cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Text as Neural Operator: Image Manipulation by Text Instruction

In recent years, text-guided image manipulation has gained increasing attention in the image generation research field. Recent works have proposed to deal with a simplified setting where the input image only has a single object and the text modification is acquired by swapping image captions or labels. In this paper, we study a setting that allows users to edit an image with multiple objects using complex text instructions. In this image generation task, the inputs are a reference image and an instruction in natural language that describes desired modifications to the input image. We propose a GAN-based method to tackle this problem. The key idea is to treat text as neural operators to locally modify the image feature. We show that the proposed model performs favorably against recent baselines on three public datasets.
A new waveform analysis technique to extract good energy and position resolution from a dual-axis duo-lateral position-sensitive detector

Abstract The dual-axis duo-lateral position-sensitive silicon detector was developed to detect charged particles with high quality position and energy resolution. When these detectors were used with conventional signal processing electronics, an empirically determined correction was used to improve energy resolution. In this work, the waveforms from the detector after preamplification are studied in detail to investigate position information contained in the waveforms. A 7.22 MeV/nucleon alpha particle beam was impinged directly on a masked dual-axis duo-lateral detector. Data obtained using a 228Th alpha particle source was also used. By studying the waveform characteristics that give rise to the position-dependent distortions, a new summed trigger analysis method has been developed to significantly improve linearity in position reconstruction without sacrificing energy resolution.
Ligand substitution and electronic structure studies of bis(phosphine)cobalt cyclooctadiene precatalysts for alkene hydrogenation

Diene self-exchange reactions of the 17-electron, formally cobalt(0) cyclooctadienyl precatalyst, (R,R)-(iPrDuPhos)Co(COD) (P2CoCOD, (R,R)-iPrDuPhos = 1,2-bis((2R,5R)-2,5-diisopropylphospholano)ben...
Tumor cell killing by macrophages activated in vitro with lymphocyte mediators. I. Development of a short term in vitro microcytotoxicity assay.

Abstract We describe a short term in vitro microcytotoxicity assay to study the killing by macrophages of adhering tumor cells prelabeled with [ 3 H]proline. With this assay, killing of line 1 hepatoma cells can be demonstrated within 6 hr of cocultivation with normal macrophages activated in vitro with the lymphocyte mediator macrophage activating factor (MAF). The data show that the decrease in residual adhering radioactivity, on which the calculations of percent kill are based, results from the lysis as well as from the detachment of tumor cells. However, detached tumor cells fail to exclude trypan blue and are no longer capable of DNA and protein synthesis. This suggests that the detachment of intact but nonviable tumor cells precedes actual target cell lysis in this system.
Multi-scale Cover Selection by White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus , in an Agro-forested Landscape

Resource selection studies are commonly conducted at a single spatial scale, but this likely does not fully or accurately assess the hierarchical selection process used by animals. We used a multi-spatial scale approach to quantify White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) cover selection in south-central Michigan during 2004–2006 by varying definitions of use and availability and ranking the relative importance of cover types under each study design. The number of cover types assigned as selected (proportional use > proportional availability) decreased from coarse (landscape level) to fine (within home range) scales, although at finer scales, selection seemed to be more consistent. Although the relative importance changed substantially across spatial scales, two cover types (conifers, upland deciduous forests) were consistently ranked as the two most important, providing strong evidence of their value to deer in the study area. Testing for resource selection patterns using a multi-spatial scale approach would provide additional insight into the ecology and behavior of a particular species.
Implementation Of Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring With Industrial Process Control & Automation

Corrosion is a dynamic process, more so than even most corrosion engineers realize. It typically has a number of influencing factors that can vary with time and process variables, and so cause corrosion events or upsets to occur. The reason for the lack of appreciation of this situation is that historically long time intervals associated with inspections and off-line measurements do not afford the opportunity to correlate corrosion excursions with operating and process parameters This paper illustrates the importance of implementing an appropriate and correspondingly dynamic means of corrosion appraisal to help manage industrial processes and related corrosion prevention treatments, and to minimize corrosion upsets and failures, and maximize the availability of the plant assets. Value statements are provided that show the potential savings associated with online, real-time corrosion monitoring.
Ultrathin primary is a marker for worse prognosis in lymph node–positive cutaneous melanoma

BACKGROUND: Lymph lymph node metastasis from melanoma ≤0.50 mm (ultrathin) is an infrequent event. However, because many newly diagnosed melanomas are ultrathin, a significant proportion of patients who present with lymph node disease have an ultrathin melanoma. The authors hypothesized that ultrathin melanomas that present with lymph node metastasis represent biologically aggressive lesions with a worse prognosis. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data were queried to identify patients with cutaneous melanoma who presented with lymph node metastasis diagnosed between 1998 and 2008. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare disease-specific survival (DSS) between various tumor depths. RESULTS: In total, 6134 patients with lymph node-positive melanoma were identified and stratified according to tumor depth, including 588 (10%) with a tumor depth ≤0.50 mm, 519 (8%) with a tumor depth from 0.51 to 1.00 mm, 1669 (27%) with a tumor depth from 1.01 to 2.00 mm, 1871 (31%) with a tumor depth from 2.01 to 4.00 mm, and 1487 (24%) with a tumor depth >4.00 mm; and the respective 5-year DSS rates were 63%, 76%, 75%, 60%, and 43%. Multivariable analysis confirmed a similar trend in HRs for DSS: The HR was 1.00 for a tumor depth ≤0.50 mm (reference category) and 0.64 (P 4.00 mm, respectively. This association of tumor depth with DSS persisted for N1 and N2 disease but not for N3 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrathin melanoma (≤0.50 mm) was identified as a marker of poor prognosis in the setting of lymph node metastasis. These results may improve recommendations for adjuvant therapy, surveillance protocols, and risk stratification for clinical trials. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
On air-to-water radio communication between UAVs and water sensor networks

Ocean monitoring using underwater sensor networks faces communication challenges in retrieving data, communicating large amounts of data between nodes, and covering increasing spatial regions while remaining connected. With underwater sensor networks that are capable of surfacing, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a solution to this by providing radio-based data muling services, but, as this area is still unexplored, the utility of this solution is unclear. In this paper, we examine the theoretical expectations, perform several field experiments, and analyze the communication success rates of 802.15.4 radios near the water surface both communicating between surface nodes as well as between a node and the UAV. These indicate that on the water surface internode radio communication is poor, but node to UAV communication can provide both reasonable ranges and success rates. We additionally measure and analyze the energy aspects of the systems, determining the impacts of parameters such as network size and distance between nodes on the UAV energy. Finally, we consolidate the information into an algorithm outlining how to configure and design hybrid UAV and underwater sensor network systems.
Caregiver's Education Level is Associated With a Child's Dental Caries, in Part, Mediated by Dental Care Use Behaviors in Low-income African American Populations.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Caregiver's education level and child's dental caries in African Americans: a path analytic study. Heima M, Lee W, Milgrom P, Nelson S. Caries Res 2015;49(2):177-83 . Reviewer Woosung Sohn, DDS, PhD, DrPH Purpose/Question The authors conducted path analysis to test various models for an association between caregiver education and child dental caries and its mediating pathways via oral health-related behaviors. Source of Funding This study was supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA/MCHB R40- MC07838) and the National Center for Research Resources (CTSC UL1 RR024989). Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study (secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in a longitudinal study) Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
A Resource Allocation Model for Denial of Service Protection

A denial-of-service protection base is characterized as a resource monitor closely related to a TCB, supporting a waiting-time policy for benign processes. Resource monitor algorithms and policies can be stated in the context of a state-transition model.
Non-linearity and randomness in a semiconductor wafer fab

Conventional intuition of semiconductor wafer fab performance relies on assumptions of linear work flow and fixed (deterministic) behavior of the fab equipment's breakdown and capacity. This intuition is used to analyze fab capacity by using simple mathematical models in a "spreadsheet" fashion to obtain feasibility bounds on capacity (wafers out/unit time), cycle time (or lead time) and work-in-progress levels. However, assumptions of linearity and fixed behavior are not always valid, especially when strategic analysis needs to be done over long time horizons. This paper demonstrates the effects of such non-linearities and random (stochastic) behavior. This is done by modeling simple fab scenarios using advanced mathematical and discrete-event simulation tools. In particular, effects of a high degree of variance on equipment availability are investigated using serial representations of a manufacturing line. The impact of setup change-over times is also analyzed through random queuing scenarios in order to arrive at more accurate results of the line loading phenomenon. These results are then statistically analyzed to provide a contrast to conventional intuition.
Excitation of magnetohydrodynamic modes with gravitational waves: A testbed for numerical codes

We consider a gravitational wave oscillating in an initially homogeneous, magnetized fluid. The fluid is perfectly conducting and isentropic, and the magnetic field is initially uniform. We find analytic solutions for the case in which the gravitational wave is linear and unaffected by the background fluid and field. Our solutions show how gravitational waves can excite three magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes in the fluid: Alfven waves, and both fast and slow magnetosonic waves. Our analytic solutions are particularly useful for testing numerical codes designed to treat general relativistic MHD in dynamical spacetimes, as we demonstrate in a companion paper.
Abstract 683: Evaluating the therapeutic potential of a peptide derivative of cancer-associated PCNA in DNA repair deficient breast cancers

Our laboratory was the first to isolate and purify an intact mammalian cell multiprotein DNA replication complex, termed the synthesome, from a variety of human cell types that was both stable and fully functional. Subsequent work revealed that the synthesome of malignant breast epithelial cells exhibits a more error-prone synthesis process than that of nonmalignant breast epithelial cells. We recently correlated the low replication fidelity of malignant cells was due at least in part to a post-translational modification of a specific protein component of the synthesome: proliferating cell nuclear antigen, or PCNA. Our laboratory developed an antibody (cancer-associated or caPCNAab) specific to the cancer-associated PCNA isoform (cancer-associated or caPCNA), providing hope of an effective diagnostic marker of malignancy. Additionally, peptides were derived from the caPCNA sequence (caPeptides) and these peptides were shown to augment the action of doxorubicin (DOX) in leukemia cells while leaving nonmalignant cells intact. caPeptides may possess anti-cancer therapeutic potential through blocking the association of caPCNA with its binding partners involved in DNA replication and repair. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which caPeptides directed against caPCNA induced cancer cell cytotoxicity. Breast cancer cells from a patient harboring a hereditary mutation in BRCA1, a major component of DNA double strand break repair (HCC1937 cells), were used in this study. As a genetically matched control, the wild-type breast cancer 1 early onset gene (BRCA1) was transduced into HCC1937 cells (referred to as HCC1937 + wild-type BRCA1). MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays were conducted with caPeptides at a variety of timepoints both alone and in combination with DNA damaging agent cisplatin in HCC1937 and HCC1937 + wild-type BRCA1 cells. The data suggests cells lacking wild-type BRCA1 show increased sensitivity to caPeptides in comparison to isogenic controls transduced with wild-type BRCA1. We show that caPeptides augment the action of DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Furthermore, caPeptides containing amino acid substitutions in specific sites within the peptide show enhanced cytotoxicity over wild-type caPeptides. This work may provide information useful in a clinical setting as caPeptides could benefit a particular subset of breast cancer patients. Additionally, caPeptide studies may shed light on the deregulated replication and repair processes common in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 683.
Method for the simultaneous characterization of texture, orientation of electric field gradient, and/or magnetic field from the57Fe/57Co Mössbauer spectrum of pellets having a cylindrical texture typical of YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductors

A method using Mossbauer spectroscopy has been developed for estimating the degree of cylindrical texture in pellets of materials exemplified by the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x.The procedure can also be used to determine unambiguously the sign and orientation of the electric field gradient of a nonmagnetic species coexisting with a magnetically ordered one (or coexisting with another nonmagnetic species for which the sign and the orientation of the electric field gradient are known).
Optimization Design for Structure of a Shroud Base on Fluent

This paper reports a CFD modeling study on the optimization design for the shroud structure of a three-phase electroslag furnace using double electrode series technique by a commercial code FLUENT. The Realizable ke turbulence model, Do radiation model and Mixture model are amply used to compute the flow of gases in the furnace under different entrance layouts of the shroud, and the influence of entrance layout on the air volume fraction in the furnace is obtained. Finally, a suited suggestion on the entrance layout of shroud is presented that ring topologies should be adopted.
A Potential Role for Shed Soluble Major Histocompatibility Class I Molecules as Modulators of Neurite Outgrowth

The neurobiological activities of classical major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) molecules are just beginning to be explored. To further examine MHCI's actions during the formation of neuronal connections, we cultured embryonic mouse retina explants a short distance from wildtype thalamic explants, or thalami from transgenic mice (termed "NSE-Db") whose neurons express higher levels of MHCI. While retina neurites extended to form connections with wildtype thalami, we were surprised to find that retina neurite outgrowth was very stunted in regions proximal to NSE-Db thalamic explants, suggesting that a diffusible factor from these thalami inhibited retina neurite outgrowth. It has been long known that MHCI-expressing cells release soluble forms of MHCI (sMHCI) due to the shedding of intact MHCI molecules, as well as the alternative exon splicing of its heavy chain or the action proteases which cleave off it's transmembrane anchor. We show that the diffusible inhibitory factor from the NSE-Db thalami is sMHCI. We also show that COS cells programmed to express murine MHCI release sMHCI that inhibits neurite outgrowth from nearby neurons in vitro. The neuroinhibitory effect of sMHCI could be blocked by lowering cAMP levels, suggesting that the neuronal MHCI receptor's signaling mechanism involves a cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathway. Our results suggest that MHCI may not only have neurobiological activity in its membrane-bound form, it may also influence local neurons as a soluble molecule. We discuss the involvement of complement proteins in generating sMHCI and new theoretical models of MHCI's biological activities in the nervous system.
Staging of colorectal cancer: biology vs. morphology.

PURPOSE: An accurate determination of the extent or staging of a disease is critical, because it provides the basis for making therapeutic decisions. Staging is a collaborative effort by the surgeon and the pathologist. Radioimmunoguided surgery has been evaluated for its ability to help surgeons determine the extent of disease during surgery, when management decisions have the most impact on patient care. This study was done to compare radioimmunoguided surgery “biostaging” with traditional pathologic staging (TNM) as predictors of survival in patients undergoing curative resections for colorectal cancer. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with colorectal cancer were prospectively enrolled in radioimmunoguided surgery protocols. Evaluation of follow-up survival data was performed. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy and radioimmunoguided surgery with resection of their primary colorectal tumor. Survival data were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank comparisons. RESULTS: Of 97 patients enrolled in the study, 59 were evaluable and completely resectable by radioimmunoguided surgery. Mean follow-up was 62 months, with a range of 34 to 89 months. By traditional staging 13 patients were pStage I, 18 patients were pStage II, and 28 patients were pStage III. By radioimmunoguided surgery biostaging, 24 patients were radioimmunoguided surgery-negative whereas 35 patients were radioimmunoguided surgery-positive. Survival rates by pathologic stage approached a significant difference, but did not, as of the conclusion of the study period, reach it (P=0.12). Survival rates based on radioimmunoguided surgery status demonstrated a highly significant difference (P=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Radioimmunoguided surgery biostaging provides new information intraoperatively on cancer staging that has not been available before. This may lead to new strategies for therapy that can be individualized and optimized for each patient with cancer.
Quantum Corrections to Dilute Bose Liquids

It was recently shown [A. Bulgac. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050402 (2002)] that an entirely new class of quantum liquids with widely tunable properties could be manufactured from bosons, fermions and their mixtures by controlling their interaction properties by means of a Feshbach resonance. Since the quantum fluctuations in this regime could in principle destabilize these objects, we extend the previous mean–field analysis of these quantum liquids by computing the lowest order quantum corrections to the ground state energy and the depletion of the Bose–Einstein condensate and by estimating higher order corrections as well. We show that the quantum corrections are relatively small, do not lead to the destabilization of the droplets and are controlled by the diluteness parameter p n|a| 3 ≪ 1, even though strictly speaking in this case there is no low density expansion. PACS numbers: 03.75.Hh, 03.75.Nt, 05.30.Jp
Markers of macrophage heterogeneity. I. Studies of macrophages from various organs of normal mice.

A unique subpopulation of macrophages (M phi) was identified among the spleen and bone marrow M phi of normal mice. After 24 h of culture, approximately 2.5% of the adherent cells cluster into "foci" of 10-30 cells. On the basis of their phagocytic and morphologic characteristics, these focus-forming M phi (FF-M phi) appeared to be highly activated. Uncoated sheep erythrocytes (E) were ingested by FF-m phi indicating that opsonization was not a prerequisite for phagocytosis. However, IgM-coated E (EIgM) were more readily phagocytosed by FF-M phi than were E suggesting that IgM is recognized as an effective opsonin by these cells. EIgM and E coated with IgM and complement (C) (EIgMC) were ingested by approximately the same percentage of FF-M phi; thus, if these cells possess complement receptors in addition to structures which bind EIgM, the C receptors do not enhance the ability of FF-M phi to ingest opsonized particles. The non-focus-forming M phi, e.g. individual M phi (I-M phi), in the spleen and bone marrow can, themselves, be divided into various subpopulations distinguished by their ability to bind and ingest E, EIgM ana EIgMC. These may represent various subpopulations of M phi or M phi at various stages of activation or differentiation. While spleen and bone marrow M phi contained FF-M phi and I-M phi which vary in their ability to ingest E, EIgM and EIgMC, theM phi of the peritoneum and blood of normal mice were far more homogeneous. Peritoneal and blood M phi did not form foci, ad did not ingest E or EIgM in significant amounts although a small percentage were able to ingest EIgMC. These data suggest that the population of M phi in the spleen and bone marrow are far more heterogenous than those found in the peritoneum or blood and that binding and phagocytosis of various coated and uncoated erythrocytes can be studied to elucidate this heterogeneity.
The impact of a Tax-Based Incomes Policy on U.S. macroeconomic performance: An optimal control study☆

This study attempts to estimate the potential impact of a Tax-Based Incomes Policy (TIP) on macroeconomic performance by applying an optimal control algorithm to the Wharton Quarterly Econometric Model. A TIP is any tax incentive that would induce firms and/or workers to reduce wage increases. Our study is applicable to any version of TIP. To isolate TIP's potential impact, we compare the optimal path of the economy without TIP to the optimal path of the economy with TIP. Our conclusion is that a TIP may be able to significantly improve the path of inflation, unemployment, and real GNP simultaneously.
Information transfer in transmission electron microscopy

Abstract A unified theory of image formation in transmission electron microscopy is outlined, combining the concepts of quantum theory with those of optical transfer theory. Fixed-beam and scanning transmission electron microscopes are treated as special cases of a more general transfer system. Partially coherent conditions are assumed for both the illuminating and recording parts of the microscope. Incorporation of the object is described by a mutual dynamic object spectrum, which allows consideration of arbitrary objects. The properties of this spectrum are discussed in detail, and analytical expressions are obtained by employing either the Born or a modified phase object approximation. Both approaches include the contribution of inelastically scattered electrons to the image. Consideration of these electrons necessitates a significant modification of the standard optical transfer theory. For weak objects the perfect inelastic image represents the variance of the projected (time-dependent) object potential.
Application of a Product Platform Knowledge Management Methodology Using the Semantic Web Paradigm to a Playground System

Information management has been recognized as an essential ingredient for effective product family planning strategies through the utilization of product platforms. Product platforms utilize commonality of parts, modules, and processes during design and manufacture. This commonality must be well documented for its effective use, and ontologies are one way to organize this information to promote knowledge management. The following provides a case study to verify a proposed methodology for product platform knowledge management that uses the semantic web paradigm by applying it to a component from a major modular playground equipment producer. Our objective is to verify the developed methodology using a case study of a modular playground component and to evaluate the methodology’s user adoptability. It will be shown that the methodology is successful and valid to apply to other applications, with some improvements, in the future.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Sequestration of cerium(III) bromide into mesoporous silica

Abstract A variety of surface-functionalized mesoporous silica monoliths were reacted with a cerium(III) bromide molecular complex and a successful scaffold for luminescent materials is demonstrated. The variation in structure of the materials is shown through infrared spectroscopy, and the luminescent properties illustrate the varying coordination environment of cerium(III) bromide.
A Thy1-CFP DBA/2J mouse line with cyan fluorescent protein expression in retinal ganglion cells

A DBA/2J (D2) transgenic mouse line with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter expression in ganglion cells was developed for the analysis of ganglion cells during progressive glaucoma. The Thy1-CFP D2 (CFP-D2) line was created by congenically breeding the D2 line, which develops pigmentary glaucoma, and the Thy1-CFP line, which expresses CFP in ganglion cells. Microsatellite marker analysis of CFP-D2 progeny verified the genetic inclusion of the D2 isa and ipd loci. Specific mutations within these loci lead to dysfunctional melanosomal proteins and glaucomatous phenotype in D2 mice. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the inclusion of the Thy1-CFP transgene. CFP-fluorescent ganglion cells, 6-20 microm in diameter, were distributed in all retinal regions, CFP processes were throughout the inner plexiform layer, and CFP-fluorescent axons were in the fiber layer and optic nerve head. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to ganglion cell markers NF-L, NeuN, Brn3a, and SMI32 was used to confirm CFP expression in ganglion cells. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to amacrine cell markers HPC-1 and ChAT was used to confirm weak CFP expression in cholinergic amacrine cells. CFP-D2 mice developed a glaucomatous phenotype, including iris disease, ganglion cell loss, attrition of the fiber layer, and elevated intraocular pressure. A CFP-D2 transgenic line with CFP-expressing ganglion cells was developed, which has (1) a predominantly D2 genetic background, (2) CFP-expressing ganglion cells, and (3) age-related progressive glaucoma. This line will be of value for experimental studies investigating ganglion cells and their axons in vivo and in vitro during the progressive development of glaucoma.
Decreased bursting and novel object-specific cell firing in the hippocampus after mild traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Objective: mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can produce lasting memory deficits even in the absence of cell loss. We investigated changes in hippocampal firing patterns during exploration and during a novel object recognition (NOR) task. Methods: six male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to mTBI via fluid percussion injury and were compared with sham-operated rats. Microelectrodes were implanted into CA1 and CA3 and multiple units were recorded from the pyramidal cell layer. Spontaneous “burst” characteristics were analyzed and temporal firing patterns were correlated with object encounters to establish object-specific firing patterns. Results: mTBI was associated with significantly less hippocampal bursting (p
Free-space high data rate communications technologies for near terrestrial space

Recent progress at the Applied Physics Laboratory in high data rate communications technology development is described in this paper. System issues for developing and implementing high data rate downlinks from geosynchronous earth orbit to the ground, either for CONUS or in-theater users is considered. Technology is described that supports a viable dual-band multi-channel system concept. Modeling and simulation of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) beamsteering mirrors has been accomplished to evaluate the potential for this technology to support multi-channel optical links with pointing accuracies approaching 10 microradians. These models were validated experimentally down to levels in which Brownian motion was detected and characterized for single mirror devices only 500 microns across. This multi-channel beamsteering technology can be designed to address environmental compromises to free-space optical links, which derive from turbulence, clouds, as well as spacecraft vibration. Another technology concept is being pursued that is designed to mitigate the adverse effects of weather. It consists of a dual-band (RF/optical) antenna that is optimally designed in both bands simultaneously (e.g., Ku-band and near infrared). This technology would enable optical communications hardware to be seamlessly integrated with existing RF communications hardware on spacecraft platforms, while saving on mass and power, and improving overall system performance. These technology initiatives have been pursued principally because of potential sponsor interest in upgrading existing systems to accommodate quick data recovery and decision support, particularly for the warfighter in future conflicts where the exchange of large data sets such as high resolution imagery would have significant tactical benefits.
Effect of nurse practitioner comanagement on the care of geriatric conditions.

Objectives: To determine whether community-based primary care physician (PCP)�nurse practitioner (NP) comanagement implementing the Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE)-2 model: (case finding, delegation of data collection, structured visit notes, physician and patient education, and linkage to community resources) can improve the quality of care for geriatric conditions. Design: Case study. Setting: Two community-based primary care practices. Participants: Patients aged 75 and older who screened positive for at least one condition: falls, urinary incontinence (UI), dementia, and depression. Intervention: The ACOVE-2 model augmented by NP comanagement of conditions. Measurements: Quality of care according to medical record review using ACOVE-3 quality indicators (QIs). Individuals receiving comanagement were compared with those who received PCP care alone in the same practices. Results: Of 1,084 screened individuals, 658 (61%) screened positive for more than one condition; 485 of these were randomly selected for chart review and triggered a mean of seven QIs. A NP saw 49% for comanagement. Overall, individuals received 57% of recommended care. Quality scores for all conditions (falls, 80% vs 34%; UI, 66% vs 19%; dementia, 59% vs 38%) except depression (63% vs 60%) were higher for individuals who saw a NP. In analyses adjusted for sex and age of patient, number of conditions, site, and a NP estimate of medical management style, NP comanagement remained significantly associated with receiving recommended care (P < .001), as did NP estimate of medical management style (P = .02). Conclusion: NP comanagement is associated with better quality of care for geriatric conditions in community-based primary care than usual care using the ACOVE-2 model.
Bathymetric and geophysical evidence for a hydrothermal explosion crater in Mary Bay, Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming

Results of continuous high-frequency seismic reflection profiler and towed magnetometer surveys of Mary Bay are presented. These data were taken, along with several piston cores and heat flow determinations, as part of a broader reconnaissance survey of Yellowstone Lake. The bathymetric data reveal an oval basin occupying the center of the bay, bounded by steep slopes. The southeastern slope appears to trend onshore, where steep bare scarps facing the lake are exposed near the north and east sides of the bay. The steep slope surrounding the basin in the bay corresponds to a change in character of the magnetic field. Broad smooth anomalies are found over the basin, and narrow high-amplitude anomalies over the surrounding platform. The center of the basin is occupied by deep narrow thermal basins having extremely rough local topography, where very high values of heat flow and sediment temperatures were measured. These data support the hypothesis that Mary Bay is the site of a submerged hydrothermal explosion crater similar to others onshore.
Relation of the Composition to the Properties of Clays

Most clays are composed essentially of minute particles of one or more of the clay minerals of which the kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite groups are most important. The clay minerals occur in flake-shaped particles, possess base-exchange capacity, and exist in or are reducible to extremely small grain sizes on working with water. Different clay minerals possess these properties in varying degrees. The clay mineral component is the chief factor determining the properties of a clay. In general, plasticity and bond strength caused by the clay minerals decrease in the following order: montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. In many clays, the plasticity and bond strength mainly result from the presence of the montmorillonite minerals or some members of the illite group, although these constituents may compose only minor amounts of the clay. The influence of the clay minerals on other properties is considered. The green properties of clays are also related to the character of the exchangeable bases carried by the clay minerals. The fundamental reasons for the differences in properties resulting from different mineral constituents and various exchangeable bases are considered. The properties of clays are related further to the effective size-grade distribution developed in actual use which frequently differs from the size-grade obtained by mechanical analyses.
Small Subcontractors In Reliability Programs

Today's military systems contracts invariably have numerical and organizational reliability requirements. With systems of any size, it is advantageous for the prime contractor to sub-contract out many equipments and units. Small firms often provide superior specialized technical competence, more favorable prices, faster delivery, and a more conscientious effort; however, the small firm's lack of continuing and repetitive contractual requirements for reliability usually results in organizational weakness in this area. These firms are unable to support the cost of permanent reliability, standards, and quality control functions of the type required by these contracts. A standard comprehensive quality or reliability survey would eliminate these organizations from competition, and a superficial survey leading to their acceptance would result in the acquisition of an ineffective subcontractor. As a substitute, a specially designed analytical survey is performed which investigates the quality, reliability, standards, and design functions of the prospective sub-contractor, and indicates not only the deficiencies, but also the remedial action required. If, on the basis of price, delivery and technical competence, a firm in this category is awarded a subcontract, procedures are instituted which invariably result in a reliability achievement at least equal to that of some large organizations which, at times, have inflexible and incompatible procedures. This paper describes, in brief, the survey techniques and the remedial procedures instituted.
185 Phytate Utilization by Tetrahymena

Phytate, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, is the storage form of phosphate in seeds and grains and a major form of environmental phosphate loading from fertilizer inputs and agricultural runoff. Little is known about the effects of phytate on heterotrophic protozoa. Members of the genus Tetrahymena were chosen as the model organisms for this study because of their wide geographic distribution and adaptability. We found that Tetrahymena can use phytate as their sole phosphate source and that growth is comparable to that for cells grown in media containing orthophosphate. The internal phytate concentration increases dramatically during the logarithmic phase of growth and then decreases during the stationary phase. These internal levels in T. vorax are as much as 10-fold greater than those for cells grown in phosphate without phytate, suggesting diet as a main source of accumulation. In T. thermophila, the internal phytate level also decreases during stationary phase, but the levels during both logarithmic and stationary phase of growth are similar whether cells are grown in phytate or phosphate. Tetrahymena thermophila possesses several nonspecific acid phosphatases capable of using phytate as a substrate including one associated with the pellicle. We are examining the properties of this phytase.
Decrease in Net Mercury Methylation Rates Following Iron Amendment to Anoxic Wetland Sediment Slurries

The rate of mercury methylation in anoxic wetland sediments is affected by the concentration of bioavailable complexes between Hg and sulfide. Previous research with pure bacterial cultures has shown that addition of ferrous iron reduces the net rate of mercury methylation by decreasing the concentration of dissolved sulfide. To assess the possibility of using this approach to decrease net mercury methylation in restored and constructed wetlands, laboratory experiments were conducted by adding Hg(II) and Fe(II) to sediments collected from six sites in five estuarine wetlands. Addition of 30 mM (0.07 mmol g-1 or 3.9 mg g-1) Fe(II) decreased net mercury methylation relative to that of unamended controls by a factor of 2.1−6.6. In all cases, the observed decrease in net mercury methylation was accompanied by a decrease in the concentrations of sulfide and filterable mercury in the water overlying the sediments. When iron was added to one of the sediment samples at doses that were small relative to the concen...
A plant collection from Niue Island by Jensen in 1876 pacific plant studies 29

The first large plant collection from Niue Island was made by F. Jensen in 1876. It is conserved in London. This list totals 43 species, including 8 new island records and 1 new species,Myoporum niueanum.
Regulation of Neuronal Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide Expression Role of Increased Blood Pressure

Abstract Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator neuropeptide. We have previously demonstrated that CGRP mRNA levels are increased in dorsal root ganglia, and immunoreactive CGRP content is elevated in the spinal cord in mineralocorticoid-salt hypertension. Dorsal root ganglia neuronal cell bodies synthesize CGRP and send axons peripherally to blood vessels and centrally to spinal cord sites involved in blood pressure regulation. This increased synthesis of a potent vasodilator is a compensatory response to attenuate the increase in blood pressure; however, it is not known if neuronal CGRP is regulated simply by the elevated blood pressure or by changes in other parameters. To determine if elevation of blood pressure in normal rats induced by the administration of a potent vasoconstrictor can increase neuronal CGRP mRNA, 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 2 weeks with either angiotensin II (n=6) or vehicle (n=6) by using implanted osmotic minipumps. After the treatment period, the angiotensin II–treated rats displayed a marked increase in systolic blood pressure (angiotensin II, 217±18 versus control, 131±3 mm Hg, P −1 · h −1 , P
Multiple-gain-ranging readout method to extend the dynamic range of amorphous silicon flat-panel imagers

The dynamic range of many flat panel imaging systems are fundamentally limited by the dynamic range of the charge amplifier and readout signal processing. We developed two new flat panel readout methods that achieve extended dynamic range by changing the read out charge amplifier feedback capacitance dynamically and on a real-time basis. In one method, the feedback capacitor is selected automatically by a level sensing circuit, pixel-by-pixel, based on its exposure level. Alternatively, capacitor selection is driven externally, such that each pixel is read out two (or more) times, each time with increased feedback capacitance. Both methods allow the acquisition of X-ray image data with a dynamic range approaching the fundamental limits of flat panel pixels. Data with an equivalent bit depth of better than 16 bits are made available for further image processing. Successful implementation of these methods requires careful matching of selectable capacitor values and switching thresholds, with the imager noise and sensitivity characteristics, to insure X-ray quantum limited operation over the whole extended dynamic range. Successful implementation also depends on the use of new calibration methods and image reconstruction algorithms, to insure artifact free rebuilding of linear image data by the downstream image processing systems. The multiple gain ranging flat panel readout method extends the utility of flat panel imagers and paves the way to new flat panel applications, such as cone beam CT. We believe that this method will provide a valuable extension to the clinical application of flat panel imagers.
Effect of Channel Geometry on Two-Phase Flow Structure in Fuel Cell Gas Channels

Water management issues continue to be a major concern for the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Maintaining the optimal amount of hydration can ensure that the cell is operating properly and with high efficiency. There are several components that can affect water management, however one area that has received increased attention is the interface between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the gas reactant channels where excess water has a tendency to build up and block reactant gasses. One key parameter that can affect this build up is the geometry of the microchannels. The work presented here proposes an optimal trapezoidal geometry which will aid in the removal of excess water in the gas channels. The Concus-Finn condition is applied to the channel surfaces and GDL to ensure the water will be drawn away from GDL surface and wicked to the top corner of the channel. An ex situ setup is designed to establish the validity of the Concus-Finn application. Once validated, this condition is then used to design optimal channel geometries for water removal in a PEM fuel cell gas channel.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Targeting the human MUC1 oncoprotein: a tale of two proteins.

Commentary to:Bismuth-213 radioimmunotherapy with C595 anti–MUC1 monoclonal antibody in an ovarian cancer ascites model Emma Y. Song, Chang F Qu, Syed M.A. Rizvi, Chand Raja, Julia Beretov, Alfred Morgenstern, Christos Apostolidis, Frank Bruchertseifer, Alan Perkins
Response of the goat carotid body to acute and prolonged hypercapnia.

The effect of prolonged hypercapnia on carotid chemoreceptor discharge frequency has not been elucidated. In addition, the effect of acute hypercapnia on chemoreceptor discharge has not been determined in the goat, a species commonly used for ventilatory control studies. Therefore, we determined the effects of acute and prolonged normoxic-hypercapnia on single fiber output of the carotid body of chloralose anesthetized goats. The animals were paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The average acute response curve for 12 single fibers was linear over the range of 30–80 Torr PaCO2 with a mean slope of 0.115±0.057 (SD) imp·sec−1·Torr−1 PaCO2. Elevated discharge frequency was maintained during prolonged (up to 240 min, n=11) steady-state hypercapnia (XPaCo2 = 85 Torr). No systematic time-dependent changes in afferent discharge frequency occurred during the period. The findings obtained during sustained hypercapnia are in contrast to the time-dependent increase in carotid body activity seen previously in our laboratory with prolonged normocapnic-hypoxia of up to 240 min duration.
Beyond Globalization and Global Justice: Development Theory and Practice

It is a great honour to receive such thoughtful and stimulating feedback on my work from such smart and distinguished colleagues. Together Miriam Ronzoni’s, Fernando Teson’s and Gillian Brock’s incisive comments range over every chapter in Globalization and Global Justice. So, although I will do my best to address their main concerns, I am sure I cannot do an adequate job of responding to all of their great points here. I will start by considering comments on the first part of the book before turning to comments on the second part. The main contribution of the first half of Globalization and Global Justice is to offer a new argument for significant obligations to the global poor grounded in concern for legitimate coercion. In her incredibly well thought-out comments, Professor Ronzoni says I need to say much more about the conception of legitimacy at issue and its connection to justice. By noting that my argument only defends a necessary condition for legitimacy, I wanted to distinguish it from more robust theories of justice along the lines defended by Simon Caney, Darrel Moellendorf and Martha Nussbaum. In part, because several arguments in the global justice literature (including some statists’ arguments – like Michael Blake’s) talk about legitimacy, I also argued that legitimacy is plausibly a necessary condition for full justice. If this is so, the obligation of legitimacy I defend will also be an obligation of justice (contra some statists – like Thomas Nagel). Moreover, if I am right that there are many coercive international institutions, statists’ accounts of justice may apply to these institutions and not only states. Ronzoni is right to wonder, however, whether libertarians distinguish between legitimacy and justice or hold that legitimacy is a necessary condition for justice – I should have explained why I think they do in the book. Libertarian justice requires respecting rights and libertarians believe there is a natural right to punish rights violators. So it is generally unjust to prevent people from exercising this right. Under some conditions, however, libertarians hold that states can legitimately exercise a monopoly on coercive force and prevent people from exercising their natural right to punish. So it seems legitimacy is necessary for justice on such libertarian accounts.