cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting the ICOS/ICOS-L pathway in a mouse model of established allergic asthma disrupts T follicular helper cell responses and ameliorates disease

Background Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and remodelling of the airways, associated with dysregulated type 2 immune responses and allergen-specific IgE. T follicular helper cells (TFH ) are crucial in T-dependent B-cell responses and have been implicated in allergic airway disease (AAD). TFH , unlike other CD4+ T cells, are uniquely reliant on continuous ICOS signalling to maintain their phenotype after T-cell priming; therefore, disrupting this signal can impair TFH responses. However, the contribution of TFH to disease during chronic aero-allergen exposure and the therapeutic potential of targeting these cells have not been evaluated. Methods To establish AAD, female BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to house dust mite or Alternaria alternata three times a week for up to 5 weeks. To examine the impact of TFH on AAD, mice were allergen exposed for 5 weeks and co-administered anti-ICOS Ligand-targeted antibodies, three times a week for the last 2 weeks. Results TFH were first observed in the lung-draining lymph nodes and with further exposure were also found locally within the lungs. TFH accumulated with sustained allergen exposure, alongside germinal centre (GC) B cells. Blockade of ICOS signalling after AAD establishment successfully depleted TFH but did not affect the differentiation of other CD4+ T-cell subsets. This reduced GC responses, allergen-specific IgE, inflammation, pulmonary IL-13 and airway hyper-responsiveness. Conclusions TFH are crucial in the regulation of AAD and the ICOS/ICOS-L pathway could represent a novel therapeutic target in allergic asthma.
Ustekinumab Is Effective for the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease of the Pouch in a Multicenter Cohort

Background Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch and chronic pouchitis occur in approximately 10% of patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) or UC-related dysplasia. The efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents and vedolizumab have been reported for the treatment of CD of the pouch and chronic pouchitis, but little is known regarding the use of ustekinumab in these settings. Our primary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of ustekinumab for these conditions. Methods This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study evaluating the efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with CD of the pouch and chronic pouchitis. Clinical response or remission was judged by the treating physician's assessment at 6 months. Results Fifty-six patients (47 with CD of the pouch and 9 with chronic pouchitis) were included the study. Of these, 73% had previously been treated with either anti-TNF therapy, vedolizumab, or both after IPAA. Among patients with CD of the pouch and chronic pouchitis, 83% demonstrated clinical response 6 months after induction with ustekinumab. Responders demonstrated significantly less pouch inflammation on endoscopy when compared with nonresponders (29% vs 100%; P = 0.023). Higher mean body mass index at induction (26.3 vs 23.7; P = 0.033) and male sex (83% vs 30%; P = 0.014) were significant predictors of nonresponse to ustekinumab in those with CD of the pouch. Conclusion In this refractory patient population, ustekinumab appears to be a safe and effective treatment for chronic pouchitis and CD of the pouch in biologic-naive patients and those with prior anti-TNF or vedolizumab therapy failure. 10.1093/ibd/izx005_video1 izy302.video1 5844889626001.
Thriving, not just surviving

With half of his workforce being new to teaching, headteacher Adrian Kidd describes the systems of support and CPD that allow his NQTs to thrive in their first years at the chalkface
Sex Differences in Trait Anxiety's Association with Alcohol Problems in Emerging Adults: The Influence of Symptoms of Depression and Borderline Personality.

Objective: The co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and internalizing psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression, has been well documented. However, most studies of the association betw...
Application of Gm typing in cases of disputed paternity.

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to reappraise the usefulness of the Gm markers of human IgG immunoglobulins as a basis for exclusion in cases of disputed paternity. Fifty cases were tested for Gm factors, and five (10%) alleged fathers were excluded. Thirty-three of these 50 cases were also tested for blood groups, and four (12%) alleged fathers, none among the five excluded by Gm tests, were shown incapable of being the biologic fathers of these children. The use of Gm typing provided about twice as many genetic exclusions as could be excluded by blood groups alone. Serum genetic markers, such as Gm, have a valid and useful place in the solution of forensic problems. (Author)
Response of feline brain tissue to oscillating arterial pO2.

An experimental system has been developed to investigate the transient response of tissue and cellular pO2 to dynamic changes in perfusion. The in-vivo tissue transients resulting from short episodes of respirator-induced hypoxia were followed in the cerebral cortex of cats while simultaneously measuring tissue pO2, total arterial pO2 and flow rate, venous pO2, and cell action-potential. The system was capable of producing, recording, and correlating oscillations induced by either respirator variations or a computer controlled exchange of venous and arterial blood.
A dinâmica social do desrespeito: para a situação de uma teoria crítica da sociedade

In this article, which originally is the text of Axel Honneth’s inaugural speech at the the Otto- Suhr-Institut at the Free University of Berlin, the author delineates the program of an intersubjective theory of recognition, taking that category as the conceptual core of a Critical Theory of society in which pre-theoretical experiences of disrespect of one’s social expectations are connected to the emergence of emancipatory claims.
The role of prior knowledge and curiosity in learning

Recent work has argued that curiosity can improve learning. However, these studies also leave open the possibility that being on the verge of knowing can itself induce curiosity. We investigate how prior knowledge relates to curiosity and subsequent learning using a trivia question task. Curiosity in our task is best predicted by a learner’s estimate of their current knowledge, more so than an objective measure of what they actually know. Learning is best predicted by both curiosity and an objective measure of knowledge. These results suggest that while curiosity is correlated with knowledge, there is only a small boost in learning from being curious. The implication is that the mechanisms that drive curiosity are not identical to those that drive learning outcomes.
Imide Natural Products

Abstract The imide functionality is ubiquitous in nature and found in many structurally diverse natural products. The imides themselves are most often cyclic and the natural products containing them tend to be bioactive. Some imides, such as glutarimide, appear so frequently in highly potent, naturally occurring antibiotics, that they have come to be considered privileged scaffolds. The imide natural products covered in this chapter are grouped by a combination of the overall structural similarity of both the molecule and the type of imide itself; the groups include bisindoles, glutarimides, maleimides, polyketides, succinimides, and tetramic acids. Each individual natural product is further broken down by isolation, biological activity, and synthesis, where applicable. This chapter is not intended to provide comprehensive and exhaustive coverage of all known imide-containing natural products. Rather, it will cover selected, representative natural products in a range of structural classes with initial isolation dates from the early 20th century up to 2018.
Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review

Background: College students are increasingly reporting common mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, and they frequently encounter barriers to seeking traditional mental health treatments. Digital mental health interventions, such as those delivered via the Web and apps, offer the potential to improve access to mental health treatment. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on digital mental health interventions focused on depression, anxiety, and enhancement of psychological well-being among samples of college students to identify the effectiveness, usability, acceptability, uptake, and adoption of such programs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number CRD42018092800), and the search strategy was conducted by a medical research librarian in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EbscoHost), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) from the date of inception to April 2019. Data were synthesized using a systematic narrative synthesis framework, and formal quality assessments were conducted to address the risk of bias. Results: A total of 89 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of interventions (71/89, 80%) were delivered via a website, and the most common intervention was internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (28, 31%). Many programs (33, 37%) featured human support in the form of coaching. The majority of programs were either effective (42, 47%) or partially effective (30, 34%) in producing beneficial changes in the main psychological outcome variables. Approximately half of the studies (45, 51%) did not present any usability or acceptability outcomes, and few studies (4, 4%) examined a broad implementation of digital mental health interventions on college campuses. Quality assessments revealed a moderate-to-severe risk of bias in many of the studies. Conclusions: Results suggest that digital mental health interventions can be effective for improving depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being among college students, but more rigorous studies are needed to ascertain the effective elements of these interventions. Continued research on improving the user experience of, and thus user engagement with, these programs appears vital for the sustainable implementation of digital mental health interventions on college campuses.
Abstract 3289: Time to diagnosis of second primary cancers among survivors of smoking-related malignancies

Background: Despite steady declines in cigarette smoking prevalence, approximately one-third of cancer deaths in the United States are associated with smoking. This growing population of cancer survivors is at increased risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). We explored the incidence of SPC by latency period among survivors of the most commonly diagnosed smoking-related malignancies. Methods: The current study utilized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data (2000-2015) concerning diagnoses with a primary malignancy from 10 smoking-related cancer sites (lung and bronchus, head and neck, esophagus, urinary bladder, liver, stomach, kidney and renal pelvis, acute myeloid leukemia, uterine cervix, and colorectal). SPC was defined as the first subsequent primary cancer occurring at least 2 months after first cancer diagnosis. SPC risks were quantified using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) stratified by latency period ( Results: A cohort of 1,895,307 patients was identified and 132,635 (7.0%) developed SPC. Overall risk of SPC for all primary smoking-related malignancy was significantly elevated for all latency periods compared with the general population. Almost all smoking-related cancer sites presented with a significant increase in the risk of SPC relative to the general population (SIR range 1.09-3.38) within the first 5 years (with the exception of acute myeloid leukemia cancer) and individual cancer risk declined with increasing latency (Table). Conclusion: We found that 1-in-12 survivors of smoking-related primary malignancies developed an SPC. For most such malignancies, the risk of SPC was higher within 5 years after the primary diagnosis and declined with increasing latency. As cancer survivors transition back to primary care management in the years following cancer cure/remission, a better understanding of SPC risk and associated factors is needed to inform surveillance and prevention guidelines. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Min Jee Lee, Sabha Ganai, Maggie Wang, Matthew C. Simpson, Wiley D. Jenkins. Time to diagnosis of second primary cancers among survivors of smoking-related malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3289.
Rural Behavioral Health Services

Chapter “Rural Behavioral Health Services” presents an overview of the major challenges in the provision of rural and frontier behavioral health services in the United States. It also identifies the most important issues facing rural and frontier behavioral health services delivery in the foreseeable future.
Music Therapy and Music Medicine Studies in Oncology: Part I: A Comparison

Music medicine studies and music therapy studies in oncology are compared in this research article. The intent is to see whether music therapy research differs from music medicine research and, if so, articulate the differences. The studies referred to in this paper might be most useful in highlighting the strong points of each type of practice. Nine music therapy and eight music medicine quantitative or mixed methods studies were selected as exemplary studies in both areas, using a Delphi process. Studies were then examined and compared regarding number of participants; independent and dependent variables; measures used; findings; number, duration, and frequency of sessions; number of participants; presentation of music; number and length of sessions; whether intervention content and an intervention theory were provided; whether music therapists were included as authors; the types of journals in which articles were published; areas of intervention; and whether CONSORT guidelines were followed. Similarities and differences are discussed, as are implications for research and practice.
Dating a Martian meteorite with 20 Myr precision using a prototype in-situ dating instrument

Abstract We are continuing the development of a compact resonance ionization mass spectrometer for geochronology of planetary specimens, ultimately for in-situ use on the Moon or Mars. We previously demonstrated 87Rb–87Sr isochrons for the Martian meteorite Zagami and the Duluth Gabbro with a best precision for Zagami of 100 Myr, using 10-ns, 250-μJ laser ablation pulses of 213-nm radiation. In that work, we suggested that our precision had been limited by instabilities in the nanosecond ablation process, which strongly and variably fractionated Rb from Sr. To overcome this limitation, we have replaced the ablation laser with one generating 150-fs, 300-μJ pulses. Furthermore, by modifying the geometry of the sample to reduce plasma penetration into the mass spectrometer, we have improved our instrumental sensitivity, which in turn improves the dating precision we are able to achieve. Our age determination of 150 ​± ​20 ​Ma is 5 times more precise than our best previous reported age, and is no longer limited by the precision we can achieve on the Rb/Sr ratios of individual spots. Instead, we are now limited by the precision we can achieve in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the relatively few spots with the highest Rb/Sr ratios. We discuss prospects for even further improvements in the dating precision achievable with resonance ionization mass spectrometry.
Implied Volatilities for Options on Backward-Looking Term Rates

We derive valuation formulas for caps and floors on backward-looking term rates in the Black-1976, Bachelier and Hull-White-1-Factor models explicitly regarding valuation in the fixing period, extending and detailing results of [Lyashenko & Mercurio 2019, Henrard 2019, Turfus 2020]. These formulae facilitate us to provide a consistent definition for implied volatility on backward-looking term rates.
Dyadic associations between relationship quality and risk of opioid use among couples receiving methadone for opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Social relationships may serve as both protective factors and risk factors for opioid use (nonmedical prescription opioid or illicit opioid use) among patients receiving methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD). Yet little is known about how relationship quality is linked to outcomes among couples receiving methadone. We evaluated the links between relationship quality and risk of opioid use among couples in which both partners received methadone. Methods Participants included 53 heterosexual married or cohabiting couples aged 18 and older who were drawn from two opioid treatment programs in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Both members of the couple completed a self-administered survey assessing their sociodemographic information, relationship and treatment characteristics, and risk of opioid use. Results Roughly half of women (47.2%) and men (52.8%) had a moderate to high risk of nonmedical prescription opioid use and almost two-thirds (64.2%) had a moderate to high risk of street opioid use. Risk of street opioid use was highly correlated within couples. Actor-partner interdependence models revealed that when women reported higher positive relationship quality, they had a lower risk of nonmedical prescription opioid use and their partners had a lower risk of street opioid use. Negative relationship quality was not significantly linked to risk of opioid use. Conclusions Couples in which both partners receive methadone for OUD may be at risk of return to use, and positive partner relationships may play a role in lowering this risk. Women’s perceptions of relationship quality might be a particularly important target for clinical care and interventions.
Glucose restriction drives spatial reorganization of mevalonate metabolism

Eukaryotes compartmentalize metabolic pathways into sub-cellular domains, but the role of inter-organelle contacts in organizing metabolic reactions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that in response to acute glucose restriction (AGR) yeast undergo metabolic remodeling of their mevalonate pathway that is spatially coordinated at nucleus-vacuole junctions (NVJs). The NVJ serves as a metabolic platform by selectively retaining HMG-CoA Reductases (HMGCRs), driving mevalonate pathway flux in an Upc2-dependent manner. Both spatial retention of HMGCRs and increased mevalonate pathway flux during AGR is dependent on NVJ tether Nvj1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HMGCRs associate into high-molecular-weight assemblies during AGR in an Nvj1-dependent manner. Loss of Nvj1-mediated HMGCR partitioning can be bypassed by artificially multimerizing HMGCRs, indicating NVJ compartmentalization enhances mevalonate pathway flux by promoting the association of HMGCRs in high molecular weight assemblies. Loss of HMGCR compartmentalization perturbs yeast growth following glucose starvation, indicating it promotes adaptive metabolic remodeling. Collectively, we propose a non-canonical mechanism regulating mevalonate metabolism via the spatial compartmentalization of rate-limiting HMGCR enzymes at an inter-organelle contact site.
Salt screening analysis for reverse electrodialysis

As a renewable energy conversion technology, reverse electrodialysis (RED) can be employed for generating electricity, where two solutions with different salt concentrations are mixed together from membrane-separated streams. In addition to the concentration gradient of streams and membrane characterization, the type and nature of the components dissolved in the streams play an important role in electricity generation by RED. Although studies on the effect of salt type on the performance of RED are available, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis related to salt selection for RED applications. In this paper, a model for screening salt solutions, including 174 monovalent and multivalent ions, is developed. Salts for RED were screened using theoretical open-circuit voltage (OCVth) calculations and compared with a reference salt (NaCl). The activity coefficients of salts in different concentration ranges were calculated using the Bromley model. The effects of membrane properties, including permselectivity and membrane resistance, on the performance of a RED cell, were analyzed. Furthermore, a model for hazard assessment of salts was employed to provide an analysis for the selection of salts with minimum environmental, health, and physicals hazards. Moreover, the effects of ionic properties, including charge density, ionic radius, and hydration energy, on the theoretical OCV were investigated. Between the investigated salts, potassium formate (KHCO2), sodium bromide (NaBr), potassium acetate (KC2H3O2), and sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) were found to be promising salts for RED applications due to high theoretical OCV, low hazard potential, and low cost compared to NaCl.
UNMUTE YOURSELF: Thoughts on the Architecture of Virtual Worship

Here’s my candidate for perhaps the biggest understatement of the year: the pandemic has been disorienting. I don’t think my experience has been exceptional but, even if it has just been me, the la...
High Speed Content Addressable Memory

A high-speed associative memory is described which is embedded in a newly developed processing unit chip. The size of the associative macro is 1.5 mm2. The edge size of the chip is 14.6 mm. It is one of 6 chips of a S/390 microprocessor chip set. The technology used for the chip set is 0.35 ?m CMOS with 6 levels of metal.
Metastatic tumor to the tongue. Report of twelve cases

Abstract The authors have reviewed twelve autopsies of metastatic tumors to the tongue. All twelve cases had documented primary tumors in extraoral sites. This rare phenomenon occurred mostly in patients with generalized dissemination of tumor. Four of the twelve patients had clinical manifestations of lingual metastases before death. In this reported series, most metastases were discovered in the basal region of the tongue.
Lyman‐α imaging of the SO2 distribution on Io

Imaging spectroscopy of Io in the ultraviolet (1160–1720 A) was carried out with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on HST on three dates in October 1997 and August 1998. Among the initial results was the observation of concentrated regions of Hi Lyman-α flux near the poles of Io that exhibited a morphology and temporal variability different from those of the atomic oxygen and sulfur emission regions seen near the equatorial limbs. We examine the suggestion that the primary source of Lyman-α emission is surface reflected solar radiation that penetrates the thin polar atmosphere, but is strongly absorbed by the thicker SO2 atmosphere near Io's equator. Spectral and spatial analyses lead to derived SO2 column densities that are in good agreement with those derived from earlier HST observations of Io's albedo in the 2000–2300 A wavelength range. The Lyman-α images clearly illustrate features of Io's atmosphere that have been deduced from previous observations and theoretical modeling: a non-uniformity with respect to the sub-solar point dominated by a freezing out of the SO2 near the poles and variation with both longitude and time due to the variability of the sources of the atmospheric gas. Lyman-α imaging is demonstrated to be an extremely powerful and direct way to globally map the dynamic atmosphere of Io.
Heterotrophic Nitrification in an Acid Forest Soil and by an Acid-Tolerant Fungus

Nitrate was formed from ammonium at pH 3.2 to 6.1 in suspensions of a naturally acid forest soil; the maximum rates of formation occurred at ca. pH 4 to 5. Nitrate was also formed from soil nitrogen in suspensions incubated at 50 degrees C. Autotrophic nitrifying bacteria could not be isolated from this soil. Enrichment cultures produced nitrate in a medium with beta-alanine if much soil was added to the medium, and nitrite but not nitrate was formed in the presence of small amounts of soil. Nitrification by these enrichments was abolished by eucaryotic but not procaryotic inhibitors. A strain of Absidia cylindrospora isolated from this soil was found to produce nitrate and nitrite in a medium with beta-alanine at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 4.8. Nitrate production by A. cylindrospora required the presence of sterile soil. Free and bound hydroxylamine, hydroxamic acids, and primary aliphatic nitro compounds did not accumulate during the conversion of beta-alanine to nitrite by the fungus. The organism also formed nitrite from ammonium in a medium containing acetate. We suggest that nitrification in this soil is a heterotrophic process catalyzed by acid-tolerant fungi and not by autotrophs or heterotrophs in nonacid microsites.
Exploring Co-training strategies for opinion detection

For the last decade or so, sentiment analysis, which aims to automatically identify opinions, polarities, or emotions from user-generated content (e.g., blogs, tweets), has attracted interest from both academic and industrial communities. Most sentiment analysis strategies fall into 2 categories: lexicon-based and corpus-based approaches. While the latter often requires sentiment-labeled data to build a machine learning model, both approaches need sentiment-labeled data for evaluation. Unfortunately, most data domains lack sufficient quantities of labeled data, especially at the subdocument level. Semisupervised learning (SSL), a machine learning technique that requires only a few labeled examples and can automatically label unlabeled data, is a promising strategy to deal with the issue of insufficient labeled data. Although previous studies have shown promising results of applying various SSL algorithms to solve a sentiment-analysis problem, co-training, an SSL algorithm, has not attracted much attention for sentiment analysis largely due to its restricted assumptions. Therefore, this study focuses on revisiting co-training in depth and discusses several co-training strategies for sentiment analysis following a loose assumption. Results suggest that co-training can be more effective than can other currently adopted SSL methods for sentiment analysis.
Identification of Ecdysis-Triggering Hormone from an Epitracheal Endocrine System

Developing insects repeatedly shed their cuticle by means of a stereotyped behavior called ecdysis, thought to be initiated by the brain peptide eclosion hormone. Here an ecdysis-triggering hormone, Mas-ETH, is described from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Mas-ETH contains 26 amino acids and is produced by a segmentally distributed endocrine system of epitracheal glands (EGs). The EGs undergo a marked reduction in volume, appearance, and immunohistochemical staining during ecdysis, at which time Mas-ETH is found in the hemolymph. Injection of EGs extract or synthetic Mas-ETH into pharate larvae, pupae, or adults initiates preecdysis within 2 to 10 minutes, followed by ecdysis. Sensitivity to injected Mas-ETH appears much earlier before ecdysis and occurs with shorter latency than that reported for eclosion hormone. The isolated central nervous system responds to Mas-ETH, but not to eclosion hormone, with patterned motor bursting corresponding to in vivo preecdysis and ecdysis. Mas-ETH may be an immediate blood-borne trigger for ecdysis through a direct action on the nervous system.
Heart rate response to a modified Harvard step test: males and females, age 10-69.

Abstract The residents of an entire community are being examined periodically in an effort to determine the etiologic factors which lead to impaired health. As a part of this study, a submaximal test consisting of stepping onto an 8-inch bench at the rate of 24 steps/ minute for three minutes was administered to 2696 males and 2568 females, aged 10–69. The ECG, from which heart rate (HR) was measured, was recorded before, during, and after the exercise. Resting, exercise, and postexercise HR's are significantly higher for females at all ages. Pre-exercise HR decreases from age 10 to about age 25 in males and females, and shows little age change thereafter. In both males and females the terminal (3 minute) HR decreases from age 10 to 35, remains fairly constant to age 55, and decreases thereafter. The postexercise HR decreases again at age 65 in males and females. Reclining pre-exercise HR is moderately correlated with the exercise and postexercise HR at all ages in males and females. However, there is onl...
The prognostic and predictive value of KRAS oncogene substitutions in lung adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND The prognostic and therapeutic implications of the spectrum of v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) oncogene substitutions in lung cancer remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether KRAS oncogene substitutions differed with regard to prognosis or predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS KRAS oncogene substitutions and mutant allele-specific imbalance (MASI) were determined in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and the associations with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and chemotherapy interactions were assessed. RESULTS KRAS mutational analysis was performed on 988 lung adenocarcinomas, and 318 KRAS mutations were identified. In this predominantly early stage cohort (78.6% of patients had stage I-III disease), OS and RFS did not differ according to the type of KRAS substitution (OS, P = .612; RFS, P = .089). There was a trend toward better OS in the subset of patients with KRAS codon 13 mutations (P = .052), but that trend was not significant in multivariate analysis (P = .076). RFS did not differ according to codon type in univariate analysis (P = .322). There was a marked difference in RFS based on the presence of MASI in univariate analysis (P = .004) and multivariate analysis (P = .009). A test for interaction was performed to determine whether the effect of chemotherapy on OS and RFS differed based on KRAS substitution type, codon type, or the presence of MASI. That test indicated that there were no differences in the effects of chemotherapy for any of variables examined. CONCLUSIONS KRAS codon 13 mutations and MASI were identified as candidate biomarkers for prognosis, and it may be useful to incorporate them into prospective studies evaluating novel therapies in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2013;119:2268–2274. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Abstract 3074: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 stabilizes C/EBPα from 20S proteasomal degradation leading to protection against myeloproliferative disease

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a flavoprotein that protects cells against radiation and chemical induced oxidative stress. Disruption of NQO1 gene in mice leads to α-radiation-induced myeloproliferative disease. In the present study, we demonstrate that myeloid differentiation factor C/EBPα is degraded by 20S proteasome, and that NQO1 could salvage C/EBPα from 20S proteasomal degradation. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that NQO1, C/EBPα and 20S all interacted with each other. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that NQO1 and 20S competed for the same binding region in C/EBPβ. Mutagenesis study also revealed that NQO1Y127/Y129 required for NADH binding is essential for NQO1 stabilization of C/EBPβ. Exposure of mice and HL-60 cells to α-radiation led to increased NQO1 and decreased 20S interaction with C/EBPβ, which resulted in stabilization of C/EBPα and protection against α-radiation-induced myeloproliferative diseases. This mechanism might provide day-to-day protection to bone marrow against adverse effects of radiation and chemical exposure, which has significant effect on individuals carrying hetero- or homozygous NQO1P187S mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3074. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3074
Genomics of the honey bee microbiome

The guts of honey bee workers contain a distinctive community of bacterial species. They are microaerophilic or anaerobic, and were not clearly deliniated by earlier studies relying on laboratory culture of isolates under atmospheric oxygen levels. Recently, a more complete picture of the potential metabolism and functions of these bacteria has been possible, using genomic approaches based on metagenomic samples, as well as cultured isolates. Of these, most are host-restricted and are generally absent outside adult guts. These species include both Gram negative groups, such as Gilliamella apicola and Snodgrassella alvi, and Gram positive groups such as certain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. These gut bacterial species appear to have undergone long term coevolution with honey bee and, in some cases, bumble bee hosts. Prediction of gene functions from genome sequences suggests roles in nutrition, digestion, and potentially in defense against pathogens. In particular, genes for sugar utilization and carbohydrate breakdown are enriched in G. apicola and the Lactobacillus species.
Productivity associated with visual status of computer users.

Background The aim of this project is to examine the potential connection between the astigmatic refractive corrections of subjects using computers and their productivity and comfort. We hypothesize that improving the visual status of subjects using computers results in greater productivity, as well as improved visual comfort. Methods Inclusion criteria required subjects 19 to 30 years of age with complete vision examinations before being enrolled. Using a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized design, subjects completed three experimental tasks calculated to assess the effects of refractive error on productivity (time to completion and the number of errors) at a computer. The tasks resembled those commonly undertaken by computer users and involved visual search tasks of: (1) counties and populations; (2) nonsense word search; and (3) a modified text-editing task. Results Estimates of productivity for time to completion varied from a minimum of 2.5% upwards to 28.7% with 2 D cylinder miscorrection. Assuming a conservative estimate of an overall 2.5% increase in productivity with appropriate astigmatic refractive correction, our data suggest a favorable cost-benefit ratio of at least 2.3 for the visual correction of an employee (total cost $268) with a salary of $25,000 per year. Conclusions We conclude that astigmatic refractive error affected both productivity and visual comfort under the conditions of this experiment. These data also suggest a favorable cost-benefit ratio for employers who provide computer-specific eyewear to their employees.
Is There More to Complicated Grief Than Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? A Test of Incremental Validity

There is growing interest in complicated grief reactions as a possible new diagnostic category for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, no research has yet shown that complicated grief has incremental validity (i.e., predicts unique variance in functioning). The authors addressed this issue in 2 studies by comparing grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with different measures of functioning (interviewer ratings, friend ratings, self-report, and autonomic arousal). The 1st study (N = 73) used longitudinal data collected at 4 and 18 months postloss, and the 2nd study (N = 447) used cross-sectional data collected 2.5-3.5 years postloss. With depression and PTSD controlled, grief emerged as a unique predictor of functioning, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. The findings provide convergent support for the incremental validity of complicated grief as an independent marker of bereavement-related psychopathology.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF OSELTAMIVIR IN BREAST MILK AND MATERNAL PLASMA

Objective Women in the postpartum period are at high risk for complications from influenza. Pharmacokinetic data of oseltamivir phosphate in postpartum women, however, are lacking. Study Design Seven healthy patients within 48 hours of delivery were recruited. Each woman received 75 mg of oseltamivir phosphate. Plasma and breast milk samples were obtained at times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the first dose. The samples were analyzed for oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate levels. Using a noncompartmental model, area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (C max ), time to maximum concentration, and half-life were estimated. Results Oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate were found in breast milk, although later and in lower levels than that found in plasma. The C max and AUC 0-24 was higher for the active metabolite than for the prodrug in both plasma and breast milk. Conclusion Oseltamivir carboxylate was present in breast milk but in concentrations significantly lower than considered therapeutic in infants.
Deuterium content of minerals, rocks and liquid inclusion from rocks

Abstract Samples of some minerals, rocks and liquid inclusions from rocks have been analysed for water and deuterium content of the water. Samples from Hawaii and Japan were selected with the prime objective of securing juvenile water. It is found that the water of these samples contains less deuterium than the average surface water of the earth, and it is concluded that juvenile water does not contain as much deuterium as the oceans. Possible explanations for the discrepancy are offered. (1) Protium equivalent to about 4 per cent of the oceans has escaped from the earth with a negligible loss of deuterium. (2) The earth at its formation acquired surface water of high deuterium content and deeply buried water of low deuterium content. It is pointed out that certain carbonaceous chondrites contain the highest concentrations of deuterium ever found in Nature, while others of this group contain water of about average terrestrial composition. Other samples of water have been analysed and are reported even though the results do not contribute to the main problem. The results do not differ in any important way from others reported in the literature.
Movement of mirex from sediment and uptake by the hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus.

Mirex contaminated sediments of the static test retained virtually all of the insecticide over a 4 week period. About 40% of the initial concentration was lost from the sediment under constant flow conditions. Mirex in water was directly related to levels of mirex in sediment. Mirex in water reached an equilibrium during the first week and declined over the following 3 weeks. Uptake of mirex by tissues showed a dose dependent relationship. Accumulation of the insecticide increased over time and did not appear to reach an equilibrium. Residues in the muscle of fish increased significantly with time (p<.01) and test concentration (p<.01). Mirex in the liver of fish increased significantly with time (p<.05) of the flow-through test. Declining levels of mirex in water indicated mirex was absorbed from the water by the fish. Considerably more mirex, however, was gained by the fish than was lost from the water. Thus the fish probably absorbed a significant amount of mirex from the sediments.
Non-abelian bosonization without Wess-Zumino terms. I. New current algebra

Abstract It is conjectured that the non-linear sigma-model without Wess-Zumino terms is equivalent as a quantum theory to the non-abelian massless Thirring model. However, the standard (Sugawara) current algebra of the non-linear model is not isomorphic to that of the fermionic theory. A new current algebra formalism is proposed, which depends on a parameter k. As k→∞ it reduces to the Sugawara formalism. The new current algebra is isomorphic to the fermionic one, being the direct sum of two Kac-Moody algebras with opposite central terms. In the quantum theory, k(which is the level number) has to be an integer. The new formalism is shown to preserve Poincare and conformal invariance classically. The new current algebra is derived canonically and a new action principle for the non-linear model is proposed.
Efficacy of Ultra Violet Light for Elimination of Salmonella on Broiler Hatching Eggs

Abstract Germicidal UV light at a wavelength of 254 nm was tested as a means to eliminate inoculated Salmonella from eggshells. Eggs inoculated with 105 cells Salmonella were treated with UV light (600 μW/cm2) for 1 to 10 min. When inoculation was made by a drop of suspension on the eggshell surface, UV light treatment significantly lowered the incidence of positive eggs (P≤.05). However, UV light treatment was less effective against Salmonella when the inoculum was applied to the egg as a submersion dip. Salmonella inoculation placed on the eggshell by a drop of suspension and covered with a fecal smear was not eradicated by the UV light treatment. As few as ten cells of Salmonella in feces was sufficient to result in positive eggs following exposure to UV light (600 μW/cm2). Following a fecal smear inoculation with 100 cells, even UV light intensity as high as 1600 μW/cm2 lead to less than 25% reduction in the percentage of eggs positive for Salmonella. Continuous exposure of eggs to UV light in the incubator did not affect hatchability.
Infrared passive ranging using sea background for accurate sensor registration

Target range can be determined via triangulation with two IR sensors located along a known baseline. Achievable range accuracy depends on the baseline length, camera height, accuracy of relative orientation of cameras, and the accuracy of the angular position of the target. This paper investigates a method for determining the relative azimuth pointing angles of two IR cameras using a novel method in which sea background contrast features are used for registration. The method employs scene matching of sea contrast features with correction for optical distortion of the images and parallax. To evaluate this technique, IR scenes containing a target over the sea were acquired with two focal plane array IR sensors separated by about 30 m, and placed 30 m above sea level. Cross correlation functions were used for camera registration, and target range was calculated. Even with low sea-state conditions and low contrast irradiance, sufficient contrast features existed to generate meaningful cross-correlation functions. A requirement of the method is that the horizon must be accurately located in one of the two image pairs. The paper discusses experimental procedures, errors, data processing, and some results.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A multiresolution algorithm for focal-plane compression

An image compression algorithm suitable for focal plane integration and its hardware implementation are presented. In this approach an image is progressively decomposed into images of lower resolution. The low resolution images are then used as the predictors of the higher resolution images. The prediction residuals are entropy encoded and compressed. This compression approach can provide lossless or lossy compression and the resulting bitstream is a fully embedded code. A switched-capacitor circuit is proposed to implement the required operations. A prototype has been implemented on a 0.5 µm CMOS process. Simulation and measurements results validating the proposed approach are reported.
Hybrid optofluidic integration

Complete integration of microfluidic and optical functions in a single lab-on-chip device is one goal of optofluidics. Here, we demonstrate the hybrid integration of a PDMS-based fluid handling layer with a silicon-based optical detection layer in a single optofluidic system. The optical layer consists of a liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) chip that is capable of single particle detection and interfacing with optical fiber. Integrated devices are reconfigurable and able to sustain high pressures despite the small dimensions of the liquid-core waveguide channels. We show the combination of salient sample preparation capabilities—particle mixing, distribution, and filtering—with single particle fluorescence detection. Specifically, we demonstrate fluorescent labelling of λ-DNA, followed by flow-based single-molecule detection on a single device. This points the way towards amplification-free detection of nucleic acids with low-complexity biological sample preparation on a chip.
Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial Aging and Rejuvenation

Summary Single-celled organisms dividing by binary fission were thought not to age [1–4]. A 2005 study by Stewart et al. [5] reversed the dogma by demonstrating that Escherichia coli were susceptible to aging. A follow-up study by Wang et al. [6] countered those results by demonstrating that E. coli cells trapped in microfluidic devices are able to sustain robust growth without aging. The present study reanalyzed these conflicting data by applying a population genetic model for aging in bacteria [7]. Our reanalysis showed that in E. coli , as predicted by the model, (1) aging and rejuvenation occurred simultaneously in a population; (2) lineages receiving sequentially the maternal old pole converged to a stable attractor state; (3) lineages receiving sequentially the maternal new pole converged to an equivalent but separate attractor state; (4) cells at the old pole attractor had a longer doubling time than ones at the new pole attractor; and (5) the robust growth state identified by Wang et al. corresponds to our predicted attractor for lineages harboring the maternal old pole. Thus, the previous data, rather than opposing each other, together provide strong evidence for bacterial aging.
Cloning and characterization of the yeast chaperonin HSP60 gene.

Abstract The heat-shock protein, HSP60, is abundant in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is required in the assembly of specific proteins. We have cloned the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP60 gene from a λgt11 genomic library using monoclonal antibodies, have obtained its sequence, determined its transcription start point, and shown that it exists as a single copy. The predicted HSP60 contains a mitochondrial target sequence and exhibits striking amino acid sequence similarity to its counterparts in bacteria, plants, and humans. These data indicate a high level of evolutionary conservation and are consistent with the suggestion of evolutionarily conserved function [Hemmingsen et al., Nature 333 (1988), 330–334].
RAPID RATE VENTILATION (RRV) POTENTIALLY REDUCES BAROTRAUMA (BT) SOURCES IN RDS

It has been suggested that RRV with short inspiratory time reduces barotrauma. We have shown that during RRV of a normal lung the peak inspiratory (PIP) and mean airway (Paw) pressures transmitted to the trachea were reduced, however, inadvertent PEEP and alveolar overdistention (AO) were produced. We were concerned that similar phenomena would occur in RDS. Therefore we measured tracheal PIP (PIPT), PEEPT, PawT, functional residual capacity (FRC), PaO2 and PaCO2 in 13 rabbits inoculated with N-nitroso N-methylurethane (which produces alveolar epithelial necrosis, atelectasis and hyaline membranes), paralyzed with Pavulon, intubated with a 3.0 mm ID ET tube and mechanically ventilated (Baby Bird®) at 30, 60 and 90 BPM, with constant inspiration:expiration time of 1:2, constant PIP, and PEEP, and 0.5 FiO2. From 30 to 90, BPM PIPT and PawT decreased significantly from 26±2(SE) to 21±2 and 10.5±0.5 to 9.7±0.5 cm H20 (p<0.01). PEEPT increased from 4.0 to 4.8±0.2 cm H2O but FRC remained unchanged. Although PEEPT increased, this increase was offset by the decrease in PIPT such that Paw decreased. PaO2 increased significantly from 103±11 to 117±11 mm Hg even though PawT decreased. PaCO2 decreased significantly from 43±4 to 24±2 mm Hg even though driving pressures (PIPT-PEEPT) decreased. We conclude that RRV of this RDS model dies not lead to inadvertent PEEP or AO and results in the reduction of several potential sources of BT.