cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of hemagglutinating antibodies with skin sensitivity in penicillin allergy

Abstract Forty-six patients allergic to penicillin by history were tested for skin reactivity to penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL) and benzylpenicillin (BP). Serum from each person was tested for the presence of hemagglutinins (HA) to penicillin-treated erythrocytes. Thirteen had positive HA and PPL reactions. There was little correlation between the strength of the skin reactions and the HA titer. Four other patients who had suffered immediate acute reactions had positive skin-sensitizing antibody to BP, but the PPL skin tests were negative. All 4 had positive HA tests. By HA inhibition studies, the serum agglutinins were found to have greater specificity for the penicilloyl group than for BP, even in the 4 cases with BP skin sensitivity. In 25 cases with negative HA reactions, the skin tests were also negative. Only 4 were positive by one method but not by the other. The correlation between positive serum HA reactions and skin sensitivity to PPL is consistent with the recent finding that "sensitization" of erythrocytes is produced predominantly by penicillenic acid rather than penicillin.
P4-22: Electrostatic focusing of electrons off a large-area reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) field emission source

An electrostatic- focused electron source with an Ar+-ion irradiated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) field-emission cathode is designed and simulated. The electron beam from a 1 mm emissive surface is focused to a 30 µm diameter spot, retaining low energy spread and high brightness, yet high total current, for application to phase-contrast x-ray imaging.
An L-dopa paradox: bipolar behavioral alterations.

: Paradoxical behavioral alterations may occur during L-dopa therapy in parkinsonian patients, particularly those of the geriatric age group. For example, there have been many reports of alleviation of depression with L-dopa, but induction of depression has also been observed. With respect to cognition and perception, there have been many reports of disorientation and paranoid ideation from the toxic effects of L-dopa, but increased alertness and improved intelligence have also been observed. The basic alteration appears to be a non-modality specific increase in physiological and behavioral activation. This, in turn, may lead to opposite kinds of specific (e.g., directional) changes in emotional, cognitive and perceptual functions, depending in part upon the baseline status of the patient. A concept designated as directed-activation is proposed as a partial hypothesis.
Increased life-span of age-1 mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans and lower Gompertz rate of aging

A mutation in the age-1 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to result in a 65 percent increase in mean life-span and a 110 percent increase in maximum life-span at 25 degrees. One of the hallmarks of organismic aging and senescent processes is an exponential acceleration of age-specific mortality rate with chronological age. This exponential acceleration is under genetic control: age-1 mutant hermaphrodites show a 50 percent slower rate of acceleration of mortality with chronological age than wild-type strains. Mutant males also show a lengthening of life and a slowing of the rate of acceleration of mortality, although age-1 mutant males still have significantly shorter life-spans than do hermaphrodites of the same genotype. The slower rates of acceleration of mortality are recessive characteristics of the age-1 mutant alleles examined.
Quantitative Investigations of Acidity, and Transient Acidity, in Zeolites and Molecular Sieves†

To demonstrate that transient acidity exists in certain solid acid catalysts, a convenient and robust 1H solid-state NMR spin-counting method is introduced for the accurate quantification of Bronsted acid sites in zeolites and molecular sieves. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is used as an inert and easily handled spin-counting standard, allowing internal calibration of MAS NMR peaks arising from both acidic and nonacidic hydrogens in the catalyst. Results from example systems including H-ZSM5, H-ferrierite (H-FER), and SAPO-34 are presented, and the relevance of these measurements to zeolite synthesis conditions, postsynthetic treatments, and reaction mechanisms are discussed. Using this technique, we show the first direct spectroscopic proof that framework Bronsted acidity in SAPO-34 molecular sieves decreases with time following removal of the synthesis template molecules. This effect is similar to hydrothermally catalyzed dealumination in traditional zeolites, except that it occurs at ambient temperature and m...
Puzzles: The Arbitrage Mirage, Wait Watchers, and More

This feature begins with three puzzles motivated by the paradox of the "greener envelope," which was described in detail in the Winter 1989 issue. The variants are much simpler and at least one has the flavor of a barroom trick. (I take no responsibility if you are caught.) Answers can be found at the end of the problems. Following these exchange paradoxes are two longer puzzles, also with answers provided at the end. The longer puzzles focus on externality problems: how to design social conventions and toll systems to minimize inefficient waiting in line. The column ends with reader mail, including comments on the welfare optimality of the competitive equilibrium, the pricing policy of the Ocean Club restaurant, Pareto improvements for the U.S. economy, and hints for scoring squash. Our first T-shirt awards-which are given for the best new puzzles and most innovative answersgo to Morton Davis, Andy Postlewaite, Richard Zeckhauser and Joe Farrell. Well done. For the rest of you, please send your answers, comments, favorite puzzles and T-shirt size to me directly: Barry Nalebuff, "Puzzles," Yale School of Organization and Management, Box 1A, New Haven, CT 06520.
Creating the Urban Village: Teaching Pre-Service Teachers about Sustainable Design in Architecture and Community Planning.

Sustainable design is a philosophy adopted by people concerned with the health of society and the natural environment. The practice of sustainable design works toward the improvement of the quality of the built environment, while reducing or eradicating the negative impact on the natural environment (McLennan 2004). It is a philosophical approach that may be used in designing any type of built structure, to include architecture, public art, products and community planning. This article will describe concepts that may be addressed in art education about sustainable design to develop an environmental awareness through artistic activities. An approach to teaching sustainable design is explained with an example of a multi-faceted project taught in a pre-service secondary methods course of prospective art teachers.
A practitioner's guide to data base compression tutorial

Abstract Data compression techniques can improve information system performance by reducing the size of a database by as much as ninety percent. This paper is written to provide assistance to practitioners considering the use of data compression for the storage of a commercial database. It reviews a wealth of literature on data compression and presents facts and guidelines which will assist system designers in evaluating the costs and benefits of compression and in selecting techniques appropriate for their needs.
On the Range of Possible Integrities of Graphs G ( n , k )

We discuss the range of values for the integrity of a graphs G(n, k) where G(n, k) denotes a simple graph with n vertices and k edges. Let I max(n, k) and I min(n, k) be the maximal and minimal value for the integrity of all possible G(n, k) graphs and let the difference be D(n, k) = I max(n, k) − I min(n, k). In this paper we give some exact values and several lower bounds of D(n, k) for various values of n and k. For some special values of n and for s < n 1/4 we construct examples of graphs G n = G n (n, n + s) with a maximal integrity of I(G n ) = I(C n ) + s where C n is the cycle with n vertices. We show that for k = n 2/6 the value of D(n, n 2/6) is at least $${\frac{\sqrt{6}-1}{3}n}$$ for large n.
Online social networking in discussions of risk: applying the CAUSE model in a content analysis of Facebook

This article examines a drug manufacturer's dissemination of an over-the-counter medication voluntary recall message through its online social network. Using the CAUSE model as a theoretical framework, we extended the application of media content analysis to investigate social media presentation of risk. Researchers used a deductive coding scheme to analyse messages posted on the manufacturer's Facebook page for 10 days from the announcement of the recall. Consumers interacted with one another and with the corporation as they sought information and support through the recall discussion on Facebook. The drug manufacturer addressed all five communication challenges outlined by CAUSE in its recall communication, while consumers used the social network to seek and to share information both positively and negatively with regard to the recall and the potential risk. The analysis presented in this study highlights the importance of providing steps that are simple and clear in a product recall, and of supporting ...
Mortgage Default Risks and the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake

The paper is based on a study of mortgage default risks associated with natural disasters. These risks are faced by holders of mortgages when forced by default to acquire damaged properties. A sample of residential mortgage properties damaged in the 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake is studied. Some of the mortgagors defaulted while others did not. The paper identifies and analyzes those variables associated with default using discriminant and probit regression analysis. The study concentrates on earthquake exposures in California, but has implications for all major disasters.
The Effect of Nitrogen Content on the Oxidation of Fuel Bound Nitrogen in a Transition Metal Oxide Catalytic Combustor

Abstract The oxidation of fuel containing varying amounts of nitrogen has been studied i n a catalytic combustor under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions. The catalytic combustor employed a binary mixture of chromium and cobalt oxides deposited on high surface area alumina pellets (5.63 percent Cr2O3, 1.87 percent Co3O4, balance alumina). Propane doped with difirent amounts of ammonia (1, 2 or 4 percent by weight) was burned in an oxygen-argon mixture to eliminate from the results any contribution by atmospheric nitrogen to NOx. The experiments were conducted over a wide range of inlet conditions measuring the exit concentrations of the dominant fixed nitrogen species (NOx, NH3 and HCN) as well as of the other major species (02, CO2, H2O, C2H3). These results confirmed that the NOx, trends observed in earlier preliminary measurements apply over the entire range of nitrogen normally found in coal-derived and natural liquid fuels. Under fuel-lean operation, the sole product of fuel-nitrogen conversion ...
Single scale wavelet approximations in layout optimization

The standard structural layout optimization problem in 2D elasticity is solved using a wavelet based discretization of the displacement field and of the spatial distribution of material. A fictitious domain approach is used to embed the original design domain within a simpler domain of regular geometry. A Galerkin method is used to derive discretized equations, which are solved iteratively using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. A special preconditioner is derived for this purpose. The method is shown to converge at rates that are essentially independent of discretization size, an advantage over standard finite element methods, whose convergence rate decays as the mesh is refined. This new approach may replace finite element methods in very large scale problems, where a very fine resolution of the shape is needed. The derivation and examples focus on 2D-problems but extensions to 3D should involve only few changes in the essential features of the procedure.
Candidate behavior under mixed motives

This paper presents a spatial election model in which candidates have mixed motives: They care both about winning and about the content of their platforms. The predictions of the model are broadly consistent with what we observe empirically: some elections with convergent candidate positions, and some with divergent positions; the prevalence of elections in which the expected vote shares are not equal; candidates' positions reacting in part to those of their opponents; and candidates seeking a balance between what they believe and what they need to advocate to get elected.
Determination of cytosolic ADP and AMP concentrations and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis in human muscle and brain tissues with 31P NMR spectroscopy

Based on experimentally determined concentrations of PCr, Pi, ATP, and H+, the ADP and AMP concentrations and the free energy for the ATP hydrolysis in normal human brain and muscle were calculated assuming that the creatine kinase- and the myokinase-catalyzed reactions were in equilibrium, accounting for changes in pH and free Mg2+ ion concentration.
Simulating stable stochastic systems, V: Comparison of ratio estimators

The regenerative method for estimating parameters in a simulation requires the simulator to estimate the ratio of two means. Five point estimates and four confidence intervals for this ratio have been computed for three stochastic simulations. The jackknife method appears to be the most promising for both point and interval estimation.
Strategies for managing perioperative hypertension

Acute perioperative hypertension is associated with a higher risk of perioperative myocardial ischemia, bleeding, stroke, and renal failure. The immediate concern of short-term antihypertensive therapy is to prevent excessive surgical bleeding from arterial anastomoses, myocardial ischemia, and neurologic complications while causing minimal adverse effects until oral therapy can be resumed. This article reviews perioperative hypertension emergencies/urgencies and various approaches for management.
Combinatorial Complexity of Convex Sequences

We show that the equation \[ s_{i_1}+s_{i_2}+\cdots+s_{i_d}=s_{i_{d+1}}+\cdots+s_{i_{2d}} \] has $O(N^{2d-2+2^{-d+1}})$ solutions for any strictly convex sequence $\{s_i\}_{i=1}^N$ without any additional arithmetic assumptions. The proof is based on weighted incidence theory and an inductive procedure which allows us to deal with higher-dimensional interactions effectively. The terminology "combinatorial complexity" is borrowed from [CES+] where much of our higher-dimensional incidence theoretic motivation comes from.
Representation Of Bipolar And Complex Data In The PRIMO Optical Matrix Multiplier

Representation of Bipolar and Complex DataIn the PRIMO Optical Matrix MultiplierY. Owechko, E. Marom, J. Grinberg, and B. H. SofferHughes Research LaboratoriesMalibu, California 90265AbstractThe PRIMO optical processor is an analog outer product processor based on 1 -D arrays ofelectrooptic modulators. PRIMO is capable of performing matrix -matrix multiplication,convolution, correlation, and other linear computational algorithms. In this paper wediscuss techniques for representing bipolar and complex data in PRIMO using square lawdetectors. It is shown that by utilizing a bias and properly sequencing the data thesquare law detection nonlinearity can be fully compensated.Introduction and description of PRIMOThe solution to many important linear problems such as singular value decomposition,Fourier transformation, ambiguity function generation, adaptive array problems, etc. can becast as a series of matrix -vector or matrix -matrix multiplications. Optical processorshave great potential for such problems because of their high degree of parallelism andinterconnection. Various architectures which utilize 2 -D spatial light modulators (SLMs)1or 1 -D acousto -optic Bragg cells2 have been proposed for matrix -matrix or matrix -vectormultiplication. Architectures which utilize 2 -D SLMs are attractive because of the highpotential degree of parallelism. The principal obstacle to implementation of such systemsat this time is the lack of a suitable commercially available high speed, high resolution,and uniform 2 -D SLM. In response to the present research status of high performance 2 -DSLMs, architectures which are built on the more mature technology of 1 -D Bragg cells havebeen developed. Bragg cells have had a successful history in optical signal processing asreal- time correlators and spectrum analyzers3 and have many positive attributes for use inmatrix multiplication. They also, however, have some disadvantages such as close toler-ances for alignment in multicell systems and the need for coherent illumination.
Strain Energy Release Rate Characterization of Structural Adhesive Bonds to Primer Electrodeposited on Steel

The present study provides a qualitative examination of debond behavior at primed and unprimed bonded surfaces by applying finite element analyses to compute opening (Mode I) and shear (Mode II) components of the strain energy release rate for small debond lengths at selected locations through the bondline thickness of the SLS joint
Magnetometry in Ultrathin Films using Spin Polarized Cascade Electrons

In this review, we show how spin polarized cascade electron spectroscopy provides a relatively rapid and flexible approach to the study of a variety of problems of current interest in both ultrathin magnetic films and surface magnetism. Specific examples relating to the non-bulk like magnetization behavior as a function of temperature of ultrathin films are given which lead to the conclusion that stabilization of the magnetization at low temperature is a universal characteristic of ultrathin magnetic films. Comparison between ultrathin film and surface magnetic behavior is made. Evidence is given that the weakening of exchange coupling both at the surface of a bulk sample and across magnetic spacer layers between an ultrathin magnetic thin film and a bulk sample can be evaluated and dramatic effects due to minute quantities of non-magnetic nearest neighbors are demonstrated.
A Study of Factors Affecting Growth and Recovery of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A

The growth parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Scott A at various temperatures, pH values, water activity values, and in different carbohydrates were assessed. Growth was seen from 4°C through 45°C and at pH values from 4.7 through 9.2. Generation times were calculated for each parameter at which growth was observed. Optimum growth was defined as shortest generation time. L. monocytogenes grew optimally over the temperature range 30–37°C. The optimum pH was 7.0. Growth was demonstrated in solutions of up to 39.4% sucrose (aw of 0.92). Carbohydrate fermentation was variable. Further studies involved examination of growth at optimal water activities (0.97) with suboptimal temperatures and pH values, and at 7.0, with suboptimal temperatures and water activities. Growth was seen when these parameters were combined.
Increased susceptibility to pentobarbital following mouse cytomegalovirus infection: relative roles of viral-induced interferon and viral infection of the liver.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative roles of viral-induced interferon (IFN) and viral infection of the liver in mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced depression of cytochrome P-450 (cyt P-450) levels and enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time (PEN-ST). This was done by establishing the temporal relationship among the IFN response, viral infection of the liver, suppression of cyt P-450 levels, and enhancement of PEN-ST, by determining the effect of anti-IFN antibody treatment on all of these responses, and by manipulating factors known to influence viral pathogenesis and host response to virus such as animal age, virulence of the virus, and dose of virus. In general, manipulation of these factors toward increased stimulation of host immune responses resulted in greater depression of cyt P-450. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that some IFN-dependent mechanism may have contributed to the effects of MCMV infection on both cyt P-450 levels and PEN-ST; however, the temporal relationship among the various responses measured following viral infection suggested that the effect of the IFN response may be indirect and due to modulation of other host defense mechanisms. Use of anti-IFN antisera to definitively establish a role for IFN in the effects observed here proved unsuccessful. Effects on PEN-ST and cyt P-450 levels did not appear to be related to the magnitude of infection in the liver. Because suppression of cyt P-450 levels and enhancement of PEN-ST were not always parallel, it is possible that the enhanced sensitivity to pentobarbital observed in infected mice was the cumulative result of effects on cyt P-450 as well as other components involved in the distribution and metabolism of the drug.
Phonological Awareness Instructional and Assessment Guidelines

This article defines phonological awareness and discusses historic and contemporary research findings regarding its relation to early reading. Common misconceptions about phonological awareness are...
Spatial frequency characteristics of vessel geometry and densitometry in coronary arteriograms

The vessel geometry and densitometry in single-view coronary angiograms are analyzed with an emphasis on the local features and how they vary along a vessel segment. With the aid of a tracking algorithm the two-dimensional contour of a vessel segment is represented by one-dimensional functions, in terms of lumen width, direction, and intensity along the vessel centerline. A quantitative validation of this contour representation approach is established by using the computer-generated imagery. The spatial frequency responses of the vessel contour functions are characterized for human coronary cineangiograms and for digital subtraction angiograms. The lumen width functions have 90% of the signal energy concentrating below a spatial cutoff frequency of 2.5 to 3.7 per average lumen width. The application of the contour representation to vessel image compression is demonstrated. The result of this study provides a guideline for spatial filtering of the coronary arteriograms. The methodology should also be useful in analyzing coronary arterial abnormalities and tortuosity.
Transfer-function-matrix realization in multivariable systems

This paper considers the realisation of a multivariable system Transfer Function Matrix (TFM) using a new systematic approach to the closed-loop pole-zero assignment. It is shown that complete cont...
Does the Immune System See Tumors as Foreign or Self

Given the vast number of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with carcinogenesis, it is clear that tumors express many neoantigens. A central question in cancer immunology is whether recognition of tumor antigens by the immune system leads to activation (i.e., surveillance) or tolerance. Paradoxically, while strong evidence exists that specific immune surveillance systems operate at early stages of tumorigenesis, established tumors primarily induce immune tolerance. A unifying hypothesis posits that the fundamental processes of cancer progression, namely tissue invasion and metastasis, are inherently proinflammatory and thus activating for innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. To elude immune surveillance, tumors must develop mechanisms that block the elaboration and sensing of proinflammatory danger signals, thereby shifting the balance from activation to tolerance induction. Elucidation of these mechanisms provides new strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
A ∑Δ based DC-DC converter with supply noise suppression

An architecture that reduces the effects of supply noise on the regulated output of a DC-DC converter has been proposed. The structure consists of a sigma-delta modulator which drives the half bridge switches directly. The output of the quantizer is taken as the feedback for the sigma-delta as usual, but this feedback signal goes to a one-bit digital-to- analog converter that uses the noisy voltage supply as a reference to suppress the supply noise at the output. The proposed structure, designed and simulated using a 2.5V TSMC 0.25u process, shows supply ripple suppression.
Sex during pregnancy: A symbolic interactionist analysis

Abstract Based on conjoint interviews with 16 couples expecting their first child, this paper examines the reasons used by husbands and wives to explain changes in sexual behavior during pregnancy. A qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts resulted in the identification of four types of explanations: biographical/sociocultural excuses (40% of the reasons given by husbands and wives), appeals to priorities (28%), physiological/anatomical excuses (22%), and appeals to self‐fulfillment (10%). This distribution conflicts with previous research which has emphasized physiological/anatomical reasons. This is also the first study to compare husbands' and wives' reasons for changes in prenatal sexuality; the wives generally volunteered more reasons than the husbands. The principal conceptual tool used in the analysis is the symbolic interactionist contention that reasons or motives are basically “aligning actions” which orient people toward each other and which integrate deviant conduct with the existing...
Teaching Teachers to Use Prompts, Opportunities to Respond, and Specific Praise

Classroom management skills are critical for teachers. Yet teachers receive little training in classroom management, and empirical research on teacher training in classroom management is lacking. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explicit training and performance feedback on teachers’ implementation of three classroom management skills: prompts for social behavior, academic opportunities to respond, and specific praise. Researchers used a multiple baseline design, introducing training and then performance feedback in a staggered fashion across the three teacher behaviors. Results indicate that there was not a functional relationship between explicit training and teacher behavior; however, introducing performance feedback following training was functionally related to an increase in the level, trend, or stability of teachers’ use of each skill.
A Phenome-wide Examination Uncovers the Comorbidity Burden in Severe Multiple Sclerosis (P1.118)

OBJECTIVE: To identify heretofore under-recognized comorbidities in severe MS using a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach. BACKGROUND: Comorbid conditions impact patient outcome and management in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Merging electronic health record (EHR) data from two large academic centers with a clinic-based registry, we report an integrated analysis of EHR-derived International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 codes with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) measures for 4118 adult-onset MS patients. Multiple sclerosis severity score (MSSS) was calculated for each subject using the median EDSS from the last three clinic visits. Each ICD-9 code is mapped to one of the 1,590 phenotypes using a curated PheWAS ontology with case defined as >=3 counts of a given code. Logistic regression was performed for MSSS association with each phenotype (threshold>=60 cases), controlling for sex, race, smoking, age at symptom onset, disease duration, years of ICD-9 data, progressive onset, and primary care physician. RESULTS: After Bonferroni correction, this PheWAS identified 51 unique phenotypes significantly associated with increasing MSSS in this cohort. Odds ratio is per unit increase of MSSS. Consistent with expected disabilities, the strongest associations with MSSS are genitourinary phenotypes, which are the best represented (e.g., functional disorders of bladder: p=2.35x10 -52 , OR=1.42, 508 cases). Other expected positive correlation with severe MS include musculoskeletal (e.g., spasm, osteoporosis), dermatologic (e.g., skin ulcer), psychiatric (e.g., depression and mood disorder) and fatigue. We found less appreciated comorbidities that are positively correlated with MSSS, particularly cardiovascular (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia: p=3.3x10 -8 , OR=1.23, 135 cases), endocrine (e.g., type 2 diabetes: p=8.6x10 -6 , OR=1.20, 109 cases) and metabolic disorders (e.g., disorders of fluids, electrolyte, and acid-base balance: p=3.1x10 -8 , OR=1.24, 131 cases). Interestingly, benign neoplasm of skin is negatively correlated with MSSS (p=9.9x10 -6 , OR=0.89, 314 cases). CONCLUSIONS: The phenome-wide computational approach highlights clinically relevant comorbidities to monitor and investigate in patients with severe MS. Disclosure: Dr. Xia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Healy has received research support from Merck Serono. Dr. Chitnis has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec and Alexion. Dr. Chitnis has received research support from Merck Serono and Novartis. Dr. De Jager has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience and Biogen Idec. Dr. De Jager has received research support from Biogen Idec and Sanofi/Genzyme. Dr. Weiner has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Novartis, EMD Serono, and Teva Neuroscience.
Atypical event and typical pattern detection within complex systems

Algorithms have been developed to find typical patterns and atypical events within complex data systems. A software package called The Morning Report was developed in which these algorithms were applied to digital flight data for commercial airlines. These systems contain many sets of data with hundreds of variables being measured over time, generally resulting in many gigabytes of data to be analyzed. Using statistical and mathematically based algorithms this software identifies atypical flights as well as which flight parameters and which flight phases are atypical. These algorithms also cluster the flights into a finite number of distinct patterns. This clustering allows the flight analyst to focus on atypical flights as well as the typical flight patterns discovered, removing the need to explore each flight separately. The Morning Report software was designed to run each night, producing a report in the morning. This report identifies the characteristics of only the newly added flights, but it uses data from previous flights to help establish the baseline. The report consists of interactive analysis tools that allow for plotting of significant flight parameters for each atypical flight as compared to the typical flights, as well as plots that contrast a flight pattern of interest to any other flight pattern or to all patterns combined
R Plasmids in Pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae from Calves

Pressure for selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria is greater in intensive calf raising than in any other livestock raising operation. The newborn calf is particularly vulnerable to enteric infections because it is often colostrum deprived, transported long distances without food, mixed with calves from other sources and therefore simultaneously stressed and exposed to a variety of pathogenic strains to which it may have no immunity. The crowded nature of the intensive rearing environment further facilitates spread of infection and favors accelerated feco-oral transfer of enteric pathogens in the group.
Binge-eating and vomiting: a survey of a college population

A survey of 355 college students was carried out to determine the prevalence of the psychiatric disorder bulimia (the binge-eating syndrome). Results of the survey indicate that, within the normal college population, 13% experienced all of the major symptoms of bulimia as outlined in the DSM-III. Within the bulimia population, 87% were females (19% of the female population) and 13% were males (5% of the male population). Although self-induced vomiting may accompany other symptoms of bulimia, the result suggest that self-induced vomiting is not a necessary symptom for diagnosis. A significant relationship between laxative use and self-induced vomiting was detected. These forms of behaviour, termed purging behaviour, occurred in an average of 10% of the students. Individuals who experienced the symptoms of bulimia had a history of being overweight or tended to be in the upper portion of their normal weight range (age, sex, and weight corrected) when compared with those individuals who had not experienced the symptoms of bulimia. No significant weight history differences were detected between vomiters and non-vomiters.
Science, medicine, and the future: Substance use disorders

Consumption of alcohol and other intoxicating drugs has serious public health implications relevant to a wide range of people. Recent decades have seen large advances in the understanding of substance intoxication and subsequent problems. The progress was made possible, in part, by developments in the definition and identification of the relevant phenotypes. The American and World Health Organisation diagnostic systems have been made more precise, resulting in more agreement on the definition of dependence.1 2 Researchers have also recognised the need to identify and study separately subgroups of dependent people with psychiatric and behavioural syndromes that occurred outside and within the context of their substance use disorder.1 3 This article focuses on the recent developments that have improved our understanding of genetic factors that contribute to the risk for alcoholism and our knowledge of the cellular actions of some drugs of abuse and on discoveries that are likely to have direct effects on future clinical management of our patients. The process of development and perpetuation of dependence on a substance is highly complex.1 4 The original social, behavioural, and biological factors that contributed to the repeated consumption of high levels of these substances set the stage for the development of further problems. Subsequently, additional social factors (for example, attitudes towards substance consumption and intoxication) combine with additional biological factors (such as acute or protracted withdrawal syndromes) to contribute to the perpetuation of the dependence (fig 1). Recent animal and human studies have focused on potential genetic contributors to various characteristics that might increase or decrease the risk of alcoholism. These include the isoenzyme patterns of the main enzymes that metabolise alcohol (alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases), as well as the organism's reaction to the drug.3 4 Fig 1 Factors that may affect development of alcohol dependence #### Possible future developments
DOING MOTHERING BEHIND BARS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INCARCERATED MOTHERS

A qualitative study was performed involving 109 mothers in a minimum-security prison. The purpose of this study was to explore how mothers in prison define the word “mother” and how they fulfill th...
The patient's experience of being interviewed by first-year medical students

To understand hospitalized patients' experiences of being interviewed by first-year medical students learning to take a medical history we used qualitative research methods and interviewed participating patients.All of the interviewed patients expressed satisfaction with the medical student interviews and they expressed two major reasons for being satisfied. First, all of the patients had favorable impressions of the students.The students were described using phrases such as "very nice", "interested", "respectful", and "professional". Second, most of the patients expressed a belief in the importance of teaching followed by phrases such as "So, I was glad to help", and ".. so I had no problem talking to him" and "I felt special". In summary, these hospitalized patients were satisfied with first-year medical student interviews, and they mentioned two reasons for being satisfied. The patients had favorable impressions of the first-year students and they expressed a belief in the importance of teaching.
The interaction of bladder-filling behavior and ureteral function

Summary. The interrelationship between bladder-filling behavior and ureteral delivery of urine into the bladder was studied in myelodysplastic children, in a primate neurogenic bladder-dysfunction model, and in a feline obstructive-uropathy model. All of these studies confirm the observation that intravesical pressure is the most important obstacle to ureteral delivery of urine into the bladder. Our concepts of ureteral function may need some revision. The findings in the obstructive feline model suggest that we should measure ureteral delivery of urine into the bladder in relation to intravesical pressure since this method may define ureteral reserve "power" better than either perfusion studies or dynamic renal scans. The observation that ureteral function can be impaired by obstructive uropathy and various neurogenic conditions is not new, but exactly how this occurs is, surprisingly, not very well established. Clearly, not all patients with obstructive uropathy or neurogenic conditions develop ureteral dysfunction. However, radiography studies show that many patients with neurogenic conditions and some with obstructive uropathy do develop upper tract dysfunction if they are not treated. Treatment generally consists of efforts to improve bladder emptying by cutting the sphincter or part of the sphincter, by removing the prostate, or by using intermittent catheterization or constant drainage of the bladder by tubes, vesicostomy, or supravesical diversion. At least in the short term, these treatments can result in radiographic evidence of improvement in ureteral function, in that the ureters return to normal or become less dilated. Ureteral function in these conditions could be impaired because the obstructed or neurogenically impaired bladder develops "hypertrophy" and undergoes thickening and collagen deposition, which have a local compressive effect on the ureter combined with a kind of "tonic" effect related to activity in the bladder musculature. This process could interfere with the ability of the ureter to deliver urine into the bladder and with the valvular mechanism that prevents reflux at the ureteral terminus [2]. These changes could interfere with the antibacterial defense mechanism of the upper urinary tract, leading to problems with ureteral and renal function. Alternatively, the physical changes observed in the neurogenic or obstructive bladder that involve trabeculation and thickening of the bladder wall could be associated with increased intravesical pressure, which might result in ureteral dilation and vesicoureteral reflux, and could conceivably be the trigger mechanism for the observed morphological changes in the bladder itself [1].
Therapeutic hypothermia is associated with improved neurologic outcome and survival in cardiac arrest survivors of non-shockable rhythms

Abstract Background Therapeutic hypothermia improves neurologic outcomes in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. However, its role in patients with cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythms (pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole) is unclear. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia favorably impacts neurologic outcome and survival in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythms. Methods Retrospectively collected data on consecutive adult patients admitted to Hartford Hospital from 1/1/2004 to 11/1/2010 who survived a cardiac arrest due to PEA or asystole were analyzed. Patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (1/1/2007–11/1/2010) formed the hypothermia group while patients admitted prior to the institution of therapeutic hypothermia (1/1/2004–1/1/2007) at Hartford Hospital formed the control group. The primary end-point was measured using the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) scale and patients were assessed for a good (CPC 1 and 2) or poor (CPC 3–5) neurological outcome prior to discharge from hospital. A secondary end-point was measured as survival at discharge from hospital. Results Of 100 post-cardiac arrest patients included in the study, 15/52 (29%) patients in the hypothermia group had a good neurologic outcome as compared to 5/43 (10%) patients in the control group ( P = 0.021). On multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for good neurologic outcome and survival at discharge from the hospital with therapeutic hypothermia as compared to control were 4.35 (95% CI 1.10–17.24, P = 0.04) and 5.65 (CI 1.66–19.23, P = 0.006) respectively. Conclusion Therapeutic hypothermia is associated with favorable neurologic outcome and survival in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythms.
Pulsewidth Dependence of Various Bulk Phase Transitions and Morphological Changes of Crystalline Silicon Irradiated by 1 Micron Picosecond Pulses

We report the first pulsewidth study of the various bulk phase transitions of crystalline silicon (c-Si) induced by ultrashort pulses of λ= 1 μm laser radiation from 4–260 ps in duration. In particular, we find a continuous reductign in the single shot melting threshold, ETH, for c-Si from 2.7 ±0.3 J/cm for 225 ps pulses to 0.6 ±0.1 J/cm4 for 6 ps pulses. Although pulses longer than 30 ps induce bulk melting followed by recrystallization, pulses of 10 ps duration or less actually produce an amurphized layer on the c-Si, contrary to published expectations [1]. We also find that where a phase change occurs, periodic ripple patterns are formed even for pulses as short as 4 ps. This reduces the proposed minimum irradiation time of 20 ps [2] required to form these structures on c-Si.
FLOOD FLOWS, LEAF BREAKDOWN, AND PLANT-AVAILABLE NITROGEN ON A DRYLAND RIVER FLOODPLAIN

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that decomposition in flood-inundated patches of riparian tree leaf litter results in higher plant-available nitrogen in underlying, nutrient-poor alluvium. We used leafpacks (n = 56) containing cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) leaf litter to mimic natural accumulations of leaves in an experiment conducted on the Yampa River floodplain in semi-arid northwestern Colorado, USA. One-half of the leafpacks were set on the sandy alluvial surface, and one-half were buried 5 cm below the surface. The presence of NO3− and NH4+ presumed to result from a leafpack's submergence during the predictable spring flood pulse was assessed using an ion-exchange resin bag (IER) placed beneath each leafpack and at control locations. Leafpacks and IERs were collected one week after flood peak (71 days total exposure) at half the stations; the remainder were collected three weeks later (93 days exposure). A multi-peaked spring flood with above-average maximum discharge inundated le...
Self-regulation factors in cocaine dependence--a clinical perspective.

Individuals prone to substance dependence suffer because they cannot regulate their emotions, self-esteem, and relationships. Furthermore, they suffer with deficits in self-care in which they fail to anticipate harm and danger, including those associated with substance use. Deficiencies in regulating emotions and self-care malignantly combine to make drug experimentation and dependence more likely and compelling.
Water Evaporation on Highly Viscoelastic Polymer Surfaces

Results are reported for a study on the evaporation of water droplets from a highly viscoelastic acrylic polymer surface. These are contrasted with those collected for the same measurements carried out on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). For PDMS, the evaporation process involves the expected multistep process including constant drop area, constant contact angle, and finally a combination of these steps until the liquid is gone. In contrast, water evaporation from the acrylic polymer shows a constant drop area mode throughout. Furthermore, during the evaporation process, the drop area actually expands on the acrylic polymer. The single mode evaporation process is consistent with formation of wetting structures, which cannot be propagated by the capillary forces. Expansion of the drop area is attributed to the influence of the drop capillary pressure. Furthermore, the rate of drop area expansion is shown to be dependent on the thickness of the polymer film.
Nutritional Factors Affecting Growth of Rats on Diets Containing Sodium Benzoate.

In a recent report1 it was shown that survival and growth of young rats on diets containing sodium benzoate were possible only if the diets furnished the nutrient materials necessary for growth and especially a supply of glycine, or of a precursor, adequate for the detoxication of the benzoate and for the formation of new tissue proteins. In connection with these experiments, it was noted that certain toxic benzoate diets were less toxic if the rats were kept in cages resting on shavings rather than in raised cages.2 This fact suggested that glycine or some other dietary factor was obtained by the rats from the excreta or from the shavings. In these experiments the basal diet was supplemented daily with 150 mg. of dried brewer's yeast. Subsequent work showed that this quantity of yeast did not supply the optimum concentration of the vitamin B complex and also demonstrated that the ingestion of the excreta or shavings furnished the needed vitamins rather than glycine.In the experiments reported in this pap...
Characterization of Ferroelectric Thin Film PLZT(9/65/35) on R-Plane Sapphire

The deposition of ferroelectric PLZT on r-plane sapphire using R-F Triode Magnetron Sputtering is reported. R-plane (1102) sapphire is chosen, in spite of its large lattice mismatch to PLZT, because of its capability of integrating MOS silicon circuits with PLZT modulators. Perovskite PLZT films with the desired composition (9/65/35) are obtained using co-deposition techniques around 5000C and post deposition annealing at 650°C. The deposited films exhibit good optical and electro-optical properties. The room temperature dielectric constant of the films was 1800 at 10 Khz. The refractive index of the films was in the range 2.2–2.5. The films showed a quadratic E-O effect with R=0.6xl0‒16 m2/V2. The films are promising for smart Spatial Light Modulators (SLM) applications.
TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY IN ASSOCIATION WITH DKA IN A BLIND PUMP PATIENT

ABSTRACT Objective: This is a case report and literature review of an unusual case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a blind patient complicated by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Methods: Chart review and literature review. Results: A 70-year-old blind woman with long-standing type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump was found to be in DKA. The most likely etiology of the DKA was that the patient filled her pump reservoir with air as there was no evidence of an insulin occlusion or kink in the tubing. An echocardiogram performed 4 days after admission showed a left ventricle of normal size with a large apical aneurysm typical of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. A repeat echocardiogram taken 18 days after admission showed a left ventricle of normal size with no aneurysm. Conclusion: This is the third adult case and the oldest patient reported with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following DKA. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy needs to be considered for any patient presenting with heart failure after treatment of DKA. Blind pump patient...
PL/SQL in the application of the shortest path to solve problem

A typical question is the question of shortest path and smallest value.The text introduced a method which based on the Oracle table,the view and the procedure.It makes solving——more easier and doesn't need many codes.
Strengthen the Cooperation between College and Enterprise,Improve Practical Teaching Quality of Applied Chemistry Specialty

Practice out of the faculty was an important practical teaching process for college students training.The cooperation between college and enterprise can improve the practical teaching and cultivate the innovative talents.The ideology and basic principle of the cooperation between college and enterprise were introduced.The operating mechanism and the methods of reforming practicing teaching and improving teaching quality were expatiated.