cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of niacin and whole cottonseed on intake, milk yield and composition, and systemic responses of dairy cows.

Twenty-four Holstein cows (early postpartum) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to compare effects of nicotinic acid (niacin) and whole cottonseed. Cows were fed individually isonitrogenous complete mixed rations ad libitum, containing corn-soy concentrate, corn silage, chopped coastal bermudagrass hay, and either 1) 0% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, 2) 0% niacin and 15% whole cottonseed, 3) .03% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, or 4) .03% niacin and 15% whole cottonseed. Dry matter and energy consumption, actual milk yield, total milk solids, and milk fat yield were not affected by treatment. Either niacin or whole cottonseed increased milk fat percentage and 4% fat-corrected milk. Milk protein percentage and yield were higher with niacin supplementation but tended to be lower with cottonseed feeding. The milk protein depression with whole cottonseed was alleviated by niacin due to stimulation of mammary casein synthesis. Supplemental niacin tended to elevate glucose and insulin in blood plasma, but whole cottonseed tended to reduce these plasma components. Plasma urea nitrogen was higher in cows fed whole cottonseed. Plasma-free tryptophan tended to be slightly higher in cows receiving supplemental niacin.
Surface profiling and characterization of microlenses utilizing a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

We report on the characterization of microlenses utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) surface profile obtained from a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. This method can be applied to most types of microlenses, especially liquid ones. Both a solid and a liquid microlens were characterized. The surface data was analyzed and then exported into Zemax to compute their optical properties. The wavefront error of the liquid lens tested increased from 0.44 to 2.41 waves as its focal length was tuned from 10.1 to 4.3 mm. The surface profiles can also be used to study the effect of gravity on microlenses and surface wetting for optimizing the lens fabrication procedure.
A bangiophyte red alga from the Proterozoic of arctic Canada

Silicified peritidal carbonate rocks of the 1250- to 750-million-year-old Hunting Formation, Somerset Island, arctic Canada, contain fossils of well-preserved bangiophyte red algae. Morphological details, especially the presence of multiseriate filaments composed of radially arranged wedge-shaped cells derived by longitudinal divisions from disc-shaped cells in uniseriate filaments, indicate that the fossils are related to extant species in the genus Bangia. Such taxonomic resolution distinguishes these fossils from other pre-Ediacaran eukaryotes and contributes to growing evidence that multicellular algae diversified well before the Ediacaran radiation of large animals.
The octave illusion in relation to handedness and familial handedness background

The octave illusion is produced by a dichotic sequence of tones that alternate in frequency between 400 and 800 Hz, such that when the right ear receives 400 Hz the left ear receives 800 Hz; and vice versa. Most listeners obtain the illusion of a single high tone in one ear alternating with a single low tone in the other ear. Further, most right-handers hear the high tone on the right and low tone on the left. The present study examined localization patterns in this illusion as a function of handedness and also of familial handedness background. The effect of handedness was highly significant: the tendency to hear the high tone on the right and the low tone on the left was lower among mixed handers and left-handers than among right-handers. The effect of familial handedness background was also highly significant: the tendency to hear the high tone on the right and the low tone on the left was lower among those with a sinistral familial background than among those with a purely dextral familial background. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that perception of the illusion serves as a reflection of the direction of cerebral dominance in most individuals.
Anaerobic degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons

Over the last two decades significant advances have been made in our understanding of the anaerobic biodegradability of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. It is now known that compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and all three xylene isomers can be biodegraded in the absence of oxygen by a broad diversity of organisms. These compounds have been shown to serve as carbon and energy sources for bacteria growing phototrophically, or respiratorily with nitrate, manganese, ferric iron, sulfate, or carbon dioxide as the sole electron acceptor. In addition, it has also been recently shown that complete degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons can also be coupled to the respiration of oxyanions of chlorine such as perchlorate or chlorate, or to the reduction of the quinone moieties of humic substances. Many pure cultures of hydrocarbon-degrading anaerobes now exist and some novel biochemical and genetic pathways have been identified. In general, a fumarate addition reaction is used as the initial activation step of the catabolic process of the corresponding monoaromatic hydrocarbon compounds. However, other reactions may alternatively be involved depending on the electron acceptor utilized or the compound being degraded. In the case of toluene, fumarate addition to the methyl group mediated by benzylsuccinate synthase appears to be the universal mechanism of activation and is now known to be utilized by anoxygenic phototrophs, nitrate-reducing, Fe(III)-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic cultures. Many of these biochemical pathways produce unique extracellular intermediates that can be utilized as biomarkers for the monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation in anaerobic natural environments.
Numerical Modeling of Cavitation in Jet Fuel

Numerical modeling of cavitation in jet fuel with application to aircraft fuel systems and fuel actuation components, such as valves and pumps, is presented. The primary focus is on evaluating the cavitation model available in the commercial computational fluid dynamic package Fluent. A discussion of jet fuel properties relevant to cavitation modeling is presented and its impact on the accuracy of the numerical results is discussed. Initial simulation results are compared to 1D theory and experimental results acquired in a benchmark flow facility consisting of 16:1 converging-diverging planar nozzle. Simulation results are in qualitative agreement with experiment for the onset of cavitation, but do not adequately capture the persistence of bubble propagation in the diuser. The need for well-defined fuel vapor properties at elevated pressure and temperature for accurate cavitation modeling in fuel systems is also discussed.
Handbook of Best Practices for Geothermal Drilling

This Handbook is a description of the complex process that comprises drilling a geothermal well. The focus of the detailed Chapters covering various aspects of the process (casing design, cementing, logging and instrumentation, etc) is on techniques and hardware that have proven successful in geothermal reservoirs around the world. The Handbook will eventually be linked to the Geothermal Implementing Agreement (GIA) web site, with the hope and expectation that it can be continually updated as new methods are demonstrated or proven.
The incidence of prostate cancer in patients under the age of 60 from an urban setting

14622 Background: Although the risk for developing prostate cancer increases with age, few studies have reported the incidence of prostate cancer in men younger than 60 from an urban setting. Metho...
Computational modeling of electro-elasto-capillary phenomena in dielectric elastomers

Abstract We present a new finite deformation, dynamic finite element model that incorporates surface tension to capture elastocapillary effects on the electromechanical deformation of dielectric elastomers. We demonstrate the significant effect that surface tension can have on the deformation of dielectric elastomers through three numerical examples: (1) surface tension effects on the deformation of single finite elements with homogeneous boundary conditions; (2) surface tension effects on instabilities in constrained dielectric elastomer films, and (3) surface tension effects on bursting drops in solid dielectrics. Generally, we find that surface tension creates a barrier to instability nucleation. Specifically, we find in agreement with recent experimental studies of constrained dielectric elastomer films a transition in the surface instability mechanism depending on the elastocapillary length. The present results indicate that the proposed methodology may be beneficial in studying the electromechanical deformation and instabilities for dielectric elastomers in the presence of surface tension.
Access Channel Model for Na+ and K+ Translocation by the Na+/K+-pump

Recent studies (6, 1) have strongly suggested that external Na+ and K+ reach their binding sites deep within the Na+/K+-pump via a high-field access channel. Pre-steadystate transient currents measured under Na+/Na+-exchange conditions are dependent on external [Na+] ([Na]o) and are asymmetrically voltage dependent (4, 3) as expected for an access channel. The voltage dependence of the apparent affinity for external [K+]-([K]o) activation of steady-state pump current (5) suggests that external K+ binding sites are also located within the membrane field. Since there must be at least two voltage-dependent steps in the pump cycle to produce steady-state pump current-voltage (I-V) relationships that have regions of both positive and negative slope (5), we decided to ask how well a simple access channel model with only two voltage-dependent rate coefficients can explain the observed voltage dependence of pump current.
The Impacts of Cost Determinism in Architectural Foundation Design Education: An Analysis of Foundation Design Studio

Abstract This research concerns teaching cost as an integral design determinant during architectural foundation design education. Design studio course description, syllabi, and studio projects of selected architectural foundation design programs were analysed and the U.S.-based architecture educators and design professionals were surveyed to investigate the degree to which their perspectives and methods of teaching cost conscious and economic design concepts in foundation design education. The result suggests that both academics and design professionals value in learning cost conscious and economic design concepts during foundation design education, however, overall systematic studio courses which teach cost as an integral design determinant were absent.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Large-Area CN x Nanotube Arrays

Well-aligned nitrogen-doped multiwall carbon nanotube arrays have been successfully grown over large areas on quartz and silicon wafers by floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures (600 degrees C). These nitrogen-including nanotubes, derived from pyridine-ferrocene mixtures, have smaller outer diameters but larger inner diameters compared with carbon nanotubes grown from a xylene-ferrocene mixture under similar conditions. The N-doped nanotubes exhibit bamboo-like structures in the core. Elemental analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis show that the as-prepared nanotubes contain as much as 2.62 wt.% N, with most of the N concentrated in the inner few shells of the nanotube. Such large-scale arrays of well-aligned N-doped nanotubes on silicon wafers have a current density as high as 23.8 mA/cm2 at an applied electric field of 17 V/micron, which can be further improved by patterning the tubes and coating the silicon substrate with a conductive thin metal film for the fabrication of flat panel displays.
Surveillance of Antibody Level Against Group A and C of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis Among Healthy Population in Urumqi Area

ObjectiveIn order to explore the IgG antibody level against A and C epidmic cerebrospinal meningitis among healthy population in 7 regions and 1 county of Urumqi area.MethodsFive hundred and twenty-five samples of sera from healthy population were collected and detected the serogroup A and C specific IgG antibody by ELISA.ResultsThe result showed that the positive rate of seragroup A antibody was 26.29% and the GMT was 1∶1.42.There were significant differentces in GMT among 5-year-old group and 35-year-old group(χ2=31.82,P0.01).The positive rate of C antibody was 13.33% with the GMT of 1∶18.ConclusionsThe acquired immunity of the group A and C epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is low,the average positive rate of the antibody level of cerebrospinal meningitis is 39.62% and the GMT is 1∶1.68.It hasn't any protectable effect on cerebrospinal meningitis.We suggest that the group A and C of meningitis bacterium should incorporate to the immune project,and the surveillance will be continue to the serogroup A and C specific IgG antibody.
Overvoltage Monitoring System for Capacitor Based on Plant Information Database

In order to facilitate real-time monitoring of bus voltage and capacitor terminal voltage by operators while switching the capacitor,the 35 kV bus voltage and capacitor overvoltage monitoring system for 500 kV substation in Zhejiang province is developed based on plant information(PI) database and ProcessBook.This system can carry out real-time monitoring analysis of the bus voltage and capacitor overvoltage and serve as a reference for grid operators.
Locating primitive communism in capitalist social formations

This essay argues that examining everyday dynamics in working-class communities, variable as they are through race and gender intersections, gives us a way of investigating the persistence and partial reproduction of primitive communism within capitalist social formations. Visible through occasions and needs demanding the creation of use-values beyond mere consumption, a resistant and non-capitalist set of work and exchange relations exist alongside—and at times in opposition to—institutions and dynamics that reproductive of capitalism. These non-exclusive spheres of kin-constituting work, pooling, and sharing in structurally precarious neighborhoods and transnational networks are ways of trying to ensure relative security, continuity, and sustaining relationships. Within them, we need to reconceptualize work as distinct from labor and query the labor theory of value as inappropriate for appreciating the core relations of primitive communism. By this kind of analysis, we find a way to bring feminist approaches to revitalize articulating modes of production debates in Marxism and to permit appreciating in practice the meaning of making use-values in producing enduring resistance.
Modeling Stress and Anxiety in Zebrafish

While zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely utilized as a model species for neuroscience research, they also possess several qualities that make them particularly useful for studying stress and anxiety-related behaviors. Zebrafish neuroendocrine responses are robust, and correlate strongly with behavioral endpoints. These fish are also highly sensitive to various environmental challenges, including novelty stress, exposure to predators, alarm pheromone, anxiogenic drugs, and drug withdrawal. In addition, varying levels of baseline anxiety can be observed in different strains of zebrafish. Collectively, this supports the validity and efficacy of the adult zebrafish model for studying both acute and chronic anxiety.
Gregor von Tours

Aus adliger, zahlreiche Bischofe hervorbringender Familie; 563 Diakon, 573 Bischof von Tours; enge Kontakte zu den merowingischen Konigen; bedeutendster Historiker der Epoche und Verfasser theologischer und hagiographischer Werke.
Alexia, Agraphia, and Frontal Lobe Damage

The case history of a right-handed woman who developed severe and stable alexia and agraphia following a circumscribed surgical lesion in the premotor cortex is reported from the Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
Coming to the Mainland and the Acculturation Process

Why do individuals and families migrate from “the Island” to the mainland? Were their aspirations met? How extensive are their ties to the Island culture? How “Anglocized” have they become? How much English do they speak, read, and write? Do they socialize with non-Hispanics? Do they watch Hispanic TV and listen to Hispanic music? What do they consider their main identity to be: Puerto Rican or American? How do we measure and what is their degree of acculturation and identity?
Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mice lack a protective B-cell response against the "nonlethal" Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL malaria protozoan.

Background. Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL is a nonlethal malaria strain in mice of different genetic backgrounds including the C57BL/6 mice () used in this study as a control strain. We have compared the trends of blood stage infection with the nonlethal murine strain of P. yoelii 17XNL malaria protozoan in immunocompetent Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mice prone to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and C57BL/6 mice (control mice) that are not prone to T1D and self-cure the P. yoelii 17XNL infection. Prediabetic NOD mice could not mount a protective antibody response to the P. yoelii 17XNL-infected red blood cells (iRBCs), and they all succumbed shortly after infection. Our data suggest that the lack of anti-P. yoelii 17XNL-iRBCs protective antibodies in NOD mice is a result of parasite-induced, Foxp3
Disparities in Health Supervision for Children With Down Syndrome.

Increasing evidence suggests children with Down syndrome do not receive recommended health care services. We retrospectively assessed adherence to the 2001 American Academy of Pediatrics health supervision guidelines for 124 children with Down syndrome. Cervical spine radiographs were completed for 94% of children, often preoperatively. Adherence to complete blood count recommendations was 55% (95% CI 44% to 66%); lower for males (P = .01) and children with private medical insurance (P = .04). Adherence to thyroid function recommendations was 61% (95% CI 54% to 67%); higher for children seen by a pediatrician (P = .002) and with known thyroid disease (P < .0001). Adherence to audiology and ophthalmology recommendations was 33% (95% CI 27% to 40%) and 43% (95% CI 37% to 50%), respectively. Adherence rates were higher for children referred to an otolaryngologist (P = .0002) and with known eye disease (P < .0001). Future efforts should identify barriers to care and improve adherence to recommended screening.
Orbit: Lacrimal Gland Biopsy

The lacrimal gland biopsy is usually performed to diagnose or rule out an underlying condition. Occasionally disorders arising in the lacrimal gland can indicate systemic disease. Patients with a lacrimal gland tumor will often present with proptosis and/or fullness of the superolateral orbit with or without inferonasal globe dystopia. More frequently, patients may have symptoms of idiopathic orbital inflammation or infectious dacryoadenitis, which may necessitate biopsy. It is classically taught that only the orbital portion of the lacrimal gland should be biopsied due to the risk of injury to the secretory ductules passing through the palpebral lobe. Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
A pilot study of zoledronic acid in the treatment of patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma.

PURPOSE Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with a dismal median survival of <12 months with current therapy. Single and combination chemotherapy regimens have shown only modest clinical benefit. In preclinical studies, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid) inhibit growth of mesothelioma cells by different mechanisms: inhibition of mevalonate pathway, inhibition of angiogenesis, activation of apoptosis through caspase activation, and alteration in activity of matrix metalloproteinases, thereby affecting invasiveness of cancer cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the role of zoledronic acid in a pilot, single-arm trial of MPM patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2 who had progressed on prior treatments or had not received systemic therapy due to poor PS. Primary end point was composite response rate by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and/or metabolic response by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography criteria. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory end points include the effect of zoledronic acid therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin 8, transforming growth factor beta, mesothelin, and osteopontin levels. RESULTS Eight male patients (median age of 62 years) with the following clinical characteristics were treated; ECOG PS was 0-2, 75% with epithelioid type, and 62% had prior chemotherapy Overall composite response rate was 12.5% and the clinical benefit rate (response + stable disease) was 37.5%. Median PFS was 2 months (0.5-21 months) and median OS was 7 months (0.8-28 months). No treatment-related toxicities were observed. Lower VEGF levels were predictive of favorable response and mesothelin levels correlated with disease course. CONCLUSION Zoledronic acid shows modest clinical activity without significant toxicity in patients with advanced MPM.
Effect of thyroid hormone on cardiac function following orthotopic heart transplantation in piglets.

Studies in adult HT have demonstrated improved cardiac function in the recipient following administration of T3 to the donor. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effects of T3 on the function of the immature donor heart following HT in a piglet model. A total of 32 piglets were divided into 16 donors and 16 recipients. Following creation of brain death, half of the donor piglets were randomized to receive three doses of T3 (0.2 μg/kg) along with hydrocortisone (1 mg/kg). The donor hearts were then transplanted into the recipient piglets on CPB. Duration of survival off CPB, inotrope score, and EF of heart following CPB were evaluated. There were no differences between the two groups in age, weight, pre-brain death EF, T3 levels, and CPB times. Post-CPB survival times were inversely related to the ischemic times in both groups (Pearson r=-0.80, P<.001), and this relationship was not influenced by T3. There was no difference in inotrope score, EF, or biochemical assessment between the two groups. Administration of T3 in combination with hydrocortisone to the brain-dead donor confers no beneficial effect on myocardial function or survival following HT in a piglet model.
Intramolecular signaling in a cardiac connexin: Role of cytoplasmic domain dimerization

Abstract Gap junctions, composed of connexins, mediate electrical coupling and impulse propagation in the working myocardium. In the human heart, the spatio-temporal regulation and distinct functional properties of the three dominant connexins (Cx43, Cx45, and Cx40) suggests non-redundant physiological roles for each isoform. There are substantial differences in gating properties, expression, and trafficking among these isoforms, however, little is known about the determinants of these different phenotypes. To gain insight regarding these determinants, we focused on the carboxyl-terminal (CT) domain because of its importance in channel regulation and large degree of sequence divergence among connexin family members. Using in vitro biophysical experiments, we identified a structural feature unique to Cx45: high affinity ( K D ~ 100 nM) dimerization between CT domains. In this study, we sought to determine if this dimerization occurs in cells and to identify the biological significance of the dimerization. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, we demonstrate that the CT domains dimerize at the plasma membrane. By inhibiting CT dimerization with a mutant construct, we show that CT dimerization is necessary for proper Cx45 membrane localization, turnover, phosphorylation status, and binding to protein partners. Furthermore, CT dimerization is needed for normal intercellular communication and hemichannel activity. Altogether, our results demonstrate that CT dimerization is a structural feature important for correct Cx45 function. This study is significant because discovery of how interactions mediated by the CT domains can be modulated would open the door to strategies to ameliorate the pathological effects of altered connexin regulation in the failing heart.
Fabrication of coronagraph masks and laboratory scale star-shade masks: characteristics, defects, and performance

NASA WFIRST mission has planned to include a coronagraph instrument to find and characterize exoplanets. Masks are needed to suppress the host star light to better than 10-8 – 10-9 level contrast over a broad bandwidth to enable the coronagraph mission objectives. Such masks for high contrast coronagraphic imaging require various fabrication technologies to meet a wide range of specifications, including precise shapes, micron scale island features, ultra-low reflectivity regions, uniformity, wave front quality, etc. We present the technologies employed at JPL to produce these pupil plane and image plane coronagraph masks, and lab-scale external occulter masks, highlighting accomplishments from the high contrast imaging testbed (HCIT) at JPL and from the high contrast imaging lab (HCIL) at Princeton University. Inherent systematic and random errors in fabrication and their impact on coronagraph performance are discussed with model predictions and measurements.
Trauma-informed Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Two-Generation Impact

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has limited success in building self-sufficiency, and rarely addresses exposure to trauma as a barrier to employment. The objective of the Building Wealth and Health Network randomized controlled trial was to test effectiveness of financial empowerment combined with trauma-informed peer support against standard TANF programming. Through the method of single-blind randomization we assigned 103 caregivers of children under age six into three groups: control (standard TANF programming), partial (28-weeks financial education), and full (same as partial with simultaneous 28-weeks of trauma-informed peer support). Participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys every 3 months over 15 months. Group response rates were equivalent throughout. With mixed effects analysis we compared post-program outcomes at months 9, 12, and 15 to baseline. We modeled the impact of amount of participation in group classes on participant outcomes. Despite high exposure to trauma and adversity results demonstrate that, compared to the other groups, caregivers in the full intervention reported improved self-efficacy and depressive symptoms, and reduced economic hardship. Unlike the intervention groups, the control group reported increased developmental risk among their children. Although the control group showed higher levels of employment, the full intervention group reported greater earnings. The partial intervention group showed little to no differences compared with the control group. We conclude that financial empowerment education with trauma-informed peer support is more effective than standard TANF programming at improving behavioral health, reducing hardship, and increasing income. Policymakers may consider adapting TANF to include trauma-informed programming.
A new look at a smart polling model

We analyze a Markovian smart polling model, which is a special case of the smart polling models studied in the work of Boon et al. (Queueing Syst 66:239–274, 2010), as well as a generalization of the gated M / M / 1 queue considered in Resing and Rietman (Stat Neerlandica 58:97–110, 2004). We first derive tractable expressions for the stationary distribution (when it exists) as well as the Laplace transforms of the transition functions of this polling model—while further assuming the system is empty at time zero—and we also present simple necessary and sufficient conditions for ergodicity of the smart polling model. Finally, we conclude the paper by briefly explaining how these techniques can be used to study other interesting variants of this smart polling model.
Dynamic crack propagation studies in polymers

One of the important factors which should be considered in formulating fracturepropagation theories is the nature of energy dissipation at the crack tip, particularly, the fracture surface work (energy) dependence on crack velocity. In treating fracture propagation problems in polymeric materials, consideration of crack velocity and temperature influences on fracture surface work is essential since properties of polymers are strongly influenced by strain rate (crack velocity) and temperature, and in addition characteristic glass or glass—glass transition temperatures of polymers are much closer to testing or application temperatures than the melting or phase change temperatures of metals or ceramics.
A pilot interprofessional program to promote oral health and wellness in Appalachian children

Abstract In a first of its kind authentic clinical interprofessional education (IPE) experience, University of Kentucky (UK) health profession students joined dental students to implement a pilot program to promote oral health and wellness with children living in underserved Appalachian communities. Known as hCATS (Health Colleges Advancing Team Skills) to Appalachia, a total of 113 students participated in interprofessional teams of 48 health profession students paired with 65 dentistry students to provide health services. Although the UK College of Dentistry has provided sealant services (tooth decay prevention) to elementary school children for several decades in eastern Kentucky counties, funding through the UK Women and Philanthropy Network allowed services to expand to include general health screening and age-appropriate education on oral health, nutrition, exercise, and prevention of substance abuse. The UK Center for Interprofessional Health Education (CIHE) coordinated the efforts for students from the colleges of Communication and Information Sciences, Health Sciences, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health, and Social Work. In addition to the clinical experience in the elementary schools, nursing and other health profession students explored the health resources of the communities visited and reflected on their experience in collaborative practice that the program was designed to encourage. The authors noted positive outcomes with interprofessional education competencies, although more structure for collaboration is required to ensure students who work with other professions in an authentic clinical setting can gain early relevant practice in, and experience the benefits of, collaborative patient care.
The Association of Pathology Chairs’ Pathology Leadership Academy: Experience From the First 2 Years:

Leadership development and succession planning are critical to ensure continued strength of academic pathology. The Association of Pathology Chairs developed the Pathology Leadership Academy to prepare future academic leaders. The purpose of this report is to describe: (1) Pathology Leadership Academy's development and curriculum, (2) how Pathology Leadership Academy has met leadership development needs for individuals and academic departments in its first 2 years, (3) Pathology Leadership Academy's future directions based on program feedback. Results were analyzed from pre- and postprogram needs assessment surveys of pathology chairs and from evaluations from Pathology Leadership Academy participants in the first 2 years. Pathology Leadership Academy curriculum was developed from topics identified as priorities in the chairs' survey. Twenty-eight (90%) of 31 responding participants were very satisfied/satisfied with Pathology Leadership Academy. Of the 18 responding chairs who sent a participant to Pathology Leadership Academy, 11 (61%) reported that Pathology Leadership Academy met their faculty development goal. Of all responding chairs, 13 (32%) of 41 reported uncertainty as to whether Pathology Leadership Academy is meeting chairs' goals. Chairs reported that Pathology Leadership Academy provided value to their faculty through preparation for a future leadership role, enhancing skills for a current role, and enhancing understanding of opportunities and challenges in academic medicine. Most chairs (27/43, 66%) said Pathology Leadership Academy should be offered again; 13 (32%) of 43 were uncertain, and 1 (2%) of 43 said no. Initial experience of Pathology Leadership Academy is positive and promising and provides opportunity for leadership succession planning in academic pathology. Pathology Leadership Academy will use participant and chair feedback for ongoing curricular development to ensure topics continue to address major needs of academic pathology.
“Dancing” with the Extreme Right: Do New Partners Bring New Dangers to Germany?

The recent, unprecedented success of the extreme right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party in the German federal parliamentary elections has raised concerns about German democracy. Are we witnessing a new phenomenon, or are we seeing the latest phase of German voters’ “dance” with right-ring parties? Do East Germans change this cycle and, if so, why might that be? An historical examination of these questions, followed by an evaluation of East Germany since reunification, with special emphasis on a small city in Thuringia offers potential answers to these questions. A comparison with the current US national political situation concludes this chapter.
Late Contained Aortic Root Rupture After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis

A 55-year-old man presented to our institution with decompensated congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe aortic stenosis (AS) with a mean gradient of 48 mm Hg and a calculated aortic valve area of 0.3 cm2. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 15%. Multidetector
Electrochemical C–H oxygenation and alcohol dehydrogenation involving Fe-oxo species using water as the oxygen source

High-valent iron-oxo complexes are key intermediates in C–H functionalization reactions. Herein, we report the generation of a (TAML)Fe-oxo species (TAML = tetraamido macrocyclic ligand) via electrochemical proton-coupled oxidation of the corresponding (TAML)FeIII–OH2 complex. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and spectroelectrochemical studies are used to elucidate the relevant (TAML)Fe redox processes and determine the predominant (TAML)Fe species present in solution during bulk electrolysis. Evidence for iron(IV) and iron(V) species is presented, and these species are used in the electrochemical oxygenation of benzylic C–H bonds and dehydrogenation of alcohols to ketones.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Stop the Spread of Clostridium Difficile (C. diff) in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Unit

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale C. difficile is the most common organism to cause healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in the United States (Dubberke, Carling, Carrico, Donskey, Loo, McDonald, et al., 2014). C. diff infection (CDI) rates in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) recipients are up to 9-fold higher than those in other inpatient units due to weakened immune systems, long hospitalizations and antibiotic treatments (Bruminhent, Wang, Hu, Wagner, Sunday, Hegarty, et al., 2014). The nursing team and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) personnel on the HSCT unit noticed the cluster of HAI CDI. From January to June 2019 the unit had a total of 10 cases; 6 cases alone were in May 2019, raising concern about daily practice. Evidence-based strategies have been implemented to reduce environmental contamination and increase education of patients, visitors, and staff. This paper describes how the unit established a “ZERO Harm” comprehensive plan to reduce the number of HAI CDI by 20% in six months on a 16-bed HSCT inpatient unit. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis Established meetings with Environmental Service (EVS) and Food & Nutrition (F&N) and nursing team to discuss action plan. • Implemented double cleaning of room, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inspection for isolation rooms. • Educated staff regarding sending stool specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. • Utilized disposable food trays, stethoscopes and pillows. • Implemented a “No sharing” rule for mobile equipment such as weight scales. • Validated on proper cleanliness of shared equipment such as glucometers by the fluorescent dye. • Educated clinicians in the proper practice of PPE and hand hygiene. Findings & Interpretation The HSCT unit had 13 cases of HAI CDI in 2017, 25 cases in 2018 and 10 cases from January to June 2019. The intervention started in July 2019 and HAI CDI data will be collected until December 2019 for post-intervention evaluation. Discussion & Implications Environmental cleanliness, proper precautions, and education are vital to reduce CDI. Collaboration between nurses, IPC, EVS, and F&N is essential to stop CDI transmission. Utilizing ATP testing and the fluorescent dye method helps to validate proper cleanliness of the environment. Despite reducing HAI CDI to one case in August 2019, there were opportunities identified related to equipment cleanliness and educational gap. Obtaining disposable curtains and additional weight scales is considered. The future implementation of a “clean protocol” for nursing is next step.
Trace element release from combustion ash co-disposed with municipal solid waste

Ash products from coal and municipal solid waste combustion constitute a waste stream with characteristics that, unless recycled, require specific disposal practices. Although traditional disposal involves ash placement in a cell dedicated solely for the ash (monofill), new regulations for the management of coal combustion residues in the US might lead to more co-disposal of these residues with unburned municipal solid waste (MSW) that has not been combusted or otherwise processed. Both monofill and co-disposal practices are currently utilized for MSW incineration ash in the US. Column tests were performed using landfill leachate as a leaching solution to simulate co-disposal conditions of ash with MSW, while DI water was used to simulate monofilling. Mobility of As, B and V from coal fly ash was enhanced in the presence of landfill leachate in both batch and column tests, and a similar trend was observed for Cd and Mo release from MSW incineration ash. For several elements, release was greater with the column procedure relative to the batch procedure. The results suggest that long-term implications of co-disposal should be factored into decisions regarding which disposal scenario to pursue.
Field Focusing for Implanted Medical Devices

In this paper, we present a novel method of electromagnetic field focusing applicable to 3D implantable devices. Focusing is achieved using two lines that guide the incident wave deeper into the body and concentrate it around their respective tips. The small gap between the tips of the lines provides constructive coupling and augments the focused field. Compared to the case where no lines are used, the focused power is 8 times and 16 times larger if one line and two lines are utilized, respectively. The proposed design can be modified to focus fields with arbitrary polarizations at different depths inside the body. We propose a method to create this focusing structure by extrusion inside the body using heat-activated polymer-based conductors.
Adolescent Peer Experiences and Prospective Suicidal Ideation: The Protective Role of Online-Only Friendships

Objective: This study examined characteristics of online-only friendships among suicidal and non-suicidal adolescents. In addition, the extent to which adolescents’ online-only friendships may offe...
Keeping One's Word in Commercial and Non-Commercial Contexts

In Hebrew, the process of earning a living is sometimes referred to as Milhemet ha-Hayyim (literally, the 'war of life'), because it involves daily battles against dangerous adversaries. And there are many casualties in this war. Consider, for instance, the countless thousands of employees and investors who lost their entire life savings in the corporate collapses between 2000-2003. Consider, also, the equally countless numbers of people who, influenced by the immoral ambiance of the commercial environment in which they struggle, have developed so thick an ethical callous that they have lost all touch of what constitutes proper conduct. While secular ethics, especially but not merely professional ethics, seem predicated on the assumption of role-differentiated morality, whereby separate sets of normative rules apply to a person's private and commercial lives, Jewish law demands a single, consistently high level of moral behavior. This article focuses on one ethical concept: fulfilling one's oral commitments. The article attempts to accomplish two principal objects. First, it illustrates the Jewish law process. It shows how Jewish law rules are derived from the analytical exegesis of primary sources. Second, it shows how Jewish law flexibly employs a wide range of sanctions to ensure that a person fulfills his or her oral commitments.
Making the Internal Revenue Service Work

This is an Article about how to redesign the federal tax system so that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) can administer it more effectively given that Congress is only willing to let the IRS have around 82,000 employees and a $12 billion budget. As the IRS Oversight Board and the National Taxpayer Advocate have frequently emphasized, the United States underinvests in the IRS. Underinvesting means that taxpayer services are suffering and that tax enforcement has been significantly weakened. With budget deficits for “as far as the eye can see” and the recent IRS troubles with tax-exempt political organizations, the prospects for increased funding for the IRS are remote. In this Article, we consider a variety of approaches that would make it easier for the IRS to raise and collect revenue, and we offer a number of recommendations for legislative and administrative changes. For example, we recommend simplifying the tax system, enhancing third-party reporting, and streamlining the tax-filing and dispute-resolution procedures. In short, this Article discusses how the tax system should be designed so that it can work with a modestly-funded tax administrator. Part II of this Article provides an overview of the federal tax system, and Part III of this Article provides an overview of tax administration. Part IV of this Article discusses the key problems with current tax administration. Finally, Part V of this Article offers a number of recommendations for change, including some that would require legislation and some that could be achieved administratively.
Nest survival, predator assemblage, and patterns of predation at Veery (Catharus fuscescens) nests in a mature forest landscape

Predation is typically the primary cause of nest failure for songbirds, even within unfragmented forested landscapes. In recent years, video cameras have been used to study causes and patterns of nest failure in a variety of habitats and regions. However, surprisingly few video camera studies have been performed in forests of northeastern North America. Over 5 years, we monitored Veery (Catharus fuscescens) nesting success in a mature forest landscape in northeastern Pennsylvania and used video cameras at a subset of nests to identify the predator assemblage and to describe relevant patterns of predation. Overall, we located 289 nests and recorded 67 of these nests with video cameras. Annual nest survival rates varied substantially across years (0.17–0.44) with this variation driven primarily by the dominant source of nest mortality: predation. Video cameras recorded 40 predation events by 12 predator species. Mammals (7 species), birds (4 species), and snakes (1 species) accounted for 75%, 20%, and 2.5% of predation events recorded, respectively. Predation events occurred during the day more often than expected by chance. Logistic exposure analyses indicated that both camera presence and nest age affected nest survival by influencing predation rates, but date did not. The diverse predator community observed depredating Veery nests led to low nesting success in some years, but also demonstrated that causes of nest failure vary by year and cannot be attributed to any single predator species or group. A greater apparent predation rate at nests with cameras likely resulted from a more frequent visitation rate to these nests by researchers compared to those without cameras and suggests a potential bias with artificially decreased nest survival estimates in years in which cameras were used.
Group IIA secretory phospholipase 2 independently predicts mortality and positive blood culture in emergency department sepsis patients.

Objective The IIA isoform of phospholipase A2 is an acute phase reactant that increases in sepsis, although data regarding its prognostic value are limited. We hypothesized that group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) predicts sepsis mortality and positive cultures and sought to compare its predictive characteristics to lactate and procalcitonin. Methods sPLA2-IIA and procalcitonin levels were measured at enrollment in emergency department patients with early severe sepsis and compared with lactate levels. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was any positive culture with a sub-group analysis of only blood-culture positive patients. Optimum cut-point was determined using receiver operating characteristics curves. A multivariable model was developed to test the independent prognostic value of elevated sPLA2-IIA to predict mortality. Results Of the 192 patients in the cohort, 160, 153, and 158 had samples available for analysis of sPLA2-IIA, procalcitonin, and lactate, respectively. A total of 21% of patients met the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality. At a 100 ng/mL threshold for sPLA2-IIA, adjusted odds to predict mortality were 3.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-12.56, P = 0.03). sPLA2-IIA and procalcitonin were both elevated in culture-positive patients; however, the difference was not statistically significant. sPLA2-IIA was significantly higher in blood culture-positive patients. Conclusion An elevated level of sPLA2-IIA was associated with increased mortality in sepsis patients. sPLA2-IIA levels, unlike procalcitonin, also were significantly higher in blood culture-positive patients.
The human brain uses spatial schemas to represent segmented environments

Humans and animals use cognitive maps to represent the spatial structure of the environment. Although these maps are typically conceptualized as extending in an equipotential manner across known space, psychological evidence suggests that people mentally segment complex environments into subspaces. To understand the neurocognitive mechanisms behind this operation, we familiarized participants with a virtual courtyard that was divided into two halves by a river; we then used behavioral testing and fMRI to understand how spatial locations were encoded within this environment. Participants' spatial judgments and multivoxel activation patterns were affected by the division of the courtyard, indicating that the presence of a boundary can induce mental segmentation even when all parts of the environment are co-visible. In the hippocampus and occipital place area (OPA), the segmented organization of the environment manifested in schematic spatial codes that represented geometrically equivalent locations in the two subspaces as similar. In the retrosplenial complex (RSC), responses were more consistent with an integrated spatial map. These results demonstrate that people use both local spatial schemas and integrated spatial maps to represent segmented environment. We hypothesize that schematization may serve as a general mechanism for organizing complex knowledge structures in terms of their component elements.