general improvements in communication, such as avoiding jargon and active listening, are initial steps in learning this important task. Bad news should be communicated to a patient in a supportive environment and directly in simple, but not blunt, terms. The amount of news delivered at any one time must be judged by a patient's response. It may be preferable to deliver bad news in smaller portions to allow time for a patient to cope. The use of a "warning shot," particularly at the time of diagnostic imaging, can be helpful to alert patients to forthcoming bad news. Common patient responses to bad news include shock, disbelief, denial, fear, anger, and guilt. An empathetic response from a physician demonstrates support. In breast imaging, providing a patient with perspective about her risk for breast cancer or the characteristics of the cancer if early may instill hope without giving false reassurance. Establishing a plan, typically an appointment with a breast surgeon in the setting of breast cancer, allows a patient to have a sense of control over her disease. Offering additional support also demonstrates empathy. The task of delivering bad news is an important task that, if done well, improves patients' ability to cope with their disease.
Sensor networks for the sciences

Lessons from the field derived from developing wireless sensor networks for monitoring active and hazardous volcanoes.
Ethanol-Induced Apoptosis to Stable HepG2 Cell Lines Expressing Human Cytochrome P-4502E1

In a previous study (Wu and Cederbaum, J. Biol. Chem. 271:23914-23919, 1996), ethanol was shown to be cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, which were transduced to express human cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) but not to control HepG2 cells. The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether this toxicity was apoptotic in nature. Incubation of CYP2E1-expressing HepG2 cells with 100 mM ethanol for 2 days produced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation (in situ labeling, flow cytometry, and DNA ladder formation) indicative of apoptosis. No changes were observed in the control HepG2 cells that do not express CYP2E1. Ethanol-induced apoptosis was also observed in HepG2 cells transiently transfected to express CYP2E1. The ethanol-induced apoptosis was prevented by 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ethanol oxidation by CYP2E1, and by trolox, an antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation. Ethanol treatment of the cells expressing CYP2E1 resulted in increased activities of caspases 1 and 3. An inhibitor of these caspases prevented the ethanol-induced apoptosis in the stable cell lines and the transiently transfected cell lines. Ethanol did not cause apoptosis in a HepG2 cell line overexpressing bcl-2 plus CYP2E1, but did cause apoptosis in cell lines expressing CYP2E1 in the absence of bcl-2. These experiments demonstrate that ethanol can produce apoptosis in HepG2 cells that express CYP2E1. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation can be associated with apoptotic cell death. The prevention of the ethanol-induced apoptosis by 4-methylpyrazole and by trolox suggests that production of a prooxidative state as a consequence of ethanol oxidation by CYP2E1 results in eventual activation of caspases such as caspases 1 and 3, which can trigger the apoptotic process.
African American and non-Hispanic white children's health: integrating alternative explanations.

Objectives. Three questions were examined: does a structural equation model (SEM) of the links among family resources (socioeconomic status, SES), sociocultural (perception of quality of care), structural (health insurance coverage and health care utilization), parental psychological resources (parental depression and perception of quality of parenting), and child health apply similarly across blacks and whites? Do the items used to indicate the factors exhibit differences across groups? Is race/ethnicity associated with differences in structural paths? Design. Data on 18,092 black and white children (ages 0–11) from the 2002 National Survey of American Families data set was used. A two-stage, eight-step multigroup SEM was used to examine the associations among family resources, sociocultural, structural, parental psychological resources and child health status. Results. First, the patterning of the structural model applied similarly to black and whites. Second, there were some differences in factor loadi...
Employment-based health insurance is failing: now what?

ABSTRACT: Employment-based health insurance is failing. Costs are out of control. Employers have no effective strategy to deal with this. They must think strategically about fundamental change. Thi...
Studies on an insoluble cholesterol-cholesterol esterase complex☆

Abstract Evidence is presented for a relatively specific complexing of cholesterol esterase of different sources to crystalline cholesterol. After mixing the sterol and enzyme, and washing the crystalline residue, the insoluble complex was transferred to assay vials containing only fatty acid and bile salt. Measurement of protein and cholesterol esterifying activity showed varying amounts of enzyme binding to the sterol substrate with increased specific activities of from 2- to 83-fold, depending on the enzyme source. Similar results were obtained when cholesterol column chromatography was used. Evidence is also presented for an absolute bile salt requirement for enzymic activity even after complex formation. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
Extraction of bismuth as iodide with isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol

Abstract The optimum iodide concentration (excess) for the extraction of bismuth as Bil 3 into isoamyl acetate from 1—5 N sulfuric acid solution is approximately 5.10 -3 M . At this iodine concentration the extraction coefficient [Bi] isoamyl acetate/[Bi]H 2 O is approximately 130 (25-30°) when the ratio of isoamyl acetate to aqueous phase is 1 : 4. Mixturcs of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol in the proper ratios extract Bil 3 to a greater extent than either solvent alone.
Observation of opposite 4f-surface core level binding energy shifts for W(111) and Ta(111)

Abstract Surface 4f core level binding energy shifts have been measured in photoemission from W(111) and Ta(111). The surface shift was found to change sign across the row of 5d-metals: for the topmost layer of Ta(111) a +0.40 eV shift toward higher binding energy is found, whereas for W(111) the shift is -0.43 eV toward lower binding energy. The shifts are shown to be dependent on surface crystallography. Chemical shifts are determined for saturation coverage of hydrogen.
Effects of leaf-harvesting practices on yield and yield components of ER-7 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in semi-arid Botswana

Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important protein source in the diet of much of Botswana. The plant is harvested for green leaves as a vegetable as well as for grain. Leaves are harvested throughout the growing season, but the effect of this practice on yield of dry beans is not well known. ER-7, an erect, early-maturing introduction from Nigeria, was used to investigate the effect of leaf removal at two crucial stages of development and at two levels of intensity. Eighty percent leaf removal at bloom reduced seed yield by 38%. At 30 days after planting (vegetative stage) the effect of 30% and 80% leaf harvesting on seed yield and yield components was negligible. The same was true for 30% leaf harvest at bloom. The study showed that ER-7, although an extra-early-maturing variety with erect growth habit and few branches has greater regenerative capacity than anticipated, and will withstand heavy leaf-harvesting at an early stage or light removal at bloom.
Metric Scaling for Dimensionality Reduction of Disordered Protein Dynamics

One of the central tenets of molecular biology is the “protein structure-function” paradigm, which states that proteins adopt rigid 3-dimensional structures that are responsible for their function. There is now growing evidence that some proteins and protein domains exist as intrinsically disordered forms. Since traditional tools of biomolecular modeling focus on the fluctuation of the protein around a reference or canonical structure, new approaches are needed that do not use a single reference structure to define a metric for the dynamics of disordered biomolecules. Seemingly similar dynamics are observed for globular proteins during the folding process, so such techniques would also be beneficial to the study of non-equilibrium processes involving globular proteins. We show how classical metric scaling applied to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a class of entirely disordered proteins (outside of a small anchoring domain) involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, the FG-nucleoporins (FG-nups), develops several key insights into the dynamics of the FG-nups, the adequacy of our simulation protocols, and also provides low-dimensional, detailed maps of the conformation space explored by the FG-nups. We then compare our results to those obtained from simulations of several unfolded globular proteins to see if the dynamics of folding proteins differ even at the earliest stages of the folding process.
On the utility of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory.

Study Design. Two studies evaluated to West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory. This 52-item inventory contains 12 scales divided into 3 parts: 1) interference, support, pain severity, self-control, and negative mood; 2) punishing responses, solicitous responses, and distracting responses; and 3) household chores, outdoor work, activities away from home, and social activities. Objectives. The objective of study 1 was to investigate the internal structures of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory and its demographic correlates. The objective of study 2 was to explore its external correlates (construct validity). Summary of Background Data. The Multidimensional Pain Inventory appears promising because of its brevity, scope, ease of administration, and initial results. Despite this, it has attracted very little attention in the orthopedic literature since its introduction nearly a decade ago. Method. The internal structure was examined using oblique multiple group confirmatory factor analysis. Demographic correlates were examined using discriminant analysis. The external correlates were examined using multiple regression and discriminant analysis. Results. The items' proposed structure fit well except that two pairs of scales are poorly separated: 1) activities away from home and social activities, and 2) solicitous responses and distracting responses. Correlations with external criteria are meaningful. Conclusions. The Multidimensional Pain Inventory meets standards of reliability and convergent validity, and it may be an improvement over current psychometric devices used to this same end
Enhancement of Mammary Carcinogenesis by High Levels of Dietary Fat: A Phenomenon Dependent on Ad Libitum Feeding

Female 55-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single intravenous dose of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 2 mg/100 g of body weight each. At 60 days of age, the rats were divided into four dietary groups (41-42 rats/group):I, 5% corn oil diet fed ad libitum; II, 20% corn oil diet fed ad libitum; III, 5% corn oil diet fed 12% less than group I; and IV, 20% corn oil diet fed 12% less than group II. The 5% and 20% corn oil diets were purified semisynthetic diets that were isonutrient on a caloric basis. All animals were housed individually in single cages; food consumption of each animal was computed daily throughout the study. Sixteen weeks after carcinogen treatment, mean numbers of mammary carcinomas per rat (+/- SE) in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.1 +/- 0.6, 6.8 +/- 0.7, 3.0 +/- 0.3, and 4.1 +/- 0.5, respectively. Mean weight of mammary carcinomas per rat (g +/- SE) in groups I, II, III, and IV were 3.5 +/- 0.7, 8.0 +/- 1.3, 3.0 +/- 1.1, and 4.6 +/- 1.3, respectively. Mammary carcinoma number and weight were significantly (P less than .01) increased in the animals fed the 20% corn oil diet ad libitum when compared with those fed the 5% corn oil diet ad libitum; however, no significant differences in mammary tumor number or weight were observed between the animals fed a restricted, 20% corn oil diet and those fed a restricted, 5% corn oil diet. The study involving the animals fed the 12%-restricted diets was repeated (38-42 rats/group), with virtually identical results, i.e., the mean number of mammary carcinomas per rat in the groups fed the restricted 5% fat and 20% fat diets at termination of the study was 3.1 +/- 0.4 and 3.7 +/- 0.3, respectively, and the mean weight (g) of mammary carcinomas per rat was 4.3 +/- 1.2 and 4.0 +/- 1.1, respectively (no significant differences). Thus, high levels of dietary fat can significantly enhance mammary carcinogenesis in female rats, but only in animals on an ad libitum feeding protocol. A slight restriction in amount consumed (12% less than ad libitum) abolished the mammary carcinogenic differential between a high-fat and a low-fat diet.
Pregnancy complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome: outcomes with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Abstract Objective: To assess maternal and fetal outcomes in 15 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (19 pregnancies) treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IV Ig) during pregnancy. Methods: Monthly IV Ig therapy was initiated in the first or early second trimester of all pregnancies except two. Additional therapy consisted of low-dose aspirin and subcutaneous heparin. Six patients also received steroid therapy. Serial anticardiolipin IgG levels were measured in eight pregnancies. Results: The live-birth rate was 84% (16 of 19 live births), and there were three pregnancy losses. There were no cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Preeclampsia and nonreassuring fetal status were each diagnosed in 25% of the pregnancies. Seventy-five percent of the infants were delivered at 34 weeks’ gestation or later. Anticardiolipin IgG decreased throughout the course of therapy in seven pregnancies. Placental pathology was minimal. Conclusion: Pregnancy complications appear to be minimized with the use of IV Ig. Definitive recommendations regarding the use of IV Ig in pregnancy await the conclusion of randomized trials. If the combination of IV Ig, aspirin, and heparin significantly decreases the incidences of FGR and prematurity, it may be a cost-effective primary therapy for pregnancies complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome.
Input signal design to estimate interwell connectivities in mature fields from the capacitance-resistance model

Interwell connectivities are fundamental parameters required to manage waterfloods in oil reservoirs. Data-driven models, such as the capacitance-resistance model (CRM), are fast tools to estimate these parameters from time-correlations of input (injection rates) and output (production rates) signals. Noise and structure of the input time-series impose limits on the information that can be extracted from a given data-set. This work uses the CRM to study general prescriptions for the design of input signals that enhance the information content of injection/production data in the estimation of well-to-well interactions. Numerical schemes and general features of the optimal input signal strategy are derived for this problem.
Numerical determination of hysteresis parameters for the modeling of magnetic properties using the theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis

The authors describe how the various model parameters needed to describe hysteresis on the basis of the Jiles-Atherton theory can be calculated from experimental measurements of the coercivity, remanence, saturation magnetization, initial anhysteretic susceptibility, initial normal susceptibility, and maximum differential susceptibility. The determination of hysteresis parameters based on this limited set of magnetic properties is of the most practical use since these are the properties of magnetic materials that are most likely to be available. >
Closed range and relative regularity for products

Abstract Let B be a closed linear transformation of the Banach space X into the Banach space Y and let A be a bounded linear transformation of Y into the Banach space Z . A simple condition is shown to be necessary and sufficient for AB to have closed range. Provided B is relatively regular there is a simple necessary and sufficient condition for AB to be relatively regular. Provided B + and A + are pseudoinverses for B and A , respectively, the condition that B + A + is a pseudoinverse for AB is completely characterized.
Locked‐in stress in viscoelastic Earth materials

Contrary to popular belief, viscoelastic Earth material can adjust itself to its pressure environment over extended periods of geologic time. When this happens, the internal shape of the material then possesses an internal equilibrium pressure. Solid rocks are expected to contain shear stresses that are dependent on the configuration of the rock and the difference between their current pressure environment and the equilibrium pressure. This pressure could date from the rock's formation, an episode of metamorphism, a tectonic deformation, or a long period of slow, viscous relaxation. We should regard the internal equilibrium pressure as an intrinsic physical property of Earth materials.
Family conflict, autonomic nervous system functioning, and child adaptation: state of the science and future directions.

The family is one of the primary contexts of child development. Marital and parent–child conflict (family conflict) are common and predict a wide range of negative behavioral and emotional outcomes in children. Thus, an important task for developmental researchers is to identify the processes through which family conflict contributes to children's psychological maladjustment, as well as vulnerability and protective factors in the context of family conflict. In the current paper, we aim to advance a conceptual model that focuses on indices of children's autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning that increase vulnerability or provide protection against psychological maladjustment in the context of family conflict. In doing so, we provide a selective review that reflects the state of the science linking family conflict, children's ANS activity, and child psychological adjustment, and offer directions and guidance for future research. Our hope is to accelerate research at the intersection of family conflict and ANS functioning to advance understanding of risk and resilience among children.
High Rate Convergent Synthesis and Deposition of Polyamide Dendrimers using a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor

Polyamide dendrons and dendrimers have been synthesized using a continuous-flow microreactor. Furthermore, the synthesized polyamide dendron was deposited onto functionalized glass surface through the formation of amide bond using a facile coupling procedure via a microreactor. The dendron deposition process involved two major steps: the functionalization of the native glass surface using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and followed by coupling of the synthesized polyamide dendron with an aminosilanised surface. Compared with the conventional synthesis method, the microreactor provides a comparable yield, selectivity and a considerably faster synthesis rate. Nanostructured polyamide G1 dendron thin films could be deposited using an impinging flux from this microreactor in minutes.
Planum temporale asymmetries in great apes as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (mri)

THE planum temporale (PT), a portion of Wernicke's area, is important for linguistic functions in humans and is larger in the left compared to the right hemisphere. In this study, we assessed the presence and size of the PT in a sample of non-human primates including 21 great apes, four lesser apes, 11 Old World monkeys and eight New World monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging. The PT was measured in both the sagittal and coronal planes by use of multiplanar reformatting software. The PT could only be identified in the sample of great apes and not in the remaining non-human primate species. Within the great ape sample, the PT was larger in the left hemisphere than in the right in a statistical majority of the subjects. These results are consistent with the notion that the PT evolved as a definable structure about 15 million years ago and may have arisen as a result for selection for greater cortical folding which in turn led to greater gyrification in larger brains.
Rotating gas-liquid flows in finite cylinders : Sensitivity of standing vortices to end effects

The spiraling and straight gas-filled vortices formed by a rotating mixture of a gas and a liquid flowing through a finite-length cylinder are the subject of this paper. The working fluids considered are primarily helium and water. The bubbly liquid enters and leaves the cyclone-type separator tangentially. A gas-core vortex forms due to the resulting swirling motion of the mixture and, ideally, most of the gas leaves through an opening centered in the inlet end-wall of the vertical cylinder. The sensitivity of the gas-core configurations to the relative angle between the tangential inlet and outlet (φ) and to the length-to-diameter ratio of the cylinder (L/D) are investigated experimentally. Direct observations of the flow field are made using video and still cameras. The various gas-core vortex configurations are classified in a stability diagram. Although, as many as eight different types of core patterns have been identified, they are of two basic modes: straight and helical-spiral, or combinations of these. However, the straight mode is neither perfectly straight nor axisymmetric; it contains some non-uniformities. In an L/D-versus-φ plane, a linear ridge exists that is a sensitive stability line dividing the regimes of the straight and helical-spiral modes. The relationship between the two modes is examined, and the statistics of the wavelength and diameter of the helical spiral are given. A kinematic model is deducted and is used to explain the observed changes in the geometric parameters of the gas core.
Substance use among women receiving post-rape medical care, associated post-assault concerns and current substance abuse: Results from a national telephone household probability sample

Objective To examine post-rape substance use, associated post rape medical and social concern variables, and past year substance abuse among women reporting having received medical care following a most recent or only lifetime incident of rape.
Controlled self-assembly of gold nanoparticles mediated by novel organic molecular cages

Artificial nanocomposite structures offer a pathway to the development of engineered materials with novel macroscopic properties. Manufacturing the composite materials in a highly efficient yet precise manner remains a challenge and self-assembly of functional nanomaterials offers an attractive solution. In this paper, shape-persistent three-dimensional cage molecules have been used, for the first time, for the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles. The modular construction of cage molecules allows for precise control of inter-particle spacing down to the molecular level. Furthermore, the ability to change the number and flexibility of binding sites provides a means to tune the self-assembly process. We have designed and synthesized two types of cage molecules equipped with different numbers of binding groups with different flexibility. A systematic analysis of the optical and structural characterizations show that the inter-particle spacing within the self-assembled structures are precisely controlled by the choice of the cage molecules. These results highlight that the new self-assembly approach based on molecular cage linkers provides nanometric control over the self-assembled structure.
Multiple upstream AUG codons mediate translational control of GCN4

GCN4 encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast that is regulated at the translational level. The 5' leader of GCN4 mRNA contains four small open-reading-frames. By constructing point mutations in the initiation codons of these sequences, we show that they are essential for translational repression of GCN4. Each upstream AUG codon can repress translation; however, the two 3' proximal AUG codons are much more inhibitory than the 5' proximal AUG codons. Unexpectedly, the first AUG codon is required for efficient GCN4 expression under starvation conditions. This positive function appears to involve antagonism of the inhibitory effect of the 3' proximal AUG codons since it is dispensable in the absence of these sequences. The interaction between the upstream AUG codons is modulated by the trans-acting factors GCN2 and GCD1 in response to amino acid availability.
Did Charles Fox prepare his speeches

(1938). Did Charles Fox prepare his speeches? Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 17-26.
Relationships of two light chain immunoglobulins isolated from the same human source (low molecular weight immunoglobins).

Abstract Two crystalline immunoglobulins from the urine of a single patient have been characterized. The κ-chain protein with a molecular weight near 17,000 appeared to be a portion of the larger Bence-Jones protein molecule and thus could be a precursor. The interpretations of these studies are complicated since both of the crystalline proteins appeared to be mixtures of closely related molecules.