cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a Sizing and Analysis Tool for Electrohydrostatic and Electromechanical Actuators for the More Electric Aircraft

This work documents the development of a MATLAB/Simulink based methodology for the sizing, simulation, analysis, and optimization of electric actuators for the primary and secondary control surfaces of a More Electric Aircraft. For a given aircraft and control surface configuration, the control surface flight loads are first evaluated taking into account their aerodynamic characteristics and the critical flight conditions relevant to each. With this information, the performance of a given actuator design can be analyzed via a simulation of the actuator and thermal dynamics. Conversely, for a given objective function and constraint set, the actuator design can be optimized through the solution of a constrained optimization problem. This work focuses on the development of the flight load estimation capability, the modeling and simulation environment, and the weight estimation method, while a separate work describes the actuator optimization problem and a study of actuator-to-surface allocation. While applicable to a wide variety of aircraft, the current work analyzes electrohydrostatic and electromechanical actuators using the Boeing 737-800 aircraft as a test case.
Phenomenon of Local Skin Reactivity to Serum Precipitates

Phenomenon of local skin reactivity to serum precipitates is elicited as follows:The abdominal skin of a rabbit is injected with 0.25 cc. of undiluted B. typhosus “agar washings” filtrate.1 Twenty-four hours later the rabbit receives a single intravenous injection of a suspension of serum precipitate prepared in the manner about to be described. Four to 5 hours after the intravenous injection there appears at the prepared skin site a severe hemorrhagic and necrotic lesion characteristic of the phenomenon of local skin reactivity to bacterial filtrates.2The serum precipitates with which the phenomenon could be consistently reproduced were obtained from the following mixtures:1. Normal horse serum with anti-horse rabbit serum.2. Antimeningococcus horse serum with anti-horse rabbit serum.3. Antimeningococcus horse serum with anti-horse goat serum.4. Antimeningococcus anti-human horse serum with normal human serum.The mixtures were made in proportions yielding maximum amount of precipitate, incubated in water...
Determination of L-Isomer in Nateglinide and Its Tablets by HPLC

A HPLC method for determination of L-isomer as impurity in nateglinide and its tablets was established.A chiral column with a-acid glycoprotein bounded to silica as stationary phase was used with mobile phase of 0.02mol/Lpotassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.1)-acetonitrile(98∶2), at the detection wavelength of 210nm. The detectionlimit of L-isomer was 2ng and the recovery was 98.0%.
Design of Modbus RTU Communication Based on CP341 and Its Implementation

The paper proposed a design scheme of Modbus RTU communication based on CP341,gave the selection and configuration of hardware and software,and introduced the design of data communication program between CP341 and intelligent sensor. The scheme uses Step 7 program to realize Modbus RTU communication between S7-300 PLC and intelligent sensor on the basis of ASCII communication mode of serial communication module of S7-300 PLC CP314,and resolves the key technologies such as analysis of Modbus RTU communication protocol of intelligent sensor,implementation of CRC-16 cyclic redundancy check in S7-300 PLC,sending of query instruction,and analysis and storage of receiving data packet.
162 WNT5a INHIBITS THE CANONICAL PATHWAY.

A major signaling pathway in mammalian development is WNT. Binding of the WNT ligands to their receptors known as Frizzled (Fzd) results in activation of at least two intracellular pathways. The “canonical” pathway controls cell-fate determination and is mediated through stabilization of beta-catenin and activation of the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor/T cell factor (Lef/Tcf) through which gene expression is regulated. The “noncanonical” pathway is mediated by signaling through protein kinase C (PKC). WNT5a is a member of WNT family of proteins whose overexpression leads to lung immaturity. Repression of this gene results in postnatal demise. WNT5a can signal via the noncanonical pathway, but its role on the canonical pathway remains unclear. To determine the effect of WNT5a on the canonical pathway, we generated double transgenic mice, SPC:Wnt5a;TOP-Gal, and studied the expression of LacZ from the Top-Gal promoter. In the lungs of these double transgenic mice, LacZ expression is reduced compared to that of single transgenic TOP-Gal mice, suggesting inhibition of the canonical pathway by WNT5a. To further substantiate the latter in vivo findings, we conducted transfection studies in the human lung carcinoma, A549 cells, using the canonical-WNT-signaling reporter construct TopFlash. TopFlash was co-transfected with expression construct for either Wnt3a, Wnt5a, or both and analyzed using luciferase assay. The results demonstrate that Wnt5a attenuates the activation of TopFlash by Wnt3a. In summary, both in vivo and in vitro results are consistent with the conclusion that WNT5a inhibits the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Supported by the Hastings Foundation, HL56590 and HL073471.
Investigation on mice and their parasitic ticks in Guangzhou

Objective To understand the species and constitution of mice and their parasitic ticks in Guangzhou area,China,and accumulate basic information for tick-borne diseases prevention and control.Method Use the night cage method to collect rat parasitic ticks.Mice and their parasitic ticks captured were counted and classified.Results After morphological identifications,these captured mice were subordinate to 2 orders 2 families 4 genera 8 species.A total of 157 ticks were caught,and were subordinate to 2 genera 2 species,which are grain shape ticks and bandicoot rat blood ticks.Conclusions Species of ticks found in Guangzhou area are single and the bandicoot rat blood ticks were found.
Management of Inguinal Hernia Recurrences (When Pain Is the Primary Symptom)

Recurrence after inguinal hernia repair occurs in 5 % patients, while chronic pain affects 10 % of patients. Chronic pain can be debilitating, and a multidisciplinary approach to management is often necessary. Pain associated with recurrence requires an understanding of the initial operative approach. Surgical management includes repair of the recurrent inguinal hernia, neurectomy, and mesh removal. Repair of recurrence leading to resolution of pain is successful in over 80 % of patients.
The Accuracy of Diagnostic Biopsy Specimens in Predicting Tumor Grades by Gleason’s Classification of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

AbstractWe reviewed the tissue histology of 115 patients with clinically localized carcinoma to determine the correlation between tumor grades in the biopsy and the prostatectomy specimen. Gleason’s primary and secondary pattern score systems were used, and each specimen was graded on a scale of 2 to 10 by a referee pathologist in a blind fashion. If the difference in the summed primary and secondary grades in the 2 specimens was no more than 1 grade, the discrepancy was regarded as insignificant. In all but 32 cases initial diagnostic biopsy specimens predicted accurately the final prostatectomy specimen score. The discrepancy was 3 grades in 7 cases and 2 grades in 25 cases. As a result, the lesions in 19 cases were changed from a well differentiated (2 to 4), a moderately differentiated (5 to 7) or a poorly differentiated (8 to 10) lesion to another of these categories. The lesions were upgraded from a well differentiated to a moderately differentiated category in 9 cases and from a moderately to a poo...
The flexible brain.

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Neural, electrophysiological and anatomical basis of brain-network variability and its characteristic changes in mental disorders’ by Zhang et al. (doi:10.1093/aww143). The vastness of the brain’s dynamic repertoire is one of the remarkable features of brain function, making it possible to adapt rapidly and efficiently to external task demands, implement novel behaviours, and switch from one task to another. Variability in the neural dynamics is, nonetheless, constrained and displays heterogeneous topography—specific regions appear more or less variable over time, both in terms of their activity time courses (Garrett et al. , 2011) and also in terms of their interactions with other brain regions (their functional connectivity). In this issue of Brain , Zhang and co-workers present a novel method for characterizing the temporal variability of a region’s functional connectivity profile [estimated from blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI], relating this variability to the region’s electrophysiology (measured with electroencephalography; EEG) and to its macroscale structural connectivity (white-matter pathways), and further demonstrating its potential utility as a neural marker for mental disorders (Zhang et al. , 2016). The past decade has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the functional network architecture of the human brain. Most of these earlier studies have adopted a ‘static’ point of view, wherein functional connections between regions are characterized over long time scales, obscuring faster dynamics. More recently, however, it has become apparent that over the course of seconds to minutes, the human brain displays network-wide reconfigurations both at rest (Zalesky et al. , 2014) and during task performance (Braun et al. , 2015). These findings …
Rapid and sensitive detection of bisphenol a from serum matrix

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that may have adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune system effects. Low-level exposure to BPA is ubiquitous in human populations due to its widespread use in consumer products. Therefore, highly sensitive methods are needed to quantify BPA in various matrices including water, serum, and food products. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific sensor based on an aptamer probe and AC electrokinetics capacitive sensing method that successfully detected BPA at femto molar (fM) levels, which is an improvement over prior work by a factor of 10. We were able to detect BPA spiked in human serum as well as in maternal and cord blood within 30s. The sensor is responsive to BPA down to femto molar levels, but not to structurally similar compounds including bisphenol F (BPF) or bisphenol S (BPS) even at much higher concentration. Further development of this platform may prove useful in monitoring exposure to BPA and other small molecules in various matrices.
Life in the Time of Oil: A Pipeline and Poverty in Chad, By Lori Leonard

Historically, most countries with large oil endowments have not been able to transform this wealth into widespread development and poverty reduction. The phenomenon known as the ‘resource curse’ ha...
Comment Upon History and the Debate Over Intellectual Property

The long historical view in Peng, Ahlstrom, Carraher, and Shi (2017), which discusses the issues regarding intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, is a welcome antidote to the overheated rhetoric in the public debate that characterizes China as a ‘pirate’ and slavish imitator. So, I thought that by engaging the paper obliquely, it might be possible to extend Peng et al.’s (2017) observations and conclusions. I will do this by contextualizing their observations about the history of IPR and then turn to the contemporary discussions of IPR and innovation in China.
Synthesis of correlated bit streams for stochastic computing

Stochastic computing using simple logic circuits requires significantly less area and consumes less power compared to traditional computing systems. These circuits are also inherently fault-tolerant. The main drawbacks of these systems include long latency and inexactness in computing. The deviation from exact values increases as the correlation among inputs increases. In many applications, outputs from different sensors may be correlated. Thus, testing correctness of stochastic computing circuits requires generation of correlated stochastic bit streams. While uncorrelated bit streams can be generated using linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), generation of correlated stochastic bit streams has not yet been fully investigated. This paper presents a general approach to synthesize correlated stochastic bit streams for specified probabilities and specified correlation coefficients. Generation of N correlated stochastic bit streams requires N probabilities and 2N — N — 1 correlation coefficients. Using N LFSRs, N uncorrelated stochastic bit streams are first generated. The N correlated bit streams are then generated one at a time using conditional marginal probabilities. The method is illustrated for generating two and three correlated bit streams. The area and power overheads for two correlated bit streams are 9.09% and 2.12%, respectively, and for three correlated bit streams are 21.03% and 4.80%, respectively. The generated sequences are applied to simple stochastic logic gates and the probability density functions (pdfs) of the outputs are derived. It is shown that these match with the theoretical pdfs of the outputs.
Biased attentional behavior in childhood anxiety: A review of theory and current empirical investigation

This review examines the state of current theory and research regarding a relatively new area of study in childhood anxiety: the examination of attentional biases associated with the processing of threatening environmental stimuli. In particular, this paper focuses upon current attempts to extend an information processing framework traditionally associated with childhood psychopathology (i.e., Crick & Dodge [Psychol Bull 115 (1994) 74]) and anxiety-related attentional bias research previously conducted only with adults, to populations of anxious children. First, a thorough discussion of Crick and Dodge's model and its applicability to current theories of anxiety is presented. Although each stage of Crick and Dodge's model is shown to possess correlates with current conceptualizations of anxiety, the research investigations reviewed here focus upon the multiple approaches that have been undertaken to better comprehend anxious children's attentional biases in encoding and subsequent task performance decrements. Specifically, recent investigations of anxious children's attentional performance utilizing Stroop tasks, probe detection tasks, and the relatively new probe localization task are reviewed. A discussion of the disparate findings associated with recent studies of each of these tasks is given, with an eye toward the need to specify the developmental, theoretical, demographic, and clinically relevant characteristics associated with the biased attentional behavior observed among highly anxious children.
Transition from Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair to Robotic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Retrospective Review of a Single Surgeon's Experience.

There is a paucity of literature comparing laparoscopic to robotic inguinal hernia repair. We present a single surgeon’s transition from laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (L-TEP) to robotic transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) inguinal hernia repair and compare outcomes from the two approaches. This retrospective review and analysis of prospectively collected data compare outcomes during the transition from L-TEP to R-TAPP inguinal hernia repair by a single surgeon at one institution. Operating times and surgical outcomes and complications are analyzed. All consecutive L-TEP cases from November 2012 to August 2014 and all consecutive R-TAPP cases from March 2013 to October 2015 were included in the analysis. A total of 157 and 118 patients underwent L-TEP and R-TAPP inguinal hernia repair, respectively. The groups were similar regarding demographics and ASA class. A significantly higher number of complex cases were performed in the R-TAPP group compared to L-TEP group (n = 11 vs. n = 1, p = 0.0001). Mean surgical times were nearly identical (69.12 ± 35.13 min, R-TAPP; 69.05 ± 26.31, L-TEP) as were intraoperative and postoperative complication rates—despite the significantly higher number of complex cases in the R-TAPP group. This is the largest study in the literature comparing a single surgeon’s experience transitioning from L-TEP to R-TAPP inguinal hernia repair. Results from the R-TAPP cases were similar to those achieved from laparoscopic cases. The robotic platform may have facilitated the execution of complex hernia cases during the proficiency phase.
Organizational and Behavioral Issues

Abstract While there is increasing recognition that organizational issues impact all aspects of clinical informatics, informaticians find it difficult to deal with these issues in a systematic, strategic way. The discipline of organizational behavior, which includes subjects such as organizational structure, culture, human resources management, power, politics and negotiation, leadership, motivation, and communication, offers the building blocks for informatics-related processes such as systems implementation, change management, strategic planning, and project management. We offer a model as an aid to understanding organizational and behavioral issues. The Golden Circle of Health Informatics Behavior model can guide development of informatics processes so that the end results, such as electronic health record implementation, health information exchange programs, telemedicine, research systems, and clinical decision support for personalized medicine, can be accomplished successfully.
Expert system benchmarks

Benchmarks for use with expert system shells are considered. Two approaches are pursued: running a shell with a real knowledge base on different machines, and running an artificial, stylized benchmark knowledge base with different shells on the same machine. The realistic benchmark uses PC Plus, a Lisp-based shell and development environment with an inference engine that uses backward chaining (forward chaining is also possible). Stylized knowledge bases have been used with different shells to compare loading and execution time, file size, and memory requirements. Some stylized-benchmark results are given. >
Criminal Investigative Analysis: A Move Toward a Scientific, Multidisciplinary Model

The concept of criminal profiling, also known as “offender profiling,” “psychological profiling,” “personality profiling,” “behavioral profiling,” and, most recently, “Criminal Investigative Analysis,” has been developing along two paths since the 1980s. Although profiling techniques had been practiced elsewhere in the world (e.g., David Canter in the UK), in the USA profiling was first used by agents assigned to the Behavioral Sciences Unit (BSU) of the FBI. In the USA, profiling techniques have long been defined as a nonscientific model that relies primarily upon the judgment of the profiler or “Behavioral Analyst.” Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, and Ressler (1992) likened the process to that “used by clinicians to make a diagnosis and treatment plan: data are collected and assessed, the situation is reconstructed, hypotheses are formulated, a profile is developed and tested, and the results are reported back.” (p. 310).
Incidence, Management, and Implications of Visceral Thrombosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Visceral or splanchnic thrombosis is defined as thrombi within the hepatoportal venous system, including portal (PV), mesenteric (MV), and splenic vein (SV), as well as thrombi in renal or gonadal veins. There are limited data to evaluate the prognostic significance, incidence, and clinical management of visceral thromboses in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and Methods We conducted an analysis of 95 patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with PDAC who had a visceral thrombosis. Results A total of 153 visceral thromboses (VsT) were identified in 95 patients (n = 51, 54% woman). A total of 36 patients (37%) had locally advanced disease, and n = 59 (62%) had metastatic disease. Systemic therapies received included FOLFIRINOX (n = 57, 60%) and GC/PTX (n = 27, 28%). All VsT events were incidentally detected. Overall survival of cohort was 12.3 months (range, 10.2-14.4 months). Visceral thrombosis incidence in the cohort was as follows: portal vein (PV) (45%), MV (26%), SV (17%), and gonadal veins (8%). Time to develop first VsT was 4.3 months (range, 3-5.6 months), and time to death from VsT development was 1.87 months (range, 0.8-2.8 months). Forty-five patients (47%) developed a second VsT. Sixty percent had a Khorana risk score of > 3. Thirty-nine patients (41%) were treated with short-term anticoagulation (AC) ( 1 month) (low-molecular-weight heparin, n = 32; 23 were transitioned to an oral anticoagulant). Twenty-two patients (23%) were not treated with AC. Eight patients (8%) had a bleeding complication from AC. Portal vein thrombosis had the shortest overall survival at 3.6 months (range, 2.3-4.8 months). Conclusion In PDAC, VsT can frequently present as an incidental finding on routine abdominal imaging. The most common location is PV, followed by MV and SV. We observed that AC is underutilized in this setting despite a low bleeding complication rate. PV was associated with the least overall survival of the VsT. Future large prospective studies should explore the role of AC and value in this setting.
Improving Community Relations: How Police Strategies to Improve Accountability for Social Equity Affect Citizen Perceptions

Social equity research increasingly focuses on how accountability for social equity is achieved, or how public administrators improve the access, outcomes, processes, and quality of public services...
The Real-Time Comprehension of Idioms by Typical Children, Children with Specific Language Impairment and Children with Autism.

Objective: We examined on-line auditory idiom comprehension in typically developing (TD) children, children with specific language impairment (SLI), and children with autism. Theories of idiom processing in adults agree on a reliance on lexical/semantic memory for these forms, but differ in their specifics. The Lexical Representation hypothesis claims that literal and non-literal meanings are activated in parallel. The Configuration hypothesis claims that a non-literal meaning will take precedence, such that a literal meaning may not be activated at all.Method: Children aged 6–16 years listened to sentences containing idioms for a cross-modal priming task. The idioms were ambiguous between an idiomatic and a literal meaning. We looked at priming for both meanings at the offset of the idiom.Results: TD children (n=14) and children with SLI (n=7) primed for the idiomatic but not literal meaning of the idiom. Children with autism (n=5) instead primed for the literal but not idiomatic meaning.Conclusions: TD children showed an adult-like pattern, consistent with predictions of the Configuration Hypothesis. Children with SLI showed the typical pattern, whereas the atypical pattern observed for children with autism may reflect a particular deficit with complex material in semantic memory.
Subsampling populations with spatially structured traits: a field comparison of stratified and random strategies

Scientific surveys are widely used for stock assessment, but the estimated population parameters are based on the size-at-age relationship and age structure derived from a small subsample of the ca...
Stopping Rules for the Stochastic Nested Partitions Method

We have recently developed a global optimization methodology for solving combinatorial problems with either deterministic or stochastic performance functions. This method, the Nested Partitions (NP) method has been shown to generate a Markov chain and with probability one to converge to a global optimum. In this paper, we study the rate of convergence of the method through the use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, and use this to derive stopping rules that can be applied during simulation-based optimization. A numerical example serves to illustrate the feasibility of our approach.
Average Evoked Potentials

In the decade of the 1980s, many clinical EEG laboratories have added average evoked potential studies to their routine procedures. Indeed, short-latency brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials, as well as short- and intermediate-latency cortical-evoked potentials, lately have proved to be valuable clinical tools for objectively testing afferent functions in patients with neurological and sensory disorders. This being the case, there is need for the EEG technician to become familiar with evoked-potential methods and to add a variety of new skills to his or her repertoire. At the same time, the person reading and interpreting the records will find it necessary to deal with concepts and techniques that are markedly different from those encountered in EEG interpretation.
Power-Efficient Multi-User Dual-Function Radar-Communications

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems have emerged as a promising solution for spectrum sharing problem in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel DFRC strategy by exploiting directional power control and waveform diversity. The proposed technique ensures the highest possible magnitude of the radar main beam resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio for the radar operation. This maximization objective is achieved while considering the pre-allocated or adjustable transmit energy requirement for radar and communication operations. The secondary communication objective enabling multi-user access is realized by transmitting distinct amplitude levels and phases towards different communication receivers located in the sidelobe region of radar. As an example, power allocation for different orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers projected towards the radar main beam and the communication receivers is discussed by considering the frequency response of target returns. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed technique.
Restrictive Lung Disease and Pneumothoraces

1. RLD is characterized by a limitation of lung expansion; the hallmark of the condition is decreased total lung capacity (TLC) below the fifth percentile of the predicted value [1]. 2. This results in decreased functional residual capacity (FRC), increased work of breathing, and often hypoxemia. 3. Reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (with normal or elevated ratio) are characteristic findings. 4. RLD may result from [1] pathology of the parenchyma itself (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous disease, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus), [2] neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), or [3] structural abnormality (e.g., kyphoscoliosis, morbid obesity). 5. The diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) differentiates intrinsic lung disease (decreased DLCO) from extrapulmonary causes (normal DLCO). 6. Patients with intrinsic parenchymal disease and pulmonary fibrosis may also have secondary pulmonary hypertension, which carries a significantly higher morbidity and mortality [2]. 7. TLC is used to classify RLD as mild (65–80% predicted value), moderate (50–65%), or severe (less than 50%).
Effects of treating corn silage with alpha-amylase and(or) sorbic acid on beef cattle growth and carcass characteristics.

The effects on beef cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics of feeding silages produced by altered fermentations were determined. Alpha-amylase was added at 0 or .05% (wet basis) and sorbic acid was added at 0 or .10% (wet basis) to chopped whole corn plants before ensiling in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For three successive years, 40 beef heifers (224 kg) were fed these silages for 80 d, finished on corn-and-cob meal (107 d) and slaughtered when backfat thickness over the 13th rib reached 12 mm. Silages treated with alpha-amylase had a slightly higher percentage of N-free extract (P less than .10). Silages treated with sorbic acid had lower percentages of ADFN (P less than .10). During the silage-feeding phase, heifers fed silages treated with alpha-amylase gained more (P less than .01) daily than heifers fed the other two silages (.84 vs .78 kg) and they were more efficient (P less than .01) in weight gain per unit of dry feed consumed (.149 vs .139 kg). During the finishing phase, heifers that previously had been fed the alpha-amylase-treated silage continued to have higher (P less than .05) ADG (.93 vs .87 kg), although all were fed the same diet during this period. Added sorbic acid had no effect on ADG in either period. The percentage of kidney fat in heifers on the alpha-amylase treatments was increased (P less than .02, 2.2 vs 2.0). The biological mechanisms associated with the beneficial results of alpha-amylase addition are not understood yet.
Dual-Wavelength Operation of GaSb-Based Diode Lasers with Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Wells

The DBR diode lasers with asymmetric tunnel coupled quantum wells having built-in resonant second order nonlinearity were designed and fabricated. The devices can generate comparable power in two bands near 2 um separated by ~13 meV as required for intracavity difference frequency generation. © 2019 The Author(s)
Synergistic inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and NSCLC cell growth by combination treatment with FUS1-nanoparticle and gefitinib

2707 New cancer treatments designed to restore functions of defect genes and gene products in tumor suppressing and apoptotic pathways by gene transfer and to target at the specific and frequently occurring molecular alterations in key signaling pathways by “smart drugs” such as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (PTKIs) are fundamentally changing cancer therapy and holding a promise for lung cancer treatment. FUS1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene (TSG) identified in the human chromosome 3p21.3 region that is frequently altered or deleted in many human cancers and has been shown to function as a key mediator in Apaf1-associated apoptotic pathway and as a potent tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo. In light of our recent observations on the FUS1-mediated PTK inhibition and the direct interactions of FUS1 with PTK and Apaf1 proteins together with the current findings of activating mutations of EGFR gene in gefitinib-responders in NSCL patients and the role of these mutations in selectively activating cell survival signaling and blocking pro-apoptotic pathway by other researchers, in this study we explored the capability of using the multifunctional FUS1 as a modulator for enhancing chemotherapeutic potency of gefitinib and overcoming gefitinib-resistance by simultaneously inactivating cell survival and proliferation signaling and activating proapoptotic pathways in both gefitinib-sensitive and resistant NSCLC cells. We found that reactivation of wt-FUS1 by FUS1-nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer or treatment with a wt-FUS1-derived peptide (wt-FP) in 3p-deficeint and Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC H1299, H358, and H460 cells significantly sensitized these cells’ response to Gefitinib treatment, as demonstrated by a more than additive inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth and a synergistic induction of apoptosis. An enhance growth inhibition was also observed in gefitinib-sensitive HCC827(with an activating mutation of EGFR) and H1819 (with amplification of EGFR) cells co-treated with FUS1-nanoparticles and a very low dose of gefitinib (at a level of IC10). A marked inhibition on activities of phosphorylated EGFR and Erk proteins was also detected in cells treated by FUS1-nanoparticle or wt-FP alone or in combination with gefitinib, as demonstrated by Western-blot analysis with phosphor-EGFR or Erk-specific antibodies. Our results suggest that the wt-Fus1 may play a critical role in modulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agents such as PTKIs and that a combination treatment of the FUS1-nanoparticle-mediated molecular therapy with these small molecule chemotherapeutics may be an efficient treatment strategy for lung cancer. This abstract is supported by grants of NIH NCI (SPORE P50CA70907) and DOD (TARGET, DAMD17002-1-0706).
The Proteolytic Regulation of Virus Cell Entry by Furin and Other Proprotein Convertases

A wide variety of viruses exploit furin and other proprotein convertases (PCs) of the constitutive protein secretion pathway in order to regulate their cell entry mechanism and infectivity. Surface proteins of enveloped, as well as non-enveloped, viruses become processed by these proteases intracellularly during morphogenesis or extracellularly after egress and during entry in order to produce mature virions activated for infection. Although viruses also take advantage of other proteases, it is when some viruses become reactive with PCs that they may develop high pathogenicity. Besides reacting with furin, some viruses may also react with the PCs of the other specificity group constituted by PC4/PC5/PACE4/PC7. The targeting of PCs for inhibition may result in a useful strategy to treat infections with some highly pathogenic viruses. A wide variety of PC inhibitors have been developed and tested for their antiviral activity in cell-based assays.
Intravascular Volume Modulates the Outcome Predictive Capacity of Clinical Renal Function Biomarkers in Clinically "Euvolemic" Chronic Heart Failure Patients.

Background: Cardiorenal interconnections are complex and may in part be mediated by the extent of intravascular volume expansion. The impact of subclinical volume excess on outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been examined previously. Objectives: To assess the impact of volume-kidney interactions on outcomes in clinically “euvolemic” chronic HF patients (NYHA class II) with coexisting CKD. Methods: Plasma volume (PV) was prospectively measured in 110 stable HF patients with different degrees of renal function using a standardized radiolabeled albumin indicator-dilution technique. To examine the interactive roles of volume expansion and biomarkers of CKD, the cohort was dichotomized by median PV and then further stratified by cohort median serum creatinine, eGFR, and BUN, and analyzed for outcomes of HF-related mortality and 1st hospitalization. Results: PV was expanded above normal in 76% of the cohort. Over 1.5 years of follow-up, sCr and BUN above and eGFR below cohort median stratified higher risks for the composite endpoint only in ambulatory HF patients with a severe degree of PV expansion (median PV expansion ≥+26%; p = 0.02). With less expansion (<+26% expansion), these biomarkers reflecting worse renal function did not discriminate risk (p = 0.578). The percentage of subjects experiencing composite outcome events was, however, comparable for both greater and lesser degrees of PV expansion in HF patients with stable clinical status. Conclusions: In clinically stable chronic HF patients with coexisting CKD, substantial subclinical PV expansion is common even when patients are considered clinically to be euvolemic, and, importantly, the extent of PV expansion impacts outcomes including early HF mortality. Better kidney function appears to mitigate the effects of excess PV expansion, while less volume expansion appears to limit the risk of worse renal function as reflected by clinical biomarkers of renal function. Thus, the extent of volume expansion impacts the capacity of standard clinical biomarkers of CKD to differentiate outcome risk in ambulatory chronic (NYHA class II) HF patients.
La educación para el desarrollo en la lucha contra la pobreza

This article derives from the reﬂections and experiences of the authors in their academic activities, and tries to show the possibilities that Education for Development offers in university teaching and research from the perspective of the ﬁght against poverty. To do so, in the ﬁrst part of our presentation, the educational model offered through Education for Development is set out in detail, along with its dimensions and scenarios, and the fact that it belongs in the university. The second part shows some of the tools and methodological principles used by Education for Development which ﬁt into the current European Higher Education Area, and which are pertinent for facilitating the “exercise?” of thoughtful, critical and emancipating teaching criteria on the part of university teachers.
De novo protein design by deep network hallucination

Abstract There has been considerable recent progress in protein structure prediction using deep neural networks to infer distance constraints from amino acid residue co-evolution1–3. We investigated whether the information captured by such networks is sufficiently rich to generate new folded proteins with sequences unrelated to those of the naturally occuring proteins used in training the models. We generated random amino acid sequences, and input them into the trRosetta structure prediction network to predict starting distance maps, which as expected are quite featureless. We then carried out Monte Carlo sampling in amino acid sequence space, optimizing the contrast (KL-divergence) between the distance distributions predicted by the network and the background distribution. Optimization from different random starting points resulted in a wide range of proteins with diverse sequences and all alpha, all beta sheet, and mixed alpha-beta structures. We obtained synthetic genes encoding 129 of these network hallucinated sequences, expressed and purified the proteins in E coli, and found that 27 folded to monomeric stable structures with circular dichroism spectra consistent with the hallucinated structures. Thus deep networks trained to predict native protein structures from their sequences can be inverted to design new proteins, and such networks and methods should contribute, alongside traditional physically based models, to the de novo design of proteins with new functions.
Appropriating Japonisme at the 1900 Exposition: Sada Yacco, Loie Fuller, and the ‘Geishas’ of Le Panorama du Tour du Monde

Japanese exhibits filled the 1900 Paris Exposition, from the official pavilion at the Trocadero to ‘geishas' performing in the Panorama du Tour du Monde. The highlight for French reporters, however...
Clinical Impact of Hematoma Expansion in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients.

Background Hematoma expansion (HE) is associated with poor outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the impact on patients with an left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is unknown. We aimed to define the occurrence of HE in the LVAD population and to determine the association between HE and mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of LVAD patients and intentionally matched anticoagulated controls without LVAD admitted to Columbia University Irving Medical Center with ICH between 2008 and 2019. We compared HE occurrence between patients with an LVAD and those without an LVAD using regression modeling, adjusting for factors known to influence HE. We evaluated pump thrombosis following anticoagulation reversal. We examined the association between HE and hospital mortality using Poisson regression modeling adjusting for factors associated with poor outcome. Results Among 605 patients with an LVAD, we identified 28 patients with ICH meeting the study’s inclusion criteria. Our LVAD ICH cohort was predominantly male (71%), with a mean age of 56 ± 10 years. The median baseline hematoma size was 20.1 mL3 (interquartile range [IQR], 8.6–46.9 mL3), and the median ICH score was 1 (IQR, 1–2). There was no significant difference in occurrence of HE in LVAD patients and matched non-LVAD patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–4.2). There was an association between HE and in-hospital mortality in LVAD patients (adjusted OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.4–6.2). Conclusions HE occurrence appears to be similar in LVAD and non-LVAD patients. HE has a significant impact on LVAD ICH mortality, underscoring the importance of adequate coagulopathy reversal and blood pressure management in these patients.
Risk of psychosis with treatment for ADHD

The study by Moran et al. on the risk of psychosis among adolescents in the US who are treated with a stimulant for ADHD is important. This is because ADHD is a common disorder (3-5%), because psychosis often emerges in adolescence, because ADHD and psychosis share increased comorbidity and because ADHD is treated with stimulant medication that may increase the risk of psychosis. This means there is a multifactorial relationship between ADHD and psychosis.The outcome of the study is that stimulants increase the risk of psychosis to a limited extent, i.e. 0.10% for methylphenidate and 0.21% for dexamphetamine. It is recommended to opt for methylphenidate in adolescents with ADHD. This is confirmed by a Swedish registry study that controlled for a history of psychosis and showed that methylphenidate did not increase the incidence of psychosis after one year, regardless of a history of psychosis.
Status Matters: How Socioeconomic and Social Statuses Are Associated with Bullying

In Chap. 3, we discuss how socioeconomic and social statuses are associated with bullying victimization. Low socioeconomic status, particularly living in poverty, is a risk factor for violence exposure in low-income communities and the schools that are embedded within them. In general, impoverished youth are significantly more likely to be exposed to peer violence and bullying victimization in school and are also likely to identify with a culture of violence. We also discuss how research has consistently found that social groups or statuses in school are important about experiences, expectations, and interactions. A youth’s social status in school can be linked to his or her likelihood of being bullied. We also demonstrate how students with low social acceptance, high social rejection, or those who are labeled as nonaggressive are more likely to be victimized in school.
Antibiotic use and colorectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer for women and men and the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. There is emerging evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in CRC development, and antibiotics are one of the most common exposures that can alter the gut microbiome. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterise the association between antibiotic use and colorectal neoplasia. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for articles that examined the association between antibiotic exposure and colorectal neoplasia (cancer or adenoma) through 15 December 2019. A total of 6031 citations were identified and 6 papers were included in the final analysis. We assessed the association between the level of antibiotic use (defined as number of courses or duration of therapy) and colorectal neoplasia using a random effects model. Results Six studies provided 16 estimates of the association between level of antibiotic use and colorectal neoplasia. Individuals with the highest levels of antibiotic exposure had a 10% higher risk of colorectal neoplasia than those with the lowest exposure (effect size: 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.18). We found evidence of high heterogeneity (I2=79%, p=0.0001) but not of publication bias. Conclusions Higher levels of antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. Given the widespread use of antibiotics in childhood and early adulthood, additional research to further characterise this relationship is needed.
Local-Area Networks for Manufacturing

Protocols of local-area networks used in manufacturing systems are surveyed. Communication requirements of manufacturing networks are reviewed. The concept of Computer Integrated Manufacturing is outlined, with emphasis on communications involved in CIM systems. Recent research results on the IEEE 802.4 token-passing bus channel-access protocol and the priority mechanism are discussed.
Effect of Oxygen-Supply Rates on Growth of Escherichia coli: II. Comparison of Results in Shake Flasks and 50-Liter Fermentor

Growth of Escherichia coli and chemical changes in the medium were very similar in highly baffled flasks and in a 50-liter fermentor run under the same oxygen-supply conditions, based on sulfite-oxidation rates. Flasks with stainless-steel baffles (Biotech) gave growth patterns and rates of glucose and NH(4)-N utilization almost identical to those of the fermentor; results with Bellco 598 flasks (with 6 to 7 mm deep indentations) were quite similar. Unbaffled and Bellco 600 flasks (3 to 4 mm indentations) were similar to the fermentor at very high and very low oxygen-transfer rates, but gave much less growth than the fermentor at intermediate levels. Maximal oxygen-uptake rates occurred in the fermentor at the end of the logarithmic-growth phase when growth was 40 to 75% of maximum. In the fermentor, both sulfite-oxidation rates and rates of oxygen uptake correlated reasonably well with the total amount of growth produced.
People don't use the shortest path

Most recent route choice models, following either Random Utility Maximization or rule-based paradigm, require explicit enumeration of feasible routes. The quality of model estimation and prediction is sensitive to the appropriateness of consideration set. However, few empirical studies of revealed route characteristics have been reported in the literature. Such study could also help practitioners and researchers evaluate widely applied shortest path assumptions. This study aims at bridging the gap by evaluating morning commute routes followed by residents at the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Accurate GPS and GIS data were employed to reveal routes people utilized. Findings from this study could also provide guidance for future eff orts in building better travel demand models.
Design guidelines for safer low-voltage distribution systems Part II: Motor circuits

This paper continues investigations of the concept of maximum low-voltage circuit breaker ratings that facilitate fast tripping for arcing faults with a selectively coordinated system. Motor loads are the focal point of this work. Guidelines are provided for maximum motor horsepower ratings that should be used depending on the kilovoltampere rating of the supply-side transformer. Using the guidelines should prevent a situation from occurring where the coordinated main circuit breaker short time and instantaneous settings are not sensitive enough to detect main bus arcing currents, and dangerous levels of arc incident energy are possible.
ATP binding cassette proteins in yeast

Publisher Summary The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, also called the “traffic ATPases,” is an ever-growing collection of membrane proteins that mediate transport and channel functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ABC proteins turn up in interesting places and in roles that are relevant to many aspects of cell physiology and disease. Yeast has proven to be an ideal system for studying ABC transporters. The genetic and biochemical potential of yeast for analysis of heterologous ABC proteins from less tractable organisms has only begun to be tapped. The use of the sec vesicle system to obtain biochemically active ABC proteins has made a significant contribution for understanding how several multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins function.