cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling material responses by arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation and adaptive mesh refinement method

In this paper we report an efficient numerical method combining a staggered arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation with the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method for materials modeling including elastic-plastic flows, material failure, and fragmentation predictions. Unlike traditional AMR applied on fixed domains, our investigation focuses on the application to moving and deforming meshes resulting from Lagrangian motion. We give details of this numerical method with a capability to simulate elastic-plastic flows and predict material failure and fragmentation, and our main focus of this paper is to create an efficient method which combines ALE and AMR methods to simulate the dynamics of material responses with deformation and failure mechanisms. The interlevel operators and boundary conditions for these problems in AMR meshes have been investigated, and error indicators to locate material deformation and failure regions are studied. The method has been applied on several test problems, and the solutions of the problems obtained with the ALE-AMR method are reported. Parallel performance and software design for the ALE-AMR method are also discussed.
{Information-Theoretic Characterization of Sparse Recovery}

We formulate sparse support recovery as a salient set identication problem and use information-theoretic analyses to characterize the recovery performance and sample complexity. We consider a very general framework where we are not restricted to linear models or specic distributions. We state non-asymptotic bounds on recovery probability and a tight mutual information formula for sample complexity. We evaluate our bounds for applications such as sparse linear regression and explicitly characterize eects of correlation or noisy features on recovery performance. We show improvements upon previous work and identify gaps between the performance of recovery algorithms and fundamental information. This illustrates a trade-o between computational complexity and sample complexity, contrasting the recovery of the support as a discrete object with signal estimation approaches.
Predictors of smoking relapse in women with cardiovascular disease in a 30-month study: extended analysis.

Purpose To identify predictors of long-term cessation after intervention for woman hospitalized with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods A randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a 30-month follow-up was conducted, recruiting 277 woman smokers with CVD from 10 hospitals. The intervention consisted of inpatient and outpatient counseling on smoking cessation and pharmacological protocol. Psychophysiological factors and time since quitting associated with relapse in the literature were assessed in our prediction model. Results The nine independent variables for smoking relapse included time since quitting, group assignment, the interaction between time and group assignment, serious quit attempts and five and psychophysiological factors. Lower self-efficacy at baseline was a significant predictor of relapse (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.97,0.99). Another predictor was the interaction between time and group assignment and the finding showed that for the usual care group, increase in time since quitting provided a significant protective factor (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.60,0.79). Conclusions Cessation programs should include content on self-efficacy to help prevent relapse. The interaction between time and group warrants further investigation for its prediction for relapse.
An instrument for the analysis of facial growth.

Abstract No Abstract Available. * From the Department of Anatomy and the Center for Human Growth and Development, the University of Michigan. Supported in part by USPHS Grant DE-02272.
On the Obstetric Management of Prematurity

Summary 1. With over four-fifths of our total premature mortalitv occurring within forty-eight hours of delivery, we must look to other fartors than feeding and nursery eare to arrount for it. 2. As the birth weight increases, so do the rhances for the infant’s survival. 3. Multiple pregnanry and maternal toxemia give us the best results among the known causes of premature labor, while antepartum bleeding acts as the greatest rause of infant death. 4. Forceps delivery offers the hest method for handling premature labor and cesarean section, as now done, the worst.
Modes of Ignition of Powder Layers of Nanocomposite Thermites by Electrostatic Discharge

ABSTRACTNanocomposite powders with aluminum as a fuel and oxides of molybdenum, copper, bismuth, and iron as oxidizers were prepared by arrested reactive milling. The powders were placed in 0.5-mm-thick layers and ignited by electrostatic discharge (ESD) in air. In different tests, time-resolved light emission was recorded at 568 nm or in the range of 373–641 nm. The amount of material consumed was recorded as well. Time-resolved temperatures were determined. Two distinct ignition regimes were observed. Prompt ignition occurred within 10 µs of the electric discharge, comparable to what had previously been observed for corresponding powder monolayers. This ignition mode was observed for composites with Bi2O3 and Fe2O3 ignited with a 12-kV discharge, whereas it only occurred at higher spark voltage (20 kV) and energy for CuO and MoO3 composites. Delayed ignition, occurring after 0.1–1 ms following the discharge, was observed for all composites with consistently stronger light emission. Analysis of quenched,...
Self-Efficacy: A Communication Model for the Development of Self-Efficacy in the Classroom

Self-efficacy is defined and refined initially and most notably in the work of behavioral psychologist A. Bandura as the belief or judgment made by an individual that they can succeed or accomplish an identified task. Three decades of research have further developed the concept of generalized self-efficacy as the belief that one could be successful on a non-specific, global task, and specific self-efficacy as the belief that one can complete a task-specific behavior. Furthermore, researchers in this area provide empirical evidence that self-efficacy is an accurate predictor of a student's skill acquisition, rate of performance, expenditure of energy, persistence, goal setting, and self monitoring of goals. The following paper reviews the research on self-efficacy as an academic tool for the teacher. In addition, a Self-Efficacy Scale developed by M. Sherer is presented as an additional assessment tool. Finally, a suggestion on teaching tips using a communication and behavioral model to foster gen...
Evidence for the Sacrificial Role of the Auxiliary [4Fe-4S] Cluster of Lipoyl Synthase

Lipoyl synthase (LipA) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor, the insertion of two sulfur atoms at C6 and C8 of an n-octanoyl chain on a lipoyl carrier protein (LCP). ...
Throughput evaluation model for the linear platform in semiconductor manufacturing

Equipment productivity in semiconductor manufacturing has been becoming one of the major topics due to the high equipment price. To calculate the productivity based on the running logs is easier and more precise. However, the engineers may often be assigned to estimate the productivity of the equipment in the design phase for making the investment decision or predicting the project benefit. In such a situation, no running log can be used to calculate the equipment productivity. If the architecture of the equipment and the wafer flow are simple, the equipment productivity still can be evaluated by some algebra-based solutions. Unfortunately, with the rapid IC shrink, the equipment architecture becomes more and more complicated. The linear platform is the typical one. In a linear platform, multiple main-frames are used to install more chambers. In each main-frame, there may be multiple robots for the efficient wafer transmission. It is very difficult to estimate the productivity of the linear platform by some simple algebra-based solutions. However, how to evaluate the accurate productivity of a linear platform is very critical due to its higher price. Aiming at this problem, a novel estimative methodology is proposed in this paper, which analyzes the potential waiting time of a chamber and then points out the productivity bottleneck of the platform. The proposed methodology is designed for calculating the Wafer Per hour (WPH) of the linear platform. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is verified by a simulation model. By applying the methodology, for a semiconductor manufacturing company, the incorrect equipment investment can be reduced to enhance the market competitiveness.
The Impact of Supply and Demand on Doctorates in Physical Education Teacher Education: The Future of the Profession

ABSTRACTQuality preparation of doctoral students is a key to the survival of physical education teacher education. Past research has revealed a shortage of students graduating with a doctoral degree in physical education and a general reluctance of teachers to leave their jobs to pursue an advanced degree. As the number of universities preparing new physical education teacher education assistant professors decreases, those in the profession are concerned for the future of teacher education. Unlike other professions that prepare more doctoral students than the market can accommodate, this is not the case for physical education teacher education doctoral programs. This article will provide summary information on supply and demand, which will be used to identify trends and recommendations for the future. This article will explore the status of doctoral programs in the United States and whether university programs will be able to prepare a sufficient number of professors to replace the aging physical educatio...
Transitioning Out Loud and Online

Today’s gender dissidents find support, community, and practical advice by sharing information and creating intimacy through trans vlogs.
Mixed Strategy Equilibrium

In many strategic situations a player’s success depends upon his actions being unpredictable. Competitive sports are replete with examples. One of the simplest occurs repeatedly in soccer (football): if a kicker knows which side of the goal the goalkeeper has chosen to defend, he will kick to the opposite side; and if the goalkeeper knows to which side the kicker will direct his kick, he will choose that side to defend. In the language of game theory, this is a simple 2x2 game which has no pure strategy equilibrium.
7.11 Trends in Materials for Spine Surgery

The human vertebral column serves to transfer loads from the head, trunk, and upper body to the pelvis to provide flexibility in motion while also helping to protect the spinal cord. The main load-bearing entity of the spine is the intervertebral disc, which is subject to degeneration due to normal aging or injury due to loading. Many treatments have been developed to address disorders of the spine including disc degeneration, vertebral fracture, and disc herniation. These range from invasive surgical techniques to noninvasive procedures to treat various tissues of the spine through several stages of damage and degeneration. Early techniques such as spinal fusion to stabilize the spine and alleviate discogenic pain have now become established procedures. Alternative techniques to spinal fusion have been developed. Total disc arthroplasty, for example, encompasses the removal of degenerated discs which are replaced with entirely artificial disc components. A newly emerging arena of disc treatment technologies is annulus repair, focusing on the degeneration of the annulus fibrosus, damage to which can cause disc herniation. As interventional techniques have evolved, so have the materials utilized. Earlier interventions such as spinal fusion primarly utilized metals and ceramics combined with bone grafts, while total disc replacements and annulus repair materials tend toward polymeric materials and composites. This chapter describes spinal implants and the associated procedures, and more importantly, material selection criteria for such devices.
Tumor-Forming Leukemia in Breast and Ovary.

Abstract 1014 Poster Board I-36 A database was created of 305 women with leukemic breast (Br) or ovarian (Ov) tumors, reported 1970-2009 (35% since 2000), to analyze their clinical behavior and reasons why survival remains poor. Follow-up was elicited from 96 authors. Distribution of cases and 2-year DFS are shown. Breast Ovary Breast+Ovary Presentation of Br or Ov tumor AMLn=129 ALLn= 59 AMLn=53 ALLn=56 AMLn=6 ALLn=2 GS 11 of 35 0 3 of 22 0 0 of 2 0 At marrow dx 2 of 30 2 of 17 4 of 18 0 of 3 0 1 of 2 After chemo 0 of 34 2 of 23 1 of 8 11 of 50 1 of 3 0 After SCT 1 of 30 4 of 19 1 of 5 1 of 3 1 of 1 0 There is no common feature (FAB, karyotype, wbc) except age; 90% were under 51 (range:3mo-67yr). Br and Ov tumors were generally the first site of extramedullary (EM) leukemia, but 21 had prior or concurrent CNS involvement. The median time of Br and Ov relapse after diagnosis was 11-13 mo in AML and in Br cases with ALL, but for ALL Ov cases, the median was 44 mo. Late relapse at 5 to 13 yrs was reported in 24 cases (7 Br, 17 Ov). Median survival of 59 cases of granulocytic sarcoma (GS), before marrow leukemia, was 30mo for Br and 13mo for Ov cases. For the 71 Br or Ov relapses after chemo without marrow relapse, median survivals were 12mo (AML) and 17mo (ALL). When marrow was simultaneously involved in 115, median survivals were Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
External-Beam Partial Breast Irradiation: The New York University Prone Technique

External-beam radiotherapy has many advantages over other techniques of partial breast irradiation (PBI) (Formenti 2005, 2007). First and foremost, treatment is given after lumpectomy, when complete pathologic information is available on the original tumor and the status of the resection margins. Second, it spares the patient from the need for a second surgical procedure, since simulation and treatment are performed using a noninvasive method that does not require anesthesia. Third, the technique of external-beam PBI is more likely to be easily reproducible across different radiation oncology centers, since treatment outcomes are less likely to depend on the experience and operative skills of individual oncologists, unlike interstitial brachytherapy or MammoSite treatment techniques. External-beam PBI also generates better dose homogeneity, which may result in improved cosmetic outcome as compared to brachytherapy techniques. Finally, external-beam PBI is more cost-effective and less expensive than brachytherapy techniques (Suh 2005; Ellerin 2004). Considering these theoretical advantages, we developed a partial breast irradiation program that uses prone positioning, originally at the University of Southern California (Jozsef et al. 2000). Over the past eight years, this approach has been studied and defi ned further at New York University (Formenti 2004). In parallel, a series of different prone boards or prone tables were developed, with the intention of converging daily reproducibility with patient comfort (Fig. 17.1).
Standard and Giant Aneurysms: the Role of Endovascular Therapy

Cerebral aneurysms are currently being treated by endovascular techniques when craniotomy and surgical clipping is not feasible. We have treated 301 aneurysms using interventional neurovascular methods since 1981. These aneurysms include 227 anterior circulation (140 extradural) and 74 posterior circulation aneurysms. Forty-two percent of the 161 intradural aneurysms in this series presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Embolic materials included detachable silicone balloons, fibered coils, and electrically detachable coils. Complications of endovascular therapy include stroke (5.9%) and mortality related to the aneurysm (7.6%). Fusiform, multilobular, giant, and previously treated aneurysms require special consideration because of the need for parent artery occlusion, combination of embolic material, and vigilance against recurrence of aneurysm neck or migration of embolic material into intra-aneurysmal thrombus. Endovascular therapy can provide effective therapy for cerebral aneurysms when surgical therapy is not feasible.
A Comparative Discourse Analysis of Spanish Past Narrations from the ACTFL OPI and OPIc.

The ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and accompanying proficiency guidelines have become a mainstay in academic foreign language assessment. In 2006, an asynchronous electronic interface of the OPI was made available in which candidates are asked to record themselves responding to questions delivered aurally via computer, labeled the Oral Proficiency Interview-computer (OPIc). Thompson, Cox, and Knapp (2016) found that both instruments produced similar results but that many students in their sample who scored at the Advanced Low level on the traditional OPI scored one sublevel higher on the OPIc. The primary objective of the present study is to analyze lexical features, i.e., lexical diversity and lexical density, and discursive features, i.e., temporal and repair fluency, of students’ speech from a subset of OPI and OPIc exams to examine the relationship between the language elicited from each exam type, i.e., face-to-face and via computer. The research consists of two studies that focus on candidates who received (1) an Advanced Mid rating on both assessments, and (2) those who received Advanced Mid on the OPIc and Advanced Low on the OPI. While the two exams did not seem to elicit disparate levels of lexical density and diversity, significant differences surfaced in measures of fluency.
Combination of Neoadjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for the Treatment of Cirrhotomimetic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose To examine differences in outcome and response of cirrhotomimetic (CMM) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to a combination of bridging transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) compared with non-CMM HCC. Materials and Methods All patients with pathologically proven CMM HCC who underwent bridging transcatheter arterial chemoembolization before OLT between 2007 and 2013 (n = 23) were retrospectively compared with a control group of patients with pathologically proven non-CMM HCC (n = 46). Results There were 29 tumors in the CMM HCC group and 64 tumors in the non-CMM group identified and treated. Objective response rate on MR imaging at 1 and 3 months after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for CMM HCC tumors (including patients with complete and partial response) was 93.1% and 86.4% compared with 85.2% and 93.2% for non-CMM tumors without statistically significant difference ( P = .54 and P = .09, respectively). Pathologic study of liver explants showed complete tumor necrosis in 62.3% of non-CMM tumors (38/61) compared with 10.3% of CMM tumors (3/29) ( P P = .03). Patients with CMM HCC with extranodular tumor extension involving > 50% of liver parenchyma had worse survival with mean 2-year survival of 402 days ± 102 vs 656 days ± 39 for the remaining patients with CMM HCC ( P = .02). Conclusions Despite similar early imaging response rates, CMM HCC tumors had markedly lower rates of complete pathologic necrosis on liver explants and were associated with reduced survival after OLT compared with conventional HCCs.
Scalable time-versioning support for property graph databases

When graphs change over time, it is important to make the changes trackable for many graph-based applications. We propose an implementation of OLTP-oriented graph database that supports time-versioning. There has been a few snapshot-based approaches for supporting time-versions, but they usually require the full-restoration of the graph, and lack the resolution of the time space. Using a B-tree as the datastructure for the backend storage, our database allow fast and scalable support for restoring the arbitrary part of the graph, without slowing down the normal accesses to the current graph. Experimental results show that our scheme is much efficient than the straightforward solutions, in terms of space and performance.
Statistical Modeling of Tropical Cyclone Intensity

In the North Atlantic climate change experiment (Chap. 4), the Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM) projected an increase of mean TC intensity under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations (Table 5.1 and Fig. 5.1). However, explicit projection of changes in intense storms (Category 3+, maximum lifetime wind speed greater than 50 m s−1) was not possible due to the limited horizontal resolution.
Numerical simulation of NAPL flow in the subsurface

A three-dimensional, three-phase numerical model is presented for simulating the movement of immiscible fluids, including nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), through porous media. The model is designed to simulate soil flume experiments and for practical application to a wide variety of contamination scenarios involving light or dense NAPLs in heterogeneous subsurface systems. The model is derived for the three-phase flow of water, NAPL, and air in porous media. The basic governing equations are based upon the mass conservation of the constitutents within the phases. The descretization chosen to transform the governing equations into the approximating equations, although logically regular, is very general. The approximating equations are a set of simultaneous coupled nonlinear equations which are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The linear system solutions needed for the Newton-Raphson method are obtained using a matrix of preconditioner/accelerator iterative methods. Because of the special way the governing equations are implemented, the model is capable of simulating many of the phenomena considered necessary for the sucessful simulation of field problems including entry pressure phenomena, entrapment, and preferential flow paths. The model is verified by comparing it with several exact analytic test solutions and three soil flume experiments involving the introduction and movement of light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) or dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) in heterogeneous sand containing a watertable.
The Structural Basis for the Biological Properties of Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins (Ig’s) are polyfunctional molecules. The most thoroughly studied, and currently best understood, of the numerous functions of this protein family is antigen-binding, a subject that is discussed in detail in several other chapters of this volume. The various other functions are collectively referred to as the biological properties, or effector functions, of antibodies. These properties are mediated by the constant (C) regions of the heavy (H) chains of the various Ig molecules. In fact, most of the properties recognized at present have been associated with that carboxyterminal subcomponent of the H-chain C region referred to as the Fc (constant) segment, or fragment.
The development of multiple ocular complications in a patient with Parry-Romberg syndrome.

Parry‐Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare condition that causes progressive but self‐limited atrophy of facial tissues, muscles, and osteocartilaginous and cerebral structures. PRS can present with a ...
Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact

Abstract With broad-scale deployment of lithium-ion batteries, mechanical-abuse induced failure events such as short circuits and thermal runaway have made safety a focus of attention in battery design. Most previous studies have focused on quasi-static and low-velocity impact analyses, which could not represent the mechanical behavior of lithium-ion batteries in realistic situations. Here we report a combined experimental and computational study on the dynamic response of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity (200–1000 m/s) impact. Dynamic finite element simulations were performed to study the effects of internal interfacial behavior and external loading and boundary conditions on the dynamic mechanical behavior of pouch cells. Specifically, mechanical resistance across interfaces between different cell components has a pronounced impact on energy distribution and absorption, thereby determining the evolution of subsequent failure events. These results have practical implications for designing cells with liquid versus gel-type electrolytes, for example. Furthermore, finite element simulations on different external loading and boundary conditions indicate that a direct interaction between the impactor and the cell boundaries lead to a significant change in residual velocity, while the response of the pouch cell is independent of the prescribed far-field boundary conditions. In other words, there is not a significant difference in the response of pouch-format cells that have stacked electrodes versus wound electrodes at such high strain rates. These results are significantly different from quasi-static simulations wherein the evolution of failure events follows a very different pathway. In addition, the impact velocity profiles under different initial impact velocities offer the ballistic limit for the pouch cell and inform subsequent propagation analyses at the battery module level. Collectively, the findings presented here not only offer new perspectives on the role of the interfacial resistances and external boundary conditions on the mechanical safety of lithium-ion pouch cells, but also have implications for further investigations on cell design, modeling approaches, and test method development to study the safety of lithium-ion batteries under extreme loading conditions.
Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis in Rett Syndrome With an Emphasis on Respiratory Failure and Opioid Usage

Our objective was to characterize our experience with 8 patients with Rett syndrome undergoing scoliosis surgery in regard to rates of respiratory failure and rates of ventilator-acquired pneumonia in comparison to patients with neurologic scoliosis and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This study was a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery at a tertiary children's hospital. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, (2) neurologic scoliosis, and (3) Rett syndrome. There were 133 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 48 patients with neurologic scoliosis, and 8 patients with Rett syndrome. We found that patients with Rett syndrome undergoing scoliosis surgery have higher rates of respiratory failure and longer ventilation times in the postoperative period when compared with both adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and neurologic scoliosis patients. There is insufficient evidence to suggest a difference in the incidence of ventilator-acquired pneumonia between the Rett syndrome and the neurologic scoliosis group. We believe our findings are the first in the literature to show a statistically significant difference between these 3 groups in regard to incidence of respiratory failure.
Interpreting Instances of Shame from an Evolutionary Perspective: The Pain Analogy

From a basic emotions perspective, shame can be viewed as a family of emotions (e.g., embarrassment, humiliation, guilt), which share a common antecedent—devaluation. As an evolutionary adaptation, shame can be either adaptive or maladaptive, depending on context and one’s response. Findings on the affective neuroscience of social pain suggest the physical pain system was co-opted for adaptive social functions. Thus, physical pain is an appropriate analogy for understanding shame, the two sharing many features. Both are elicited by injury; with shame the injury is to a relationship or status. Both direct attention to the injury and make us care. Both motivate immediate and future behavior. We may lash out or cease what we are doing to end the pain, make attempts to repair reputational damage, or hide the source of shame. Both motivate attempts to avoid reoccurrence of the pain in the future. One may improve to avoid performance-based shame, or learn to avoid behaviors that elicit shame, just as one avoids cuts. Finally, both are communicated via physical expressions that often elicit empathy or forgiveness. Clients understand the functions of physical pain and how it protects us. Using the shame-pain analogy helps clients view shame in an adaptive light and helps them distinguish adaptive from maladaptive responses.
Neuraminidase activity mediates IL-6 production through TLR4 and p38/ERK MAPK signaling in MRL/lpr mesangial cells

ABSTRACT Mesangial cells (MCs), considered the immune cell of the kidney, secrete a number of cytokines including IL-6, which serves as an autocrine factor for MCs stimulating proliferation. IL-6 is associated with disease in patients and mouse strains with lupus nephritis, promoting tissue damage. Previously, we demonstrated the activity or levels of the enzyme neuraminidase (NEU) is increased in the kidneys of lupus mice and urine of human patients with nephritis and that NEU activity plays a role in mediating IL-6 secretion from lupus prone MRL/lpr primary mouse MCs. In this study, we further elucidate the mechanisms by which NEU activity mediates cytokine production by primary lupus prone MCs. MRL/lpr primary MCs were cultured with lupus serum to stimulate cytokine production in the absence or presence of NEU activity inhibitor. Our results show lupus serum increases NEU activity, and secretion of GM-CSF and MIP1α, in addition to IL-6, is significantly reduced when NEU activity is inhibited. mRNA expression of Il-6 and Gm-csf was also increased in response to lupus serum, and reduced when NEU activity was inhibited. Using neutralizing antibodies to specific receptors, inhibitors of MAP kinase signaling pathways, and LPS stimulation we show TLR4 and p38/ERK MAPK play a role in NEU-mediated secretion of IL-6. Together, our results suggest NEU activity plays an important role in the response of lupus prone MCs to factor(s) in lupus serum that stimulates IL-6 expression and secretion through TLR4-p38/ERK MAPK signaling, likely through desialyation of one or more glycoproteins in this pathway.
Precedential Reasoning and Dynastic Self-Fashioning in the Rescripts of Severus Alexander

This article argues that the rescripts of Severus Alexander (r. 222-235 C. E.) preserved within the Codex Iustinianus are markedly idiosyncratic in their reasoning; specifically, they are disproportionately likely to analogize Alexander’s decisions to those of earlier emperors. This tendency suggests a conscious effort to portray Alexander as hewing to earlier Severan and Antonine models of governance, and conforms with Alexander’s public image in other media more commonly understood as ideologically charged.
Evidence of presolar SiC in the Allende Curious Marie calcium aluminum rich inclusion

Calcium aluminum rich inclusions (CAIs) are one of the first solids to have condensed in the solar nebula, while presolar grains formed in various evolved stellar environments. It is generally accepted that CAIs formed close to the Sun at temperatures above 1500 K, where presolar grains could not survive, and were then transported to other regions of the nebula where the accretion of planetesimals took place. In this context, a commonly held view is that presolar grains are found solely in the fine-grained rims surrounding chondrules and in the low-temperature fine-grained matrix that binds the various meteoritic components together. Here we demonstrate, based on noble gas isotopic signatures, that presolar SiC have been incorporated into fine-grained CAIs in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite at the time of their formation, and have survived parent body processing. This finding provides new clues on the conditions in the nascent solar system at the condensation of first solids.
Hyaluronic acid induces ROCK-dependent amoeboid migration in glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadly adult brain tumor, primarily because of its high infiltrative capacity and development of resistance to therapy. Although GBM cells are typically believed to migrate via mesenchymal (e.g., fibroblast-like) migration modes, amoeboid (e.g., leucocyte-like) migration modes have been identified and may constitute a salvage pathway. However, the mesenchymal to amoeboid transition (MAT) process in GB is not well characterized, most likely because most culture models induce MAT via pharmacological or genetic inhibition conditions that are far from physiological. In this study, we examined the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) content in three-dimensional collagen (Col) hydrogels to induce MAT in U87 GBM cells. HA and Col are naturally-occurring components of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM). In pure Col gels, U87 cells displayed primarily mesenchymal behaviors, including elongated cell morphology, clustered actin and integrin expression, and crawling migration behaviors. Whereas an increasing population of cells displaying amoeboid behaviors, including rounded morphology, cortical actin expression, low/no integrin expression, and squeezing or gliding motility, were observed with increasing HA content (0.1-0.2 wt% in Col). Consistent with amoeboid migration, these behaviors were abrogated by ROCK inhibition with the non-specific small molecule inhibitor Y27632. Toward identification of histological MAT classification criteria, we also examined the correlation between cell and nuclear aspect ratio (AR) in Col and Col-HA gels, finding that nuclear AR has a small variance and is not correlated to cell AR in HA-rich gels. These results suggest that HA may regulate GBM cell motility in a ROCK-dependent manner.
Cosmological Evolution of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Star Formation Rate

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), by virtue of their high luminosities, can be detected up to very high redshifts and therefore can be excellent probes of the early universe. This task is hampered by the fact that most of their characteristics have a broad range, so we first need to obtain an accurate description of the distribution of these characteristics and, especially, their cosmological evolution. We use a sample of about 200 Swift long GRBs with known redshifts to determine the evolution of the luminosity, formation rate, and the general shape of the luminosity function (LF). In contrast to most other forward-fitting methods of treating this problem, we use the Efron–Petrosian methods, which allow a non-parametric determination of the above quantities. We find a relatively strong luminosity evolution, an LF that can be fitted to a broken power law, and an unusually high formation rate at low redshifts, a rate more than one order of magnitude higher than the star formation rate (SFR). On the other hand, our results seem to agree with the almost constant SFR in redshifts 1–3 and the decline above this redshift.
Neurotoxic Effects of Ammonia in a Patient With Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency and Bilateral Brain Abscesses: Case Report.

Brain abscesses are a rare complication of dental procedures. High concentrations of ammonia in brain abscesses may increase vasogenic edema and other brain abscess symptoms. Ornithine transcarbamy...
A Reliable TDDB Lifetime Projection Model Verified Using 40Mb STT-MRAM Macro at Sub-ppm Failure Rate To Realize Unlimited Endurance for Cache Applications

We report a reliable TDDB lifetime projection model using power law verified from 40Mb STT-MRAM macro at sub-ppm failure rate to realize nearly unlimited endurance for cache applications. A specially designed macro, having internal temperature control systems and capable of applying accelerated voltage at 40Mb array level with wide operating temperature range: −40~125 °C and varying pulse widths: 200~10 ns, is used for the study. We demonstrate a superior endurance performance of > 1 E 12 cycles at 1 ppm failure rate using 40Mb macro combined with SRAM -like MTJ stack with lower operating voltage at BER ~ 1 ppm at 1 0 ns write pulse.
Thermal decomposition mechanism of allyltrichlorosilane and allyltrimethylsilane

Abstract Thermal decomposition of allyltrichlorosilane and allyltrimethylsilane at temperatures up to 1340 K were studied using flash pyrolysis coupled with molecular beam sampling and vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VUV-SPI-TOFMS). The initial reaction of allyltrichlorosilane was homolysis of the Si–C bond, producing •SiCl3 and •C3H5 radicals. The •SiCl3 radical then underwent sequential Cl losses to form :SiCl2, SiCl and Si. The C3H5 radical also underwent secondary reactions, producing a series of C3Hx species (m/z = 39–42), consistent with previous studies. In the pyrolysis of allyltrimethylsilane, molecular elimination reaction forming Me2Si=CH2 + C3H6 and Si–C bond ruptures producing Me3Si• + •C3H5 and M e 2 S i ˙ C H 2 C H = C H 2 + •CH3 were identified as the main initiation decomposition steps. HSiMe3 was also identified as one of the initiation reaction products. The observed secondary reactions of Me2Si=CH2 and Me3Si• were consistent with previous studies. Possible thermal decomposition mechanism of the M e 2 S i ˙ C H 2 C H = C H 2 product was also proposed.
Implications of model selection: a comparison of publicly available, conterminous US-extent hydrologic component estimates

Abstract. Spatiotemporally continuous estimates of the hydrologic cycle are often generated through hydrologic modeling, reanalysis, or remote sensing (RS) methods and are commonly applied as a supplement to, or a substitute for, in situ measurements when observational data are sparse or unavailable. This study compares estimates of precipitation ( P ), actual evapotranspiration (ET), runoff ( R ), snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture (SM) from 87 unique data sets generated by 47 hydrologic models, reanalysis data sets, and remote sensing products across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Uncertainty between hydrologic component estimates was shown to be high in the western CONUS, with median uncertainty (measured as the coefficient of variation) ranging from 11 % to 21 % for P , 14 % to 26 % for ET, 28 % to 82 % for R , 76 % to 84 % for SWE, and 36 % to 96 % for SM. Uncertainty between estimates was lower in the eastern CONUS, with medians ranging from 5 % to 14 % for P, 13 % to 22 % for ET, 28 % to 82 % for R , 53 % to 63 % for SWE, and 42 % to 83 % for SM. Interannual trends in estimates from 1982 to 2010 show common disagreement in R, SWE, and SM. Correlating fluxes and stores against remote-sensing-derived products show poor overall correlation in the western CONUS for ET and SM estimates. Study results show that disagreement between estimates can be substantial, sometimes exceeding the magnitude of the measurements themselves. The authors conclude that multimodel ensembles are not only useful but are in fact a necessity for accurately representing uncertainty in research results. Spatial biases of model disagreement values in the western United States show that targeted research efforts in arid and semiarid water-limited regions are warranted, with the greatest emphasis on storage and runoff components, to better describe complexities of the terrestrial hydrologic system and reconcile model disagreement.
Exploration of Unknown Environments Using Deep Reinforcement Learning.

My research presents a method for efficient exploration of an outdoor, unknown area, which aims to achieve precise coverage of regions of interest within that area. While this method for autonomous exploration was designed for autonomous controllers in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the concepts apply to any vehicle which uses autonomous navigation. We consider an environment with areas of interest of various sizes littered throughout, and a reinforcement learning agent which is tasked with discovering and mapping these areas in an efficient manner.
Efficient Folded Attention for Medical Image Reconstruction and Segmentation

Recently, 3D medical image reconstruction (MIR) and segmentation (MIS) based on deep neural networks have been developed with promising results, and attention mechanism has been further designed for performance enhancement. However, the large size of 3D volume images poses a great computational challenge to traditional attention methods. In this paper, we propose a folded attention (FA) approach to improve the computational efficiency of traditional attention methods on 3D medical images. The main idea is that we apply tensor folding and unfolding operations to construct four small sub-affinity matrices to approximate the original affinity matrix. Through four consecutive sub-attention modules of FA, each element in the feature tensor can aggregate spatial-channel information from all other elements. Compared to traditional attention methods, with the moderate improvement of accuracy, FA can substantially reduce the computational complexity and GPU memory consumption. We demonstrate the superiority of our method on two challenging tasks for 3D MIR and MIS, which are quantitative susceptibility mapping and multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.
Teachers learning to teach: professional development based on sociocultural theory for linguistically and culturally diverse classroom

This paper explores the implications of grounding professional development in the Vygotskian sociocultural theoretical framework for regular classroom teachers who must deal with the cultural and l...
How torturers are made: Evidence from Saddam Hussein’s Iraq

Because of the difficulties in researching torturers, little is known about how they are recruited, trained, and authorized, and how they morally justify their actions. This study examines oral his...
Disability and access to courts: Assessing the accessibility of U.S. federal judiciary homepages thirty years after the ADA

Using basic accessibility standards, the presence or absence of essential usability features, and site accessibility statements, this study evaluates the accessibility of the home pages of the federal judiciary — those of the U.S. district, Appellate and specialty courts, the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts (AO), the Federal Judicial Center (FJC), and the main homepage of PACER, the federal judiciary’s e-filing and e-records access system. Software evaluations reveal detected instances of a narrow set of accessibility issues, including scripts with no accompanying functional text, images/server-side image maps with no text equivalents/descriptors, and inaccessible forms. Manual evaluations of Web sites show a high proportion (about 67 percent) of the home pages provided skip navigation links, whereas smaller proportions provided direct or indirect links to accessibility information — about 15 percent and 12 percent, respectively, as well as controls for manipulating font size (about 12 percent). Notably, a sizeable proportion (about 45 percent) of home pages provided direct or indirect links to a “BrowseAloud” explanation and download page, apparently in lieu of information on accessibility. Finally, content analysis of existing Web site accessibility pages and policy statements show a high degree of variation, with some being exceptionally detailed and informative, and some less so.
Ultra Low-Power Integrated Circuit Design for Wireless Neural Interfaces

This book will describe ultra low-power, integrated circuits and systems designed for the emerging field of neural signal recording and processing, and wireless communication. Since neural interfaces are typically implanted, their operation is highly energy-constrained. This book introduces concepts and theory that allow circuit operation approaching the fundamental limits. Design examples and measurements of real systems are provided. The book will describe circuit designs for all of the critical components of a neural recording system, including: Amplifiers which utilize new techniques to improve the trade-off between good noise performance and low power consumption. Analog and mixed-signal circuits which implement signal processing tasks specific to the neural recording application: Detection of neural spikes Extraction of features that describe the spikes Clustering, a machine learning technique for sorting spikes Weak-inversion operation of analog-domain transistors, allowing processing circuits that reduce the requirements for analog-digital conversion and allow low system-level power consumption. Highly-integrated, sub-mW wireless transmitter designed for the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) and ISM bands.
Effects of Cognitive and Physical Decline on Older Drivers’ Side-To-Side Scanning for Hazards While Executing Turns

Age related declines in cognitive and physical ability significantly impair an older adult’s ability to safely drive. As we age it gradually becomes more difficult to scan for, detect, process, and ultimately react to critical elements in our driving environment. Older drivers are over represented in angled impacts in intersections. Research has shown that older drivers tend to execute fewer side-to-side glances while in the process of turning than middle-aged drivers. This decrease in scanning can directly lead to an increase in angled impacts. The present research investigates the correlation between cognitive and physical decline and the likelihood that an older driver will execute side-to-side glances at the beginning and during a turn. Results of both simulator and field drive sessions with fifty-four older drivers 70-89 years of age demonstrated that cognitive, but not physical, decline was significantly correlated with a decrease in side-to-side scanning while turning.
The Shock of the Real: Romanticism and Visual Culture,1760-1860

Theater and Painting The Legible Face: Romantic Anti-Theatricality and the Cult of Garrick Performing the Real: Reynolds, Mrs. Abington, and the Birth of Celebrity Culture Prints and Exhibitions Reynolds between the Royal Academy and the Print Trade Contracted Optics: Haydon and the Cult of Immensity Panoramas The Anti-Sublime: Wordsworth and the Virtual Landscapes of Leicester Square Ruins and Museums Sentimental Distances in Schiller, Winckelmann and Diderot Keats and the Ruins of Imperialism Byron's Curse, or The Strange Case of Lord Elgin's Nose Illustration, Tourism, Photography
Weak Radiative B Meson Decay

Weak radiative B meson decays, → γX s have a B meson decaying to a hard photon (i.e., E γ ≳ 2 GeV) and strange hadronic final states X s . The prediction of the standard model (with minimal particle content) for the rate for this process is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the role of strong interaction corrections, which have a significant impact on the rate.
Modeling and simulation of grinding wheel by discrete element method and experimental validation

A simulated grinding wheel (GW), a numerical representative that describes the geometric and physical properties of realistic GWs, is the prerequisite and foundation of grinding research. However, most proposed numerical GWs treated realistic GWs as continuums without internal structure (e.g., binder and pores) and analyzed realistic GWs’ behaviors based on continuum-based material theories. To fill this gap, this study attempts to introduce a discontinuum-based method, discrete element method (DEM), into GW modeling and simulation. DEM GW simulation begins with two grinding-customized modifications to classic DEM theory. Then, with the aid of experimental measurement and statistical analysis, a DEM GW is modeled. Experimental validations are conducted thereafter. Results show acceptable agreements between DEM and realistic GWs in terms of topography, microscopic structure, fracture behavior in compressive test, and performance in grinding process. The proposed DEM GW’s ability in describing a discontinuous structure of realistic GWs covers the shortage of existing numerical GWs and might have other promising applications (e.g., GW formula optimization in production, GW preparation technology and parameter optimization, and GW wear and life prediction).