cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the irradiated patient with dental implants: the case against hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

The controversy concerning placement of dental implants into bone that has been irradiated has a long history. Much work has been done experimentally and clinically to elucidate the mechanism of radiation injury to bone. Understanding the principles believed to result in radiation injury is important, but the clinician, even armed with the most relevant and up to date knowledge, must weigh hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) versus alternatives. When the alternative is nothing, the decision becomes more difficult. There is considerable evidence that radiation injury damages the vasculature, the cells, enhances susceptibility to infection, and creates a wound healing problem. First, any discussion of this problem must separate implant healing in previously radiated bone from radiation of bone containing implants and bone graft healing after transplantation. This article limits itself to questions related to placement of dental implants into previously irradiated bone. Major questions exist regarding several critical issues. The amount of radiation is critical with more than 5,000 cGy, which is often cited as a level for concern. The location of implant placement is critical because common understanding is that the mandible is more susceptible to injury than the maxilla and the symphysis area most resistant. Even this dictum deserves discussion given more recent information. Was the bone to receive implants in the field of radiation? Of great interest and importance, based on existing clinical studies, is the question of whether or not radiation injury is progressive or if it reaches a stable end point, thus enabling placement at a safe time. Thus, the time from radiation therapy to implant placement is critical to success. Time has 2 dimensions regarding clinical judgment. The first, should implants be placed close to the time of completion of radiation therapy for best results, or should one wait a year to place implants? The biologic basis for each has some support. In the former, evidence exists in soft and hard tissue that the acute changes of radiation injury are less detrimental than the chronic changes. The argument for delayed placement is based on the evidence that after a critical length of time, the bone and soft tissue changes following radiation therapy stabilize.
Effect of Rate of Viscosity Variation on the Performance of Journal Bearings

Variations in viscosity within the film is known to have a pronounced effect on journal bearing performance. Lubricants of the same grade with the same viscosity at a particular temperature and ambient pressure can have different viscosity values at other temperatures and pressures. The effect of rate of viscosity variation due to the changes in temperautre and pressure on ther performance of an axial grooved journal bearing is the focus of this investigation. Roelands' model on viscosity-temperature-pressure relationship of lubricants is adopted. Covitation modelling with regard to thermal effects and mass conservation are carefully considered. A total THD model with heat transfer within the fluid film and heat dissipation to the ambient through the journal and bush, is utilized. For different rates of viscosity variation with respect to temperature and pressure, comparison of performance parameters and typical temperature distributions are presented.
Some methods of making realistic fish dummies for ethological research

Several techniques for the construction of realistic dummies for use as stimulus objects in behavioral research are described. This paper details several alternative methods for making exact copies (castings) of a living or dead fish specimen. The methods described herein can be extended to construct castings of amphibians, reptiles, and certain invertebrates for use in ethological and psychological research.
Risk Management Techniques for the General Dentist and Specialist

Malpractice litigation is part of everyday clinical practice and is an area of which all dentists need to be aware. With proper forethought and planning, this vexing issue can be controlled and made less anxiety producing. The astute clinician must be as diligent in risk-reduction management and strategies as he/she is in practicing excellent dentistry. This article discusses various preventive measures that can be used to help mitigate malpractice claims and preclude them from developing. Good patient communication, rapport, and excellent documentation are the keys to minimizing, and possibly eliminating future lawsuits.
The Nadi Basin: Neogene strike-slip faulting and sedimentation in a fragmented arc, western Viti Levu, Fiji

The Nadi Basin in western Viti Levu is one of a number of sedimentary basins controlled by E–W to NE–SW faults that developed on the Fiji Platform in the Late Miocene. The initial basin fill, belonging to the Upper Miocene Nadi Sedimentary Group, consists of mainly basement-derived breccias and sandstones, deposited at bathyal depths by sediment gravity flows on a basin floor dissected by braided E–W faults. The main source area lay to the south, across the actively down-faulting basin margin. In the latest Miocene, a change in provenance took place as debris spread southward from a newly developed E–W chain of shoshonitic volcanoes (Koroimavua Volcanic Group) some 12 km north of the southern basin margin. Continued normal displacement along the southern margin allowed the deposition of a thick sequence of shoshonitic sandstones at bathyal depths on the downthrown side. In the earliest Pliocene, the onset of basin inversion was marked by shallowing to neritic depths and the onlap of sandstones and shoshonitic conglomerates southward onto pre-Nadi Sedimentary Group basement. As inversion proceeded the basin fill was folded and southward-directed reverse displacement took place along the southern basin margin. Evidence from the Nadi and other Late Miocene basins indicates that they developed as a result of broadly E–W-directed-sinistral strike-slip, probably related to a shearing collision of the Melanesian Border Plateau with the northern margin of the Fiji Platform during the breakup of the formerly continuous Outer Melanesian arc. It is suggested that prior to the establishment of the Fiji fracture zone at 7-6 Ma, much of the left-lateral displacement currently taking place along that plate boundary was accommodated by strike-slip deformation within the Fiji Platform.
Microscopic and conventional optical model analysis of fast neutron scattering from /sup 54,56/Fe

Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of neutrons from /sup 54,56/Fe have been measured at several energies in the 20--26 MeV region. The data have been analyzed both in terms of the standard phenomenological optical model, and in the framework of two different microscopic models based upon nuclear matter calculations using realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions and a local density approximation. Isospin consistency of the microscopic-model calculations was also tested by analyzing proton elastic differential cross section data in the same energy region, as well as both proton and neutron elastic analyzing power data. The microscopic calculations yield quite reasonable agreement with the data, even though they contain no free geometrical parameters. The quality of the results for the analyzing power data is particularly impressive, indicating that the very simple, density- and energy-independent spin-orbit force used in the calculations is sufficient. The differences between the various models are clarified by examining the momentum-space representations of the potentials.
Exfoliation of respiratory epithelium in hamster tracheal organ cultures infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Hamster tracheal organ cultures were infected with M. pneumoniae and examined sequentially by transmission and scanning electron microscopy to correlate surface with intracellular alterations. Infection was established by culture and the demonstration of morphologically compatible organisms on the mucosal surface. Ciliated epithelial cells developed vacuolization of the apical and subnuclear cytoplasm and eventually fragmented along planes formed by coalescing vacuoles. Non-ciliated cells showed apical swelling and loss of microvilli during the course of infection. After degeneration and sloughing of both ciliated and non-ciliated cells, a flattened layer of intact basal cells covered the submucosa. It is likely that progressive vacuolization of epithelial cells leads to exfoliation of both cells and cell fragments in M. pneumoniae infection. Since organisms frequently are associated with these exfoliated cells, their potential presence in sputum and lavage specimens could prove to be of diagnostic importance.
Determination of Redundancy and Systems Properties of the Metabolic Network of Helicobacter pylori Using Genome-Scale Extreme Pathway Analysis

The capabilities of genome-scale metabolic networks can be described through the determination of a set of systemically independent and unique flux maps called extreme pathways. The first study of genome-scale extreme pathways for the simultaneous formation of all nonessential amino acids or ribonucleotides in Helicobacter pylori is presented. Three key results were obtained. First, the extreme pathways for the production of individual amino acids in H. pylori showed far fewer internal states per external state than previously found in Haemophilus influenzae, indicating a more rigid metabolic network. Second, the degree of pathway redundancy in H. pylori was essentially the same for the production of individual amino acids and linked amino acid sets, but was approximately twice that of the production of the ribonucleotides. Third, the metabolic network of H. pylori was unable to achieve extensive conversion of amino acids consumed to the set of either nonessential amino acids or ribonucleotides and thus diverted a large portion of its nitrogen to ammonia production, a potentially important result for pH regulation in its acidic habitat. Genome-scale extreme pathways elucidate emergent system-wide properties. Extreme pathway analysis is emerging as a potentially important method to analyze the link between the metabolic genotype and its phenotypes.
Technological Factors Relevant to Continuity on ERP for E-Business Platform: Integration, Modularity, and Flexibility

ABSTRACT Most enterprise systems (ES) solutions have evolved with the technological factors of flexibility, modularity and integration embedded to fit both business and information technology (IT) requirements for many organizations. Recently, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and business-to-business electronic business (e-business) have received much attention within both the practitioner and academic communities, especially concerning the technological factors. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework that could be used to investigate a possible relationship between ERP and other ES systems with the factors of flexibility, integration and modularity for e-business. In the 1990's, ERP systems were introduced to fulfill some of the technological requirements across functional areas within a corporate boundary. Moreover, with the exponential growth of Internet technology and the emergence of e-business, the focus of ERP systems has changed from an integrated functional focus within an organiza...
Analysis of critical points in semiconductor optical functions from in situ and real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract In this study, dielectric functions of sufficient quality for analyses of band structure critical points (CPs) have been obtained from high speed spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements performed using a multichannel instrument during semiconductor preparation and processing. This new capability has been applied to crystalline Si materials whose dielectric functions are modified by finite size effects resulting from electron scattering at surfaces and grain boundaries. First, we have determined the particle size dependence of the CP parameters for isolated Si microcrystals from an analysis of ellipsometric spectra collected in real time during preparation by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The resulting information has also been applied to characterize the near-surface structure of a recrystallized Si substrate processed by diamond polishing-annealing steps and measured in situ prior to diamond deposition.
Influence of amytal and menadione on high-energy phosphates and acid secretion in frog gastric mucosa

Measurement of ATP and creatine phosphate in isolated frog gastric mucosa showed that amytal depressed the level of both high-energy compounds and inhibited acid secretion. Addition of menadione restored the ATP level to control values and partially restored the creatine phosphate levels but did not support acid secretion. Menadione was found to support that portion of active chloride transport which is not associated with acid output. It is concluded that an amytal-sensitive reaction, presumably mitochondrial coupling site I, is required for acid secretion to occur and that ATP is not a sufficient source of energy for this secretory process.
Electrical transport in Na, K, Rb, and Cs fullerides: Phase formation, microstructure, and metallicity

The electrical properties of the alkali-metal fullerides have been investigated via parallel resistivity measurements and photoelectron spectroscopy. Phase formation associated with the incorporation of Na, K, Rb, and Cs into ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ films is reflected by the dependence of resistivity on temperature and alkali-metal concentration. Photoemission spectra show the details of the filling of states derived from the lowest unoccupied molecular level and the consequences of electron correlation. For K-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and Rb-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ films, the resistivity and photoemission results indicate metallic character only for the ${\mathit{A}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ phase. Changes in the temperature coefficient of resistivity for Rb-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ as a function of doping reveal the granular nature of the film and show the transition from insulating to metallic character. In contrast, the Na and Cs fullerides are insulators for all concentrations. The temperature-dependent resistivity results for ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ show a phase transformation at 226 K for x between two and three, but neither phase is metallic.
Palytoxin poisoning after dermal contact with zoanthid coral.

Abstract Background: Palytoxin is most commonly reported after ingestion of seafood. We report a case of palytoxin poisoning from dermal absorption with local toxicity from zoanthid coral in a patient with intact skin. Case Report: A 25-year-old previously healthy woman handled a zoanthid coral from a home aquarium without any barrier protection. The patient manifested neurologic symptoms of perioral paresthesia and dysguesia. In addition, there was local dermatologic toxicity that persisted for several days. The patient was treated supportively with corticosteroids and a histamine antagonist. Conclusion: We report a case of palytoxin poisoning from dermal absorption after handling a zoanthid coral. Palytoxin is a potent marine toxin that affects the sodium-potassium ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase) pump and can cause multiple clinical effects, including paresthesia, dysguesia, hypertension, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
FIRST LASING OF THE COMPACT INFRARED FREE-ELECTRON LASER

Abstract On 15 May 1996, lasing was achieved at the Compact Infrared Free-Electron Laser (CIRFEL) at 14 μm. The electron beam energy was 11.2 MeV and the micropulse charge was 1 nC. The width of the detuning curve was approximately 50 μm. Since achieving this milestone, we have lased repeatedly from 12.5 to 20 μm with between 0.25 and 1.5 nC of charge. Saturation is typically reached in less than 1.5 μs. The measured FEL spectrum is Gaussian in shape with a line width of 56 nm at 13 μm. Assuming a transform limited pulse, this corresponds to an FEL light pulse of 4.4 ps. The CIRFEL is a photocathode based free-electron laser with a micropulse width of 4–10 ps and a micropulse separation of 7 ns. The macropulse length is between 4 and 6 μs and the repetition rate is between 1 and 5 Hz. We present details of the CIRFEL machine as well as experimental measurements of the FEL radiation.
Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in the management of completely resected soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity and superficial trunk

Abstract Purpose : A prospective randomized trial evaluating adjuvant brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcomas was conducted between July 1982 and July 1987. Methods and Materials : One hundred twenty-six patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity or superfacial trunk (STS) underwent grossly complete resection with limb-sparing surgery. Intra-operatively, patients were randomized to receive either adjuvant brachytherapy (BRT) or no further therapy (no BRT). BRT consisted of an Iridium-192 implant which delivered 4200–4500 cGy over 4–6 days. Total hospital stay for combined surgery and BRT was 10–14 days. Patients in each group were well matched with respect to age, sex, site, tumor size, depth, histologic type, and grade. Median follow-up is 665 months for all living patients. Results : At 5 years, local control was 82% in the BRT group vs. 67% in the no BRT group (p = .049). When analyzed by histologic grade, high grade tumors had local control of 90% with BRT vs. 65% with no BRT (p = .013). There was no difference in local control in the low grade patients in either arm. At 5 years, the proportion free of distant metastases was approximately 76% in both arms, with no difference between BRT and no BRT. When analyzed by grade, high grade patients had a similar proportion free of distant metastasis in the BRT vs. no BRT arms despite improved local control in those receiving BRT. Similarly, the disease-specific survival for all patients at 5 years was 81% for BRT vs. 80% for no BRT (p = NS). When analyzed by grade, and treatment (BRT vs. no BRT), 5-year disease-specific survival for high grade was the same in both groups. Conclusions : Adjuvant BRT significantly improves local control in completely resected STS. This improvement is confined to patients with high grade histology. BRT provides excellent local control in this group, and significantly shortens the treatment time when compared to adjuvant external beam radiation. However, the improved local control does not translate into either decreased distant metastasis or increased disease-specific survival.
Exploratory Evaluation of Medication Classes Most Commonly Involved in Nursing Home Errors

Abstract Background Medication errors may potentially pose significant risk of harmful outcomes in vulnerable nursing home residents. Current literature lacks data regarding the drug classes most frequently involved in errors in this population and their risk relative to underlying drug class utilization rates. Objectives This study (1) describes the frequency and error characteristics for the drug classes most commonly involved in medication errors in nursing homes, and (2) examines the correlation between drug class utilization rates and their involvement in medication errors in nursing home residents. Design A cross-sectional analysis of individual medication error incidents reported by North Carolina nursing homes to the Medication Error Quality Initiative during fiscal years 2010 to 2011 was conducted. Participants All nursing home residents in the state of North Carolina. Main measures The 10 drug classes most frequently involved in medication errors were identified. Characteristics and patient impact of these medication errors were further examined as frequencies and proportions within each drug class. Medication error data were combined with data from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey to capture nationally representative estimates of medication use by drug class in nursing home patients. The correlation between medication utilization and error involvement was assessed. Results There were 32,176 individual medication errors reported to Medication Error Quality Initiative in years 2010–2011. The 10 drug classes most commonly involved in medication errors were analgesics (12.27%), anxiolytics/sedative/hypnotics (8.39%), antidiabetic agents (5.86%), anticoagulants (5.04%), anticonvulsants (4.05%), antidepressants (4.05%), laxatives (3.13%), ophthalmic preparations (2.77%), antipsychotics (2.47%), and diuretics (2.34%). The correlation between utilization and medication error involvement was not statistically significant (P value for spearman correlation coefficient = .88), suggesting certain drug classes are more likely to be involved in medication errors in nursing home patients regardless of the extent of their use. Conclusions The drug classes frequently and disproportionately involved in errors in nursing homes include anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics, antidiabetic agents, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and ophthalmic preparations. Better understanding of the causes and prevention strategies to reduce these errors may improve nursing home patient safety.
Role of Referrals in Mental Health Service Disparities for Racial and Ethnic Minority Youth

Objective To investigate racial/ethnic differences in teachers' and other adults' identification and/or encouragement of parents to seek treatment for psychiatric problems in their children and to evaluate if and whether identification/encouragement is associated with service use. Method Data on identification/encouragement to seek treatment for externalizing disorders (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, and/or conduct disorder) and internalizing disorders (i.e., major depressive episode/dysthymia and/or separation anxiety disorder) and services used were obtained for 6,112 adolescents (13–17 years of age) in the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement. Racial/ethnic differences were examined for Latinos, non-Latino blacks, and non-Latino whites. Results There were few racial/ethnic differences in rates of youth identification/encouragement and how identification/encouragement related to service use. Only non-Latino black youth with low severity internalizing disorders were less likely to be identified/encouraged to seek services compared with non-Latino white youth with the same characteristics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.2–0.7]). Identification/encouragement increased the likelihood of seeking services for externalizing and internalizing disorders for all youth. However, compared with their non-Latino white counterparts, non-Latino black youth who met criteria for internalizing disorders appeared less likely to have used any services (OR = 0.4, 95%, CI=0.2–0.7), after adjusting for identification/encouragement, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics. Non-Latino black youth with internalizing disorders and without identification/encouragement were less likely to use the specialty care sector than their non-Latino white counterparts. Conclusions In this study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents, almost no ethnic/racial differences in identification/encouragement were found. However, identification/encouragement may increase service use for all youth.
EFFECTS OF CHANGING GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE PULSE FREQUENCY ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN MEN

SUMMARY To investigate the effects of alterations in GnRH pulse frequency on gonadotro-phin secretion, we administered low dose GnRH pulses (25 ng/kg) at hourly or 2-hourly frequencies to eight normal men. All subjects received GnRH pulses i.v. every 2 h for 88 h. Following this, exogenous GnRH was discontinued in four normal men (Group A, GnRH withdrawal), and the frequency of GnRH injections was increased to one pulse every hour for 24 h in the other four normal men (Group B, hourly GnRH). Blood samples were obtained every 20 min for LH and FSH and every 12 h for testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2). Plasma LH increased in all subjects during injection of GnRH pulses every 2h. Withdrawal of GnRH pulses in Group A men was accompanied by a fall in mean LH, reductions in LH pulse amplitude (x± SEM: control 6.5±1.0; GnRH withdrawal 4.0 ± 0.5 mlU/ml) and pulse frequency (control 5.5 ± 0.2; GnRH withdrawal 3.5 ± 0.7 pulses/12 h), and an increase in plasma E2 (control 122 ± 15; GnRH withdrawal 340 ± 37 pmol/l). Gonadotrophin responses to GnRH (25 ng/kg) were normal when tested 32 h after GnRH withdrawal. Injection of hourly GnRH pulses in Group B men was accompanied by a time-dependent change in mean LH, which transiently rose, then fell, and subsequently rose to a plateau during the second 12 h period of hourly GnRH. The final rise in LH was accompanied by an increase in LH frequency to 11.8 ± 0.3 pulses/12 h. These data suggest that: (1) increases in gonadal steroids decrease LH secretion by reducing the amplitude and frequency of endogenous GnRH pulses; and (2) the normal adult male pituitary requires approximately 12 h to initiate a sustained increase in LH secretion in response to a doubling in GnRH pulse frequency.
Colocalization of GABA and glycine in the rat dorsal column nuclei

About half the neurons in the rat dorsal column nuclei were immunopositive for glycine or for GABA; these were smaller than immunonegative neurons. In double-stained material, 29% of stained neurons were immunopositive for GABA only, and 42% for both antigens. The results resemble those reported for spinal cord laminae that receive fast-conducting primary afferents, and suggest that glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the dorsal column nuclei.
Across the World with the Johnsons: visual culture and American empire in the twentieth century

Across the World with the Johnsons is a cultural history that traces the rise to celebrity status of filmmakers Martin and Osa Johnson and the impact of their films, which chronicle their ‘adventur...
Electrostatic Field Changes Produced by Florida Lightning

The electrical behavior of thunderstorms triggered by local heating and sea-breeze convergence, a low pressure disturbance, and a weak frontal passage has been studied at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida. A nonlinear least-squares minimization procedure has been developed to describe changes in the total electrostatic field produced by lightning in terms of point charge models for the cloud charge distributions. The results indicate that discharges to ground usually neutralize cloud charges in the range from -10 to -40 C. The computed charge altitudes for Florida are somewhat higher than for other geographical locations, 6 to 9.5 km, but the corresponding ambient air temperatures, -10 to -34 C, are similar. A large fraction of the discharges to ground show total field changes which are small or even reversed in polarity within 3 km of the discharges. It is suggested that ground discharges often neutralize a small positive charge, 0.5 to 4 C at altitudes of 1 to 3 km, in addition to the larger negative charge higher in the cloud.
Transport Properties of Carbon Nanotube Porins in Lipid Vesicles

Cells differ in their individual permeabilities depending on what lipids and proteins are present in the membrane and by regulating the number of channel proteins present in their system. The maintenance and regulation of ion gradients, specifically the electrochemical proton gradient, ΔμH+, across biological membranes has been established as a necessary intermediate in biological energy transduction that is crucial for proper cellular function. In recent years, artificial membrane channels have attracted much attention due to the key role of proton channels in performing a number of specific functions in different cells. Carbon nanotube (CNT) structures are similar to biological channels (e.g. aquaporins) with their smooth, narrow (ca. 1.5 nm), hydrophobic inner pores. The hydrophobic walls of the CNT facilitate the formation of 1D hydrogen bonded water chains and results in weak interactions with water molecules that enable nearly frictionless water transport. CNTs can provide a functional mimic of biological channels, and to that end we have created shortened CNT porins and investigated osmotically-driven transport of protons, ions and uncharged species through these pores. This presentation will discuss measurements of transport efficiency and transport selectivity in these biomimetic membrane channels and compare them with properties of biological ion channels.
Increased plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides in patients with ischemic stroke

A large body of experimental research indicates that the generation of free radicals leading to oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, but evidence in humans is limited. We examined plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides (measured as cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides, CEOOH) and ascorbic acid in 32 patients with cortical stroke, as compared with 13 patients with lacunar infarct. Patients with cortical stroke had significantly increased levels of CEOOH, which peaked on Day 5 after the ictus. Small decreases in ascorbic acid concentrations were not significant. There was a significant positive correlation of CEOOH with the NIH stroke scale, and a significant negative correlation with the Glasgow coma scale. Concentrations of CEOOH were significantly higher in patients with total anterior cerebral syndrome as compared with patients with partial anterior cerebral syndrome or posterior cerebral syndrome. Stroke volumes computed from CT or MRI scans were significantly correlated with plasma CEOOH levels. These findings implicate oxidative stress in ischemic brain injury in humans and suggest that measurements of CEOOH in plasma may be useful both prognostically as well as in monitoring therapeutic interventions.
Dose effects of LPS on neutrophils- in a whole blood flow cytometric assay of phagocytosis and oxidative burst

Whole blood phagocytosis (P) and oxidative burst (OB), a rapid and sensitive flow cytometric method for quantifying neutrophil activation, was modified for single laser systems by using propidium iodide labeled Staphylococcus aureus and 2',7' dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The purpose of the present study was to characterize this assay with respect to the stimulatory activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on phagocytosis. Blood from healthy donors was preincubated with log doses of bacterial LPS B (0.1-1,000 ng/ml) or sterile pyrogen-free saline at 37 degrees C from 0-120 minutes. LPS increased both P and OB in a dose-dependent manner (up to 62 and 121%, respectively) at all time points tested, and this effect on P and OB could be detected even with no preincubation. This LPS-induced phagocytic activity could be blocked by the addition of polymyxin B (10 micrograms/ml) during preincubation. The priming effect of LPS was maximal at 45 min. P and OB were inhibited by preincubation with EDTA at doses greater than 2 mM (60 and 80% inhibition, respectively). These observations are consistent with the exquisite sensitivity of the neutrophil to endotoxin. This method can evaluate neutrophil response to immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic agents in a physiological milieu. These findings re-emphasize the necessity of using pyrogen-free reagents in any study of neutrophil function.
Economic Evaluation of Perioperative Admissions for Direct Lateral versus Two-Incision Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty

Despite a high degree of success and patient demand, joint replacements are being targeted within the health care system for further attempts at cost cutting. A retrospective review was performed of perioperative, inpatient medical records and billing records for all selected minimally invasive surgery total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA) and traditional direct lateral THA patients that were generated from the admission related to their total hip arthroplasty. We found statistically significant lower mean total charges for the inpatient stay when using the MIS-THA technique compared with the traditional THA, with mean reduction in charges of $5543 per patient over the first 180 procedures performed. Reduction in charges became more pronounced with time, resulting in a mean of $4276 reduction in charges with the MIS-THA technique during the first 25 procedures and mean charge reduction of $6901 per patient after the first 150.
When is a wine a bargain? A comparison of popular and regression-based approaches

Discussions of wine bargains appear frequently in the popular wine press, where bargains are usually defined by quality rating and price thresholds. In this research, we introduce another wine bargain definition, a wine with an actual price less than its predicted price. To predict a wine's price, we regress price on a number of quality signals. Our sample consists of 2450 cabernet sauvignon wines from the states of California and Washington that were reviewed by Wine Spectator magazine. We show that if a wine is a bargain by the traditional threshold definition, it will also be identified as a bargain by our definition. However, our approach finds other wine bargains in categories beyond the traditional one. In particular, we find ‘Connoisseur Bargains’, ‘Third Bottle Bargains’ and ‘Other Reason Bargains’. In each of these categories, the actual price of the wine is less than its predicted price, but it violates the price or quality rating threshold(s).
Alcohol use self report in chronic back pain--relationships to psychosocial factors, function performance, and medication use.

Background Context: Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for spinal disability, but there is no data on the relationship between reported alcohol consumption and behaviours in persons who are disabled.Purpose: To determine the interaction between reported alcohol consumption, physical performance, and medication use in this group. To determine psychosocial correlates of reported alcohol consumption in this group.Methods: A retrospective review 147 men and 136 women with more than 3 months disability who underwent a multidisciplinary physical, functional and psychosocial Spine Team Assessment. Questions about alcohol consumption were related to outcome measures.Results: None of the women reported more than 5 drinks/week. Ten men reported more than 12 drinks per week. These performed significantly better on the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) low lift and the Functional Assessment Screening Test (FAST) 5 minute twisting test, and trended towards better performance on all other tests ...
Peeling and Sliding in Nucleosome Repositioning

We investigate the mechanisms of histone sliding and detachment with a stochastic model that couples thermally induced, passive histone sliding with active motor-driven histone unwrapping. Analysis of a passive loop or twist defect-mediated histone sliding mechanism shows that diffusional sliding is enhanced as larger portions of the DNA is peeled off the histone. The mean times to histone detachment and the mean distance traveled by the motor complex prior to histone detachment are computed as functions of the intrinsic speed of the motor. Fast motors preferentially induce detachment over sliding. However, for a fixed motor speed, increasing the histone-DNA affinity (and thereby decreasing the passive sliding rate) increases the mean distance traveled by the motor.
Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxication Enzyme Activities in Permethrin-Selected Diamondback Moths

Abstract Selection of larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), with permethrin increased resistance. After 21 generations of continuous selection pressure, resistance to permethrin was over 600-fold in this strain compared with the unselected parental strain. The permethrin-selected strain was also cross-resistant to all pyrethroids tested, but remained susceptible to organophosphorus, carbamate, cyclodiene, chloronicotinyl, avermectin, and microbial insecticides tested. Detoxication enzyme assays revealed that activities of microsomal oxidases (epoxidases, hydroxylases, sulfoxidase, N -demethylase, and O -dealkylases), glutathione S -transferases (DCNB, CDNB, and PNPA conjugation), hydrolases (general esterase, carboxylesterases, β-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and carboxylamidase), and reductases (juglone reductase and cytochrome c reductase) and levels of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b 5 were similar in the permethrin-selected and parental strains. There was no difference in the rate of cuticular penetration of permethrin between the two strains. Synergist studies showed that neither piperonyl butoxide (microsomal oxidase inhibitor) nor S,S,S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF, esterase inhibitor) reduced the level of resistance to permethrin. The results indicated that pyrethroid resistance observed in this strain was most likely attributed to decreased target site sensitivity.
Two structural states of the vertebrate Z band

Ultrastructural analysis of the vertebrate Z band suggests that two reversible states of a single intricate lattice are essential for the contractile process. The two structural states of the Z band lattice (ss and bw) have been described in cross section in skeletal and cardiac muscle in different physiological states. The lattice responds to active tension but resists passive deformation. Changes in Z band form and dimension are correlated with cross-bridge binding. Two-dimensional image processing techniques show enhanced structural features that vary with the observed changes in lattice dimension. All projected images from all lattices show an approximate four-fold symmetry. Each image reveals differences in the appearance of axial filaments which enter from opposite sides of the Z band and cross-connecting filaments of similar curvature which appear to connect each axial filament to four nearest axial filaments. In the ss images, the apparent diameter of cross-cut axial filaments and the Z band interaxial filament spacing are smaller than in bw images. Cross-connecting filaments appear to overlap in the region half-way between axial filaments in ss images. We conclude that the Z band is an essential and dynamic part of the sarcomere, uniquely suited to transmit tension while maintaining dimensions appropriate for cross-bridge interaction.
Collision mechanics and the structure of planetary ring edges

The present numerical simulation of collisional evolution, in the case of a hypothetical ring whose parameters are modeled after those of Saturn's rings, gives attention to changes in radial structure near the ring edges and notes that when random motion is in equilibrium, the rings tend to spread in order to conserve angular momentum while energy is dissipated in collisions. As long as random motion is damped, ring edges may contract rather than spread, producing a concentration of material at the ring edges. For isotropic scattering, damping dominates for a coefficient of restitution of velocity value of up to 0.83.
Technical Report: UV and VUV Radiometry Programs at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III)

Synchrotron radiation was recognized as an important tool for radiometry shortly after the advent of dedicated storage rings as radiation sources more than four decades ago. [1] Initially, synchrotron radiation was conceived as a calculable primary standard for absolute calibration of radiation sources. With the explosion of synchrotron radiation facilities around the globe during the last several decades, synchrotron-radiation-based radiometry has been actively pursued among many national standard laboratories in countries including the U.S., Germany, the U.K., Japan, and Russia because of increasing demands from semiconductor photolithography, UV curing industry, medical diagnostics and treatments, and solar radiation monitoring. To date, the use of synchrotron radiation for radiometry is no longer limited to a primary radiation standard. Dispersed synchrotron radiation, although usually not calculable, provides radiation from IR to X-rays for radiometric characterization of detector response and materi...
Electron-stimulated desorption of O+ ions from a gas-covered CdS(0001) surface.

Electron-stimulated desorption of ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ions from a CdS(0001) single-crystal surface exposed to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and NO has been investigated. Only ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ desorption was observed in both cases with a total cross section of \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The dependence of the ion yield on the incident electron-beam energy from 0--180 eV exhibits thresholds at both the Cd 4d, 4p, 4s, and the S 3s and 2p core-level binding energies. Evidence is presented which indicates that the ions may originate from multiple states.
Direction of motion maps in the visual cortex: a wire length minimization approach

In the visual cortex, many neurons respond preferentially to one direction of motion. Maps of direction preference vary in appearance between species and cortical areas. We propose that the observed variability in map appearance reflect the variability in intra-cortical circuits as a consequence of wire length minimization. This hypothesis allows us to bypass a detailed developmental analysis of map formation. We solve the layout optimization problem numerically for various intra-cortical circuits and obtain direction preference maps that reproduce the observed variability in map appearance. These results allow one to infer intra-cortical connectivity from the appearance of direction preference maps.
"In the Eye of the Beholder": A New Approach to Studying Folk Theories of Leadership:

Awareness that questionnaire ratings of leaders may be subject to systematic errors has led to increased emphasis on understanding the perceptual/memory processes underlying leadership ratings. Subordinates may judge leadership effectiveness based on their implicit leadership theories. Folk theories of leadership refers to these deeply felt and idiosyncratic theories of leadership behaviors. Borman's (1983) "Trait-Implication Procedure" based on Kelly's Repertory Grid technique was used to examine the leadership categorization schema of ten senior executives from a wide variety of organizations. Results indicate some association between the folk theories of leadership and the background/experience of the respondent. Implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Synthesis of ent-haterumalide NA (ent-oocydin A) methyl ester.

Stille coupling of allylic chloride 26 with vinylstannane 4a afforded 65% of 27 with the requisite skipped diene, vinyl chloride, and allylic oxygen functionality. Yamaguchi macrolactonization of 28 provided 65% of 29, which was elaborated to haterumalide NA methyl ester (32) by a Nozaki−Hiyama−Kishi coupling with 31.
Selective sums of loopy partizan graph games

A loopy partizan graph game is a two-person game of perfect information which is played on a labelled digraph. The disjunctive sum, the continued conjunctive sum, and the selective sum are formulations for playing several l.p.g.g.'s simultaneously, so as to form a single compound game. In this paper, we present an analysis of the selective sum by utilizing certain elements of the theories for the disjunctive sum and the continued conjunctive sum.
Use of a Trochanteric Flip Osteotomy Improves Outcomes in Pipkin IV Fractures

The optimal surgical approach for combined femoral head and acetabular fractures (Pipkin IV) is controversial because of their rarity and lack of definitive reports. Surgical dislocation with trochanteric flip osteotomy (TFO) allows simultaneous exposure of the acetabulum and femoral head. We protected the obturator internus and inferior capsule during repair with a heavy suture at the inferior extent of the traumatic capsulotomy. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with Pipkin IV fractures treated using this approach during a 6-year period. The minimum followup was 24 months (mean, 47 months; range, 24–71 months). Clinical outcomes were measured using the Merle d’Aubigne-Postel and Thompson-Epstein scoring scales. Radiographically, all patients achieved healing of their acetabular fractures; 11 achieved healing of the femoral head fracture and osteonecrosis developed in one patient. The average Merle d’Aubigne-Postel score was 15.6 of 18; using the Thompson-Epstein score, 10 of the 12 patients had good or excellent outcomes, one had a fair outcome, and one had a poor outcome. Trochanteric flip osteotomy allowed for simultaneous exposure and repair of both lesions in Pipkin IV fractures. Using a uniform surgical protocol with TFO rendered clinical results comparable to previously reported outcomes in series of isolated femoral head fractures.
Multispectral infrared BRDF forward-scatter measurements of common black surface preparations and materials -- or "how black is black in the IR?"

Fundamental to the design of an infrared sensor is controlling the stray light and internal radiation emission. A series of Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) measurements at two infrared bandpasses in the MWIR and LWIR were acquired. Incident beams were oriented 10 and 60-degrees from normal. Forward-scatter (key to baffles and cold-shields) data is presented for infrared black surface preparations including: anodizing, copper oxide, nickel oxide, black paints, and trademarked black surfaces. Comparison is also made between selected surfaces before and after exposure to 78 Kelvin (LN2) thermal cycles. This paper also includes scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) measurements for selected black surfaces, including comparisons of damaged and undamaged nickel oxide.
Identification of exciton-neutral donor complexes in the photoluminescence of high purity GaAs

Abstract Several near band edge photoluminescence transitions at 4.2°K in high purity GaAs are shown to be associated with excitons bound to centers in the vacinity of a neutral donor. Using a magnetic field, the presence of two-electron transitions (recombination involving terminal excited states) is also demonstrated.
The impact of preventive dentistry on dental practice

The daily office records of 88 dentists were analyzed, and data were collected to determine their daily dental activities. Dentists practicing preventive dentistry placed less amalgam restorations, extracted less teeth, made fewer dentures, but did more gold inlays and gold foil restorations, periodontal treatments, and crown and bridge units than dentists not concerned with preventive practice. Dentists practicing preventive dentistry also had a higher income than general practitioners who did not routinely practice preventive dentistry.
Retained Lens Fragments after Cataract Surgery: Outcomes of Same-Day versus Later Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Purpose To compare visual acuity outcomes and adverse events in patients with retained lens fragments who underwent same-day versus later pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Single-center study evaluating all patients with retained lens fragments that underwent PPV over a 22-year period (1990 through 2011). Results The study included 569 eyes of 568 patients with a mean age of 74.6 years and a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 1 week to 100 months). One hundred seventeen patients (22%) underwent same-day vitrectomy, 131 patients (23%) underwent PPV within 1 week, and 321 patients (57%) underwent PPV more than 1 week later. Median time to vitrectomy in the same week group was 5 days, compared with 22 days in the delayed group. At the last examination, 61%, 63%, and 56% of patients undergoing PPV on the same day, within 1 week, and more than 1 week later, respectively, achieved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better ( P = .35), and 16%, 15%, and 21%, respectively, had BCVA of 20/200 or worse ( P = .29). There were no differences between groups when assessing cystoid macular edema ( P = .96), retinal detachment ( P = .096), elevated intraocular pressure ( P = .88), or suprachoroidal hemorrhage ( P = .26). Conclusions Patients undergoing same-day versus a later PPV (within 1 week or more than 1 week later) for retained lens fragments had similar visual acuity outcomes and complication rates. Although same-day surgery may be attractive logistically in many cases, our retrospective data suggest equivalent outcomes for surgical timing.