cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perioperative cognitive protection

Abstract There is significant evidence that many older surgical patients experience at least a transient decrease in cognitive function. Although there is still equipoise regarding the degree, duration, and mechanism of cognitive dysfunction, there is a concurrent need to provide best-practice clinical evidence. The two major cognitive disorders seen after surgery are postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Delirium is a public health problem; millions of dollars are spent annually on delirium-related medical resource use and prolonged hospital stays. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a research construct that historically signifies decline in performance on a neuropsychiatric test or group of tests and begins days to weeks after surgery. This review focuses on the current state of information gathered by several interdisciplinary stakeholder groups. Although there is still a need for high-level evidence to guide clinical practice, there is an emerging literature that can guide practitioners.
Androgen Receptor in Health and Disease

Testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone acting through the androgen receptor (AR), direct virilization of the male fetus during embryogenesis, and development of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics during puberty. During adulthood, the AR signaling pathway is involved in maintaining the adult male phenotype, male reproduction, and functions of tissues such as bone and muscle.
Anti-VEGF AAV2 injections: The fewer the better

A single intravitreal injection of AAV2 provides sustained delivery of anti-VEGF protein for the treatment of neovascular AMD.
Bone Remodeling and the Microbiome

Exposed surfaces of mammals are colonized with 100 trillion indigenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, creating a diverse ecosystem known as the microbiome. The gastrointestinal tract harbors the greatest numbers of these microorganisms, which regulate human nutrition, metabolism, and immune system function. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota contains pro- and anti-inflammatory products that modulate immune responses and may play a role in maintaining gut barrier function. Therefore, the community composition of the microbiota has profound effects on the immune status of the host and impacts the development and/or progression of inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, numerous studies have shown differences in the microbiota of patients with and without a given inflammatory condition. There is now strong evidence that the gut microbiome regulates bone homeostasis in health and disease, and that prebiotic and probiotics protect against bone loss. Herein, the evidence supporting the role of the microbiota and the effects of prebiotic and probiotics will be reviewed.
The Pathway to a Universal Influenza Vaccine

Development of a universal influenza vaccine is a research priority for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health. To facilitate this goal, we convened a workshop in Rockville, Maryland to identify knowledge gaps in influenza research and develop strategies to fill them.
Realizing an elastic memcached via cached data migration: poster

Cloud computing has enabled economical resources, such as storage and VMs, that allow applications to be hosted online at low cost. The pay-as-you-go model in the cloud also enables elasticity. However, some stateful services like memory caches are not amenable to elasticity. Designing such services to be elastic requires careful consideration of the data saved on each VM while scaling in.
In-Hospital Acute Kidney Injury After TKA Revision With Placement of an Antibiotic Cement Spacer.

Abstract Background There is mounting evidence that treatment of periprosthetic joint infection of the knee with an antibiotic cement spacer (ACS) may increase risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). We sought to determine the incidence, as well as potential risk factors, of in-hospital AKI in this cohort. Methods We retrospectively identified 75 patients that received either a static or articulating ACS at a single institution. In-hospital AKI was defined by a more than 50% rise in serum creatinine from preoperative baseline to at least 1.4 mg/dL. Our secondary outcome was percent change in creatinine from preoperative to peak postoperative value. Variables were analyzed for the outcome of AKI with univariate logistic regression. A final multivariate model for percent change in creatinine was formed while controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and baseline creatinine. Results The incidence of AKI was 14.6%, occurring at a mean of 6.3 days (2-8 days). A lower preoperative hemoglobin (odds ratio = 1.82, P = .015) significantly increased risk for AKI on univariate analysis. Diagnosis of either hypertension or diabetes also showed a strong statistical trend (P = .056). On multivariate regression, lower preoperative hemoglobin significantly correlated with a greater percent rise in creatinine postoperatively (β = 0.30, P = .015). Conclusion The incidence of AKI in patients who receive ACS is relatively high, raising clinical concern in the care of periprosthetic joint infection patients. Our results suggest that a lower baseline hemoglobin may be involved in the etiology of AKI in this population. Therefore, it may be clinically appropriate to monitor anemic patients for AKI when implanting an ACS.
Eavesdropping on the Arctic: Automated bioacoustics reveal dynamics in songbird breeding phenology

Bioacoustic networks could vastly expand the coverage of wildlife monitoring to complement satellite observations of climate and vegetation. This approach would enable global-scale understanding of how climate change influences phenomena such as migratory timing of avian species. The enormous data sets that autonomous recorders typically generate demand automated analyses that remain largely undeveloped. We devised automated signal processing and machine learning approaches to estimate dates on which songbird communities arrived at arctic breeding grounds. Acoustically estimated dates agreed well with those determined via traditional surveys and were strongly related to the landscape's snow-free dates. We found that environmental conditions heavily influenced daily variation in songbird vocal activity, especially before egg laying. Our novel approaches demonstrate that variation in avian migratory arrival can be detected autonomously. Large-scale deployment of this innovation in wildlife monitoring would enable the coverage necessary to assess and forecast changes in bird migration in the face of climate change.
On a Property of the Quantization Map for the Coadjoint Orbits of Connected Lie Groups

Let M be a differentiable manifold, \(L\;\mathop \to \limits^p \;M\) a complex line bundle and ∇ a linear connection on L. Its curvature form gives rise to a closed 2-form on M. Conversely, ω ∈ Z 2(M) arises in the said fashion, if it is of an integral de Rham class. Below we assume, that ω is also real and nondegenerate. We consider the totality e(M) of all smooth functions on M as a Lie algebra with respect to the Poisson bracket { , }. Following B. Kostant (cf.[2]), we can canonically associate with the said data a morphism δ of e(M), called the prequantization map, in the Lie algebra of endomorphisms of all smooth sections e(L) by setting $$\delta (\varphi ) = {X_\varphi } - 2\pi i\varphi \;{\rm{ (}}\varphi \in \varepsilon ({\rm M}){\rm{)}}$$ where the Hamiltonian vector field X ϕ is defined by dϕ = −ι(X ϕ)ω. — Given an integrable Lagrangean distribution H on M, we write VH(M) for the Lie algebra of vector fields with values in H. We call a section polarized, if it is annihilated by all ∇ X (X ∈ V H (M)), and shall write e0(L) for their totality. Let e0 be the collection of all elements of e(M), which satisfy Xϕ ≡ 0 (ϕ ∈ e(M), X ∈ V H (M)). e0 is a maximal abelian subalgebra of e(M); we denote its normalizer by e1. Then the image of e1 via δ leaves e0(L) invariant. The restriction of δ to e1 and e0(L) is the quantization map.
HIV behavioral surveillance among the U.S. general population.

SYNOPSIS HIV behavioral surveillance in the United States is conducted among three groups: infected populations, high-risk populations, and the general population. We describe the general population component of the overall U.S. HIV behavioral surveillance program and identify priority analyses. This component comprises several data systems (ongoing, systematic, population-based surveys) through which data on risk behaviors and HIV testing are collected, analyzed, and disseminated. Multiple data systems are needed to balance differences in scope and purpose, as well as strengths and weaknesses of the sampling frames, mode of administration, and frequency of data collection. In a concentrated epidemic, such as in the United States, general population data play a small but important role in monitoring the potential spread of infection more broadly, particularly given increases in HIV transmission through heterosexual contact.
Effect of pulse column variables on bubble diameter

ill INTRODUCTION 1 INVESTIGATION 14 Equipment 14 Concentration Measurement 1? Holdup Measurement 19 Bubble Measurement 22 Flow Techniques 26 Pulse Characteristics Measurement 2? SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION 29 RESULTS 34 Bubble Size at Incipient Flooding 34 Bubble Size under Recycle Conditions 4l DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 57 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6l ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 64 LITERATURE CITED 65
The Discontinuous World Economy

Broadly two views of the impact of international trade on economic relations between nations have competed for acceptance. The standard Heckscher-Ohlin- Samuelson model, building on the comparative advantage foundation of Ricar- do, suggests that freer trade will lead to gains for all countries involved and a tendency to convergence in income and living standards. This last result is asserted in its strongest form in Samuelson’s (1948,1949) factor-price equalization theorem. For two countries, two homogeneous factors, and two commodities, producible by linearly homogeneous production functions exhibiting diminishing marginal productivity, and with both countries producing some of both goods competitively without transport costs or trade restrictions, then factor prices will be equalized across both countries.
High-fidelity controlled- σ Z gate for resonator-based superconducting quantum computers

A possible building block for a scalable quantum computer has recently been demonstrated [Mariantoni et al., Science 334, 61 (2011)]. This architecture consists of superconducting qubits capacitively coupled both to individual memory resonators as well as a common bus. In this work we study a natural primitive entangling gate for this and related resonator-based architectures, which consists of a controlled-${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{z}$ (cz) operation between a qubit and the bus. The cz gate is implemented with the aid of the noncomputational qubit $|2\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state [Strauch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 167005 (2003)]. Assuming phase or transmon qubits with 300 MHz anharmonicity, we show that by using only low frequency qubit-bias control it is possible to implement the qubit-bus cz gate with 99.9$%$ (99.99$%$) fidelity in about $17\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ ($23\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$) with a realistic two-parameter pulse profile, plus two auxiliary $z$ rotations. The fidelity measure we refer to here is a state-averaged intrinsic process fidelity, which does not include any effects of noise or decoherence. These results apply to a multiqubit device that includes strongly coupled memory resonators. We investigate the performance of the qubit-bus cz gate as a function of qubit anharmonicity, identify the dominant intrinsic error mechanism and derive an associated fidelity estimator, quantify the pulse shape sensitivity and precision requirements, simulate qubit-qubit cz gates that are mediated by the bus resonator, and also attempt a global optimization of system parameters including resonator frequencies and couplings. Our results are relevant for a wide range of superconducting hardware designs that incorporate resonators and suggest that it should be possible to demonstrate a $99.9%$ cz gate with existing transmon qubits, which would constitute an important step towards the development of an error-corrected superconducting quantum computer.
Switching and the Regulation of Gene Transcription in Candida Albicans

Candida albicans strain WO-1 switches between a white and an opaque colony forming unit in the white-opaque transition. We have cloned and sequenced two opaque-specific cDNAs, one white-specific cDNA and their respective genes, and we have examined how they are regulated during mass conversion from opaque to white. Two of the three genes have been identified by homology to other known genes. One encodes a pepsinogen and the other a potential lipid carrier involved in cell shape. Coordinate regulation, positions on different chromosomes and the absence of DNA reorganization suggest that these genes are not the primary sites of the switch event and that they are regulated by transacting factors, regulated by the switch mechanism.
Inhibitory Mg-ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes bound to catalytic sites of F(1)-ATPases: are they ground-state or transition-state analogs?

Schemes are proposed for coupling sequential opening and closing the three catalytic sites of F1 to rotation of the γ subunit during ATP synthesis and hydrolysis catalyzed by the FoF1-ATP synthase. A prominent feature of the proposed mechanisms is that the transition state during ATP synthesis is formed when a catalytic site is in the process of closing and that the transition state during ATP hydrolysis is formed when a catalytic site is in the process of opening. The unusual kinetics of formation of Mg-ADP—fluoroaluminate complexes in one or two catalytic sites of nucleotide-depleted MF1 and wild-type and mutant α3β3γ subcomplexes of TF1 are also reviewed. From these considerations, it is concluded that Mg-ADP—fluoroaluminate complexes formed at catalytic sites of isolated F1-ATPases or F1 in membrane-bound FoF1 are ground-state analogs.
Chapter 13 – Insect Resistance Management: Adoption and Compliance

This chapter discusses aspects of human behavior that affect the evolution and management of insect resistance and shows how a better understanding of this behavior can be used to improve insect resistance management. Individual farmers treat insect resistance as a common property problem, which means they do not have the incentive to manage it appropriately from a societal perspective. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the problem from a public policy perspective. From this perspective, government regulators or stakeholder groups are interested in formulating and implementing policies in order to promote pest-management practices that provide a greater benefit to society. Since pest-management decisions are ultimately made by farmers, the regulator or stakeholder group can only influence resistance management indirectly. This creates what is referred to as a principal-agent problem. The two major behaviors relevant to this problem are technology adoption and compliance with regulations.
Correction to: Integrating Regional Management Needs into a Mid-Atlantic Shorelines Research Project

The article Integrating Regional Management Needs into a Mid-Atlantic Shorelines Research Project, written by Elizabeth Turner and Thomas Jordan, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 12 June 2017 without open access.
The impact of Daratumumab on transfusion service costs.

BACKGROUND Daratumumab (DARA) is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed against CD38, approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. As CD38 is expressed on RBCs, DARA can interfere with pretransfusion testing. DARA interference can be negated by denaturation of CD38 on RBCs with dithiothreitol (DTT) reagents. Because of this interference in pretransfusion testing, our hospital implemented a notification and testing/transfusion algorithm (NATTA) for pretransfusion testing and RBC product provision for DARA patients. This standardized approach combines DTT-based testing with selective genotyping and the provision of phenotypically similar RBCs for patients with clinically significant antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated pretransfusion test results and transfusion requirements for 91 DARA patients in an academic medical center over 1 year to determine the incremental cost of pretransfusion testing and RBC selection. The actual costs for the NATTA approach were compared to a theoretical approach using universal genotyping with a provision of phenotypically similar RBC transfusions. RESULTS The annual cost of testing related to DARA after NATTA implementation was $535.76 per patient. The simulated annual cost for the alternative genotyping with provision of phenotypically similar RBC transfusions approach was $934.83 per patient. CONCLUSION In our entire cohort of DARA patients, a DTT-based testing algorithm with selective genotyping and provision of phenotypically similar RBCs only for patients with clinically significant antibodies was less expensive than a simulated model of universal genotyping and provision of phenotypically similar RBCs.
Does prolonged exposure increase suicide risk? Results from an active duty military sample.

Abstract The efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) on suicide ideation (SI) as a secondary outcome among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of PE in two formats (spaced, S-PE, 10 sessions over 8 weeks, and massed, M-PE, 10 sessions over 2 weeks) to Present Centered Therapy (PCT) and minimal contact control (MCC) on SI exacerbation among patients without suicide intent or plans. Active duty military personnel (n = 335) were randomized to: (1) S-PE vs. PCT and (2) M-PE vs. MCC. All participants completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Beck Depression Inventory (Suicide item) at baseline, posttreatment, and follow-ups. S-PE and PCT had significant and comparable reductions in SI during treatment. M-PE had significantly steeper reductions in SI during treatment compared to MCC. Specifically, more participants in M-PE compared to MCC had reliable improvement versus reliable exacerbation. Reduction in PTSD symptoms was significantly associated with reduction of SI. PE was associated with significant reductions in SI over time that were comparable to PCT and superior to MCC. These findings suggest that both trauma- and non-trauma-focused treatments are associated with reductions in SI, and that trauma-focused treatments improve SI relative to waitlist.
Dynamic interactions between plant viruses and their hosts for symptom development

As obligate intracellular parasites, plant viruses catalyze drastic alterations in the cellular physiology of host cells in order to support their own replication. This disruption often, but not always, manifests macroscopically as disease symptoms. The search for what distinguishes symptom-inducing virus strains from their asymptomatic counterparts has long been a central component of plant virology research. A consistent through line has been the conclusion that symptoms arise from specific interactions between viral and host components. The identification of viral components responsible for symptom development (i.e. viral symptom determinants) followed by the identification and characterization of interactions with host components has led to concrete mechanistic linkages between the viral and host interactants for some symptoms. The rise of systems biology approaches (e.g. transcriptomics and proteomics) has allowed host responses to be described in greater detail, providing a broad view of the molecular events of plant virus infections. Here, we review the most recent literature describing plant virus symptom determinants. This includes studies detailing specific virus-host interactions which lead to symptom development, as well as those which utilize systems biology approaches such as transcriptomics to probe the molecular changes underlying the development of virus symptoms. Emerging trends, and how they might inform the future of plant virus symptomatology research, are discussed.
Peptides for elucidating the signal tranduction pathways of CTLA-4 and CD28

CTLA-4, transiently expressed on the surface of activated T-cells, binds to antigen presenting cell ligands B7.1 and B7.2 with 100 fold higher affinity than it's competitive receptor, CD28. CD28 promotes T-cell activation upon such binding, however, CTLA-4 bound to B7 ligands potently down regulates cytokine production. Upon binding of B7 to either CTLA-4 or CD28, intracellular signal transduction commences via their cytoplasmic tails. The cascade of proteins binding to these cytoplasmic tails and their signal transduction paths are poorly understood beyond initial recruitment of known signal transduction initiators. Peptides, incorporating a biotin tag, emulating these tails were synthesized as monomeric and dimeric constructs varying in states of phosphorylation. These peptides demonstrate functionality by binding to PI3-kinase and SHP-2 phosphatase, which are known to initially bind to these cytoplasmic tails and thought to be initiators of the signal transduction cascades [1]. Peptide characterizations, as demonstrated by Western blotting analysis, show appropriate functionality.
Chromatin Environment and Cellular Context Specify Compensatory Activity of Paralogous MEF2 Transcription Factors

Compensation among paralogous transcription factors (TFs) confers genetic robustness of cellular processes, but how TFs dynamically respond to paralog depletion on a genome-wide scale in vivo remains incompletely understood. Using single and double conditional knockout of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family TFs in granule neurons of the mouse cerebellum, we find that MEF2A and MEF2D play functionally redundant roles in cerebellar-dependent motor learning. Although both TFs are highly expressed in granule neurons, transcriptomic analyses show MEF2D is the predominant genomic regulator of gene expression in vivo. Strikingly, genome-wide occupancy analyses reveal upon depletion of MEF2D, MEF2A occupancy robustly increases at a subset of sites normally bound to MEF2D. Importantly, sites experiencing compensatory MEF2A occupancy are concentrated within open chromatin and undergo functional compensation for genomic activation and gene expression. Finally, motor activity induces a switch from non-compensatory to compensatory MEF2-dependent gene regulation. These studies uncover genome-wide functional interdependency between paralogous TFs in the brain.
Accelerating PDE-constrained Inverse Solutions with Deep Learning and Reduced Order Models.

Inverse problems are pervasive mathematical methods in inferring knowledge from observational and experimental data by leveraging simulations and models. Unlike direct inference methods, inverse problem approaches typically require many forward model solves usually governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). This a crucial bottleneck in determining the feasibility of such methods. While machine learning (ML) methods, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), can be employed to learn nonlinear forward models, designing a network architecture that preserves accuracy while generalizing to new parameter regimes is a daunting task. Furthermore, due to the computation-expensive nature of forward models, state-of-the-art black-box ML methods would require an unrealistic amount of work in order to obtain an accurate surrogate model. On the other hand, standard Reduced-Order Models (ROMs) accurately capture supposedly important physics of the forward model in the reduced subspaces, but otherwise could be inaccurate elsewhere. In this paper, we propose to enlarge the validity of ROMs and hence improve the accuracy outside the reduced subspaces by incorporating a data-driven ML technique. In particular, we focus on a goal-oriented approach that substantially improves the accuracy of reduced models by learning the error between the forward model and the ROM outputs. Once an ML-enhanced ROM is constructed it can accelerate the performance of solving many-query problems in parametrized forward and inverse problems. Numerical results for inverse problems governed by elliptic PDEs and parametrized neutron transport equations will be presented to support our approach.
Experimental Research on Enhanced Denitrification by Biological Agents

Biological agents play a significant role in sewage treatment, with good removal effect, low sludge yield, good performance, and shorten the system start-up time, impact load resistance and stability enhancement.This paper describes the characteristics ofbiological agents and the effect of biological agents on wastewater denitrification was investigated through experiments, so as to provide effective basis support for the wide application of biological agents in the field of urban sewage treatment.The experiment showed that through reasonable addition of biological agents,the removal rates of COD,NH3 -N and TNinlowpollutantsewage treatmentwere increased by 41%, 15% and 62% respectively.
Comparison of physical activity as an obesity-related behavior between immigrants and native-born US adults

Non-communicable diseases and chronic conditions such as obesity constitute significant public health issues in the United States (US) and globally. A major proximal determinant of obesity is physical activity, and related behavior. Limited data however exists comparing physical activity levels of US immigrants with those of native-born adults. This study aimed to compare US immigrants and native-born adults regarding associations of physical activity behavior and obesity. We analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Outcomes of interest were various indicators of physical activity. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized in describing demographics, weight distribution, and associations between variables of interest. A total of 3,185 individuals participated in the survey. Male to female ratio was 1.6 and 17% of the participants were immigrants. The mean age was 51 years (SD ± 15) for immigrants and 55 years (SD ± 16) for native-born respondents. Among immigrants, the racial distribution was 55.3% Hispanic, 18.9% Asian, 14.7% White, 9.9% Black, and 1.3% other races. Immigrants were less likely than non-immigrants to spend 6 h or more a day on sedentary leisure activities (adjusted OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42–0.97; p = 0.0350). Also, immigrants were more likely than non-immigrants to engage in physical activity of at least moderate intensity, at least once a week (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07–2.05; p = 0.0192). Compared to native-born adults, US immigrants appear to have healthier lifestyles regarding physical activity behavior. Strategies to sustain such tendencies among immigrants will promote health and reduce overall risks of obesity and other chronic diseases in the US. Researchers, practitioners and policy makers should develop targeted strategies and focus attention on keeping immigrants in the loop of positive health behavior, while encouraging US adults to engage in more physical activity. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of various socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors that impact proximal determinants of obesity.
Energy Levels of Np 237 Populated by the Beta Decay of U 237

A spectroscopic investigation has been made of the radiations from ${\mathrm{U}}^{237}$ with magnetic 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} spectrographs and a double-focusing spectrometer, and with scintillation and coincidence spectrometers. Energy levels are identified at 0, 33.20, 59.57, 103.0, 267.5, 332.3, 368.5, and 370.9 kev, and spin and parity assignments are given for all the levels from the gamma-ray multipolarity and beta-decay information. Conversion-coefficient information is presented, and an anomaly in the electric-dipole conversion coefficients is discussed. A new rotational band with $K=\frac{1}{2}$ is postulated, with base state at 332.3 kev.Correlations of the data with various aspects of the Bohr-Mottelson nuclear model are made, in the following categories: (1) energy-level spacings and moments of inertia; (2) gamma-ray relative intensities and the $K$-selection rules and branching-ratio rules; (3) correlations of spins and parities with the Nilsson numbers ($N, {n}_{z}, \ensuremath{\Lambda}$) of these states; (4) correlation of beta and gamma lifetimes with selection rules in the asymptotic quantum numbers.
Highly Localized Defect Mode in Polymer-Based THz Photonic Crystals Fabricated Using Stereolithography

A polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect mode was demonstrated for the terahertz frequency range. The photonic crystal was designed to achieve a photonic bandgap centered around 100 GHz with a narrow defect mode at the center frequency. The defect mode allowed a narrow band transmission at the center of photonic bandgap, while the transmitted signal was suppressed in the rest of the bandgap. The photonic crystal incorporated two identical sets of alternating compact and low-density layer pairs symmetrically enclosing a defect layer. The compact layers consisted entirely of polymethacrylate with no intentional internal structures, while the low-density layers were composed of sub-wavelength-sized columns. The columnar structures had a volumetric fraction selected to provide a desired index contrast between the adjacent layers. The photonic crystal samples were fabricated in a single-step stereolithography using a commercial system. THz transmission spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the optical response of the sample in a range from 82 to 125 GHz. Stratified optical layer model calculations were used to evaluate the transmission data. A distinct photonic bandgap with a defect mode centered at 99 GHz was observed in the experimental transmission spectra. A good agreement between the relevant model parameters and the corresponding design parameters was found.
Safety and feasibility of the Woven EndoBridge device deployment with monitored anesthesia care

ObjectiveThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device can be used for complex intracranial aneurysms (IAs), mostly under general anesthesia (GA). However, it remains controversial if anesthetic management cou...
Numerical Integration in Multiple Dimensions

Galerkin methods require the evaluation of integrals of the type $$\displaystyle A=\int _{\varOmega } f(\mathbf {x}) d\varOmega \, \, \mathrm {and} \, \, B=\int _{\varGamma } f(\mathbf {x}) d\varGamma $$ where Ω is the domain that we wish to integrate within and Γ are its boundaries. We saw in Chs. 5 and 6 that, in one dimension, A is a line integral while B denotes a jump value. In two dimensions, A is an area integral while B is a line integral. Finally, in three dimensions, A is a volume integral and B is a surface area integral. For brevity we always refer to A as a volume integral and B as either a boundary or flux integral.
Age-determined expression of priming protease TMPRSS2 and localization of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelium.

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus global pandemic (COVID-19) has led to millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths around the globe. While the elderly appear at high risk for severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 among children have been relatively rare. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the developing mouse lung with temporally-resolved RNA-in-situ hybridization (ISH) in mouse and human lung tissue, we found that expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein primer TMPRSS2 was highest in ciliated cells and type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1), and TMPRSS2 expression was increased with aging in mice and humans. Analysis of autopsy tissue from fatal COVID-19 cases revealed SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected most frequently in ciliated and secretory cells in the airway epithelium and AT1 cells in the peripheral lung. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was highly colocalized in cells expressing TMPRSS2. Together, these data demonstrate the cellular spectrum infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the lung epithelium, and suggest that developmental regulation of TMPRSS2 may underlie the relative protection of infants and children from severe respiratory illness.
The effect of peer review on the improvement of rejected manuscripts

Peer review is intended to improve the quality and clarity of scientific reports. Upon rejection, authors receive suggestions from knowledgeable field experts. It is unclear whether authors take fu...
Association of mushroom consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among American adults: prospective cohort study findings from NHANES III

Whether mushroom consumption, which is rich in several bioactive compounds, including the crucial antioxidants ergothioneine and glutathione, is inversely associated with low all-cause and cause-specific mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between mushroom consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. Longitudinal analyses of participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) extant data (1988–1994). Mushroom intake was assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall using the US Department of Agriculture food codes for recipe foods. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were assessed in all participants linked to the National Death Index mortality data (1988–2015). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Among 15,546 participants included in the current analysis, the mean (SE) age was 44.3 (0.5) years. During a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 19.5 (7.4) years , a total of 5826 deaths were documented. Participants who reported consuming mushrooms had lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with those without mushroom intake (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73–0.98) after adjusting for demographic, major lifestyle factors, overall diet quality, and other dietary factors including total energy. When cause-specific mortality was examined, we did not observe any statistically significant associations with mushroom consumption. Consuming 1-serving of mushrooms per day instead of 1-serving of processed or red meats was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50–0.84). We also observed a dose-response relationship between higher mushroom consumption and lower risk of all-cause mortality (P-trend = 0.03). Mushroom consumption was associated with a lower risk of total mortality in this nationally representative sample of US adults.
Multielectrode Cortical Stimulation Selectively Induces Unidirectional Wave Propagation

ABSTRACT Cortical stimulation is emerging as an experimental tool in basic research and a promising therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. As multielectrode arrays enter clinical practice, the possibility of using spatiotemporal patterns of electrical stimulation to induce desired physiological patterns has become theoretically possible, but in practice can only be implemented by trial-and-error because of a lack of predictive models. Experimental evidence increasingly establishes travelling waves as fundamental to cortical information-processing, but we lack understanding how to control wave properties despite rapidly improving technologies. This study uses a hybrid biophysical-anatomical and neural-computational model to predict and understand how a simple pattern of cortical surface stimulation could induce directional traveling waves via asymmetric activation of inhibitory interneurons. It reveals local circuit mechanisms to control spatiotemporal cortical dynamics and predicts interventions that can be developed to treat a broad range of cognitive disorders.
Matzko, Paul The Radio Right: How a Band of Broadcasters Took on the Federal Government and Built the Modern Conservative Movement: New York: Oxford University Press, 304 pp., $34.95, ISBN 978-0190073220, Publication Date: June 2020

Recent scholarly attention has explored the roots and flourishing branches of American conservatism in all its varieties, both religious and political. Casting an eye back to the 1960s, Paul Matzko...
Small Molecule Sequestration of the Intrinsically Disordered Protein, p27Kip1, Within Soluble Oligomers

Abstract Proteins that exhibit intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are prevalent in the human proteome and perform diverse biological functions, including signaling and regulation. Due to these important roles, misregulation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is associated with myriad human diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. The inherent flexibility of IDPs limits the applicability of the traditional structure-based drug design paradigm; therefore, IDPs have long been considered “undruggable”. Using NMR spectroscopy and other methods, we previously discovered small, drug-like molecules that bind specifically, albeit weakly, to dynamic clusters of aromatic residues within p27Kip1 (p27), an archetypal disordered protein involved in cell cycle regulation. Here, using synthetic chemistry, NMR spectroscopy and other biophysical methods, we discovered elaborated analogs of our previously reported molecules with 30-fold increased affinity for p27 (apparent Kd = 57 ± 19 μM). Strikingly, using analytical ultracentrifugation methods, we showed that the highest affinity compounds caused p27 to form soluble, disordered oligomers. Based on these observations, we propose that sequestration within soluble oligomers may represent a general strategy for therapeutically targeting disease-associated IDPs in the future.
Information-Seeking Behaviors of Medical Faculty at a Qatar Academic Medical Institution.

Medical faculty are among the most important user groups at any academic medical library. Knowing how medical faculty identify, access, and use information is important for collection development a...
Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c.1770–1850

As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolutions, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more tightly than before. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic.
Compact digital holographic memory using blue diode laser

Recent technical progress in developing a compact digital holographic memory system is presented. Due to rapid advancement in data input and output devices, electro-optic beam steering technology, and diode laser source, a compact holographic memory brassboard for digital data storage has been integrated. The system consists of a 1 Meg pixel binary spatial light modulator, an E-O beam steering mirror, a CMOS photo sensor, a LiNbO3 photorefractive crystal, and a blue laser source. The system architecture and experimental test data were discussed. An overview of the holographic data storage technology was also discussed
Partial sequence analysis of ribosomal RNA from HeLa cells: I. Oligonucleotide pattern of 28 s and 18 s RNA after pancreatic ribonuclease digestion

Abstract Highly purified 28 and 18 s ribosomal RNA have been prepared from HeLa cells and subjected to partial sequence analysis. The ratio of 28 to 18 s RNA, determined in material extracted by phenol from total cells or from the ribosome-polysome fraction and fractionated by repeated cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation, was found to be about 2.5; a very similar figure (about 2.6) was obtained for the ratio of the two RNA components associated with the isolated ribosomal subunits. This finding, and the fact that the observed ratio is substantially equal to that expected on the basis of the molecular weights of the two RNA species (by assuming equimolar amounts of them), argue against any appreciable conversion of one component to the other during extraction. The distribution of nucleotide sequences released by pancreatic RNase digestion has been analyzed in the two rRNA components. In both RNA species, the observed frequency of sequences has shown only a rough agreement with that expected on the basis of random distribution of bases: significant discrepancies from random distribution have been found in several sequences, without any obvious pattern of regularity. Highly significant differences in the frequency of almost all sequences released by RNase digestion have been demonstrated to occur between 28 and 18 s RNA. In both species of ribosomal RNA, the presence of appreciable amounts of pseudouridylic acid has been demonstrated. The analysis of the distribution of this minor component among various RNase digestion products has shown considerable deviations from a constant frequency of sequences containing pseudouridine relative to that of the homologous sequences containing uridine; this finding agrees with the idea of a conversion of uridine to pseudouridine after the assembly of the polynucleotide chain.
Iron, dicarbonylhydro[(1,2,3,3a,7a‐η)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1H‐inden‐1‐yl]‐

[243866-64-0] C17H28FeO3Si2 (MW 392.42) InChI = 1S/C15H27OSi2.2CO.Fe.H/c1-17(2,3)14-11-9-7-8-10-12(11)15(13(14)16)18(4,5)6;2*1-2;;/h16H,7-10H2,1-6H3;;;; InChIKey = RJTMTNHNKGCJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a catalyst for hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones, Oppenauer-type oxidation of alcohols, and reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones; when mixed with a chiral Bronsted acid, serves as a catalyst for enantioselective hydrogenation of imines; a precursor to a cyclopentadienone compound) Alternative Name: Knolker's complex. Physical Data: a yellow powder when freshly prepared; turns to pinkish when exposed to light for more than 1 h. Solubility: soluble in benzene, toluene, THF, diethyl ether, and CH2Cl2; insoluble in water. Preparative Methods: stirring a biphasic mixture of a THF solution of {2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-[(CH2)4](η4-C4CO)}Fe(CO)3 (a cyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl complex) and a 1 M aqueous solution of NaOH under an inert atmosphere for 2.5 h, followed by acidification with H3PO4 (85 wt. % in water).1 To minimize decomposition by light, aluminum foil should be used to cover the flask throughout the reaction and workup stages. Alternatively, Knolker's complex can be generated in situ by treating the cyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl complex with Me3NO in the presence of a hydrogen donor (H2, alcohols, or HCO2H/Et3N), or with K2CO3 and water. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: decomposes upon exposure to the air, and should be handled under an inert atmosphere; compatible with water and nonoxidizing acids; incompatible with alkyl iodides and CHCl3; slowly decomposes in the presence of ambient fluorescent lighting; its toluene solution decomposes significantly when heated at 60 °C for more than 1 h. For prolonged storage, it is recommended to keep the solid sample in an amber vial and place it in a glove box freezer (−30 °C).2
Shared Medical Appointments for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are an increasingly used system-redesign strategy for improving access to and quality of chronic illness care. We conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on SMA interventions for patients with diabetes in order to understand their impact on outcomes.
The Classical Theory of Zeta and L-Functions

This expository paper is devoted to basic facts about Zeta and L-functions, following to some extent the historical development of the subject.
Analysis of the Driving Forces for Multiple Cracks in an Infinite Nonhomogeneous Plate, Part I: Theoretical Analysis

A general methodology is constructed for the fundamental solution of an arbitrarily oriented crack embedded in an infinite nonhomogeneous plate in which the shear modulus varies exponentially with one coordinate. The stress is evaluated as a summation of two states of stresses; one is associated with a local coordinate system in an infinite plate, while the other is associated with the boundaries of finite plate defined in a structural coordinate system. The fundamental solution is used to generate stress intensity factors and strain energy release rates for fully interactive multiple crack problems. Part I of this paper focuses on the analytical development of the solution. In Part II, the numerical technique used in solving singular integral equations obtained in Part I is presented, along with a parametric study.
Local control, survival, and operative morbidity and mortality after re-resection, and intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent or persistent primary high-risk neuroblastoma.

Abstract Background/Purpose Patients with locally recurrent or persistent high-risk neuroblastoma are difficult to treat. We describe our experience using intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) after re-resection in this high-risk population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 44 consecutive patients who received IORT at our institution between April 2000 and September 2009 after gross total resection of recurrent/persistent tumor. Specifically, we evaluated local recurrence rates, complications, and overall survival. Results The median age at diagnosis was 41.5 months. Median follow-up after IORT was 10.5 months. Each patient received prior chemotherapy and surgery, while 94.5% had previous external beam radiation therapy. MYCN was amplified in 34% of patients. There were no operative or postoperative deaths, and 18 patients (40.9%) had postoperative complications. There was a 50.4% probability of local control. MYCN amplification did not affect local control (local recurrence rate of 53.9% vs 52.4%, P = .89). Median overall survival was 18.7 months (95% confidence interval, 11.7-25.6 months). Mean survival for MYCN -amplified patients was 13.0 vs 39.2 months for those without MYCN amplification ( P = .035). Conclusions Intraoperative radiation therapy after re-resection of locally recurrent/persistent neuroblastoma results in a reasonable rate of local control with acceptable morbidity and survival. This approach should be considered in this high-risk population.
Ab Initio Elastic Properties of Diamond-Like Materials: Electronic Factors That Determine a High Bulk Modulus

Abstract The elastic properties of cubic monocrystal diamond, Si, β-SiC, β-BN, and BP are studied using ab initio all-electron density-functional theory to elucidate factors that determine a high bulk modulus in diamond-like materials. The bulk moduli are analyzed according to the charge-density-dependent total energy contribution E ″ and the unit-cell volume dependence. Calculations are reported for the energy components: kinetic ( K ), Coulomb ( C ), exchange-correlation (XC), and total energy ( E ), and also for their curvatures ( K ″, C ″, XC″, and E ″) with respect to uniform strain. Significant differences in K ″ and C ″ largely cancel in the sum K ″+ C ″, whereas XC″ is practically the same for all five materials. Because of this additive cancellation, charge-density-dependent contributions to the bulk modulus differ by less than 10% relative to diamond for all materials except BP, where the difference is 20%. Short bond length is the principal factor that determines the bulk modulus in diamond-like materials. Calculated lattice parameters, bulk moduli, Young's moduli, shear moduli, Poisson ratios, elastic stiffness coefficients, and three-parameter polynomial fits of K , C and XC as functions of uniform strain are reported.