cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Rotating Coarse Particle Sampler

A new portable sampler for collecting coarse particles larger than about 30 μm is described. This rotating coarse particle sampling probe consists of an L-shaped sample probe that is rotated at a known angular velocity such that the probe tip speed is greatly in excess of characteristic ambient wind speeds. The air suction speed through the probe is matched to the probe tip speed, thereby effecting isokinetic sampling conditions. In the prototype design, sample rates of up to 1.3 m3/min (47 ft3/min) are possible, and particles are collected by inertial deposition in the elbow near the probe entrance. Comparisons with independent measurement techniques show that particles up to 250 μm were sampled with 100% efficiency by the new sampler. Particles smaller than about 35 μm were not efficiently collected by inertial deposition in the elbow. This sampler can be applied to studies of coarse particle behavior in the atmosphere. Also, this sampling concept could be extended to other difficult coarse particle sam...
Point-projection imaging of macromolecular contours

SUMMARY A point-projection microscope is described which uses an electric field of several volts per nanometre to generate ions from a layer of benzene condensed in high vacuum on to the apex of a cryogenically cooled field-emitter tip. Clusters of ferritin (a spherical protein molecule) embedded in the layer, have been imaged by exposing their contours during controlled field-desorption. Image contrast is high. A magnification of 2 times 105 has been achieved at a spatial resolution estimated to be better than 3 nm. Three-dimensional reconstructions of cluster morphology from a series of molecular contours are in qualitative agreement with transmission-electron micrographs of the ferritin covered emitter apex. Reproducibility of the cluster contours, and TEM images of the apex before and after imaging suggest that the imaging procedure is nondestructive.
Use of Digitized Speech Materials in Audiological Research

An error in the figure Legend for Figure 4 (page 716) of the article "Use of Digitized Speech Materials in Audiological Research" by Candace Kamm, Ph.D., in the JSHR December 1980 issue has been fo...
The effects of a suspended-load backpack on gait.

A suspended-load backpack is a device that is designed to capture the mechanical energy created as a suspended backpack load oscillates vertically on the back during gait. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a suspended-load backpack system on selected temporal and kinetics parameters describing gait. Nine male participants carried a suspended-load backpack as they walked on an instrumented treadmill with varied levels of load (no backpack, 22.5 kg, and 29.3 kg) and walking speed (1.16 m/s, 1.43 m/s, 1.70 m/s). As the participants performed this treadmill task, ground reaction forces were collected from an instrumented treadmill system. From these data, temporal variables (cycle time, single support time, and double support time) and kinetic variables (normalized weight acceptance force, normalized push-off force, and normalized mid-stance force) were derived. The results showed that the response of the temporal variables were consistent with previous studies of conventional (i.e. stable load) backpacks. The response of the normalized push-off force, however, showed that increasing walking speed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the magnitude of this force, a result contrary to the literature concerning conventional backpacks where this force has been shown to significantly increase. Further evaluation revealed that this reduction in force was the result of a phase shift between the movement of the carried load and the movement of the torso. This suggests that the motion of the load in a suspended-load backpack influences the gait biomechanics and should be considered as this technology advances.
Pelvic umbrella pack for refractory obstetric hemorrhage secondary to posterior uterine rupture

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pelvic hemorrhage continues to be a serious complication of pregnancy and can lead to significant maternal morbidity. The pelvic umbrella pack is a useful alternative to control pelvic bleeding when standard measures fail. CASE: A patient with a previous low transverse cesarean delivery presented in active labor at term. After an uneventful vaginal delivery, defects in the posterior vaginal wall and lower uterine segment were identified. A hysterectomy with repair of the vaginal laceration was performed, but diffuse bleeding persisted. After routine surgical techniques failed to achieve adequate hemostasis, a pelvic umbrella pack was successfully used to tamponade pelvic bleeding. CONCLUSION: In the event of continued hemorrhage after hysterectomy, bleeding that is uncontrolled by surgical intervention may be controlled with a pelvic umbrella pack.
Correlation of Biochemical Properties with the Oligomeric State of Human Rad52 Protein

The human Rad52 protein self-associates to form ring-shaped oligomers, as well as higher order complexes of these rings. We have shown previously that there are two experimentally separable self-association domains in HsRad52, one in the N terminus (residues 1-192) responsible for assembly of individual subunits into rings, and one in the C terminus (residues 218-418) responsible for higher order oligomerization of rings. Earlier studies suggest that the higher order complexes promote DNA end-joining, and others suggest that these complexes are relevant to in vivo Rad52 function. In this study we demonstrate that although inherent binding to single-stranded DNA depends on neither higher order complexes of Rad52 rings nor the ring-shaped oligomers themselves, higher order complexes are important for activities involving simultaneous interaction with more than one DNA molecule. This provides biochemical support for what may be an important in vivo function of Rad52.
Continuous renal replacement therapy to reduce inflammation in a piglet hemorrhage–reperfusion extracorporeal membrane oxygenation model

Continuous renal replacement therapy to reduce inflammation in a piglet hemorrhage–reperfusion extracorporeal membrane oxygenation model
Themes and issues in sociological theories of human aging.

A review of the current status of sociological theory in regard to human aging indicates some important and promising developments. The confirmation status of theory in social gerontology is improving
Proteolytic enzyme activity during early development of the starfish, Asterias forbesii.

Abstract Starfish eggs were assayed for proteolytic enzyme activity prior to germinal vesicle breakdown, after breakdown, before fertilization, and 4 times after the elevation of the fertilization membrane. The results indicate that a higher enzymatic activity is present in the primary oocyte than in oocytes that have already initiated the maturation divisions. When compared to unfertilized controls, no increase in enzymatic activity was detected subsequent to the elevation of the fertilization membrane or the fusion of the pronuclei. These results suggest that increased protease activity is not a programmed response to fertilization in the starfish, but may be correlated with the activation of protein synthesis at the time of the germinal vesicle breakdown.
A reducing environment stabilizes HIF-2α in SH-SY5Y cells under hypoxic conditions

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) is important for the cellular response to hypoxia. However, it is not clear how HIF-2 is regulated under hypoxic conditions. We investigated kinetic changes in redox status and HIF-2α accumulation in hypoxic SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia caused a reducing environment and increased HIF-2α protein levels. Experiments with redox modulations (N-acetylcysteine and l -buthionine sulfoximine) confirmed that a reducing environment induced HIF-2α accumulation while an oxidizing environment decreased it. In addition, experiments with SOD mimic, catalase, and exogenous H2O2 provided evidence that the presence of H2O2 down-regulated the amount of HIF-2α protein. This study offers novel evidence supporting redox status regulation of HIF-2α accumulation under hypoxic conditions.
Androgens regulate the sexually dimorphic production of co-contained galanin and cholecystokinin in lumbar laminae VII and X neurons

A population of rat lumbar laminae VII and X putative spinothalamic (STT) neurons that co-contain cholecystokinin-8 (CCK) and galanin (GAL) are sexually dimorphic. Males have a significantly greater number of these neurons, as well as having greater optical densities for both neuropeptides than females. Optical densities for GAL and CCK immunoreactivities in these lumbar neurons in rats that have the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) are not significantly different from females; however, the number of these lumbar neurons in Tfm rats is significantly smaller than in females. These data suggest that androgens, as well as functional androgen receptors (that Tfm rats lack), are necessary for the establishment of these sexual dimorphisms. Functionally, these CCK- and GAL-containing neurons in the deep lumbar laminae may contribute to the establishment of known sex differences in the affective component of somatic and visceral nociception, as well as the sexually dimorphic nature of some pelvic diseases, e.g., irritable bowel syndrome or cystitis.
Nonthermal Plasma Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide

The high cost of a currently available selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process is driving R&D efforts toward finding alternative technologies to remediate NO emissions from utility boilers. A h...
Frequency of coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction in cocaine users

To evaluate the spectrum of coronary artery disease (CAD) in cocaine users, coronary angiograms obtained from 33 patients (26 men [79%] and 7 women [21%], mean age 37 years) with history of cocaine use and cardiac symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical indications for coronary angiograms included chest pain (n = 28), congestive failure (n = 4) and complete heart block (n = 1). Coronary angiograms were reviewed independently by 2 angiographers unaware of patient's clinical status. Thirteen patients (40%) had normal coronary angiograms, and 20 (60%) had CAD; 7 (21%) had mild CAD (less than or equal to 70% diameter stenosis), and 13 (40%) had significant CAD (greater than 70% diameter stenosis). Of 13 patients with significant CAD, 7 had 1-vessel, 4 had 2-vessel and 2 had 3-vessel CAD. There was enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction in 12 of 33 patients (36%); all 12 had CAD (10 with significant and 2 with mild CAD). Mean age and number of risk factors (serum total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, and obesity) in patients with CAD (mild or significant) and with normal coronary angiograms were not statistically different. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in 15 patients (45%) and depressed in 18 (55%). All patients with CAD and low ejection fractions (n = 12) had regional wall motion abnormalities, whereas all those with normal coronary arteries and low ejection fraction (n = 6) had global hypokinesia.
Petrographic Approach for Study of Ancient Potash Evaporites, Salado Formation (Permian), New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Petrographic analysis of a potash evaporite, the Salado Formation (Permian) of New Mexico and Texas, has allowed distinction of primary sedimentary features, from metamorphic alteration "overprints." Primary sedimentary textures in laminated anhydrite, thin-bedded halite, and muddy halite include vertical growth structures (gypsum "swallowtails" and "chevron" halite), incorporative and displacive intrasediment growth of gypsum, halite, and glauberite, carbonate-gypsum and gypsum-halite couplets, and gypsum wave ripples. The Salado primary chemical and depositional environment, interpreted by comparison with similar features from modern evaporite environments, is a salt pan up to halite saturation alternating with a perennial brine body stage at gypsum and sometimes halite saturation. A complex diagenetic-metamorphic history has imparted a secondary alteration overprint on the Salado salts. Halite has recrystallized; gypsum has dehydrated to anhydrite, reacted with brine to form polyhalite, or dissolved, leaving a void now occupied by halite or sylvite. Formation of new minerals, the most important being sylvite, carnallite, langbeinite, and kieserite, has occurred as displacive or incorporative intrasediment growth (langbeinite), or as void filling cement (sylvite, carnallite). Further alteration is recorded as reaction of brine with langbeinite to form kieserite, kainite, leonite, and bloedite. From their observed distribution, texture, and mineralogy, and by comparison with experimental data, secondary features in the Salado are interpreted to have resulted from the subsurface migration of alien, non-seawater composition brines at elevated temperatures. End_of_Article - Last_Page 597------------
An urban university's ecological footprint and the effect of climate change

Abstract Ecological footprint analysis (EFA) has been used since the early 1990s as a measure of sustainability for geographical regions, products, and activities. EFA is used as a measure of land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources for a given population and process the waste that it produces in a globalized metric (global hectares), generally on an annual basis. As institutions seek ways to become more sustainable they have used a variety of metrics, ranking systems, and indicators to evaluate their baseline and progress towards those goals. An EFA for a large urban public university, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), was calculated as 97,601 global hectares (2.66 global hectares per total faculty, staff and students). The breakdown of sources is energy for the built environment (73%), transportation and commuting (13%), materials and waste (12%), and food (3%). UIC's ecological footprint to actual landprint ratio has a value of 1005 which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the other campuses that have performed EFAs. This is an indicator of the urban nature of the campus since the land resources in an urban environment are limited and the activities tend to be denser. A sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of climate change events on the footprint indicated that, if all other factors are held constant, climate change will increase the ecological footprint of UIC.
AFM for analysis of structure and dynamics of DNA and protein-DNA complexes

This paper describes protocols for studies of structure and dynamics of DNA and protein-DNA complexes with AFM utilizing the surface chemistry approach. The necessary specifics for the preparation of functionalized surfaces and AFM probes with the use of silanes and silatranes, including the protocols for synthesis of silatranes are provided. The methodology of studies of local and global conformations DNA with the major focus on the time-lapse imaging of DNA in aqueous solutions is illustrated by the study of dynamics of Holliday junctions including branch migration. The analysis of nucleosome dynamics is selected as an example to illustrate the application of the time-lapse AFM to studies of dynamics of protein-DNA complexes. The force spectroscopy is the modality of AFM with a great importance to various fields of biomedical studies. The AFM force spectroscopy approach for studies of specific protein-DNA complexes is illustrated by the data on analysis of dynamics of synaptic SfiI-DNA complexes. When necessary, additional specifics are added to the corresponding example.
Comparison of Speciation Sampler and PC-BOSS Fine Particulate Matter Organic Material Results Obtained in Lindon, Utah, during Winter 2001–2002

Abstract The Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) has been previously verified as being capable of measuring total fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including semi-volatile species. The present study was conducted to determine if the simple modification of a commercial speciation sampler with a charcoal denuder followed by a filter pack containing a quartz filter and a charcoal-impregnated glass (CIG) fiber filter would allow for the measurement of total PM2.5, including semi-volatile organic material. Data were collected using an RP an RP a Met One spiral aerosol speciation sampler (SASS); and the PC-BOSS from November 2001 to March 2002 at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) sampling site in Lindon, UT. Total PM2.5 mass, ammoniu...
Interphase structure–property relationships in thermoset dimethacrylate nanocomposites☆

Abstract Objectives The aim of this research was to better understand the relationships between interphase composition and the resultant mechanical properties of thermoset methacrylate nanocomposites, ultimately for the purpose of improving the properties of dental restorative materials through manipulation of the interphase. Methods Silica nanoparticles were silanized with three different silanes and blends of those silanes to generate six different interphase compositions. The silanes varied in their relative polarity, flexibility, and reactivity towards photo-polymerization. Composites containing 60% by mass of the silanized fillers were prepared and analyzed for uncured paste handling characteristics, vinyl conversion, biaxial flexure strength (BFS), modulus, and Knoop hardness. Results Dual silanization of the fillers improved the handling characteristics of the uncured composite pastes compared to those containing fillers silanized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. To obtain high BFS, functional groups reactive in free radical polymerization were needed in the composite interphase, but a high concentration of those groups was not necessary. Moduli were highest for composites with interphases that contained styrylethyltrimethoxysilane, a reactive aromatic silane. The hardness values of the composites with reactive interphases were all comparable. Methacrylate conversion was only modestly influenced by silane interphase composition. Significance This study suggests that dual silanization is a practical method for improving the handling characteristics of uncured dental restorative nanocomposites while maintaining or improving the mechanical properties of the cured composites.
Gas carburizing of steel with furnace atmospheres formedIn Situ from propane and air: Part I. The effect of air-propane ratio on furnace atmosphere composition and the amount of carburizing

Gas carburizing experiments were conducted in a batch-type sealed quenched furnace at 843 and 927 °C using furnace atmospheres produced by reacting propane and air within the furnace chamber. With low, constant gas flow rates it is shown that the amount of carburizing varies regularly with air-propane ratio. Furnace atmosphere composition was monitored as a function of temperature and air-propane ratio and compared with the composition expected at thermodynamic equilibrium.
Characterization of a Novel Class of Polyphenolic Inhibitors of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, (PAI-1) the primary inhibitor of the tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators, has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Currently available small-molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 bind with relatively low affinity and do not inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of its cofactor, vitronectin. To search for novel PAI-1 inhibitors with improved potencies and new mechanisms of action, we screened a library selected to provide a range of biological activities and structural diversity. Five potential PAI-1 inhibitors were identified, and all were polyphenolic compounds including two related, naturally occurring plant polyphenols that were structurally similar to compounds previously shown to provide cardiovascular benefit in vivo. Unique second generation compounds were synthesized and characterized, and several showed IC50 values for PAI-1 between 10 and 200 nm. This represents an enhanced potency of 10–1000-fold over previously reported PAI-1 inactivators. Inhibition of PAI-1 by these compounds was reversible, and their primary mechanism of action was to block the initial association of PAI-1 with a protease. Consistent with this mechanism and in contrast to previously described PAI-1 inactivators, these compounds inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of vitronectin. Two of the compounds showed efficacy in ex vivo plasma and one blocked PAI-1 activity in vivo in mice. These data describe a novel family of high affinity PAI-1-inactivating compounds with improved characteristics and in vivo efficacy, and suggest that the known cardiovascular benefits of dietary polyphenols may derive in part from their inactivation of PAI-1.
Thein VivoRegulation of Pioneer Axon Growth by FGF-2 and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Cultured Embryos of the Cockroach

Antibody perturbation experiments on cultured cockroach embryos demonstrated that a localized source of an FGF-2-like immunoreactive molecule in the head is required for the proper growth of pioneer axons in the leg. The study of axon growth in various fragments of cultured embryos and in the presence of various conditioned media showed that FGF-2 is needed to counteract the effects of an inhibitor of axon growth produced in the body trunk of the embryo. Endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate these effects of FGF-2 on axon growth. The results of experiments with FGF-2 and/or body trunk axon growth inhibitor added to the culture medium indicate that more globally and uniformly distributed molecules may play as important a role in axon guidance as the more spatially restricted guidance cues. The results are interpreted in terms of a model that is consistent with a role for the FGF-2 receptor in axon growth.
Catalase alleviates cardiomyocyte dysfunction in diabetes: role of Akt, Forkhead transcriptional factor and silent information regulator 2

Abstract Oxidative stress has been speculated to play an essential role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to examine the effect of the antioxidant catalase on diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction and the cellular mechanisms involved. Adult wild-type (FVB) and transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase were made diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 220 mg/kg; i.p., maintained for two weeks). Cardiomyocyte contractile properties were evaluated including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-relengthening (TR 90 ), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (± dL/dt), intracellular Ca 2+ level and decay rate. STZ depressed − dL/dt, prolonged TPS and TR 90 , elevated resting intracellular Ca 2+ level and reduced intracellular Ca 2+ decay in FVB myocytes. While catalase exhibited little effect on contractile and intracellular Ca 2+ properties in control myocytes, it negated diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte mechanical abnormalities. Diabetic myocytes exhibited enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, which were alleviated by catalase. Western blot analysis revealed that diabetes reduced Akt phosphorylation, enhanced the silent information regulator 2 (Sirt2), and upregulated Forkhead transcriptional factor Foxo3a as well as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and pGSK-3β. While catalase itself exhibited little effect on these proteins or their phosphorylation (with the exception of Sirt2), it significantly attenuated diabetes-induced alteration in pAkt, Foxo3a and Sirt2 without affecting GSK-3β. Inhibition of Sirt2 using splitomicin impaired cardiomyocyte contractile function (reduced PS, ± dL/dt, prolonged TPS and TR 90 ). In summary, our data suggest potential roles of Akt, Foxo3a and Sirt2 in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of catalase.
Informatics Challenges for the Impending Patient Information Explosion

As we move toward an era when health information is more readily accessible and transferable, there are several issues that will arise. This article addresses the challenges of information filtering, context-sensitive decision support, legal and ethical guidelines regarding obligations to obtain and use the information, aligning patient and health professionals' expectations in regard to the use and usefulness of the information, and enhancing data reliability. The authors discuss the issues and offer suggestions for addressing them.
Obesity in Preschool Children Is More Prevalent and Identified at a Younger Age When WHO Growth Charts Are Used Compared with CDC Charts

Our objective was to compare the prevalence and determinants of child obesity using the WHO child growth standards compared with the CDC growth reference. We used data from 143,787 2- to 5-y olds who participated in the Massachusetts Special Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program between 2001 and 2006. The prevalence of obesity (>95th percentile, BMI-for-age) was 23.3% when we used the WHO standards vs. 16.9% using the CDC reference; for obesity plus overweight (>85th percentile), the prevalence was 42.2 vs. 33.8%, respectively. The difference between the prevalence estimates was greatest at 24-36 mo of age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that child obesity (based on the WHO standards) was more common in boys, Hispanics, children of less educated mothers, and those born to obese mothers. These results confirm that the prevalence of child obesity is higher according to the WHO standards and indicate that the WHO charts allow for a more timely detection of obesity in childhood.
Photoionization Cross‐Section for δ‐Shell Deep Levels

A δ-shell model is presented of deep impurities in semiconductors as a simple but effective extension of the well-known δ-function model of Lucovsky, in order to address the problem of fairly sharp photo-ionization spectra. Whereas Lucovsky treated only the photo-ionization of electrons from s-like impurity states to the conduction band (forbidden transitions), this paper considers also the photo-ionization of holes to the valence band (allowed transitions). The new δ-shell model gives an improved fit to experimental photo-ionization data. It can be used to determine the range of the deep impurity potential as well as the binding energy, and can help to determine the nature of the photoionized charge (electron/hole).
Reliable transmission of security-enabled multimedia over the Internet

In this paper we address the reliable transmission of security-enabled multimedia data over the internet which is becoming increasingly vulnerable to a variety of cyber-attacks. Due to their real-timeliness aspect, multimedia data in internet mostly uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as the transport media as opposed to the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). UDP is inherently an unreliable transport media that results in certain unacknowledged packet losses. Multimedia applications usually can tolerate some packet losses for its rendering at the receiver side. But, for the security-enhanced multimedia that we are talking about, reliability of reception of most of the packets within a certain tolerance time need to be guaranteed. This is where we come in with a new protocol that ensures packet-level reliability as well as stream-level authentication of multimedia.
Infants' Attribution of a Goal to a Morphologically Unfamiliar Agent.

How do infants identify the psychological actors in their environments? Three groups of 12-month-old infants were tested for their willingness to encode a simple approach behavior as goal-directed as a function of whether it was performed by (1) a human hand, (2) a morphologically unfamiliar green object that interacted with a confederate and behaved intentionally, or (3) the same unfamiliar green object that behaved in a matched, but apparently random manner. Using a visual habituation technique, only infants in the first two conditions were found to encode the approach behavior as goal-directed. Thus infants appear able to attribute goals to non-human, even unfamiliar agents. These results imply that by the end of the first year of life infants have a broad notion of what counts as an agent that cannot easily be reduced to humans, objects that are perceptually similar to humans, or objects that display self-propulsion.
Learning While Teaching A Case Study of Beginning Special Educators Completing a Master of Arts in Teaching

In this article, the author details the findings of a study of completers during their last semester of a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) program in special education. The purpose of this multiple...
The Influence of Level of Discrepancy on the Identification of Students With Learning Disabilities

This study investigated the relationship between a statistically determined severe discrepancy between expected and actual achievement levels and subsequent labeling of students with learning disabilities. Subjects were 733 students referred for possible special education services. The results demonstrate that while a slight majority of students who were determined to have learning disabilities manifested a severe discrepancy, much evidence exists to indicate that this criterion is inconsistently applied in making eligibility decisions. The implications of these findings for current practice are discussed.
Processes controlling seasonality and spatial distribution of Centropages typicus: a modeling study in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region

Copepod populations in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region are dominated by warm water species in late summer/autumn, which are specifically adapted to lower food conditions and higher temperatures and metabolic costs. Better knowledge of their physiological processes and behavior is needed to estimate the impact of changes in environmental conditions on their seasonality and spatial distribution. We investigated the population dynamics of the warm water species Centropages typicus in this region using a copepod population model coupled with a three-dimensional ecosystem model. Although growth and development of copepods are well-investigated processes and well represented in population models, the importance of other life-history traits (e.g. cannibalism, feeding and migration strategies) and their impact on seasonal dynamics and spatial distributions are recognized but difficult to quantify. In this study, species-specific life-history traits were included to investigate their influence on the spatio-temporal patterns. The results confirmed our assumption that cannibalism is a possible constraint controlling the abundances on Georges Bank. Omnivorous feeding by C. typicus on both phytoplankton and microzooplankton is important for maintaining the population in the deeper basins, while vertical aggregation in zones of high-food concentration is a secondary mechanism sustaining the population in low-food seasons. Finally, advective influx from the upstream region on the Scotian Shelf is critical in sustaining the Gulf of Maine population.
Using mobile GPU for general-purpose computing – a case study of face recognition on smartphones

As GPU becomes an integrated component in handheld devices like smartphones, we have been investigating the opportunities and limitations of utilizing the ultra-low-power GPU in a mobile platform as a general-purpose accelerator, similar to its role in desktop and server platforms. The special focus of our investigation has been on mobile GPU's role for energy-optimized real-time applications running on battery-powered handheld devices. In this work, we use face recognition as an application driver for our study. Our implementations on a smartphone reveals that, utilizing the mobile GPU as a co-processor can achieve significant speedup in performance as well as substantial reduction in total energy consumption, in comparison with a mobile-CPU-only implementation on the same platform.
What is a performance outlier

Healthcare performance measurement is a complex undertaking, often presenting a number of potential alternative approaches and methodological nuances. Important considerations include richness and quality of data sources; data completeness; choice of metrics and target population; sample size; patient- and provider-level data collection periods; risk adjustment; statistical methodology (eg, logistic regression vs hierarchical models); model performance, reliability and validity; and classification of outliers. Given these many considerations, as well as the absence of nationally accepted standards for provider profiling, it is not surprising that different rating organisations and methodologies may produce divergent results for the same hospitals.1–6 Outlier classification, the last step in the measurement process, has particularly important ramifications. For patients, it may lead them to choose or avoid a particular provider. For providers, outlier status may positively or negatively impact referrals and reimbursement, and may influence how scarce hospital resources are deployed to address putative areas of concern. Misclassification is probably more common than generally appreciated. For example, partitioning of hospitals (eg, terciles, quartiles, quintiles, deciles) to determine outliers may lead to excessive false positives—hospitals labelled as having above or below average performance when, in fact, their results do not differ significantly from the mean based on appropriate statistical tests.7 ,8 In this issue, Paddock et al 9 address a seemingly straightforward question—what precisely does it mean to be a performance outlier? Using Hospital Compare data, the authors demonstrate an apparently contradictory finding. When directly compared one to another, some individual hospitals in a given performance tier may not be statistically significantly different than individual hospitals in adjacent tiers, even when those tier assignments were made using appropriate tests of statistical significance. For instance, Paddock et al 9 show that for each bottom-tier hospital, there was at least one mid-tier hospital with statistically indistinguishable performance. Among …
Development of an ultra-wideband elliptical disc planar monopole antenna with improved omni-directional performance using a modified ground

A planar monopole antenna has many attractive features such as a simple structure, exhibition of ultra-wideband characteristics, and a near omni-directional radiation pattern (J. Liang et al., 2004 - Z.N. Low et al., 2005). However, the ability to sustain an omni-directional pattern over ultra-wide band has not been adequately addressed in the literature up until now. The use of a modified ground plane can aid in providing such a feature.
Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations

Artificial propagation of salmonid fish has a long and varied history (Gall and Crandell, 1992) with both its critics and its proponents. However, most criticism has not been particularly constructive due to a lack of appreciation or knowledge by the critics of the hatchery programs or their objectives.
Roswell Colt: Entrepreneurship in the Early Republic

Roswell Colt of Paterson, New Jersey came of age during the Early Republic. A successful entrepreneur, he invested in a variety of projects including the once moribund Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), a public/private company organized by Alexander Hamilton and his associates to promote the industrial development of Paterson, a new town built along the Passaic River. Where Hamilton failed, Colt succeeded. The S.U.M. became the cornerstone of his successful business career. His economic portfolio was diverse; he invested in railroads, textile mills, weapons factories, real estate, salt works, and banks. He mingled with politicians such as Daniel Webster, served as an economic and political advisor to Nicholas Biddle and his cousin, Samuel Colt, and dined with Philip Hone. He felt at home in Paterson, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. His personality, values, instincts and economic strategies fit in well with the emerging market economy.
Multimodal Sensory Input in the Utricle and Lateral Line of the Toadfish, Opsanus tau

The utricular otolith and the mechanosensory lateral line of the toadfish, Opsanus tau, were investigated for sensitivity to multimodal sensory input by recording neural activity from free swimming fish. The utricle was sensitive to horizontal body movement, and displayed broad sensitivity to low frequency (80–200 Hz) sound. The lateral line was sensitive to water currents, swimming, prey movements, and sound with maximal sensitivity at 100 Hz. Both systems showed directional sensitivity to pure tones and toadfish vocalizations, indicating potential for sound localization. Thus, toadfish possess two hair cell based sensory systems that integrate information from disparate sources. However, swimming movements or predation strikes can saturate each system and it is unclear the effect that self-generated movement has on sensitivity. It is hypothesized that the toadfish’s strategy of short distance swim movements allows it to sample the acoustical environment while static. Further study is needed to determine the integration of the two systems and if they are able to segregate and/or integrate multimodal sensory input.
College Republicans and Conservative Social Identity

Through participant-observation and interviews, I explore the conservative social identity of College Republicans at a midsize, midtier public university in the United States. Using the concepts of repertoires and frames, I analyze how individuals make claims to political social identities. Specifically, I show that symbolic appeals to the free market were an essential aspect of the conservative repertoire at my field site. Furthermore, the shifting and contradictory frames used by the College Republicans in this study demonstrate that their discursive political practices were not primarily about policy preferences; they were about affirming a conservative social identity. Understanding how stated policy preferences and identity intertwine in everyday political talk has important implications for American democracy.
Dual Economy, Dual Labor, and Dogmatic Marxism: Reply to Morrissey

In commenting on our article, Morrissey raises two objections. First, she points to an "underlying conceptual inadequacy" in our work, and second, to a problem inherent in the particular method we chose to investigate a set of theoretical questions. We will address both of these issues and, in addition, provide our own critique of the previous work on the basis of rethinking some of the issues which we originally raised.
Fruit-acceptance Pattern of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies from Different Geographic Regions

In laboratory assays, we compared individual Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) females from infested apples from Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Oregon for propensity to accept (i.e., attempt ovipositor boring into) host (hawthorn, apple, and pear) and nonhost fruit (blueberry and tomato). Fruit acceptance was essentially identical for flies from each geographic region. Almost without exception, hawthorn was accepted to a significantly greater degree and pear to a significantly lesser degree than blueberry, tomato, or apple, among which there were no significant differences. This rank of fruit acceptability likewise held true when Massachusetts R. pomonella females were assayed individually on a field-caged host tree. The relevance of these findings to the host-selection process of females and to the degree to which these five fruit species might be used as hosts in nature or commercial plantings is discussed.
Note on the Population of Formica Exsectoides

The recent paper by Cory and Haviland (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. xxxi, 50, 1938) may perhaps be made the basis of a little closer estimate by considering that the contents of each nest is probably roughly in proportion to the cube of a dimension (in this case the height).
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for volatile sex pheromones in Parcoblatta wood cockroaches.

Species within the cockroach genus Parcoblatta are sexually dimorphic for wing length; females have reduced wings and are flightless, while males have long wings that are used in flight. We predicted that Parcoblatta females would release a volatile sex pheromone to attract the more mobile males. Nymphs of the broad wood cockroach, P. lata, and the Caudell's wood cockroach, P. caudelli, were collected in forested areas in North Carolina, USA, and reared in the laboratory for observations of sexual behavior and for pheromone analysis. After several days of sexual maturation, virgin females of both species exhibited distinct calling behaviors. In females of P. lata, calling commenced 6 days after adult emergence. Under a light–dark photoperiod regime, calling behavior in both species was restricted to the scotophase. Calling consisted of a repeated pattern of raising and lowering the abdomen with occasional exposure of the genital vestibulum. To test whether calling behavior is associated with the release of pheromone, volatiles from calling and noncalling females were collected on Super-Q and tested by electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral assays. Volatile collections from calling females elicited higher male-specific EAG responses than collections from noncalling females of the same physiological stage. In an olfactometer choice test (Y-tube), males preferred volatiles from calling females over those from noncalling females. To determine the anatomical source of the pheromone, solvent extracts of various body parts were analyzed by EAG. The first through seventh tergites were the only body parts that elicited male-specific EAG responses in both species. In P. lata, the activity of the extract increased from 1- to 7-day-old females, but was lower in mated than in virgin females of the same age. The putative pheromone gland appears to consist of numerous class-3 secretory units, each composed of a secretory cell connected to a cuticular pore via a tubular duct. We conclude that female P. lata and P. caudelli produce sex-specific volatile pheromones that are emitted during calling behavior.
Emerging vs Time-Tested Methods of Facial Grading Among Patients With Facial Paralysis

ImportanceMost rehabilitation specialists and many facial reanimation surgeons use the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (FGS) to measure and detect changes in facial function. The eFACE, an electro...
INVESTIGATION ON DISINFECTION QUALITY OF NURSERIES AND KINDERGARTENS INSTITUTES IN A DISTRICT OF BEIJING

Objective To know the disinfection quality of nurseries and kindergartens institutes of Beijing Chaoyang District,and to strengthen the sanitation management.Methods On-the-spot sampling investigation method was used to monitor the disinfection quality of indoor air,surfaces of objects and staff hands in nurseries and kindergartens institutes of the district.Results From 2005 to 2009,4 463 samples of nurseries and kindergartens institutes in the district were collected.The total pass rate of disinfection monitoring was 91.82%,and that of indoor air,surfaces of objects and staff hands was 96.35%,87.36% and 75.96% respectively.The total pass rate of tableware was 95.93%.Conclusion The daily sanitation and disinfection of nurseries and kindergartens institutes in the district is good.However,the disinfection quality of staff hands is more lower than others,which need for further supervision and management.
Critical role of toxicologic pathology in a short-term screen for carcinogenicity

Carcinogenic potential of chemicals is currently evaluated using a two year bioassay in rodents. Numerous difficulties are known for this assay, most notably, the lack of information regarding detailed dose response and human relevance of any positive findings. A screen for carcinogenic activity has been proposed based on a 90 day screening assay. Chemicals are first evaluated for proliferative activity in various tissues. If negative, lack of carcinogenic activity can be concluded. If positive, additional evaluation for DNA reactivity, immunosuppression, and estrogenic activity are evaluated. If these are negative, additional efforts are made to determine specific modes of action in the animal model, with a detailed evaluation of the potential relevance to humans. Applications of this approach are presented for liver and urinary bladder. Toxicologic pathology is critical for all of these evaluations, including a detailed histopathologic evaluation of the 90 day assay, immunohistochemical analyses for labeling index, and involvement in a detailed mode of action analysis. Additionally, the toxicologic pathologist needs to be involved with molecular evaluations and evaluations of new molecularly developed animal models. The toxicologic pathologist is uniquely qualified to provide the expertise needed for these evaluations.
Yes, structurally low turnout favors the right

ABSTRACTIt is well known that socioeconomically disadvantaged citizens tend to vote less than other citizens. Does this cause democratic politics to systematically favor conservative causes? Surprisingly, the conventional wisdom in a very large scholarly literature says “no.” Whether turnout is high or low, according to numerous studies, makes no substantive difference on political outcomes. This article refutes the scholarly conventional wisdom on theoretical and empirical grounds. It points out that the evidence marshaled in the mainstream turnout debate focuses almost exclusively on partisan vote shares as the dependent variable and “nonstructural” variation in turnout. Unfortunately, many studies do not consider the policy consequences of turnout, a more substantively interesting variable for studying patterns of disadvantage that may result from unequal voting rates. Moreover, conventional research designs do not distinguish between structural changes in turnout caused by legal changes to the voting ...
1988: The Adam Smith Address on the Structure of an Economy: a Re-Emphasis of Some Classical Foundations

To those of us who share the view expressed so well by Adam Smith in my frontispiece citation, there is both “good news” and “bad news” in the global political economy of 1988. The “good news” is reflected in the developing recognition that centrally planned economies everywhere remain glaringly inefficient, a recognition that has been accompanied by efforts to make major changes in internal incentive structures. More extensively, throughout the developed and the developing world of nations, the rhetoric of privatization in the 1980s has, occasionally, been translated into reality.
Engineering Time and Space with the Global Fiber Optics Industry

Fiber optics forms the pivotal telecommunications technology of the contemporary global economy, offering greater speed and security than other modes. This chapter reviews the historical development of this communications mode. It then views its rapid growth within the context of contemporary globalization. Fiber’s role in contemporary urban restructuring is noted. The paper then turns to the spatial distribution of the world’s fiber lines, noting major trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific markets and newer systems. The enormous construction boom of the 1990s and early 2000s, however, led to severe overcapacity, with significant economic fallout.