cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale: psychometric properties and association with breast cancer screening.

Abstract Background . There is little research on medical mistrust as a barrier to breast cancer screening. This study investigated the psychometric properties of a new scale, the Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale (GBMMS), and its association with cancer screening attitudes and breast cancer screening practices among African American and Latina women. Methods . Participants were 168 African American and Latina urban women who completed the GBMMS and measures of sociodemographics, cancer screening pros and cons, acculturation, breast cancer screening practices and physician recommendation of such screening. Results . A principal components analysis of GBMMS items revealed three factors that were analyzed as subscales: (1) suspicion, (2) group disparities in health care, and (3) lack of support from health care providers. Convergent validity of the GBMMS was supported by its negative association with perceived benefits of cancer screening and acculturation and positive association with perceived disadvantages of cancer screening. Results further showed that women who reported no previous mammogram or a long-term lapse in mammography participation (>5 years) had significantly higher total GBMMS scores ( P Conclusions : Results support the validity of the GBMMS and its association with breast cancer screening adherence. The GBMMS may be used to further investigate medical mistrust as a barrier to screening for cancers for which ethnic group disparities have been observed.
Optimal energy incentive design for occupant-engaged commercial building control: demo abstract

Commercial buildings account for 19% of energy consumption in the US. Occupants play a significant role in commercial building energy efficiency. If occupants can adjust their behaviors, significant energy can be saved without retrofitting. To invite occupants into the control loop, we developed occupant-engaged building control system, collaborative energy management and control (CEMC), through which occupants can submit their temperature and calendar preferences. The system features with an occupant energy dashboard to rank energy consumptions of individual thermal zones. In this demonstration, we present an optimal incentive design (OID) tool as part of CEMC to help FMs to allocate the proper amount of incentive to occupants each week to encourage energy responsible behaviors. While too less incentive may not motivate occupants, too much incentive may erode energy savings, even introduce finical losses. This system is an embodiment of occupant-engaged building automation architecture, where we utilize human as sensors and actuators via web portals.
Electron-impact total ionization cross sections of SFx(x = 1–5)

Abstract Total cross sections for electron impact ionization are necessary quantities for numerical modeling of plasma chemistry and for quantitative mass-spectrometric gas analysis. Theoretical cross sections for SF, SF2, SF3, SF4, and SF5 are calculated by the recently developed binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model. The BEB model combines a modified form of the Mott cross section and the Bethe cross section. The results are compared with experimental cross sections for SF3 and SF5 free radicals. In view of the success of the BEB method for SF6 and many other molecules, it is expected that the results presented here will provide reliable total ionization cross sections for SFx(x = 1–5).
Fuzzy statistics: hypothesis testing

Our method of estimation of parameters in statistics uses a set of confidence intervals producing a triangular shaped fuzzy number for the estimator. Using this fuzzy estimator in hypothesis testing produces a fuzzy test statistic and fuzzy critical values in fuzzy hypothesis testing. We show how these fuzzy sets may be used to derive the usual conclusion of: (1) reject the null hypothesis, or (2) do not reject the null hypothesis.
P5-11-07: Receptor Concordance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Recurrences.

Background: The phenotype of TNBC is defined by absence of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and lack of amplification of the HER2 oncogene. It is an aggressive form of breast cancer, and despite sensitivity to contemporary chemotherapy, TNBC have a poorer prognosis than ER positive phenotypes, marked by early relapses. This study examines the concordance of receptor status in recurrences among patients with TNBC. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we identified patients with triple negative breast cancer treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 1998 and 2010. Patient and tumor characteristics and disease status were recorded. Patients with ER, PR, or HER2 (3+) positivity on immunohistochemistry (IHC), or HER2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization were excluded. Data regarding the receptor status of the recurrence, if known, was documented. Results: Five hundred and two women with TNBC were diagnosed at our institution between 1998 and 2010. Of these patients, 95/502 (19%) had recurrences. Twenty-seven (28%) were local, 18 (19%) were regional, 35 (37%) were distant, and 15 (16%) were both local-regional and distant. These women ranged in age from 33 to 84 years of age. Of the women with a recurrence, 78/95 (82%) had a biopsy confirming breast cancer recurrence. Of those biopsied, 33/78 (42%) had receptor studies performed, and of these, 30 included data for estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. The remaining 3 had only IHC for estrogen receptors performed. Twenty-two/thirty (73%) had concordance on their biopsy with their initial TNBC status, whereas 8/30 (27%) women developed a pathologically discordant recurrence. Conclusion: In this single institution study of TNBC patients, approximately one quarter of patients developed a pathologically discordant distant recurrence noted at biopsy. It is unclear whether patients experiencing a pathologically discordant recurrence differ in prognosis from those with concordant recurrences. Further study is necessary to evaluate this and determine whether routine biopsy based on pathologic discordance rates and outcomes are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-07.
Behaviors Associated With Fever in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

OBJECTIVE. Clinical case reports have suggested that the behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders may improve with fever. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of illness on behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the role of fever, if any, may be informative regarding causative mechanisms of and treatment opportunities for autism. METHODS. We conducted a prospective study of 30 children (aged 2–18 years) with autism spectrum disorders during and after an episode of fever. Parent responses to the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were collected during fever (body temperature ≥ 38.0°C/100.4°F), when fever had abated and the child was asymptomatic, and when the child had been fever-free for 7 days. Data were compared with those collected from parents of 30 age-, gender-, and language skills–matched afebrile children with autism spectrum disorders during similar time intervals. RESULTS. Fewer aberrant behaviors were recorded for febrile patients on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist subscales of irritability, hyperactivity, stereotypy, and inappropriate speech compared with control subjects. Per expectation, lethargy scores were greater during fevers, and all improvements were transient. Data from patients with fever were stratified on variables related to illness severity. In the majority of these subgroup comparisons, the data suggested that effects from fever persisted in the less sick patients as well as in those with more severe illness. CONCLUSIONS. We documented behavior change among children with autism spectrum disorders during fever. The data suggest that these changes might not be solely the byproduct of general effects of sickness on behavior; however, more research is needed to prove conclusively fever-specific effects and elucidate their underlying biological mechanisms (possibly involving immunologic and neurobiological pathways, intracellular signaling, and synaptic plasticity).
The Role of Women in a Changing Navaho Society

MOST of the work on which this paper is based was done in 1951-52 in the Fruitland Irrigation Project in San Juan County, at the northwestern corner of New Mexico.' The project area has a thirteen-mile boundary along the southern bank of the river, which is settled on the north by Mormons and other white farmers. The area at that time included 2,500 acres of irrigated land divided into 205 farms and assigned to 191 family units (Sasaki 1950). The nearest urban center is the predominantly white town of Farmington, just off the reservation. Although the area has long been inhabited by Navaho farmers and owners of livestock, the development of the irrigation project dates from 1933 when the land was surveyed for the purpose of establishing farm tracts. These tracts were assigned in ten-acre lots to original residents and to applicants from other parts of the reservation. Particular aspects of Fruitland's position made it useful for the purposes of this study. There is directed social change in the form of government programs, including the irrigation project itself. Further, Fruitland is on the edge of the reservation and is in continuous interaction with the neighboring white society. It is also a well-defined geographic and social unit. Finally, there was available a great deal of data gathered by the research team of the Cornell University Southwest Project which had been working in the area since 1948.
Modulation of mediator release from human intestinal mast cells by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Intestinal mast cells are thought to contribute to the mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease through release of inflammatory mediators. Since sulfasalazine and its metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid are effective therapeutic agents in inflammatory bowel disease and have been shown to inhibit generation of inflammatory products in other cells, we examined the effect of these agentsin vitro on human intestinal mast cell mediator release. Sulfasalazine (5×10−4−10−3 M) was found to significantly enhance goat anti-human IgE-induced histamine release from intestinal mast cells, which is the same response as seen in human blood basophils, whereas its metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid was an effective inhibitor of stimulated histamine release in both mast cells and basophils. 5-Aminosalicylic acid also inhibited production of prostaglandin D2 by the stimulated intestinal mast cells. Sulfasalazine alone, without immunologic stimulation, did not induce histamine release from mast cells or basophils, but the enhancement of ongoing mast cell activation by sulfasalazine may explain some cases of adverse reactions to the drug. The inhibition of mast cell histamine release and prostaglandin generation by 5-aminosalicylic acid demonstrates a potential therapeutic modality of this agent.
Spatial frequency adaptation can enhance contrast sensitivity

Abstract Adaptation to a high-contrast sinusoidal luminance grating produces a temporary, band limited loss in sensitivity centered around the adaptation frequency. The decrease appears to be both narrower and more symmetrical than earlier reports suggest. The effect falls to zero by f ± 1 octave and is not reliably present from f ± 1 octave to f ± 2 octaves. Enhancement of contrast sensitivity occurs for frequencies further removed, peaking at about f ± 2 built 34 to 3 octaves. This suggests mutual inhibitory interactions among spatial-frequency-selective units of varying filter characteristics. Longterm practice produces significantly higher contrast sensitivity functions and narrower bandwidths of the adaptational sensitivity loss.
The Thruport concept and transmodal rail freight distribution in North America

Abstract The concept of flow has become particularly important in logistics and freight distribution. From a simple question of capacity, the issues of timing, frequency and punctuality are now of significant relevance in freight movements since they are part of supply chain management strategies. In particular, transport terminals and freight distribution centers have been the major elements permitting improvements in the efficiency and throughput of commodity chains from global production networks to local distribution. Intermodal transportation underlines a growing integration of freight transport systems brought by containerization. Receiving less attention, transshipments are not only an intermodal (flows between modes) issue, but also a transmodal (flows within the components of a mode) one. Rail transportation in North America is particularly illustrative of the challenges of transmodal operations. While containerized rail freight has experienced a substantial growth in recent years, this growth appears to be reaching serious bottlenecks, particularly at locations where transmodal operations have surged, such as Chicago. The paper investigates the concept of a “Thruport”, a facility designed to handle high volume transmodal rail shipments. The Thruport offers the potential of reconciling time and flows in rail freight distribution from which significant financial, time, energy and environmental benefits can be realized. It is argued that the Thruport represents a step in the evolution of intermodal transportation and containerization for inland transport systems.
Structural and inhibitor studies of norovirus 3C-like proteases.

Noroviruses have a single-stranded, positive sense 7–8 kb RNA genome, which encodes a polyprotein precursor processed by a virus-encoded 3C-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) to generate mature non-structural proteins. Because processing of the polyprotein is essential for virus replication, norovirus 3CLpro has been targeted for the discovery of anti-norovirus small molecule therapeutics. Thus, we performed functional, structural and inhibition studies of norovirus 3CLpro with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy with a synthetic protease inhibitor. Three 3CLpro from Norwalk virus (NV, genogroup I), MD145 (genogroup II) and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1, genogroup V) were optimized for a FRET assay, and compared for the inhibitory activities of a synthetic protease inhibitor (GC376). The apo 3D structures of NV 3CLpro determined with X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy were further analyzed. In addition, the binding mode of NV 3CLpro-GC376 was compared with X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. The results of this report provide insight into the interaction of NV 3CLpro with substrate/inhibitor for better understanding of the enzyme and antiviral drug development.
Hydrodynamic instabilities of near-critical CO2 flow in microchannels: Lattice Boltzmann simulation

Motivated by systematic CO2 evaporation experiments which recently became available (J. Pettersen, “Flow vaporization of CO2 in microchannel tubes,” Doctor technicae thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2002), the present work constitutes an exploratory investigation of isothermal flow of CO2 near its liquid–vapor critical point through a long 5 μm diameter microchannel. A modified van der Waals constitutive model—with properties closely approximating those of “real” near-critical CO2—is incorporated in a two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann hydrodynamics model by embedding a dimensionless parameter X, with X→1 denoting the “real” fluid. The hydrodynamic phenomena resulting by imposing a constant pressure gradient along a periodic channel are investigated by considering two regimes in tandem: (1) transition from bubbly to annular flow with a liquid film formed at the channel walls and (2) destabilization of the liquid film by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Due to numerical constraints, intrinsic modeling errors are introduced and are shown to be associated with discrepancies in the relative vapor–liquid interfacial thickness, which is expressed by X. The effects of these errors are investigated both theoretically and numerically in the physical limit X→1. Numerically determined flow patterns compare qualitatively well with direct visualization results obtained by Pettersen. Overall, the characteristics of isothermal near-critical two-phase flow in microchannels can be reproduced by the appropriate modification of the thermophysical properties of CO2.
Dried urine spots for detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus in newborns

Dried urine spots (DUS) have been reported to provide a simple screening tool for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. We developed a standardized method for CMV quantification from DUS. Two applications of 20 μL urine remained within the rim of the filter paper disc and were used to determine the analytical performance of Towne CMV spiked into urine and applied on the discs. The measurable range spanned 3.7 to ≥8.0 log(10) copies/mL. The detection limit was 22 DNA copies/disc. Urine samples from congenitally infected newborns and negative controls were either diluted 1:10 or applied on filter paper at the same volume. DNA copy number from DUS correlated well with copy number from 1:10 diluted urine, although there was a trend for lower levels from DUS (0.3 log(10) difference). Our standardized method for CMV detection and quantification may facilitate CMV studies in resource-limited areas and allow for longitudinal monitoring of viral loads in treated infants.
Comparison Of Near-Millimeter Wave And Infrared Propagation Under Conditions Of Low Visibility

Water in the atmosphere is the principal natural impediment to propagation of both infra-red and near-millimeter wave electromagnetic energy. Attenuation by water in the vapor phase is greater near one millimeter than near 10 μm. When fog is present, extinction by the water or ice particles depends upon the wavelength of the propagating energy, the complex index of refraction of the particles for that wavelength, and the particle-size distribution. This paper summarizes a thorough survey of the literature on fog drop-size distributions throughout the world. A representative sample of data is selected for use in computations of the extinction of 10.6, 870, and 1250 μm by numerous fogs. Attenuation by fog drops is much greater near 10 μm than near one millimeter. Computations made with German data show that attenuation of liquid plus vapor is smallest for 1250 μm in fogs of different densities in all seasons. In very dense German fogs, 10.6 μm has the largest attenuation in all seasons. In spring, summer, and autumn attenuations of 10.6 μm and 870 μm in moderate fogs are the same order of magnitude.
Formation of an Al6Mn precipitate in aluminum annealed after implantation with 3.5 atomic percent manganese

Abstract Microstructures and manganese composition depth profiles were examined in aluminum after implantation with manganese to a maximum concentration of 3.5 atomic percent and after annealing the implanted samples at 460°C for 4 h. The depth profiles were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and the microstructure was examined using transmission electron microscopy techniques. An orthorhombic Al6Mn precipitate phase with a specific orientation relationship relative to the matrix was observed for these annealing conditions. This precipitate appears to exhibit several morphologies. The results reported here are compared to previous microstructure results for aluminum annealed after implantation with molybdenum to the same maximum concentration level.
Minimum-fuel rocket trajectories involving intermediate-thrust arcs

The optimal trajectories in the neighborhood of an optimal intermediate-thrust arc are investigated for the minimum-fuel orbit rendezvous problem with fixed specific impulse. Since such an arc is singular, the thrust acceleration magnitude being the singular control component, a second-variation analysis leads to the identification of a field of neighboring, singular arcs in a state space of dimension four rather than six, provided that a suitable Jacobi condition is met. A given neighboring initial six-dimensional state vector does not generally lie on a neighboring singular arc, and junction onto the appropriate singular arc must be accomplished by a short period of strong variations in the acceleration. The neighboring singular arc meets the final condition in 4 dimensions, rather than 6 dimensions, and rendezvous must be completed by another, terminal short period of strong variations in the acceleration. Implications for midcourse guidance near a singular arc are discussed.
TRANSPORT OF ETHANOL-WATER DIMERS IN PERVAPORATION THROUGH A SILICONE RUBBER MEMBRANE

Abstract Pervaporation experiments have been performed using a silicone rubber membrane with feed mixtures ranging from pure water to pure ethanol. The pervaporation process is modelled as coupled diffusion driven by activity gradients. Diffusion coefficients are assumed to be constant. Coupling effects are modelled by assuming that water clusters, practically immobilized within the silicone rubber membrane, break down in the presence of ethanol to form mobile ethanol-water dimers that contribute significantly to the overall water flux. Experimental data are consistent with the proposed model.
Luetic rectal stricture

A case of luetic stricture of the rectum and a review of the literature are presented. The characteristics of our case which support the diagnosis are (1) the distinctive roentgen appearance of the rectum without evidence of sinuses or fistulae, (2) negative proctoscopic examination—rectal mucosa intact, (3) positive complement fixation tests for syphilis, (4) repeatedly negative Frei tests, (5) absence of inguinal adenopathy, (6) no menstrual abnormalities, (7) absence of gram-negative diplococci, (8) improvement and healing during antiluetic treatment, and (9) course of local disease condition approximately two years.
A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF RETINYL ACETATE IN SOY BASED INFANT FORMULA USING MATRIX SOLID PHASE DISPERSION

Retinyl acetate in soy based infant formula was extracted by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and chromatographed by isocratic normal phase chromatography on a Si 60 column with a mobile phase of 0.28% (v/v) isopropanol in hexane. Detection was by fluorescence (Ex λ=325, Em λ=470). Fluorescence response was linear (r2=0.999) from 0.10 – 2.5 μg/mL. Recoveries determined on a soy based infant formula zero control reference material (ZRM) containing added analyte at five levels averaged 94.7% (n=25) with CV's from 0.57–3.53%. The method expands the use of MSPD extraction to the analysis of retinylacetate in soy based infant formulas.
Combined Flexor-Pronator Mass and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in the Elbows of Older Baseball Players:

BackgroundUlnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques have afforded baseball players up to a reported 90% return to prior or higher level of play. A subpopulation exists with less impressive clinical outcomes potentially related to the presence of a concomitant flexor-pronator mass injury.Hypothesis/PurposeCombined flexor-pronator and ulnar collateral ligament injuries occur in older players, and results in this group are inferior to those reported for isolated ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions.Study DesignCase Series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsAll baseball players who had ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions by 1 surgeon over a 6-year period were identified, and the authors studied those treated for a combined flexor-pronator and ulnar collateral ligament injury. The ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction was accomplished using the docking technique, and the flexor-pronator injury was treated with debridement if tendinotic or reattachment if torn. A 2-sample t test was conducted ...
Gastric histamine metabolism in the aging rat.

Abstract Rat glandular stomach histamine concentration increases from 15.5 μg/g at 25 days of age to 78 μg/g at 179 days of age, whereas histamine levels in the forestomach do not change with aging. This increase in histamine occurs primarily in the muscular layer of the glandular stomach but not the mucosal and serosal layers of this organ. There is little change in the histamine-forming capacity of the stomach in this age group, nor does Compound 48/80 lower histamine levels in vivo in glandular stomach ; it does lower levels in the forestomach and diaphragm. These data suggest that changes in rat stomach histamine storage capacity but not storage properties occur with aging.
Renewable energy integration and the impact of carbon regulation on the electric grid

This panel session paper outlines one of the research thrust areas in the Power System Engineering Research Center's (PSERC) new initiative funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to investigate requirements for a systematic transformation of today's electric grid to enable high penetrations of sustainable energy systems. The proposed research under this thrust area aims at understanding and quantifying the impact that massive integration of wind power will have on the power system in terms of efficiency, operational reliability, economic consequences and environmental outcomes. It also focuses on the design and evaluation of technological and market based approaches to mitigation the adverse impact of such integration. The analysis will be based simulation models designed to explore and evaluate technological and market solutions that can facilitate the integration of renewable resources. Specifically, the potential of harnessing the inherent flexibility of certain load types such as heating and cooling and PHEV charging and the deployment of distributed and system level storage devices to mitigate the variability and uncertainty of renewable resources will be explored and evaluated.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast.

BACKGROUND. Primary lymphoma of the breast has been reported to have a high local and central nervous system recurrence (CNS) rate, suggesting the need for consolidation radiotherapy and CNS prophylaxis. A retrospective study was done to evaluate the institutional experience in this patient population. METHODS. In all, 37 patients with lymphoma involving the breast at initial diagnosis and managed at Stanford University from 1981–2005 were included. Diagnostic tissue biopsies were obtained either from the breast mass or an involved lymph node. Treatment and response data, patterns of recurrence, and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histologic subtype seen in 18 of 37 (49%) patients. Follicular and marginal zone subtypes were seen in 38%. Most patients presented with an incidental breast mass in stage IE or IIE. Four (11%) patients presented with bilateral breast involvement, with only 1 patient presenting with CNS disease. DLBCL patients received doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, with 70% receiving involved field radiotherapy and a single patient receiving intrathecal therapy. No recurrences occurred in the involved breast and a single parenchymal CNS recurrence was recorded. Among the DLBCL patients, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 61%, with a median follow-up of 3.8 years (range, 5 months to 19 years) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was estimated at 82%. Patients with indolent lymphoma had an estimated 5-year PFS of 76% and an OS of 92%. CONCLUSIONS. DLBCL of the breast was successfully treated with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy alone or with involved field radiotherapy in an estimated 61% of patients at 5 years. A single CNS recurrence was observed in our series of patients, most of whom presented with limited disease. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Behavior therapy's promise for child treatment: Where we've been, where we may be going*

Outlining the beginning of behavioral treatment of children, this article describes the early experimental work on behavior analysis, with its inherent promise and limitations. Challenges to this early work promoted an even more promising technology for behavior therapy with children. Attention to several considerations drawn from past research is needed to enhance behavioral techniques, including attending to the complexity of the child's world, the child's developmental level, the unique demands of adolescence, and the powerful role of preventive interventions. Promises that remain to be fulfilled and future challenges to research and treatment are considered, with particular attention to the need for strong child advocacy.
Stroboscopic versus nonstroboscopic dynamics in the Floquet realization of the Harper-Hofstadter Hamiltonian

We study the stroboscopic and nonstroboscopic dynamics in the Floquet realization of the Harper-Hofstadter Hamiltonian. We show that the former produces the evolution expected in the high-frequency limit only for observables, which commute with the operator to which the driving protocol couples. On the contrary, nonstroboscopic dynamics is capable of capturing the evolution governed by the Floquet Hamiltonian of any observable associated with the effective high-frequency model. We provide exact numerical simulations for the dynamics of the number operator following a quantum cyclotron orbit on a $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ plaquette, as well as the chiral current operator flowing along the legs of a $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}20$ ladder. The exact evolution is compared with its stroboscopic and nonstroboscopic counterparts, including finite-frequency corrections.
EFFECTS OF X IRRADIATION ON TOXICITY OF MALATHION, HEPTACHLOR, AND TEMIK TO THE HOUSE FLY.

Dosage-mortality studies were conducted on both sexes of house flies Musca domestica L., the pupae receiving 5000 R X-irradiation, Single doses of the toxicant were applied to flies from pupae which had been irradiated with 7500 and 10,000 R, and to flies receiving 25,000, 50,000, and 75,000 R immediately before topical application. Generally, irradiation of pupae (1) increased toxicity of heptachlor to males and females; (2) reduced significantly the toxicity of malathion to females, with no effect on males; and (3) reduced significantly the toxicity of Temik® (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O -(methylcarbarbamoyl) oxime) to males, with no effect on females. Irradiation of adults (a) had no evident effect with heptachlor for either sex; (b) had no effect with malathion, and (c) increased significantly the toxicity of Temik to both sexes at 75,000 R. It is suggested that the phenomenal response observed in (2) may be attributed to altered ratios or increased levels of csterases involved in detoxication of malathion.
Lewis Acid Stabilized Methylidene and Oxoscandium Complexes

The methylidene scandium complex (PNP)Sc(μ3-CH2)(μ2-CH3)2[Al(CH3)2]2 (PNP = N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2−) can be prepared from the reaction of (PNP)Sc(CH3)2 and 2 equiv of Al(CH3)3. The Lewis ac...
Memory efficient Laguerre-FDTD scheme for dispersive media

The unconditionally stable Laguerre-FDTD method is suitable for simulating 3-D structures with large time step. In this work, memory efficient Laguerre-FDTD scheme for dispersive materials is proposed to ensure accurate modeling and less memory consumption compared to standard procedures. The memory efficient scheme is realized by representing the Laguerre domain expression of electric susceptibility in a recursive manner. Formulations have been derived for both Debye and Lorentz media. Numerical results show that the proposed Laguerre-FDTD method exhibits significant peak memory usage reduction and equivalent calculation accuracy of dispersive material involved transient simulation.
Analysis on a Novel Coaxial Magnetic Gear

This paper analyzed the high efficient performance of a novel magnetic gear, which offers several advantages compared to mechanical gears in terms of reducing maintenance, improving reliability and inherent overload protection. The magnetic gear, based on step motor principle, was analyzed on transmission torque both statically and dynamically. With the static theoretical results verified by using Finite Element Analysis, we deduced a dynamic model and programmed to demonstrate the dynamic process. Dynamic characteristics were draw in the conclusion.
Identification of new modulators and protein alterations in non-apoptotic programmed cell death.

This study describes the first proteomic analysis of paraptosis—a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. As with apoptosis, the first description of paraptosis was based on morphological criteria. Since there are no known markers for paraptosis, the purpose of this study was to dissect changes in the proteome profile occurring during paraptosis. Using one- and two-dimensional SDS–PAGE, Western analysis, and mass spectrometry, we show that during paraptosis, alterations occur mainly in cytoskeletal proteins, signal transduction proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and some metabolic proteins. We also report the identification of: (1) a paraptosis inhibitor, phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP-1), and (2) a candidate mediator of paraptosis, prohibitin. Identification of specific paraptotic changes will ultimately lead to tools to detect this type of programmed cell death in in vivo systems and allow for its further characterization. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1401–1412, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ancestral Pueblo Archaeology: The Value of Synthesis

Archaeologists working in the Ancestral Pueblo region of the American Southwest have documented variability in sociopolitical and economic complexity, landscape use, community organization, mobility, and violence at a wide range of temporal and spatial scales from AD 500–1700. Recent studies have a strong synthetic orientation, employ methods that track material culture, mobility, and social networks at macroregional scales, and benefit from a renewed engagement with indigenous peoples. Much of this research relies on integrating vast amounts of data from numerous academic and cultural resource management projects and demonstrates the promise of an archaeology that relies on the cumulative acquisition and sharing of data. Given the scale and depth of this research, Ancestral Pueblo archaeology is an exceptional comparative case for archaeologists considering similar processes, especially at fine temporal and wide geographical scales, in ancient farming societies across the globe.
Straw harvesting, fertilization, and fertilizer type alter soil microbiological and physical properties in a loblolly pine plantation in the mid-south USA

Harvesting fallen needles (straw) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations provides forest owners with a substantial source of income, but this practice and the type of fertilizer used to replenish nutrients removed with straw harvests may alter soil microbiological and physical properties. This study was conducted to explore the influence of annual straw harvesting, fertilization, and fertilizer source (inorganic vs. broiler poultry litter) in a loblolly pine plantation in the mid-south USA on: (1) soil microbial biomass C, (2) soil dehydrogenase activity, and (3) key soil physical properties (soil strength, bulk density, porosity, aeration, soil moisture content, organic matter, and available water holding capacity). All treatments that included straw harvesting increased bulk density and reduced soil porosity. Annual straw harvesting conducted with annual fertilization of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization was associated with the most pronounced increases in soil strength and reductions in organic matter, available water holding capacity, microbial biomass C, and dehydrogenase activity.
Long-term effects of staying connected with your teen® on drug use frequency at age 20.

Drug prevention interventions frequently target early adolescents in order to stop or delay initiation of substance use. However, the prevalence and frequency of drug use escalate and then peak during emerging adulthood, making it important to determine whether drug use prevention efforts in adolescence have lasting effects into adulthood. Additionally, given differences in drug use frequency between ethnic groups, intervention effects by race should be examined when possible. This study evaluates the efficacy of a family-focused prevention program, Staying Connected with Your Teen®, delivered to parents and teens in the 8th grade, on family stressors during 9th and 10th grades, 10th-grade drug use (as potential mediators), and drug use frequency at age 20. Families (N = 331; Black = 163, White = 168) were randomly assigned to three conditions: parent-adolescent group-administered (PA), self-administered with telephone support (SA), and no-treatment control (Haggerty et al. Prevention Science, 8: 249–260, 2007). The impact of the intervention was assessed using latent variable structural equation models. Age 20 drug use frequency was significantly higher among Whites than Blacks as expected. The PA intervention had direct effects on reducing drug use frequency for both Blacks and Whites. The SA intervention had an impact on family stressors during adolescence for Whites, but not for Blacks. Results suggest that both formats for delivery were modestly efficacious for Whites, but only direct delivery was modestly efficacious for Blacks. Given the substantial savings in cost of the self-administered program over the group-administered format, improving the efficacy of self-administered programming for Blacks is recommended.
Mycotic pseudoaneurysms due to injection drug use: a ten-year experience.

Background Arterial injury and infection due to repetitive injection drug use can result in mycotic pseudoaneurysm predisposing to hemorrhage, distal embolism, limb loss, and death. We hypothesized that debridement of the infected artery, followed by immediate vascular reconstruction, results in successful limb salvage in these patients. Methods The setting was a county hospital. A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with lower extremity pseudoaneurysms by the Departments of Surgery and Radiology between 2000 and 2009 was conducted. Outcome measures were patient characteristics, site(s) of lesion, type and results of imaging, type of operation, length of hospital stay, and complications. Results Sixteen patients had 17 pseudoaneurysms. One of the patients had two mycotic pseudoaneurysms in the same region separated by a period of 10 months. Culture of the wall of the first pseudoaneurysm was not performed. The second pseudoaneurysm was culture positive. The 15 remaining mycotic pseudoaneurysms were all culture positive. Nine patients were men, and the median age of the patient group was 37 years. Common femoral pseudoaneurysms were the most frequent (76%). Symptoms included swelling (94%), pain (82%), and erythema (75.6%). A rapidly expanding pulsatile expansile mass was present in four of the patients. Computed tomography and percutaneous angiography were done in seven and four of the patients, respectively, and were diagnostic in all cases studied. Resection and reconstruction with autologous vein was the most common procedure (seven), followed by cadaveric grafting (four), synthetic grafting (two), ligation (two), and primary repair (two). Muscle flaps were used in 76.5% of the cases. Complications included anastomotic dehiscence (n = 3), acute thrombosis (n = 1), ischemia (n = 1), abscess (n = 1), and compartment syndrome (n = 1). Three of these patients required a second vascular reconstruction. One patient ultimately required an amputation. No postoperative deaths occurred. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 13 of the 16 arterial walls. Conclusion Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant organism causing mycotic aneurysms of the common and superficial femoral arteries owing to injection drug use at San Francisco General Hospital. Wide debridement of the infected artery and reconstruction with an in-line reversed saphenous vein or cryopreserved vascular allograft is a safe and effective method of treatment. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the durability of this method of treatment.
A split protocol technique for web server migration

Reliability, availability and survivability are important characteristics of Web servers that enable them to provide continual service to clients. Server migration is one of the many approaches used to improve the reliability of Web servers. We propose a novel technique for migrating Web servers that is based on protocol splitting, wherein two servers, a connection server and a data server, function as a single logical server. The technique extends splitting by having the connection server dynamically transfer a TCP connection to another connection server with no client involvement. We describe an implementation of the migration technique and present preliminary performance results using bare PC Web servers in a LAN environment with Linux routers. The connection transfer is achieved by means of an additional inter-server packet and a script to modify a routing table. The results indicate the feasibility of adapting this approach in the future to work with conventional (non-bare) servers on the Internet.
Intracellular receptors and agents that induce activation in bovine oocytes

Abstract At fertilization, a dramatic change in the intracellular physiology of the oocyte occurs. Intracellular calcium transients have been observed in various species of oocytes including the bovine. These calcium transients have been associated with the early events of oocyte activation. Several reports have evaluated the effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) on oocyte activation and its potential role in the events of fertilization. Recent results indicate the existance of both IP3 and ryanodine receptors in bovine oocytes. The events associated with activation and the existance of specific receptors within bovine oocytes will be discussed.
An in-depth analysis of male adolescent smokeless tobacco users: interviews with users and their fathers.

Male adolescent smokeless tobacco (ST) users (N=191) were extensively interviewed, then followed over a 6-month period with monthly telephone interviews. In addition, their fathers (N=137) were interviewed by telephone. Based on these data, ST use appears similar to cigarette smoking with respect to onset, patterns of use, social influences, attempts to quit, and indications of addiction. Onset and continued use of ST largely occur in a social context. Parents are reportedly aware (73%) of their sons' ST use but appear tolerant. The great majority of S's (92%) believe that there is some health risk associated with ST use. Over half report noticing ST-related changes in their oral cavities, although their dentists generally had not discussed ST use with them. Over one-third of the current users report unsuccessful quit attempts. ST use appears to be part of a more general pattern of substance use, including marijuana and alcohol.
Attraction and direct mortality of pandora moths, Coloradia pandora (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), by nocturnal fire

Abstract The attraction of nocturnal moths to candles and other sources of light has long been observed, but fire as a potential source of mortality to moths in ecosystems with frequent fire regimes has been overlooked. A prescribed burn was conducted shortly after dark in a central Oregon ponderosa pine forest during the flight period of the endemic defoliator Coloradia pandora (Blake). Attraction to the fire and partial consumption by flames caused direct mortality estimated at 2.2% to 17.1% of the local pandora moth population. In field tests with projected light, pandora moths did not discriminate among colors in the visible spectrum. Moths did not respond to projected light for at least 1 h after dusk, indicating that timing and duration of the prescribed fire may have limited the mortality.
Stable Messenger RNA in Nucleated Erythrocytes

THE mammalian reticulocyte is capable of synthesizing haemoglobin for many hours after its nucleus has been extruded. Since the nucleus is the site of messenger-RNA synthesis1, these cells must be using stable messenger for continued protein synthesis. In contrast to the red blood cells of mammals, erythrocytes of lower vertebrates and invertebrates are almost always nucleated. With the nucleus present these cells could conceivably synthesize protein on short-lived messenger templates. In order to determine whether nucleated red blood cells utilize short-or long-lived messenger-RNA, representative avian and reptilian erythrocytes were investigated by stopping DNA-dependent RNA synthesis with actinomycin D and following the course of protein synthesis in the functionally ‘enucleated’ cells.
Polynucleotide Ligase and φX174 Single Strand Synthesis

A DNA ligase mutant of E. coli when infected with φX174 produces linear single strands which appear in an intracellular pool and in phage particles. The linear single strands, which are infectious in a spheroplast assay, seem to be a normal intermediate in progeny DNA synthesis.
Fur-rubbing behavior of capuchin monkeys.

T he world’s shortest poem, “Fleas,” has only three words: Adam/Had ’em. The dermatologic interpretation is that ectoparasites have annoyed man ever since, well, ever since Adam. Or maybe before that, because evolutionary biologists theorize that the ancestors of Homo sapiens and the ancestors of anthropophagous ectoparasites coevolved over eons.1 Humans have several ways to prevent and treat their ectoparasite infestations. Most other animals are limited to scratching or biting themselves or rubbing against fixed objects to obtain relief from annoying arthropods. Nonhuman primates, on the other hand, have more sophisticated responses. In social grooming, members of a primate troop pair off and pick arthropods and nits from each other in a highly structured manner. The white-faced or capuchin monkey (Cebus capuchinus) has another specialized behavior known as fur rubbing. Dr Mary Baker, an anthropologist from the University of California at Riverside, spent years observing this behavior in wild capuchins. The capuchins break up plants, both manually and orally, and rub the material over their bodies.2 We believe that the capuchins use these plants to rid themselves of lice, mites, and ticks. In 1998, R. T. and M. D. traveled by plane, bus, boat, and truck to the rainforests of Costa Rica to study ectoparasitism in capuchins. Our research site, El Refugio de Vida Silvestre Curu, is in the dense lowland forests along Costa Rica’s Pacific coast. The Refugio, a 3706-acre haven of biodiversity, is home to more than 400 species of vertebrates and 400 species of vascular plants. The family who owns the Refugio welcomes the use of their land for research, education, and ecotourism.3 The owners permit scientists from Cornell University to conduct field studies and to collect plants for phytochemical analysis and biologic evaluation at Cornell. We observed the monkeys in their natural habitat (Fig 1) and collected plant specimens to better unFrom Exponent, New York, the Department of Biology, Hollins University, Roanoke, the Department of Anthropology, Pomona College, Claremont, and the Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca. Funding sources: Cornell University and The Explorers Club of New York. Presented in part at a poster session at The International Conference on Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery, Silver Spring, Md, Nov 3-5, 1999. Reprint requests: Maria DeJoseph, MS, Exponent, 420 Lexington Ave, Suite 408, New York, NY 10170.