cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NITROGEN DEPOSITION MODIFIES SOIL CARBON STORAGE THROUGH CHANGES IN MICROBIAL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition derived from fossil-fuel combustion, land clearing, and biomass burning is occurring over large geographical regions on nearly every continent. Greater ecosystem N availability can result in greater aboveground carbon (C) sequestration, but little is understood as to how soil C storage could be altered by N deposition. High concentrations of inorganic N accelerate the degradation of easily decom- posable litter and slow the decomposition of recalcitrant litter containing large amounts of lignin. This pattern has been attributed to stimulation or repression of different sets of microbial extracellular enzymes. We hypothesized that soil C cycling in forest ecosystems with markedly different litter chemistry and decomposition rates would respond to anthro- pogenic N deposition in a manner consistent with the biochemical composition of the dominant vegetation. Specifically, oak-dominated ecosystems with low litter quality should gain soil C, and sugar maple ecosystems with high litter quality should lose soil C in response to high levels of N deposition (80 kg N-ha-1-yr-1). Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed over a three-year period a significant loss of soil C (20%) from a sugar maple- dominated ecosystem and a significant gain (10%) in soil C in an oak-dominated ecosystem, a result that appears to be mediated by the regulation of the microbial extracellular enzyme phenol oxidase. Elevated N deposition resulted in changes in soil carbon that were ecosystem specific and resulted from the divergent regulatory control of microbial extracellular en- zymes by soil N availability.
The Effect of Graded Craft Activities on Visuomotor Integration in an Inpatient Child Psychiatry Population

The effectiveness ofa graded series ofcraft activities on improving visuomotor skills was tested with an in­ patient child psychiatry population A standardized test ofvisuomotor integration served as a pretest and posttest to compare two nonconcurrent groups in the same setting. The inpatient program was the same for both groups, except that the treatment group (n = 33) participated in a graded craft sequence, while the control group (n = 24) did not. The frequency and degree of improvement were significantly greater in the treatment group. The degree of improvement in both groups was significantly related to age, IQ, and diagnosis ofaffective disorder, but not to sex, psycho­ tropic medication, number of treatment sessions, or other diagnoses, including conduct disorder and at­ tention deficit disorder. Mean age and IQ did not dif fer sigmjicantly between the two groups. The study ten­ tatively supports a graded crafts program as a means for the improvement of visuomotor skills, but suggests that further research be done with matched groups.
Nutrition Labeling for Restaurant Menu Items: College Students’ Preferences for Nutrition Information and Its Influence on Purchase Intention

During the college years, young adults develop eating habits and concerns that follow them throughout their lives. Understanding college students’ menu selections in dining-out situations can provide insight into their eating habits. This study aimed to investigate college students’ preferences for types of nutrition information (such as macronutrients and total calories, specific nutrients, and health claims) on restaurant menus, and the impact of nutrition information on purchase intention. The presence of caloric and macronutrient information on restaurant menus was found to significantly affect purchase intention. The findings provide a foundation for future hospitality studies investigating dining-out menus as a persuasive tool for better health, and suggest strategies for industry professionals.
Validation of Real-Time PCR for Laboratory Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Confirmation of Acanthamoeba keratitis by laboratory diagnosis is the first step in the treatment of this vision-threatening disease. Two real-time PCR TaqMan protocols (the Riviere and Qvarnstrom assays) were developed for the detection of genus-specific Acanthamoeba DNA but lacked clinical validation. We have adapted these assays for the Cepheid SmartCycler II system (i) by determining their real-time PCR limits of detection and amplification efficiencies, (ii) by determining their ability to detect trophozoites and cysts, and (iii) by testing a battery of positive and negative samples. We also examined the inhibitory effects of a number of commonly used topical ophthalmic drugs on real-time PCR. The results of the real-time PCR limit of detection and amplification efficiency of the Riviere and Qvarnstrom assays were 11.3 DNA copies/10 μl and 94% and 43.8 DNA copies/10 μl and 92%, respectively. Our extraction protocol enabled us to detect 0.7 Acanthamoeba cysts/10 μl and 2.3 Acanthamoeba trophozoites/10 μl by both real-time PCR assays. The overall agreement between the assays was 97.0%. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of both real-time PCR assays based on culture were 100% (7 of 7) and 100% (37 of 37), respectively. Polyhexamethylene biguanide was the only topical drug that demonstrated PCR inhibition, with a minimal inhibitory dilution of 1/640 and an amplification efficiency of 72.7%. Four clinical samples were Acanthamoeba culture negative and real-time PCR positive. Our results indicate that both real-time PCR assays could be used to diagnose Acanthamoeba keratitis. Polyhexamethylene biguanide can inhibit PCR, and we suggest that specimen collection occur prior to topical treatment to avoid possible false-negative results.
Seeking a Comfortable Fit Between Family-Centered Philosophy and Infant-Parent Interaction in Early Intervention Time for a Paradigm Shift?

This article identifies issues regarding the match between family-centered philosophy and strategies for addressing infant-parent interaction in the early intervention process. A model is proposed for introducing and including infant-parent interaction in family-centered early intervention. This model is based on the family's vision for their child's future and is designed to assist families to be active decision makers. New directions for practice and research are raised based on family, professional team, and methodological concerns.
PiRA: IC authentication utilizing intrinsic variations in pin resistance

The rapidly rising incidences of counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs) including cloning attacks pose a significant threat to the semiconductor industry. Conventional functional/structural testing are mostly ineffective to identify different forms of cloned ICs. On the other hand, existing design for security (DfS) measures are often not attractive due to additional design effort, hardware overhead and test cost. In this paper, we propose a novel robust IC authentication approach, referred to as PiRA, to validate the integrity of ICs in presence of cloning attacks. It exploits intrinsic random variations in pin resistances across ICs to create unique chip-specific signatures for authentication. Pin resistance is defined as the resistance looking into or out the pin according to set parameters and biasing conditions, measured by standard tests for IC defect/performance analysis such as input leakage, protection diode and output load current tests. A major advantage of PiRA over existing methodologies is that it incurs virtually zero design effort and overhead. Furthermore, unlike most authentication approaches, it works for all chip types including analog/mixed-signal ICs and can be applied to legacy designs. Theoretical analysis as well as experimental measurements with common digital and analog ICs verify the effectiveness of PiRA.
Problems posed by observations of serum enzyme changes in toxicology.

(1971). Problems Posed By Observations Of Serum Enzyme Changes In Toxicology. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-32.
Clinical Risk Factors Do Not Predict Shoulder Dystocia.

Objective To compare 2 different risk factor models for the prediction of shoulder dystocia. Study Design We performed a retrospective study of women with vaginal deliveries at a single institution over an 8-year period. Two distinct multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the occurrence of shoulder dystocia: a traditional model used information based on birthweight and macrosomia, and a clinical model used information based on esti-mated fetal weight and suspected macrosomia. Results Of the 13,998 deliveries analyzed, there were 221 cases of shoulder dystocia (1.6%). In addition to the macrosomia or suspected macrosomia variables, the final models included prolonged second stage of labor, diabetes status, and oxytocin use. Neither model was highly sensitive or highly specific, and neither demonstrated a cutoff threshold that yielded a clinically viable PPV. Conclusion Despite the presence of 1 or more risk factors for shoulder dystocia, its occurrence remains largely an unpredictable clinical event.
A "Bare ... Desire to Harm?" Marriage and Catholic Conscience Post - Windsor

In United States v. Windsor, while the Supreme Court did not treat the question of religious exemptions from state laws recognizing same-sex marriage, the case could nevertheless affect the success of future efforts to attain religious exemptions. Windsor strongly suggested that any view of marriage excluding the possibility of same-sex unions is irrational and even hateful. Religious institutions and individuals, however, particularly the Catholic Church, are leading proponents of the view that opposite-sex marriage is uniquely valuable. Also for Catholics, this view forms a central and nonseverable part of a theological worldview encompassing teachings about matters such as the identity of God, and the meaning and purpose of life as servant love. Refusing to exempt Catholics from cooperating with same-sex marriage is therefore tantamount to denying them the right to practice their faith, or even insisting that they practice a different faith.In order to address the matter of religious freedom in the context of state-recognized same-sex marriage, post-Windsor, this article will proceed as follows: Part I. will set forth Windsor’s treatment of the nature of marriage and its characterization – as “animus” – of a refusal to recognize a marital union between two persons of the same sex. Part II. will set forth the elements constituting the cosmological and anthropological significance of Catholic teachings about marriage. Part III. will discuss the benefits offered to a pluralistic society by its continuing to allow a visibly Catholic witness on marriage. It will also acknowledge practical hurdles to such a resolution.
Encapsulated disk resonator gyroscope with differential internal electrodes

In this study we demonstrate for the first time integration of differential internal electrodes into a Disk Resonator Gyroscope (DRG) design within a wafer-scale encapsulation process. The differential internal electrodes design enables the mode-matching operation of the device with low DC power supplies (±5 V) thanks to the enhanced transduction area, while maintaining similar performance to the previously reported baseline DRG. The mode-matching operation yields a scale-factor of 1.37 mV/(7s) and an ARW of 0.29 °/√hr.
The Leadership of the United States in the Postwar World

It is now more than one hundred years since the substance of the Connally Resolution was first adopted by a legislative body in the United States; it is almost fifty years since the United States, at the Hague Conferences, took the lead in pressing for an international court with much more power than the Court we have since failed to join; it is about thirty-five years since Congress itself, by a unanimous vote in both houses, adopted a resolution urging that the United States Navy be combined with other navies into an international police force for the preservation of peace; it is not quite thirty years ago that the political parties, without any of the present hullabaloo on the point, and at a time when the United States was not itself at war, achieved such a unity of position in their stand for effective American participation in world order as to make debate between them on that issue virtually nil; and it is not quite thirty years ago that the man soon to become the Republican leader in the Senate joined from the same platform with the Democratic President in an appeal for a League of Nations, and a League with force, both economic and military, at its command.
Pure Retributivism and the Problem of Psychopathy: A Preliminary Investigation / Retributivismo Puro e o Problema da Psicopatia: Uma Investigação Preliminar

Abstract: My present goal is to explore some possible responses pure (or strict) retributivists might have to the gathering of empirical data on psychopaths. In addressing this issue, I will first briefly examine the strides researchers have recently made in understanding the nature of psychopathy, paying particular attention to work on the neural and genetic components of the disorder (§1). Then, I will survey several ways that a pure retributivist might respond to this data (including giving up on pure retributivism altogether and adopting instead a mixed theory of punishment that incorporates both forward-looking and backward-looking elements). (§2). As we will see, the retributivist has a fairly limited range of appealing options in this context. But my primary task here isn't to somehow refute retributivism (which comes in too many varieties to adequately address in a single paper). Rather, I am mainly interested in showing that the problem of psychopathy is relevant when it comes to our philosophical theorizing about punishment. In this sense, my over-arching task is methodological. I survey the interdisciplinary terrain and highlight some interesting and important connections between the research on the philosophy and the psychology of psychopathy. Keywords: Retributivism; Philosophy of punishment; Psychopathy Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo e explorar possiveis respostas que retributivistas puros podem ter a coleta de dados empiricos sobre psicopatas. Ao tratar deste assunto, primeiro examinarei brevemente os recentes avancos de pesquisadores em relacao ao entendimento da natureza da psicopatia, dando atencao especial ao trabalho acerca dos components neurais e geneticos da doenca (§1). Apos, demonstrarei diversas maneiras pelas quais um retributivista puro poderia enfrentar essas novas questoes (incluindo desistir do retributivismo puro para adotar uma teoria punitiva mista que incorpora ambos elementos voltados para o futuro quanto para o passado) (§2). Como veremos, o retributivista tem uma gama bastante limitada de opcoes que sejam atraentes neste contexto. Mas a minha tarefa primordial nao e a de refutar o retributivismo (que vem em variedades muito numerosas para serem trabalhadas em um unico artigo). Em vez disso, estou preocupado em demonstrar que o problema da psicopatia e relevante quando pensamos sobre a nossa teorizacao filosofica acerca da punicao. Nesse sentido, minha tarefa e metodologica. Eu avalio o terreno interdisciplinar e enfatizo algumas conexoes importantes e interessantes entre a pesquisa na filosofia e na psicologia da psicopatia. Palavras-chave: Retributivismo; Filosofia da punicao; Psicopatia
Serological surveillance of SFTSV infection

Objective To investigate covert infection of SFTS virus(SFTSV)in humans and animals in Donghai County;to provide basis for making SFTS prevention and control countermeasures.Methods Serum of healthy people in different age groups and cattle,chickens,pigs,dogs,sheep in both infected and uninfected areas in Donghai County were collected and subjected to total antibody analysis against SFTSV by double antigen sandwich ELISA.Results No antibodies against SFTSV were detected in human serum samples,while SFTSV antibodies were detected in serum samples of cattle and chickens from both infected and uninfected areas.Conclusion Cattle and chickens with easy access to humans could be infected with SFTSV and carry it.Surveillance of SFTSV on cattle and chickens should be strengthened in the future.
Abstract A50: Comparison of social support, social integration, overall quality of life, and recurrence-free survival between white and African American breast cancer survivors

Introduction: While African American women have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared to their white counterparts, African American women display higher rates of breast cancer mortality. Despite the plethora of studies examining the role of social support, social integration, and quality of life (QOL) on breast cancer survival, very few studies have focused on the nature of these relationships among African American women. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to assess the demographic, social support, social integration, and overall QOL characteristics of white and African American breast cancer survivors enrolled in theWomen9s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study. Additionally, comparisons were made using an independent samples t-test for continuous variables and a chi-square test for categorical variables. The method of Kaplan and Meier was also used to compare recurrence-free survival between white and African-American survivors. A cut-point of 80 was used to classify women as having low or high self-reported QOL. Five year Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival were used to compare white and African American participants with high and low self-reported QOL. Results: When examining the social support subscales, white women enrolled in the WHEL study reported significantly higher affection, while African American survivors reported higher social strain, and hostility. Overall, QOL was significantly higher for white participants compared to African American participants (p-value = 0.007). Assessment of the physical health components of QOL demonstrated that white participants reported an average score that was significantly higher compared to African American participants (p-value = .002). Additionally, assessment of the mental health components of QOL, suggested that white women reported higher average scores compared to African American participants (p-value = 0.091). The five-year recurrence-free survival estimates for white and African American breast cancer survivors were 89.0% and 81.2% respectively. The five-year recurrence-free survival estimates for white women with low and high QOL were 91.1% and 87.2%. Yet, the five-year recurrence-free survival estimates for African American women with low and high QOL were 73.9% and 88.2%. Therefore, white participants with low self-reported QOL had the most favorable five-year recurrence-free survival (91.1%) compared to African American participants with low self-reported QOL (73.9%). Conclusions: This study suggests that lower self-reported QOL may potentially mediate survival outcomes for African American women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales) reveals polyphyly of agaricoid members

The genus Camarophyllopsis contains species with lamellate (agaricoid) basidiomes in the family Clavariaceae (Agaricales), a group otherwise dominated by club-like (clavarioid) or branched (coralloid) forms. Previous studies have suggested that species classified in Camarophyllopsis occur in two independent lineages. We reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny of the Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona clade in the Clavariaceae using RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), nuclear ribosomal 28S, and nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions data and detected three independent groups of agaricoid fungi, including the genera Camarophyllopsis, Hodophilus, and Lamelloclavaria gen. nov, which distinctly differ in their pileipellis structure. In all, nine major lineages within the Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona clade were recovered: Clavaria sensu stricto, Camarophyllopsis sensu stricto, Hodophilus, the Clavaria pullei clade, the Clavaria fumosa clade, Lamelloclavaria gen. nov., the Clavaria atrofu...
Impact of amino acid nutrition during lactation on body nutrient mobilization and milk nutrient output in primiparous sows.

The impact of amino acid nutrition during lactation on body nutrient mobilization and milk nutrient output in primiparous sows was evaluated. Thirty-six sows, nursing litters of 13 pigs, were allocated daily 6 kg of a fortified corn-soybean meal diet containing a high (HP, 1.20% lysine) or low (LP, .34% lysine) protein content during a 23-d lactation. Dietary lysine concentration was achieved by altering the ratio of corn and soybean meal in the diet. The LP sows consumed less daily ME (14.2 vs 16.1 Mcal; P < .11) and daily lysine (16 vs 59 g; P < .01) than the HP sows. Daily litter weight gain was less (P < .01) for sows fed the LP vs HP diet, and the differences increased (P < . 01) as lactation progressed. The lower litter weight gain for the LP sows was reflective of the lower (P < .01) estimated milk DM, CP, and GE output of these sows. The LP sows lost more body weight (1.23 vs .21 kg/d; P < .01) during the initial 20 d of lactation. In the LP sows, 59% of the weight loss was protein, water, and ash, and 37% was fat. Weight loss in the HP sows was entirely accounted for by body fat mobilization, because these sows accrued body protein, water, and ash. Muscle myofibrillar breakdown rate was higher in LP sows than in HP sows (4.05 vs 2.80%/d; P < .01). On the basis of these data, dietary amino acid restriction during lactation increases maternal mobilization of proteinaceous tissue and reduces milk nutrient output. Maternal protein mobilization is maintained over the entire lactation even though milk output is decreased as lactation progresses.
Product-Oriented Information Delivery Framework for Multistory Modular Building Projects

AbstractDuring the past decade, building information modeling (BIM) has significantly influenced the construction industry. However, none of the available BIM tools and frameworks focuses on modula...
Genomic testing enhances treatment choices and clinical trial accrual in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC): Results of a prospective clinical study.

e14631 Background: Tumor genome sequencing is being used in clinical settings but its value to individual patients has not been well-studied. We conducted a prospective study of outpatient genomic ...
Residential Transience and Substance Use Disorder Are Independently Associated with Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Attempts in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults.

This study tests the association between past-year residential transience (RT), substance use disorder (SUD), major depressive episode (MDE), and suicidal outcomes in a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized, civilian, community-dwelling adults who participated in the 2008–2013 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. RT, SUD, and MDE were each significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts in models adjusted for each other and sociodemographic covariates. Because RT is independently associated with each suicidal outcome, even when there is no co-occurring SUD or MDE, assessment of RT should occur when screening for suicide.
Abstract 107: Cardiovascular Risk Predictors Among Black and African American Women: A Preliminary Analysis of the P4 Study

Objective: To identify predictors that allow for early detection of cardiovascular disease in African American women Background: Cardiovascular (CV) mortality is high in African Americans in the Un...
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise a heterogeneous group of men with diverse sexual behaviors and who have a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Among MSM, HIV-infected MSM are most affected by STI. Biological, behavioral, and societal factors contribute to these high rates of STI. STI may present in extragenital sites in MSM (i.e., mouth and anus) and in some instances, organisms typically not considered sexually transmitted must also be considered. This chapter discusses STI epidemiology in MSM and clinical topics unique to MSM.
E6AP/UBE3A catalyzes encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease polyubiquitylation and promotes its concentration reduction in virus-infected cells

Abstract The encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3C protease (3C pro ) is one of a small number of viral proteins whose concentration is known to be regulated by the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we report that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH7/UBE2L3 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase E6AP/UBE3A are components of a previously unknown EMCV 3C pro -polyubiquitylating pathway. Following the identification of UbcH7/UBE2L3 as a participant in 3C pro ubiquitylation, we purified a UbcH7-dependent 3C pro -ubiquitylating activity from mouse cells, which we identified as E6AP. In vitro reconstitution assays demonstrated that E6AP catalyzes the synthesis of 3C pro -attached Lys 48 -linked ubiquitin chains, known to be recognized by the 26S proteasome. We found that the 3C pro accumulates to higher levels in EMCV-infected E6AP knockdown cells than in control cells, indicating a role for E6AP in in vivo 3C pro concentration regulation. We also discovered that ARIH1 functions with UbcH7 to catalyze EMCV 3C pro monoubiquitylation, but this activity does not influence the in vivo 3C pro concentration.
Complexation with phenolic acids affect rheological properties and digestibility of potato starch and maize amylopectin

Abstract As well-documented inhibitors of starch digestive enzymes, dietary phenolics are less known for the ability to modify starch structures and functionality. This study aimed to characterize changes in starch structures by complexing individual phenolic acids with maize amylopectin and potato starch respectively, and to determine pasting properties and digestibility of the resulting complexes. FTIR-ATR results confirmed (995/1022 and 1047/1022 cm−1/cm−1) reduced crystallinity in short-range order of both starches, which were likely caused by a decrease in moisture content and/or by attenuation of molecular interactions in both crystalline and amorphous lamellas. Measurements of apparent amylose content and amylose leaching discovered formation of amylose-like structures in amylopectin and V-type amylose in potato starch. These structural changes were negatively associated with pasting temperature, peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cold paste viscosity. Digestibility was modestly lower for starch-phenolic acid complexes than for native starch and starch-phenolic acids mixtures. More interestingly, a small fraction of phenolic acids remained bound to starch molecules after pasting of starch-phenolic acid complexes, suggesting bound phenolic acids as a potential factor inhibiting starch hydrolysis.
Opioids, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and the Missing Vaccine.

An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about the lack of a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) preventive vaccine, and it mentions opioid abuse epidemics and another article which appears in the same issue of the journal and deals with an increase in the number of reported acute cases of HCV in the U.S. The Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions (TEDS) system and substance use treatments are examined, as well as syringe service programs, pharmacotherapies, and HCV treatment.
Completion of a Stand‐Alone Versus Coach‐Supported Trial of a Web‐Based Program for Distressed Relationships

The web-based program for distressed couples, OurRelationship (OR), has been found to significantly improve relationship and individual functioning. However, the program’s provision of paraprofessional coach support presents significant limitations to program dissemination and implementation. In an effort to further examine the role of coach support, the present study sought to assess program completion of the OR program with varying levels of paraprofessional support. Using an interrupted time series design, the current study aimed to compare completion rates of those who enrolled in a trial of OR with no coach support (n = 529 couples) to completion rates of a previous trial of OR in which couples were randomized to receive either one (n = 179 couples) or four (n = 177 couples) calls with a coach. Results revealed that individuals were significantly less likely to complete the OR program when they were not provided a coach than they were when provided with either one or four coach calls. Analyses of moderators of completion rates revealed that a coach was equally helpful across most demographic factors and measures of baseline relationship and individual functioning. However, Hispanic individuals experienced greater differences, and those with depressive symptoms experienced fewer differences, between the coach and no-coach trials. The findings highlight the growing need for online intervention researchers to develop and test alternate types of program support for participants who do not have access to a coach.
Obergefell v. Hodges: Marriage Equality’s Insistence on Family Values

In this chapter, I critically analyze the legal reasoning that undergirds the US Supreme Court’s majority opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), a judgment that made marriage equality the law of the land in all 50 states. In so doing, I draw upon some insights from queer theorists, who point out the dangers of “normifying” any particular way of life because it marginalizes those who will not, or cannot, assimilate into the dominant culture. Here, I analyze the assimilationist tropes of amatonormativity and repronormativity that appear in the opinion in order to point out that these rhetorical tropes alienate everybody except the most conformist of gays and lesbians. The Court’s reasoning is invested in LGBT+ normalization and endorses one particular conception of the good intimate life. Instead of this, the decision, I suggest, should have followed an approach steeped in what Cass Sunstein has called “decisional minimalism.” Following such an approach would have enhanced, rather than constricted, the range of family formations endorsed by the state in Obergefell.
The Survivorship Care Plan: What, Why, How, and for Whom

This chapter highlights the recent call by the Institute of Medicine for the use of a cancer survivorship plan to be provided to patients and their primary care providers at the end of cancer treatment. The need for evidence-based guidance on surveillance regimens after cancer treatment, how best to communicate what cancer treatments were received, and what care should be provided after treatment, as well as mechanisms to share care between oncology specialists and primary care providers is discussed. With the expanding number of cancer survivors each year, oncologists must find creative ways to ensure that the gains obtained through successful cancer treatment are not lost when patients transition to this phase of their care.
Collaborative Mathematics Learning in Online Environments

In formal education, learning mathematics is typically done by receiving direct instruction within the confines of a classroom. From first grade through graduate school, students are expected to learn mathematics primarily by being taught by instructors with previous knowledge of the subject. Research mathematicians, on the other hand, must rely on other methods; the mathematics they are trying to understand may not, as yet, be known to anyone else. Hence, they learn primarily through experimentation, self-directed study, and collaboration with peers. In recent years, these methods have been expanded to use modern tools and ideas. Research mathematicians initiated several successful large-scale online collaboration projects, such as the Polymath project and the MathOverflow website. In this chapter, we discuss these two projects, along with various other examples of online collaborative learning of mathematics. Our primary motivation is captured in the following question: why aren’t we all learning math this way? While a complete answer is beyond the scope of this work, we hope to at least stimulate a debate among a wide audience. The major part of our discussion is thus informal; we defer the contextualization of these examples within modern education research until the end of the chapter.
Computations in 3D for shock-induced distortion of a light spherical gas inhomogeneity

Results are presented from a series of 3D numerical simulations for shock-bubble interactions, for a spherical helium bubble in air or nitrogen initially at atmospheric pressure (A≈ -0.75), accelerated by a planar shock wave of Mach number M = 1.45, 2.08, or 2.95. The simulations are carried out using a multifluid, adaptive Eulerian Godunov code at a fine-grid resolution of R 100. The computed solutions clearly resolve well-known shock refraction and vortex formation processes. Further, distinct, counter-rotating secondary vortex rings are observed to form in the flowfield as a result of irregular shock refraction effects. The temporal development of the the bubble’s streamwise dimension and the mixing of bubble and ambient fluid are shown to collapse onto nearly self-similar trends on timescales based on a 1D gasdynamics analysis.
Abstract 2044: Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) modulates VEGF-C and VEGF-D secretion in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231

Breast cancer commonly gives rise to lymph node metastases, and it has been suggested that tumor cell migration is facilitated by the generation of new lymphatic vessels, or lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic endothelial cell hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (LYVE-1) is a hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor commonly used as a lymphatic vessel endothelial marker. LYVE-1 has been observed in a variety of breast cancer epithelial cells, and its lymphangiogenic function remains unclear. LYVE-1 has been casually linked to the vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which are well appreciated for their roles in lymphangiogenic responses. Therefore, we hypothesize that LYVE-1 may impact lymphangiogensis via a VEGF-C/VEGF-D mediated pathway. We utilized LYVE-1-targeted RNAi in MDA-231 cells followed by HA stimulation and measured production and secretion of both VEGF-C and VEGF-D by western blot and ELISA, respectively. Surprisingly, LYVE-1 knockdown resulted in elevated levels of basal VEGF-C secretion, while LYVE-1 knockdown followed by HA stimulation decreased secreted levels of VEGF-C, with no observed changes in intracellular levels when compared to their controls. Conversely, LYVE-1 knockdown displayed no significant changes in basal VEGF-D levels, although, secreted VEGF-D levels were elevated following HA stimulation. Collectively, our preliminary findings suggest that LYVE-1 modulates VEGF-C/D secretion, potentially defining a novel function for LYVE-1 in MDA-231 triple negative breast cancer epithelial cells. Citation Format: Sara Caceres, Andrew C. Little, Joel A. Yates, Rabia A. Gilani, Sofia D. Merajver. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) modulates VEGF-C and VEGF-D secretion in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2044.
A variable nonlinear splitting algorithm for reaction diffusion systems with self- and cross- diffusion

Self- and cross-diffusion are important nonlinear spatial derivative terms that are included into biological models of predator-prey interactions. Self-diffusion models overcrowding effects, while cross-diffusion incorporates the response of one species in light of the concentration of another. In this paper, a novel nonlinear operator splitting method is presented that directly incorporates both self- and cross-diffusion into a computational efficient design. The numerical analysis guarantees the accuracy and demonstrates appropriate criteria for stability. Numerical experiments display its efficiency and accuracy.
Cytopenias after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells (CAR-T) Infusion; Patterns and Outcomes

Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor treatment outcomes when treated with traditional chemoimmunotherapy. Superior outcomes have been observed with the 2 CAR-T cell products approved by the US FDA; tisagenlecleucel (CTL109) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) with 12 months overall survival rates of 49% and 59% respectively. The 2 major acute toxicities of these therapies are cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia was 78%, 43%, and 38% in patients treated with axi-cel. Little is known regarding the patterns and outcomes of these cytopenias. Here we present our preliminary experience on the patterns and outcomes of cytopenias in 32 patients who received commercially-available CAR-T cell therapy at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed all DLBCL patients receiving either CTL109 or axi-cel between January and September 2018 at our institution. All patients received a conditioning regimen of low-dose cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, followed by CAR-T infusion. Persistent cytopenias were defined as incomplete absolute neutrophil count ( The median age of patients was 59 years (range, 23-80); 63% were male, 4 patients (13%) received CTL109 and 28 (87%) received axi-cel. Twenty-two patients (69%) had a 3 month follow up imaging for assessment of response, of whom 7 patients (32%) achieved complete response (CR), 6 patients (27%) achieved partial response (PR), and 9 patients (41%) had progressive disease (PD). Persistent neutropenia was observed in 3 patients (9%), while persistent thrombocytopenia was seen in 21 cases (65%) and persistent anemia was the most common with a frequency of 72% (23/32 cases). Median time to neutrophil, platelet and Hb recoveries were 11 days (range, 5-218 days), 59.5 days (range, 4-241 days), and 76 days (range, 0-218 days), respectively. Filgrastim was used in 15 (47%) patients to facilitate neutrophil recovery. Twenty-three patients (72%) experienced neurotoxicity, of whom 11 (34%) had grade 3-4 toxicity. The frequency of CRS was 94% (29 out of 32 patients), with grade 3-4 CRS observed in 4 cases (12.5%). We observed no significant association between CRS and persistent cytopenias. In our preliminary series of 32 patients, persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia were more common than neutropenia after CAR-T cell therapy. However, most of these patients required growth factor support for neutrophil recovery. Longer duration of follow up is necessary to determine the impact of persistent cytopenias on outcomes and survival after CAR-T cell therapy.
Magazine Advertising in LIFE during World War II: Patriotism through Service, Thrift, and Utility.

Although it ceased publication decades ago, Life magazine continues to engage media scholars. The 2018 spring issue of the Journal of Magazine Media included two reviews of books dedicated to Life,...
Hsp90 of E. coli modulates assembly of FtsZ, the bacterial tubulin homolog.

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone involved in ATP-dependent client protein remodeling and activation. It also functions as a protein holdase, binding and stabilizing clients in an ATP-independent process. Hsp90 remodels over 300 client proteins and is essential for cell survival in eukaryotes. In bacteria, Hsp90 is a highly abundant protein, although very few clients have been identified and it is not essential for growth in many bacterial species. We previously demonstrated that in Escherichia coli, Hsp90 causes cell filamentation when expressed at high levels. Here, we have explored the cause of filamentation and identified a potentially important client of E. coli Hsp90 (Hsp90Ec), FtsZ. We observed that FtsZ, a bacterial tubulin homolog essential for cell division, fails to assemble into FtsZ rings (divisomes) in cells overexpressing Hsp90Ec. Additionally, Hsp90Ec interacts with FtsZ and inhibits polymerization of FtsZ in vitro, in an ATP-independent holding reaction. The FtsZ–Hsp90Ec interaction involves residues in the client-binding region of Hsp90Ec and in the C-terminal tail of FtsZ, where many cell-division proteins and regulators interact. We observed that E. coli deleted for the Hsp90Ec gene htpG turn over FtsZ more rapidly than wild-type cells. Additionally, the length of ΔhtpG cells is reduced compared to wild-type cells. Altogether, these results suggest that Hsp90Ec is a modulator of cell division, and imply that the polypeptide-holding function of Hsp90 may be a biologically important chaperone activity.
Situs Inversus: Inferior-Lateral ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction on Right-Sided Electrocardiogram

Dextrocardia is a rare anatomical anomaly in which the heart is located in the patient’s right hemithorax with its apex directed to the right. Although it usually does not pose any serious health risks, patients with undiagnosed dextrocardia present a diagnostic challenge especially in those presenting with chest pain. Traditional left-sided electrocardiograms (ECG) inadequately capture the electrical activity of a heart positioned in the right hemithorax, which if unnoticed could delay or even miss an acute coronary syndrome diagnosis. Here, we present a case of a patient with dextrocardia presenting with chest pain and diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction using a right-sided ECG.
Konstantin Pobedonostsev: chief procurator as chief parishioner

Post-Soviet scholarship has produced a plethora of new studies on Konstantin Pobedonostsev, focusing on his political “conservatism” and its current relevance. This scholarship, however, has margin...
Shoot First or Fail Deadly: Transforming US Nuclear Posture Under Eisenhower

Between 1953 and 1956 President Eisenhower directed a transformation in US nuclear posture so rapid and significant that it has never been matched. When he took office US posture—the combination of force structure and employment plans—centered on the co-mingled urban/industrial attack and counterforce missions. It was relatively relaxed, but would not remain that way for long. By 1956, Eisenhower had changed US posture from relaxed to ferocious. First, he embraced the counterforce mission through which Washington sought victory over Moscow through preemption. Second, in October 1953, he initiated the theater nuclear mission. Forward-deployed battlefield nuclear weapons in Europe would deter Soviet aggression. However, if deterrence failed war in Europe would become nuclear, and a nuclear war in Europe would probably become global. If deterrence failed, it would fail deadly. Third, by late 1956 the homeland nuclear air defenses that Eisenhower green-lit came online to mitigate the risk of nuclear attack on the US that the theater mission generated. Thus by 1956 Eisenhower’s nuclear posture combined two volatile logics: The co-mingled counterforce and urban/industrial attack missions gave Eisenhower the option of ‘shooting first’ to preempt the Soviets. And if American strength failed to deter aggression in Europe, deterrence would ‘fail deadly’ as a local conventional war rapidly escalated to theater, then global nuclear war.
Unusual Anatomic Split with Reunification of the Mid-Thigh Sciatic Nerve Utilizing Sonography

Variant sciatic nerve anatomy in the thigh occurs in about 4% of cadaveric specimens. Its significance is relevant in both clinical and surgical settings. This case describes a rare asymptomatic split with reunification of the sciatic nerve in the thigh utilizing sonography. A 27-year old male presented as a participant in a sonography research study (in preparation for publication). He was a healthy control subject without low back pain or radicular symptoms. A bilateral sonographic examination was performed to assess the sciatic nerve in the long (sagittal) and short (axial) planes. Incidentally demonstrated was a split of the sciatic nerve occurring approximately 8 cm distal to the ischial tuberosity. The finding was symmetric and bilateral. The split was maintained for 12 cm with a perpendicular epineural bridge connecting the two branches, reuniting proximal to the sciatic nerve bifurcation. Sciatic nerve variants are often described at the level of the piriformis. In contrast, there are few studies that describe variant anatomy of the sciatic nerve in the mid-thigh. Sonography provides a safe, easy, and available resource for depicting anatomic morphology of the sciatic nerve.
Cumulative average dietary pattern scores in young adulthood and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: the CARDIA study

The evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns, trends and predominant aspects of energy intake in a typical American diet and in type 2 diabetes risk is limited. Therefore, we examined the association between dietary pattern scores created to reflect the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Report, a Palaeolithic (Palaeo) diet, a diet high in ‘empty calories’, and the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) (cohort reference) and type 2 diabetes risk over time. We carried out a prospective analysis of 4719 young adult black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with repeated dietary histories collected at study years 0, 7 and 20. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we examined the association between time-dependent cumulative average dietary pattern scores and incident type 2 diabetes. During the 30 year follow-up period, 680 (14.4%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. There was no association between the 2015 DGA, Palaeo or empty calorie scores and type 2 diabetes risk in the overall population. Participants in the fourth quartile of the APDQS, reflecting a more healthful dietary pattern, had a 45% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile (HR 0.55 [95% CI 0.41, 0.74]). In stratified analyses there was an inverse association for the 2015 DGA in non-smokers per SD (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74, 0.99]) and an inverse association for the empty calorie score in white women (HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60, 0.96]) as well as in a subgroup analysis of the Palaeo index of participants who maintained a high score over 20 years (per SD, HR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39, 0.88]). Higher levels of the APDQS, which largely aligns with the 2015 DGA, were strongly inversely associated with 30 year type 2 diabetes risk in the CARDIA cohort; the results from the other patterns were nuanced and need to be considered in the context of the study and potential biases.
Various Manifestations of 5-Fluorouracil Cardiotoxicity: A Multicenter Case Series and Review of Literature

5-Fluorouracil is a key element to the treatment of colon cancer. But it is also one of the most cardiotoxic chemotherapies, and the management of those that experience cardiotoxicity can be challenging. We present three cases of 5-FU cardiac toxicity that manifested as myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and ventricular fibrillation. Additionally, we discuss the current literature regarding 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity mechanisms as well as management.