cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potentiation of 2,6‐dinitrotoluene genotoxicity in fischer 344 rats by pretreatment with coal tar creosote

Pretreatment of male Fischer 344 rats for 5 wk with coal tar creosote, a coal distillation product that is widely used as a wood preservative, potentiated the excretion of urinary mutagens in 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) treated rats. Creosote increased the bioactivation of DNT to significantly greater levels of urinary genotoxic metabolites and/or formed DNA adducts in the liver. A significant increase in the excretion of mutagenic DNT metabolites was observed after the first week of creosote treatment, peaked at wk 3, and then decreased by 33% after 5 wk of treatment. Nevertheless, there was a significant increase (66%) in the formation of DNT-derived DNA adducts in the livers of rats treated with DNT plus creosote at wk 5. Increased cecal beta-glucuronidase activity and reduced small intestinal nitroreductase activity may play roles in the bioactivation of DNT. The excretion of mutagenic DNT metabolites supplies useful information about the bioactivation of DNT; it does not provide a useful index of DNT-derived hepatic DNA adduct formation. Such interactions could be important to predictive risk assessment because the overall cancer risk of such chemical mixtures may exceed the sum of the component risks.
The transmembrane protein TMEM16A is required for normal development of the murine trachea

Pathological collapsibility of the upper airways, caused by many different genetic and environmental insults, is known as tracheomalacia in humans. We determined that Tmem16a, a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of predicted transmembrane proteins, is expressed in the developing trachea. We report that all mice homozygous for a null allele of Tmem16a died within one month of birth and exhibited severe tracheomalacia with gaps in the tracheal cartilage rings along the entire length of the trachea. In addition, the development of the trachealis muscle that spans the dorsal aspect of the trachea was abnormal in Tmem16a mutants. Since the chondrogenic mesenchyme does not express Tmem16a at any time, we propose that the cartilage ring defect observed in Tmem16a mutants is secondary to an expansion of the embryonic trachea that might result from improper stratification of the embryonic tracheal epithelium or the abnormal trachealis muscle. Our data identify Tmem16a as a novel regulator of epithelial and smooth muscle cell organization in murine development. This mutant, the first knockout of a vertebrate TMEM16 family member, provides a mouse model of tracheomalacia.
X-band digital receiver for the New Horizons spacecraft

A low-power X-band digital uplink receiver has been developed by the APL for NASA's planned New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, which is scheduled to launch in January 2006 with a Pluto encounter as early as 2015. The uplink receiver provides X-band carrier tracking, command detection/demodulation, critical command decoding, ranging tone demodulation, and built-in radiometrics modes. The primary RF carrier tracking, command detection, and ranging requirements are similar to those of predecessor deep space RF systems, including both the small deep space transponder (SDST) and CONTOUR RF transceiver systems. Additional design requirements for radioscience compatibility and reduced power consumption led to a new design approach. The new receiver design makes use of digital processing techniques and revised system architecture to meet these new requirements, while at the same time enhancing performance and flexibility over predecessor systems. A 53% to 68% reduction in secondary power consumption over comparable predecessor systems has been achieved. This paper provides a detailed description of the new low-power digital receiver design.
Glenohumeral Translation in the Asymptomatic Athlete's Shoulder and Its Relationship to Other Clinically Measurable Anthropometric Variables

To determine the degree of shoulder translation in uninjured athletes, we examined 76 Division I collegiate athletes (44 women and 32 men) for passive range of motion in both shoulders and for knee and elbow hyperextension. Translation was based on a scale of 0 to 3+. Shoulders with symptoms of pain or a history of instability or dislocation were excluded from this study. Forty-six shoulders had 0 anterior translation, 75 had 1+, and 31 had 2+. Thirteen shoulders had 0 posterior translation, 56 had 1+, and 83 had 2+. Thirty-eight shoulders had 0 inferior translation, 105 had 1+, and 9 had 2+. No shoulder had translation of 3+ in any direction. Twenty-four athletes, 12 men and 12 women, had translational asymmetry of a minimum of one grade in at least one direction. No shoulder was asymmetric in all three directions. There was a significant correlation between dominant hand and increased translation; 19 of 24 athletes with asymmetric shoulders had greater translation in the nondominant extremity. There was no relationship between translation and range of motion, knee or elbow hyperextension, thumb-to-forearm distance, or years spent in sports participation. Asymmetry of shoulder translation may exist in the normal shoulder. This review shows that up to 2+ translation in any direction cannot be considered abnormal.
Local flow separation

This paper elaborates on a paradigm for quality-of-service (QoS) that is local, i.e., it does not depend on multinode cooperation. In order to maintain short queuing delays, we individuate flows that occupy a large fraction of a buffer and segregate those flows into a separate queue. The algorithm is provably fair and can avoid all packet reorderings. We show through extensive simulations that state requirements are minimal, and that other flows will benefit from short queuing delays while aggressive flows can still maintain high throughput.
A Numerical Study of the Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Oceanic Convection

Abstract Idealized two-dimensional cloud-resolving numerical modeling was conducted to investigate the diurnal variability of deep tropical oceanic convection. The model was initialized with a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere upon which a uniform and time-independent large-scale forcing was imposed. The underlying surface was assumed to be an open ocean with a constant sea surface temperature. Emphasis was on two distinct regimes:(a) highly organized squall-line-like convection in strong ambient shear and (b) less organized nonsquall cloud clusters without ambient shear. A pronounced diurnal cycle was simulated for the highly organized case; convective activity and intensity attained a maximum around predawn and a minimum in the late afternoon. A similar diurnal variability was obtained for the less organized case and was characterized by more precipitation during the night and early morning and less precipitation in the afternoon and evening. The modeled diurnal variation was primarily attributed to t...
Nonparametric estimation of age-at-onset distributions from censored kin-cohort data

SUMMARY We present a nonparametric estimator of genotype-specific age-at-onset distributions from kin-cohort data. Standard error calculations are derived and the methodology is illustrated through an analysis of the influence of mutations of the Parkin gene on Parkinson's disease. Semiparametric efficiency considerations are briefly discussed.
Parent and Teacher Ratings of Peer Interactive Play and Social-Emotional Development of Preschool Children at Risk

Estimates of agreement and consistency between parent and teacher ratings of peer-interactive play and social emotional development were examined in a sample of preschool children at risk for academic difficulties. Eighty-three pairs of parents and teachers of 4-year-old children completed the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (PIPPS) and 69 of these pairs also were interviewed with the Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scales (SEEC). Significant mean differences were found between parent and teacher scores on the PIPPS, but not on the SEEC. No noteworthy correlations were found between raters on the PIPPS, though low to moderate correlations were revealed between parent and teacher responses on the SEEC. Multivariate techniques revealed statistically significant and noteworthy correlations between parent and teacher responses on the SEEC but not on the PIPPS. Results are discussed within the context of conducting multifaceted, ecological assessments with preschool children. Implications for early childhood educators and interventionists are noted regarding the importance of gathering and interpreting multiple sources of information that contribute to an understanding of young children’s behavior.
Reconsidering Judicial Supremacy: From the Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty to Constitutional Transformations

The counter-majoritarian difficulty has for many years framed constitutional scholarship for both law professors and political sci entists studying judicial review. Unfortunately, shared attention has not led to shared insights, as these scholars have remained isolated in their respective academies. Recently scholars have begun targeting this disciplinary barrier, and questioning whether developing norms of judicial supremacy have importantly raised the stakes of determining the legitimacy of courts setting policy in a democracy. This article proposes a new approach to the study of judicial review aimed at understanding systemic change rather than institutional legitimacy, using recent concerns over the drift from judicial review to judicial supremacy as a point of departure for study. I recommend, to both normative and positive scholars, a new and integrated focus on the relationship between judicial policymaking and wider transformations of the constitutional order that have previously been obscured by orienting constitutional scholarship around the counter-majoritarian difficulty. Academic discussion of judicial review has long been oriented around the counter-majoritarian diffi culty. The counter-majoritarian difficulty questions whether the unique properties of judicial decision-making, which include constitutionally prescribed insulation from public influence, are consistent with America's democratic commitments. Unfortunately this academic discussion has rarely crossed the disciplinary divide between students of constitutional theory and students of constitutional poli tics. Two separate and almost entirely independent tracks of scholarship have been established to meet the challenge of the counter-majoritarian difficulty, resulting in distinct normative and positive investigations of whether judicial review offers sufficient benefits to offset its democratic deficiencies, or whether in its practice it actually leads to undemocratic policy choices. In recent years, efforts have increased to infuse the study of law with politics and vice versa.1 At the same time, new urgency has been brought to the study of the counter majoritarian difficulty for many in the legal academy, who perceive an increase in judicial imperialism. The Supreme Court has lately ratcheted up the rhetoric of judicial supremacy and has widened the ambit of cases coming under its review. This article examines the intersection of this rising academic concern over judicial supremacy with the growing calls for interdisciplinary dialogue. Rather than treat recent concern over judicial imperialism as an amplification of the counter-majoritarian difficulty that simply raises the stakes of being lost in the thicket of
ENU mutagenesis reveals that Notchless homolog 1 ( Drosophila ) affects Cdkn1a and several members of the Wnt pathway during murine pre-implantation development

Background Our interests lie in determining the genes and genetic pathways that are important for establishing and maintaining maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy. Mutation analysis targeted to a 34 Mb domain flanked by Trp53 and Wnt3 demonstrates that this region of mouse chromosome 11 contains a large number of essential genes. Two mutant alleles (l11Jus1 and l11Jus4), which fall into the same complementation group, survive through implantation but fail prior to gastrulation.
Novel regulatory function for NHERF-1 in Npt2a transcription

Several lines of evidence show that sodium/hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1) regulates the expression and activity of the type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (Npt2a) in renal proximal tubules. We have previously demonstrated that expression of a COOH-terminal ezrin binding domain-deficient NHERF-1 in opossum kidney (OK) cells decreased expression of Npt2a in apical membranes but did not affect responses to parathyroid hormone. We hypothesized that NHERF-1 regulates apical membrane expression of Npt2a in renal proximal tubule cells. To address this hypothesis, we compared regulation of Npt2a expression and function in NHERF-deficient OK cells (OK-H) and wild-type cells (OK-WT). In OK-H cells, phosphate uptake and expression of Npt2a protein in apical membranes were significantly lower than in OK-WT cells. Transient transfection of green fluorescent protein-tagged Npt2a cDNA into OK-H cells resulted in aberrant localization of an Npt2a fragment to the cytosol but not to the apical membrane. OK-H cells also exhibited a marked decrease in Npt2a mRNA expression. As demonstrated by luciferase assay, Npt2a promoter activity was significantly decreased in OK-H cells compared with that shown in OK-WT cells. Transfection of OK-H cells with human NHERF-1 restored Npt2a expression at both the protein and mRNA levels and regulation by parathyroid hormone. Expression of NHERF-1 constructs with mutations in the PDZ domains or the ezrin binding domain in OK-H cells suggested that the PDZ2 domain is critical for apical translocation of Npt2a and for expression at the mRNA level. Our data demonstrate for the first time that NHERF-1 regulates Npt2a transcription and membrane insertion.
Review of Walter Frisch, Music in the Nineteenth Century

This text on music of the nineteenth century is impressive for its integration of contexts and its flexibility. Instructors will be able to use it in various ways, depending on their needs.
Alternative Economic Criteria and Proactive Planning for Transmission Investment in Deregulated Power Systems

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Conflict Optimization Objectives for Network Expansions Policy Implications Proactive Transmission Planning Illustrative Example Conclusions and Future Work Bibliography Appendix
Chemical Interactions in Larval Settling of a Marine Gastropod

Prior to the 1930s, it was a generally accepted notion that larvae of benthic marine invertebrates were, in the timing of their metamosphosis, at the mercy of chance. If the ocean’s currents carried them over substrata suitable for adult life when the time for metamorphosis arrived, they survived; if the substrate were not suitable, the larvae perished. Beginning with observations of Mortensen1 and Day and Wilson2, students of marine ecology began to see that the situation relative to larval settling was more controlled, that larvae could execute a “choice” of substratum. It was additionally recorded that larvae could actually delay metamorphosis until suitable substrata were found3.
Rat cardiac troponin T mutation (F72L)-mediated impact on thin filament cooperativity is divergently modulated by α- and β-myosin heavy chain isoforms.

The emergence of divergent thin filament cooperativity, induced by α- and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC), engenders a mutant cardiac troponin T (TnTF70L) to produce contrasting effects on contractile d...
Tobacco Budworm Damage to Flue-Cured Tobacco at Different Plant Growth Stages

When 3rd instars of Heliothis virescens (F.) were placed on tobacco plants 3,5, and 7 wk after transplanting, the early, mid-, and late season infestations, respectively, caused injury to the lower, middle, and top leaves of the plants. The % plants topped from tobacco budworm injury decreased with age of the plants, and effects on plant maturity also decreased with plant age. Infestations of 100% tobacco budworms (one larva/plant in the presence of Cardiochiles Nigriceps Viereck) on tobacco plants 3, 5, and 7 wk after transplanting caused yield losses of 564, 197, and 245 kg/ha, respectively. Leaf consumption per larva averaged 35, 12.2, and 15.2 g/larva, respectively. A combination of an early + midseason infestation reduced yields more than that of an early + late season infestation or a mid-, + late season infestation. The greatest yield reduction (912 kg/ha) was recorded from an early + mid-, + late season infestation. The quality of most budworm-damaged tobacco was lower; however, only quality reductions for tobacco damaged both 3 and 5 wk after transplanting or tobacco damaged 3, 5, and 7 wk after transplanting were statistically significant from the undamaged tobacco. Topping and suckering the injured tobacco plants all season reduced the injury caused by tobacco bud worms, but appeared to be most helpful to those plants topped by tobacco budworm injury at an early stage of plant growth.
Complex Folding Pathways of Bacteriorhodopsin Revealed by 1-μs-Resolution Force Spectroscopy

Protein folding is understood as a set of transitions between states, taking place on time scales as short ∼1-10 µs. Unfortunately, traditional single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) techniques lack sufficient time resolution to capture the shortest lived states in an individual record, leading to an over-simplified view of folding processes. We mechanically unfolded individual bacteriorhodopsins embedded in their native lipid bilayer using ultrashort cantilevers optimized for 1-µs-resolution SMFS. The results show unprecedented detail, increasing the number of observed intermediates from 5 to 24. For example, transmembrane helix pair ED yielded the largest increase detected intermediates, from 2 to 14 with states separated by as few as 2 amino acids and with dwell times as short as 10 μs resolved. Enhanced temporal resolution revealed 5 new intermediates in the helix pair BC, one of which occurs at proline 91 previously suggested to produce an intermediate in single-transmembrane-helix insertion assay using a modified version of helix C. Unfolding helix A provides the best example of a phenomenon undocumented in previous unfolding experiments on bacteriorhodopsin: rapid unfolding and refolding. Specifically ∼65% of 169 records at v=300 nm/s show such near equilibrium dynamics in helix A alone. More generally, bacteriorhodopsin's unfolding pathway was complex and heterogeneous, with the none of the intermediates being obligate. Additionally, there is a absence of refolding transitions once a full helix was entirely removed from the membrane. These results dramatically sharpen the picture of membrane protein folding and, more broadly, suggest that the slow mechanical response time of a traditional AFM cantilever itself was masking the complex protein-folding dynamics revealed here.
Watery diarrhea associated with pancreatic islet cell carcinoma.

A patient with severe watery diarrhea and a non-β islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas producing five hormones (secretin, serotonin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and pancreatic glucagon) is described. We have demonstrated massive pancreatic hypersecretion to be a major factor in this patient's diarrhea. Possible interrelationships of the actions of five hormones present in excess in this patient are discussed.
Inhibition of Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis by a nonphagocytic Fcγ receptor

There are three major classes of human Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII) and various isoforms of each class are capable of mediating phagocytosis. FcgammaRIIA is an unusual Fcgamma receptor in that it transmits a phagocytic signal in the absence of an additional receptor subunit. The cytoplasmic domain of FcgammaRIIA contains a conserved motif containing two copies of the sequence YXXL. The tyrosines (Y) within the motif are phosphorylated after receptor crosslinking and the integrity of these conserved sequences is required for efficient phagocytosis. The FcgammaRIIB receptors, FcgammaRIIB1 and FcgammaRIIB2, contain one copy of the cytoplasmic YXXL sequence and do not transmit a phagocytic signal. In B cells, FcgammaRIIB negatively regulates B-cell activation by the B-cell antigen receptor. Human macrophages express both FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIB and while FcgammaRIIA mediates phagocytosis, the function of FcgammaRIIB in these cells is unknown. Using the epithelial/fibroblast-like cell line COS-1 as a model to examine the molecular events that regulate the phagocytosis of IgG-coated cells (EA), we investigated the effect of FcgammaRIIB on FcgammaRIIA signaling. FcgammaRIIB inhibited phagocytosis mediated both by FcgammaRIIA and by a chimeric FcgammaRIIA receptor containing the extracellular domain of FcgammaRI and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of FcgammaRIIA. This inhibition occurred at an early signaling stage because tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcgammaRIIA cytoplasmic domain was inhibited after concurrent stimulation of these receptors with EA. FcgammaRIIB mutations showed the importance of the FcgammaRIIB YXXL for inhibition of FcgammaRIIA-mediated phagocytosis. Deletion of the FcgammaRIIB YXXL or conservative replacement of the YXXL tyrosine substantially reduced the inhibitory signal. FcgammaRIIB had a lesser inhibitory effect on phagocytosis by the Fcgamma receptor FcgammaRIIIA, which requires a gamma subunit to mediate a phagocytic signal. These results show that FcgammaRIIB negatively regulates phagocytic signaling by FcgammaRIIA and suggests that FcgammaRIIB plays a role in modulating FcgammaRIIA function in vivo.
Necessities Again: Legumes and Oils

In addition to carbohydrates, the human diet must contain fats and proteins. Proteins, however, are often in short supply. Even in the tropics, where cereals may be infrequently grown, starches are generally available in such staples as cassava, taro, and yams. But there is often a protein deficiency in the diet of the indigenous peoples, particularly in the more densely populated regions of the world. For primitive man, the supply of proteins was no great problem; he was a hunter, and animals provided him with proteins. But as the human population increased and as man changed from a nomadic hunting system to a settled agricultural one, it became necessary for plants to furnish a greater proportion of his protein intake.
Spectrum of shear modes in the neutron-star crust: Estimating the nuclear-physics uncertainties

I construct a model of the inner crust of neutron stars using interactions from chiral effective field theory (EFT) in order to calculate its equation of state (EOS), shear properties, and the spectrum of crustal shear modes. I systematically study uncertainties associated with the nuclear physics input, the crust composition, and neutron entrainment, and estimate their impact on crustal shear properties and the shear-mode spectrum. I find that the uncertainties originate mainly in two sources: The neutron-matter EOS and neutron entrainment. I compare the spectrum of crustal shear modes to observed frequencies of quasiperiodic oscillations in the afterglow of giant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray bursts and find that all of these frequencies could be described within uncertainties, which are, however, at present too sizable to infer neutron-star properties from observations.
Child Conduct Problems Across Home and School Contexts: a Person-Centered Approach

To examine patterns of conduct problems across the home and school context, we used latent class analysis to analyze primary caregivers’ and teachers’ ratings on the conduct problems subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586, 1997) in the Family Life Project (N = 1,292), a prospective study of child development in rural and small town contexts. We found a similar four-class solution at 5 and 7 years of age. In decreasing prevalence, the following classes were identified: (1) low symptoms reported by both informants (low cross-context); (2) high parent-reported symptoms, low teacher-reported symptoms (home context); (3) low parent-reported symptoms, moderate teacher-reported symptoms (school context); and (4) high symptoms reported by both informants (high cross-context). Classes exhibited stability from age five to age seven: children were more likely to remain in the same class than to transition to a different class, and longitudinal stability was especially high for children in the low cross-context class at age 5. A number of child and family characteristics measured in early childhood (executive function, verbal ability, poverty-related risk, sensitive parenting, and parental depressive symptoms) were associated with class membership at age five and age seven, but were generally not associated with longitudinal transitions between classes.
Examining Measurement Invariance Across Gender in Self‐defining Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Using a Shortened Version of the Memory Experiences Questionnaire

Summary Participants between the ages of 18 and 94 years (n = 279) provided ratings on different phenomenological memory characteristics regarding a self-defining autobiographical memory by completing a slightly shortened version of the Memory Experiences Questionnaire. Results of a multi-group invariance analyses across men and women provided evidence of configural, metric, scalar, and structural invariance across gender. These results help to empirically substantiate the assumption that memory phenomenology is invariant across gender. Subsequent latent means analysis found that women, as compared with men, rated their self-defining memories as being more coherent, having greater emotional intensity, having greater sensory detail, having higher levels of vividness/time perspective, and being more likely to be from a first-person perspective. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MineBench: A Benchmark Suite for Data Mining Workloads

Data mining constitutes an important class of scientific and commercial applications. Recent advances in data extraction techniques have created vast data sets, which require increasingly complex data mining algorithms to sift through them to generate meaningful information. The disproportionately slower rate of growth of computer systems has led to a sizeable performance gap between data mining systems and algorithms. The first step in closing this gap is to analyze these algorithms and understand their bottlenecks. With this knowledge, current computer architectures can be optimized for data mining applications. In this paper, we present MineBench, a publicly available benchmark mark suite containing fifteen representative data mining applications belonging to various categories such as clustering, classification, and association rule mining. We believe that MineBench will be of use to those looking to characterize and accelerate data mining workloads.
Towards real-time embeded system design for video capturing and privacy protection

Real-time video processing is a challenge in many embedded system applications. They can be general-purpose processor based (software) or Custom single purpose processor based (hardware). Software processor based rely mostly on real-time operating system layer to allow multiple software threads to run concurrently. Hardware processor based don't need these layers because they are not executing any programs, but rather operate in finite state machines. Video Capturing, Color space co nversion, and Privacy protection are considered in this article as three fundamental components for effective and secure real-time video streaming system. The proposed model is based on concurrent finite state machines which is inherently concurrent. After careful verification, the proposed system is compared with a base point system. The base point system is built using a soft-core Nios II processor on a reconfigurable hardware, i.e., FPGA chip, for performance evaluations. Then a Custom Sequential Machine is designed and modeled in Verilog HDL, which utilizes integer calculations and has concurrent interfaces to input and output memory devices for synchronization purposes. The Custom Sequential Machine design uses integer approximation rather than floating point for color space conversion. A speed-up factor of 4 orders of magnitude higher than the base point system for color space conversion only. The base point system was not powerful enough to be serve real-time video capturing, processing and privacy protection, but was useful for illustration of the need of proposed system model.
Central Nervous System Dysfunction

Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction, whether the result of acquired injury, congenital defect, or developmental events, can have significant consequences for a child’s psychosocial functioning and classroom performance. The long-term sequelae of CNS insult may impair performance on many levels, with the severity of a student’s limitations being associated with the severity of the neurological insult. This chapter will focus on three types of CNS dysfunction and their implications for the student, school staff and school psychologist. We will provide the reader with a general understanding of the most common consequences of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), postconcussion syndrome, and seizure disorders. Relevant medical management and rehabilitation issues will be presented across all conditions. Pharmacological issues, especially as they pertain to seizures, will be presented because performance in the classroom may be affected by these medications. Behavioral interventions will receive special emphasis. Indeed, behavioral approaches to address CNS dysfunction have become increasingly important and commonplace (see for example, Dahl, 1992; Dahl, Brorson, & Melin, 1992; Fenwick, 1991; Horton & Miller, 1985; Horton & Sautter, 1986; Kuhn, Allen, & Shriver, 1995; Warzak & Kilburn, 1990).
Minimizing Cycle Time Of Job Scheduling Using Petri Nets a Study of Heuristic Methods

The objective of this paper is a study of minimizing the maximum completion time min Fmax, or cycle time of the last job of a given family of jobs using flow shop heuristic scheduling techniques. Three methods are presented: minimize idle time (MIT); Campbell, Dudek and Smith (CDS); and Palmer. An example problem with ten jobs and five machines is used to compare results of these methods. A deterministic t-timed colored Petri net model has been developed for scheduling problem. An execution of the deterministic timed Petri net allows to compute performance measures by applying graph traversing algorithms starting from initial global state and going into a desirable final state(s) of the production system. The objective of the job scheduling policy is minimizing the cycle time of the last job scheduled in the pipeline of a given family of jobs. Three heuristic scheduling methods have been implemented. First, a sub-optimal sequence of jobs to be scheduled is generated. Second, a Petri net-based simulator with graphical user interface to monitor execution of the sequence of tasks on machines is dynamically designed. A deterministic t-timed colored Petri net model has been developed and implemented for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). An execution of the deterministic timed Petri net into a reachability graph allows to compute performance measures by applying graph traversing algorithms starting from initial global state to a desirable final state(s) of the production system.
On the Boundaries of Framing Terrorism: Guilt, Victimization, and the 2016 Orlando Shooting

The 2016 Orlando shooting offers an intriguing lens through which to evaluate the boundaries of media frames in the interpretation of terrorism. Using an experimental design (N = 243), the current study investigated the effects of two dominant frames—the homophobic hate crime and the Islamic terrorist frame—on collective guilt, collective victimization, and pro–lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) political action. In addition, political partisanship and social network diversity were evaluated as potential moderators. Compared to the Islamic terrorist frame, exposure to the homophobic hate crime frame increased collective guilt and decreased collective victimization, subsequently enhancing support for the LGBTQ community. Moreover, social network diversity was shown to override the framing effect, as individuals who reported high diversity were more likely to sign a petition in solidarity with the LGBTQ community, irrespective of frame condition.
Obesity and Health Status among Urban vs. Suburban Elderly in Philadelphia and Surrounding Counties

Page 2 Introduction Page 3 Methodology Subjects Page 6 Chronic Conditions, Stress, Obesity Status, and Residence Page 7 Statistical Analysis Page 8 Results Page 9 Discussion Page 11 Appendix A Page 14 Appendix B Page 21 References Page 25
Time and Frequency

The amount of work needed to compute a transformation of a function depends quite heavily on the way it is represented by the computer. There are many advantages to using combination of more basic functions. In the early 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier chose sines and cosines as building blocks because he could obtain easy formulas for their derivatives. His work, augmented by many other researchers, showed that any given smooth function can be approximated arbitrarily well by a finite linear combination of sines and cosines. The number of components depends only on the smoothness of the target function and the desired degree of approximation. Such expansions provide compact descriptions of complicated functions and simplify the transmission and display of multimedia information.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Ethnic Skin

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States. While skin cancer occurs less commonly in ethnic skin, it is associated with increased ­morbidity and mortality as compared with Caucasian counterparts. As the ­demographics of the United States continue to trend toward a society with an anticipated 50% of the population with skin of color by 2050, it is imperative that physicians become familiar with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin cancer in ethnic skin. This chapter reviews special considerations when treating patients with skin of color with Mohs surgery.
Pain management and sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit

Several situations arise in the PICU patient that require the administration of drugs for sedation and analgesia. A "cookbook" approach is impossible because of the diversity of patient and clinical scenarios. When amnesia is required, these authors prefer a continuous infusion of a benzodiazepine such as midazolam or lorazepam. Although the majority of clinical experience has been with midazolam, lorazepam either by bolus dose or continuous infusion offers a cost-effective alternative. When analgesia is required, the addition of a continuous infusion of narcotic or the use of a PCA device in the older patient should prove effective. Although fentanyl is frequently chosen, morphine is an effective and cost-effective alternative for patients with stable cardiovascular function. The synthetic narcotics are recommended for neonates, especially following cardiac surgical procedures and those at risk for pulmonary vasospasm. Narcotics may also be used for the treatment of agitation in those situations that do not necessarily require analgesia. Our clinical experience suggests that narcotics may be more effective for sedation than benzodiazepines in children less than 1 year of age. When the above agents fail to be effective or are associated with cardiovascular depression, alternatives may include ketamine or pentobarbital. Ketamine may be useful for the unstable patient or those with a bronchospastic component to their disease process. We have found pentobarbital to be effective when the combination of benzodiazepines and narcotics fails to provide the desired level of sedation. Aside from these techniques, regional anesthesia may offer a more effective means of controlling pain in the PICU patient. These techniques may be effective when parenteral narcotics are inadequate or lead to undesired effects. Although most commonly used for postoperative analgesia, their use in patients with pain from other causes (e.g., multiple trauma) may be indicated, especially when parenteral narcotics may interfere with respiratory function or the ongoing assessment of the patient's mental status.
Design Considerations in Wearable Technology for Patients with Bipolar Disorder

This proceeding examines the unique aspects of wearable sensor technology in the domain of bipolar disorder. Specifically, the proceeding examines the current literature on the use cases, design, d...
EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION AND INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION OF THE CEO ON PERFORMANCE IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on the performance of senior managers in the private sector in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted the positivism research philosophy and descriptive correlational research design. The target population consisted of 984 senior managers reporting to the CEOs of 183 private sector companies under the umbrella of the Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA). A sample size of 284 was drawn using stratified random sampling, and data was collected using structured questionnaires. A response rate of 92% was realized. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics namely frequencies, means, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were also used in the analysis which included Pearson’s correlation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression. Results: Results of the multiple linear regression showed that the CEO’s intellectual stimulation significantly predicted performance of senior managers R 2 = .610, F (1, 260) = 405.015, p < .05, β = .781, t (260) = 20.125, p <.05. Further, multiple linear regression results indicated that the CEO’s individualized consideration significantly predicted performance of senior managers, R 2 = .524, F (1, 260) = 285.282, p < .05, β = .724, t (260) =16.890, p <05. Testing the influence of goal orientation as a moderating variable showed that goal orientation significantly moderated the relationship between the CEO’s intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and performance of senior managers in the private sector in Kenya, R 2 = .839, F (2, 5) = 265.099, p < .05, β = .111, t = 3.900, p< .05. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provides a unique contribution to the theory and practice of transformational leadership in a new context in terms how trаnsformаtionаl leadership behavior associated with the dimensions of intellectual stimulation аnd individualized consideration, affect the performance of senior managers in private sector organizations. The findings are useful for private sector organizations and policy makers in explaining effective leadership behaviors that can be applied by the CEO for improving performance of senior managers. These will be useful in enhancing performance improvement strategies. Researchers and academicians will also find the study useful in defining new research dimensions by using the research results to expand related arguments in future.
Western blot analysis of fermented-hydrolyzed foods utilizing gluten-specific antibodies employed in a novel multiplex competitive ELISA

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated gluten-specific antibodies (G12, R5, 2D4, MIoBS, and Skerritt), from nine commercial gluten ELISA test kits, previously utilized in the development of a multiplex competitive ELISA for the detection of fermented-hydrolyzed gluten, were utilized in western blot analyses of 59 fermented-hydrolyzed foods from four food groups (beer, soy-based sauces, vinegar, and sourdough bread). The protein/peptide profiles generated by the nine gluten-specific antibodies varied in size distribution and intensity dependent on the type of food, with minor differences between related products. Cluster analysis of the estimated gluten concentration values (based on western blot band intensities relative to intact gluten standards at 2.5 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL) and that of the relative response of the nine gluten-specific antibodies to different gluten proteins/peptides, distinguished among the different categories of fermented-hydrolyzed foods; comparable to what was observed in the multiplex competitive ELISA. Further, unlike the competitive ELISA, the western blot analyses distinguished between the presence of antigenic proteinaceous materials and false positives due to the presence of binding inhibitors (as observed with four soy-based sauces and one vinegar). Limitations of western blot analysis often include lower sensitivity than the comparable competitive ELISA and problems quantitating gluten-derived peptides and proteins. As a result, western blot analysis provides an orthogonal approach that can be used to both confirm the multiplex competitive ELISA while also providing additional insight into the protein/peptide profile of fermented-hydrolyzed foods.
Personalizing Prices to Redistribute Wealth

The information age is replacing the Invisible Hand with an algorithmic hand. Where once markets were governed by uniform prices determined for large groups of anonymous consumers by impersonal forces of supply and demand, today there is increasingly no such thing as a market price. Instead, firms use consumer data and sophisticated algorithms to charge individualized, personalized prices to each consumer in the market. That has transformed firms from price takers, forced by the Invisible Hand to charge market prices over which they have little control, into price makers, able to charge a personalized price to each consumer who clicks through to an online checkout. Left to their own devices, firms will use this new power to increase profits, by charging prices personalized to the maximum that each consumer is willing to pay. But the new power to personalize prices can also be used to benefit consumers, and virtually all of the legal rules needed to do so are already in place. Both the antitrust laws and state and federal rate regulatory regimes require enforcers to act to maximize consumer welfare, and both give enforcers the power to demand that firms personalize low, rather than the highest possible, prices. Before the information age made personalized pricing possible, enforcers hesitated to act aggressively to push prices down, because of efficiency concerns associated with manipulating market prices. But personalized prices are always efficient, whether set high by firms, or low by regulators, creating an unprecedented opportunity for government to do distributive justice.
Improved regressions with convolutional neural networks for surface enhanced Raman scattering sensing of metabolite biomarkers

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopy method that enables the quantification of the concentration of small molecules. SERS sensing has been demonstrated in a wide variety of applications, from explosive and drug detection, to monitoring of bacteria growth. Underpinning SERS sensing are the sensor surfaces that are composed of vast quantities of metal nanostructures which confine light into small gaps called “hotspots”, enhancing Raman scattering. While these surfaces are essential for increasing Raman scattering intensity so that analyte signal may be observed in small concentrations, they introduce signal variations due to spatial distributions of Raman enhancement and hotspot volume. In this work, we introduce a convolutional neural network model that improves concentration regressions in SERS sensors by learning the distributions of sensor surface dependent latent variables. We demonstrate that this model significantly improves predictions compared to a traditional multilayer perceptron approach, and that the model uses analyte spectral information and is capable of reasonable interpolations.
Associations Between Personality Traits and Cognitive Resilience in Older Adults.

Objectives The goal of this paper was to examine associations between personality traits and resilience to neuropathologic burden. Method Using data from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we identified a total of 1,375 participants with personality, cognitive, and post-mortem neuropathology data. We regressed cognition onto pathology and extracted the residuals as an indicator of cognitive resilience. We then modeled the effect of Big Five personality traits on cognitive resilience, adjusting for demographics, APOE status, medical comorbidities, and cognitive activity. The analytic plan was preregistered prior to data access or analysis, and all scripts and outputs are available online. Results Higher neuroticism was associated with greater vulnerability to pathology. Results from exploratory analyses suggest that higher conscientiousness was associated with less cognitive decline relative to the amount of pathology, or greater resilience. Education and cognitive activity did not moderate these associations. Discussion Personality may have a pathoplastic effect on neuropathology, as low neuroticism and high conscientiousness are associated with better function despite neuropathologic burden.
Stigma resulting from head lice infestation: A concept analysis and implications for public health.

Aim The aim of this concept analysis was to examine stigma in the context of head lice, illuminating its components and providing insights for the development of appropriate nursing interventions. Background Stigma associated with the phenomenon of head lice management is pervasive, promulgating fear and influencing policy and treatment practices. Few studies have examined stigma in this context. Method The method followed was the Rodgers's evolutionary method. Data sources Health, education, and social sciences databases were searched and yielded 20 articles spanning 1996-2018 used to create a relevant literature review. Results Stigma arising from head lice infestation is preceded by an actual or perceived case of head lice, negative perceptions of lice, negative perception of groups or persons with head lice, or being associated with a group or person of lesser status believed to be a carrier of head lice. Defining attributes include marks of infestation, negative and unfair beliefs, and shame. Consequences of stigma are economic costs, social costs, mistreatment, and overtreatment with pediculicides. Conclusion The concept of stigma in the context of head lice management is multifaceted. Further research is required to understand the magnitude of stigma as well as other factors associated with optimal treatment of children with head lice.
The Influence of CD28 Gene Polymorphism in Transfusion Reaction after Transfusing Leukoreduced Blood Components.

CTLA-4 and CD28 belong to co-stimulation molecules, the abnormal expression of which can regulate the T cell activation and then affect the degree of immune response. Moreover, blood transfusion reaction (TR) is a kind of immune reaction. Consequently, the hypothesis of this study was that the TR still occurred after transfusing leukoreduced blood components as a result of the sensitivity of immune system, and a small number of immune stimulations were enough to induce an immune response in patients. There were 38 cases and 36 healthy controls included in this study. The selected CD28 gene were sequenced to search single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), and the correlation between TR and these SNPs was analyzed. According to our data, only the rs3181097 (promoter, −1059) of CD28 gene polymorphism was associated with TR. The p value of rs3181097 under the co-dominant model was 0.031. GG was used as a reference genotype, the p value of GG vs. AG was 0.010 (OR: 0.210, 95% CI: 0.062–0.712), and GG vs. AG + AA was 0.028 (OR: 0.292, 95% CI: 0.095–0.901). In addition to CTLA-4, CD28 gene was also a crucial SNP in TR, because there was a signification for the haplotype with Grs3181097 (p = 0.015). Consequently, we suggested that the TR was related to CD28 by regulating the degree of immune response.