cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of negative publicity: News coverage and public perceptions of a university

Abstract Using content analysis of a local newspaper and data from a survey of local residents, this study examines the effects of negative publicity on public perceptions of a university. Greater exposure to unfavorable news articles was associated with lower levels of perceived reputation and trust in the university. These unfavorable perceptions were in turn related to decreased support for the university. Negative publicity, therefore, does more than shape perceptions; it may have effects on various forms of public support that would significantly affect an organization's current and future undertakings.
Phytase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates

Extracellular phytase from Aspergillus fumigatus isolates was characterized and their genes were cloned and sequenced. Based on their banding pattern in SDS–PAGE all phytases were found to be glycosylated and have similar molecular mass. A correlation between lower optimum pH (4.0) and a higher optimum temperature (70°C) was found in these enzymes. All enzymes characterized displayed a lower specific activity for phytic acid and were more susceptible to proteolytic degradation than the Aspergillus niger phytase that is now commercially available. DNA sequencing established almost no sequence variation in any of the genes and no correlation is evident between a specific amino acid sequence and any physicochemical and catalytic properties of the enzymes. Despite two of the isolates having identical deduced amino acid sequence, characterization of the enzymes encoded by these two identical genes revealed differences in both pH and temperature optimum. This suggests that differences in pH and temperature optimum in these four isolates of A. fumigatus may be due in part to subtle differences in posttranslational modification.
Photopolymerization Kinetics of Methacrylate Dental Resins

The photopolymerization kinetics of typical dental dimethacrylate monomers were studied by differential photocalorimetry. Increasing proportions of the low-viscosity diluent monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were added to either Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[p-(2‘-hydroxy-3‘-methacryloxypropoxy)phenylene]propane), EBADMA (ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate), or UDMA (1,6-bis(methacryloxy-2-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,4,4-trimethylhexane) to provide three base resins that differed in their hydrogen-bonding potential and, therefore, resulted in compositions covering a broad range of viscosities. When compared at similar diluent concentrations, UDMA resins were significantly more reactive than Bis-GMA and EBADMA resins. At higher diluent concentrations, EBADMA resins provided the lowest photopolymerization reactivities. Optimum reactivities in the UDMA and EBADMA resin systems were obtained with the addition of relatively small amounts of TEGDMA, whereas the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system required near equiv...
An admittance solution for electromagnetic coupling through a small aperture

An admittance solution for electromagnetic coupling through a small aperture in a conducting screen is obtained by the method of moments. This solution gives the equivalent magnetic current in the aperture as a linear combination of the three quasistatic magnetic currents responsible for the three dipole fields seen in the far zone. Because only the dipole effects of the quasi-static currents are known, the elements of the excitation vector and the admittance matrix cannot be evaluated directly. Reciprocity is used to express the elements of the excitation vector in terms of the short-circuit incident fields. The imaginary parts of the elements of the admittance matrix are evaluated by forcing the moment solution to be equal to the solution predicted by conventional small aperture theory. The real parts of the elements of the admittance matrix are extracted from the quadratic expression for the power radiated by the magnetic current. The solution is applied to three examples — an aperture in a conducting plane, an aperture in a transverse wall between two rectangular waveguides, and an aperture in a lateral wall of a rectangular waveguide coupling to a half-space.
The Irony of Theology

Every so often a book appears on the intellectual scene that reopens basic questions about the character of a scholarly discipline. Thomas Kuhn's work in the philosophy of science was such a text, so too the work of Alasdair MacIntyre for moral philosophy, Michael Foucault in the human sciences, and more recently Charles Taylor on Western conceptions of the self. All of these ventures pose the question of the nature of a mode of inquiry by tracing its historical development. Yet what is most fundamentally under examination in each case is rationality itself. Donald Wiebe's recent book, The Irony of Theology and the Nature of Religious Thought, undertakes an analogous project. Wiebe reopens the question of the nature and status of theology and religious thought with respect to debates about rationality. In this review I want to highlight the main features of Wiebe's argument and engage him around his central claims about rationality. My contention, in brief, is that Wiebe's account of rationality is problematic because he does not adequately differentiate the distinctive claims of practical reason from the other modes of thought he isolates. This makes it difficult on his theory to understand the task of theology, or, for that matter, any humanistic and hermeneutical inquiry. Yet I also contend that Wiebe has properly isolated
Perfusion-weighted MRI as a marker of response to treatment in acute and subacute stroke.

We carried out baseline and short-term follow-up MRI, including perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and tests of neurologic and cognitive function on 15 consecutive patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke who showed a persistent large perfusion-diffusion mismatch at enrollment up to seven days after the onset of symptoms. Of these, ten underwent induced blood pressure elevation with phenylephrine and oral medications (in eight) or intravenous fluids (in two) with the goal of improving perfusion; five had no such treatment. Significant functional improvement was defined by a reduction of 3 or more points on the NIH stroke scale (NIHSS). Significant improvement in perfusion was defined by a reduction in the volume of hypoperfused brain by 30 cc on PWI using time-to-peak (TTP) maps, without enlargement of the infarct. There was a strong, statistically significant association between improved function and improved perfusion: six (75%) of eight patients who improved in function, but none of the seven who did not, showed a reduction in volume of hypoperfused brain. All six patients who met the perfusion goal, and only two (22%) of nine who did not showed significant functional improvement (Fisher’s exact: P <0.01). There were no differences between patients who improved functionally and those who did not with respect to age, initial volume of abnormality on DWI or PWI, initial NIHSS, or changes on DWI. These findings indicate that reduction in volume of hypoperfused brain on PWI is a marker of response to treatment to improve perfusion even in subacute stroke and that partial reperfusion of regions of salvageable but dysfunctional tissue is a mechanism of improved function associated with induced blood pressure elevation.
Conflicting aims. Voluntary health insurance and contemporary medical practice.

American medicine is financed today by a patchwork of systems formed around a concept of competitive voluntary health insurance that evolved over the past 50 years. This article reviews the theory of health insurance from a clinical perspective to examine whether changes in medical science and practice have made such an insurance system obsolete. As it is currently applied, a system of competitive voluntary health insurance conflicts with the goals of modern medical practice due to advances in screening and in treatment and the need to deal more effectively with paying for care of unknown efficacy. Proposals to reform health insurance must deal with the medical failings of competitive voluntary health insurance and should do more than simply extend the current system to cover more Americans. (Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:457-463)
Hypothermia in mice due to influenza virus infection.

Summary and Conclusions1. Hypothermia rather than fever was the characteristic thermal response of mice to intranasal inoculation of the PR8 strain of type A influenza virus. 2. Mice showed marked hypothermia with fatal termination in response to inoculation of large amounts, e.g., 1,000 or more infectious doses (ID50), of 2 sublines of the virus, one adapted to embryonated eggs and the other to mice. 3. Inoculation of mice with a small amount of virus, e.g., one to two ID50, did not cause hypothermia. In mice inoculated with about 2 ID50 of egg-line virus. the maximum level of virus in the lungs was lower than in mice inoculated with larger amounts of virus, and pulmonary lesions were present but failed to reach the level of 50% total lung-lesion score. 4. In mice inoculated with a moderate amount of egg-line virus. e.g., about 200 ID50, the maximum virus level in the lungs was reached 3 to 4 days before the occurrence of hypothermia. Time of occurrence and degree of hypothermia appeared to be closely re...
Equivalent circuit of an aperture-coupled lossy cavity

The equivalent circuit of an aperture-coupled cavity is derived via field analysis. To determine the input impedance of a cavity resonator coupled with a waveguide, the equivalent circuit is derived by making use of integral equations and the eigenfunction expansion of dyadic Green's functions. It is shown that the input impedance of the aperture-coupled cavity is the sum of a capacitive reactance and a load impedance resulting from an infinite number of inductively coupled parallel RLC meshes connected in series.
TU‐D‐J‐6C‐04: Assessing Margins Using Known Tumor Motion Trajectory and a Stochastic Convolution/superposition Algorithm

Purpose: To incorporate the effect of tumor motion in routine dose calculations for conventional and IMRTtreatment planning so that tumor margins can be optimized for individual patients based on their respective motion waveforms. Method and Materials: We employed the Monte Carlo Superposition method, which uses random sampling of beams, field segments, photon energy and direction, interaction points and kernel rays from appropriate probability distributions. In this work, the isocenter is also randomly sampled from the motion‐time waveform of the patient's tumor. To verify the method, we performed film measurements on IMRT phantoms placed on a platform that moves sinusoidally in the left‐right or superior‐inferior direction with amplitude of 2‐cm. For a test clinical case, a hepatic tumor case was created on a humanoid phantom using the Pinnacle3IMRT system. The optimized plan was re‐calculated using MC‐superposition dose engine using a motion waveform representative of typical respiratory induced motion. Results: Film measurements averaged over 10 fractions agreed with MC superposition with motion calculations (infinite fraction) within 1mm in isodose lines for both static and 2‐cm sinusoidal motion cases. In the test IMRTliver case with realistic breathing waveform, the isodose lines are seen to shift in the superior direction. Slight underdosing of the GTV and significant underdosing of the PTV can be seen on the inferior side of the tumor, indicating that the 1cm margin on the GTV was not adequate to cover the tumor on the inferior border. Conversely, the margin was found to be too large on the superior tumor border, suggesting the need to reassign the margins and create a new plan. Conclusion: Our method provides a way for the clinicians to make informed decisions about margins required to cover the tumor based on actual motion waveforms of the patient's tumor.
Comparative histochemical study of prosimian primate hindlimb muscles. I. Muscle fiber types.

The profiles of fiber types in hindlimb muscles from the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), and the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) were determined using histochemical techniques. Fibers were classified as fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), slow-twitch oxidative (SO), or fast-twitch oxidative (FO) according to reactions for alkaline-stable ATPase, acid-stable ATPase, a-glucan phosphorylase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (MaGPDH), and s-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, as well as glycogen staining by the periodic acid-Schiff technique. Prolonged dissection of numerous muscles was carried out on hindlimbs submersed in cold Tyrode's solution; such treatment had no qualitative effect on enzyme staining reactions, but it is not a suitable procedure if one wishes to stain for glycogen. Fast-twitch oxidative (FO) fibers were seen only rarely, and only in tree-shrew hindlimb muscles; these fibers are alkaline-stable ATPase-positive and possess low MaGPDH enzyme activity. These fibers have not been reported previously in any hindlimb muscles. No muscles of any species studied were homogeneous with respect to fiber type. Slow loris muscles lacked FG fibers. The majority of the muscles of the slow loris contained numerous SO fibers. The relationship between enzyme activities and locomotor pattern is discussed.
Automated Color Classification of Single Wheat Kernels Using Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance

ABSTRACT Modification of an existing single kernel wheat characterization system allowed collection of visible and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra (450–1,688 nm) at a rate of 1 kernel/4 sec. The spectral information was used to classify red and white wheats in an attempt to remove subjectivity from class determinations. Calibration, validation, and prediction results showed that calibrations using partial least squares regression and derived from the full wavelength profile correctly classed more kernels than either the visible region (450–700 nm) or the NIR region (700–1,688 nm). Most results showed >99% correct classification for single kernels when using the visible and NIR regions. Averaging of single kernel classifications resulted in 100% correct classification of bulk samples.
Reply to Weiner and Higgins: Motivated forgetting is not attributable to a confounding of original learning with retention

In a successful replication of Glucksberg and King (1967) , Weiner and Higgins (1969) found that responses associated with shock via implicit mediational chains were forgotten more often than were neutral responses. However, Weiner and Higgins report that original learning (OL) is related to subsequent retention, and then suggest that OL may be the sole source of variance in the retention data. Analysis of their data as well as our own demonstrates that both shock and OL contribute to the retention variance. We conclude that, in the Glucksberg and King paradigm, shock influences retention.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among US Immigrants: Results of the 2003 New Immigrant Survey

This study estimates the prevalence patterns of overweight and obesity of new immigrants in the US. The 2003 New Immigrant Survey (NIS) was used to generate representative estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among new immigrants overall and by place of origin subgroup. More than 45% of new immigrants are either overweight or obese. Overall, the higher prevalences of both overweight and obesity were found in Latin/Caribbean immigrants, older age group, those with longer years of US residence, and current residents of the West region. Men have a higher overweight prevalence and women have a slightly higher obesity prevalence. The overweight prevalence was higher for immigrants living above the poverty level, but there was not much difference in the obesity prevalence by poverty level. There was notable heterogeneity in overweight and obesity prevalences within and across place of origin groups by age, poverty level, years of US residence, and current resident regions. The study suggests further investigation on the determinants of weight status by place of origin and the importance of tailored interventions for each group.
The Neumann problem in Lp on Lipschitz and convex domains

Abstract Given p > 2 and a bounded Lipschitz domain Ω, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the Neumann problem for Laplace's equation Δ u = 0 in Ω with boundary data in L p ( ∂ Ω ) . As a result, we show that the L p Neumann problem on convex domains in R d is solvable for 1 p ∞ if d = 2 , for 1 p 4 if d = 3 , and for 1 p 3 + e if d ⩾ 4 .
Percutaneous computed tomography-guided renal mass radiofrequency ablation versus cryoablation: doses of sedation medication used.

Abstract Purpose To compare the amount of sedation medication administered during radiofrequency (RF) ablation versus cryoablation of small renal masses. Materials and Methods Records were retrospectively reviewed in patients who underwent percutaneous computed tomography–guided RF ablation and cryoablation of small renal masses from January 2002 to June 2011 for patient and tumor characteristics, amount of medications used for moderate sedation, and complications. Sedation was performed by giving patients titrated doses of midazolam and fentanyl. Additional medications were given if the desired level of sedation was not achieved. Results There were 116 patients who underwent 136 ablation procedures; 71 patients underwent RF ablation, and 65 patients underwent cryoablation. RF ablation was associated with a significantly higher mean dose of fentanyl (mean dose for RF ablation, 236.43 μg; mean dose for cryoablation, 172.27 μg; P P Conclusions Cryoablation of small renal masses was performed with less sedation medication than RF ablation. This finding suggests renal cryoablation is less painful than RF ablation; however, prospective studies with validated pain scales are needed to confirm these results.
Action of puromycin and actinomycin D on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and fructose metabolism in isolated fat cells

Abstract Incubation of collagenase-treated fat cells with 5·10 −4 M puromycin, decreased glucose utilization to about half the control values without affecting the response to insulin. Fructose utilization was only slightly decreased but the response to insulin was diminished. Fructose metabolism was not affected by the presence of glucose in the medium, when glucose uptake was low, but was progressively decreased with rising glucose uptake, irrespective of the presence of insulin. It is suggested that decreased fructose metabolism in the presence of a high glucose uptake is due to competitive inhibition of fructose metabolism at the hexokinase level and that the opposite effects of puromycin on glucose and fructose metabolism in the presence or absence of insulin may be due to the existence of four functionally distinct sites of entry for basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose and fructose. Preincubation with 100 μg of actinomycin D per ml blocked the action of insulin in fat cells but not in whole adipose tissue. Addition of insulin to the cells before actinomycin prevented this effect. It is suggested that actinomycin prevents binding of insulin to cells which have been affected in some way by collagenase. The concentrations of inhibitors required to inhibit protein synthesis were lower than those required for the observed effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
Electrophysiological effects of monoamine-derived aldehydes on single neurons in neocortex and cerebellum in rats.

The electrophysiological effects of aldehydes derived from several monoamines were studied on single neurons m the cerebellum and neocortex of rats. The aldehydes derived from dopamine (3,4-dihy-droxyphenylacetaldehyde) and serotonin (5-hydroxy-3-acetalde-hyde) were prepared as stable disutfite complexes, from which free aldehydes were extracted. Serotonin and S-hydroxy-3-acetaMehyde caused pronounced depression of firing rates both of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and neurons in prefrontal cortex. When locally applied from muHibarrel micropipettes by pressure ejection, 5-hy-droxy-3-acetaldehyde was twice as potent in the neocortex as in the cerebellum, and was equipotent with serotonin in both brain areas. The aldehyde of tryptamine also caused depressions of neuronal activity in cerebellum, but only at 5-fold higher doses than were effective for 5-hydroxy-3-acetaldehyde. 3,4-Dihydroxyphen-ylacetaldehyde was without effect in prefrontal cortex, but had mixed responses in the cerebellum. The results show that monoamine-derived aldehydes are physiologically active. It is possible that changes in the steady state level of these aldehydes caused by drugs such as ethanol and barbiturates might influence the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the central nervous system.
Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a comparison of two implant designs

We report a randomised prospective study comparing two implants, the Gamma trochanteric nail and the ACE trochanteric nail, in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly. One hundred and twelve patients were randomised on admission into two treatment groups. Fifty-six patients were treated with Gamma nail implants, and 56 were treated with ACE trochanteric nail. The average age of these patients was 78 years. Twenty fractures were stable and 92 unstable. The mean follow-up time was 8 months (6 –12). Regular clinical and radiological review was done 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Operation time, fluoroscopy time, blood transfusion and complications were recorded. The mobility score was used to assess the pre-injury and postoperative mobility status. All the patients were treated within 36 h of their accident. There were no complications during surgery. All the patients were mobilised in the first 24 h postoperatively, regardless of the fracture type, and weight bearing was permitted as tolerated. Union of the fracture was achieved in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the studied parameters. There was no mechanical failure of the implants despite the early patient mobilisation. Early operation and early mobilisation resulted in a good functional outcome in all patients. Both the trochanteric gamma nail and ACE trochanteric nail provide effective methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.
The basis for slowly reversible inhibition of dehydroquinate synthase: a case of mistaken identity?

Abstract Kinetic parameters have been determined for inhibition of DHQ synthase by [IR-(1α,4α,5β]-1,4-dihydroxy-5-(phosphonomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (C-3 deoxycarbaphosphonate) and [1S-(1α,3β,3β]-1,3-dihydroxy-5-(phosphonomethyl)cyclohexane-1-1carboxylic acid (C-4 deoxycarbaphosphonate). Comparison of these parameters suggests a new interpretation for slowly reversible inhibition of DHQ synthase.
Electrospun MEH-PPV/SBA-15 Composite Nanofibers Using a Dual Syringe Method

The process of electrospinning, which produces fibers in the nanometer to micron range under the influence of high voltages, has been widely studied to produce polymer and textile fibers. Mesoporous molecular sieve fibers have been produced in our lab, and this technique was extended to produce an interwoven mesh of polymer-molecular sieve composite fibers. The electroluminescent polymer MEH-PPV and molecular sieve SBA-15 were used to produce the composite fibers. An interesting aspect of these composites is that the fluorescence of MEH-PPV is blue shifted in the composites. The composites have been characterized by microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and fluorescence measurements.
Distance Measurements by Dipolar Recoupling Two-Dimensional Solid-State NMR

We present a two-dimensional NMR technique for the measurement of dipolar couplings in polycrystalline solids. This experiment is fully transverse and uses a windowless dipolar recoupling pulse sequence (DRAWS, described in Gregory, D. M.; et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 246, 654−663) to effect coherence transfer. Direct, internuclear coherence transfer produces negative cross-peaks in the 2D spectrum. Cross-peak development and experimental requirements for obtaining distances from the two-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra of two- and three-spin systems are discussed, and demonstrations are shown for thymidine-2,4-13C2 and l-alanine-13C3. Internuclear distances are derived by comparison of experimental cross-peak buildup curves with numerical simulations. In the three-spin system, indirect coherence-transfer mechanisms prohibit the interpretation of buildup curves as due to isolated spin pair interactions and limit the accuracy of some distance measurements. This 2D technique can also be used for spectr...
The Impact of Journals and Authors on International Business Research: A Citational Analysis of JIBS Articles

In this paper we use citational analysis to examine the influence of individuals and disciplines on international business research. We collected citational data over the ten-year period 1984 to 1993 from every issue of the Journal of International Business Studies. We found that management, economics, marketing, and finance disciplines have had significant influence on international business research and identified researchers such as Dunning, Porter, Vernon, Casson, Rugman, and Hofstede as having made significant contributions to international business research.
Alternate Site Testing for Hemoglobin A1C in Children With Diabetes

PurposeAlternate site testing is appropriate for blood glucose monitoring in euglycemic states, but use of alternate sites for collection of hemoglobin A1C has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether A1C results obtained from palm or forearm samples are equivalent to A1C results obtained from fingertip samples in a pediatric population. The secondary purposes were to determine whether there were differences in the perceived level of site pain and if there was a site preference.MethodsEighty-four children aged 5 to 20 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either fingertip and palm (N = 41) or fingertip and forearm (N = 40) groups. A1C samples were obtained in random order with 1 sample immediately following the other.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients were 0.99 for fingertip and palm, and 0.98 for fingertip and forearm. Paired t tests showed no differences between either set of values. Bland-Altman bias was minimal: -0.01% (95% confidence interv...
Research priorities: wheeled mobility.

Purpose. To bring together an interdisciplinary group of leaders in the field of seating and wheeled mobility to discuss and exchange information about the methodological challenges of studying health, activity and participation of wheelchair users. This article summarizes the discussions from the Wheeled Mobility breakout groups.Methods. Conference attendees were provided with wheeled mobility priority topics determined by consensus. Groups were tasked with configuring a research topic into a research project. Each group was provided with a general framework to guide discussions:identify research questions, specific aims or hypotheses, study design possibilities, recruitment considerations, measurement variables and tools, analysis considerations and anticipated methodological challenges.Results. The four priority research topics examined were: Impact of mobility equipment on health outcomes; Relating activity and participation to health outcomes; Impact of wheelchair design on function; and Health impac...
Hepatitis C treatment and SVR: the gap between clinical trials and real-world treatment aspirations.

Abstract Objective Despite the remarkable improvements in pharmacologic treatment efficacy for hepatitis C (HCV) reported in published clinical trials, published research suggests that, in "real-world" patient care, these medical outcomes may be difficult to achieve. This review was undertaken to summarize recent experience in the treatment of HCV in clinical settings, examining the course of patients through the stages of treatment and barriers to treatment encountered. Method A comprehensive and representative review of the relevant literature was undertaken to examine HCV treatment experience outside of clinical trials in the last decade. This review found 25 unique studies with data on course of treatment and/or barriers to treatment in samples of patients with HCV not preselected for inclusion in clinical trials. Results Results were examined separately for samples selected for HCV infection versus HCV/HIV coinfection. Only 19% of HCV-selected and 16% of HCV/HIV-coinfection selected patients were considered treatment eligible and advanced to treatment; even fewer completed treatment (13% and 11%, respectively) or achieved sustained virologic response (3% and 6%, respectively). Psychiatric and medical ineligibilities were the primary treatment barriers. Conclusion Only by systematically observing and addressing potentially solvable medical and psychosocial barriers to treatment will more patients be enrolled in and complete HCV therapy.
Juvenile addison's disease: Followup behavioral studies in seven cases

Abstract (1) Seven patients with a history of juvenile Addison's disease were followed after diagnosis and onset of treatment for a range of 1–23 yr, with a mean of 13 yr. (2) In all cases, the onset of disease occurred while the patients were prepubertal or pubertal in development. (3) The onset of the disease was expressed behaviorally in symptoms mostly related to inhibitory behavior. (4) Subsequent to endocrine therapy with cortisone or its equivalent, the patients experienced relief from most somatic and behavioral symptoms, though some were slow to go into total remission. (5) The behavioral data on followup suggest that juvenile Addisonian patients do not constitute a population at risk with respect to specific psychologic disturbances or psychopathology attributable to their history of adrenocortical deficiency.
Lifting-Surface Theory for a Semi-Infinite Wing in Oblique Gust

An unsteady lifting-surface theory is developed for the calculation of the airload on a semi-infinite-span thin wing in a compressible flow due to interaction with an oblique gust. By using the solutions obtained for a two-dimensional wing, the problem is formulated so that the unknown is taken to be the difference between the airload on the semi-infinite wing and that on a two-dimensional wing under the same gust conditions. Since this airload difference is nonzero only near the wing tip, the control points need be distributed in the tip region only; this significantly simplifies the numerical procedure. Results are presented for a wing with rectangular tip. The implication for noise and unsteady loads due to blade-vortex interaction for helicopter rotors is discussed.
Editing and versioning dynamic network models

Network data models are widely used to describe the connectivity between spatial features in GIS architectures. Recent applications demand that such models are editable in multiuser environments. The preferred method to resolve conflicts in GIS systems is the use of multiple versions of the data to encapsulate the modifications generated by the end users. In this demo we present a flexible versioning scheme for network models. Our solution is based on marking "dirty areas" (regions which contain conflicts between multiple versions) and subsequent cleaning of these dirty areas. We have implemented a prototype of this versioning scheme and have used it extensively to support various ESRI applications which utilize network models.
Adaptive Multi-Sensor Waveform Design for RF Tomographic Sensors

Distributed sensing systems incorporating RF tomography allow a trade-off between spatial and spectral diversity, however a large number of widely spaced sensors is conventionally thought to be required. A practical method of reducing the number of sensor nodes is introduced via the concept of the Virtual Tomographic Array. Furthermore, the geometry of this virtual array is electronically reconfigurable. Optimal resource allocation is accomplished instantaneously, with dynamic control based upon matching sensing modalities to site specific target and clutter observables.
Critical analysis of prostate-specific antigen doubling time calculation methodology†

BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT) has emerged as an important surrogate marker of disease progression and survival in men with prostate carcinoma. The literature is replete with different methods for calculating PSADT. The objective of the current study was to identify the method that best described PSA growth over time and predicted disease-specific survival in men with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. METHODS PSADT was calculated for 122 patients with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma using 2 commonly used methods: best-line fit (BLF) and first and last observations (FLO). Then, PSADT was calculated by using both a random coefficient linear (RCL) model and a random coefficient quadratic (RCQ) model. Statistical analysis was used to compare the ability of the methods to fit the patients' PSA profiles and to predict disease-specific survival. RESULTS The RCQ model provided the best fit of the patients' PSA profiles, as determined according to the significance of the added parameters for the RCQ equation (P ≤ 0.002). The PSADT estimates from the FLO method, the RCL model, and the RCQ model were highly significant predictors (P < 0.001) of disease-specific survival, whereas estimates from the BLF method were not found to be significant predictors (P = 0.66). PSADT estimates from the RCQ and RCL models provided an improved correlation of disease-specific survival (both R2 = 0.55) compared to the FLO (R2 = 0.11) and BFL (R2 = 0.003) methods. CONCLUSIONS Random coefficient methods provided a more reliable fit of PSA profiles than other models and were superior to other available models for predicting disease-specific survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. The authors concluded that consideration should be given to applying the RCL or RCQ models in future assessments of PSADT as a predictive parameter. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Molecular data support the Laboulbeniales as a separate class of Ascomycota , Laboulbeniomycetes

The Laboulbeniales have had a clouded taxonomic history. Initially interpreted as abnormal cuticular outgrowths of arthropods, they have since been considered to be acanthocephalans, basidiomycetes, and zygomycetes as well as ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of SSU rDNA with species of Chytridiomycota as outgroup taxa, and including trichomycete and entomophthoralean Zygomycota, provides evidence of the placement of a Laboulbeniales-Pyxidiophora clade among the Ascomycota. Support for parsimony analyses came from maximum likelihood ratio tests applied to trees with ten different topological constraints. The placement among Ascomycota, excluded from Sordariomycetes, is well supported, and indicative of a distinct lineage, class Laboulbeniomycetes. At this time, however, we are unable to discover close relatives of the Laboulbeniomycetes clade among other filamentous ascomycetes.
Could a Woman Say “No” in Biblical Israel? On the Genealogy of Legal Status in Biblical Law and Literature

In Genesis 26, one of the so-called wife–sister stories, Abimelech King of Gerar catches Isaac “playing” with the woman he had introduced as his sister, namely, Rebekah his wife. He immediately confronts the trickster, rebuking him for presenting his wife as a single and therefore sexually available woman: “What is this you have done to us? One of the people could easily have lain with your wife, and you would have brought guilt upon us” (Genesis 26:10). Abimelech's remarks ought to give one pause. He apparently suggests that sexual contact with this Hebrew woman is as easy as brushing elbows with a stranger in a crowded street, which is to say, he fails to consider or even acknowledge the possibility that Rebekah might have just said “No!” Furthermore, the narrowly avoided “guilt” he refers to consists not of this woman's rape by some local sexual predator—in which case her secret identity as Isaac's wife would be irrelevant—but of an otherwise innocent man's unwitting violation, consensual or nonconsensual, it matters not, of her treacherously concealed marital obligations. In other words, the underlying legal reasoning here conceives of Rebekah not as an autonomous subject whose rights (i.e., the right to refuse a sexual advance) must be protected, but as an object within the domain of her husband, whose prior claims—namely, to sexual exclusivity—must be respected. Abimelech's at-first puzzling remarks, then, provide us with a glimpse into a wholly foreign legal episteme or discursive formation.
Characterization challenges for nanomaterials

Nanostructured materials are increasingly subject to nearly every type of chemical and physical analysis possible. Due to their small sizes, there is a significant focus on tools with high spatial resolution. It is also natural to characterize nanomaterials using tools designed to analyze surfaces, because of their high surface area. Regardless of the approach, nanostructured materials present a variety of obstacles to adequate, useful, and needed analysis. Case studies of measurements on ceria and iron metal-core/oxide-shell nanoparticles are used to introduce some of the issues that frequently need to be addressed during analysis of nanostructured materials. We use a combination of tools for routine analysis including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and apply several other methods as needed to obtain essential information. The examples provide an introduction to other issues and complications associated with the analysis of nanostructured materials including particle stability, probe effects, environmental effects, specimen handling, surface coating, contamination, and time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault detection and recovery efficiency co-optimization through compile-time analysis and runtime adaptation

The ever scaling-down feature size and noise margin keep elevating hardware failure rates, requiring the incorporation of fault tolerance into computer systems. One fault tolerance scheme that receives a lot of research attention is redundant execution. However, existing solutions are developed under the assumption that the fault rate is low. These techniques either solely focus on fault detection, or sometimes even increase recovery cost to reduce fault detection overhead. The lack of overall efficiency makes them insufficient and inappropriate for embedded systems with tight energy and cost budget. Our study shows that checkpoint frequency and fault rate are two critical parameters determining the overall fault detection and recovery overhead. To co-optimize detection and recovery, we statically construct a mathematical model, capable of taking application and architecture characteristics into consideration and identifying the optimal checkpoint frequency of an application for a given fault rate. Moreover, as the fault rate is infeasible to predict a priori, we furthermore propose a set of heuristics, enabling the system to dynamically monitor the fault rate and adapt the checkpoint frequency accordingly. The efficacy of the static and the adaptive optimizations is evaluated through detailed instructionlevel simulation. The results show that the optimal checkpoint frequency identified by the static model is very close to the actual value (6% deviation) and the run-time adaptation scheme effectively reduces the overhead caused by the unpredictability in fault rate.
Order Reduction via Multiple Singular Parameters

Model reduction methods based upon singular perturbation theory is now well developed in analysis and design of large scale control systems. However, applications of singular-perturbational results are dictated by the fact that mathematical models must be expressed in the singularly perturbed form. The problem of identifying singular parameters from a dynamic model of a large scale physical system is still relatively unexplored. Sanuti, Syrcos and Wason recently made a significant contribution in developing a systematic procedure which converts the state equations of a large scale linear time-invariant system to singularly perturbed form. [1][2] It is the purpose of this paper to address the problem of identifying singular parameters which will facilitate controller and observer designs with the aid of reduced-order models. In this paper singular values of an internally-balanced generalized state model are shown to be used as singular parameters in multiparameter singular-perturbational models.
Histological evaluation in ulcerative colitis

This review summarizes diagnostic problems, challenges and advances in ulcerative colitis (UC). It emphasizes that, although histopathological examination plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of UC, it should always be interpreted in the context of clinical, endoscopic, and radiological findings. Accurate diagnosis requires knowledge of the classic morphological features of UC, as well as a number of atypical pathological presentations that may cause mis-classification of the disease process, either in resection or biopsy specimens. These atypical pathological presentations include rectal sparing and patchiness of disease at initial presentation of UC in pediatric patients or in the setting of medically treated UC, cecal or ascending colon inflammation in left-sided UC, and backwash ileitis in patients with severe ulcerative pancolitis. Loosely formed microgranulomas, with pale foamy histiocytes adjacent to a damaged crypt or eroded surface, should not be interpreted as evidence of Crohn’s disease. Indeterminate colitis should only be used in colectomy specimens as a provisional pathological diagnosis. Patients with UC are at risk for the development of dysplasia and carcinoma; optimal outcomes in UC surveillance programs require familiarity with the diagnostic criteria and challenges relating to UC-associated dysplasia and malignancy. Colon biopsy from UC patients should always be evaluated for dysplasia based on cytological and architectural abnormalities. Accurate interpretation and classification of dysplasia in colon biopsy from UC patients as sporadic adenoma or UC-related dysplasia [flat, adenoma-like, or dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM)] requires clinical and endoscopic correlation. Isolated polypoid dysplastic lesions are considered to be sporadic adenoma if occurring outside areas of histologically proven colitis, or adenoma-like dysplasia if occurring in the diseased segment. Recent data suggest that such lesions may be treated adequately by polypectomy in the absence of flat dysplasia in the patient. UC patients with DALM or flat high-grade dysplasia should be treated by colectomy because of the high probability of adenocarcinoma. The natural history of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) is more controversial: while multifocal LGD, particularly if detected at the time of initial endoscopic examination, is treated with colectomy, unifocal flat LGD detected during surveillance may be managed by close follow-up with increased surveillance. The surveillance interval and treatment options for UC patients with dysplasia are reviewed in detail.
Recombinant activated factor VII treatment of severe bleeding in cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective analysis of dosing, and efficacy and safety outcomes

This study describes patient characteristics, recombinant activated factor VII (RF7a) dosing and clinical outcomes of cardiovascular surgery patients treated with RF7a for intractable bleeding. Use of RF7a for postsurgical bleeding, trauma or other uses in non-hemophiliac patients is considered off-label in the USA. Comprehensive studies evaluating RF7a in cardiac surgery patients are limited. Published reports cite success with RF7a administration in massive intractable bleeding. However, patient selection, dosing, efficacy, safety and pharmacoeconomic benefit remain undefined. Patients receiving RF7a between January 2004 and September 2005 were identified via pharmacy records. Clinical databases and electronic medical records were reviewed, collecting data elements needed to assess study objectives. One hundred and twenty patients were identified. Twenty-seven patients were excluded because they lacked documentation of RF7a administration, were treated for neurologic indications or had incomplete medical record data. Ninety-three patients were analyzed. RF7a effectively achieves hemostasis in patients with intractable bleeding, reducing blood product transfusions within 6 hours of treatment (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Our findings suggest differences in PRBC transfusion reduction between RF7a doses. We observed no additional reduction PRBC transfusions in patients administered doses greater than 60–90 μg/kg (Figure ​(Figure2).2). Effects of RF7a on surgical re-exploration and other potential related adverse events (stroke, AMI, VTE, etc.) are forthcoming. Our study, like others evaluating RF7a for this indication, are limited by the retrospective scope. Randomized trials comparing RF7a doses are under way. Although RF7a therapy is costly, minimal reductions in surgical re-exploration may offset the cost of RF7a therapy provided that adverse events are not increased. Figure 1 Figure 2
Relay Writing in an Adolescent Online Community

“Welcome to Buckeye City” is an adolescent online community that was maintained by 25 Korean students who attended American schools. On the website, the students engaged in “relay writing”—a writing activity in which each person contributed a portion of an evolving story in a relayed manner. Relay writing offers teachers a new and valuable window into online literacy as well as adolescent literacy practices beyond school. The activity can help teachers understand adolescents' composing activities in voluntary (i.e., out-of-school) circumstances.
Mechanism of bactericidal and fungicidal activities of textiles covalently modified with alkylated polyethylenimine.

Our previous studies have led to a novel "nonrelease" approach to making materials bactericidal by covalently attaching certain moderately hydrophobic polycations to their surfaces. In the present work, this strategy is extended beyond the heretofore-used nonporous materials to include common woven textiles (cotton, wool, nylon, and polyester). Pieces of such cloths derivatized with N-hexylated+methylated high-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) are strongly bactericidal against several airborne Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the immobilized and N-alkylated PEIs of low molecular weight have only a weak, if any, bactericidal activity. These findings support a mechanism of the antibacterial action whereby high-molecular-weight and hydrophobic polycationic chains penetrate bacterial cell membranes/walls and fatally damage them. The bactericidal textiles prepared herein are lethal not only to pathogenic bacteria but to fungi as well.