cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Future of Public-Private Sector Partnerships for the Provision of Human Services: Problems and Possibilities

This article examines the responses of states, localities, and the private sector to recent attempts by the federal government to realign domestic responsibilities for the provision of human services. In exploring this issue, the author conducted a study of agencies assisting the developmentally disabled in Greater Richmond, Virginia. The authorfinds that the nation is experiencing afundamental paradigm shift-a reconceptualization of structure, goals, and responsibilities-with respect to social welfare, with new public-private sector partnerships emerging to meet human needs.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIUM‐111 LEUKOCYTES AND NEPHROSONOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS IN DOGS

Nephrosonography was compared to In-111 WBC for detection of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in 12 dogs. Nephrosonography was performed during the acute and chronic phase of pyelonephritis in all dogs. Sonographic abnormalities were found in all infected kidneys imaged early after infection. In the chronic phase of pyelonephritis, the sonographic abnormalities had decreased in severity in 9 kidneys, increased in severity in 2 kidneys, and had resolved in 2 kidneys. After histopathologic evaluation, eleven of fifteen kidneys (73%) with pyelonephritis had been identified by sonography. The In-111 WBC scan was performed during the acute phase of pyelonephritis in 9 dogs and during the chronic phase in all dogs. During the acute phase of pyelonephritis, the WBC scan was positive in 8 of the 9 dogs (89%) on images acquired 24 and 48 hr after injection of the labelled WBC. During the chronic phase of pyelonephritis, the WBC scan was negative in all 12 dogs. The sensitivity of the In-111 WBC scan was poor compared to nephrosonography for detection of chronic pyelonephritis. In this study, optimal detection of renal infection/pyelonephritis by In-111 WBC may be dependent on the presence of clinical signs and leukocytosis in dogs. Even when leukocytosis is present, the In-111 WBC may fail to accumulate in the kidney in dogs with pyelonephritis, particularly if no clinical signs (fever, depression, inappetence) are present.
Silent Intralesional Microhemorrhage as a Risk Factor for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture

Background and Purpose—We investigated whether brain arteriovenous malformation silent intralesional microhemorrhage, that is, asymptomatic bleeding in the nidal compartment, might serve as a marker for increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated 2 markers to assess the occurrence of silent intralesional microhemorrhage: neuroradiological assessment of evidence of old hemorrhage—imaging evidence of bleeding before the outcome events–and hemosiderin positivity in hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin block sections. Methods—We identified cases from our brain arteriovenous malformation database with recorded neuroradiological data or available surgical paraffin blocks. Using 2 end points, index ICH or new ICH after diagnosis (censored at treatment, loss to follow-up, or death), we performed logistic or Cox regression to assess evidence of old hemorrhage and hemosiderin positivity adjusting for age, sex, deep-only venous drainage, maximal brain arteriovenous malformation size, ...
Robust testing of haplotype/disease association

Haplotypes, the combination of closely linked alleles that fall on the same chromosome, show great promise for studying the genetic components of complex diseases. However, when only multilocus genotype data are available, statistical approaches need to be employed to resolve haplotype phase ambiguity. Recently, we have proposed an approach to testing and estimating haplotype/disease association that is invariant to any existing genetic structure in the population. Here we evaluate this approach by applying it to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 simulated data.
Prism adaptation in Parkinson disease: comparing reaching to walking and freezers to non-freezers

Visuomotor adaptation to gaze-shifting prism glasses requires recalibration of the relationship between sensory input and motor output. Healthy individuals flexibly adapt movement patterns to many external perturbations; however, individuals with cerebellar damage do not adapt movements to the same extent. People with Parkinson disease (PD) adapt normally, but exhibit reduced after-effects, which are negative movement errors following the removal of the prism glasses and are indicative of true spatial realignment. Walking is particularly affected in PD, and many individuals experience freezing of gait (FOG), an episodic interruption in walking, that is thought to have a distinct pathophysiology. Here, we examined how individuals with PD with (PD + FOG) and without (PD − FOG) FOG, along with healthy older adults, adapted both reaching and walking patterns to prism glasses. Participants completed a visually guided reaching and walking task with and without rightward-shifting prism glasses. All groups adapted at similar rates during reaching and during walking. However, overall walking adaptation rates were slower compared to reaching rates. The PD − FOG group showed smaller after-effects, particularly during walking, compared to PD + FOG, independent of adaptation magnitude. While FOG did not appear to affect characteristics of prism adaptation, these results support the idea that the distinct neural processes governing visuomotor adaptation and storage are differentially affected by basal ganglia dysfunction in PD.
The effects of frequency lowering on speech perception in noise with adult hearing-aid users

AbstractObjective: Frequency lowering (FL) strategies move high frequency sound into a lower frequency range. This study determined if speech perception differences are observed between some of the different frequency lowering strategies that are available. Design: A cross-sectional, repeated-measures design was used to compare three hearing aids that used wide-dynamic range compression (WDRC) and either non-linear frequency compression (NFC), linear frequency transposition (LFT), or frequency translation (FT). The hearing aids were matched to prescriptive real ear targets for WDRC. The settings for each FL strategy were adjusted to provide audibility for a 6300 Hz filtered speech signal. Sentence recognition in noise, subjective measures of sound quality, and a modified version of the speech intelligibility index (SII) were measured. Study sample: Ten adults between the ages of 63 to 82 years with bilateral, high frequency hearing loss. Results: LFT and FT led to poorer sentence recognition compared to W...
Is King Lear Like the Pacific Ocean or the Washington Monument?: Critical Pluralism and Literary Interpretation

There are two prominent features of contemporary literary criticism that give the pluralist his initial direction. First, the field is marked by a multiplicity of discourses: formalism, deconstruction, new historicism, feminism, Marxism, semiotics, psychoanalysis, to name just a few, as well as various syntheses of two or more of these discourses. Second, the domi nant activity of literary critics is, as it has been since the rise of the New Criticism in the 1930s, the interpretation of individual texts. When faced with the task of sorting out the relations among the different interpretations offered by the different discourses, the pluralist, by definition, will want to say that many of them (or at the very least more than one) are equally valid (though they give different accounts of the same textual features) and simultaneously that some interpretations are weaker than others. Stated this way, the position seems straightforward (and, I hope, appealing). Yet once the pluralist begins to follow this direction, to work out the implications of this general stance, he very quickly becomes involved in many knotty issues that take him right to the disciplinary core of criticism. In the rest of this essay, I shall explore several of those issues, including (1) whether the move to pluralism also commits one to metapluralism (and thus, metametapluralism, and so on) and (2) whether pluralism as a metaposition has any genuine consequences for practical criticism. I shall begin, however, not with either of those important issues but with one that is both more dif ficult and more fundamental: how does the pluralist define the literary text?
The Peregrinating Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department.

Author(s): Simpson, MD, MPH, Scott A.; Pasic, MD, PhD, Jagoda | Abstract: Many emergency department (ED) psychiatric patients present after traveling. Although such travel, orperegrination, has long been associated with factitious disorder, other diagnoses are more commonamong travelers, including psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse. Travelers’intense psychopathology, disrupted social networks, lack of collateral informants, and unawareness of localresources complicate treatment. These patients can consume disproportionate time and resources fromemergency providers. We review the literature on the emergency psychiatric treatment of peregrinatingpatients and use case examples to illustrate common presentations and treatment strategies. Difficultiesin studying this population and suggestions for future research are discussed. [West J Emerg Med.2016;17(5)600-606.]
SIRT3 is attenuated in systemic sclerosis skin and lungs, and its pharmacologic activation mitigates organ fibrosis

Constitutive fibroblast activation is responsible for organ fibrosis in fibrotic disorders including systemic sclerosis (SSc), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and effective therapies are lacking. We investigated the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and its modulation by hexafluoro, a novel fluorinated synthetic honokiol analogue, in the context of fibrosis. We find that augmenting cellular SIRT3 by forced expression in normal lung and skin fibroblasts, or by hexafluoro treatment, blocked intracellular TGF-s signaling and fibrotic responses, and mitigated the activated phenotype of SSc fibroblasts. Moreover, hexafluoro attenuated mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in TGF-β-treated fibroblasts. Remarkably, we found that the expression of SIRT3 was significantly reduced in SSc skin biopsies and explanted fibroblasts, and was suppressed by TGF-β treatment in normal fibroblasts. Moreover, tissue levels of acetylated MnSOD, a sensitive marker of reduced SIRT3 activity, were dramatically enhanced in lesional skin and lung biopsies from SSc patients. Mice treated with hexafluoro showed substantial attenuation of bleomycin-induced fibrosis in the lung and skin. Our findings reveal a cell-autonomous function for SIRT3 in modulating fibrotic responses, and demonstrate the ability of a novel pharmacological SIRT3 agonist to attenuate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In light of the impaired expression and activity of SIRT3 associated with organ fibrosis in SSc, pharmacological approaches for augmenting SIRT3 might have therapeutic potential.
Tunable high power thulium fiber lasers

Two thulium fiber laser configurations are described providing widely tunable and narrow linewidth output. We show that such systems can produce average powers greater than 100 W.
Detection of Theileria parva in tissues of cattle undergoing severe East Coast fever disease show significant parasite DNA accumulation in the spleen

Infiltration and proliferation of Theileria parva infected lymphocytes in bovine host lymphoid organs is one of the hallmarks of T. parva infection. The relative abundance of parasites within infected host tissues, both lymphoid and non-lymphoid is however unknown. Using quantitative PCR, we have shown that significantly higher concentrations of T. parva DNA are detected in the spleens of cattle undergoing severe disease compared to other organs.
A Neurologically Plausible Artificial Neural Network Computational Architecture of Episodic Memory and Recall

Episodic memory is supported by the relational memory functions of the hippocampus. Building upon extensive neuroscience research on hippocampal processing, neural density, and connectivity we have implemented a computational architecture using variants of adaptive resonance theory artificial neural networks. Consequently, this model is capable of encoding, storing and processing multi-modal sensory inputs as well as simulating qualitative memory phenomena such as auto-association and recall. The performance of the model is compared with human subject performance. Thus, in this paper we present a neurologically plausible artificial neural network computational architecture of episodic memory and recall modeled after cortical-hippocampal structure and function.
White Superficial Onychomycosis

SWO consists of a small subset of onychomycosis, in which the route of infection occurs via the dorsal aspect of the nail plate. There are two variants of SWO: a superficial and a deep variant. SWO can rarely be pigmented. Rarely, SWO originates from beneath the proximal nail fold. Deeper nail penetration has been linked to mold infection. SWO is commonly associated with DLSO. SWO can be treated with topical antifungals in most cases.
Digital Trade

The Internet has become central to every economy on the planet. The web extra at https://youtu.be/Elc3hzFMkxQ is an audio recording of author David Alan Grier reading his Global Code column, in which he discusses the Internet's centrality to today's global economy.
Intelligent Monitoring by Interfacing Multivariate Statistical Monitoring and Knowledge-Based Systems

Abstract An intelligent process monitoring and fault diagnosis environment has been developed by interfacing multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) techniques and knowledge-based systems (KBS) for monitoring multivariable process operation. The real-time KBS developed in G2 is used with multivariate SPM methods based on canonical variate state space (CVSS) process models. Fault detection is based on T 2 charts of state variables, contribution plots in G2 are used for determining the process variables that have contributed to the out-of-control signal indicated by large T 2 values, and G2 Diagnostic Assistant (GDA) is used to diagnose the source causes of abnormal process behavior. The MSPM modules developed in Matlab are linked with G2. This setup extends the statistical process control library of GDA significantly and permits the use of MSPM tools for autocorrelated data and multivariable processes. The structure of the integrated system is described and its performance is illustrated by simulation studies.
Evaluating Factors for Prophylactic Feeding Tube Placement in Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Though better studied in head/neck cancers, there are currently no studies on timing of feeding tube (FT) placement in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. This study sought to discern characteristics of patients that used versus did not use a prophylactic FT (pFT), and also analyzed factors associated with placement of FTs during chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS/MATERIALS: From 1998-2013, 1,329 patients underwent neoadjuvant CRT, of which 323 received a FT. Patients for whom FTs were placed prior to treatment due to tumor occlusion or substantial weight loss (n=130), and those with FTs placed following treatment (n=43) were excluded. One hundred patients had pFTs placed, and 50 underwent placement during CRT. The following was collected for each patient: demographic/patient information, oncologic/treatment characteristics, and CRT tolerance. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in any parameter between cohorts that used (n=66) versus did not use a pFT (n=34); on univariate and multivariate analyses, no pre-treatment characteristic associated with using a pFT. As compared with patients that used a pFT (n=66), those who required a FT during CRT (n=50) had lower body mass index (BMI) (p=0.045), underwent higher-dose RT (p=0.003), and received induction chemotherapy (p=0.031). On multivariate analysis, receipt of induction chemotherapy and greater weight loss and esophagitis during treatment were associated with placement of FTs during CRT (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Of our cohort that received pFTs, there were no clinical factors that predicted for their use. Patients must be closely monitored for weight loss and esophagitis when receiving CRT in order to intervene prior to further worsening of toxicities.
Adaptive behaviour, executive function and employment in adults with Down syndrome.

Background Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate difficulties with aspects of executive function (EF) and adaptive behaviour across the lifespan. There is a current lack of information regarding how these difficulties relate to employment outcomes in adulthood. This study evaluated the adaptive behaviour and EF profiles of individuals with DS during early adulthood and the association between these areas of functioning and employment status. Methods Parents or caregivers of primarily young adults with DS (n = 31; mean chronological age = 25.9 years; SD = 5.92) completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - Second Edition the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version and a demographic questionnaire that requested information regarding adult employment status. Results Findings indicated a distinct pattern of relative strengths and challenges in adaptive behaviour and EF. In addition, the EF sub-domain of working memory was a significant predictor of employment status. Conclusions Specific aspects of the DS cognitive profile may have an important influence on employment status in primarily young adults with DS. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Capecitabine-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (DI-SCLE) is a rare side effect of capecitabine therapy, with eight cases previously reported. We report a case of DI-SCLE in a patient with a documented history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the second documented case of DI-SCLE in a patient with a past medical history of SLE, and provides evidence that there may be an increased risk of DI-SCLE in these patients. Further research should examine whether patients with SLE are at greater risk for this adverse event.
Mesoscale Block Copolymers

Materials composed of well-defined mesoscale building blocks are ubiquitous in nature, with noted ability to assemble into hierarchical structures possessing exceptional physical and mechanical properties. Fabrication of similar synthetic mesoscale structures will offer opportunities for precise conformational tuning toward advantageous bulk properties, such as increased toughness or elastic modulus. This requires new materials designs to be discovered to impart such structural control. Here, the preparation of mesoscale polymers is achieved by solution fabrication of functional polymers containing photoinduced chemical triggers. Subsequent photopatterning affords mesoscale block copolymers composed of distinct segments of alternating chemical composition. When dispersed in appropriate solvents, selected segments form helices to generate architectures resembling block copolymers, but on an optically observable size scale. This approach provides a platform for producing mesoscale geometries with structural control and potential for driving materials assembly comparable to examples found in nature.
A thermodynamic driving force approach for analyzing functional degradation of shape memory alloy components

ABSTRACTWith growing use of shape memory alloy (SMA) components in different engineering applications, the issue of material performance over its designed life is of great concern to researchers la...
“Anyone free to chat?” Using technological features to elicit quality support online

This study examines how support seekers can integrate verbal and nonverbal cues in social network sites (SNSs) to elicit quality support from others. Building from sensitive interaction systems the...
Does the Role of Student Factors with Adolescent Substance Use Vary by Geography

This study assesses the association of 12th-grade student factors (e.g., grades, classroom misbehaviors) with substance use (i.e., binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana) across large, medium-sized, and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on a sample of 2,189 students from the 2013 Monitoring the Future data set, logistic regression analyses showed that poor student academic and behavioral factors were associated with higher substance use after controlling for gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Interaction analyses further showed no significant differences in the influence of student factors on substance use across locales. Results suggest that prevention efforts against substance use should target student factors regardless of area of residency.
Exotic Species and Overgrazing Can Drive Declines in Grassland Biodiversity and Productivity

Plant species diversity has declined rapidly in grasslands, and it is poorly known how to establish and maintain diverse mixtures containing grasses, forbs, and legumes. Each of these groups can be important. For example, grasses and forbs can produce forage and increase resistance to weeds, and legumes can produce forage and maintain high fertility by fixing nitrogen. There is some evidence that exotic (introduced) plant species and changes in land use are contributing to declines in diversity. Exotic species could be causing declines in diversity in situations where they differ from native plant species in growth rates and other plant traits. However, previous studies were based on correlative data, and we have a poor understanding of whether exotic species themselves are causing direct declines in diversity, or if associated land use changes are causing the declines in diversity.
Injectable Oxygen: Interfacing Materials Chemistry with Resuscitative Science

Intravascular oxygen delivery holds great potential to treat numerous hypoxic conditions and emergencies, including pulmonary disorders, hypoxic tumors, hemorrhagic shock, stroke, cardiac arrest and so on. Tremendous effort has been made in the past to find material solutions for the development of intravenous oxygen carriers and have ranged from blood substitutes to microbubbles with limited success. This paper highlights previous and recent progress in perfluorocarbon-emulsions and microbubbles as intravenous gas carriers, including concerns over their long-term stability, in vivo safety profiles, and oxygen transport efficacy. Their use as potential resuscitative therapeutics for treating various types of cardiac arrest is also discussed.
Recent Advances in High-Temperature Network Polymers of Carboranylenesiloxanes and Silarylene-Siloxanes

Since the discovery of siloxanes by Kipping and coworkers [1], classical polysiloxanes –[(R)(R')SiO] n –, or silicones, have been extensively studied and some of them commercialized as early as the 1940s. Their broad range of unique properties has facilitated their application in such diverse fields as aeronautics, biomedical, cosmetics, surface water-proofing, sealants, and unmolding agents. The most impressive properties of silicones are their very low glass transition temperatures (T g ) resulting from the flexibility within their backbones and their low surface tension. These two properties account for their wide range of applications. Silicones also exhibit impressive thermal stability, the origins of which can be appreciated from their basic structural characteristic, the siloxane bond –Si–O–. It is a partially ionic bond that also possesses some characteristics of a double bond. The former property result from the relatively large difference in the electronegativities between silicon and oxygen, determined by Pauling [2] as 1.8 and 3.5, respectively. This difference results in an estimated 37 to 51% ionic character of the Si–O bond [2,3]. The latter characteristic, however, is associated with the partial overlap of the vacant low-energy silicon d orbitals with the p orbitals of oxygen,
Automatic discourse connective detection in biomedical text.

Objective Relation extraction in biomedical text mining systems has largely focused on identifying clause-level relations, but increasing sophistication demands the recognition of relations at discourse level. A first step in identifying discourse relations involves the detection of discourse connectives: words or phrases used in text to express discourse relations. In this study supervised machine-learning approaches were developed and evaluated for automatically identifying discourse connectives in biomedical text. Materials and Methods Two supervised machine-learning models (support vector machines and conditional random fields) were explored for identifying discourse connectives in biomedical literature. In-domain supervised machine-learning classifiers were trained on the Biomedical Discourse Relation Bank, an annotated corpus of discourse relations over 24 full-text biomedical articles (∼112 000 word tokens), a subset of the GENIA corpus. Novel domain adaptation techniques were also explored to leverage the larger open-domain Penn Discourse Treebank (∼1 million word tokens). The models were evaluated using the standard evaluation metrics of precision, recall and F1 scores. Results and Conclusion Supervised machine-learning approaches can automatically identify discourse connectives in biomedical text, and the novel domain adaptation techniques yielded the best performance: 0.761 F1 score. A demonstration version of the fully implemented classifier BioConn is available at: .
Spectrum of Ig Classes, Specificities, and Titers of Serum Antiglycoproteins in Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The characteristic decreased recovery and survival of transfused platelets in nonalloimmunized patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) suggest that plasma antiplatelet autoantibodies (autoAbs) are present in almost all cases. Studies emphasizing reactions of IgG autoAbs with platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa indicate that less than 50% of ITP patients have detectable serum Abs, and that many of these Abs may not be pathogenic because they are directed against epitopes in the cytoplasmic domain of GPIIIa (Fujisawa et al, Blood 77:2207, 1991 and 79:1441, 1992). We evaluated the contribution of Ig classes other than IgG to the overall incidence of serum Abs in 47 patients with chronic ITP and the frequency of reactions with GPs IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX, IV, and Ia/IIa. Abs were further characterized by their reactions with cytosolic or exosolic GP epitopes and their titers and apparent affinities. Using immunobead techniques we found (1) anti-GPs in 85% of sera; (2) IgA and IgG Abs each in 68%, together in 51%; (3) IgM agglutinins in 15%, always with another Ab class; (4) GP Ib/IX, IIb/IIIa, IV, and Ia/IIa targets in 83%, 81%, 38%, and 28% of cases, respectively; (5) 93% of positive sera reactive with more than one GP; but GP IV or Ia/IIa never the sole target; (6) Abs against cytosolic epitopes on one or more of GPs IIIa, Ib alpha, and IIb beta in 66% of sera, always accompanied by Abs against exosolic epitopes of the same or a different GP; (7) autoAbs against cytosolic GP epitopes in 38% of 16 patients recovered from posttransfusion purpura and drug purpura; and (8) evidence that serum ITP Abs, often high-titered, saturate platelets less than alloAbs against the same GPs. Whereas Abs against external GP epitopes are a distinctive marker for ITP in 80% of patients, Abs against internal GP epitopes are likely a secondary phenomenon of platelet destruction and not pathogenic. Anti-GPs against exosolic epitopes were also found in eluates of patient's platelets, suggesting that they have pathogenic significance.
Women and Inheritance in America

Probate records have proved to be an especially fruitful source for historians trying to reconstruct the socioeconomic world of early American women. The specific bequests and itemized inventories found in these records lend themselves to both quantitative and qualitative readings on questions as diverse as attitudes towards women (Gundersen and Gampel, 1982) and wealth stratification (Tompsett, 1974). Concerns about women’s property rights, especially for married women, are of particular interest for scholars studying the status of women. Coverture, that doctrine of English common law that merged the interests of husband and wife (especially in areas of property), has often been seen by feminists and scholars as a symbol of women’s status as nonbeings in the law (Flexner, 1959). Others, seeking to recover a role for women as actors in history, have pointed to equity law as a modifier of coverture (Beard, 1946). In all of these discussions, the right of women to hold, control, inherit, and alienate property are seen as essential to determining women’s status.
School Psychology Training for the Decades Ahead or Rivers, Streams and Creeks—Currents and Tributaries to the Sea

(1981). School Psychology Training for the Decades Ahead or Rivers, Streams and Creeks—Currents and Tributaries to the Sea. School Psychology Review: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 194-205.
Access to Five Nonprimary Health Care Services by Homebound Older Adults: An Integrative Review:

Globally, the number of homebound older adults is rising exponentially as the aging population increases. Homebound older adults have complex medical and psychological issues for which many receive...
The early distinction between diabetic foot osteomyelitis and Charcot joint during initial phase leukocyte (WBC)/bone scan dual isotope SPECT/CT imaging

654 Objectives Dual isotope (DI) SPECT/CT WBC/bone scan (step1 DI) has been confirmed to be highly accurate for diabetic foot evaluation of osteomyelitis (OM)/soft tissue infection & exact localization of infection site. However, it may require a second day imaging with DI SPECT/CT WBC/bone marrow scan (step2 DI) following additional radiotracer injection when scan is positive in tarsal bones to differentiate true OM from bone marrow hyperplasia (BMH) WBC uptake, frequently noted in Charcot’s joint. This study evaluates other imaging parameters that can help distinguish between these two conditions prior to step2 DI imaging. Methods 22 diabetic patients with suspected tarsal bone OM versus BMH by step1 DI were identified. Tc-99m sulfur colloid was injected & step2 DI were obtained the following day on all patients. Tarsal bone positive Lesions were classified as OM when bone marrow scan showed no corresponding uptake & BMH when bone marrow scan showed uptake similar to or greater than WBC uptake. Findings were correlated to presence of adjacent deep soft tissue infection (ADSTI), initial & delayed lesion WBC uptake ratios, & visual/quantitative rate of wash out of WBC (decreased delayed WBC ratio). Results Out of 27 positive WBC tarsal bone lesions, 10 were consistent with OM, of which 9 showed ADSTI (p Conclusions Our preliminary data of step1 DI SPECT/CT imaging analyses of diabetic patients with suspected tarsal bones OM appear considerably useful in predicting true tarsal bone OM prior to proceeding with step2 DI. These early imaging findings may limit the need for subsequent delayed imaging in many patients. Moreover, additional administration of radiotracer for bone marrow scan could be mostly eliminated, which abide by FDA/SNMMI/RSNA initiative of reducing unnecessary radiation exposure.
Pioglitazone Alters the Proteomes of Normal Bladder Epithelial Cells but Shows No Tumorigenic Effects.

PURPOSE Pioglitazone, an antihyperglycemic drug, is widely used in diabetes mellitus patients with insulin resistance. Although pioglitazone is known to have a potential link to bladder cancer (BC), there have been contradictory results. This present study is designed to understand the regulatory mechanisms that drive the effects of pioglitazone on the bladder epithelial cells. METHODS Labeled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling characterized the global proteomes of normal human bladder epithelial cells treated with or without pioglitazone. RESULTS This approach detected approximately 5,769 proteins in total. Of those 5,769 proteins, 124 were identified as being differentially expressed due to pioglitazone treatment. Further analysis identified 95 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins (absolute log2 fold change >0.58 and P-value<0.05). The following functional gene enrichment analysis suggested that pioglitazone may be altering a few select biological processes, such as gene/chromatin silencing, by downregulating BMI1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog), a polycomb complex protein. Further cell-based assays showed that cell adhesion molecules, epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and major signaling pathways were significantly downregulated by pioglitazone treatment. CONCLUSION These experimental results revealed the proteomic and biological alterations that occur in normal bladder cells in response to pioglitazone. These findings provided a landscape how bladder proteome is influenced by pioglitazone, which suggests the potential adverse effects of diabetes drugs and their links to bladder dysfunctions.
91 Are we ready

Introduction Annually at Ashford and St Peter’s Hospital (ASPH) we hold an event to promote dying matters week. This aims to remove the stigma of talking about death and dying within our community. In 2019, dying matters week theme was ‘Are we ready?’. Methods The Specialist Palliative care team (SPCT) designed a survey to gauge if the ASPH community ‘were ready?’. We asked questions including: have you cared for someone who was dying?, did you feel ready?, have you thought about future wishes? i.e. medical treatment, how would you like to be cared for?, where you would like to be cared for?, most importantly have you discussed these wishes with those important to you? The survey was distributed to all areas of the hospital. Results 80 surveys were returned: 56 (70%) Staff, 1 (1%) patient, 4 (5%) Carer/family member, 3 (4%) Visitor, 16 (20%) not completed. 86% were aged 20–60 which is representative of the ASPH community. Of the respondents 57% felt ready to care for someone who was dying. However only 45% had thought about how they would like to be medically treated at the end of life (EOL) and 38% knew where they would like to be cared for at the EOL. Only 50% of respondents had discussed this with those important to them. Conclusions As a healthcare community we are faced with the challenges of illness, uncertainty and death every day. However we are poor at considering our future EOL care. Despite having an awareness of the importance of sharing our thoughts with our loved ones we only do this half the time. By openly talking about death and dying we encourage our community to do the same. The hope is this will allow us to do better when talking to our patients.
Enlightenment: Impact on the Social Sciences

This article examines the relationship between the Enlightenment and the modern social sciences. It details the different national traditions of ‘Enlightenment’ and how these have affected the trajectory of the social sciences. It explores both the ways in which the social sciences have sought to carry out an ‘Enlightenment project’ and the doubts that have been raised about that project along the way.
Plotting the steady march of progress: The American Geriatrics Society lays out its plans for a new initiative addressing the intersection of structural racism and ageism in healthcare.

Abstract The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) announced this summer its commitment to working towards a just society, one in which all people are treated equally. Following its announcement, the AGS immediately began planning a multi-year, multi-pronged initiative that is focused on the intersection of structural racism and ageism in health care. The new initiative will take three main action steps to achieve the AGS' goals. Progress is already underway, and the AGS anticipates a long, but ultimately successful journey toward the equitable future it envisions.
Conditional knockout of MET receptor tyrosine kinase in cortical excitatory neurons leads to enhanced learning and memory in young adult mice but early cognitive decline in older adult mice.

Abstract Human genetic studies established MET gene as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders. We have previously shown that signaling mediated by MET receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed in early postnatal developing forebrain circuits, controls glutamatergic neuron morphological development, synapse maturation, and cortical critical period plasticity. Here we investigated how MET signaling affects synaptic plasticity, learning and memory behavior, and whether these effects are age-dependent. We found that in young adult (postnatal 2–3 months) Met conditional knockout (Metfx/fx:emx1cre, cKO) mice, the hippocampus exhibits elevated plasticity, measured by increased magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in hippocampal slices. Surprisingly, in older adult cKO mice (10–12 months), LTP and LTD magnitudes were diminished. We further conducted a battery of behavioral tests to assess learning and memory function in cKO mice and littermate controls. Consistent with age-dependent LTP/LTD findings, we observed enhanced spatial memory learning in 2–3 months old young adult mice, assessed by hippocampus-dependent Morris water maze test, but impaired spatial learning in 10–12 months mice. Contextual and cued learning were further assessed using a Pavlovian fear conditioning test, which also revealed enhanced associative fear acquisition and extinction in young adult mice, but impaired fear learning in older adult mice. Lastly, young cKO mice also exhibited enhanced motor learning. Our results suggest that a shift in the window of synaptic plasticity and an age-dependent early cognitive decline may be novel circuit pathophysiology for a well-established autism genetic risk factor.
eMLM: A New Pre-training Objective for Emotion Related Tasks

BERT has been shown to be extremely effective on a wide variety of natural language processing tasks, including sentiment analysis and emotion detection. However, the proposed pretraining objectives of BERT do not induce any sentiment or emotion-specific biases into the model. In this paper, we present Emotion Masked Language Modelling, a variation of Masked Language Modelling aimed at improving the BERT language representation model for emotion detection and sentiment analysis tasks. Using the same pre-training corpora as the original model, Wikipedia and BookCorpus, our BERT variation manages to improve the downstream performance on 4 tasks from emotion detection and sentiment analysis by an average of 1.2% F-1. Moreover, our approach shows an increased performance in our task-specific robustness tests.
Measuring User Satisfaction with IS Security

Information systems security has been the focus of much academic and non-academic research. It is an important aspect of any information system and due to increasing security incidents and threats it has become a factor affecting user satisfaction with information systems. This article introduces and validates a survey instrument that measures user satisfaction with the security attribute of the system aspect of IS.
On the Smyth Power Domain

This paper explores the connection between the Smyth power domain PS(D) of a domain D and the domain D itself. The Smyth power domain is the most prevalent of the three power domain constructions commonly used to model nondeterminism in the denotational semantics of high-level programming languages. One definition of the Smyth power domain PS(D) is as the set of all Lawson-closed upper sets X from the domain D, so there is the natural inclusion x ↦↑x: D → PS(D). On the other hand, the inf map X ↦ ∧ X: PS(D) → D is an upper adjoint to this inclusion, and we use this adjunction to obtain information about PS(D) from the domain D. If D is distributive, spectral theory implies that each element X of PS(D) satisfies ∧ X is the infimum of a unique set of primes minimal with respect to being contained in X. Results which characterize when a domain D does not contain a copy of 2N are invoked to show that the set of such primes is finite in certain cases. We indicate how these results can be generalized to the case that D is locally distributive or semiprime. Our results are motivated by an interest in understanding the Smyth power domain PS(D) in terms of the domain D, and we feel they should have application to the semantics of high-level programming languages. An indication of some possible applications of these results is given at the end of the paper.
A maximum principle for hybrid optimal control problems

Presents a version of the maximum principle for hybrid optimal control problems under weak regularity conditions. In particular, we only consider autonomous systems, in which the dynamical behavior and the cost are invariant under time translations. The maximum principle is stated as a general assertion involving terms that are not yet precisely defined, and without a detailed specification of technical assumptions. One version of the principle, where the terms are precisely defined and the appropriate technical requirements are completely specified, is stated for problems where all the basic objects-the dynamics, the Lagrangian and the cost functions for the switchings and the end-point constraints-are differentiable along the reference arc. Another version, involving nonsmooth maps, is also stated, and some brief remarks on even more general versions are given. To illustrate the use of the maximum principle, two very simple examples are shown, involving problems that can easily be solved directly. Our results are stronger than the usual versions of the finite-dimensional maximum principle. For example, even the theorem for classical differentials applies to situations where the maps are not of class C/sup 1/, and can fail to be Lipschitz-continuous. The nonsmooth result applies to maps that are neither Lipschitz-continuous nor differentiable in the classical sense. In each case, it would be trivial to construct hybrid examples of a similar nature. On the other hand, the results presented in this paper are much weaker than what can actually be proved by our methods.
Intersecting Flows of Language and Literacy: A Case Study of One Transnational Youth in the Cloud and in the Classroom (Cruzando flujos de idiomas y alfabetización: estudio de caso de una joven transnacional en la nube y en clase)

What youth do online is often dismissed as solely social and superficial a waste of time and certainly not academic. Many transnational youth use sophisticated, multimodal, and multilingual literacy skills to navigate these physical and virtual spaces. Calling on concepts of flows and scapes, as well as sociocultural notions of mediation, this case study investigates the digital literacy practices of transnational youth. A description is provided of see how these practices flow between (and simultaneously mediate further participation in) official and unofficial spaces of learning. Las actividades en linea de los jovenes se consideran pasatiempos, y no actividades academicas. Muchos jovenes transnacionales navegan los espacios fisicos y virtuales usando destrezas de alfabetizacion complejas, multimodales y multilingues. Mediante los conceptos de flujos y scapes, mediacion y teorias socioculturales, este estudio de caso investiga las practicas de alfabetizacion digital de jovenes transnacionales. Describe las formas en que estas destrezas fluyen (y, simultaneamente, median mas participacion) entre espacios de aprendizaje oficiales y no oficiales.
Red blood cell transfusion: Impact of an education program and a clinical guideline on transfusion practice

BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion guidelines have been developed by professional societies. These guidelines recommend a restrictive RBC transfusion practice for most clinical populations. Despite the consistency of guidelines and limited evidence for RBC transfusion efficacy, there is variability in RBC transfusion practice. METHODS A program was initiated in a tertiary medical center to align RBC transfusion practice with best-practice RBC transfusion guidelines. The program included an educational program, followed after 6 months by RBC transfusion decision support that included the approval of a best-practice RBC transfusion guideline by the hospital medical board and an RBC transfusion order form that included the guideline recommendations. RBC transfusion practice was followed over an 18-month period and compared with transfusion practice over the prior 18 months. The primary outcome variables were adult inpatient RBC units transfused, RBC units per admission, and RBC units per 100 patient-days. RESULTS The mean RBC units transfused decreased with initiation of each component of the program: from 923 ± 68 units to 852 ± 40 (P = 0.025) with education and further to 690 ± 52 (P < 0.0001) with the RBC transfusion decision support. Similarly, RBC transfusions per 100 patient-days fell from 10.56 ± 0.80 to 9.69 ± 0.49 (P = 0.02) and to 7.68 ± 0.63 (P = 0.0001) during the 3 time periods. CONCLUSION An education program coupled with institutional adoption of a best-practice RBC transfusion guideline and RBC transfusion order set resulted in a reduction in total RBC units transfused. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:745–749. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Structure of Cu(100) from low energy electron diffraction: I. Specular beam

Abstract A large number of nonspecular LEED intensity profiles from the clean (100) surface of copper have been measured. The geometrical structures resulting from application of data averaging methods to both experimental and theoretical intensity profiles are presented and compared with earlier work. The present results indicate that the upper layer spacing of the Cu (100) surface is within 1% of the bulk layer spacing, but that the surface registry vector of the layer is 8% larger in magnitude than the bulk registry vector. The results obtained from grand-averaged model calculations indicate that averaging does not give accurate results for surface layer registries. In general, it seems that the data-averaging technique is much more useful for determination of surface layer spacing (which is most sensitive to the momentum spacing between kinematic peaks) than for finding surface registry (which is most dependent upon absolute peak positions).
Phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable +14 diopter intraocular lenses in five mature horses.

Summary Presently, intraocular lenses (IOLs) are not routinely implanted after equine cataract surgery. Subsequently, horses are visual but markedly farsighted (hyperopic). This report describes the surgical results and visual status after phacoemulsification and implantation of IOLs in mature horses with spontaneous cataracts. Six eyes of 5 mature horses underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a +14 diopter (D) foldable IOL. Recheck ocular examinations were performed at 1, 4 and 24 weeks post operatively. Refractive error was recorded at 4 weeks post operatively. Visual status, refractive error and anterior chamber depth were recorded 24 weeks post operatively: 5 of 6 operated eyes remained visual and the average refractive error was +0.4 ± 1.1D. There was a significant difference between the 24 week post operative refractive error and the population mean of +10D (P<0.0001) for aphakic horses. The average post operative anterior chamber depth was 7.89 ± 1.55 mm. One globe was enucleated 2 months post operatively. Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation resulted in a significant reduction in post operative refractive error and restored vision to within 0.4D of emmetropia in 5 of 6 operated eyes. Implantation of a +14D IOL ameliorated the hyperopia documented in aphakic horses and improved the post operative visual acuity.