cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Row Based Dual-VDD Island Generation and Placement

Power consumption has become a major consideration in nanometer chip design. Since the dynamic power is proportional to V dd2, and the static power is proportional to V dd, lowering power supply voltage is an efficient method to reduce the power usage.In this paper, we adopt the row-based dual-supply voltage (DSV) scheme. DSV assigns a low power supply voltage to timing non-critical gates for the power saving. Contrary to the traditional region-based voltage island works, the row-based approach creates voltage islands along the circuit rows. This kind of fine grid voltage islands give more flexibility on gate voltage assignment such that the low voltage gates can be selected primarily based on timing and design logic, which in turn minimizes the shifter insertion. We present a two-stage flow to generate voltage islands for every two mirrored circuit rows and place gates legally inside each island. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first work to cover latch and LCB (local clock buffer) handling and shifter placement in voltage island generation. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

We have defined a minimal Arabidopsis CATALASE 3 (CAT3) promoter sufficient to drive evening-specific circadian transcription of a LUCIFERASE reporter gene. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis reveal a circadian response element, the evening element (EE: AAAATATCT), that is necessary for evening-specific transcription. The EE differs only by a single base pair from the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1-binding site (CBS: AAAAAATCT), which is important for morning-specific transcription. We tested the hypothesis that the EE and the CBS specify circadian phase by site-directed mutagenesis to convert the CAT3 EE into a CBS. Changing the CAT3 EE to a CBS changes the phase of peak transcription from the evening to the morning in continuous dark and in light-dark cycles, consistent with the specification of phase by the single base pair that distinguishes these elements. However, rhythmicity of the CBS-containing CAT3 promoter is dramatically compromised in continuous light. Thus, we conclude that additional information normally provided in the context of a morning-specific promoter is necessary for full circadian activity of the CBS.
Solving the puzzle of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Helping a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is like solving a jigsaw puzzle with many pieces: you have to identify the out-of-place pieces, then fit them in and complete the puzzle. These “pieces” include cognitive therapy, special education, strategies to improve sleep, medication, environmental toxins, and nutritional interventions. To identify the nutritional pieces, two questions should be asked. 1) Are there nutrients this child is not consuming in large enough amounts in the diet, like zinc, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids? 2) Are there foods or food additives in the diet that the child needs to avoid because they increase symptoms of ADHD? For the last 35 years, researchers have studied the effects of artificial food dyes (AFDs) on the behavior of children with symptoms of ADHD. Some of these studies are well reviewed by Kanarek in the present issue of this journal and by Stevens et al. elsewhere (2011).1 Although animal studies were beyond the scope of Kanarek's review, there have been some interesting studies of the effects of artificial food dyes on animal behavior. For example, Shaywitz and Goldenring2 studied the effects of a mixture of artificial colors on rats and found significant increases in motor activity ( P < 0.001) and a reduction of activity habituation ( P < 0.001) in rats dosed with a mixture of the dyes.2 Several years later, Goldenring et al.3 administered sulfanilic acid, a major metabolite … [↵][1] LJ Stevens , Department of Foods & Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street G-1, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. E-mail: stevens5{at}purdue.edu, Phone: 1-765-447-4570, Fax: 1-765-494-0906. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Cameras, Coyotes, and the Assumption of Equal Detectability

Abstract Remote cameras are an increasingly important tool in management and wildlife studies. However, we often do not know if they provide an unbiased sample of populations. Using a marked, radiocollared population of coyotes (Canis latrans) of known social status, we evaluated the influence of temporal (daily and seasonal) and spatial (distance between units, habitat, and proximity to human structures) factors on vulnerability to photo-captures. During 8 unbaited camera sessions of 6 weeks each, we obtained 158 coyote photographs at a photo-capture success rate of 1.6%. We were able to identify not only marked individuals, but also a number of uncollared adults through variation in their pelage. Photo-capture of adults peaked 2 weeks after we established camera stations. Annual success for photographing adult coyotes was greatest during March and April, which corresponded with the dispersal season. The majority of photo-captures occurred at night, and adult photo-captures peaked around midnight, with s...
Adaptive Infrastructure Management for Environmental and Water Resources: A Conceptual Approach

This paper outlines an approach to the development of adaptive management as a tool in the environmental and economic sustainability of community water supply systems by providing a framework to incorporate information into critical policy decisions. Adaptive management seeks to provide optimal management scenarios of water systems. The specific elements in the development of this approach rely on the deployment of a real-time monitoring and predictive modeling framework using sensor networks, soft computing and information systems; the development of risk-cost analysis methodology for water systems management under uncertainty; and the development of a conceptual approach for multi-scale adaptive management of wastewater treatment facilities. The approach relies heavily on the definition of the role of emerging sensors and sensor networks, soft computing, uncertainty analysis, and advanced information systems.
In Vivo Activation of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway by an Engineered Cyclotide.

The overexpression of Hdm2 and HdmX is a common mechanism used by many tumor cells to inactive the p53 tumor suppressor pathway promoting cell survival. Targeting Hdm2 and HdmX has emerged as a validated therapeutic strategy for treating cancers with wild-type p53. Small linear peptides mimicking the N-terminal fragment of p53 have been shown to be potent Hdm2/HdmX antagonists. The potential therapeutic use of these peptides, however, is limited by their poor stability and bioavailability. Here, we report the engineering of the cyclotide MCoTI-I to efficiently antagonize intracellular p53 degradation. The resulting cyclotide MCo-PMI was able to bind with low nanomolar affinity to both Hdm2 and HdmX, showed high stability in human serum, and was cytotoxic to wild-type p53 cancer cell lines by activating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway both in vitro and in vivo. These features make the cyclotide MCoTI-I an optimal scaffold for targeting intracellular protein–protein interactions.
European Mediators and Ukraine's Orange Revolution

Polish, Lithuanian, and EU mediation helped Ukraine find a nonviolent political resolution to the Orange Revolution.
A case of rectal stricture associated with the use of a fecal management system

Fecal management systems are widely used to prevent complications of fecal incontinence such as skin breakdown and pressure ulcers. However they are occasionally associated with complications such as bleeding and pressure necrosis of rectal mucosa. We present a patient with Clostridium difﬁcile colitis with a prolonged hospital stay requiring the use of Flexi-Seal Fecal Management System who developed abdominal pain and distention with obstipation. Computed tomography of abdomen showed dilatation of small and large bowel loops with a transition point at rectosigmoid junction. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed the presence of a severe stricture at the rectosigmoid junction that was not amenable to endoscopic dilation. Surgical resection with an end-colostomy was performed to relieve the obstruction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst reported case of a high-grade stricture due to use of bowel management system that needed bowel resection surgery.
Virulence Gene Expression in Human Community-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were once linked uniformly with hospital-associated infections; however, community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) now represents an emerging threat worldwide. To examine the association of differential virulence gene expression with outcomes of human infection, we measured transcript levels of target staphylococcal genes directly in clinical samples from children with active known or suspected CA-MRSA infections. Virulence genes encoding secreted toxins, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin, were highly expressed during superficial and invasive CA-MRSA infections. In contrast, increased expression of surface-associated protein A was linked only with invasive disease. Comparisons with laboratory-grown corresponding clinical isolates revealed that tissue-specific expression profiles reflect the activity of the staphylococcal accessory gene regulator during human infection. These results represent the first demonstration of staphylococcal gene expression and regulation directly in human tissue. Such analysis will help to unravel the complex interactions between CA-MRSA and its host environmental niches during disease development.
A data-driven approach for steam load prediction in buildings

Predicting building energy load is important in energy management. This load is often the result of steam heating and cooling of buildings. In this paper, a data-driven approach for the development of a daily steam load model is presented. Data-mining algorithms are used to select significant parameters used to develop models. A neural network (NN) ensemble with five MLPs (multi-layer perceptrons) performed best among all data-mining algorithms tested and therefore was selected to develop a predictive model. To meet the constraints of the existing energy management applications, Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate uncertainty propagation of the model built by using weather forecast data. Based on the formulated model and weather forecasting data, future steam consumption is estimated. The latter allows optimal decisions to be made while managing fuel purchasing, scheduling the steam boiler, and building energy consumption.
Anxiolytic-like activity of the mGLU2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 in the elevated plus maze test is disrupted in metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 and 3 knock-out mice.

(1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740) is a potent and selective agonist for group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2 and mGlu3) receptors, with anxiolytic-like activity in animal and human models, and efficacy in anxiety patients. However, the lack of mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptor specific agonists has prevented in vivo characterization of individual functions of these two receptors in mediating the anxiolytic-like effects of LY354740. To utilize mGlu2 receptor and mGlu3 receptor knockout animals and the mGlu2/3 selective antagonist (2S,1′S,2′S)-2-(9-xanthylmethyl)-2-(2′-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (LY341495) to further investigate the roles of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in mediating the anxiolytic-like actions of LY354740 in a mouse model of anxiety [elevated plus maze (EPM) test]. To confirm that mGlu2/3 receptors are responsible for anxiolytic-like activity in the EPM under these test conditions, mice were pretreated with LY341495 at 30 min prior to s.c. administered LY354740. Subsequently, saline vehicle or LY354740 was administered (s.c.) 30 min before the EPM testing in wild-type, mGlu2 receptor knockout, and mGlu3 receptor knockout mice. LY354740 reduced in a dose-dependent manner anxiety-related behavior on the EPM in wild-type mice with a maximally effective dose of 10–20 mg/kg s.c. Pretreatment with LY341495 potently prevented the anxiolytic-like effects of LY354740 (20 mg/kg, s.c.) in mice. Although the mGlu2 receptor knockout and mGlu3 receptor knockout mice were grossly normal, the anxiolytic-like activity of LY354740 (20 mg/kg, s.c.) was not evident in either mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptor knockout mice, when compared to their wild-type controls. The activation of both mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors by LY354740 appears to be required for anxiolytic-like activity in the EPM test in mice. These studies serve as a foundation for additional studies on underlying circuits, brain structures, and receptor subtypes involved in the anxiolytic-like actions of mGlu receptor active agents, and the design of future drugs for anxiety disorders in humans.
How TOC & TPM work together to build the quality toolbox of SDWTs

This paper details activities targeted at improving task behaviors within self-directed work teams (SDWTs), which subsequently improve productivity and quality within the factory. Like many companies, Harris Semiconductor manages its resources to improve productivity and lower manufacturing costs. One major initiative employed at Harris, Theory of Constraints (TOC), focuses on increased throughput, decreased inventory, and reduced operating expense. TOC is the central focus for individual, team, and equipment improvements. Employees are involved in continuous improvement activities, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and system improvement project teams to achieve TOC objectives. We focus on the methods used at Harris Semiconductor to deploy and train employees in TOC and TPM, a subset of the total employee "tool box" needed to be successful in today's very competitive environment.
Blanch Time and Cultivar Effects on Quality of Frozen and Stored Corn and Broccoli

Three corn and 2 broccoli cultivars were steam blanched for various times and evaluated for residual enzyme activity. Lipoxygenase was inactivated in 4 min in supersweet corn, while sweet corn required a 6-min blanch; peroxidase was inactivated in 8 min. Inactivation of broccoli lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and cystine lyase was achieved in 90 s. Blanched samples were stored 9 mo at 18 C, then analyzed for color, texture, hexanal, free fatty acids, and sugars. Firmness increased significantly with blanching in both commodities, then declined. Short blanch treatments targeting lipoxygenase inactivation positively affected color and texture of both corn and broc-
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards

The majority of disease resistance genes in plants encode nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins. This large family is encoded by hundreds of diverse genes per genome and can be subdivided into the functionally distinct TIR-domain-containing (TNL) and CC-domain-containing (CNL) subfamilies. Their precise role in recognition is unknown; however, they are thought to monitor the status of plant proteins that are targeted by pathogen effectors.
Lack of RB Protein Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to UV-Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract Carlson, C. A. and Ethier, S. P. Lack of RB Protein Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to UV-Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. The underlying causes for different apoptotic responses in neoplastic cells are still not fully understood. We demonstrate here that a human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-468, which lacks the retinoblastoma protein (RB), is particularly sensitive to low doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These cells are 15–20-fold more sensitive to UV radiation than RB-positive cell lines, as measured by both apoptosis and clonogenic assays. In addition, a prostate cancer cell line that lacks functional RB, DU-145, was found to have a similar apoptotic response to low doses of UV radiation. Based on these data, we hypothesized that the lack of RB is responsible for the extreme sensitivity of these cells to UV-radiation-induced apoptosis. To further examine the role of RB in apoptosis, cells of RB-positive human breast cancer and normal cell lines were infect...
Introduction to Rao (1945) Information and the Accuracy Attainable in the Estimation of Statistical Parameters

The object of this introduction is to present a brief account of a paper that remains an unbroken link in the continuing evolution of modern statistics. In it are contained some of the fundamental paradigms of the foundations of statistics, e.g., unbiased minimum variance estimation, the Cramer-Rao inequality, the Rao-Blackwellization, and the Rao space of probability distributions furnished with a Riemannian quadratic differential metric and the associated geodesic distance (called the Rao distance). The paper furnishes some of the basic theoretical tools for the discussion of a variety of problems in statistical inference.
Synthetic RNA Polymerase III Promoters Facilitate High-Efficiency CRISPR–Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Yarrowia lipolytica

The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a valuable microbial host for chemical production because it has a high capacity to synthesize, modify, and store intracellular lipids; however, rapid strain development has been hampered by the limited availability of genome engineering tools. We address this limitation by adapting the CRISPR–Cas9 system from Streptococcus pyogenes for markerless gene disruption and integration in Y. lipolytica. Single gene disruption efficiencies of 92% and higher were achieved when single guide RNAs (sgRNA) were transcribed with synthetic hybrid promoters that combine native RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters with tRNA. The Pol III–tRNA hybrid promoters exploit endogenous tRNA processing to produce mature sgRNA for Cas9 targeting. The highest efficiencies were achieved with a SCR1′–tRNAGly promoter and Y. lipolytica codon-optimized Cas9 expressed from a UAS1B8–TEF promoter. Cotransformation of the Cas9 and sgRNA expressing plasmid with a homologous recombination donor pla...
Cardiovascular aging: what we can learn from caloric restriction.

Cardiovascular aging is a universal phenomenon associated with an increased likelihood of the development of cardiovascular diseases and of adverse outcomes once disease does develop ([1][1]). In fact, most complications of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive
Embodied consciousness in non-fiction illness narratives : a phenomenological-sociological approach.

EMBODIED CONSCIOUSNESS IN NON-FICTION ILLNESS NARRATIVES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Kathryn A. Jacobi November 17,2011 This dissertation uses a phenomenological and sociological lens to explore how non-fiction illness narratives help us understand how perception of the self is disrupted because of serious illness or injury. Specifically, I use the French philosopher, M. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological thought concerning the body and the sociological perspective of medical sociologist, Arthur Frank and his types of narratives and how culture helps construct illness. I analyze the works of four different writers: Sarah Manguso, Oliver Sacks, Jean Dominique-Bauby, and Anatole Broyard. Chapter one serves as an introduction to the subject of illness writing and an overview of some of the material published during t~e past several decades. I discuss some of the functions of illness writing and summarize Frank's narrative types as well as explain some of the theories of Merleau-Ponty which are relevant to this study. In chapter two I analyze Sarah Manguso' s The Two Kinds of Decay
Chemical Approaches to the Structure-Function Relationships of Luteinizing Hormone (Lutropin)

The glycoprotein hormones include the pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), and the placental hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Erythropoietin (which is probably derived from kidney or a kidney enzyme that produces it from a serum protein) is also a glycoprotein hormone. All the glycoprotein hormones so far described have the distinctive feature that they are comprised of dissimilar subunits. This dissimilarity has not been demonstrated in the case of erythropoietin, but certain data suggest that it may obtain even in this instance.
Diabetes and Bone.

Based on the 2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report, 29.1 million people (9.3% of population) have diabetes mellitus (DM) within the United States. The same year, a report on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the United States estimated that 54 million adults greater than the age of 50 years are affected by low bone mass. Diabetes has emerged as an important risk factor for osteoporosis in the last 10 years. The staggering numbers of people affected by both these conditions begs a need to evaluate the possibility of a cause-and-effect relationship between these disorders, and to determine if the bone disease can be considered a complication of diabetes. Recent advancements in the management of diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes (DM1), have resulted in increased patient longevity, which in turn has brought into clinical focus disease-related comorbidities that were previously not a concern.
Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Current Status and Future Directions

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the United States, despite a dramatic 80% decline in the incidence of early-onset GBS disease with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Perinatal GBS disease persists and the incidence of late-onset GBS disease is unchanged. Maternal immunization with conjugate vaccines for the most prevalent serotypes may have a role in further reducing early-onset disease but should have greater impact on late-onset disease. In addition, it could both reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance and potentially prevent adverse neuro-developmental outcomes. Universal vaccination of pregnant women or adolescent women could confer protection beginning in the third trimester, with transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies, extending protection into early infancy. However, this strategy would be of limited benefit to preterm infants, particularly those born before 32 weeks’ gestation. Universal screening of pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks’ gestation for GBS colonization and providing IAP remain the mainstays for perinatal disease prevention. In this era of widespread IAP, neonatal management is challenging in the asymptomatic at-risk newborn population. Further research is needed to establish sound diagnostic aids, avoid antibiotic misuse, and prevent serious neurologic sequelae.
A note on $H$-closed extensions of a product

Any Hausdorff space X is a dense subspace of an H-closed space κX, called the Katětov extension of X, with the property that any H-closed extension Y of X is a continuous image of κX under a mapping which leaves X pointwise fixed [8], [10]. In [8], Liu has shown that the extensions κ(X×Y) and κX×κY of X × Y are equal iff (1) X or Y is finite, or (2) X and Y are H-closed. In this note, we examine whether homeomorphism of these two extensions implies equality. We give a condition under which homeomorphism implies equality and an example to show that this relation does not hold in general.
New Scarabaeidae From United States (Coleoptera)

The type specimens of the scarab beetles described herein will be retained temporarily in the author's collection. At some future date, the holotypes and allotypes will be placed in the United States National Museum.
Developing Reflective Practitioners: Using Video-Cases in Music Teacher Education

Developing reflective habits in preservice teachers is an important task of teacher education. The use of teaching cases in preservice and inservice teacher education has been strongly supported as...
Application of Cry Research to Clinical Perspectives

The first cry of the infant that accompanies his or her entry into the world heralds his or her integrity. If his or her,cry is lusty and full bodied, it serves the important purpose of expanding and filling the lungs, and it says to those around, “I’m ready to go.” Until recently, a successful delivery was thought of as one in which an actively crying baby was the result. Crying was expected to speed up the baby’s pulmonary effectiveness, as he or she made the transition from a passive recipient of oxygenation via the placenta to more active pulmonary oxygenation. As Leboyer (1975) and others have pointed out, the cry of the newborn is not a necessary part of its transition from dependent fetal circulation to independent cardiorespiratory effectiveness, but it does speed it up. Normal, healthy babies can make the transition without crying, but they probably achieve the physiological balance with their new environment more slowly. No research on the relative merits for the infant of either of these conditions—crying or not crying—has been reported, to the best of my knowledge.
“We Owe Nothing to Their Sensibilities”: Federal Telegraph, the Open Door, and the Washington System in 1920s China

Jacob Schurman, the American Minister to China, was elated when the Federal Telegraph Company of California reached an agreement with the Chinese government in January 1921. This agreement provided for the first radiotelegraphy link between China and the United States. “In more than one direction the present personnel of the Chinese government is anxious for a close understanding with the United States,” Schurman reported to Washington. The contract proposed building five stations, the main one in Shanghai and four low power stations in Harbin, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. The prospective stations promised to be “an important agency of cooperation between the two governments and peoples,” Schurman claimed. “From all aspects, political, military, and commercial” the ebullient Minister concluded, “the conclusion of this contract is a cause for greatest satisfaction.”1
Abstract 5243: STAT3 inhibition as chemoprevention in a chemically induced mouse model of HNSCC

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is frequently fatal due to carcinogen-induced field cancerization, leading to second primary tumor formation in ∼4% of patients per year. Effective chemoprevention could improve survival. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor and rational therapeutic target in HNSCC. We recently reported that loss of function of PTPRT (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T), a direct STAT3 phosphatase, by frequent somatic mutation or promoter methylation leads to hyper-phosphorylation of STAT3 and may predict sensitivity to STAT3 inhibition using Stattic. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the contribution of PTPRT to chemical carcinogenesis and sensitivity to Stattic-mediated HNSCC chemoprevention in the 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide) model in vivo using PTPRT wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice. Methods: PTPRT WT or KO mice received 4-NQO-containing water (100 μg/mL) for 12 weeks. At experiment initiation, a subset of mice received vehicle (PBS) or 50 mg/kg Stattic by oral gavage Q5D. After 12 weeks of 4-NQO administration, mice were randomized to receive vehicle/Stattic for 12 additional weeks. Mice were then sacrificed followed by tongue excision for HE 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5243.
Legal Implications of Prostate Cancer Screening

The prostate cancer screening debate has implications beyond the clinical exchange between physicians and their patients. The formalization of contradictory expert medical opinion and data interpretation into highly visible clinical practice guidelines opens the door for medical malpractice claims alleging negligent prostate cancer screening practices. This chapter highlights the current guidelines for prostate cancer screening, details the guideline development process, and investigates the role of these guidelines in medical malpractice law. This in-depth review of medical malpractice jurisprudence finds that the courts are well suited to assimilate the prostate cancer screening debate and the affiliated guidelines into the negligence analysis. Specifically, expert medical witnesses relying on guidelines to articulate a standard of care are held to high evidentiary standards, and courts have well-established precedent allowing for consideration of multiple standards of care.
High-Strain Rate Compressive Behavior of a Clay Under Uniaxial Strain State

Dynamic compressive behavior of a clay obtained from Boulder, Colorado was investigated on a 24.4 m split Hopkinson pressure bar. The as-received clay was first pulverized into powders, which were subsequently dried in oven at 105 °C for 2 weeks, and then sieved to collect powers with dimensions smaller than #50 (0.3 mm) using ASTM E-11 standard sieves. The sorted clay was compressed inside a hardened steel tube, by a tungsten carbide rod at one end in contact with the incident bar, and a brass rod at the other end in contact with the transmission bar. This assembly was subjected to repetitive shaking to consolidate the soil to attain a desired bulk mass density; it is then placed between the incident steel bar and the transmission aluminum bar for dynamic compression. Through measurements of both axial and transverse responses of the cylindrical clay specimens under confinement, both volumetric and deviatoric responses were determined under the 3D stress state involved. Both dry and moist clay specimens were characterized at high strain rates. The effect of moisture content on the compressive behavior was investigated. The compressibility as a function of axial stress was determined.
The Outcasts: The Start of ‘New Entertainment’ in Pro-Regime Filmmaking in the Islamic Republic of Iran

AbstractWith developments in the past decade of such popular films as Masoud Dehnamaki’s trilogy, Ekhrajiha (The Outcasts), we are privy to a new trend in pro-regime filmmaking in Iran, one that centers on the creation of ‘new entertainment.’ This pivot by pro-regime cultural producers is based on a perceived need to do away with the ‘war time propaganda’ that ‘no one wants to see anymore’ (as one pro-regime screenwriter told me), and to replace it with ‘new entertainment’ that can engage with youth. The former head of Ansar-e Hezbollah in Iran, Masoud Dehnamaki, emerged at the forefront of this new movement by creating popular films that employ slapstick comedy about the war and which sell at historic box office numbers. His first narrative film, The Outcasts, is the focus of this article, as it signaled the beginning of a ‘new entertainment’ by pro-regime cultural producers. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article analyzes the film and filmmaker most responsible for the creation of ‘new entertainm...
A comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction

Bilingual lexicon induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in two languages. In this article we present the most comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction to date. We present experiments on a wide range of languages and data sizes. We examine translation into English from 25 foreign languages: Albanian, Azeri, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Cebuano, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Latvian, Nepali, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese, and Welsh. We analyze the behavior of bilingual lexicon induction on low-frequency words, rather than testing solely on high-frequency words, as previous research has done. Low-frequency words are more relevant to statistical machine translation, where systems typically lack translations of rare words that fall outside of their training data. We systematically explore a wide range of features and phenomena that affect the quality of the translations discovered by bilingual lexicon induction. We provide illustrative examples of the highest ranking translations for orthogonal signals of translation equivalence like contextual similarity and temporal similarity. We analyze the effects of frequency and burstiness, and the sizes of the seed bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual training corpora. Additionally, we introduce a novel discriminative approach to bilingual lexicon induction. Our discriminative model is capable of combining a wide variety of features that individually provide only weak indications of translation equivalence. When feature weights are discriminatively set, these signals produce dramatically higher translation quality than previous approaches that combined signals in an unsupervised fashion e.g., using minimum reciprocal rank. We also directly compare our model's performance against a sophisticated generative approach, the matching canonical correlation analysis MCCA algorithm used by Haghighi et al. 2008. Our algorithm achieves an accuracy of 42% versus MCCA's 15%.
Economic Resilience in Regional Science: Research Needs and Future Applications

The frequency and magnitude of disasters are increasing throughout the world. With few exceptions their major impacts are typically limited to the regional level. Disasters can threaten the survival of regional economies, as witnessed in recent years following Hurricane Katrina, the Wenchuan earthquake, and the Fukushima nuclear meltdown. Predictions of future disasters are even more dire, especially with regard to climate change and terrorism. Resilience, broadly defined, refers to the ability to withstand and recover rapidly from such short-term and long-term threats. This chapter examines the important dimensions of economic resilience in relation to regional science. Recent advances in defining and measuring this concept have overcome the criticism that resilience is a vacuous buzzword. Still, much work needs to be done to understand regional resilience, make it more relevant to regional research and practice, make its implementation more cost-effective, and make it applicable to a broader set of future disasters. This chapter focuses on key topics related to regional economic resilience, including: its key dimensions, spatial aspects, behavioral aspects, how it differs between regional and national economies, measurement of cost-effectiveness of alternative resilience tactics and strategies, and the relationship between resilience, adaptation and sustainability. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research with an eye to solidifying the foundations of regional economic resilience and the identification of future research challenges.
Practical, efficient, and broadly applicable synthesis of readily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds by catalytic three-component reactions

Abstract A practical, efficient and broadly applicable catalytic method for synthesis of easily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds is presented. Reactions are promoted by a combination of PCy3 or PPh3, CuCl and LiOt-Bu and may be performed with readily accessible alkenyl boronate substrates. Through the use of an alkenyl–B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) or alkenyl–B(dan) (dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) starting material and commercially available (pin)B–B(dan) or B2(pin)2 as the reagent, a range of vicinal diboronates, including those that contain a B-substituted quaternary carbon center, may be prepared in up to 91% yield and with >98% site selectivity. High enantioselectivities can be obtained (up to 96:4 er) through the use of commercially available chiral bis-phosphine ligands for reactions that afford mixed diboronate products.
Programmed death ligand 1 testing in non-small cell lung carcinoma cytology cell block and aspirate smear preparations.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have emerged as a therapeutic approach for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PD-L1 expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), is used to select patients for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Most studies have been performed with histology specimens, with limited data available on the performance in cytology specimens. This study evaluated PD-L1 in cytology specimens and compared the results with those from paired core-needle biopsy for concordance. Methods Forty-one NSCLC fine-needle aspiration cases that had paired core-needle biopsy specimens with PD-L1 IHC were selected. A Papanicolaou-stained direct smear and a cell block section from each case were stained with a Dako PD-L1 pharmDx antibody (clone 22C3). Only slides with 100 or more tumor cells (37 smears and 38 cell blocks) were evaluated. Tumor proportion scores (TPS) were assessed on the basis of the partial/complete membranous staining of tumor cells and were correlated with those of paired core-needle biopsy. Results All 9 smears that were negative for PD-L1 staining showed 100% concordance with the paired core-needle biopsy, whereas 28 smears with PD-L1 expression showed a similar TPS, except for 1 smear that was discordant. In contrast, 10 negative paired core-needle biopsy cases corresponded to 9 concordant negative cell blocks, whereas 1 cell block had a TPS of 1% to 5%. The remaining 28 cell blocks demonstrated PD-L1 expression, with 22 cases showing a TPS similar to that of the paired core-needle biopsy, whereas 6 cell blocks were discordant, likely because of intratumoral heterogeneity. Conclusions The results show that NSCLC cytology samples evaluated for PD-L1 have high concordance with paired core-needle biopsy samples and can be used for assessing PD-L1 expression. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:342-52. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A Comparison of Three Sampling Gears for Capturing Aquatic Turtles in Missouri: The Environmental Variables Related to Species Richness and Diversity

Donaldson Point Conservation Area (DPCA) is a lentic area within the Mississippi River floodplain that experiences seasonal flooding because of direct connectivity to the Mississippi River. Samplin...
The Empirical Effects of Minimum Resale Price Maintenance

This study is the first to estimate the empirical effects of minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) across a broad variety of products. We analyze conflicting theories using an exogenous state-level law change resulting from the 2007 Leegin Supreme Court decision. In states where RPM contracts are treated under the more relaxed rule-of-reason standard, prices increased. We estimate the welfare impact and find that, in aggregate, consumers are worse off in the rule-of-reason states. Though welfare decreased and prices increased, we find little support for the broad application of any particular theory.
Project Galileo - The Jupiter Mission

Project Galileo is ecstatic to report that as of December 7, 1995, there are seventeen known satellites of Jupiter—the seventeenth being the first artificial satellite—the Galileo Orbiter!
Early Radiation Mortality and Recovery in Large Animals and Primates

The rationale for large animal studies on early radiation mortality concerns their greater similarity to man in terms of size, metabolic rate, differential counts in peripheral blood, and other physiological factors than is the case for rodents. The phylogenetic relationship between the Rhesus monkey and man provided the incentive to study that species. Because most studies had their origins from consideration of nuclear weapons effects, animal size and depth-dose considerations were important for both neutrons and photons. The rationale for and interest in large animal radiobiology prevailed from the late 1940’ s to the late 1960’s, and much useful information was obtained. Thereafter, interest waned because of high procurement and maintenance costs, and the generally high hassle factor associated with large animal radiobiology. While important experiments with large animals were performed in many laboratories, the major centers were the UT-AEC Agricultural Research Laboratory (UT Farm), the U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL), the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL), the School of Aviation Medicine (SAM), and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), and the Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute (AFRRI). After the demise of NRDL, a project on sheep was transfered to the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and very important work proceeded there until about 1974. For reasons that will be obvious later, it is fair to say that more is known about the radiation responses of sheep to photons and neutrons, under a variety of exposure conditions, than any species other than rodents.
The Membrane Bound Forms of Penicillinase in Bacillus Licheniformis and Their Significance for the Secretion Process

Earlier in this conference, Dr. Palade and Drs. Blobel and Sabatini summarized the major features of the process by which mammalian cells secrete proteins (1, 2, 3, 4). (Biologically-active proteins such as enzymes, hormones or immunoglobulins are generally chosen as test systems.) There is strong evidence that the polypeptide chain is synthesized on the polysomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, enters the membrane in an open or incompletely-folded conformation, and is eventually found in the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At this point the protein is already extracytoplasmic. In the large mammalian cells this polypeptide must be transported toward the exterior via the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, usually through a Golgi apparatus, and ultimately in vesicles which fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents. During this process the protein is usually glycosylated, and there may be modification of the peptide chain itself. A similar process appears to take place in yeasts and other fungi (5, 6), although there is no direct proof that the secreted protein is produced by the polysomes of a rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Florida Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method

Abstract The Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM) provides a statewide standardized rapid assessment method (RAM) tool for the determination of compensatory mitigation requirements to offset permitted impacts to Florida wetlands and surface waters. UMAM evaluates mitigation needs for Florida ecological systems, including wetlands and surface waters with plant cover, benthic communities, and uplands in support of protecting wetlands. UMAM includes two parts: qualitative description and quantification of assessment area. Completion of Part I provides a description of the current condition, including details such as anticipated wildlife use, listed species, and geographic relationship to and hydrologic connection with wetlands, other surface waters, and uplands. Part II provides quantification of the current (or without mitigation) and anticipated with mitigation condition using a quantitative scoring of location and landscape support, water environment, and community structure as well as adjustments for preservation, time lag, and risk.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity attenuates TNF-stimulated intestinal cell apoptosis

181 Background. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity, through cytokine and growth factor stimulation, is upregulated in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer, suggesting that the activation of EGFR is a response to colitis and colon cancer in humans. We previously presented that EGFR activation reverses TNF-mediated colon epithelial cell apoptosis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that EGFR tyrosine kinase regulates cytokine-mediated colon epithelial cell survival. Method. Young adult mouse colon (YAMC) cells, colon cancer HT-29 cells, EGFR-null mouse colonic epithelial (EGFR-/-MCE) cells, and stable clonal cell lines expressing either wild-type (wt) or kinase-inactive (ki) EGFR were developed by transfecting EGFR-/-MCE cells with either wt or ki cDNA, and controls consisting of vector (v) only were used for these studies. Cells were treated with cytokines only, which include TNF (100 ng/ml), IL-1 (10 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (100 ng/ml), or in the presence of either a PI 3-kinase inhibitor (wortmannin 100 nM or LY294002 5 μM), MAP kinase inhibitor (U0126 10 μM), MMP inhibitor (GM6001 50μM or TAPI-1) or EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (AG1478 150 nM). Apoptosis and signal transduction pathway activation were determined by TUNEL staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results. In EGFR-/-MCE, ki and v cells, TNF induced apoptosis 3-, 5- fold compared to YAMC or wt cells. Furthermore treatment of YAMC or wt cells with TNF in the presence of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor increased apoptosis 10-fold. Similarly, treatment of YAMC or wt cells with TNF failed to increase apoptosis except in the presence of either PI 3-kinase inhibitor, which increased the apoptotic response 10-fold. In the HT-29 cells, TNF enhanced apoptosis 10-fold in the presence of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but not other cytokines, IL-1 and IFN-γ. Although treatment of YAMC and wt cells with TNF in the presence of U0126, blocked ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation, there was no induction of apoptosis. TNF stimulated AKT/PKB activation via EGFR tyrosine kinase activation in wt cells but not in ki or v cells, and this EGFR transactivation by TNF is blocked with either MMP inhibitor, suggesting TNF-stimulated EGFR transactivation abrogates TNF-induced intestinal cell apoptosis. Conclusion. Loss of EGFR signals and EGFR tyrosine kinase activity significantly increases TNF-initiated colon epithelial cell apoptosis and conversely, EGFR tyrosine kinase activation blocks TNF-induced apoptosis. These effects should be mediated through activation of the PI 3-kinase/AKT pathway. This novel observation has significant implications for understanding the role of EGFR regulation in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis in an environment of chronic inflammation, injury and repair, such as inflammatory bowel disease and tumorigenesis.
Abstract WP8: Stroke Outcomes in Vitamin D-Deficient Conditions: Modulatory Role of Progesterone and Vitamin D

Introduction: We investigated whether vitamin D (VDH) deficiency is associated with worsened outcomes after stroke with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation as evaluated by measures of beh...
The cost of implanting a cemented versus cementless total knee arthroplasty

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the actual cost of a cemented and cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedure. Materials and Methods The cost of operative time, implants, cement, a...
Electrochemical impedance of electrodiffusion in charged medium under dc bias

An immobile charged species provides a charged medium for transport of charge carriers that is exploited in many applications, such as permselective membranes, doped semiconductors, biological ion channels, as well as porous media and microchannels with surface charges. In this paper, we theoretically study the electrochemical impedance of electrodiffusion in a charged medium by employing the Nernst-Planck equation and the electroneutrality condition with a background charge density. The impedance response is obtained under different dc bias conditions extending above the diffusion-limiting bias. We find a transition in the impedance behavior around the diffusion-limiting bias and present an analytical approximation for a weakly charged medium under an overlimiting bias.