cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Automatic Alignment Methods for Slide Generation from Academic Papers

In this paper we investigate the task of automatic generation of slide presentations from academic papers, focusing initially on slide to paper alignment. We compare and evaluate four different alignment systems which utilize various combinations of methods used widely in other alignment and question answering approaches, such as TF-IDF term weighting and query expansion. Our best aligner achieves an accuracy of 75% and our findings show that for this application, average TF-IDF scoring performs more poorly than a simpler method based on the number of matched terms, and query expansion degrades aligner performance.
Arcus marginalis release II via endoscopic midface-lift.

Tear troughs in combination with midfacial ptosis may be early and synergistic signs of aging. Premaxillary and suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) descent decreases soft tissue volume covering the orbital rim, while prolapsing retroseptal fat actually underscores the resulting tear trough shadow. This volume change precedes skin redundancy. Thus, volume redistribution avoiding external skin incisions is the adequate treatment. De la Plaza’s transconjunctival lower lid blepharoplasty is a reliable tool for arcus marginalis release. For patients also requiring an endoscopic midface-lift, even the transconjunctival incision for intraorbital fat compartment realignment can be avoided by performing the release of the lower orbita septum via the buccal mucosa incision.
Tenidap: a novel inhibitor of calcium influx in a mast cell line

The anti-inflammatory agent tenidap has previously been shown to inhibit antigen-induced secretion in tumor mast cells. We have investigated the possibility that this effect is due to modulation of the Ca2+ response in mast cells and in particular that tenidap might be an inhibitor of the Ca2+ influx pathway or channel in these and other non-excitable cells. Tenidap inhibited the antigen-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ measured both in cell suspensions and at the single cell level using digital imaging of Fura-2 fluorescence. Tenidap also inhibited both antigen- and thapsigargin-induced 45Ca influx across the plasma membrane at concentrations similar to those required for the inhibition of secretion. Somewhat unexpectedly, the compound itself caused some release of calcium from intracellular stores; however, this effect did not appear to be related to the inhibition of calcium influx or secretion. In mouse pituitary tumour (AtT-20) cells, tenidap inhibited depolarization-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ suggesting that this compound also inhibits Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels. We conclude that tenidap has a number of interesting effects on calcium handling which makes it a potentially valuable tool for the study of calcium movements particularly in non-excitable cells.
The effects of Ag underlayer and Pt intermediate layers on the microstructure and magnetic properties of epitaxial FePt thin films

Abstract In this work, Ag underlayers, which have a slightly larger lattice parameter than FePt, were found not only to induce epitaxial growth of the FePt films but also to reduce the temperature at which the atomic ordering occurred. Without using the Ag underlayer, the FePt film deposited onto the hydrofluoric acid etched-Si substrate was FCC disordered. When Ag underlayers were used the FePt unit cells were expanded in the film plane. This caused the shrinkage of the FePt unit cells along the film normal direction and resulted in the in situ ordering of the FePt thin film at reduced temperatures. Furthermore, it was found that the degree to which the FePt unit cells contracted along the film normal varied when a Pt intermediate layer was added. This resulted in FePt thin films with different textures and magnetic properties. The microstructural and magnetic properties of the FePt films prepared at various substrate temperatures, FePt thicknesses, Ag underlayer thicknesses and with the use of the Pt intermediate layer were studied to investigate the L10 FePt ordering.
Automated selection of optimal Gaussian fits to arbitrary functions in electronic structure theory

We present a method of fitting arbitrary functions to linear combinations of Gaussians. In particular, we discuss an adaptation of Prony's method, or separation of exponentials, which allows us to automatically select appropriate exponents for these Gaussians. We then apply this technique to the selection of dealiasing sets for pseudospectral electron correlation methods. We show that it can successfully choose functions that generally improve the accuracy of pseudospectral correlation energies while reducing the size of the dealiasing set chosen. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1300)1314, 1998
STEM studies of biological structure

Abstract The STEM can be used in one of three modes: 1) to image individual atoms; 2) to measure mass or molecular weight; 3) to collect electron energy loss spectra or x-ray fluorescence data. Heavy atom imaging is used to identify chemical groups in a molecule or macromolecules in an assembly. Specific labels have been developed for bases in nucleic acids. These permit localization of bound proteins on single strand nucleic acids. Pt (gly-L-met) Cl is a specific label for methionine residues of proteins as shown with the SLS aggregate of collagen. Lysine can be labeled as well if first methyl (methyl-thio-acetimidate) is coupled. This labeling procedure permits the localization of individual histones within a nucleosome. Mass determination can be used to answer crucial questions about biological assemblies. This is demonstrated by examples from muscle structure.
How a “Brood of Vipers” Survived the Black Death: Recovery and Dysfunction in the Fourteenth-Century Dominican Order

Survivors of the Black Death confronted a world changed very much for the worse, or so we often say when ignoring nuance. There is no denying that many chroniclers wrote from a situation of real anxiety about an uncertain future. Many locales felt the effects of severe wage inflation and dramatic price fluctuations, some work regimes intensified, social mobility increased, and the utility of traditional safety nets failed to provide against localized food scarcity. Nevertheless, we should view with caution descriptions of plague-induced economic and social dislocation leading to anarchy and decadence, which can become colorful exaggerations, especially when buboes and piled bodies get added to the narrative mix. In recent years many researchers have begun to confront the overload of stereotypes about postplague living to which a human inclination to prurience and some vast historical lacunae have led us. Edwin Hunt, James Murray, and others have found men and women in late-medieval Europe seizing latent e...
Targeting endothelial and tumor cells with semaphorins

Neuropilins (NRP) are receptors for the class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) family of axon guidance molecules and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenesis factors. Although the seminal studies on SEMA3s and NRPs first showed them to be mediators of axon guidance, it has become very apparent that these proteins play an important role in vascular and tumor biology as well. Neuronal guidance and angiogenesis are regulated similarly at the molecular level. For example, SEMA3s not only repel neurons and collapse axon growth cones, but have similar effects on endothelial cells and tumor cells. Preclinical studies indicate that SEMA3F is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, neutralizing antibodies to NRP1 enhance the effects of anti-VEGF antibodies in suppressing tumor growth in xenograft models. This article reviews NRP and SEMA3 structural interactions and their role in developmental angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis based on cell culture, zebrafish and murine studies.
Abstract B23: Curcumin suppresses the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells by downregulation of SKP2.

Purpose: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. The morbidity and mortality to PCa are 2.39-fold higher in African American men as compared to Caucasian males. Aberrant overexpression of SKP2 is frequently found in human cancers including prostate cancer, but little is known about pharmacological compounds targeting Skp2 activity. This study investigated inhibitory effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) on malignant features of prostate cancer cells in vitro and xenograft mouse models in vivo, and mechanistically on Skp2 level. Design Methods: Prostate cancer cells (PC3) and mouse prostate cancers cells (MPC3) in culture were treated with curcumin solution for indicated periods of time in vitro. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were used to determine mRNA and protein expression of Skp2 in cancer cells. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion assay were compared between curcumin-treated and control cells. Mouse prostate cancer cells were injected into immunodeficient mice followed with curcumin administration (200mg/kg/day). Tumorigenesis was analyzed in curcumin-treated and control mice after 20 days. Results: Curcumin treatment of PC3 cells resulted in a significant reduction of cell proliferation, soft agar transformation and invasion as compared to controls. Curcumin treatment led to a decrease of Skp2 level through a reduction of Skp2 mRNA and a shortened half-life of Skp2 protein. As expected, p27 protein, a major downstream target of Skp2, was increased upon curcumin treatment, whereas c-Myc protein level was not affected by curcumin treatment in prostate cancer cells. MPC3 cells, administered into immunodeficient mice via tail vein or orthotopic implantation, developed lung metastasis or enlarged prostate tumors, respectively. Importantly, cancer progression was significantly suppressed by curcumin treatment. A reduced level of Skp2 protein and induction of cell senescence were detected in tumors of curcumin-treated mice, but not in tumors of control mice. Conclusion: Our results indicated that curcumin suppresses both the tumor growth in mouse prostates and distant metastasis of prostate cancer cells in lung by inhibiting Skp2 level. Citation Format: Yuanying Gong, Wenfu Lu, Yingqiu Xie, Qing Yang, Robert J. Matusik, Zhenbang Chen. Curcumin suppresses the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells by downregulation of SKP2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Common path optical design for 2D inspection system with the capability of auto-focusing

This paper developed an optical design approach to combine the auto-focusing and image sensing in the 2D inspection system. The focusing principle here employed the chromatic confocal microscopy due to the one-shot focusing capability. The system held a special issue that the chromatic confocal microscopy has the higher optical dispersion characteristic than the 2D image sensor which captures a clear image for the optical inspection. Hence, the system here must be designed to be characterized with both the higher and lower optical dispersion, which was called as the common path optical design in this study. That is, an optical approach must be developed to divide and switch the above totally different dispersion conditions. Accordingly, the higher dispersion device, the chromatic confocal sensor, examined the object surface height to vertically vary the focused position of the 2D inspection system. Furthermore, the lower dispersion device, the 2D image sensor, can be adjusted to focus onto the object surface so that a clearly focusing image can be acquired. The experimental results were also provided to ensure this approach can automatically focus the object surface and then the clear image can be captured to perform optical inspection to obtain the position, dimension or area.
Effects of landscape characteristics on land-cover class accuracy

The effects of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on classification accuracy were evaluated using reference data collected for the National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) set accuracy assessment. Logistic regression models quantified the relationship between classification accuracy and these landscape variables for each land-cover class at both the Anderson Levels I and II classification schemes employed in the NLCD. The general relationships were consistent, with the odds of correctly classifying a pixel increasing as patch size increased and decreasing as heterogeneity increased. Specific characteristics of these relationships, however, showed considerable diversity among the various classes. Odds ratios are reported to document these relationships. Interaction between the two landscape variables was not a significant influence on classification accuracy, indicating that the effect of heterogeneity was not impacted by the sample being in a small or large patch. Landscape variables remained significant predictors of class-specific accuracy even when adjusted for regional differences in the mapping and assessment processes or landscape characteristics. The land-cover class-specific analyses provide insight into sources of classification error and a capacity for predicting error based on a pixel's mapped land-cover class, patch size and surrounding land-cover heterogeneity.
Summary of Experimental Investigation of Three Axial-Flow Pump Rotors Tested in Water

Three rotors were tested, to study flow and performance across loaded axial-flow blade rows. Principal design parameters varied were flow coefficient (0.29 < φ < 0.45), blade loading parameter at tip (0.25 < Dt < 0.66), and hub-tip radius ratio (0.4 < rh /rt < 0.8). Overall and blade element performances under noncavitating flow conditions are discussed in detail. Comparisons between the measured, three-dimensional design parameters and those computed from two-dimensional cascade correlations are made. A limited amount of performance obtained during operation of the rotors in unstable flow and cavitating flow conditions is presented.
Analyses of Sulfur Aerosol Size Distributions for a Forty-Day Period in Summer 1992 at Meadview, Arizona

A DRUM (Davis Rotating-drum Universal-size-cut Monitoring) impactor was employed at Meadview, AZ, from July 12 to September 2, 1992, during the Project MOHAVE (Measurement of Haze and Visual Effects) summer intensive monitoring period. The DRUM impactor collects aerosol from 0.07- to 15-μm diameter in eight size ranges on the outside curved surface of eight drums rotating one revolution per month. Focused beam PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) analysis of the aerosol deposits results in a time history of size-resolved elemental composition with 6-hour resolution. Comparisons of the component composition of less than 2.5-μm diameter particles from the DRUM impactor with the composition of the PM 2.5 from the collocated IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) filter sampler are used to assess the quality of DRUM data. Comparisons are also made of the sulfur concentrations in three size ranges below 2.5 pin as measured by the DRUM and MOUDI (Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) samplers. From these analyses a 40-day period of DRUM sulfur data (155, 6-hour time periods) is identified for subsequent use to generate and analyze sulfur size distributions. Techniques to display and summarize these sulfur size distribution histories are developed, including contoured plots of sulfur concentration by size and time, and cluster analysis. The results indicate that all periods can be well represented by several distinct size distributions. Relationships between these characteristic distributions and coincident meteorological, air quality, and optical parameters are determined and the consequences of these relationships discussed.
The associated Bessel functions and recurrence formulas

The associated Bessel function and its recurrence formulas are shown in this article. The associated Bessel functions are expressed by the first kind of Hankel and spherical Hankel functions. It is shown that associated Bessel functions (both real and imaginary part) can be expressed as a finite combination of exponential and trigonometric functions. Moreover, cylindrical Bessel functions can be defined by associated spherical Bessel functions as given in this article. Higher orders of functions can be obtained from recurrence formulas.
What role do defects play in the laser damage behavior of metal oxides

We have investigated the role of native point defects in the laser damage behavior of amorphous thin films of Sc 2 O 3 deposited by ion beam sputtering. Through systematic characterization and detailed modeling we show that native defects influence the 1-on-1 laser induced damage threshold fluence of the Sc 2 O 3 . This effect, as shown by the model and confirmed by experiments, is pulse duration dependent.
Lack of effect of tannic acid on sodium balance in Microtus pennsylvanicus

Effect of tannic acid on sodium (Na+) balance of captive meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus ) was studied by measuring size of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, a reflection of Na+ status, in voles provided diets containing three levels of Na+ and either 0, 1.5, or 5% tannic acid at each level of Na+. Na+, but not tannic acid, had a significant effect on size of the zona glomerulosa. The zona glomerulosa hypertrophied significantly in voles on diets containing the two lowest levels of Na+. Both tannic acid and Na+ had significant effects on relative body mass, indicating a nutritional constraint. However, results of this study do not support the widely cited hypothesis that tannins, such as tannic acid, disrupt Na+ balance in herbivores.
Response of Embryogenic Callus of Theobroma cacao L. to Gibberellic Acid and Inhibitors of Gibberellic Acid Synthesis

Summary Gibberellic acid at 0.05 to 10 mg·l−1 stimulated asexual embryogenesis from embryogeniccompetent callus of clone BC 5 but not BC 36 of Theobroma cacao. AMO 1618 stimulated embryogenesis at 0.05 to 0.1 mg·l−1 but depressed embryogenesis above 0.1 mg·l−1 for clone BC 5. A similar but smaller effect was observed for BC 36. Daminozide and CCC depressed embryogenesis with both clones.
Fiber-optic heterodyne phase-shift measurement of plasma current

By combining twisted optical sensing fiber and heterodyne phase detection of circular birefringence we have (a) overcome the distortion problem caused by residual linear birefringence in the Faraday rotation method of measuring enclosed current and (b) used only a single output detector without requiring intensity normalization. Resolution of 400 ampere-turns has been obtained in the hostile electromagnetic environment of a working thermonuclear fusion research device. The fiber was simply wound around the existing machine. The measured values are in excellent agreement with those of the electrical Rogowski coil installed when the machine was built.
Cross tolerance between LSD and psilocybin

1. In two experiments, using a cross-over design, the development of “direct” tolerance to LSD and psilocybin was measured after 10 (Experiment I) or 9 (Experiment II) volunteers had taken LSD in doses increasing to 1.5 meg/kg over the course of 6–7 days (Experiment I) or 13 days (Experiment II). On another occasion, the same patients received psilocybin in doses increasing to 150 mcg/kg over the course of 6–7 days (Experiment I) or 210 mcg/kg over the course of 13 days (Experiment II). 2. The development of “cross” tolerance to psilocybin in patients “directly” tolerant to LSD was measured by “challenging” the patients, after they had received LSD chronically, with 150 mcg/kg (Experiment I) or 210 mcg/kg (Experiment II) of psilocybin. “Cross” tolerance to LSD was evaluated by “challenging” the patients, after they had received psilocybin chronically, with 1.5 meg/kg of LSD. 3. A high degree of “direct” tolerance to LSD developed in both experiments, as manifested by statistically significant reductions in six of the seven parameters of response. Patients “directly” tolerant to LSD were also “cross” tolerant to psilocybin on five (Experiment I) or four (Experiment II) parameters. 4. Definite “direct” tolerance also developed after chronic administration of psilocybin in both experiments, but statistically significant reductions occurred in fewer parameters of response (four in Experiment I and three in Experiment II) than was the case with LSD. Patients chronically treated with psilocybin were also “cross” tolerant to LSD on four (Experiment I) or three (Experiment II) measurements. The degree of “direct” tolerance to psilocybin was less than the degree of “direct” tolerance to LSD. 5. The development of “cross” tolerance between LSD and psilocybin reinforces the idea that these two drugs cause psychic disturbances by acting on some common mechanism, or on mechanisms acting through a common final pathway.
Quantification of Three Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Raw Meat and Chicken

Raw veal, beef, pork, and chicken muscle tissues were extracted by a modified dry column procedure in which silicic acid was incorporated in the trap of the column. This method separated cholesterol derivatives from the bulk of neutral lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Isolation of sterols by preparative thin layer chromatography followed by quantification by direct on-column capillary gas chromatography permitted measurement of 7-ketocholesterol, cholesterol 5α, 6α-epoxide, and cholesterol 5β 6β-epoxide at concentrations less than 1 ppm. All muscle tissues contained the three cholesterol products in measurable quantities. 7-Ketocholesterol constituted more than 50% of the oxidation products in all samples.
Empathy and Role-Reversal as Factors in Communication

(1955). Empathy and Role-Reversal as Factors in Communication. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 163-165.
Benefit of wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear in adult users of a cochlear implant.

The purpose of this investigation was to document performance of participants wearing a cochlear implant and hearing aid in opposite ears on speech-perception and localization tests. Twelve individ...
Serum Electrophoresis of Genetic Replicate Leopard Frogs Produced by Nuclear Transplantation

Sera of multiple genetically identical frogs, produced by nuclear transplantation, and laboratory reared control frogs were studied with the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. Mobility and intensity of staining of protein bands vary within an isogenic group but the number of bands is constant. Sera of laboratory reared unrelated frogs vary in band number, staining and mobility. Possible reasons for these variations are discussed.
Drug-induced vasculitis.

Therapeutic agents from virtually every pharmacological class have been implicated in the development of drug-induced vasculitis. Clinical manifestations range from small vessel hypersensitivity va...
Fixed bed and slurry reactor studies of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on precipitated iron catalyst

Abstract A sample of commercial Ruhrchemie catalyst (100 Fe/4.3 Cu/4.1 K/25 SiO2) for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was tested in a fixed bed and in a slurry reactor at process conditions similar to those used in commercial reactors. The apparent reaction rate constant, calculated assuming that the reaction rate has a first order dependence on hydrogen pressure, was nearly the same in both reactors during the first 380 h on stream. The catalyst deactivated slowly with time-on-stream in both reactors, while the hydrocarbon selectivity shifted towards lower molecular weight products. Secondary reactions (l-alkene hydrogenation and isomerization) increased gradually with time-on-stream in the slurry reactor, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the fixed bed reactor. The effects of process conditions on the catalyst activity and product selectivities (hydrocarbon product distribution, total alkene content, 2-alkene selectivity, organic oxygenates) were also investigated.
The directional discrimination of volume arrays of electro-acoustic transducers

The directivity factor of an array of electro-acoustic transducers distributed throughout a cubical volume has been found to vary inversely as the square of the element spacing, as does the factor for the elements occupying one face of the cube. Arrays occupying the volume of a sphere, its surface, and its plane projection show directivity factors which are not inversely proportional to the number of elements but which are nearly equal. At spacings for which these arrays have useful directivity patterns there is negligible advantage in using a volume array in an isotropic noise field.
Archaeological Protein Residues: New Data for Conservation Science

This article identifies several cases where archaeological protein residues may be of benefit, justifies the use of protein residues in particular, and discusses areas for improvement.
Vertical distribution of phosphorus in a sandy soil fertilized with recovered manure phosphates

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental fate of recovered manure phosphates for their effective use as crop fertilizers.
Geomorphological Analysis in the Search for Economic Mineral Deposits in Unconsolidated Sediments of the Salair Range

A review of the geomorphological history of the Saliar Mountains reveals that post-Jurassic erosion of the upland was negligible. Consequently it is very probable that bauxite deposits (in limestone sinkholes) and refractory clay deposits.have not been removed from the uplifted peneplain back of the intensly eroded escarpment which descends to the Kuznetsk Basin. The search for these minerals, therefore, should be concentrated on the uplifted peneplain. M. E.Burgunker
13C NMR evidence for Fermi-contact interaction and spin delocalization on the ligands in the nanomagnet MN12O12-acetate

Abstract 13 C NMR measurements have been carried out on 13 CH 3 -labeled Mn 12 O 12 -acetate in both powder and magnetically aligned samples at an applied magnetic field of 8.5 T. The four observed peaks are assignable to the four distinct 13 CH 3 moieties. The spectra were measured as a function of the orientation of the Zeeman field with respect to the easy axis in an aligned powder sample. The line positions were fitted to the dipolar plus isotropic interactions and the Fermi-contact parts, and unpaired electron spin density was calculated for each site. The results demonstrate significant spin density delocalization onto the acetate fragments and complement recent proton NMR and polarized neutron diffraction data on this system.
Camera/photometer results

Camera/photometer systems have been constructed for analyzing particulate contamination on STS-2. The systems contained two 16-mm photographic cameras to make stereoscopic observation of contaminant particles and the background. During the STS-2 mission, 102 photographic exposures were obtained under conditions suitable for recording particulate contamination. Attention is given to a breakdown of STS-2 camera/photometer data with the number of particles observed per frame, a correlation of observed contamination with mission elapsed time broken into 5-hr segments, and a correlation of observed contamination with onboard spacecraft events.
Abstract 5306: A20 negatively regulates immunostimulatory activity of macrophage

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Macrophage represents a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, but usually only exhibits low level immunostimulatory activity. Here we investigate the role of A20, a negative regulator of several key proinflammatory signaling pathways, in controlling macrophage-associated immunostimulatory ability. We find that A20-silenced macrophage has enhanced expressions of costimulatory molecules, MHC complexes, and proinflammatory cytokines. As a consequence, A20-silenced macrophage displays an elevated ability to activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response in vitro and in vivo, and A20-silenced macrophage immunization effectively controls onset and growth of engrafted tumors. To further search the underlying mechanism whereby A20-silenced macrophage triggers potent antitumor activity, we unexpectedly found that A20-silenced macrophage induced expression of cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B not only in CD8+ T cell and NK cells, but also in CD4+ T cells, and all of these cytotoxic molecule-expressing cells display a heightened cytotoxicity against tumor cells. A20-silenced macrophage induces expression of the cytotoxic molecules likely by enhancing production and signaling of IFN-g, as depletion of IFN-g by anti-IFN antibody drastically reduced expression of these cytotoxic molecules. These results indicate that A20 negatively regulates macrophage to activate antitumor immune response, and implies silencing A20 expression would lead to generation of immunostimulatory macrophage. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5306.
High-pressure metallic phases of boron.

First-principles total-energy calculations for solid boron predict a transition from the insulating \ensuremath{\alpha}-rhombohedral phase first to a metallic body-centered-tetragonal structure at 210 GPa and subsequently to a face-centered-cubic structure at 360 GPa. While the possibility of intervening phases not considered here cannot be ruled out, it is argued that 210 GPa is an upper bound for the onset of a sequence of structural transitions by which boron evolves from a covalent insulator to a trivalent metal more like its neighbor Al.
Respiration and soluble sugar metabolism in sugar pine embryos

Embroys excised from dormant seeds of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) incubated at 25°C (non-dormancy-breaking) or stratified at 5°C (dormancy-breaking) were analyzed to determine temperature effects on the relative activities of respiration and fermentative metabolism, the levels of soluble sugers and the activities of the hydrolytic enzymes, invertase and sucrose synthase, as related to the release of dormancy and germinatio. At 25°C, despite a sharp drop in embryo oxygen uptake after 48 h, a simultaneous decline in acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations indicated that there was not a shift to fermentative metabolism. The concentrations of soluble sugars showed no treatment effects. Embryo invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity changed only slightly at either temperature, while stratification was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activity (cleavage direction). Upon transfer of stratified seeds to 25°C, embryo sucrose synthase activity rapidly increased almost 10-fold, with the increase beginning prior to germination, while mvertase activity increased 20-fold, concomitant with germination.
The role of personal practice theories in the professional development of a beginning high school chemistry teacher

The notion of deliberated teacher reflection as a means of improving professional teaching practice has become one of the most pervasive concepts to influence science teacher education during the past decade. In this case study, we use the notion of teacher reflection and Lytle and Cochran-Smith's (1990) typology of teacher research to examine the relationships between a beginning high school chemistry teacher's articulated personal practice theories and his actions as demonstrated by his curricular decisions and instructional practices. In so doing, we describe the ways in which the formal articulations of this teacher's personal practice theories lent themselves to his development as a teacher/researcher and propose this development as a useful model of science teacher practitioner professionalism. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 408–441, 2001
Mechatronic Integration in the Design of Ambulatory Rehabilitation Device

Increasing demands on the productivity and growing technological complexity will require the application of new methods in the product development process. A smart machine is one that can make decisions about the mechanical motion and respond to the commands in real time. It is possible to arrive at ways of optimizing the design of the structural components, the construction of the feed drives or the controller strategy. The distinguishing feature of mechatronic systems is the achievement of system functionality through intensive integration. That allows a better understanding of the dynamic behavior and interactions of the components. This paper shows that the simulation results from the mechatronic model of the rehabilitation equipment. The rehabilitation device is an apparatus developed with the intent of aiding in the rehabilitation of hospital patients learning to walk again. It is comprised of a gantry system which provides motion in the horizontal (x, y) plane and vertical axis (z). The z axis motion is provided by a hoist motor which is actively controlled using feedback from strain gauge sensors. As the patient walks around within the confines of the room-sized gantry, the hoist will follow the patient around. The closed loop motor control reacts to feedback from multi-axis tilt sensors on the hoist line. If ever the patient were to fall, the hoist system would to keep the patient in place. This paper shows how the sensor is integrated to the system in order to ensure the required control accuracy and precision in combination with enhanced motion dynamics, the interactions between a rehabilitation patient and tilt-sensor, the influence of the control system and the control process.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Abnormal cervical cytology in sexually active adolescents

A routine Pap smear was performed on 1,207 sexually active adolescents seen in a public health department family planning clinic. One hundred and thirty-two (11%) had abnormal findings and were referred for evaluation to the gynecologist of their choice. Thirty-five patients (27%) failed to keep their initial referral appointment, and twenty-eight patients (21%) were inadequately evaluated. Therefore, only 69 patients (52%) were evaluated by colposcopy with directed biopsies. Fifty of the 69 patients (72%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Sexually active adolescents should be routinely screened with Pap smears and those with abnormal findings should be evaluated and a tissue diagnosis obtained. The primary care provider must reinforce the need for complete evaluation and therapy. Referral must be made to a gynecologist who is expert in the evaluation of abnormal Pap smears.
Recognition memory in hearing-impaired children: a levels-of-processing approach.

Abstract Eighty-nine hearing-impaired children ranging in age from 6 years to 12 years, 11 months were given a recognition task comprised of items from the Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices and the Raven Learning Potential Test following administration of the Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices. The study was designed to determine whether recognition memory varied as a function of item type. The analysis indicated that performance on items involving analogous reasoning exceeded recognition for items requiring pattern completion through closure, which, in turn, exceeded performance for items involving simple pattern completion. Results are discussed in light of levels-of-processing.
Substance-P-related and neurokinin-A-related peptides from the brain of the cod and trout.

An extract of the brain of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss contained high concentrations of both neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 90 pmol mammalian neurokinin A/g wet tissue) and substance-P-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 50 pmol mammalian substance P/g wet tissue) measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the C-terminal regions of the mammalian peptides. In contrast, an extract of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua contained only neurokinin-A-like immunoreactivity (151 pmol/g). This apparent paradox was resolved by determination of the primary structures of the fish tachykinins. Trout substance P (Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-His-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-MetNH2) has the same amino acid sequence in its C-terminal region as that in the corresponding region of mammalian substance P. Cod substance P (Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu-MetNH2), however, contains a substitution at position 8 (Phe Ile) that abolishes reactivity with the antiserum to substance P but permits reactivity with the antiserum to neurokinin A. The amino acid sequence of cod and trout neurokinin A is the same (His-Lys-Ile-Asn-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-MetNH2) and shows two substitutions (Thr3 Ile and Asp4 Asn) compared with mammalian neurokinin A. The data indicate that nervous tissue of teleost fish contain tachykinins that are analogous to the peptides found in mammalian tissues.
Characterization of Single Phase Flows in Stirred Tanks via Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT)

Single phase flows in stirred tanks have been extensively characterized using different experimental techniques like Hot Wire Anemometry1, Laser Doppler Anemometry2, and Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry3. None of these techniques however, show much promise for the interrogation of opaque multiphase flows. Hence, little or no information of the local fluid dynamics of multiphase flows in stirred tanks is available. Non-optical techniques like Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) and Computed Tomography (CT) have been successfully applied to probe a variety of multiphase reactors4–5 such as bubble columns6–7, risers8 etc., over a range of dispersed phase holdups. CARPT provides the local fluid dynamic information such as velocities and the turbulence parameters throughout the system that is investigated. CT provides time averaged local dispersed phase holdup profiles in various planes of the entire reactor. In this study, it is proposed to extend these techniques to characterize gas-liquid flows in stirred tank reactors. As a first step, CARPT is implemented in characterization of single phase flows in stirred tanks. CARPT experiments have been performed with water at 150 rpm in a 0.20m cylindrical tank quipped with a six bladed Rushton turbine (0.067m dia) conforming to the standard Holland and Chapman9 configuration. The CARPT technique is shown to capture some of the important flow phenomena observed in such flows, like the two recirculating loops above and below the impeller and the dead zones at the bottom of the tank. Radial pumping numbers determined by CARPT (0.67 near the impeller tip) compare reasonably well with data reported in the literature. Comparison of the complete three dimensional mean velocity profiles from CARPT with similar PIV, LDA and other data reported in the literature reveals that CARPT captures the right order of magnitude of the radial and the tangential velocities. Comparisons of the fluctuating velocity components, like the root mean squared (rms) velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy, suggest that the CARPT experiments were limited by large tracer particle size (dp = 2.3 mm) from sampling the high frequency fluctuations of the fluid. In addition, the three dimensional profiles of the components of the Reynolds stress tensor are measured. The detailed comparisons, even with the large tracer particle, indicate that CARPT measurements capture all the important qualitative features of the flow and quantitatively capture the right order of magnitude of the mean flow parameters. The quantitative comparisons suggest that the current size of the tracer particle restricts it from responding completely to the fluid phase fluctuations. Some Lagrangian measures of the fluid dynamics like the ‘Sojourn’ time distributions (STDs) in different zones of the reactor, Circulation Time Distributions (CTDs), Particle Return Maps to specific planes, Poincarre sections and Hurst exponents are evaluated from the collected CARPT data.
Life-course weight characteristics and the risk of gestational diabetes

Aims/hypothesis We prospectively determined the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in association with life-course weight characteristics and adult abdominal adiposity.
Sorption of sulfate and chloride anions on a well-characterized Al 2024 electrode

We studied sorption processes, adsorption and incorporation, of sulfate and chloride anions on the surface of well-characterized aluminum 2024 alloy using electrochemical, radiochemical, and ultrahigh−vacuum spectroscopic techniques. The measurements were carried out at an open-circuit potential and in the electrode potential range on the negative side of the open-circuit potential (cathodic polarization conditions), at various pH values. The focus was on sorption reversibility as well as on the relationship between anion's surface concentration and the electrode potential. We have found that sorption of sulfate anion is controlled by pH, surface charge, and the stability of aluminum oxide films. We have also found that adsorption of chloride is weaker than sulfate and is more irreversible since chloride incorporation occurs more readily than sulfate. The change in the alloy surface composition and morphology induced by the electrochemical treatment and anion adsorption was monitored by scanning Auger mic...
Choking Phenomena in a Lung-Like Model

A simple, continuous, one-dimensional model for the geometry and structure of the bronchial airways is used for the analysis of fluid flow patterns which have been observed in forced expiration maneuvers. Various phenomena within the conducting system associated with flow limitation are investigated: (a) the conditions in which a “choke” (flow limitation) can occur in a compliant system; (b) theoretical flows that are physically impossible; (c) the possibility of having elastic jumps downstream of the choke point; (d) perturbations in the physical parameters of the conducting system.
Emma Goldman, enduring voice of Anarchism

(1969). Emma Goldman, enduring voice of Anarchism. Today's Speech: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 20-25.
Measurements of proton conductivity in the active layer of PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes

Abstract This paper reports further studies to understand and optimize the Membrane and Electrode Assembly (MEA) structure in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The effective proton conductivity in the active catalyst layer was measured as a function of its composition, which consisted of platinum catalyst on carbon support (E-Tek) and Nafion® polymer electrolyte (DuPont de Nemours). The conductivity was calculated from the resistance added to a standard MEA by the addition of an inactive composite layer in the electrolyte path between the anode and cathode. The specific conductivity of the active layer was found to be proportional to the volume fraction of Nafion® in the composite mixture, following the relationship κeffH+≈0.078eNafion+0.004 S cm−1. Modeling studies showed that this ionic conductivity limits the utilized active layer thickness to 20–25 μm.
Pathophysiology of sports-related concussion: an update on basic science and translational research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) related to sports affects an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million people annually in the United States.47 The majority of these injuries are mild TBI, more commonly referred to as concussion. It has been proposed that concussions be classified as a subset of mild TBI because most of these injuries appear to resolve without permanent consequences.60 Given the difficulty in classifying these injuries and because much of the literature does not make this differentiation, the terms are used interchangeably in this article. Additionally, there is no universal definition of a concussion; however, for the purposes of this article, a concussion is defined as a biomechanically induced transient disturbance of neurologic function that may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness.1,60 Sports-related concussions occur with the greatest frequency in the pediatric and young adult age ranges, although they can occur at any age. This includes the common acute signs and symptoms of headache, disorientation, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, and incoordination. These clinical signs and cognitive impairments typically resolve over a short period. However, there is growing evidence that concussions can have more lasting sequelae,12,15,31 which may manifest owing to timing or number of repeated concussions,12,31,54 genetic risk factors,41,55 or other clinical variables. The cumulative effects of multiple concussions over an extended period have been associated with early onset of cognitive decline and dementia.31,62 The pressing issues facing clinicians depend on identifying and managing the symptoms, determining the appropriate timing of return to play, evaluating the potential for permanent sequelae, and identifying risk factors for worse outcomes. This article reviews current evidence regarding the acute metabolic cascade, postinjury neuronal activation, chronic cumulative effects, and specific considerations in young athletes.
Unobserved mental health profiles are associated with weight and physical activity change in female college freshmen: A latent profile analysis

Abstract Statement of problem Weight gain is common during the first year of college, and interventions to attenuate weight gain have had mixed success. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a peer-delivered weight management intervention and to determine whether changes in weight and physical activity could be explained by unobserved subgroups constructed based on mental health changes. Method Female participants (N = 246) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group and completed all measures during the first and last month of the school year. The self-efficacy based intervention was delivered by trained peer educators, and the course curriculum was focused on enhancing physical activity and dietary behaviors to prevent weight gain. Results Initial analyses revealed no significant intervention effects on weight or physical activity. A latent profile analysis yielded two classes with different psychosocial profiles. Class 1 (Negative Mental Health Profile) displayed substantial declines in self-esteem and QOL and large increases in anxiety. Class 2 (Positive Mental Health Profile) exhibited moderate improvements in self-esteem and QOL and modest declines in anxiety. The two classes could be differentiated based on changes in weight and physical activity, with Class 1 demonstrating decreased physical activity and increased weight across the school year, whereas these changes were attenuated in Class 2. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of conducting analyses that may identify subgroups of individuals who change differentially. Such analyses may inform future studies by allowing researchers to identify “at-risk” individuals early and provide targeted interventions to attenuate declines in mental health and physical activity and enhance weight management.