cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM IN LOS ANGELES

This paper focuses on the historical evolution of discriminatory pollution patterns in Los Angeles. We argue that the historical processes leading to environmental racism cannot be understood without employing qualitative research methods. Moreover, in order to move beyond viewing “race” and class as mutually exclusive static categories, we conceptualize “race” and class as social relations. We first conducted a spatial analysis of air toxins in urban Los Angeles County and then chose two of the most polluted communities (Torrance and East Los Angeles/Vernon) for detailed historical analysis. Each community illustrates a different set of historical processes. The early development of Torrance was characterized by a highly deliberate and conscious set of racist practices on the part of city planners in an effort to control a racialized division of labor. In the case of East Los Angeles/Vernon, minority communities developed in close conjunction with those industries dependent upon their labor. The negative...
The Scripps Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model, with Applications in the Eastern Pacific Sector

Abstract A regional coupled ocean–atmosphere model is introduced. It is designed to admit the air–sea feedbacks arising in the presence of an oceanic mesoscale eddy field. It consists of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Regional Spectral Model (RSM). Large-scale forcing is provided by NCEP/DOE reanalysis fields, which have physics consistent with the RSM. Coupling allows the sea surface temperature (SST) to influence the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer and, hence, the surface wind stress and heat flux fields. The system is denominated the Scripps Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model. The model is tested in three scenarios in the eastern Pacific Ocean sector: tropical instability waves of the eastern tropical Pacific, mesoscale eddies and fronts of the California Current System, and gap winds of the Central American coast. Recent observational evidence suggests air–sea interactions involving the oceanic mesoscale in these three regions. Evolving SST fronts are shown ...
Salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma: Analysis of efficacy and prognostic factors

Abstract Objectives. To determine the probability of biochemical control for patients treated with salvage irradiation and identify prognostic factors associated with successful salvage. The optimal management of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after radical prostatectomy remains unclear. Methods. We reviewed the records of 54 patients with node-negative prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy alone between 1991 and 1998 for isolated biochemical relapse after prostatectomy. The median preoperative PSA level was 15 ng/mL, and the median salvage PSA level was 1.3 ng/mL. Complete pathologic information was recorded, as was the interval to postoperative PSA failure. Radiotherapy was delivered to the prostatic fossa using appropriate techniques. The primary endpoint was biochemical failure, measured from radiotherapy initiation to the first detectable PSA level. Biochemical control rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods. The median follow-up was 45 months. Results. The initial complete response rate was 76%. Only seminal vesicle status demonstrated borderline significance for the rate of the initial complete response. The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rate was 35%. The presence of seminal vesicle invasion, Gleason score greater than 6, and an immediately detectable postoperative PSA level all predicted for decreased 5-year biochemical control. Gleason score and detectable postoperative PSA retained significance on multivariate analysis. Those with a salvage PSA level of 1.2 ng/mL or less had a trend toward a decreased 5-year biochemical control rate ( P = 0.07). Conclusions. Salvage radiotherapy yields a 76% complete response rate, with 35% of treated patients free of a detectable PSA at 5 years. Those with favorable biochemical and pathologic tumor features are most likely to remain disease free.
A Volunteer Program for Abnormal Psychology Students: Eighteen Years and Still Going Strong.

A volunteer experience in abnormal psychology is described. The program has been operating for 18 years, and student reactions have been quite positive. The program augments the traditional course offerings and provides reciprocal service for the university and mental health facilities. Guidelines for implementing a volunteer program are outlined, and suggestions for management are offered.
Teacher and students as sources for behavior modification in the classroom

A treatment approach which separately focused upon behavioral control of teacher and student behavior was presented. Simple information feedback, involving no payoff, was compared to response cost and positive reinforcement procedures which rewarded the teacher for differential attention to disruptive behavior. All three procedures were effective in decreasing teacher attention to inappropriate behavior and increasing it to appropriate behavior. The removal of attention for inappropriate student behavior did not, however, materially decrease it. Punishment, in the form of negative point consequation, rapidly brought the disruptive student behavior under control. The general effectiveness of punishment approaches to modify oppositional behavior was discussed. Also, the need for the use of data to implement treatment procedures effectively was illustrated by way of the present study.
The shallow attenuation structure of the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise near 9°30′N

Direct measurements of Q values in the shallow crust are difficult to obtain due to the lack of energy turning in this region. We analyze a unique data set consisting of seven refraction experiments carried out with both the source and receiver near the seafloor. This experimental geometry allows us to resolve the shallow compressional wave attenuation structure of young crust at the East Pacific Rise. All models depict a low-Q layer 2A (apparent Q=11–22), and several models resolve a layer 2B with a much higher Q (apparent Q > 70). This structure is consistent with a layer 2A composed of extrusives overlying a layer 2B composed of sheeted dikes.
Towards automated large vocabulary gesture search

This paper describes work towards designing a computer vision system for helping users look up the meaning of a sign. Sign lookup is treated as a video database retrieval problem. A video database is utilized that contains one or more video examples for each sign, for a large number of signs (close to 1000 in our current experiments). The emphasis of this paper is on evaluating the trade-offs between a non-automated approach, where the user manually specifies hand locations in the input video, and a fully automated approach, where hand locations are determined using a computer vision module, thus introducing inaccuracies into the sign retrieval process. We experimentally evaluate both approaches and present their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Why Management Scholars Must Intervene Strategically in the Management Knowledge Market

L'A. expose le fonctionnement du marche du savoir en gestion en s'appuyant sur la theorie d'Abrahamson, et considere quelques moyens pour les universitaires d'augmenter leur influence sur ce marche
Study of recombination in CdMgTe/CdTeSe heterostructures using photoluminescence intensity and lifetime measurements with confocal photoluminescence microscopy

Intensity-resolved and time-resolved PL are shown to be powerful tools for analyzing recombination in epitaxial CdTe appropriate for photovoltaic applications. Non-radiative defects such as dislocations are easily mapped and quantified by confocal photoluminescence. Very low dislocation density and twin content, as well as very high luminescence efficiency and measured lifetime (450 ns), can be achieved by Se-alloying to lattice match CdTeSe to InSb substrates. Analysis suggests the bulk lifetime for epitaxial CdTeSe is in excess of 700 ns.
Association of Stress, General Health, and Alcohol Use with Poor Sleep Quality among U.S. College Students.

Background: Poor sleep among college students is a major, growing problem associated with lower academic performance, higher rates of health and emotional problems, and development of chronic sleep disorders. Purpose: Though previous studies have focused on individual colleges, our study purpose was to reveal the association of behaviors and function to sleep quality in a large sample of students from across the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from the Fall 2009 American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment–II survey using descriptive statistics, independent sample t tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to find a representative, matched sample of 14 870 college students, both with and without a sleep problem, measured by daytime sleepiness. Results: Our correlational analysis revealed that sleep quality decreased with increasing levels of stress or alcohol/cigarette use and with decreasing levels of general health (all Ps < .001). Discussion: College interve...
Upregulation of GLUT-4 in right ventricle of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by abnormal vascular remodeling leading to occlusion of pulmonary arteries and increased stress placed on the right ventricle (RV). This causes the RV to hypertrophy and eventually to failure. This study was designed to examine the effects of pulmonary hypertension in rats on right ventricular remodeling and glucose transporter protein (GLUT4) content in right (RV) and left ventricle (LV). MATERIAL/METHODS: Pulmonary hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rat by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT) at the concentration of 60 mg/kg. Forty-six days following the injection of MCT, animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: MCT-treated rats displayed significant increases in lung weight and RV weight. Marked RV hypertrophy was evident as the ratio of the RV to LV plus septum weight was nearly 40% higher in MCT-treated rats compared to control rats. Total GLUT4 content from whole homogenates from the RV was increased by approximately 28% in MCT-treated hearts compared to control hearts. No differences, however, in the LV content between groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the structural remodeling of the RV in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension results in the upregulation of glucose transporters. This increase in RV GLUT4 levels may potentially result in alterations in substrate energy metabolism.
Stress During Adolescence Shapes Performance in Adulthood: Context‐Dependent Effects on Foraging and Vigilance

Exposure to chronic stress during adolescence can shape behaviour, cognition and physiology in adulthood, but the consequences of these long-term changes remain unclear. Prior studies reporting altered performance following exposure to stress in adolescence have generally interpreted lasting changes as impairments. However, we have recently shown that exposure to chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence (from post-natal days 30–70) can enhance performance in a context-dependent manner during a foraging task. Increases in foraging performance, (previously measured by the number of rewards obtained), are often associated with trade-offs in other behaviours, such as vigilance. Here, we examined the effect of stress exposure in adolescence on adult foraging in male Sprague Dawley rats to determine (1) whether the increase in foraging performance exhibited by animals exposed to stress in adolescence is balanced by a decrease in vigilance, and (2) whether stress in adolescence alters time allocation between foraging and vigilance behaviours in low- and high-threat conditions. We found no evidence of a trade-off between foraging and vigilance; under low-threat conditions, rats exposed to stress in adolescence spent more time being vigilant compared with unstressed rats, suggesting that exposure to stress in adolescence enhances anticipation of threat in adulthood. Under high-threat conditions, adolescent-stressed and unstressed rats did not differ in foraging and vigilance behaviours. Given that we have previously found that rats exposed to stress in adolescence nearly double food intake under high-threat, and we now show that high-performing rats do not spend more time foraging, it appears that stress exposure in adolescence may enhance foraging efficiency (food consumed/time) under high-threat conditions rather than time allocation between foraging and competing behaviours. We also examined the relationship, at the level of the individual, between foraging performance and foraging and vigilance behaviours. We found that changes in individual foraging performance between low- and high-threat conditions were independent of behavioural changes (i.e. both highly and poorly performing rats were equally active and contacted a similar number of patches). This suggests that the ability to obtain many rewards under high-threat conditions may be related to efficiency, rather than the frequency of foraging and effort-related behaviours.
DIGITAL SKIN TEMPERATURE AND BIOFEEDBACK

Summary.-The present study simultaneously compared the skin temperature of the index and the little fingers during hand warming using biofeedback. There was a 5-min. baseline recording followed by a 10-min. session during which subjects attempted to increase skin temperature using the index finger with biofeedback in the form of lights and sound. Analysis showed no significant differences between the temperatures of the index and of the little fingers, but there was a significant increase in temperature during the session for both sites. Numerous studies have been conducted using the biofeedback control of skin temperature (e.g., see White & Tursky, 1982; Hatch, Fisher, & Rugh, 1987). In most studies, the thermistor is placed on the index finger of the dominant hand to assess skin temperature. There appear to be no published studies which indicate the efficacy of using one finger over another in the biofeedback control of skin temperature. The present study simultaneously compared the skin temperature of the index finger with that of the little finger during hand warming using biofeedback. METHOD Subjects were 18 female college students given class credit for participation. Their mean age was 20.3 yr., with a range of 18 to 38 years. During subject selection, subjects' hand preference was established using a five-item questionnaire. The questions asked were (1) with which hand do you write, (2) with which hand do you throw a ball, (3) which hand do you use to cut with scissors, (4) which hand do you use to hold your toothbrush, and (5) with which hand do you draw? Subjects had to state that they used one particular hand for all of the questions to be cded right-handed (RH) (n = 16) or left-handed (LH) (n = 2). The experiment was explained and all subjects signed a consent form. Thermistors were attached to the index and little fingers of each subject's preferred hand and skin temperature was recorded each minute from both sites using a Cyborg thermal biofeedback machine (P642) and was reported in degrees Fahrenheit. There was a 5-min. baseline recording followed by a 10-min. session during which subjects attempted to increase skin temperature with biofeedback using the index finger. The biofeedback signals consisted of a visual display of temperature, a tone which sounded, and lights which stepped from left to right with each tenth of a degree temperature increase.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Fatty Acids in the Spider Nephila clavipes (Araneida: Argiopidae)

The fatty acid composition of the orb-weaver Nephila clavipes (L.) consists of a complex mixture of 24 components. Seven acids—palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenie, and arachidic—comprise over 95% of the mixture. The fatty acids of N. clavipes are highly unsaturated primarily as a result of the high proportion of C18 components. The fatty acids of this spider are similar in composition to those of several species of insects in both their qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Abstract 4710: p53 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell properties through modulation of miRNAs

Epithelial mechenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been linked to stem cell phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism involving regulation of EMT and stemness remains elusive. Here, using unbiased genomic approaches, we discovered that tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in regulating both EMT and EMT-associated stem cell properties through transcriptional activation of miR-200c. p53 transactivates miR-200c through direct binding to miR-200c promoter. Loss of p53 in human mammary epithelial cells leads to decreased expression of miR-200c and activates EMT program, accompanied by increased mammary stem cell population. Re-expressing miR-200c suppresses gene targets that mediate EMT and stemness properties and thereby converts mesenchymal/stem cell-like phenotype caused by loss of p53 to differentiated epithelial cell phenotype. Furthermore, loss of p53 negatively correlates with miR-200c level but positively with increased expression of EMT and stemness markers as well as high tumor grade in a cohort of breast cancer samples. Together, this study elucidates a novel role of p53 in regulating EMT/MET and stemness/differentiation plasticity and reveals a potential therapeutic implication to suppress EMT associated-cancer stem cells through activation of p53-mediated miR-200c pathway Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4710. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4710
Identification of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity in Acanthamoeba

a cellulose layer and forms drug-resistant mature cysts. Acanthamoeba cells increase their production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in response to activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase either at the stationary phase of growth or during encystment in nonnutrient medium. This study examines whether cAMP acts through the enzyme cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) in exerting its regulatory influence during formation of cysts. Growth and encystment of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff) are described in a previous publication [1]. Extracts of Acanthamoeba are prepared by breaking cells with glass beads in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4; 10 mM magnesium chloride; 1 mM EDTA (TME buffer); and 20 % polyethylene glycol. The pellet obtained after centrifugation at 12,000g for 10 minutes is suspended in TME buffer and centrifuged at 1,500g. The supernatant is used as the source of enzyme. Protein kinase is assayed by measuring the rate of incorporation of phosphate from [32PIATP into Kemptide or protein substrates (histone or protamine) bound to phosphocellulose paper. Kemptide is a synthetic peptide, Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-ser-Leu-Leu-Gly, and its use eliminates cAMP-independent protein kinase activity from the assay procedures. Acanthamoeba extracts exhibit an in vitro cAMP-PK activity with Kemptide as the acceptor substrate and ATP as the phosphate donor. The cAMP-PK enzyme activity of Acanthamoeba cell supernatant is enhanced fourfold by addition of 10 ,uM cAMP. Figure 1 displays the cAMP dependency of the Kemptide-kinase activity of the supernatant fractions of stationary-phase (96 hours) Acanthamoeba. The half-maximal enzyme activity has been estimated to be at the 20 nM concentration of cAMP. By assaying for enzyme activity in the absence of cAMP and in the presence of saturating amounts of cAMP, one can get the activity ratio. This ratio is an estimate of in vitro enzyme activity (-cAMP activity) and total enzyme activity (+cAMP activity) present in the cell. With Kemptide the activity ratios were ~0.2, whereas with protein substrates the ratios were ~0.8, the higher value being due largely to background activities of other kinases. As shown in table 1, activity ratios of extracts of cells in encystment medium increased from 0.2 to ~0.6 after 12 hours of encystment. This result indicates that the enzyme is fully activated by 12 hours during encystment. Earlier work [2] has established that cellulose synthase activity increased rapidly with extracts prepared from cells after 12-16 hours of encystment. The present study indicates that cAMP-PK is fully activated by 12 hours, a finding indicating that active catalytic subunits
Writing the Trenches: What Students of Technical Writing and Literature Can Learn Together

We argue for a course in which students analyze writing about a common topic—in this case World War I—from multiple genres (e.g., poetry and technical manuals). We address the divide between instru...
The Dominguez Hills, California, earthquake of June 18, 1944

Summary Two small earthquakes on June 18, 1944, were felt generally in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and did slight damage in the region of Compton and Gardena, California, which included collapse of sixteen wells in the Rosecrans oil field. Epicenters of these shocks have been determined to be near 33° 51′ N Lat. and 118° 15′ W Long., with origin times at 4:03:34 p.m. and 7:06:06 p.m., P.S.T. This occurrence is compared with a previous happening in 1941, and the parallel is so striking that it is strongly suggested that the mechanism was similar in both.
Supporting novice clinicians cognitive strategies: System design perspective

Infections occur among all clinical domains. The changing nature of microbes, viruses and infections poses a great threat to the overall well-being in medicine. Clinicians in the infectious disease (ID) domain deal with diagnostic as well as treatment uncertainty in their everyday practice. Our current health information technology (HIT) systems do not consider the level of clinician expertise into the system design process. Thus, information is presented to both novice and expert ID clinicians in identical ways. The purpose of this study was to identify the cognitive strategies novice ID clinicians use in managing complex cases to make better recommendations for system design. In the process, we interviewed 14 ID experts and asked them to give us a detailed description of how novice clinicians would have dealt with complex cases. From the interview transcripts, we identified four major themes that expert clinicians suggested about novices' cognitive strategies including: A) dealing with uncertainty, B) lack of higher macrocognition, C) oversimplification of problems through heuristics and D) dealing with peer pressure. Current and future innovative decision support tools embedded in the electronic health record that can match these cognitive strategies may hold the key to cognitively supporting novice clinicians. The results of this study may open up avenues for future research and suggest design directions for better healthcare systems.
Research of novel dynamic voltage restorer based on flywheel energy storage system

A novel dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) based on flywheel energy storage system is proposed which compensates the deep voltage sag.High power high energy flywheel costs expensive.In order to increase the amount of stored energy,flywheel energy storage array(FESA) is employed which composes multi-flywheel in parallel configuration.The topology of the system is introduced and the control strategies for the system are analyzed.An optimized discharging control strategy for the parallel operation of flywheel energy storage unit(FESU) is proposed.The system is simulated by Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the control strategies.
The federal law of age discrimination in the U.S.A.

The American workforce and society as a whole is aging, and age-based decisions and policies are increasingly under attack as violative of a civil right. At the federal level, the response has been to deal with discrete problems as they arise by separate pieces of legislation: of age bias in the administration of programs receiving federal funds; of age bias in employment; and of decisions based upon the reduction of benefit costs that impact with special harshness on older workers. The author supplies a very brief and simplified overview of the relevant federal law in the U.S.A.
Hole mobility improvement in silicon-on-insulator and bulk silicon transistors using local strain

Summary form only given. Improvements in transport properties through strain have been demonstrated in the operating characteristics of field-effect transistors in the Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As/GaAs and the SiGe/Si system. For CMOS, an improvement in p-channel device characteristics is desirable, and the hole mobility is an appropriate tool for attaining it. Si on relaxed SiGe is one system where such an improvement occurs and has been observed. Here, we discuss how changes in mobility and p-channel device properties can be deliberately made in silicon and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures through the introduction of local strain and without a major change in the underlying isolation techniques. Effective mobility changes of up to 40% have been observed for device widths of 1 /spl mu/m in silicon-on-insulator structures.
A comparative study of circulating biomarkers of anti-VEGF therapy in phase II trials in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients (pts).

2543 Background: Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor of VEGFR, remains the only approved systemic therapy in HCC. Several other anti-VEGFR agents have either failed or continued in phase III trials....
Abstract 5874: Cdk4/6 kinase inhibitor resistance in prostate cancer

Non-organ confined prostate cancer (PCa) is often effectively, but only transiently treated by targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis through androgen depletion strategies, often coupled with AR antagonists. Unfortunately, disease recurs within a median of 3-4 years, presenting as castration resistant PCa (CRPC), for which there are limited therapeutic options. This emphasizes the need for more efficacious drugs and a patient-tailored approach towards cancer therapy to improve disease outcome. One class of drugs currently tested clinically, Cdk4/6 kinase inhibitors, blocks phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor, thereby boosting its function, and likely preventing castration resistance. As Cdk4/6 inhibitor resistance has already been reported in other cancers, some PCa patients are anticipated to develop drug resistance. Here, we created palbociclib-resistant PCa cell models by continuously culturing them in presence of the drug to unravel mechanisms of acquired resistance, and assessed them for cross-resistance to ribociclib and response to other therapeutics. While the parental PCa cell models, Cdk4/6 inhibitors efficiently induce a G1 cell cycle arrest, the resistant cell lines bypass this cell cycle checkpoint. Although loss of RB is a known mechanism for Cdk4/6i resistance, none of the models lost RB expression. Strikingly, these originally hormone-sensitive cell lines, upon developing Cdk4/6 inhibitor resistance display altered response to selected therapeutic regimens. Mechanisms of resistance, as informed by Whole Exome Sequencing and RNASeq, will be discussed. Citation Format: Renee de Leeuw, Matthew J. Schiewer, Christopher McNair, Michael A. Augello, Akihiro Yoshida, Edward S. Hazard, Sean Courtney, Gerard T. Hardiman, Justin Drake, Felix Y. Feng, Scott Tomlins, Maha H. Hussain, J Alan Diehl, William K. Kelly, Karen E. Knudsen. Cdk4/6 kinase inhibitor resistance in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5874. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5874
A Decision-Analytic Technology Assessment of Public-Key Cryptography

Systematic assessment of emerging technologies can be of value to government decisionmakers by providing the information and structure needed for efficient and timely planning. Technology assessments are, however, frequently criticized for not providing information of real value to decisionmakers. This paper describes a unique application of formal decision analysis to produce a “decision-focused” technology assessment. The assessment addresses a new technology for producing secret codes called public-key cryptography (PKC). Unlike the typical technology assessment, this work involved the development and evaluation of a quantitative model of the decision among alternative government policies for dealing with the technology.
Head, Face, and Neck Lymphedema

The predominant clinical presentation of lymphedema is characterized by the presence of regionalized edema; this problem is commonly encountered in the regions of the head and neck. As in other forms of this disease, lymphedema of the head and neck can be classified as either «primary» or «secondary», although hybrid forms will certainly be encountered. Head and neck involvement in primary lymphedema suggests a widespread developmental problem of the lymphatics. Localized head and neck lymphedema also occurs as a consequence of recurrent episodes of skin infection or chronic inflammation. Head and neck lymphedema is often iatrogenic, the consequence of surgical resection and radiotherapy. A compression garment is required to maintain the results achieved with manual lymph drainage and multilayered bandaging. For mild cases of facial lymphedema, a ski mask can fulfill this function, but a medical garment for facial edema may be necessary. The garment is typically worn at home. Treatment of head and neck cancer may trigger a variety of dysfunctional consequences beyond lymphedema. Lymphedema of the face and neck generates emotional and social dysfunction which must be assessed and addressed in a timely fashion to maximally enhance the quality of life for patients and family.
Cefotaxime monotherapy of bacterial meningitis caused by gram-positive pathogens

Primary meningitis in children is caused by two gram-negative bacterial species, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae, and one gram-positive bacterial species Streptococcus pneumoniae. Despite optimal penicillin susceptibility, with few exceptions, therapeutic results in pneumococcal meningitis are by far worse than with the other two pathogens. Therefore, and because of the detection of penicillin-resistant rods, the study of alternatives in therapy is justified and was started with cefotaxime. Including six of our own patients, there are reports on 87 patients in the literature suffering from S. pneumoniae meningitis who were treated with cefotaxime monotherapy. Results of these studies will be analyzed. As none of these patients belonged to a prospective controlled study group, final evaluation in comparison with penicillin therapy remains open. There are also several reports on successful treatment of group B streptococcus meningitis with cefotaxime, although there is no need to abandon penicillin therapy. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis, usually secondary in shunted hydrocephalus, brain tumors, brain injury or other causes, should not be treated with cefotaxime because of its limited activity on these bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecalis are primarily cefotaxime-resistant, and neonatal meningitis of unknown origin, therefore, should not be treated with cefotaxime alone as long as these pathogens cannot be excluded.
Process Monitoring of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Fluorescence Probes

On-line process monitoring and control are prerequisites for more efficient and reliable manufacture of polymer matrix composites. The cure process involves complex chemical and physical changes that must be adequately controlled to consistently produce high quality products. Of various changes that occur, the viscosity is particularly important as it influences fiber wetting, uniformity of resin distribution and consolidation of the reinforcement plies. In the usual cure cycle, the viscosity of the resin initially decreases as the temperature of the resin rises owing to the higher temperature of the autoclave and heat released by the exothermic chemical reactions of the cross-linking process. Ultimately, the growing molecular weight of the polymer increases the viscosity beyond the range where flow will occur. If the resin viscosity becomes too low during this period, excess resin will seep out of the part producing an inferior product owing to resin deficiency. On the other hand, if the viscosity increases too fast the flow may be insufficient to achieve good consolidation of the plies.
Global Warming and Trans-Boundary Movement of Waterborne Microbial Pathogens

Potential ramifications of climate change, as they relate to waterborne pathogens (primarily viruses, bacterial and parasitic protozoa), are the focus of this chapter. It seems clear that climate change will impact on waterborne pathogens in various ways (Rose et al. 2001), pertinent to transboundary issues are: (1) increases in intense storm events (increasing sewage/animal waste flows into waterways/aquifers) (Charron et al. 2004; Schijven and de Roda Husman 2005; Yang and Goodrich 2009; De Toffol et al. 2009; Richardson et al. 2009); (2) warmer surface water temperatures or salinity changes (for increased autochthonous pathogen growth) (Niemi et al. 2004; Koelle et al. 2005; Lebarbenchon et al. 2008); and (3) changes in food production, as most obvious in animal diseases (Lightner et al. 1997; Rapoport and Shimshony 1997), but also of concern with zoonoses and from changes in social behavior (Schwab et al. 1998; Nancarrow et al. 2008; CDC 2009a). When considering trans-boundary effects on waterborne pathogens, it is therefore the flow of pathogens in surface water (fresh and marine) and in groundwater, as well as in the varying ways water is used/reused in association with human activities (e.g., food production) that are the trans-boundary issues discussed in this chapter (examples in Table 5.1). Changes in infectious and vector-borne diseases associated with rising sea levels, losses of habitat, international travel etc. are not addressed in this chapter.
Teaching machines to understand data science code by semantic enrichment of dataflow graphs

Your computer is continuously executing programs, but does it really understand them? Not in any meaningful sense. That burden falls upon human knowledge workers, who are increasingly asked to write and understand code. They deserve to have intelligent tools that reveal the connections between code and its subject matter. Towards this prospect, we develop an AI system that forms semantic representations of computer programs, using techniques from knowledge representation and program analysis. To create the representations, we introduce an algorithm for enriching dataflow graphs with semantic information. The semantic enrichment algorithm is undergirded by a new ontology language for modeling computer programs and a new ontology about data science, written in this language. Throughout the paper, we focus on code written by data scientists and we locate our work within a larger movement towards collaborative, open, and reproducible science.
BCL-2 expression aids in the immunohistochemical prediction of the Oncotype DX breast cancer recurrence score

The development of molecular techniques to estimate the risk of breast cancer recurrence has been a significant addition to the suite of tools available to pathologists and breast oncologists. It has previously been shown that immunohistochemistry can provide a surrogate measure of tumor recurrence risk, effectively providing a less expensive and more rapid estimate of risk without the need for send-out. However, concordance between gene expression-based and immunohistochemistry-based approaches has been modest, making it difficult to determine when one approach can serve as an adequate substitute for the other. We investigated whether immunohistochemistry-based methods can be augmented to provide a useful therapeutic indicator of risk. We studied whether the Oncotype DX breast cancer recurrence score can be predicted from routinely acquired immunohistochemistry of breast tumor histology. We examined the effects of two modifications to conventional scoring measures based on ER, PR, Ki-67, and Her2 expression. First, we tested a mathematical transformation that produces a more diagnostic-relevant representation of the staining attributes of these markers. Second, we considered the expression of BCL-2, a complex involved in regulating apoptosis, as an additional prognostic marker. We found that the mathematical transformation improved concordance rates over the conventional scoring model. By establishing a measure of prediction certainty, we discovered that the difference in concordance between methods was even greater among the most certain cases in the sample, demonstrating the utility of an accompanying measure of prediction certainty. Including BCL-2 expression in the scoring model increased the number of breast cancer cases in the cohort that were considered high certainty, effectively expanding the applicability of this technique to a greater proportion of patients. Our results demonstrate an improvement in concordance between immunohistochemistry-based and gene expression-based methods to predict breast cancer recurrence risk following two simple modifications to the conventional scoring model.
Flextensional Actuator Design Using Topology Optimization and the Homogenization Method

Flextensional actuators consist of a piezoceramic (or a stack of piezoceramics) connected to a flexible mechanical structure that converts and amplifies the output displacement of the piezoceramic. A well—known type of flextensional actuator is the “moonie” transducer, which consists of a piezoceramic disk sandwiched between two metal endcaps [1]. The performance of the flextensional actuator is measured in terms of output displacement and generative (or “blocking”) force [2]. Generative force is the maximum force supported by the transducer without deforming, for a certain applied voltage.
Non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene over ZSM-5 zeolite supported iron catalysts

Abstract The shale gas boom has stimulated tremendous interests in ethylene production using ethane as the feedstock. Catalytic non-oxidative ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) to ethylene represents a viable strategy to improve the process energy efficiency and to minimize the environmental impact. The breakthroughs in catalyst design play a key role in the successful development of this process. Herein, we demonstrate that iron supported on ZSM-5 zeolite (Fe/ZSM-5) is a highly efficient catalyst for the EDH reaction. Under comparable conditions, Fe/ZSM-5 exhibits superior activity and stability over various metal (Pt) or metal oxide catalysts (Zn, Ga, Cr, Mo) supported on ZSM-5. The use of ZSM-5 instead of conventional γ-Al2O3 as the support for Fe catalysts is critical to achieve high activity and selectivity in the EDH reaction. Detailed structure characterizations combined with density functional calculations indicate that iron oxides in the as-prepared Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts are reduced to iron metal and then carburized under reaction condition, which accounts for the excellent activity and stability for the EDH reaction. Compared with Fe/Al2O3, the relatively weaker binding strength of ethylene and the weaker surface acidity on Fe/ZSM-5 allow facile desorption of ethylene, which suppresses its consecutive transformation into higher hydrocarbons and carbon deposits, resulting in higher ethylene selectivity.
Democratic Governance as a Function of Ethics Management Strategies

This essay makes the case for combining the study of official integrity with consideration of governance integrity based on democratic values. Our focus is on the relatively unexplored administrati...
Empathy Mediates the Relations between Working Memory and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence and Aggression.

Deficits in executive functioning have been associated with aggressive and violent behavior toward intimate partners. However, it is unclear what specific mechanisms are being affected by cognitive deficits that increase an individual’s tendency to become aggressive. The current study examined empathy as a mediating factor between deficits in working memory and perpetration of intimate partner aggression and violence. Men in heterosexual relationships (N = 49) were administered a measure of visual-spatial working memory, and questionnaire measures of head injury and empathy. During a second session, men participated in a conflict discussion with their female partner that was coded for aggressive behavior. Female partners also reported on men’s physical and psychological abuse. Working memory was positively related to cognitive and affective empathy, and negatively related to men’s physical abuse perpetration and observed aggression during the conflict discussion. The effects of working memory on observed aggression during the conflict were fully mediated by cognitive and affective empathy. Additionally, the effects of working memory on reported physical IPV frequency were fully mediated by affective empathy. Deficits in working memory may decrease men’s ability to use empathetic processes, resulting in increased aggression and violence toward their intimate partners. Clinically, incorporating empathy training in battering intervention programs may be helpful, especially among men with deficits in cognitive functioning.
The Hogwarts Running Club and Sense of Community: A Netnography of a Virtual Community

Leisure-based communities often provide spaces to develop sense of community among members. With the rapid advances in technology virtual communities are on the rise, yet research on virtual commun...
Structural and biochemical analysis of phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase from the pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

In free-living and parasitic nematodes, the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine provides a key metabolite to sustain phospholipid biosynthesis for growth and development. Because the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (PMT) of nematodes are essential for normal growth and development, these enzymes are potential targets of inhibitor design. The pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) causes extensive damage to trees used for lumber and paper in Asia. As a first step toward testing BxPMT1 as a potential nematicide target, we determined the 2.05 A resolution x-ray crystal structure of the enzyme as a dead-end complex with phosphoethanolamine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. The three-dimensional structure of BxPMT1 served as a template for site-directed mutagenesis to probe the contribution of active site residues to catalysis and phosphoethanolamine binding using steady-state kinetic analysis. Biochemical analysis of the mutants identifies key residues on the β1d-α6 loop (W123F, M126I, and Y127F) and β1e-α7 loop (S155A, S160A, H170A, T178V, and Y180F) that form the phosphobase binding site and suggest that Tyr127 facilitates the methylation reaction in BxPMT1.
Parkinsonian Dementias: PET Findings

The etiology of cognitive decline in Lewy body parkinsonism, including Parkinson disease (PD), is not only multifactorial but also heterogeneous and likely related to cumulative and interactive effects between changes in neurotransmitter functions, proteinopathies (α-synuclein, β-amyloid, tau), neuroinflammation, and -, vascular-, metabolic-, and other changes. Glucose metabolic studies have shown mixed subcortical and cortical changes in Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD). For example, incident dementia in idiopathic PD is heralded by decreased metabolism of visual association (Brodmann area 18) and posterior cingulate cortices with additional involvement of the caudate nucleus. Subsequent progression to dementia is associated with mixed subcortical, especially thalamic, and widespread cortical changes that involve the mesiofrontal lobes also. Neurotransmitter-specific PET imaging shows early and prominent nigrostriatal dopaminergic losses in PD, with no major differences between PD and PDD. Therefore, caudate nucleus, limbic, and mesofrontal dopaminergic denervations do not appear alone sufficient for development of PDD. Cholinergic imaging studies have shown relatively mild losses in PD without dementia but more prominent decreases in PDD. This suggests significant cholinergic pathology underlying progressive cognitive decline in PD. Average dopaminergic and cholinergic denervation does not appear to differ between PDD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), supporting the view that PDD and DLB lie on a common disease spectrum. In vivo PET imaging studies show variable β-amyloid binding in PDD with prevalence of pathologic amyloid deposition higher in DLB compared to PDD. However, despite the relatively lower binding levels compared to Alzheimer disease (AD), β-amyloid deposition contributes to cognitive impairment early in the course of cognitive decline in PD, suggesting a lower symptomatic threshold for amyloid deposition compared to normal aging and AD.
Historical memory, democratic citizenship, and political theory: Reconstructing a historical method in Judith Shklar’s writings:

Judith Shklar has been invoked by contemporary realists as an example of how history is a better source of political knowledge than abstract philosophy. This emphasis on history challenges the pred...
Contact Interactions and high $Q^2$ Events at HERA

Effective $eeqq$ contact interactions can enhance event rates in $e^+p$ scattering at HERA at high $Q^2$. Present constraints from atomic parity violation measurements and from Drell Yan events at the Tevatron are discussed.
Resistance Capital: Cultural Activism as a Gateway to College Persistence for Minority and First-Generation Students:

This study provides a novel contribution by connecting two sets of literature, school engagement and multicultural university centers, in relation to late adolescent development. The aims of this m...
Composite psychosocial risk based on the fear avoidance model in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Cluster-based analysis.

Abstract Objectives To examine associations between preoperative fear-avoidance model (FAM) risk subgroup status and patient expectation of surgical success with postoperative outcomes at 6 and 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design Cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants 54 patients (25 females) undergoing unilateral ACLR. Main outcome measures Cluster analysis distinguished FAM risk subgroups based on preoperative fear of movement/reinjury, self-efficacy, and pain catastrophizing. Preoperative expectation for surgical success was assessed with a numeric rating scale. Six and 12-month outcomes included Subjective Patient Outcomes for Return to Sport, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) sports/recreation and quality of life, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form. Results Thirteen (24%) patients were “moderate-to-high FAM risk.” Moderate-to-high FAM risk patients had lower odds of return to sport at 12 months (OR = 0.3, p = .05) and lower KOOS sports/recreation at 6 months (st. beta = −0.27, p = .05), KOOS quality of life at 12 months (st. beta = −0.42, p = .007), and IKDC at 6 (st. beta = −0.29, p = .04) and 12 months (st. beta = −0.47, p = .001). Higher expectation was associated with lower 6-month IKDC (st. beta = −0.36, p = .008) and 12-month KOOS quality of life (st. beta = −0.29, p = .05). Conclusions Preoperative FAM risk influences patient-reported outcomes and return to sport at 6 and 12 months.