cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

†‡ Summary Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty-four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartmen to f the femorotibial joint.
Meta Disciplines, Meta Questions: How have we changed?

There is a growing debate about whether Management Information Systems (MIS) as a discipline has lost its focus. This debate has recently questioned the discipline's fundamental research questions and direction. Some have suggested that the MIS discipline might have lost its way and hence a need to refocus is needed. As a matter of fact, the meta questions (MQ) MIS research asks has remained relatively constant although the density of research within each MQ has shifted significantly. Similarly, while the meta reference disciplines (MRD) employed to answer the MQs have not changed, their density of use has shifted. These changes are largely in response to the evolution of information technology (IT) and its application in society. So, although we largely ask the same questions, we are finding some questions more interesting than others and although we can answer in the same way we are utilizing a more diverse perspective.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial through-space coupling in skeletal muscle.

The skeletal muscle contractile machine is fueled by both calcium and ATP. Calcium ions activate the contractile machinery by binding to troponin C and relieving troponin-tropomyosin inhibition of ...
Modeling of Brain Tissue Retraction Using Intraoperative Data

We present a method for modeling tissue retraction during image-guided neurosurgery. A poroelastic brain model is driven by the stereoscopically-measured motion of a retractor to produce a full volume displacement field, which is used to update the preoperative MR images. Using the cortical surface surrounding the retractor as an independent evaluative landmark, we show that our approach is capable of capturing approximately 75% of the cortical deformation during tissue retraction.
Variation with slope aspect in effects of temperature on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in mineral soil of mixed hardwood forests

This study examined the effects of temperature on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and variation with slope aspect (northeast (NE) versus southwest (SW)) at two forested sites in West Virginia — Beech Fork Lake (BFL) and Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) — with similar soil and overstory characteristics but with different latitudes and elevations. Previous work on mineral soil from both sites had shown sharp differences in microbial communities between SW slopes and NE slopes. Mineral soil was sampled from three and eight plots per aspect at FEF and BFL, respectively. Inorganic N was extracted from samples, which were then divided into polyethylene bags for 7-day incubations at 4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C. Following incubation, soils were extracted and analyzed for inorganic N. Net N mineralization varied significantly between aspects and temperatures but did not vary between sites; net nitrification varied significantly between aspects, temperatures, and sites. Net N mineralization increased with incubation temperature at all aspects and sites. Net nitrification rates increased with incubation temperature for BFL soils; however, maximum net nitrification rates occurred at 20-25 °C for FEF soils. Net nitrification was essentially unde- tectable for SW soils at either site. Results underline the complexities of the N cycle in temperate forest ecosystems, representing challenges in predicting alterations in soil N dynamics under conditions of global climate change.
Project management in instructional design: ADDIE is not enough.

In the digital age, instructional designers must possess both a sound instructional design knowledge base and solid project management skills that will enable them to complete courseware projects on time, on budget and in conformance with client expectations. Project management skills include the ability to apply repeatable processes, along with interpersonal skills such as communication and leadership skills. However, courses in project management are often absent from the higher education instructional design curriculum, creating a gap between what is learned in instructional design programmes and real-world practice. In this paper, the author draws on the education and project management fields to examine this gap. The author argues that the gap between instructional design project management models and how instructional design practitioners view project management is a consequence of the divergent perspectives of higher education subcultures and the extent to which those subcultures are likely to embrace cross-disciplinary subjects such as project management. The author proposes some research and advocacy opportunities for closing the gap between instructional design education and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Energy Coupling

The recent progress in magnetospheric physics is reviewed with particular emphasis on the energy transfer from the solar wind to the ionosphere. It is shown that the energy coupling function e and the three-dimensional current distribution derived from the IMS Alaska meridian chain data have provided a new insight into the entire energy transfer chain process from the magnetopause to the ionosphere. A number of suggestions are made for better understanding of the individual component processes.
Phenotype modulation in vascular tissue engineering using biochemical and mechanical stimulation.

Biochemical stimulation was applied in combination with cyclic mechanical strain to engineered vascular constructs made of isolated smooth muscle cells in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I matrix. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were added exogenously to the medium used to culture the constructs. Mechanical stimulation was applied using a bioreactor system that imparted a 10% circumferential strain at a frequency of 1 Hz. The parameters studied were gel compaction, cell proliferation, and expression of the contractile protein smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA). Mechanical stimulation caused a characteristic increase in gel compaction and cell proliferation, relative to statically cultured controls. Stimulation with PDGF increased cell proliferation and decreased SMA expression in 3D gels, but inhibited the effects of mechanical stimulation and produced a more open matrix structure. TGF-β strongly inhibited cell proliferation and increased SMA expression, especially in the presence of mechanical strain, and resulted in a dense matrix. These results show that cell phenotype can be modulated in engineered blood vessels by applying selected combinations of biochemical and mechanical stimuli, and suggest that such control over cell function can be used to tailor the properties of engineered tissues. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8780–y, 8717–d, 8719Rr
Role of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia as copredictors of mortality in acute renal failure

Role of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia as co-predictors of mortality in acute renal failure. Background Hypoalbuminemia (LA) and hypocholesterolemia (LC) have been reported to portend high mortality in both older patients and in patients with end-stage renal disease. Even though low levels have been reported in critically ill patients, they have not been clearly defined as predictors of mortality in acute renal failure (ARF). The impact of LA and LC on mortality in ARF is evaluated in this study. Methods We conducted a computer-assisted three-year retrospective review of all cases of de novo ARF seen at an inner city tertiary-care facility. One hundred cases met the criteria for inclusion in the study. We employed both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality associated with several variables. Results Predictors associated with a high risk of death identified in this study include LC ≤ 150 mg/dl (≤ 3.9 mmol/liter; RR, 7.4; CI, 2.7 to 20.3), LA ≤ 35 g/liter (RR, 5.0; CI, 1.9 to 13.2), sepsis (RR, 9.4; CI, 3.7 to 23.9), mechanical ventilation (RR, 10.8; CI, 2.8 to 41.0), oliguria (RR 17.0; CI, 6.2 to 46.6), and multisystem organ failure (RR 24.7; CI, 10.3 to 59.1). The overall gross mortality was 39%, but mortality among intensive care unit patients was 82%. Survival was 82% among patients with serum albumin > 35 g/liter versus 48% among those with serum albumin ≤ 35 g/liter (χ 2 = 11.9, P = 0.0006). Similarly, survival was higher among patients with cholesterol > 150 mg/dl (> 3.9 mmol/liter) than those whose levels were ≤ 150 mg/dl (≤ 3.9 mmol/liter; 85 vs. 44%, χ 2 = 17.3, P P Conclusion Survival in ARF is significantly altered by the levels of albumin and cholesterol. Because both LC and LA can be cytokine mediated, their presence in ARF should be considered ominous.
Quantification of gadolinium in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: re-examination of a reported cohort with analysis of clinical factors.

Background Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has been associated with exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agent (GdCA) used in medical imaging. Objective We sought to quantify levels of gadolinium in affected skin of patients with NSF and correlate the levels to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods Skin biopsy specimens were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and the micrograms of gadolinium per gram (μg/g) of dry tissue were determined. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained through retrospective chart review. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to correlate tissue gadolinium levels with various parameters. Results Six patients from a prior cohort were analyzed for gadolinium in affected skin. The mean amount of gadolinium in affected skin of NSF patients was 320.1 μg/g. No gadolinium was found in limited control tissue from patients unexposed to GdCA or in patients exposed to such agents, but without disease. Higher levels of gadolinium in skin correlated with younger age, lower body weight, lower corrected serum calcium levels, and lower erythropoietin dosing. Limitations The study was limited by the small number of cases and by the retrospective nature of the data and skin samples. Conclusion Gadolinium is present in substantial amounts within the skin of patients with NSF. Quantification of gadolinium in tissue using ICP-MS may facilitate our understanding of the disease.
Evaluation of peritumoral edema in the delineation of radiotherapy clinical target volumes for glioblastoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the spatial relationship between peritumoral edema and recurrence pattern in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Methods and Materials: Forty-eight primary GBM patients received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy that did not intentionally include peritumoral edema within the clinical target volume between July 2000 and June 2001. All 48 patients have subsequently recurred, and their original treatment planning parameters were used for this study. New theoretical radiation treatment plans were created for the same 48 patients, based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) target delineation guidelines that specify inclusion of peritumoral edema. Target volume and recurrent tumor coverage, as well as percent volume of normal brain irradiated, were assessed for both methods of target delineation using dose–volume histograms. Results: A comparison between the location of recurrent tumor and peritumoral edema volumes from all 48 cases failed to show correlation by linear regression modeling (r2 = 0.0007; p = 0.3). For patients with edema >75 cm3, the percent volume of brain irradiated to 46 Gy was significantly greater in treatment plans that intentionally included peritumoral edema compared with those that did not (38% vs. 31%; p = 0.003). The pattern of failure was identical between the two sets of plans (40 central, 3 in-field, 3 marginal, and 2 distant recurrence). Conclusion: Clinical target volume delineation based on a 2-cm margin rather than on peritumoral edema did not seem to alter the central pattern of failure for patients with GBM. For patients with peritumoral edema >75 cm3, using a constant 2-cm margin resulted in a smaller median percent volume of brain being irradiated to 30 Gy, 46 Gy, and 50 Gy compared with corresponding theoretical RTOG plans that deliberately included peritumoral edema.
Structure of Spectral Lines from Plasmas

Plasma line broadening is discussed with attention restricted to emission. The statistical theory and the impact theory are applied and discussed as to limits of each and circumstances under which each is best applied. Adiabatioity, perturber interactions, and treatment for radiating ions are expressed in mathematical formulas. The wing theorem and quantum theory are applied to achieve numerical estimates for the Balmer lines, including those with high quantum numbers. Broadening by electrons only is discussed relative to adiabatic theory and Lyman lines. Basic formulas for simultaneous broadening by ions and electrons in adiabatic approximation are presented. Plasma properties are discussed in relation to experimental determinations. (C. J. G.)
What About Men? Social Comparison and the Effects of Media Images on Body and Self-Esteem

Research has consistently shown that exposure to ideal female images negatively influences women's self-evaluations (e.g., Brown, Novick, Lord, & Richards, 1992; Henderson-King, Henderson-King, & Hoffman, 2001). However, minimal research has examined the effects of media-portrayed male images on men
Viscoelastic clot strength predicts coagulation-related mortality within 15 minutes.

Background Predicting refractory coagulopathy early in resuscitation of injured patients may decrease a leading cause of preventable death. We hypothesized that clot strength (G) measured by point-of-care rapid thrombelastography (r-TEG) on arrival in the emergency department can predict massive transfusion (MT) and coagulation-related mortality (MT-death). Methods Trauma alerts/activations from May 2008 to September 2010 were reviewed. The variables included the following: age, sex, injury severity score (ISS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), base deficit (BD), traditional coagulation tests (international normalized ratio ([INR], partial thromboplastin time [PTT]), TEG-derived G, and blood products transfused within the first 6 hours. Independent predictors of 2 outcomes (MT [≥10 packed red blood cells units/6 h] and MT-related death) were identified using logistic regression. The individual predictive values of BD, INR, PTT, and G were assessed comparing the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC ROC), while adjusting for age, ISS, and SBP. Results Among the 80 study patients, 48% required MT, and 21% died of MT-related complications. INR, ISS, and G were independent predictors of MT, whereas age, ISS, SBP, and G were independently associated with MT-death. The predictive power for outcome MT did not differ among INR (adjusted AUC ROC = 0.92), PTT (AUC ROC = 0.90, P = .41), or G (AUC ROC = 0.89, P = .39). For outcome MT-death, G had the greatest adjusted AUC ROC (0.93) compared with the AUC ROC for BD (0.87, P = .05), INR (0.88, P = .11), and PTT (0.89; P = .19). Conclusion These data suggest that the point-of-care TEG parameter clot strength (G) provides consistent, independent prediction of MT and MT-death early in the resuscitation of injured patients.
Pathophysiologic and pharmacologic alterations in the release and action of ADH.

Abstract The physiologic factors involved in vasopressin (ADH) release and action are reviewed with emphasis on the interaction between osmotic and volume stimuli to the discharge of ADH. Abnormalities in reception of stimuli to ADH release, and in the impaired synthesis and release of ADH, are reviewed in relation to the causes of diabetes insipidus, and information on the biochemical changes which have been described in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is also discussed. We summarize the pathologic lesions and associated diseases found in 54 of our patients with diabetes insipidus. Criteria for establishing the diagnosis of diabetes insipdus are reviewed with emphasis on the dehydration test, including the importance of measuring plasma osmolality at the conclusion of water deprivation. Treatment of diabetes insipidus is briefly discussed with emphasis on the use of DDAVP and oral agents. The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is reviewed including our experience with 39 patients. The differential diagnosis of SIADH, including the value of water loading and the measurement of ADH levels, is discussed. We comment on treatment of these patients including the use of investigational drugs. Lastly, we review the pharmacologic features and clinical relevance of some drugs which alter the release and action of ADH.
The calcareous reef alga Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Byropsidales): a cretaceous genus that diversified in the cenozoic

Abstract The genus Halimeda (Order Bryopsidales) is an important contributor of calcareous sediments to present day reefs. By ∼80 million years ago the genus appeared to have achieved limited distribution in both Old and New Worlds; today its 33 extant species are widely distributed throughout the tropics. Halimediform genera of the Ordovician exhibit considerable morphological similarity to the modern genus. However, the first records of Halimeda fossils appear to be Permian, with the greatest pre-Cenozoic species diversity being achieved during the latter part of the Cretaceous. The long paleohistory is capped by an apparent burst of speciation associated with the Holocene. At least three time periods during the ca. 260 Mya of Halimeda history are likely to have had major impacts on evolution of the genus: (1) Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events; (2) closing of the circumtropical Tethyan seaway with associated Messinian crisis; and (3) final closure of the Panama seaway. However, little concerning the relationship of these events to Halimeda phylogeny can be gleaned from its recorded paleohistory. The first strong phylogenetic data for the genus, provided by cladistic analyses of 18sDNA sequences, identify principal lineages corresponding to the three major taxonomic sections (Rhipsalis, Opuntia and Halimeda). These lineages provide the major axes of a proto phylogeny, and represent an apparent differentiation of the genus into at least 3 basic thallus designs. The most complex of the phylogenetic trees presented also indicates a geographic separation of rhipsalian species into Atlantic and Pacific clades. It is likely that these two major events occurred during the Cenozoic, with the second associated with a vicariant event such as the cessation of the circumglobal Tethys current. Research by paleontologists is especially needed for developing time references for major evolutionary events which will lead to setting an evolutionary clock for Halimeda independent of molecular data. Paleontologists also have an important role to play in testing the hypothesis that the burst of speciation in the Holocene is an artifact of differential collection, differential preservation or both, and that some of this speciation occurred in preceeding epochs. Investigation of these hypotheses, coupled with better samples, will reveal much more of the history of the genus during the period of its greatest success, the Cenozoic.
Can we cure CML

Imatinib at 400 mg per day has rapidly become the standard therapy for newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this patient population, 74% of patients achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCR),[1][1] but less than 5% of patients are polymerase chain
Effects of Functional Ability and Training on Chair-Rise Biomechanics in Older Adults

BACKGROUND Difficulty in rising from a chair is common in older adults and may be assessed by examining the biomechanics of the rise. The purposes of this study were (i) to analyze the biomechanics of rise performance during chair-rise tasks with varying task demand in older adults with varying rise ability and (ii) to determine whether a strength-training program might improve chair-rise success and alter chair-rise biomechanics, particularly under situations of increased task demand. METHODS A training group (n = 16; mean age, 82 years) completed a 12-week strength-training regimen while a control group (n = 14; mean age, 84 years) participated in a seated flexibility program. Outcomes included the ability to complete seven chair-rise tasks, and, if the chair-rise tasks were successful, the biomechanics of these rises. Chair-rise task demand was increased by lowering the seat height, restricting the use of hands, increasing rise speed, and limiting foot support. RESULTS At baseline, increased chair-rise task demand generally required increased task completion time, increased anterior center of pressure (COP) placement, increased momentum, increased hip flexion, and increased hip and knee torque output. Those unable to rise at 100% knee height without the use of their hands (task NH-100), compared with those able to rise during task NH-100, followed this pattern in requiring increased time, more anterior placement of the COP, and increased hip flexion to rise in the least demanding tasks allowing the use of hands. However, the unable subjects generated less momentum and knee torque in these tasks. At 12 weeks, and compared with baseline and controls, the training group demonstrated changes in chair-rise biomechanics but no significant changes in rise success. The training subjects, as compared with the controls, maintained a more posterior COP, increased their vertical and horizontal momentum, maintained their knees in greater extension, and maintained their knee-torque output. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that subtle yet significant changes can be demonstrated in chair-rise performance as a result of a controlled resistance-training program. These biomechanical changes may represent a shift away from impairment in chair-rise ability, and, although the changes are small, they represent how training may reduce rise difficulty.
Conceptual design of helicopters via genetic algorithm

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a computational model of natural selection and reproduction displayed by biological populations. The capabilities of GAs as search and optimization methods make them well suited to perform conceptual design tasks. A GA has been developed and combined with an industry standard sizing code specifically for helicopter conceptual design. This GA-based program was used to generate conceptual designs for three helicopter missions. Results of these efforts are discussed, providing insight into the ability of the GA to perform helicopter conceptual design.
Correlated photofragment product distributions in the photodissociation of NO2 at 212.8 nm

Abstract The 212.8 nm photolysis of NO2 has been studied using REMPI–TOF and LIF techniques. Photodissociation occurs via a parallel transition on a time scale which is rapid compared to molecular rotation, producing anisotropic TOF profiles. Analysis of state selected NO flight profiles gives the correlated photofragment product distributions and shows that the predominant photodissociation channel produces vibrationally excited NO in v=3 with O 1 D as the co-fragment. If NO is formed in a rovibrational level for which O 1 D production is energetically allowed then it is the exclusively produced co-fragment.
High capacity double-layer surface modified Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode with improved rate capability

Layered Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2, which is a solid solution between layered Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 and Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2, has been surface modified by single-layer coating with 2–5 wt.% AlPO4, CoPO4, and Al2O3 and double-layer coating with 2 wt.% AlPO4 or 2 wt.% CoPO4 inner layer and 2–3.5 wt.% Al2O3 outer layer. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements in lithium cells. The double-layer coated samples are found to exhibit lower irreversible capacity loss (Cirr) and higher discharge capacity values than both the pristine and the single-layer coated samples, which are due to the retention of a higher number of oxide ion vacancies in the layered lattice after the first charge. The double-layer coated composite cathodes exhibit Cirr values as low as 26 mAh g−1 with a high discharge capacity of ∼300 mAh g−1, which is two times higher than that achieved with layered LiCoO2. Moreover, the double-layer coated samples exhibit higher rate capabilities than the pristine and single-layer coated samples, which are attributed to the suppression of undesired SEI layers and the fast charge transfer reaction kinetics as indicated by the EIS data.
Magnetic properties of ferrihydrite nanoparticles doped with Ni, Mo, and Ir

In this work, changes in the magnetic properties of ferrihydrite (FHYD) nanoparticles (formula $\mathrm{FeOOH}\ensuremath{\cdot}n{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O};$ $\mathrm{size}\ensuremath{\simeq}5\mathrm{nm})$ on doping with 5 at. % each of Ni, Mo, and Ir by coprecipitation are reported. The variations of magnetization M as a function of magnetic field H (up to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 kOe) and temperature T (5--375 K) were investigated for the four samples, viz., FHYD, Ni/FHYD, Mo/FHYD, and Ir/FHYD, both for the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) conditions. The T variation of the low-field $(H=100\mathrm{Oe})$ magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} (ZFC) peaks at temperature ${T}_{p}\ensuremath{\simeq}70,$ 47, 43, and 34 K for FHYD, Ni/FHYD, Mo/FHYD, and Ir/FHYD, respectively. For $Tl{T}_{p},$ \ensuremath{\chi} $(\mathrm{ZFC})l\ensuremath{\chi}$ (FC), and \ensuremath{\chi} (FC) shows broad minima at ${T}_{s}=30,$ 27, 22, and 16 K for FHYD, Ni/FHYD, Mo/FHYD, and Ir/FHYD, respectively. The data are analyzed in terms of the modified Langevin function ${M=M}_{0}\mathcal{L}({\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}H/kT)+{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{a}H,$ where ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}$ is the magnetic moment/particle and k is the Boltzmann constant. From the analysis of the data, temperature-independent ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}=369,$ 375, 237, and $239{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ are determined for FHYD, Ni/FHYD, Mo/FHYD, and Ir/FHYD, respectively. It is argued that the decrease in ${T}_{p}$ and ${T}_{s}$ noted above with doping results from shape anisotropy due to demagnetization fields. For $Tl~{T}_{s},$ the presence of exchange anisotropy may indicate spin-glass-like ordering of the surface spins. In this temperature regime, a steplike magnetization reversal behavior is observed in the low-field region of the hysteresis loops, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions by Fraerman et al. [Phys. Rev. B 65, 184433 (2002)] for magnetic nanoparticles with interparticle interaction. Finally, from the observed magnitude of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p},$ it is inferred that Ni substitutes for Fe throughout the nanoparticle, whereas doping with Mo and Ir occurs primarily at the surface.
An electrokinetically controlled microchip for studying binding interactions of nucleic acids with cells

This paper presents an electrokinetically controlled microfluidic chip that allows investigation of binding interactions between nucleic acids and target cells. The microchip consists of two microchambers for capture of cells using an integrated microweir structure and collection of DNA strands, respectively. The chambers are connected by a microchannel filled with agarose gel. In the chip, nucleic acids that interact with target cells are electrokinetically separated and isolated from the cells through the gel-filled channel for subsequent analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that our microchip can potentially be used for studying interactions of nucleic acids with target cells in practical biomedical applications.
Clarifying anatomical complexity: Diagnosing heterotaxy syndrome in the fetus

Abstract Heterotaxy syndrome, a disorder that involves abnormal lateralization of the abdominal viscera, thoracic organs and cardiac atria, remains one of the most challenging lesions in the field of pediatric cardiology both from a diagnostic and surgical strategy standpoint. Despite improved techniques, heterotaxy syndrome continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Generally, heterotaxy syndrome can be categorized into two subtypes. Right atrial isomerism is associated with single ventricle, atrioventricular canal defect, pulmonary outflow obstruction, conotruncal abnormalities, bilateral superior vena cavae and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Left atrial isomerism can have similar intracardiac findings but also includes interruption of the inferior vena cava, ipsilateral pulmonary venous connection and complete heart block. Non-cardiac abnormalities such as splenic dysfunction, intestinal malrotation, and biliary atresia can be seen in both subtypes. Prenatal diagnosis of heterotaxy syndrome requires thorough knowledge of the typical findings as well as a systematic approach to the segmental anatomy. Accurate prenatal diagnosis is helpful to appropriately counsel families and for the perioperative management of these patients. However, the impact of prenatal diagnosis on long-term outcome remains to be seen.
Investigation of thread tapping load characteristics through mechanistics modeling and experimentation

Abstract A mechanistic model for the prediction of tapping torque and axial force is developed. The model is capable of predicting tapping torque and axial force resulting from chip formation and tool flank/workpiece friction under various machining conditions, including dry tapping and tapping with different cutting fluids. Extensive tests on tapping torque and axial force measurements are conducted to verify the predictive model. Characteristics of the measured tapping loads are studied. It is found that the total tapping load consists of a base load and a chip packing load. The base load results from chip formation and tool/workpiece friction. The predicted tapping load is found to be in good agreement with measured base load. The chip packing load is the result of chip clogging in the flutes, and is random in nature. The chip packing load may be many times that of the base load, depending on tap geometries and the machining conditions. Factors causing severe chip clogging and excessive torque leading to tap breakage are also reported.
Growth patterns in some indo-west-pacific seagrasses

The plastochrone interval of the rhizomes (PIR) was determined in the monopodially branching seagrasses Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb. et Hempr. ex Aschers. (1981), Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Aschers. et Magnus (1981), Syringodium isoetifolium (Aschers.) Dandy (1982), Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Aschers. (1982) and Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. (1982). The growth rate during 1981 was in all species, including Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers., constant during the year and the PIR amounted to 6.7 days (Cymodocea serrulata) and 3.9 days (Cymodocea rotundata). However, the PIR observed in 1982 showed in all species a unimodal pattern and a decrease during June, July and August. The PIR was 6.3 days in Halodule uninervis while an interval of 5.2 days was calculated in Syringodium isoetifolium. The growth rates of the horizontal and vertical axes (rhizomes and shoots) were correlated. A regression between the number of leaves on the shoot and the number of nodes on the rhizome resulted for most species in a linear correlation. The slopes of the calculated correlation were rather similar in the tree species with a comparable morphology: 0.44 in Cymodocea serrulata, 0.43 in Cymodocea rotundata and 0.49 in Halodule uninervis. In Syringodium isoetifolium, the longevity of the leaves increased during ageing of the shoot. The proliferation ratio (the ratio shoots/rhizome apices) was measured in all species. A maximum of 0.41 was observed in Thalassia hemprichii. This species and Cymodocea rotundata showed a unimodal pattern. In the last species, the ratio ranged from 0.03 to 0.13. The ratio was constant during the year in Cymodocea serrulata and Syringodium isoetifolium. Proliferation by means of monopodially branching of the rhizome was of little importance in Halodule uninervis. The pattern of proliferative and reiterative branching in the Cymodoceoideae is illustrated by an image of 123 days of growth in the fastest growing specimen. Most species showed growth in fronts. The expansion of monospecific seagrass fringes was monitored by repetitive mapping. The pattern of succession in subtidal meadows was determined.
Taste, Taboo, Trash: The Story of the Ramsay Brothers:

Through the 1970s and 1980s, the Ramsay Brothers forged a career in the lower reaches of the Bombay film industry, creating a niche market for their cheaply produced horror films. Despite drawing c...
Psychosocial and Behavioral Problems in Relation to Recent Experience as a Runaway among Adolescent Detainees

This study examined the occurrence of psychosocial and behavioral problems in relation to recent experience as a runaway among adolescents recruited from two youth detention centers. The sample included 176 males and 132 females who were interviewed approximately 30 days after being initially detained. Results indicated that recent experience as a runaway was common, especially among females and Caucasians. Moreover, detainees who had recently run away reported more psychosocial and behavioral problems than did those who had not recently run away. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Stress-wave-induced injury to retinal pigment epithelium cells in vitro.

Background and Objective To determine the survival of in vitro retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells subjected to laser-generated stress transients (shock waves) and compare it to that of other cell lines. Study Design/Materials and Methods Normal and transformed human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines were used. The cells were imbedded in a gel to prevent motion and cavitation and located in a thin layer at the bottom of a pipette tube closed at one end by a polyimide film. Stress transients were generated by pulsed excimer laser (193 nm and 248 nm wavelength) ablation of the polyimide film. Cell survival, compared to that of unirradiated cells, was assessed by counting surviving cells. The stress was varied from 300 to 740 bars and the number of shock wave pulses applied varied from 5 to 150. Results Cell survival decreased sharply at the higher stresses but some cells always survived. The lowest survival rate was 50%. Increasing the number of shock wave pulses did not increase cell killing after 20 pulses, demonstrating a saturation effect. In contrast to the transformed cell line, normal cells could not be killed at the highest stress available to us. Conclusion The susceptibility of RPE cells to damage by stress waves varies with cell line. Transformed retinal pigment epithelium cells are more susceptible than normal ones. Saturation of the damage versus number of pulses is observed and a threshold-like behavior for cell killing versus stress is found. Because at least 50% of the cells survived, normal cell growth can serve to replenish damaged cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional bowel disorder routinely encountered by healthcare providers. Although not life-threatening, this chronic disorder reduces patients' quality of life and imposes a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. IBS is no longer considered a diagnosis of exclusion that can only be made after performing a battery of expensive diagnostic tests. Rather, IBS should be confidently diagnosed in the clinic at the time of the first visit using the Rome III criteria and a careful history and physical examination. Treatment options for IBS have increased in number in the past decade and clinicians should not be limited to using only fiber supplements and smooth muscle relaxants. Although all patients with IBS have symptoms of abdominal pain and disordered defecation, treatment needs to be individualized and should focus on the predominant symptom. This paper will review therapeutic options for the treatment of IBS using a tailored approach based o...
Morphology of conductive, solution-processed blends of polyaniline and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Abstract The morphology of solution-processed polyblends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the electrically conductive polyaniline-camphor sulfonic acid complex (PANI-CSA) was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. This study unveiled a remarkable, interpenetrating network of fibrillar, crystalline PANI within the PMMA matrix, consistent with the existence of connected conducting paths at volume fractions as low as 1 wt.% of the conductive polymer. In this dilute regime, the PANI morphology is a tenuous, interconnected fibrillar network with characteristic cross-sectional fibril dimensions of a few tens of nanometers. At higher fractions of PANI, the density of connected paths increases and the morphology appears foam-like with the PANI network surrounding the PMMA phase. This unusual morphology is the origin of the high electrical conductivities and the excellent optical quality of the PANI-CSA-PMMA blends.
Laboratory Detection of a New Carbon Chain Radical: H2CCCCN

The cyanopropynyl radical, H2CCCCN, was detected in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. For the normal and 15N species, 89 and 40 hyperfine components, respectively, from four successive rotational transitions (N = 2 ? 1 to 5 ? 4) in the lowest energy (Ka = 0) rotational ladder were measured between 8 and 22 GHz to an uncertainty of 5 kHz. With this data, the microwave constants of cyanopropynyl, including the fine and hyperfine coupling constants, are determined to very high accuracy, and the most interesting lines in the radio spectrum from an astronomical standpoint can now be calculated to a fraction of 1 km s-1 in equivalent radial velocity.
Identification of the yeast DNA sequences that correspond to specific tyrosine-inserting nonsense suppressor loci☆

Abstract There are eight unlinked genes for yeast tyrosine transfer RNA. In previous work, nonsense suppressors have been isolated at each of the eight loci, and these loci have been genetically mapped (Hawthorne & Leupold, 1974). It has also been demonstrated by RNA-DNA hybridization that the genes are physically located on eight different Eco RI restriction fragments (Olson et al. , 1977). The purpose of the present report is to cross-correlate the set of tyrosine-inserting suppressor loci with the set of tRNA Tyr -hybridizing restriction fragments. This cross-correlation was achieved for six of the eight loci by analyzing the meiotic and mitotic linkage between the tyrosine-inserting suppressors and the genetic determinants of naturally occurring size variants of the tRNA Tyr -hybridizing restriction fragments. Now that individual suppressor loci have been identified with specific DNA fragments, it should be possible to analyze the phenotypes of these mutant genes in terms of their DNA sequences. The method by which these assignments were made also offers a new approach to the general problem of correlating genes with restriction fragments; it is particularly suited to organisms with powerful genetic systems in which hybridization to chromosome spreads in situ is impractical.
Reconstruction of shifting elbow joint compliant characteristics during fast and slow movements

Abstract The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the applicability of the equilibrium-point hypothesis to the dynamics of single-joint movements. Subjects were trained to perform relatively slow (movement time 600–1000 ms) or fast (movement time 200–300 ms) single-joint elbow flexion movements against a constant extending torque bias. They were instructed to reproduce the same time pattern of central motor command for a series of movements when the external torque could slowly and unpredictably increase, decrease, or remain constant. For fast movements, the total muscle torque was calculated as a sum of external and inertial components. Analysis of the data allowed reconstruction of the elbow joint compliant characteristics at different times during execution of the learned motor command. “Virtual” trajectories of the movements, representing time-varying changes in a central control parameter, were reconstructed and compared with the “actual” trajectories. For slow movements, the actual trajectories lagged behind the virtual ones. There were no consistent changes in the joint stiffness during slow movements. Similar analysis of experiments without voluntary movements demonstrated a lack of changes in the central parameters, supporting the assumption that the subjects were able to keep the same central motor command in spite of externally imposed unexpected torque perturbations. For the fast movements, the virtual trajectories were N-shaped, and the joint stiffness demonstrated a considerable increase near the middle of the movement. These findings contradict an hypothesis of monotonic joint compliant characteristic translation at a nearly constant rate during such movements.
Man writing: Gender in late twentieth‐century Irish poetry

(2000). Man writing: Gender in late twentieth‐century Irish poetry. Women's Studies: Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 619-649.
Another Disordered Chameleon: The Micro-Exon Gene 14 Protein from Schistosomiasis

If knowledge regarding proteins were restricted to what is presented in contemporary biochemistry textbooks, one would think that all proteins adopt the three-dimensional structures encoded by their amino-acid sequences, and that each structure in turn provides the basis for each protein’s function. This sequence-to-structure-to-function hypothesis for protein structure-function relationships is highly ingrained in contemporary thinking about proteins.
Development of ultrahigh-density micro gas discharge lamp array using coherent porous Si technology

This work investigates a radical new approach for plasma display production that is potentially easier to produce and results in plasma displays that are of significantly higher resolution. Most of the current modern plasma displays operate on essentially the same principle as a cathode ray tube. Using this technique, plasma displays are capable of resolutions of 1024 by 1024 pixels on a 42-inch display [1]. This is equivalent to 215 pixels per square cm. In this paper we propose a new application of the Coherent Porous Silicon enabled fabrication technique that can be used to develop a display that contains 250,000 discharge lamps per square centimeter. This is over three orders of magnitude better density than the current displays. The core CPS technology at the heart of this application can be used to produce substrates with over 1,000,000 pores per square centimeter, allowing development of even higher density displays. The paper discusses the fabrication technology and underlying experiments that have been successfully conducted to validate the concept and reports on the feasibility studies that have been carried out.
High Resolution Schemes and the Entropy Condition

A systematic procedure for constructing semidiscrete, second order accurate, variation diminishing, five-point band width, approximations to scalar conservation laws, is presented. These schemes are constructed to also satisfy a single discrete entropy inequality. Thus, in the convex flux case, we prove convergence to the unique physically correct solution. For hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, we formally use this construction to extend the first author’s first order accurate scheme, and show (under some minor technical hypotheses) that limit solutions satisfy an entropy inequality. Results concerning discrete shocks, a maximum principle, and maximal order of accuracy are obtained. Numerical applications are also presented.
The periventricular anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V): its relationship with the subfornical organ and neural systems involved in maintaining body fluid homeostasis.

The periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) is critically involved in the maintenance of normal body fluid balance and distribution. The present review examines the anatomical, neurochemical, and functional relationship of the AV3V with neural systems subserving body fluid homeostasis. In particular, the nature of AV3V afferents from the subfornical organ (SFO) and from brainstem noradrenergic cell groups is discussed. A model is presented proposing that specific structures within the AV3V, particularly along the ventral lamina terminalis, function to integrate information derived from blood-borne angiotensin II (via the SFO) with input arising from vascular pressure/volume receptors. The resultant of this integration is important for the generation of a normal component of thirst (i.e., drinking) associated with extracellular dehydration.
Effects of zimeldine and other antidepressants on skilled performance: a comprehensive review.

Existing data suggest that amitriptyline, doxepin, mianserin, viloxazine and imipramine impair the performance of skilled psychomotor tasks. The degree of impairment, as well as the degree of interaction with alcohol, is closely related to the sedative potency of the drug. the adverse effects on psychomotor skills are, however, mainly limited to the first 10 days of treatment. In contrast, nortriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, protriptyline, nomifensine and zimeldine have much less marked effects on skilled performance. Despite its being a relatively new antidepressant, the effects of zimeldine on psychomotor skills have already been extensively investigated. It has been shown to be without stimulant or sedative effects, and there does not appear to be any additive effect between zimeldine and ethanol. The lack of detrimental effects on skills related to such tasks as driving, makes zimeldine suitable for use in out-patient populations. Language: en
Curative Factors in Group Therapy: A Review of the Recent Literature.

This article reviews studies of the group curathe process that have employed Yalom's description of group curative factors. Similarities and differences in the findings of the studies are discussed...