cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired Perception of Harmonic Complexity in Congenital Amusia: A Case Study

This study investigates whether congenital amusia (an inability to perceive music from birth) also impairs the perception of musical qualities that do not rely on fine-grained pitch discrimination. We established that G.G. (64-year-old male, age-typical hearing) met the criteria of congenital amusia and demonstrated music-specific deficits (e.g., language processing, intonation, prosody, fine-grained pitch processing, pitch discrimination, identification of discrepant tones and direction of pitch for tones in a series, pitch discrimination within scale segments, predictability of tone sequences, recognition versus knowing memory for melodies, and short-term memory for melodies). Next, we conducted tests of tonal fusion, harmonic complexity, and affect perception: recognizing timbre, assessing consonance and dissonance, and recognizing musical affect from harmony. G.G. displayed relatively unimpaired perception and production of environmental sounds, prosody, and emotion conveyed by speech compared with im...
Proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of hydroxyquinol: A computational study

Abstract Hydroxyquinol (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene) exhibits a variety of activities of interest to the biomedical and organic chemist. In the particular, hydroxyquinol has numerous possible non-equivalent sites for protonation and reaction with other electrophiles. High level DFT and conventional ab initio quantum chemical calculations, diverse isodesmic proton transfer reactions, and qualitative understanding, of both intramolecular hydrogen bonding and carbocation stability, are used to explain the energy and geometry changes, and the location (which carbon or oxygen) associated with the still unmeasured proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of this species. Application is made to the synthesis of still unknown calixarene-related macrocycles.
The absence of an implicit object in unergatives: New and old evidence from Basque

Abstract Basque unergatives have long been held as evidence that unergative verbs have implicit objects. Recently, it has been shown that the presence of absolutive agreement-morphology in Basque is not a reliable indicator of a successful agreement relation with a nominal target. Building on this, I present two new arguments (and one old one) that Basque unergatives lack an implicit object. Since the subject of these verbs is nonetheless ergative-marked, these facts furnish an argument against a case-competition account of ergative case in Basque (i.e., against ergative being a dependent case ). At first glance, this seems to favor an account of ergative as inherent case . However, previous work on Basque provides evidence against such an account; this evidence comes from raising-to-ergative constructions, and the existence of ergative-marked arguments that are unambiguously Themes. These facts therefore point to the need for a new theory of ergative case that is compatible (at the very least) with: (i) the existence of ergative noun-phrases without a case-competitor; (ii) the assignment of ergative case in non-thematic positions; and (iii) a lexically determined distinction between unergatives and unaccusatives. I conclude by discussing what such a theory of ergative case might look like.
Shifts of spectral lines in a plasma

The theory of spectral lines in a plasma with quasistatic ions is reconsidered. The ion microfield distribution, generalized to include field gradients and higher-order derivatives, is introduced without decoupling the ion and electron subsystems. It is shown that in a self-consistent treatment of ion-electron correlations the calculations of line shifts requires a more complete theory than has been used in the past. It is shown that level shifts due to a time average of the radiator-plasma interaction are closely related to shifts due to ion field inhomogeneities at the radiator. These two shifting mechanisms are not independent and the analysis indicates how to avoid overcounting. As a result, the time average of the radiator-plasma interaction, usually associated with the so-called plasma polarization shift, is formally different from the equivalent expression given by theories which treat electron-ion correlations in an ad hoc fashion. 14 references.
Follow-up Analysis of Use of Forewarning and Deception in Psychological Experiments:

The present study examined students' reactions to a psychological experiment involving deception and forewarning. A 2 × 2 factorial design consisted of two levels of deception (deception present versus deception absent) and two levels of forewarning (presence of deception suggested versus presence of deception absent). 48 subjects participated in a two-person Prisoner's Dilemma cooperation game, 12 in each experimental condition. The present study showed (a) deceived subjects performed more competitively than did nondeceived subjects, (b) forewarned subjects recalled the forewarning, and (c) only deceived subjects rated the experiment as worthless, were annoyed with the experiment, and would not recommend the experiment to a friend. It was concluded that it is possible to inform subjects that deceptions are sometimes used in experiments without necessarily eliminating the possibility that the subjects can subsequently be deceived.
Efficient diagnostic tracing for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are hard to program due to unconventional programming models used to satisfy stringent resource constraints. The common event-driven concurrent programming model and lack of kernel protection in these systems introduce the possibility of several subtle faults such as race conditions. These faults are often triggered by unexpected interleavings of events in the real world, and can occur long after their causes. Reproducing a fault from the trace of the past events can play a crucial role in debugging such faults. The same tight constraints that motivate the specific programming model however make tracing challenging. This paper proposes an efficient intra-procedural and inter-procedural control-flow tracing algorithm that generates the traces of all interleaving concurrent events. Our approach enables reproducing faults at a later stage, allowing the programmer to identify them effectively. We argue for the accuracy of our approach through case studies, and illustrate its low overhead through measurements and simulations.
Rationality in Strategic Decision Processes, Environmental Dynamism and Firm Performance

This study tests competing theories of how the relationship between rationality in strategic decision processes and firm performance may be moderated by environmental dynamism. Results, based on a survey of 101 manufacturing firms, indicate a positive rationality-performance relationship for firms facing dynamic environments, but no relationship between rationality and performance for firms facing stable environments. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Role of Positive Beliefs about Worry in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and its Treatment

Individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder hold a variety of beliefs about the possible benefits of their worrying. The present article suggests that these beliefs emerge from both short-term and long-term experiences with negative reinforcement of the worry process. Elements of treatment that target these beliefs within a general cognitive behavioral therapy approach for this disorder are briefly described, and a case transcript, exemplifying both the relevance of positive beliefs in GAD cases and the potential importance of modifying those beliefs, is presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Investigation of Particle Injection and Resulting In-Flight Particle Behavior During Air Plasma Spraying

In this article we present our studies on the role of particle injection on the in-flight particle characteristics in an external orthogonally injected air plasma spray system. The influence of carrier gas on the in-flight particle state has been investigated, experimentally and using simulation, for Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) thermal spray powder processed in an Ar-H2 plasma. Diagnostic tools such as IPP and SPT have been used to measure the plume characteristics and ensemble temperature while DPV-2000 has been used to measure the distributions of individual particle characteristics such as temperature, velocity and size, at the point of the maximum particle flux and at various points (square grid) in the plume cross-section. Three-dimensional simulations have been performed for the cases presented in the experiments. Specifically, the effects of carrier gas flow rate on the in-flight particle characteristics were studied at multiple stand-off distances. Simulation results agree well with the experimental observation that the particle velocity and temperature will increase with the plume angle and then decrease after reaching a maxima for a given process parameter combination and stand-off distance. This maxima has been observed at the same plume angle for different process parameter combinations. The results of this study are currently being used to 'optimize' the particle injection and trajectory, which enables better understanding of the influence of plasma forming and stabilizing parameters (gas flows and arc current) on the in-flight particle behavior.© 2006 ASME
Empirical Estimation and Use of Risk Preferences: An Appraisal of Estimation Methods That Use Actual Economic Decisions

The topic addressed in this paper concerns the conceptual basis, estimation procedures, and resources required for implementation of methods for estimating risk preferences by observing behavior. An attempt is made to review and appraise previous literature as well as to explore some alternative approaches. To begin, it is important to contrast four general types of empirical settings of interest. These are micro (farm level), macro (market or other aggregations), descriptive (positivistic), and prescriptive (normative) studies. The prescriptive, or conditionally normative, studies seemingly have dominated agricultural economic studies of risk. These generally have been micro in nature and have focused on
Emergent airway management in a case of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), or Stone man syndrome, is rare and one of the most disabling genetic conditions of the connective tissue due to progressive extraskeletal ossification. It usually presents in the first decade of life as painful inflammatory swellings, either spontaneously or in response to trauma, which later ossify and lead to severe disability. Progressive spinal deformity including thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis leads to thoracic insufficiency syndrome, increasing the risk for pneumonia and right sided heart failure. We present the airway management in a 22-year-old male, diagnosed with FOP with severe disability, who required urgent airway intervention as a result of respiratory failure from pnuemonia. Tracheostomy triggers ossification and consequent airway obstruction at the tracheostomy site and laryngoscopy triggers temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Therefore, awake fiber-optic endotracheal intubation is recommended in these patients. Use of an airway endoscopy mask enabled us to simultaneously maintain non-invasive ventilation and intubate the patient in a situation where tracheostomy needed to be avoided.
Fabrication of Single-Channel Catalytic Microburners: Effect of Confinement on the Oxidation of Hydrogen/Air Mixtures

A protocol for the inexpensive fabrication of catalytic microburners with integrated thermocouples is introduced. Experimental data for the oxidation of hydrogen/air mixtures over platinum/alumina ...
Tracheoesophageal fistula due to migration of a self-expanding esophageal stent successfully treated with a silicone “Y” tracheobronchial stent

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) due to erosion of esophageal stents into the trachea has been reported. However, the reported management strategies involve surgical stent removal and TEF repair or endoscopic removal of the esophageal stent followed by re-stenting of the esophagus. We report our successful management of this complication with a silicone Y tracheobronchial stent and without removal of the esophageal stent.
A Mathematical Model of Human Respiration at Altitude

We developed a mathematical model of human respiration in the awake state that can be used to predict changes in ventilation, blood gases, and other critical variables during conditions of hypocapnia, hypercapnia and these conditions combined with hypoxia. Hence, the model is capable of describing ventilation changes due to the hypocapnic-hypoxia of high altitude. The basic model is that of Grodins et al. [Grodins, F. S., J. Buell, and A. J. Bart. J. Appl. Physiol. 22:260–276, 1967]. We updated the descriptions of (1) the effects of blood gases on cardiac output and cerebral blood flow, (2) acid–base balance in blood and tissues, (3) O2 and CO2 binding to hemoglobin and most importantly, (4) the respiratory-chemostat controller. The controller consists of central and peripheral sections. The central chemoceptor-induced ventilation response is simply a linear function of brain \(P_{\rm CO_2}\) above a threshold value. The peripheral response has both a linear term similar to that for the central chemoceptors, but dependent upon carotid body \(P_{\rm CO_2}\) and with a different threshold and a complex, nonlinear term that includes multiplication of separate terms involving carotid body \(P_{\rm O_2}\) and \(P_{\rm CO_2}.\) Together, these terms produce ‘dogleg’-shaped curves of ventilation plotted against \(P_{\rm CO_2}\) which form a fan-like family for different values of \(P_{\rm CO_2}.\) With this chemical controller, our model closely describes a wide range of experimental data under conditions of solely changes in \(P_{\rm CO_2}\) and for short-term hypoxia coupled with \(P_{\rm CO_2}\) changes. This model can be used to accurately describe changes in ventilation and respiratory gases during ascent and during short-term residence at altitude. Hence, it has great applicability to studying O2-delivery systems in aircraft.
Integrated or Disconnected? Examining Formal and Informal Networks in a Merged Nonprofit Organization

This article introduces nonprofit researchers and practitioners to a social network analytical technique for assessing internal staff relationships after a merger. We studied a case of a nonprofit merger, investigating its formal and informal intraorganizational networks to see which parts integrated and which remained separate operationally. We discovered a prior-organizational-affiliation-based homophily within the merged organization: most interpersonal relationships existing within these networks remained among the employees who worked together prior to the merger. However, the informal and expressive networks of mentoring, friendship, and socioemotional support were even more disconnected than the formal and instrumental networks of work relationships and problem solving. We highlight the role of a mentoring network in bridging formal and informal networks in a merged organization.
STRETCHED-EXPONENTIAL RELAXATION MODELED WITHOUT INVOKING STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Relaxation phenomena in disordered systems are often described by stretched exponentials; such behavior has traditionally been explained by invoking statistical distributions. In hydrogenated amorphous silicon, the relaxation has been associated with dispersive diffusion of hydrogen, related to a distribution of energies for trap states and barrier heights. Here we show that invoking such energy distributions is unnecessary; a treatment of hydrogen motion which includes retrapping leads to a functional form of the decay curve which closely resembles a stretched exponential, and provides an excellent fit to experimental data. The implications of the new microscopic model are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Optimized Peptide Separation and Identification for Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomics via Free-Flow Electrophoresis

Multidimensional LC-MS based shotgun proteomics experiments at the peptide level have traditionally been carried out by ion exchange in the first dimension and reversed-phase liquid chromatography in the second. Recently, it has been shown that isoelectric focusing (IEF) is an interesting alternative approach to ion exchange separation of peptides in the first dimension. Here we present an improved protocol for peptide separation by continuous free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) as the first dimension in a two-dimensional peptide separation work flow. By the use of a flat pI gradient and a mannitol and urea based separation media we were able to perform high-throughput proteome analysis with improved interfacing between FFE and RPLC-MS/MS. The developed protocol was applied to a cytosolic fraction from Schneider S2 cells from Drosophila melanogaster, resulting in the identification of more than 10,000 unique peptides with high probability. To improve the accuracy of the peptide identification following FFE-IEF we incorporated the pI information as an additional parameter into a statistical model for discrimination between correct and incorrect peptide assignments to MS/MS spectra.
Efficient multigram synthesis of the bifunctional chelating agent (S)-1-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-diethylene- tetramine pentaacetic acid

We have developed and optimized the synthesis of the title compound, eliminating all HPLC purifications prior to the final product. The yield (and scale) of the synthesis was increased from 19% (200 mg) to 75% (26 g).
Normal Mode Initialization and the Generation of Gravity Waves by Quasi-Geostrophic Forcing

Abstract Several numerical weather prediction models now use nonlinear normal-mode initialization schemes. These schemes describe balanced states which act to limit the initial presence of high-frequency gravity waves and their subsequent growth by internal dynamics. It has been suggested that there may be states that are so balanced that these waves are never excited except through external forcing. These states have been termed “superbalanced” or “belonging to the slow manifold.” The degrees to which various balance conditions describe solutions to primitive equations are determined using a sparse-spectral model. The degrees of balance are measured in terms of the portion of energy remaining in the unbalanced fields. Time scales of solutions are measured in terms of the power spectra of their normal linear modes. These measures are determined as a function of heating and dissipation rates and Rossby number. The dynamics of imbalances is examined also. The tendency for an energy-conserving primitive-equa...
The phencyclidine-glutamate model of schizophrenia.

For the past 20 years, it has been widely assumed that schizophrenia results from chronic dopamine (DA) hyperactivity. However, large amounts of evidence exist that call into question this assumption. After examining the brains of schizophrenic patients, studies failed to find evidence of elevated l
Declarative data-driven coordination

There are many applications that require users to coordinate and communicate. Friends want to coordinate travel plans, students want to jointly enroll in the same set of courses, and busy professionals want to coordinate their schedules. These tasks are difficult to program using existing abstractions provided by database systems because in addition to the traditional ACID properties provided by the system they all require some type of coordination between users. This is fundamentally incompatible with isolation in the classical ACID properties of transactions.In this talk, I argue that it is time for the database and event processing communities to look beyond isolation towards principled and elegant abstractions that allow for communication and coordination between some notion of (suitably generalized) transactions. This new area of declarative data-driven coordination (D3C) is motivated by many novel applications and is full of challenging research problems.I will start by surveying existing abstractions in database systems and explain why they are insufficient for D3C. I will then describe entangled queries, a coordination language that extends SQL by constraints that allow for the co-ordinated choice of result tuples across queries originating from different users or applications, and I will discuss algorithms for evaluating entangled queries. I will conclude with a set of research challenges for event processing in this new area.
Isotopomer encapsulation in a cylindrical molecular capsule: A probe for understanding noncovalent isotope effects on a molecular level

Isotope effects for the encapsulation of deuterated versus nondeuterated guests are determined. This system involves the use of social isomers, and the origin of the isotope effect is localized to methyl groups interacting with aromatic rings.
Pseudomonas species contamination of cystic fibrosis patients' home inhalation equipment

A prevalence study was undertaken to determine whether aerosol equipment used at home by patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) could provide a reservoir for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas cepacia. Home maintenance of this equipment was also evaluated for its relationship to contamination. In nine of 36 patients, Pseudomonas species were isolated from one or more pieces of home equipment. Only patients colonized with P. aeruginosa had contaminated equipment. P. aeruginosa was recovered from equipment used by five patients; no P. cepacia was recovered. Aerosolization masks were the most commonly contaminated pieces of equipment (20%), followed by nebulizers (17%), medication syringes (10%), connective tubing (6%), and saline solution (4%). Nebulizers and syringes were significantly more likely to be contaminated if they had been in use for 1 month or longer; nebulizers and masks were more likely to be contaminated if they were cleaned or were rinsed only with tap water after use. We conclude that equipment may serve as a reservoir to reintroduce or perpetuate colonization of some patients with CF, but that contamination of equipment with P. aeruginosa is not common.
Surgical management of brain stem vascular malformations

Vascular malformations of the brain stem are a histologically heterogenous collection of lesions which most often present with sudden and progressive neurologic deficit related to haemorrhage. Since 1987 the authors have treated eleven cases of brain stem vascular malformation. Seven of the patients were treated with complete surgical extirpation of the haematoma and malformation because of progressive neurologic deficit. Four additional patients made a full neurologic recovery and are being carefully observed for signs suggestive of the need for surgical treatment. Complete surgical excision of brain stem vascular malformations is mandatory for patients with progressive neurologic deficit related to recurrent haemorrhage.
The "inactive" eddy motion and the large-scale turbulent pressure fluctuations in the dynamic sublayer

Abstract The statistical structure of the turbulent pressure fluctuations was measured in the dynamic sublayer of a large grass-covered forest clearing by a free air static pressure probe and modeled using Townsend's hypothesis. Townsend's hypothesis states that the eddy motion in the equilibrium layer can be decomposed into an active component, which is only a function of the ground shear stress and height, and an inactive component, which is produced by turbulence in the outer region. It is demonstrated that the inactive eddy motion contributes significantly to the pressure and longitudinal velocity power spectra for wavenumbers much smaller than that corresponding to the height above the ground surface. Because of the importance of this inactive eddy motion contribution, it was possible to derive and validate a scaling law for the pressure power spectrum at low wavenumbers. The root-mean-square pressure was derived from the ground shear stress using simplifications to the Poisson equation that relate t...
The Attraction‐Leniency Effect in Jury Research: An Examination of External Validity

The external validity of the attraction-leniency effect observed repeatedly in jury research was examined by adding two small elements of juridicial realism to the usual paradigm modeled after Landy and Aronson (1969). An attraction-leniency effect was not found when judge's instructions regarding the criteria of guilt were provided, and subjects assessed probable guilt rather than appropriate sentence.
A commentary on the President's Council on Bioethics report: the changing moral focus of newborn screening.

Newborn screening is a public health program that providesearly identiﬁcation of rare genetic, metabolic, hormonal, andfunctional disorders among infants, and follow-up care for thoseaffected. Without treatment, the screened-for disorders can re-sult in devastating health consequences, and in some cases,death. What began in the mid-1960s as an activity to identify asingle rare but serious metabolic disease that occurred in about1 in 25,000 newborns, phenylketonuria, has now dramaticallyexpanded. This increase in recent years is due to a much betterunderstanding of these rare conditions and the advent of newtechnology to reliably identify such rare disorders. These ad-vances resulted in a 2005 report by the American College ofMedical Genetics (ACMG), commissioned by the U.S. HealthResourcesandServicesAdministrationthatrecommendedman-datory newborn screening for a core panel of 29 disorders.
Quasiballistic correction to the density of states in three-dimensional metal

We study the exchange correction to the density of states in three-dimensional metal near the Fermi energy. In the ballistic limit, when the distance to the Fermi level exceeds the inverse transport relaxation time $1/\ensuremath{\tau},$ we find the correction linear in the distance from the Fermi level. By a large parameter ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}\ensuremath{\tau},$ this ballistic correction exceeds the diffusive correction obtained earlier.
Transitional angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during coronary angiogenesis in response to myocardial infarction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. CAD causes ischemia as a prelude to angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure as specific forms of heart disease causing a decline in the quality of life. CAD or atherosclerosis and the resulting myocardial ischemia trigger a natural angiogenic response that generates collateral circulations. The long-term goal for these studies is to develop therapeutic angiogenesis that augments the natural coronary angiogenesis. This project makes use of an infarcted transgenic mouse model to characterize formation of those collateral circulations in the post-infraction heart. The experiments utilized thoracotomy and a microcauterizer to produce an infarct in transgenic mice and this stimulated neovascularization and allowed labeling of the coronary vessels, thereby defining the morphogenic processes involved in formation of collateral circulations. The results show that the heart consistently responds to infarcts with angiogenesis at 1d post-treatment (PT) that undergoes transition into vascular remodeling at 7d PT with complete remodeling at 14d PT. The vascular remodeling appears to mitigate any net increase in perfusion that may be achieved early in coronary angiogenesis. The results suggest that therapeutic approaches need to shift from an exclusive focus on stimulating angiogenesis to include modulation of vascular remodeling for increased long-term myocardial perfusion.
RAISINS AND BLOOD PRESSURE: A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL

The CAMELOT study supported the cardiovascular benefits of mildly reducing blood pressure (BP) in borderline hypertensive patients. Raisins are high in potassium content, and have fiber, polyphenols, phenolic acid, tannins, and antioxidants which may help account for their often-cited, yet unproven
Determination of the quantitative thallium imaging variables that optimize detection of coronary artery disease.

Although quantification of exercise thallium images has been previously reported, the relative value of different imaging variables for detection of coronary artery disease has not been analyzed in a large group of patients with cardiac catheterization data. Regional initial thallium uptake, redistribution and clearance on thallium study were measured in 325 patients also undergoing cardiac catheterization (281 patients with and 44 patients without coronary artery disease). Normal values were defined in 55 other clinically normal subjects. When five myocardial segments were analyzed in each view, the respective values for sensitivity and specificity were 95 and 50% for initial thallium uptake, 60 and 87% for redistribution and 74 and 66% for clearance. Initial thallium uptake was the most sensitive but least specific (p Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the best correlate of coronary artery disease was initial thallium uptake. Addition of redistribution to a mathematical model of the probability of coronary artery disease did not alter sensitivity, but increased specificity from 50 to 70% (p
A microscope diffusion chamber for the determination of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium osmotic response of individual cells.

SUMMARY A microscope diffusion chamber has been developed which allows direct observation of the dynamic osmotic response of individual cells in micro-volume suspensions. Continuous observation of stationary cells is possible including short experimental times while the extracellular chemical composition is changed. Multiple changes of solute type or concentration are easily imposed upon a single sample volume. Response times are a function of chamber configuration but response times as low as 1–10 s are possible with negligible solute concentration gradients within the sample region. The chamber is simple and economical to construct and use. It is the size of an ordinary glass microslide and it can be adapted easily to any common laboratory microscope. All standard optical techniques may be used with the chamber. Construction details and operating characteristics including important limitations are discussed. Example photomicrographs and osmotic data are included.
Lorentz gas cellular automata on graphs

Lorentz Gas Cellular Automata (LGCA) are models of parallel many-tape Turing machines generated by the motion of localized (point) objects (particles, signals, wave trains, etc.) on a graph. In each vertex v of the graph we store a symbol. A read/write head of the Turing machine is represented as an object that hops from one vertex of the graph to another according to a rule (symbol) stored in the vertex. Thus, the symbols stored in the vertices represent scattering rules (or simply scatterers) of the lattice gas. It is assumed that initially the scatterers are randomly distributed among the vertices of the graph. The random environment formed by the scatterers may either be fixed or evolve due to collisions with the moving object. The collisions simulate storing of a new symbol in the vertex of the graph. We investigate these models with fixed environment in general types of graphs and the models with evolving environments on trees. Remarkably, it occurred that all models with fixed environments and many models with evolving environment behave like a depth-first search on the underlying graph. Observe that such behavior occurs for any initial random distribution of scatterers rather than for some "specially prepared" initial configurations of scatterers. We also give estimates of periods of orbits on finite graphs.
Predictors of Change in Eligibility Status among Preschoolers in Special Education

Relatively little is known about the incidence of declassification among young children who receive preschool special education services or about factors associated with declassification. The Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study (PEELS) follows a nationally representative sample of children who were receiving preschool special education services in 2003–2004. Data from PEELS show that approximately 16% of preschoolers who received special education services stopped receiving those services, or were “declassified,” each year over a 2-year period. In a multivariate logistic regression, significant variables predicting declassification included child gender, size of the district's preschool special education program, district wealth, disability category, ratings of problem behaviors, severity of impairment, and scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.
Detecting intra-room mobility with signal strength descriptors

We explore the problem of detecting whether a device has moved within a room. Our approach relies on comparing summaries of received signal strength measurements over time, which we call descriptors. We consider descriptors based on the differences in the mean, standard deviation, and histogram comparison. In close to 1000 mobility events we conducted, our approach delivers perfect recall and near perfect precision for detecting mobility at a granularity of a few seconds. It is robust to the movement of dummy objects near the transmitter as well as people moving within the room. The detection is successful because true mobility causes fast fading, while environmental mobility causes shadow fading, which exhibit considerable difference in signal distributions. The ability to produce good detection accuracy throughout the experiments also demonstrates that our approach can be applied to varying room environments and radio technologies, thus enabling novel security, health care, and inventory control applications.
Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA concentration in midbrain dopaminergic neurons is differentially regulated by reserpine.

: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-mRNA, assayed by in situ hybridization combined with TH immunocytochemistry, showed a selective increase in the ventral tegmental area (A-10) but not in the substantia nigra (A-9) midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons 3 days after reserpine treatment. TH-mRNA in locus ceruleus noradrenergic (A-4) neurons was increased by reserpine, as confirmed by RNA blot hybridization. These findings show that TH-mRNA is differentially regulated in midbrain DAergic neurons in response to reserpine.
Non-uniform sampling in wavelet subspaces

It is well known that the Shannon (1949) sampling theorem can be put into a wavelet context. But it has also been shown that for most wavelets, a sampling theorem for the associated subspaces exists. There is even a non-uniform sampling theorem as in the Shannon case. In general the bounds on the deviations from uniform are not as easy to specify in this case. No simple Kadec 1/4 theorem holds except in special cases (such as the Franklin case where the bound is 1/2). For a particular class, the Meyer (1990) wavelets, which are bandlimited but with a smooth spectrum, a similar bound is sometimes obtainable. Unfortunately, it is much smaller that 1/4.
Use of Workflow Technology Tools to Analyze Medical Data

Workflow editors and engines can be used to model medical processes and execute them on real coded medical data from large data repositories. Such framework re-uses existing workflow technology and applies it to the healthcare domain. It satisfies many requirements for collaboration of champion clinicians with data analysts and developers of future potential decision support modules. Results enable to have insights into differences in workflows, data collection patterns and patient structure among different hospitals or providers. The methodology can provide support to descriptive clinical research studies, quality improvement teams and decision support development teams.
Child Abuse in Young, HIV-Positive Women: Linkages to Risk

In this article we explore the lives of young women living with HIV who experienced physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. Using a modified version of the Life Story Interview, 40 women recruited from HIV clinics in three different states participated in a qualitative interview. Interviews covered abuse experiences, cognitive and emotional consequences of abuse, coping strategies, and sexual behavior and relationships. Overall, these young women had complex abuse histories, often experiencing more than one type of abuse in the context of other difficult life events. Avoidance and substance use were frequently utilized as coping strategies for abuse-related distress. Young women reported sexual and relationship concerns, including avoidance of sex, sexual dysfunction, sex as a trigger for abuse memories, and difficulty establishing intimacy and trust. Relationships between abuse-related reactions and sexual risk behavior, as well as recommendations for interventions, are discussed.
Stream trees : a statistical method for mapping genetic differences between populations of freshwater organisms to the sections of streams that connect them

Statistical approaches for studying the spatial distribution of genetic diversity that assume that organisms move through a two-dimensional landscape are not well suited to study populations of fre...
ON THE NEW QUASIPARTICLE FACTORIZATION OF THE j-SHELL

The new Elliott-Evans classification scheme by means of a quasiparticle factorization of the j-shell of both protons and neutrons is developed further. The needed reduced matrix elements follow from the equivalence between quasiparticle isospins and quasiparticle quasi- spins. The transformation to states of good particle number n is simplified by imbedding the quasiparticle quasispins in the five-dimensional quasispin group R(5). This leads to a factoring of the transformation coefficients. One factor is independent of J and other subgroup labels of Sp(2j+ 1) and carries the dependence on the subgroup labels of R(5). Simple recursion formulae are derived from which this factor can be calculated in complete generality. The second factor carries the dependence on the subgroup labels of Sp(2jfl) and must be calculated for each j. Since it is independent of n and T it is sufficient to calculate this factor for particular (most convenient) values of n and T. A calculation of the coefficients is illustrated with j = 8 for which complete tables are given. An extension of the quasiparticle factorization technique to the nuclear LST scheme is discussed.
An ℋ 2 -based direct integral equation solver of linear complexity for full-wave extraction of 3-D structures in multiple dielectrics

A linear complexity direct matrix solution is developed for a full-wave-based impedance extraction of arbitrarily-shaped 3-D non-ideal conductors embedded in multiple dielectrics. It successfully overcomes the numerical challenge of directly solving a highly irregular system matrix that is mixed with both dense and sparse blocks. The proposed direct solver is shown to outperform state-of-the-art impedance solvers with fast CPU time, modest memory-consumption, and without sacrificing accuracy. The inverse of a 2.6-million-unknown matrix resulting from the impedance extraction of a large-scale 3-D interconnect having 128 buses, which is a matrix solution for 2.6 million right hand sides, was obtained in less than 1.5 GB memory and 1.3 hours on a single CPU running at 2.66 GHz.
Therapies on the horizon for cholesterol reduction

largemajority of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or significant risk factors have LDL-C levels higher than those recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)' or European Joint Task Force2 guidelines. Other patients may have low levels of high-density lipopro- tein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated triglyceride levels that may not respond to statin therapy. Within the next few years, the clinician can expect to see a number of new therapeutic options, including more potent statins, agents that reduce LDL-C by different mechanisms (including new bile acid- binding resins and specific inhibitors of bile acid transport and cholesterol transport), and agents that inhibit cholesterol esterification within the arterial wall.
Visual Hallucinations Treated with the Reinitiation of Memantine in a Patient with Lewy Body Dementia

OBJECTIVE:To report on a patient with Lewy body dementia who developed worsening of hallucinations with memantine withdrawal and significant improvement with reinitiation of the drug.CASE SUMMARY:A 78-year-old man presented to a geriatric psychiatry clinic in March 2011. The patient had experienced gradual memory loss since 2007 and was diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in 2009. His medication regimen included donepezil and memantine; his cognitive and functional status appeared stable. Occasional mild visual hallucinations occurred but were not concerning to the patient or his wife. The patient did well to July 2011, when memantine became restricted within the health care institution; memantine was therefore tapered to discontinuation. From July to September 2011, the patient's cognition and function appeared to decline significantly. He also began experiencing severe visual hallucinations daily. Memantine was reinitiated in September 2011 and, within days, the patient was free of hallucinat...
Erratum to: A moderate role for cognitive models in agent-based modeling of cultural change

Correspondence: mabrams@uab.edu Department of Philosophy, University of Alabama at Birmingham 900 13th Street South, HB 414A Birmingham, AL 35294-1260, USA Correction After publication of (Abrams 2013), I discovered errors in two formulas in the settle-nets paragraphs of the POPCO main loop section in Methods (page 13 in the PDF file). I correct these errors here. In the definition of the weighted sum ni of input activations aj from nodes j to node i across links with weights wij, the direction of the inequality was reversed. The definition of ni should read: ni = ∑
Changes in Executive Functioning and Self-Management in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Growth Curve Analysis

Objective To investigate the relation of changes in executive functioning to changes in diabetes self-management in a 2-year prospective study of a sample of youth aged 9–11 years at baseline (n = 239) with type 1 diabetes and their maternal caregivers. Research Design and Methods Youth and maternal caregivers completed the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP) at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Maternal caregivers completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) at the same time points to assess global executive functioning, and the domains of behavioral regulation and metacognition. Results Youth reported self-management decreased over time (p < .01) while behavioral regulation (e.g., the child’s ability to shift cognitive set and moderate emotions and behaviors via emotional control) increased (p < .05). Changes in behavioral regulation significantly predicted rate of change in youth-reported self-management (p < .01). Global executive functioning and metacognition (e.g., the child’s ability to monitor, initiate, plan, organize, and sustain future-oriented problem solving and working memory) did not change over time and did not predict changes in self-management. Moreover, executive functioning and self-management did not predict changes in HbA1c. Conclusions Positive changes in behavioral regulation may enhance self-management of type 1 diabetes during the transition to adolescence.
Clinical applications of dendritic cell cancer vaccines.

It has been more than 100 years since Dr. William B. Coley reported the regression of tumors in some patients who had been injected with bacterial extracts [1]. Since this early exercise in cancer vaccination, clinicians and scientists have attempted to harness the immune system to mediate the rejection of tumors in vivo. Because of many important recent discoveries in immunology and tumor cell biology, we now have the exciting opportunity to explore the therapeutic potentials of novel cancer vaccines.
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in homosexual and bisexual HIV-positive men.

ContextHomosexual and bisexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus–related anal neoplasia and anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).ObjectiveTo estimate the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of screening HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual men for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL) and anal SCC.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis performed from a societal perspective that used reference case recommendations from the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. A state-transition Markov model was developed to calculate lifetime costs, life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life expectancy for no screening vs several screening strategies for ASIL and anal SCC using anal Papanicolaou (Pap) testing at different intervals. Values for incidence, progression, and regression of anal neoplasia; efficacy of screening and treatment; natural history of HIV; health-related quality of life; and costs were obtained from the literature.Setting and ParticipantsHypothetical cohort of homosexual and bisexual HIV-positive men living in the United States.Main Outcome MeasuresLife expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, quality-adjusted years of life saved, lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsScreening for ASIL increased quality-adjusted life expectancy at all stages of HIV disease. Screening with anal Pap tests every 2 years, beginning in early HIV disease (CD4 cell count >0.50×109/L), resulted in a 2.7-month gain in quality-adjusted life expectancy for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $13,000 per quality-adjusted life year saved. Screening with anal Pap tests yearly provided additional benefit at an incremental cost of $16,600 per quality-adjusted life year saved. If screening was not initiated until later in the course of HIV disease (CD4 cell count <0.50×109/L), then yearly Pap test screening was preferred due to the greater amount of prevalent anal disease (cost-effectiveness ratio of less than $25,000 per quality-adjusted life year saved compared with no screening). Screening every 6 months provided little additional benefit over that of yearly screening. Results were most sensitive to the rate of progression of ASIL to anal SCC and the effectiveness of treatment of precancerous lesions.ConclusionsScreening HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual men for ASIL and anal SCC with anal Pap tests offers quality-adjusted life expectancy benefits at a cost comparable with other accepted clinical preventive interventions.
Epidemiology of HIV Infection in the United States: Implications for Linkage to Care

The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has changed significantly over the past 30 years. HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is currently a disease of greater demographic diversity, affecting all ages, sexes, and races, and involving multiple transmission risk behaviors. At least 50,000 new HIV infections will continue to be added each year; however, one-fifth of persons with new infections may not know they are infected, and a substantial proportion of those who know they are infected are not engaged in HIV care. Barriers to early engagement in care may be specific to a demographic group. In this paper, the current epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in the United States is reviewed in order to understand the challenges, successes, and best practices for removing the barriers to effective diagnosis and receipt of HIV care within specific demographic groups.
Systematic Review: Hydroxyurea for the Treatment of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Lanzkron and colleagues synthesized the evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, and toxicity of hydroxyurea for treating adults with sickle cell disease. They found that hydroxyurea increases feta...