cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators

Two designs for an integrated photoelectrolysis system that uses a 10× concentrating solar collector have been investigated in detail. The system performance was evaluated using a multi-physics model that accounted for the properties of the tandem photoabsorbers, mass transport, and the electrocatalytic performance of the oxygen-evolution and hydrogen-evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively). The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies and the ohmic losses associated with proton transport in the solution electrolyte and through the membrane of the photoelectrolysis system were evaluated systematically as a function of the cell dimensions, the operating temperatures, the bandgap combinations of the tandem cell, and the performance of both the photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts. Relative to designs of optimized systems that would operate without a solar concentrator, the optimized 10× solar concentrator designs possessed larger ohmic losses and exhibited less uniformity in the distribution of the current density along the width of the photoelectrode. To minimize resistive losses while maximizing the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, η_(STH), both of the designs, a two-dimensional “trough” design and a three-dimensional “bubble wrap” design, required that the electrode width or diameter, respectively, was no larger than a few millimeters. As the size of the electrodes increased beyond this limiting dimension, the η_(STH) became more sensitive to the performance of the photoabsorbers and catalysts. At a fixed electrode dimension, increases in the operating temperature reduced the efficiency of cells with smaller electrodes, due to degradation in the performance of the photoabsorber with increasing temperature. In contrast, cells with larger electrode dimensions showed increases in efficiency as the temperature increased, due to increases in the rates of electrocatalysis and due to enhanced mass transport. The simulations indicted that cells that contained 10% photoabsorber area, and minimal amounts of Nafion or other permselective membranes (i.e. areal coverages and volumetric fractions of only a few percent of the cell), with the remaining area comprised of a suitable, low-cost inert, non porous material (flexible polymers, inert inorganic materials, etc.) should be able to produce high values of η_(STH), with η_(STH) = 29.8% for an optimized design with a bandgap combination of 1.6 eV/0.9 eV in a tandem photoabsorber system at 350 K.
Influence of field inhomogeneity on the de Haas-van Alphen effect

The field homogeneity requirements for observing the de Haas-van Alphen effect are discussed in some detail. It is demonstrated how field inhomogeneity can cause interaction between different de Haas-van Alphen frequencies. A method for measuring the absolute amplitude of de Haas-van Alphen oscillations using a known field gradient is proposed.
Genome of colorado tick fever virus

Colorado tick fever virus is a member of the family, Reoviridae, and the genus, Orbivirus. The genomes of the member viruses of the five genera of the family Reoviridae are segmented, double-stranded (ds) RNA, and the number of segments is 10 to 12 depending on the genus. In general, orbiviruses have 10 segments of dsRNA. Colorado tick fever virus is a novel member of the genus because its genome is comprised of 12 segments of dsRNA.
Neuronal pathways involved in transfer of information related to leg position learning in the cockroach, P. Americana

Abstract The transfer of information related to shock avoidance leg position learning was studied in cockroaches. Behavioral experiments in which a prothoracic leg was trained and a mesothoracic leg tested helped to characterize what kind of information is transferred and the gross pathways by which this transfer occurs. Anatomical experiments showed that the relevant sensory and motor neurons have their central processes confined to the ganglia of origin. Some large interneurons were characterized in the prothoracic-mesothoracic connectives and were found to have branches in both the prothoracic and mesothoracic ganglia. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that some large connective fibers carry corollary discharges of motorneuron activity—a one-to-one correspondence of spikes in the corollary units of flexor motorneurons and an approximate correspondence of spikes in the corollary units of extensor motorneurons. We hypothesize that sensory information related to prothoracic leg shock and motor information related to prothoracic leg position are independently transferred down each prothoracic-mesothoracic connective to the mesothoracic ganglion, where they are associated and lead to a behavior change in mesothoracic legs.
A Touchstone for the Bard.

We introduce an authorship identification test, called modal analysis, based on a new statistic derived from the Karhunen-Loeve transform. Application to the poems of the Shakespearean canon and to other contemporary poetry strongly supports the case for disqualification of most major claimants. Results also cast doubt that the recently discovered poems, Shall I Die and Elegy, were written by William Shakespeare, but do suggest that eight unascribed poems of The Passionate Pilgrim may have been his work.
Organoapatites: Materials for artificial bone. III. Biological testing

This article reports on the in vivo testing of new artificial bone materials we have termed "organoapatites." These materials consist of mineral networks in which organic polymers are intimately dispersed by nucleation and growth of apatite crystals from a mother liquor containing the organic substances. Organoapatites were tested as implants in adult canine cortical bone for periods in the range from 12-35 weeks and fluorochromes were used in the model to investigate the kinetics of bone growth or repair. The analysis of histological samples was carried out using histomorphometric methods as well as fluorescence microscopy. Results showed excellent apposition of poly(amino acid) organoapatites with mineralized bone and fibrous encapsulation when a synthetic polyelectrolyte was the only organic component. This observation suggests that the molecularly dispersed organic dopant amounting to only 2-3% by weight of the microstructure can play a critical role in the tissue response to the implant. Relative to apatite controls, organoapatites were also found to have greater resistance to fragmentation in vivo and those containing amino acid units revealed interfacial bioerosion accompanied by regeneration of mineralized tissue. Design of organoapatite compositions and microstructures may therefore be useful in achieving the specific rate of biological response which is clinically desired.
Problems with Deployment of Multi-Domained, Multi-Homed Mobile Networks

This document describes numerous problems associated with deployment of multi-homed mobile platforms consisting of multiple networks and traversing large geographical areas. The purpose of this document is to provide insight to real-world deployment issues and provide information to groups that are addressing many issues related to multi-homing, policy-base routing, route optimization and mobile security - particularly those groups within the Internet Engineering Task Force.
Tracking multiple targets with self-organizing distributed ground sensors

This paper describes a fully distributed approach to target tracking that we have implemented and tested in a military setting. The approach uses local sharing of robust statistics that summarize local events. Local collaboration extracts detection information such as time, velocity, position, heading and target type from the summary statistics. Groups of nodes used for local collaboration are determined dynamically at run time. Local collaboration information is compared with a list of tracks in the immediate vicinity. A variation on the nearest-neighbor algorithm associates detections to tracks. This paper extends our previous work by analyzing the ability of our distributed tracker to track multiple targets in a simulated environment. Results from simulations and field tests of the approach are provided.
Preparation and Characterization of Tetrabenazine Enantiomers against Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2

As a clinical medication for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders, in conditions such as Huntington's disease, tetrabenazine (TBZ) has always been used in its racemic form. To establish whether or not its beneficial therapeutic actions are enantiospecific, a practical total synthetic route was developed to yield each enantiomeric form to allow their chemical and pharmacological characterization. We briefly summarize the total synthesis of TBZ and report a detailed procedure for resolution of TBZ into its enantiomers, (+)-TBZ and (−)-TBZ. This allowed determination of the optical rotation and absolute configurations of each TBZ enantiomer, based on X-ray crystallographic analysis, together with characterization of their inhibitory action at the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, where (+)-TBZ proved 3-fold more active than (−)-TBZ.
Quasi-steady modeling of turbulent nonpremixed combustion

Abstract In turbulent reacting flows of practical interest, the application of mixture fraction based combustion models is computationally burdensome due to the added dimension of the mixture fraction. (The term “mixture fraction based combustion model” refers to an approach that uses the mixture fraction as an independent variable.) Recently, Buriko et al. [1] have suggested that the quasi-steady approximation in mixture fraction based modeling is applicable to predict average species mass fractions in turbulent hydrogen/air jet flames. This holds potentially great advantages in treating more general, nonpremixed, reacting flows which may be computationally intractable without resorting to quasi-steady modeling. This paper extends the quasi-steady modeling investigation of [1] to conditionally averaged quantities. The validity condition for quasi-steady (mixture fraction based) modeling is derived and discussed. As practical illustration, the condition is applied to the turbulent hydrogen/air jet diffusion flames of Barlow and Carter 2 , 3 , 4 .
Greedy Algorithm and m -Term Trigonometric Approximation

We study the following nonlinear method of approximation by trigonometric polynomials in this paper. For a periodic function f we take as an approximant a trigonometric polynomial of the form \(G_m(f) := \sum_{k \in \Lambda} \hat f(k) e^{i(k,x)}\) , where \(\Lambda \subset {\bf Z}^d\) is a set of cardinality m containing the indices of the m biggest (in absolute value) Fourier coefficients \(\hat f(k)\) of function f . We compare the efficiency of this method with the best m -term trigonometric approximation both for individual functions and for some function classes. It turns out that the operator G m provides the optimal (in the sense of order) error of m -term trigonometric approximation in the L p -norm for many classes.
New strategies for combatting sepsis: the magic bullets missed the mark ... but the search continues.

Despite the high expectations of scientists and industry, multiple clinical trials of anti-endotoxin- and anti-cytokine-based therapies for sepsis have failed to demonstrate benefit. Indeed, in some cases, the agents used were actually harmful to patients. In retrospect, perhaps the therapeutic premises on which these therapies were based were flawed. In the future, a better understanding of sepsis should lead to the development of accurate laboratory and clinical predictors that will identify when, and which, patients can benefit from a given therapy. Much has been learned from the efforts of industry and academia and, hopefully, the search for new therapies for this lethal syndrome will continue.
Selected physiological responses of Salvinia minima to different chromium concentrations

Abstract This laboratory study was designed to evaluate the influence of Cr(VI) concentrations of 1 and 2 mg l −1 on selected physiological responses of Salvinia minima (Willd). In addition, the uptake of Cr by salvinia was measured. Salvinia growth, and CO 2 uptake was significantly reduced in the presence of chromium. The same result was obtained for chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoid concentrations. Most of the negative Cr(VI) influence was shown during the second week of the experiment. Plant light harvesting capacity, specifically for blue and red wavelengths was reduced with increases in Cr(VI) concentrations. In addition, soluble sugar, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased as did chromium Cr(VI) accumulation.
The Feasible Matching Problem

Let G = (V, E) be a graph and $${R\subseteq E}$$ . A matching M in G is called R-feasible if the subgraph induced by the M-saturated vertices does not have an edge of R. We show that the general problem of finding a maximum size R-feasible matching in G is NP-hard and identify several natural applications of this new concept. In particular, we use R-feasible matchings to give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a systems of disjoint representatives in a family of hypergraphs. This provides another Hall-type theorem for hypergraphs. We also introduce the concept of R-feasible (vertex) cover and combine it with the concept of R-feasible matching to provide a new formulation and approach to Ryser's conjecture.
A note on foreign bank ownership and monitoring: An international comparison

Abstract This paper empirically analyzes the relation between foreign bank ownership and the three pillars of the New Basel Capital Accord (i.e., capital regulatory oversight, supervisory oversight, and market discipline). Using a new database covering 153 countries, we find that countries with greater market discipline have a lower presence of foreign banks operating in their economy. Furthermore, our evidence indicates that capital regulatory oversight and supervisory oversight are not significantly related to foreign bank ownership.
Characterization of the stimulatory effect of T4 gene 45 protein and the gene 44/62 protein complex on DNA synthesis by T4 DNA polymerase.

Abstract On a variety of single-stranded DNA templates, the overall rate of in vitro DNA synthesis catalyzed by the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is increased about fourfold by addition of the T4 gene 44 62 and 45 proteins. Several different methods suggest that this stimulation reflects an increase in the average DNA polymerase “sticking distance”, or processivity, from 800 to about 3000 nucleotides per initiation event. Both the 44 62 protein complex and the 45 protein must be present to obtain this effect, and either ATP or dATP hydrolysis is required. Rapid-mixing experiments indicate that the polymerase stimulation is maximized within a few seconds after addition of these “polymerase accessory proteins.”
Radiation diffusion and saturation in optically thick Na vapor

We have measured the time-dependent fluorescence of the sodium $D$ lines following pulsed excitation of one $D$ line, in the presence of radiation trapping with optical depths ${k}_{0}L$ of \ensuremath{\sim}10 to 2000. When collisional coupling of the $3{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $3{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ levels and different radiative-escape probabilities for each $D$ line are taken into account, we obtain excellent agreement with Holstein's theory for the effective radiative decay rates in the Doppler region (${k}_{0}L\ensuremath{\sim}10\ensuremath{-}300$) and in the redistributed Lorentzian region (${k}_{0}Lg1000$). For ${k}_{0}L$ between these two regions, we observe an abrupt transition between the two limiting formulas. The buildup rate of the sensitized fluorescence signal also yields a $3{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ excitation transfer cross section in agreement with our previously reported cw measurement. Additionally, we have measured the dependence of the $3P$ fluorescence on laser power and beam diameter, and we explain the observed approach to saturation. We suggest that the previously reported "anomalous" approaches to saturation may be explained in terms of the laser beam burning through the optically thick vapor. Laser-beam spatial intensity variations and self-focusing also contribute to fluorescence signals that deviate from the usual single-atom saturation behavior.
Internal calcium concentration and potassium permeability in Paramecium

Ca or EGTA was ionophoretically injected into Paramecium tetraurelia to change [Ca]1. Ca decreased the resting membrane resistance and hyperpolarized the membrane. EGTA had the opposite effect. EGTA following TEA, which suppress GK, had little effect on resistance or resting potential. The I—V relation at steady state was studied before and after EGTA injection while the cell bathed in either K- or TEA-solution. The response to inward test pulses after EGTA injection was similar to that after TEA injection. These results show that [Ca]i controls a steady-state K permeability in Paramecium tetraurelia. A prolonged Ca-spike was recorded after EGTA injection. The plateau potentials in various Ca concentrations in a TEA-solution show the Nernst slope (29 mV for tenfold change in [Ca]0). This result suggests that the prolonged depolarization in this condition is due to a Ca current, after suppression of K-permeability and when [Ca]i is low. The difficulty of obtaining quantitative data an the internal Ca, and the difference between the effects of EGTA injection and TEA injection are discussed.
An Analysis of the Sensitivity of Minimum Length (Wagner) Tree Topology to Changes in Data

Minimum length tree topology changed in an apparently anomalous, non-local way' in response to a change in the data set in the example reported by Rohlf (1984). I define the conditions that such changes in the data must fulfil to cause the kind of change in tree topology observed (which gives an indication of the frequency with which such behavior may occur). The reasons for the sensitivity of minimun length trees to such changes, and the insensitivity of most phenetic clustering techniques, such as UPGMA, to the same changes, may then be characterized. By examining the character states at the intervening nodes in the tree, one can establish an equivalence between this sensitivity of Wagner tree topology and the out-group analysis procedure within traditional, non-numerical cladistics. The sensitivity of Wagner or minimum length tree topology to such changes in the data is demonstrated not to be a problem or "instability" but instead to be the sensitivity of the method to changes in the polarity of a character, and thus an appropriate sensitivity for a method for estimating phylogenies. (Cladistics; phenetics; Wagner trees; minimum length trees; UPGMA.) Minimum length Steiner or "Wagner" trees have been demonstrated by Rohlf (1984) to be sensitive to changes in the data such that a local change in one datum can produce a non-local change in the tree to- pology. This behavior of minimum length trees is not true of classifications produced by UPGMA or most or all other hierarchic, nonoverlapping, sequential, clustering methods. The latter, however, have some other sensitivities to changed data not true of minimum length trees. These differ- ences reflect some very fundamental dif- ferences in the methods, which are masked by a superficial similarity in the pictorial presentation of the results of the two an- alytical methods, coupled with a (perhaps) inadequate understanding of the funda- mental mechanics of the methods on the part of some systematists. Rohlf's note cor- rectly describes the behavior of minimum length trees under changes in the data that result in a non-local change in the tree, but does not provide a general explanation of this behavior. To understand such an ex- planation, and to understand why the re- sults of UPGMA do not change in similar fashion, would aid the understanding of both methods. To this end, the explanation of both methods' behavior is presented here.
Hepatic portal vanous gas embolization—A complication of post hysterectomy pelvic abscess irrigation

Abstract The case presented represents iatroggnic hepatic portal venous gas embolization occurring during retroperitoneal pelvic abscess irrigation with hydrogen peroxide. It is thought to be the first case of hepatic portal venous gas embolization documented with the CT scan.
A Revised Jogged-Screw Model For Creep Of Equiaxed γ-TiAl: Identification Of The Key Substructural Parameters.

A modification of the classic jogged-screw model has been previously adopted to explain observations of 1/2[110]-type jogged-screw dislocations in equiaxed Ti-48Al under creep conditions. The aim of this study has been to verify and validate the parameters and functional dependencies that have been assumed in that model. The original solution has been reformulated to take into account the finite length of the moving jog. This is a better approximation of the tall jog. The substructural model parameters have been further investigated in light of the Finite Length Moving Line (FLML) source approximation. The original model assumes that the critical jog height (beyond which the jog is not dragged) is inversely proportional to the applied stress. By accounting for the fact that there are three competing mechanisms (jog dragging, dipole dragging, dipole bypass) possible, we can arrive at a modified critical jog height. The critical jog height was found to be more strongly stress dependent than assumed previously. The original model assumes the jog spacing to be invariant over the stress range. However, dynamic simulation using a line tension model has shown that the jog spacing is inversely proportional to the applied stress. This has also been confirmed by TEM measurements of jog spacings over a range of stresses. Taylor’s expression assumed previously to provide the dependence of dislocation density on the applied stress, has now been confirmed by actual dislocation density measurements. Combining all of these parameters and dependencies, derived both from experiment and theory, leads to an excellent prediction of creep rates and stress exponents.
Growth of spherical crystals of indium with respect to crystal growth in space

Spherical indium crystal manufacture in space, suspending and positioning weightless containerless melt in air and vacuum by adhesion and cohesion for crystal growth
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin and Linezolid: Evidence and Opinion

Quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid demonstrate in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria, including many isolates resistant to earlier antimicrobials. Quinupristin-dalfopristin is inactive against Enterococcus faecalis but has been effective for treatment of infections due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium associated with bacteremia. In comparative trials, linezolid proved to be equivalent to comparator agents, resulting in its approval for several clinical indications. The almost-complete bioavailability of linezolid permits oral administration. Each agent can cause adverse effects that may limit use in individual patients. Resistance to these drugs has been encountered infrequently among vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin is rare among staphylococci in the United States, and resistance to linezolid is very rare. Whether there is any benefit to use of these agents in combination regimens, and whether there are circumstances in which they might be alternatives to cell-wall active antibiotics for treatment of bone or endovascular infections, are questions that deserve further study.
Greenhouse evaluation of growth parameters related to birdsfoot trefoil and red and white clover production on an and IC mission silt loam

Abstract Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus tenius), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) were evaluated as potential forage legumes on andic soils. A greenhouse study was used to evaluate the influence of soil pH on: (1) the establishment and growth of these forage legumes, (2) N and P quantity and concentration, and (3) Rhizobium lupini and Rhizobium trifolii survival. Aluminum sulfate and finely‐ground calcium carbonate were used to adjust soil pH. Soil pH's were 4.8, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2, 6.4, 6.9, 7.0 and 7.4. Birdsfoot trefoil, red clover and white clover were grown in 15 cm pots in the greenhouse and harvested five times at approximately 20‐day intervals. Yield was measured and plant material was analyzed for total N and P. Populations of R. lupini and R. trifolii were monitored using the MPN technique. Manipulation of pH in the Mission soil was found to have a significant effect on the growth of the three forage legumes, tissue N and P concentration and uptake, and on the survival of...
Invasive pneumococcal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Objective. Severe pneumococcal infections have been associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), usually with a poor clinical outcome when compared with Escherichia coli O157 gastroenteritis-associated (D+) HUS. We examined our experience with 12 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated HUS (SP-HUS) and compare it with a cohort of diarrhea-associated HUS (D+ HUS). Methods. A retrospective case survey compared 2 unrelated groups of HUS patients. Demographic factors, clinical indices of disease severity, and outcome were used to compare the 2 groups of HUS patients. Results. Twelve children with SP-HUS were studied. Pneumococcal pneumonia with empyema was the most common precipitating illness (67%), pneumococcal meningitis was present in 17% of children, pneumonia with bacteremia in 8%, and both pneumonia and meningitis in 8%. SP-HUS patients were younger than D+ HUS patients (22.1 vs 49 months) and had more severe renal and hematologic disease than D+ HUS patients. Compared with D+ HUS patients, SP-HUS patients were more likely to require dialysis (75% vs 59%) and had a longer duration of hospitalization (33.2 vs 16.1 days) and duration of thrombocytopenia (11.6 vs 6.8 days). SP-HUS patients were also more likely to require platelet transfusions (83% vs 47%) and needed more platelet (4.7 vs 0.5) and packed red blood cell transfusions (7.8 vs 2.0). The 2 groups did not differ significantly in the incidence of extrarenal HUS complications. There were no deaths in either group. Seven patients have been seen for long-term follow-up; 2 developed end-stage renal disease, and 5 have normal renal function. Conclusions. HUS is a rare but severe complication of invasive pneumococcal infection. Although disseminated intravascular coagulation can also occur in these children, the treatment and follow-up may be different in the 2 conditions. Children with pneumococcal disease and severe hematologic or renal abnormalities should be investigated for evidence of HUS.
Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the pancreatic islets of transgenic mice causes islet hyperplasia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is produced by the pancreatic islet. It also has receptors on islet cells, suggesting that it may serve a paracrine or autocrine role within the islet. We have developed transgenic mice, which overexpress PTHrP in the islet through the use of the rat insulin II promoter (RIP). Glucose homeostasis in these mice is markedly abnormal; RIP-PTHrP mice are hypoglycemic in the post-prandial and fasting states and display inappropriate hyperinsulinemia. At the end of a 24-hour fast, blood glucose values are 49 mg/dl in RIP-PTHrP mice, as compared to 77 mg/dl in normal littermates; insulin concentrations at this time are 6.3 and 3.9 ng/ml, respectively. Islet perifusion studies failed to demonstrate abnormalities in insulin secretion. In contrast, quantitative islet histomorphometry demonstrates that the total islet number and total islet mass are 2-fold higher in RIP-PTHrP mice than in their normal littermates. PTHrP very likely plays a normal physiologic role within the pancreatic islet. This role is most likely paracrine or autocrine. PTHrP appears to regulate insulin secretion either directly or indirectly, through developmental or growth effects on islet mass. PTHrP may have a role as an agent that enhances islet mass and/or enhances insulin secretion.
Postoperative Changes in Serum CO2 as an Indicator of Postoperative Complications After Radical Cystectomy

The purpose of this article was to review the relationship of postoperative CO2 levels to the risk of complications after radical cystectomy. In this review, we summarize the existing body of literature on the topic as well as metabolic complications after urinary diversion. Currently, there are no studies that specifically examine CO2 levels in the context of complications after radical cystectomy; therefore, we also present our own institutional data which demonstrate that a drop in postoperative CO2 levels is highly predictive of complications, the most common of which is failure to thrive. These data indicate that significant changes in CO2 levels prior to discharge after a radical cystectomy may be a harbinger of forthcoming complications.
Partial 13C and 15N chemical-shift assignments of the disulfide-bond-forming enzyme dsbb by 3D magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy

DsbB is a 20 kDa Escherichia coli inner-membrane protein that catalyzes disulfide-bond formation in periplasmic proteins. We report highly resolved, multidimensional magic-angle spinning NMR spectra at 750 MHz (1)H frequency, which enable partial (13)C and (15)N chemical-shift assignments of the signals. The narrow line widths observed indicate excellent microscopic order of the protein sample, suitable for full structure determination by solid-state NMR. Experiments were performed exclusively on uniformly (13)C,(15)N-labeled DsbB. Chemical-shift-correlation experiments based on dipolar transfer yielded strong signals in the 3D spectra, many of which have been site-specifically assigned to the four transmembrane helices of DsbB. Significant numbers of additional residues have been assigned to stretches of amino acids, although not yet placed in the amino acid sequence. We also report the temperature dependence of signal intensities from -50 degrees C to 0 degrees C, a range over which samples of DsbB are highly stable. Structural and dynamic information derived from SSNMR studies can give insight into DsbB in a state that so far has not been successfully crystallized.
Single injection, of methotrexate for treatment of ectopic pregnancies

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of single-dose methotrexate as a treatment option for ectopic pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were recruited from a tertiary teaching hospital setting. They had (1) a gestational sac 2 . RESULTS: Of the 61 patients treated, 16 required a second injection and nine required surgical intervention. Fifty-two (85%) were successfully treated as outpatients with methotrexate alone. CONCLUSION: Nonsurgical treatment of ectopic pregnancies with single-dose methotrexate is an option for some patients, but more studies are needed to establish the safety, efficacy, and effect on fertility.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus Mutants with Altered Physical Properties and Defective in Aphid Vector Transmission

Two mutant strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were investigated with respect to virion stability and molecular determinants of aphid vector transmission. The mutant 2A1-MT-60x, derived from the mechanically passaged wild type 2A1-AT, is poorly transmissible by the aphid Aphis gossypii and not transmissible by the aphid Myzus persicae, whereas the wild type virus is transmissible by both aphid species. The mutant phenotype was shown to be conferred by a single encoded amino acid change of alanine to threonine at position 162 of the coat protein (CP). Modifying the mutant CP gene to encode the wild type sequence (alanine) at position 162 restored aphid transmission. To test for a correspondence between changes in the physical stability of virions and defects in aphid transmission, a urea disruption assay was developed. Virions of aphid-transmissible strains 2A1-AT and CMV-Fny were stable with treatments of up to between 3 and 4 M urea. In this assay mutant viruses 2A1-MT-60x and CMV-M were less stable, as they were completely disrupted at urea concentrations of 2 and 1 M urea, respectively. The mutant 2A1-MT-60x also accumulated at a reduced level in infected squash relative to the wild type virus. These studies suggest that a primary factor in the loss of aphid transmissibility of some strains of CMV is a reduction in virion stability.
Correlations Between Levels of Aspiration

(1942). Correlations Between Levels of Aspiration. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 369-373.
Passing on the Radical Legacy of Black Studies at the University of Massachusetts: The W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies, 1968–1971

The story of the Black Student Movement at the University of Massachusetts (UMass), as demonstrated by the records of 1968–1971, my own administrative files, and interviews of several UMass Black Studies student activists of the period, enables us to understand more clearly the radical legacy of the origin of the W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies. Arguably, most salient in this legacy are four lessons and achievements. The first lesson included the resistance, resiliency, and resourcefulness of the principal graduate co-founders of the department, Michael Thelwell and Bernard Bell, in seeking to manage threatening conflicts to radical yet peaceful reforms in education and in validating non-traditional students, faculty, and curricula. The second was our uneven and, ultimately, moderately successful efforts to emulate and unite synergistically Du Bois’ standards of political activism and scholarly excellence while valorizing the recruitment and retention of high-risk students and a few uniquely qualified non-credentialed scholar/activist faculty. And the third and fourth achievements were the agency of the Black Student Movement in founding, respectively, the most unique department and consortium of five Black Studies departments in the nation.
Unit activity in experimental epileptic foci during focal cortical hypothermia.

Abstract The change in neuronal firing frequency was measured by extracellular microelectrode recordings during focal cooling of several experimental epileptic foci, using a Peltier cooling device. The experimental epileptic foci studied included foci in cat sensory motor cortex secondary to tungstic acid, strychnine, and freezing, and foci in monkey sensory motor cortex secondary to alumina. Cooling of tungstic acid and strychnine foci was associated with changes in neuron firing that were similar to those seen in normal cortex similarly cooled. By contrast, cooling of alumina foci exhibiting spontaneous seizures was invariably associated with a single seizure after only a 1–3 C drop in cortical temperature followed by electrical silence persisting until rewarming. Initial cooling of alumina foci without spontaneous seizures was similar to normal cortex; however, repeated cooling cycles were associated with changes similar to those seen in alumina foci exhibiting spontaneous seizures. Frozen foci showed variable changes with cooling; occasional cells responding in a manner similar to alumina foci exhibiting spontaneous seizures, others more like normal cortex. These findings were interpreted as suggesting that there are pathophysiologic differences between the various experimental epileptic foci under normothermic conditions. Membrane potentials of neurons in tungstic acid and strychnine foci are likely normal. Neurons in alumina foci may be partially depolarized under normothermic conditions as may some but not all units in foci secondary to freezing.
Multidisciplinary Assessment and Treatment of Self-Injurious Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: Integration of Psychological and Biological Theory and Approach

The objective of this review is to consider the psychological (largely behavioral) and biological [neurochemical, medical (including genetic), and pharmacological] theories and approaches that contribute to current thinking about the etiology and treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability. Algorithms for the assessment and treatment of SIB in this context, respectively, from a multidisciplinary, integrative perspective are proposed and challenges and opportunities that exist in clinical and research settings are discussed.
Looking for lumps: boosting and bagging for density estimation

The solution to data mining problems often involves discovering non-linear relationships in large, noisy datasets. Bagging, boosting, and their variations have produced an interesting new class of techniques for finding these relationships in prediction problems. In this paper I extend these methods to the design of algorithms for density estimation for large, noisy, high dimensional datasets. Analogous to the boosting framework, the algorithms iteratively mix the current density estimator with an additional density chosen in a greedy fashion to optimize a fit criterion. A bagging step helps to control overfitting by providing better estimates of the fit criterion. I derive optimization algorithms for the boosting steps, discuss strategies for massive datasets, and show results from real and simulated problems.
Increasing Energy Efficiency With Entertainment Media: An Experimental and Field Test of the Influence of a Social Game on Performance of Energy Behaviors

Energy information for consumers can be complex and uninteresting. Games offer a compelling new context for home energy information that may engage consumers and change behaviors. Based on research showing the effectiveness of game elements used in serious contexts, we built a professional quality social game about energy use in a virtual home. In a laboratory experiment, playing the game for 30 min resulted in significant increases in energy efficient behaviors (e.g., turning off room lights) after play ended. In a field test of the same game, smart meter data showed a significant decrease in electricity usage compared with 30-day periods before and after play. Taken together, these results demonstrate that energy information embedded in an entertaining commercial-grade game can produce significant changes in energy behavior.
A PDF model of populations of Purkinje cells: Non-linear interactions and high variability

Abstract While the Marr/Albus cerebellar model expects Purkinje cells to behave linearly and have noise-free outputs, physiological studies suggest otherwise. A cerebellar model based on ensembles of neurons encoding probability density functions (PDFs) described here may resolve these contradictions. Our simulations show that a PDF-based model can describe the noisy output of these cells, and more importantly, efficiently compute the complex non-linear functions necessary for the cerebellar computations, such as for the control of arm movement (Bastian et al., J. Neurophysiol. 76 (1996) 492–509). We further intend to simulate the computation of more complex functions using similar methods.
Band Structure and Fermi Surface of Antimony: Pseudopotential Approach

The band structure and Fermi surface of semimetallic Sb are determined by means of a pseudopotential approach. The pseudopotential is determined by adding to the pseudopotential of grey Sn, extrapolated from those of Si and Ge, one half of the contribution of the antisymmetric pseudopotential of InSb. The band structure shows three electron pockets located at the point $L$ of the Brillouin zone and six hole pockets with mirror symmetry. This corresponds to an assignment opposite to the conventional designation of electrons and holes. The parameters of the Fermi surface are calculated. Comparison with experiment gives very good agreement throughout.
CALICEAL DIVERTICULAR CALCULI: IS THERE A ROLE FOR METABOLIC EVALUATION?

Purpose: We report our experience with the treatment and incidence of metabolic abnormalities in patients presenting with caliceal diverticular stones.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 49 patients with caliceal diverticular stones (group 1) and 44 with simple renal stones (group 2). Each group successfully underwent percutaneous treatment. Mean stone size was 1.7 and 2.5 cm. in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Metabolic evaluation was available in 25 group 1 and 22 group 2 patients. Mean followup was 73.2 and 70.8 months, respectively.Results: We achieved a stone-free rate of 95.9% in group 1 and 100% in group 2. There was no metabolic abnormality in 75% of the group 1 patients, while 12% had type II absorptive hypercalciuria, 8% hyperuricosuric hypercalciuria and 4% hyperoxaluria. There were no metabolic abnormalities in 22.7% of the group 2 patients, while 9%, 18% and 9% had types I to III absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively, 13.6% hyperuricosuric hypercalciuria, 13.6% hyperoxaluria, ...
Third ventricle choroid plexus function and its response to acute perturbations in plasma chemistry.

Abstract The homeostatic role of the third ventricle choroid plexus (3VCP) in the maintenance of CSF electrolytes was investigated by quantifying alterations in CP epithelial ion concentrations induced by chemical perturbations of plasma in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant regional differences (third vs fourth (4VCP) and lateral ventricle CP (LVCP)) were found in epithelial content of Na+ and K+, with respect to baseline levels as well as alterations caused by 5–60 min of systemic metabolic acidosis. 3VCP, which comprises ca. 10% of total choroidal tissue, has a water content, extracellular fluid volume and vascularity comparable to 4VCP and LVCP; yet 3VCP is characterized by relatively high and low values for cellular [Na+] (68 mM) and [K+] (118 mM). Compared to time-matched controls, acute metabolic acidosis (i.p. NH4Cl) effected a response, i.e. ↑ [K+] and ↓ [Na+], in 3VCP that was less than in 4VCP, and substantially smaller than in LVCP. The onset and duration of induced electrolyte changes were qualitatively similar among the 3 plexus regions. Although systemic acidosis severely altered CP electrolyte concentrations, it did not compromise CSF homeostasis of [K+] and [Na+]. The function of 3VCP is discussed in terms of secretory capacity, embryological origin, and innervation. Overall, the findings indicate that transport/permeability phenomena which mediate transmembrane distribution of Na+ and K+ in 3VCP differ quantitatively from other regions of the blood-CSF barrier.
Origin of anomalous Pt-Pt distances in the Pt/alumina catalytic system.

The Pt/g-alumina system is representative of many common heterogeneous catalysts, which consist of transition metals dispersed on a high surface-area support. For example, catalytic reduction and oxidation of automotive pollutants is accomplished with platinum (Pt) or rhodium (Rh) dispersed on a galumina surface. Olefin cracking is carried out on catalysts formed by dispersal of transition-metal atoms on insulating supports, such as zeolites or alumina. The Cr/alumina system is used for dehydrogenation of alkanes to form starting materials for chemical synthesis. Prerequisite to the nonempirical design and refinement of improved catalysts is the identification of the atomic-scale structure and properties of the catalytically active sites. This has become a major industrial research priority. It has long been recognized that electron microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating supported catalysts. 7] Z-contrast imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (ZSTEM, where Z denotes nuclear charge) is capable of imaging individual atoms on real (i.e. , not idealized) catalytic supports. Application of Z-STEM to the Pt/g-alumina catalytic system suggested the presence of intriguing atomic-scale structures. In addition to isolated Pt atoms, trimers of Pt are observed with preferred shapes that are inconsistent with those of gasphase transition metal clusters and exhibit atypical Pt–Pt distances. Trimers of Pt on g-alumina have also been inferred from average coordination number as determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. These supported clusters are qualitatively different from larger Pt aggregates on g-alumina revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. First-principles calculations have been used to yield detailed structural information about supported metal clusters. 13] For example, theoretical investigations have been reported for small clusters of Pt and Pd on a-alumina. Herein, we report new subangstrom-resolution Z-STEM images of the Pt/g-alumina system that confirm the presence of the perplexing Pt3 structures. We then apply first-principles density functional theory calculations to test several hypotheses about the structure of these supported clusters. These studies reveal three key features of the Pt/g-alumina system: 1) Oxygen termination of the alumina surface is favored; 2) Adatom Pt structures are thermodynamically preferred over substitutional Pt structures; 3) Pt3 structures with anomalously long Pt–Pt distances are stabilized by OH caps.
Mathematical Techniques for Evaluating Labor Utilization in Dairy Plant Operations

Summary A comprehensive study of labor utilization was made in a commercial dairy plant. An attempt was made to correlate certain types of plant labor with total volume, e.g., processing variable and fixed and delay time; shipping, and cold storage time; and total time. The labor utilization data on an actual operation can serve as a guide in making comparisons with hypothetical plant studies. The data collected on labor utilization in a commercial plant study were treated statistically. The standard errors were found for the fixed times. An analysis of covariance was carried out on the labor used in each of the individual products, testing both the variable and fixed times for differences in labor used between days and between weeks and for significance of the regression coefficients. A regression equation was computed for each operation and the standard error of b was given. The results from the commercial plant study showed that only a few products exhibited significant day-to-day differences in labor used; whereas, weekly differences showed up in about one-third of the products. The regression coefficients were highly significant in most of the products, indicating that the labor used varied with a change in volume. An illustration was given to demonstrate the use of the equations as a management control on the plant labor used in a commercial dairy plant. The importance of volume in an actual operating dairy plant in effecting a relatively low labor requirement per unit was pointed out. The results from the volume-labor analysis were in agreement with hypothetical plant studies concerning economics of scale that are found in the literature, i.e., as the total volume increases within a plant operation, the amount of labor used per unit will usually decrease. Also, the use of the mathematical equations was illustrated in some plant situations to show how they might be used for determining the labor used.