cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of 'genotoxic' and 'non-genotoxic' alerts for cancer in mice : the carcinogenic potency database

A set of chemicals tested for carcinogenicity in mice that have been analyzed by Gold et al. [L.S. Gold, C.B. Sawyer, R. Magaw, G.M. Backman, M. deVeciana, R. Levinson, N.K. Hooper, W.R. Havender, L. Bernstein, R. Peto, M.C. Pike, B.N. Ames, Environ. Health Perspect. 58 (1984) 9-319; L.S. Gold, M. deVeciana, G.M. Backman, M. Lopipero, M. Smith, R. Blumenthal, R. Levinson, L. Bernstein, B.N. Ames, Environ. Health Perspect. 67 (1986) 161-200; L.S. Gold, T.H. Slone, G.M. Backman, R. Magaw, M. DaCosta, P. Lopipero, M. Blumenthal, B.N. Ames, Environ. Health Perspect. 74 (1987) 237-329; L.S. Gold, T.H. Slone, G.M. Backman, S. Eisenberg, M. DaCosta, M. Wong, N.B. Manley, L. Rohrbach, B.N. Ames, Environ. Health Perspect. 84 (1990) 215-286; L.S. Gold, N.B. Manley, T.H. Slone, T.H. Garfinkle, L. Rohrbach, B.N. Ames, Environ. Health Perspect. 100 (1993) 65-135] in the first five plots of the carcinogenic potency database (CPDB) was subjected to CASE/MULTICASE analyses. Briefly, CASE/MULTICASE is a computer-automated structure evaluation system that is capable of identifying structural features of chemicals associated with a specified biological activity (e.g., carcinogenicity or mutagenicity). These features are then incorporated into a structure-activity relationship (SAR) model for the analyzed database. The mouse CPDB used in this study consists of 627 chemicals, 289 of which are carcinogens, 11 marginal or weak carcinogens (i.e., chemicals requiring high doses to induce cancer) and 327 non-carcinogens. In an internal prediction analysis where the CASE/MULTICASE SAR model was used to predict the carcinogenicity of chemicals used to create the model, a concordance between experimental and predicted results of 96% was obtained. This indicates that the model is able to satisfactorily explain the chemicals in the learning set. In a drop-one cross-validation study where chemicals were removed one at a time and the remaining n - 1 chemicals were used in an iterative method to create a model to predict the removed chemical, CASE/MULTICASE was able to achieve a concordance between experimental and predicted results of 70%. Using a modified validation process designed to investigate the predictivity of a more focused SAR model, the system achieved a 78% concordance between experimental and predicted results. Among the major biophores identified by CASE/MULTICASE associated with cancer causation in mice several are derived from electrophilic or potentially electrophilic compounds (e.g., hydrazines, N-mustards, N-nitrosamines, aromatic amines, reactive halogens, and quinones). Other biophores however are derived from chemicals seemingly devoid of actual or potential DNA-reactivity and as such may represent structural feature of non-genotoxic carcinogens.
Electron Transmission Microscopy of NiAl

An electron transmission study of the β-phase of NiAl was made in annealed and deformed samples with the purpose of looking for antiphase boundary (APB), networks, and super-dislocations and to observe other configurations of the deformed state. No “grown in” APB networks, superdislocations, or APB trails were observed in annealed or deformed samples. It was concluded that in β-NiAl APB do not exist and the material deforms on slip systems which do not require the motion of superdislocations. Deformation appears intimately related to tangles of single dislocations, subgrains, tilt and twist subboundaries, distorted hexagonal networks, and dislocation loops. Eine Elektronen-Transmissionsuntersuchung der β-Phase von NiAl wurde in getemperten und verformten Proben durchgefuhrt, um Antiphasengrenzen (APB), Netzwerke und Superdislokationen zu finden, und um andere Konfigurationen des deformierten Zustands zu beobachten. In getemperten oder verformten Proben wurden keine „grown in” APB Netzwerke, Superdislokationen oder APB-Spuren gefunden. Es wird geschlossen, das in β-NiAl keine Antiphasengrenzen existieren und das Material durch Gleitsysteme deformiert wird, die nicht die Bewegung von Superdislokationen erfordern. Die Deformation scheint wesentlich mit einem Gewirr von Einzelversetzungen, Kristalliten, Stufen- und Schraubenkleinkorngrenzen, gestorten hexagonalen Netzwerken und Versetzungsschleifen verbunden zu sein.
Pre-service Teachers and Teacher Education

Abstract Pre-service teachers face several challenges as they strive to achieve excellence. Not only must they prove they master their subject matter, but they must also show competence in classroom management, methodology, and assessment. When a pre- service teacher also chooses to take the teaching degree in an EFL setting, the additional hurdle of acquiring near-native fluency is added. This paper aims to study how pre-service teachers view their learning process, which disciplines they believe are the most relevant, and how their linguistic competence does or does not interfere with their teaching skills. Ten pre-service teachers were asked to respond to a questionnaire and were interviewed using a focus group format. Findings show that pre-service teachers who have chosen to follow their degree in English rather than their native language must show more effort so as to succeed.
Effects of ethanol concentration on flux and gel formation in dead end ultrafiltration of PEG and dextran

The phenomenon of concentration polarization and gel formation plays an important role in ultrafiltration of macromolecules from water. However, there is lack of studies on similar phenomena for macromolecule ultrafiltration from blends of aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. This paper reports the effect of ethanol concentration on flux in ultrafiltration of polyethylene glycol and dextran with a solvent resistant polymeric membrane. Transient filtration data, collected after steady state, was utilized to determine actual filtration resistance and contribution of polarization using the osmotic pressure model. It was observed that both steady state flux and gel formation were significantly influenced in the ultrafiltration of both PEG and dextran from blended solvents. It was also observed that the onset of gel formation for PEG and concentration polarization for dextran in blended solvents occurred at significantly higher bulk solute concentrations than in water alone.
Chondroprogenitor cells of synovial tissue.

Objective To assess the chondrogenic potential of cells within the synovium. Methods Explants of synovium taken from various sites in the joint were embedded in agarose and cultured with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) to assess their chondrogenic potential. Isolated synovial cells were also tested for their chondrogenic potential by culturing them as aggregates in a chemically defined medium with TGFβ1. Cartilage formation was determined with histologic staining and immunohistochemistry. The osteochondral potential of the isolated cells was also assessed after subcutaneous implantation of the cells, loaded into porous calcium phosphate ceramic cubes, in athymic mice. Results A total of 48 synovial explants were cultured in agarose with TGFβ1. The formation of cartilage was observed in the outer region of 21 explants, and type II collagen was localized in that region by immunohistochemistry. A larger percentage of TGFβ1+ explants from the inner synovium sites formed cartilage compared with those from the outer synovium sites. Chondrogenesis occurred in aggregates incubated with TGFβ1 as early as day 7, and by day 14, all TGFβ1+ aggregates demonstrated chondrogenesis. In contrast with the results of the in vitro aggregate assay for chondrogenesis, no formation of cartilage or bone was evident in any section containing synovial cell–loaded ceramic cubes that were harvested at either 3 or 6 weeks after implantation subcutaneously in athymic mice. Conclusion Synovial explants and isolated synovial cells will undergo chondrogenesis when cultured in the presence of TGFβ1. The data indicate a possible synovial origin for the chondrocytic cells found in rheumatoid pannus. Furthermore, these data are consistent with the clinical findings of synovial chondrogenesis leading to synovial chondromatosis.
Descriptors of Friendship Between Secondary Students With and Without Autism or Intellectual and Developmental Disability

This article reports findings from an interpretevist, qualitative study exploring the connections and dynamics of friendship among three groups of secondary school-aged young adults. Each group included an individual with autism or intellectual and developmental disabilities who had extensive or pervasive support needs, and at least one high school student without disabilities. Data were collected through naturalistic observation and semi-structured interviews of the friends in two public high schools and one after-school dance program. Data were analyzed inductively to examine how the students enacted their friendships on a daily basis and how they made meaning of their friendships practically and conceptually. The thematic findings included (a) excitement and motivation, (b) shared humor, (c) normalized supports, (d) mutual benefits, and (e) differing conceptions of friendships. Implications of the findings, including descriptors of friendship and a broader conceptualization of reciprocity, are discussed.
Evaluating Spore Count and Sporophorous Vesicle Size in Ovavesicula popilliae (Microsporidia: Ovavesiculidae) in Adult Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Ovavesicula popilliae is a microsporidian pathogen used as a biological control agent of the Japanese beetle ( Popillia japonica Newman), and reportedly produces 32 spores within a sporophorous vesicle measuring 20.0-21.0 μm × 15.0-15.5 μm. We determined the sporophorous vesicles to have a mean size of 13.3 μm × 9.3 μm and each with a mean of 24.7 spores. Varying number of spores may be due to failed divisions of sporonts, death of spores after formation, host effects or different pathogen strains. Ovavesicula popilliae es una microsporidio patogeno utilizado como agente de control biologico del escarabajo japones ( Popillia japonica Newman), que segun reportes produce 32 esporas dentro de vesiculas con medidas de 20.0-21.0 μm × 15.0-15.5 μm. Determinamos que las vesiculas tienen un tamano de 13.3 μm × 9.3 μm y una media de 24.7 esporas. La variacion en el numero de esporas puede deberse a fallas en la division de los sporonts, muerte de las esporas despues de su formacion, efectos del hospedero, o diferencias en las cepas del patogeno. View this article in BioOne
Effect of thermal radiation on rewetting of top spray emergency coolant

A general physical model for top spray rewetting during an emrgency core cooling (ECC) transient is proposed which takes into account thermal radiation in the dry region. The model is employed to study the effect of thermal radiation on rewetting a single rod and a 3 × 3 rod bundle up to 2100°F. The results show that rewetting in a bundle is slower than for an isolated rod, due to reduced thermal radiation heat transfer in the dry region. Also, there is a definite correlation between the decreased radiation heat flux ΔqR and the corresponding decrease in rewetting velocity Δu. Values of Δu are not significant unless ΔqR is larger than 6000 Btu/hr ft2, where ΔqR cannot exceed a value of 6000 Btu/hr ft2 below a temperature of 1100°F, even in the most adverse conditions. Hence, it is concluded that radiant heat transfer does not significantly affect rewetting velocities up to an initial rod temperature of 1100°F. Beyond this temperature, the rewetting velocities change by more than 1.5% and hence radiation must be included in the model for top spray rewetting.
The effects of 50 MeVd→Be neutron irradiation on rhesus monkey cervical spinal cord☆

The cervical spinal cords of ten Rhesus monkeys were irradiated with 50 MeV/sub d ..-->.. Be/ neutrons according to one of two dosage schedules: (1) 1300 rad/ sub n..gamma../ in nine fractions over 29 days, and (2) 1550 rad/sub n..gamma../ in nine fractions over 29 days. These doses are equivalent to 4000 rad/sub eq/ and 4800 rad/sub eq/, respectively, with /sup 60/Co using an RBE of 3.1 for late effects (conventional 200 rad per day fractionation). Whereas none of five monkeys that received a spinal cord dose of 1300 rad/sub n..gamma../ developed signs of neurologic dysfunction, all five animals that were irradiated to a dose of 1550 rad/sub n..gamma../ developed significant radiation myelitis. The histopathologic changes correlated well with the clinical observations. All of the animals that received 1550 rad/sub n..gamma../ exhibited severe malacia and moderate to severe demyelination of the white matter of the cervical spinal cord. The histopathologic changes in the monkeys irradiated with 1300 rad/sub n..gamma../ were minimal by comparison.
Cystic and tubular congenital duplication of the esophagus: two case reports

Congenital esophageal duplication is a very rare occurrence. The cystic type accounts for the majority of cases, while the tubular type is far less common. We report two cases of congenital esophageal duplication in adults, one of the cystic type and the other of the tubular type.
Scope and Dynamics of the Securities Lending Industry

Prime brokers understand the importance of the securities lending industry in providing liquidity to markets, but most other participants view it simply as a source of incremental income for long-term investors. In fact, securities lending is a fundamental component of the short-selling market, and the income from lending is not trivial. This description of the very important securities lending industry provides the first in-depth exploration of the behavior of daily lending transactions in 24 countries for a two-year period in 2000–2002. The analysis includes cash and non-cash loans of equity securities and non-equity securities, such as corporate debt, government/sovereign debt, and agency debt.
An experimental study of centralized information in a financial organization

Abstract An experiment involving a simulated financial lending organization was used to compare subjects' decisions regarding the degree to which the organization should be informationally centralized, with that of an optimal decision rule based on a normative model. Typically, subjects overdecentralized the information structure to process small loans, and overcentralized the information structure to process large loans. Both the theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
The impact of generic word choices: An empirical investigation of age- and sex-related differences

Previous studies of receivers' responses to generic words have found that adults generally develop masculine imagery for neutral words and that men do this more than women. The present investigation of school-aged children (n=471) found that they, like adults, develop sex-specific masculine imagery in response to apparently neutral messages. Early adolescents, however, reported significantly more inclusive imagery than 6–7-year-olds. Different pronoun conditions elicited different mental imagery for the receivers of the messages with “he/she” eliciting more of a balance between male and female images and “they” eliciting more inclusive imagery.
Atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with HIV infection.

Background An inflammatory pruritic eruption which is characterized histologically by CD8+, atypical lymphocytes has been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This disorder has been described as “pseudo-Sezary” or a “cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL)-simulant”, however, as these patients do not resemble CTCL clinically, and the relationship between this entity and CTCL is unclear, a more descriptive term is “atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder” (ACLD). The purpose of this study is to categorize the clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features of 16 HIV-infected patients with this skin disorder seen at the New York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on 16 HIV-infected patients with a histologic diagnosis of an atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative infiltrate on skin biopsy. Skin biopsies were reviewed, and histologic features noted. Immunophenotyping was performed on 14 out of 16 samples; electron microscopy was performed on samples from five patients. Clinical manifestations, disease course, medication history, and response to treatment were noted. Results The patients presented with a pruritic, persistent, generalized, papular eruption. Pigment changes, including hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation were common. Histologically, lesional biopsies were characterized by a superficial and deep polymorphous infiltrate with atypical lymphocytes which were CD8+ predominant, Ki-1 negative, and occasionally CD7 antigen depleted. Sezary-like cells were present in the infiltrate in four out of five patients by electron microscopy. None of the patients has systemic manifestations of lymphoma; however, one of the 16 patients eventually developed frank CTCL. Conclusions HIV-infected patients can present with a pruritic, widespread disorder, often with pigment changes characterized by an atypical cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrate. This clinicopathologic disorder is a rare, reactive inflammatory condition which generally occurs in late stage HIV infection and rarely progresses to frank lymphoma.
Electron-excited fluorescence of serpentines

Elemental composition effect on electron excited fluorescence of serpentines determined by spectral examination with electron microprobe
Characterization of heterogeneous solids via wave methods in computational microelasticity

Abstract Real solids are inherently heterogeneous bodies. While the resolution at which they are observed may be disparate from one material to the next, heterogeneities heavily affect the dynamic behavior of all microstructured solids. This work introduces a wave propagation simulation methodology, based on Mindlin's microelastic continuum theory, as a tool to dynamically characterize microstructured solids in a way that naturally accounts for their inherent heterogeneities. Wave motion represents a natural benchmark problem to appreciate the full benefits of the microelastic theory, as in high-frequency dynamic regimes do microstructural effects unequivocally elucidate themselves. Through a finite-element implementation of the microelastic continuum and the interpretation of the resulting computational multiscale wavefields, one can estimate the effect of microstructures upon the wave propagation modes, phase and group velocities. By accounting for microstructures without explicitly modeling them, the method allows reducing the computational time with respect to classical methods based on a direct numerical simulation of the heterogeneities. The numerical method put forth in this research implements the microelastic theory through a finite-element scheme with enriched super-elements featuring microstructural degrees of freedom, and implementing constitutive laws obtained by homogenizing the microstructure characteristics over material meso-domains. It is possible to envision the use of this modeling methodology in support of diverse applications, ranging from structural health monitoring in composite materials to the simulation of biological and geomaterials. From an intellectual point of view, this work offers a mathematical explanation of some of the discrepancies often observed between one-scale models and physical experiments by targeting the area of wave propagation, one area where these discrepancies are most pronounced.
Tumor-Promoting Activity of Extracts of Unburned Tobacco

Both an aqueous Bα(OH)2 extract and an acetone-benzene extract of unburned cigarette tobacco produced skin tumors when painted on mice previously treated with 125 µg of7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The extract from as little as 0.5 cigarette per day was effective. The data are of interest in connection with epidemiological evidence that tobacco chewing is a cause of oral cancer. The data also suggest that tumor-promoting agents in cigarette smokemay have their source in the unburned tobacco
Distinguishing defaults and second-line conceptualization in reasoning about humans, robots, and computers

In previous research, we demonstrated that people distinguish between human and nonhuman intelligence by assuming that humans are more likely to engage in intentional goal-directed behaviors than computers or robots. In the present study, we tested whether participants who respond relatively quickly when making predictions about an entity are more or less likely to distinguish between human and nonhuman agents on the dimension of intentionality. Participants responded to a series of five scenarios in which they chose between intentional and nonintentional actions for a human, a computer, and a robot. Results indicated that participants who chose quickly were more likely to distinguish human and nonhuman agents than participants who deliberated more over their responses. We suggest that the short-RT participants were employing a first-line default to distinguish between human intentionality and more mechanical nonhuman behavior, and that the slower, more deliberative participants engaged in deeper second-line reasoning that led them to change their predictions for the behavior of a human agent.
Room temperature cyclopentadiene elimination reaction for the synthesis of diethylgallium-amides, -phosphides, and -thiolates. Crystal and molecular structures of [Et2GaP(t-Bu)2]2 and [Et2GaS(SiPh3)]2

Abstract : The compounds Et2GaNEt22, Et2GaN(H)(Me)2, Et2GaN(H)(t-Bu)2, Et2GaP(i-Pr)22, Et2GaP(t-Bu)22, and Et2GaS(SiPh3)2 have been prepared in high yields at room temperature by the elimination of cyclopentadiene from Et2Ga(C5H5) and the corresponding amine, phosphine or thiol. The three diethylgallium amides and Et2GaP(i-Pr)22 are liquids whereas the other phosphide and the thiolate are crystalline solids at room temperature. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy and cryoscopic molecular weight studies in benzene, as appropriate and are dimeric in solution. The crystalline compounds Et2GaP(t-Bu)22 and Et2GaS(SiPh3)2 were characterized by X-ray structural studies. Even though Et2GaN(H)(t-Bu)2 and Et2GaS(SiPh3)2 were prepared at room temperature and isolated in high yield, (1)H NMR studies revealed that neither compound was formed in high yield in solution. Removal of the cyclopentadiene by either dimerization or distillation, and/or dimerization the gallium product are necessary to prevent the back reaction to reform the reactants.
Relationship of N-arylacetamide metabolism and macromolecular binding to oncogenic transformation of C3H10T1/2CL8 cells

The C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo oncogenic transformation bioassay system detects a wide variety of chemical carcinogens. However, one carcinogen that does not transform C3H10T1/2CL8 cells is the liver carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA). Previous reports indicate that an activated form of FAA, N-acetoxy-FAA (N-OAc-FAA), transforms these fibroblasts. In an effort to understand these results, the metabolism and binding to cellular macromolecules of FAA and N-OAc-FAA using C3H10T1/2CL8 cells was investigated. C3H10T1/2CL8 cells metabolized FAA to 7-hydroxy-FAA, 2-fluorenylamine and N-hydroxy-FAA (N-OH-FAA) at rates of 5.03, 2.22 and 3.33 pmol/h/10(6) cells, respectively. N-O-Ac-FAA was bound to the DNA and RNA in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells to the extent of 10.6 and 3.6 FAA residues/10(6) nucleotides, respectively, and to protein at 21.9 pmol FAA residues/mg protein. However, binding of FAA to DNA and RNA at similar concentrations to N-OAc-FAA was less than 0.3 and 0.6 residues/10(6) nucleotides, respectively. These results strongly indicate that the inability of FAA to transform C3H10T1/2CL8 cells residues in the cells' inability to metabolize it sufficiently to the proximate carcinogen N-OH-FAA and not an inherent insensitivity to its activated forms.
Neuronal Outgrowth Guidance on Patterned Organic Films

Glass substrates were modified with organic thin films to guide the outgrwoth of cultured neurons dissociated from the central nervous system. Embryonic hippocampal neurons, grown on these modified substrates, developed a morphology by following the surface geometries and they formed contacts with each other. We are now investigating technical procedures for forming physiological synapses using goldfish retinal neurons in culture.
Actually and in fact in American English: a data-based analysis

Actually and in fact have been generally regarded as interchangeable without leading to any significant differences in the meaning of the containing utterances: as a result, no serious attempt has been made to discover potential differences between the two. The present study focuses on the differences as well as the similarities between actually and in fact in their distribution and use in spoken and written American English. Based upon an analysis of tokens from the Switchboard Corpus and the Brown Corpus, I propose that `unexpectedness’ is the core meaning shared by actually and in fact, and that the difference between the two lies in the typical association of each with one or the other way of signalling ‘unexpectedness’. The study also shows that in real discourse contexts, actually and in fact develop a number of different uses that are more or less remote from this core meaning.
Stress and depression: old questions, new approaches

After decades in which diatheses dominated research on the diathesis–stress models of depression, increasing attention to stress and stress–depression mechanisms is in the forefront of efforts to understand depression and treat it effectively. Supplementing research on known risk factors and moderators (such as demographic, cognitive, relational, family, and personality characteristics) of the stress–depression association, much work now focuses on experiences of early life stress, acute stressors, and chronic stress and their developmental features and neurobiological mechanisms relevant to depression. The review briefly highlights the current status of risk factors, HPA axis, neural, and genetic approaches, noting conceptual and methodological challenges.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell High Carbon Monoxide Tolerance Operation Using Pulsed Heating and Pressure Swing

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attractive power plants for use in many applications, including portable power sources, electric vehicles, and on-site combined power/heat plants. Despite the advantages, one of the significant obstacles to PEMFC commercialization is the low tolerance to carbon monoxide (CO). Ideally, PEMFCs should use pure hydrogen fuel. However, because of the difficulties inherent in storing hydrogen onboard, there is an increasing interest in using hydrogen-rich gases produced by reforming hydrocarbon fuels. Fuel reformer produces hydrogen containing a small amount of CO. PEMFC performance degrades when CO is present in the fuel gas, referred to as CO poisoning. This paper presents the results of a novel PEMFC performance study using a pulsed heating device and the feeding channel pressure swing method to mitigate the CO poisoning problem. The effectiveness of these strategies is demonstrated through simulation and experimental work on a single cell. By applying a transient localized heating to the catalyst layer while maintaining the PEMFC membrane at a normal temperature (below 80° C) and by using the feeding channel pressure swing, significant enhancement in the carbon monoxide tolerance level of PEMFCs was found. These approaches could potentially eliminate the need for an expensive selective oxidizer. The CO poisoning process is generally slow and reversible. After applying pulsed heating, the transient high temperature in the catalyst layer could help the recovery of the PEMFC from CO poisoning. By using feeding channel pressure swing, oxygen can easily diffuse into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the outlet port and promote a quick recovery. Using these operational strategies, a PEMFC could operate continually using a high CO concentration fuel.
Mind over milkshakes: mindsets, not just nutrients, determine ghrelin response.

Objective: To test whether physiological satiation as measured by the gut peptide ghrelin may vary depending on the mindset in which one approaches consumption of food. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, participants (n = 46) consumed a 380-calorie milkshake under the pretense that it was either a 62
Comparison of Different Shrinkage Formulas in Estimating Population Multiple Correlation Coefficients

Five different shrinkage formulas were compared to see which most accurately reduced the positive bias in sample R2 values as estimators of the squared population multiple correlation coefficient (ρ2). Artificial populations of known parameters were constructed and "Monte Carlo" sampling was done with a computer. The following parameters were examined: number of independent variables (5 and 15), sample size (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, and 10), and ρ2 (.2, .4, .6, and .8). On the basis of the data collected, one formula was eliminated and the conditional use of two others was recommended.
Proton-neutron pair correlations in heated rotating nuclei

Abstract Finite-temperature gap equations are derived for non-rotating systems which include isospin-zero pair correlations for nucleons in identical spatial orbitals (NN phase) as well as isospin-zero and isospin-one correlations for nucleons in time-reversed orbitals (NN phase). For non-rotating systems heating has a similar effect on all pairing modes. The two-level model is generalized to include pn pair correlations as well as pp, nn and pn correlations. For rotating systems, the quasiparticle energies are intrinsically different for the NN phase and the NN phase. The phase diagram shows a first-order phase transition from the pp, nn superfluid (NN phase) to the pn superfluid (NN phase) at a critical rotational frequency ω c ( T ). However increasing the temperature at a fixed frequency or spin does not induce this phase transition. Heating has a similar effect on both superfluid phases.
SFA-SPA: a suffix array based short peptide assembler for metagenomic data

UNLABELLED The determination of protein sequences from a metagenomic dataset enables the study of metabolism and functional roles of the organisms that are present in the sampled microbial community. We had previously introduced algorithm and software for the accurate reconstruction of protein sequences from short peptides identified on nucleotide reads in a metagenomic dataset. Here, we present significant computational improvements to the short peptide assembly algorithm that make it practical to reconstruct proteins from large metagenomic datasets containing several hundred million reads, while maintaining accuracy. The improved computational efficiency is achieved using a suffix array data structure that allows for fast querying during the assembly process, and a significant redesign of assembly steps that enables multi-threaded execution. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The program is available under the GPLv3 license from sourceforge.net/projects/spa-assembler.
Evidence for locus heterogeneity in autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Abstract Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a diagnostic classification encompassing a broad group of proximal myopathies. A gene for the dominant form of LGMD (LGMD1A) has recently been localized to a 7-cM region of chromosome 5q between D5S178 and IL9. We studied three additional dominant LGMD families for linkage to these two markers and excluded all from localization to this region, providing evidence for locus heterogeneity within the dominant form of LGMD. Although the patterns of muscle weakness were similar in all families studied, the majority of affected family members in the chromosome 5–linked pedigree have a dysarthric speech pattern, which is not present in any of the five unlinked families. The demonstration of heterogeneity within autosomal dominant LGMD is the first step in attempting to subclassify these families with similar clinical phenotypes on a molecular level.
Introduction of Non-Native Oysters: Ecosystem Effects and Restoration Implications

▪ Abstract Oysters have been introduced worldwide to 73 countries, but the ecological consequences of the introductions are not fully understood. Economically, introduced oysters compose a majority of oyster harvests in many areas. Oysters are ecosystem engineers that influence many ecological processes, such as maintenance of biodiversity, population and food web dynamics, and nutrient cycling. Consequently, both their loss, through interaction of overharvest, habitat degradation, disease, poor water quality, and detrimental species interactions, and their gain, through introductions, can cause complex changes in coastal ecosystems. Introductions can greatly enhance oyster population abundance and production, as well as populations of associated native species. However, introduced oysters are also vectors for non-native species, including disease-causing organisms. Thus, substantial population, community, and habitat changes have accompanied new oysters. In contrast, ecosystem-level consequences of oyste...
Dermatoimmunopathology of scabies

Direct immunofluorescence of scabies lesions revealed IgM, IgA, C3, and fibrin in the cornified layer of the epidermis, dermoepidermal junction, and papillary dermal vessels. The granular deposits of IgM and IgG in the dermoepidermal junction had a pattern similar to that found in lupus erythematosus. These findings support a humoral immune response secondary to scabetic infestation.
Displacement of the Posterior Horn of the Lateral Meniscus into Posterolateral Compartment: An Unusual Injury Pattern

We report a case of acute ACL injury with an unusual lateral meniscal tear pattern. The entire posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was avulsed from its attachments while remaining in continuity with the body of the meniscus. It was displaced posteriorly and laterally to the popliteus tendon so that it was not immediately visible at the time of arthroscopy. This type of displacement of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is difficult to identify at arthroscopy and has not previously been described in the literature to our knowledge. We recommend to surgeons who encounter an absent posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to consider this injury pattern.
Effects of secondary forces on the primary antibody-ligand interaction.

Abstract The binding efficiency of high affinity monoclonal antifluorescyl antibody 4-4–20 with the homologous ligand situated in different protein environments has been investigated to quantitate the effect of non-active site secondary factors. To synthesize monofluoresceinated proteins, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate was reacted with a 100-fold molar excess of ribonuclease, lysozyme, lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin. Absorption and emission spectra, as well as fluorescence life-time measurements which yielded discrete components and proteolytic studies suggested that fluorescein was conjugated to a specific lysine residue consistent with a non-random distribution of lysines within each protein population. The derivatized residue was probably a surface moiety based on accessibility analyses with iodide as a dynamic quencher. Dissociation rate analyses indicated that the relative release time of 4-4–20 with each mono-fluoresceinated protein was Fl-RNAse≥Fl-lyso≥FDS>Fl-lact≥Fl-BSA which correlated with changes in free energy of binding. Relative fluorescence quenching measurements of the fluorescein moiety indicated that 4-4–20 showed decreasing quenching in the order FDS>Fl-RNAse>Fl-lyso ≥Fl-lact>Fl-BSA. Because spectral data indicated that fluorescein was conjugated to a specific residue or a non-random distribution of residues in each protein population, the results represented the effect of a single distinct environment or a weighted average of different microenvironments. Results have been interpreted within the theoretical framework of a dynamic antibody model involving conformer selection and the relative effects of primary and secondary interactions.
Pipelined 50 MHz CMOS ASIC for 32 bit binary to residue conversion and residue to binary conversion

A custom CMOS ASIC is designed for a 32 bit binary to residue converter (BRC) to permit residue number system (RNS) operations using 8 moduli with 3 to 5 bit words. A custom ASIC design is also given for the corresponding residue to binary converter (RBC) to convert the 8 RNS moduli words to a unique 32 bit binary number. The result is a complete simulated pipelined design which supports a clock frequency of 50 MHz. These designs are directly applicable to RNS operations for digital signal processing and to direct frequency synthesis. >
No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults

Although there is evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in depression, studies done on the associations have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to examine the associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the presence of depression among US adults. A cross-sectional, population-based sample (including 3916 participants aged ≥ 20 years) from the 2005-6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 diagnostic algorithm. The associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with depression were explored using multivariate logistic regression models. For all the participants, the age-adjusted prevalence was 5.3 (95 % CI 4.3, 6.5) % for having moderate-to-severe depression, 2.3 (95 % CI 1.7, 3.1) % for having major depression and 3.8 (95 % CI 3.0, 4.6) % for having minor depression. Although the age-adjusted prevalence and the unadjusted OR of having moderate-to-severe depression or major depression decreased linearly with increasing quartiles of 25(OH)D (P < 0.05 for trends), no significant associations remained after adjusting for multiple potential confounders such as demographic variables, lifestyle factors and coexistence of a number of chronic conditions. Neither the age-adjusted prevalence nor the OR (unadjusted or adjusted) of having depression differed significantly by the quartiles of PTH. Thus, in contrast to some of the previous findings, the present results did not show significant associations between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH and the presence of moderate-to-severe depression, major depression or minor depression among US adults. However, these findings need to be further confirmed in future studies.
Biphasic responses of equine colonic vessel rings to vasoactive inflammatory mediators

1. The role of endothelium in modulating equine colonic vessel responses to histamine (HST), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), bradykinin (BK) and acetylcholine (ACh) was evaluated in vitro. 2. Segments of mesenteric arteries and veins were collected from the left ventral colon of six adult horses destined for euthanasia for reasons unrelated to cardiovascular or gastrointestinal systems. Vessels were gently cleansed and cut into 4 mm wide rings. 3. Three vessel conditions namely endothelium intact, endothelium removed and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated were used for both arterial and venous rings. Each ring was placed in an organ bath with oxygenated Tyrode's solution. One side of the ring was fixed to the floor of the bath and the other side to a force-displacement transducer interfaced with a polygraph. 4. An initial tension of 2 g was applied to rings which were allowed to equilibrate for 45 min. The bath solution was gently replaced every 15 min and tension was readjusted to 2 g each time except following the last wash. 5. Rings were precontracted with a single EC25 dose of noradrenaline and after the response plateaued, cumulative concentration (10(-12)-10(-4) M) response curves were determined for each agent on separate rings. The relaxation from the precontracted level to the baseline was considered as 100% relaxation. Maximal relaxation and maximal contractions were statistically analyzed. 6. All agents induced a relaxation response initially, followed by a contractile phase as the concentrations increased in both arteries and veins, thus, making a biphasic concentration-response curve. In arteries, relaxation produced by ACh was significantly greater than 5-HT. Endothelium removal and L-NAME treatment significantly reduced relaxation in arteries. Only endothelium removal produced a significant reduction of relaxation in veins. 7. In both arteries and veins, HST and 5-HT produced significantly greater contraction than ACh or BK. No significant change in contraction was observed in arteries either by endothelium removal or L-NAME treatment, however, contraction was significantly reduced in veins by endothelium removal. 8. These findings suggest that the endothelium plays a major role in modulating equine colonic arterial relaxation via nitric oxide and venous contraction via endothelium-derived contractile mediators, probably endothelin and/or arachidonates.
High-affinity T cell receptor differentiates cognate peptide–MHC and altered peptide ligands with distinct kinetics and thermodynamics

Interactions between the T cell receptor and cognate peptide–MHC are crucial initiating events in the adaptive immune response. These binding events are highly specific yet occur with micromolar affinity. Even weaker interactions between TCR and self-pMHC complexes play critical regulatory roles in T cell development, maintenance and coagonist activity. Due to their low-affinity, the kinetics and thermodynamics of such weak interactions are difficult to study. In this work, we used M15, a high-affinity TCR engineered from the 3.L2 TCR system, to study the binding properties, thermodynamics, and specificity of two altered peptide ligands (APLs). Our affinity measurements of the high-affinity TCR support the view that the wild type TCR binds these APLs in the millimolar affinity range, and hence very low affinities can still elicit biological functions. Finally, single methylene differences among the APLs gave rise to strikingly different binding thermodynamics. These minor changes in the pMHC antigen were associated with significant and unpredictable changes in both the entropy and enthalpy of the reaction. As the identical TCR was analyzed with several structurally similar ligands, the distinct thermodynamic binding profiles provide a mechanistic perspective on how exquisite antigen specificity is achieved by the T cell receptor.
Body Mass of Lesser Scaup during Fall and Winter in the Mississippi Flyway

The combined continental breeding population of greater and lesser scaup (Aythya marila and A. affinis, respectively) in North America has declined markedly since the mid-1980s (Afton and Anderson 2001). Annual breeding population estimates have been consistently below the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) goal of 6.3 million scaup (United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service 1986), and the 2005 estimate was 46% below the NAWMP goal and the lowest on record (Wilkins et al. 2005). Afton and Anderson (2001) reported the overall decline in scaup may be driven primarily by reductions in the lesser scaup population. Multiple hypotheses have been posed to address the scaup population decline, which may be influenced by factors operating throughout the annual cycle and range of scaup (Austin et al. 2000, Afton and Anderson 2001). Anteau and Afton (2004) evaluated the spring condition hypothesis and reported nutrient reserves of female lesser scaup at spring stopover areas in the upper Mississippi Flyway and breeding areas in Manitoba, Canada, were lower in 2000 and 2001 than in the 1980s and reported that these nutrient reserves may impact female survival, breeding propensity, and reproductive success. However, body mass dynamics of fall migrating and wintering scaup have not been studied since the 1980s and early 1990s in the Mississippi Flyway, and investigations of body mass and nutrient reserves of lesser scaup are needed throughout the annual cycle and range of the species (Austin et al. 2000). Fall and winter body condition influences survival, physiological and behavioral events, and subsequent reproduction of waterfowl (Dubovsky and Kaminski 1994, Barboza and Jorde 2002). Nutrient reserves acquired from foods consumed on wintering and migrational areas can influence breeding propensity and reproductive performance of geese, some ducks, and other migratory birds (Ankney and MacInnes 1978, Alisauskas and Ankney 1992, Norris 2005), including lesser scaup that use lipids acquired during winter, spring migration, or on breeding areas for clutch formation (Esler et al. 2001). We collected lesser scaup during fall 1999–2000 and winter 2000–2001 from Manitoba, Canada, southward within the Mississippi Flyway to Louisiana, USA. Our objectives were to 1) estimate body mass of lesser scaup and analyze sex-specific variation in mass in relation to location of scaup collection, age, body morphometrics, and date of collection, and 2) compare our contemporary estimates of scaup mass to those from previous studies conducted at similar locations.
Low-frequency VLA observations of jupiter

Abstract We present the first images and measurement of flux density of Jupiter at a frequency of 74 MHz, obtained with the Very Large Array in September 1998. We observed simultaneously at frequencies of 74 and 330 MHz. We compare our data with observations taken during the same time at other frequencies (presented by de Pater and 13 others, 2003 , Icarus 163, 434–448) and show that the spectrum of Jupiter appears to flatten, or perhaps turn over, at lower frequencies.
High-power tests of a single-cell copper accelerating cavity driven by two input couplers

High-power tests were conducted on a 350-MHz, single-cell copper accelerating cavity driven simultaneously by two H-loop input couplers for the purpose of determining the reliability, performance, and power-handling capability of the cavity and related components, which have routinely operated at 100-kW power levels. The test was carried out utilizing the APS 350-MHz RF Test Stand [1], which was modified to split the input rf power into two frac12-power feeds, each supplying power to a separate H-loop coupler on the cavity. Electromagnetic simulations of the two-coupler feed system were used to determine coupler match, peak cavity fields, and the effect of phasing errors between the coupler feed lines. The test was conducted up to a maximum total rf input power of 164-kW CW. Test apparatus details and performance data will be presented.
Heterogeneous Programmable Logic Block Architectures

In this poster,we propose four new heterogeneous programmable logic blocks (PLBs) consisting of a combination of various sizes of look up tables (LUTs), multiplexers (MUXes), and logic gates. We demonstrate that these PLBs offer significant performance and density benefits over more homogeneous PLBs.