cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Specializations in Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Associated with the Integration and Segregation of Information in Working Memory

Control processes are thought to play an important role in working memory (WM), by enabling the coordination, transformation, and integration of stored information. Yet little is known about the neural mechanisms that subserve such control processes. This study examined whether integration operations within WM involve the activation of distinct neural mechanisms within lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor brain activity while participants performed a mental arithmetic task. In the integration (IN) condition, a WM preload item had to be mentally inserted into the last step of the math problem. This contrasted with the segregation (SG) condition, which also required maintenance of the WM preload while performing mental arithmetic but had no integration requirement. Two additional control conditions involved either ignoring the preload (math only condition) or ignoring the math problem (recall only condition). Left anterior PFC (Brodmann’s Area [BA] 46/10) was selectively engaged by integration demands, with activation increasing prior to, as well as during the integration period. A homologous right anterior PFC region showed selectively increased activity in the SG condition during the period in which the math problem and preload digit were reported. Left middorsolateral PFC regions (BA 9/46) showed increased, but equivalent, activity in both the SG and IN conditions relative to both control conditions. These results provide support for the selective role of lateral PFC in cognitive control over WM and suggest more specific hypotheses regarding dissociable PFC mechanisms involved during the integration and segregation of stored WM items.
Primary and Secondary Structural Elements Required for Synthesis of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Subgenomic RNA1

Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV) generates three 3′-coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) in infected cells. The promoter of sgRNA1 is a putative hot spot for RNA recombination in luteovirus evolution. The sgRNA1 transcription start site was mapped previously to either nucleotide 2670 or nucleotide 2769 of BYDV genomic RNA (gRNA) in two independent studies. Our data support the former initiation site. The boundaries of the sgRNA1 promoter map between nucleotides 2595 and 2692 on genomic RNA. Computer prediction, phylogenetic comparison, and structural probing revealed two stem-loops (SL1 and SL2) in the sgRNA1 promoter region on the negative strand. Promoter function was analyzed by inoculating protoplasts with a full-length infectious clone of the BYDV genome containing mutations in the sgRNA promoter. Because the promoter is located in an essential coding region of the replicase gene, we duplicated it in a nonessential part of the genome from which a new sgRNA was expressed. Mutational analysis revealed that secondary structure, but not the nucleotide sequence, was important at the base of SL1. Regions with both RNA primary and secondary structural features that contributed to transcription initiation were found at the top of SL1. Primary sequence, but not the secondary structure, was required in SL2, which includes the initiation site. Disruption of base pairing near the sgRNA1 start site increased the level of transcription three- to fourfold. We propose that both primary and secondary structures of the sgRNA1 promoter of BYDV play unique roles in sgRNA1 promoter recognition and transcription initiation.
Mutations to PB2 and NP Proteins of an Avian Influenza Virus Combine To Confer Efficient Growth in Primary Human Respiratory Cells

ABSTRACT Influenza pandemics occur when influenza A viruses (IAV) adapted to other host species enter humans and spread through the population. Pandemics are relatively rare due to host restriction of IAV: strains adapted to nonhuman species do not readily infect, replicate in, or transmit among humans. IAV can overcome host restriction through reassortment or adaptive evolution, and these are mechanisms by which pandemic strains arise in nature. To identify mutations that facilitate growth of avian IAV in humans, we have adapted influenza A/duck/Alberta/35/1976 (H1N1) (dk/AB/76) virus to a high-growth phenotype in differentiated human tracheo-bronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells. Following 10 serial passages of three independent lineages, the bulk populations showed similar growth in HTBE cells to that of a human seasonal virus. The coding changes present in six clonal isolates were determined. The majority of changes were located in the polymerase complex and nucleoprotein (NP), and all isolates carried mutations in the PB2 627 domain and regions of NP thought to interact with PB2. Using reverse genetics, the impact on growth and polymerase activity of individual and paired mutations in PB2 and NP was evaluated. The results indicate that coupling of the mammalian-adaptive mutation PB2 E627K or Q591K to selected mutations in NP further augments the growth of the corresponding viruses. In addition, minimal combinations of three (PB2 Q236H, E627K, and NP N309K) or two (PB2 Q591K and NP S50G) mutations were sufficient to recapitulate the efficient growth in HTBE cells of dk/AB/76 viruses isolated after 10 passages in this substrate. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses adapted to birds do not typically grow well in humans. However, as has been seen recently with H5N1 and H7N9 subtype viruses, productive and virulent infection of humans with avian influenza viruses can occur. The ability of avian influenza viruses to adapt to new host species is a consequence of their high mutation rate that supports their zoonotic potential. Understanding of the adaptation of avian viruses to mammals strengthens public health efforts aimed at controlling influenza. In particular, it is critical to know how readily and through mutation to which functional components avian influenza viruses gain the ability to grow efficiently in humans. Our data show that as few as three mutations, in the PB2 and NP proteins, support robust growth of a low-pathogenic, H1N1 duck isolate in primary human respiratory cells.
Structures of Complexes of Reduced Nitrogen Ligands

This chapter reviews the structural chemistry of complexes of reduced nitrogen ligands. The scope is limited to complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with emphasis on results appearing since 1978. References to other reviews and earlier research can be found elsewhere.1, 2 Special attention is given to compounds which contain sulfur ligands because EXAFS data indicate that the molybdenum atoms in nitrogenase are ligated by sulfur atoms.3
Potential of Tree Washes as a Management Tactic Against the Pear Psylla

The effects of tree washes on populations of Psylla pyricola Foerster and fruit quality were examined. Handgun applications of tree washes removed pear psylla honeydew and reduced fruit russet. In addition, tree washes which contamed a wetting agent increased mortality of pear psylla nymphs. Tree washes applied by a speed sprayer were as effecttve as handgun washes in removing pear psylla honeydew. Tree washing holds promise as a tactic to be integrated with biological and chemical control to manage arthropod pests of pear in north central Washington.
Gastrin and colorectal cancer. Evidence against an association.

Plasma gastrin has been reported to be elevated among patients with colorectal cancer. The objectives of the present study were to confirm this observation and, if confirmed, to shed light on the reason for the elevation. Presurgical and postsurgical fasting plasma gastrin levels were compared between 24 patients hospitalized for colorectal adenocarcinoma resection and 25 control patients hospitalized for other surgery. Elevated presurgical gastrin levels in the case group that fell after surgery woulds be consistent with preduction of gastrin by the tumor. High presurgical gastrin levels in the case group that did not change following surgery would be consistent with excess gastrin production by G cells. The mean presurgical gastrin levels were 21.9±3.7 pM (cases) and 45.1±18.0pM (controls). The mean postsurgical gastrin levels were 20.5±3.9 pM (cases) and 43.4±14.6 pM (control). These results do not provide support for the hypothese that gastrin is elevated in colorectal cancer patients or that gastrin is secreted by colorectal tumors in sufficient quantities to be measurable in the plasma.
Investigation of a Kumada Cross Coupling Reaction for Large-Scale Production of (2S, 7R, E)-2-Isopropyl-7-(4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)benzyl)-N,N,8-trimethylnon-4-enamide

An investigation into the Kumada cross coupling reaction was conducted by developing a reliable, efficient procedure for the Grignard reagent and its subsequent cross coupling reaction. Safe Mg metal activation as well as a moisture-free system was created by using MeMgCl reagent and improved the efficiency of the Grignard reaction. The established coupling reaction was successfully demonstrated at the multikilogram (50 kg) scale, and the coupling product was purified by using an agitated thin film evaporator (ATFE) technique.
Fracture Analysis of Rotating Nozzle of Coal Mill at Power Plant

The reasons of fracture of the rotating nozzle of coal mill are discussed.By analyzing the fracture surface,chemical composition and mechanical properties,it indicates the fracture of the rotating nozzle mainly due to the poor quality of casting ZG50Mn2,which has low material strength,poor toughness,original casting defects and low resistance to crack and expansion.It also puts forward several measures for improvement.
Construction and analysis of informationized SG-ERP architecture for Chongqing electric power corporation

To achieve the scientific development of information technology and guarantee a smooth and continuous information system,Chongqing Electric Power Corporation(CQEPC) builds comparatively complete enterprise architecture using metamodel based on assets of SG186 IT Project.It contains business architecture,data architecture,application architecture and technique architecture.The proposed architecture is on the basis of the specific SG-ERP infrastructure and take the company's current informationization situations and business development requirements,which is to construct and implement informationized SG-ERP architecture according with enterprise development by steps.Practice proves that the informationized SG-ERP architecture is practicable and provides strong support for the construction of modern enterprise with benefits.
Bacteriuria in intestinal loop urinary diversion in children.

AbstractBacteriuria and intestinal loop urinary diversion with open (refluxing) ureterointestinal anastomoses did not prevent normal renal and body growth in 44 children, who were followed for 55.2 months. A comparison of the long-term use of sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin with no treatment showed no statistically significant changes in the stoma, loop residual, renal function, serum electrolytes and treatment or prevention of bacteriuria.
Isogravitational heterogeneity of perfusion after unilateral lung transplantation

1. Single-photon emission computerized tomography in both an intact canine model and man has demonstrated an aspect of pulmonary perfusion to be independent of gravitational forces. 2. Using technetium 99m-labelled macroaggregated albumin single-photon emission computerized tomographic imaging, we investigated normal human subjects (n = 5), stable unilateral lung transplant recipients (n = 6) and transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction related to obliterative bronchiolitis (n = 5). 3. In coronal isogravitational sections, a 1 x 1 x N pixel strip (medial to lateral) was constructed through the 'core' pixel of maximal radioactive counts. The counts were measured for the 'core' pixel and at two mid-points (medial and lateral) between the core pixel and the lung edges. Coefficients of variation were computed for each isogravitational strip and compared between groups. Fractional whole-lung perfusion was determined for left versus right lungs of normal subjects and allograft versus native lungs of transplant recipients. 4. Using these indices, 'isogravitational heterogeneity' (i.e. increased 'core' versus peripheral perfusion) was observed in allografts and native diseased lungs after unilateral transplantation. Despite significantly increased fractional whole-lung perfusion directed to the allografts (84.8% +/- 3.0% and 75.8% + 12.1% for stable unilateral lung transplant recipients and patients with obliterative bronchiolitis respectively) compared with normal lungs (50.2% +/- 1.2% and 49.8% +/- 1.2% for left and right respectively), 'isogravitational flow heterogeneity' (i.e. increased 'core' versus peripheral perfusion) was preserved after transplantation. 5. These findings suggest that 'isogravitational heterogeneity' was maintained despite increased unilateral pulmonary perfusion and the presumed increase in pulmonary capillary recruitment and/or distension.
Integration of a Clinical Pharmacist into an Interdisciplinary Palliative Care Outpatient Clinic.

Objectives:The primary objective of this quality improvement (QI) project was to determine if the Interdisciplinary Palliative Care Outpatient Clinic (IPCOC) at the West Palm Beach Veterans Affairs...
The Functions of Social Choice Theory

Social choice theory was intended to provide a rational framework for decisions that, for whatever reason, have to be made collectively. The paradigmatic example was election of officials, but this was intended only to exemplify the issue. Indeed, the real purpose was to analyze policy decisions. A candidate was thought of primarily as an embodiment of policies.
ROC Curve Analysis in the Presence of Imperfect Reference Standards

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is an important tool for the evaluation and comparison of predictive models when the outcome is binary. If the class membership of the outcomes are known, ROC can be constructed for a model, and the ROC with greater area under the curve (AUC) indicates better performance. However in practice, imperfect reference standards often exist, in which class membership of every data point are not fully determined. This situation is especially prevalent in high-throughput biomedical data because obtaining perfect reference standards for all data points is either too costly or technically impractical. To construct ROC curves for these data, the common practice is to either ignore the uncertainties in references, or remove data points with high uncertainties. Such approaches may cause bias to the ROC curves and generate misleading results in method evaluation. Here we present a framework to incorporate membership uncertainties into the construction of ROC curve, termed the expected ROC or "eROC" curve. We develop an efficient procedure for the estimation of eROC curve. The advantages of using eROC are demonstrated using simulated and real data.
Virus in the Room

I am the Lorax, I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees, for the trees have no tongues, and I’m asking you, sir, at the top of my lungs.
An exploration of nurse-physician perceptions of collaborative behaviour

Interprofessional collaboration is a key element in providing safe, holistic patient care in the acute care setting. Trended data at a community hospital indicated opportunities for improvement in collaboration on micro, meso, and macro levels. The aim of this survey study was to assess the current state of collaboration between frontline nurses and physicians at a non-academic acute care hospital. A convenience sample of participants was recruited with a final respondent sample of 355 nurses and 82 physicians. The results indicated that physicians generally perceived greater collaboration than nurses. Physician ratings did not vary by primary practice area, whereas nurse ratings varied by clinical practice area. Nurse ratings were the lowest in the operating room and the highest in the emergency department. Text-based responses to an open-ended question were analysed by role and coded by two independent research teams. Emergent themes emphasised the importance of rounding, roles, respect, and communication. Despite recognition of the need for improved collaboration and relational behaviours, strategies to improve collaborative practice must be fostered at the meso level by organisational leaders and customised to address micro-level values. At the study site, findings have been used to address and improve collaboration towards the goal of becoming a high reliability organisation.
Fabrication of an Open Microfluidic Device for Immunoblotting

Given the wide adoption of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the rapid fabrication of microfluidic networks and the utility of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we develop a technique for fabrication of PAGE molecular sieving gels in PDMS microchannel networks. In developing the fabrication protocol, we trade-off constraints on materials properties of these two polymer materials: PDMS is permeable to O2 and the presence of O2 inhibits the polymerization of polyacrylamide. We present a fabrication method compatible with performing PAGE protein separations in a composite PDMS-glass microdevice, that toggles from an “enclosed” microchannel for PAGE and blotting to an “open” PA gel lane for immunoprobing and readout. To overcome the inhibitory effects of O2, we coat the PDMS channel with a 10% benzophenone solution, which quenches the inhibiting effect of O2 when exposed to UV, resulting in a PAGE-in-PDMS device. We then characterize the PAGE separation performance. Using a ladder of small-to-mid mass ...
A Therapeutic Double Whammy: Transcriptional or Post-transcriptional Suppression of Microsatellite Repeat Toxicity by Cas9.

Microsatellite expansion diseases are caused by unstable tandem repeats of 3–10 nucleotides that become pathogenic beyond a threshold number of copies. Two groups present different approaches to reduce pathogenesis by targeting deactivated Cas9 to either the DNA (Pinto et al., 2017) or the RNA (Batra et al., 2017) repeats with therapeutic potential for several diseases.
From Space-Off to Represented Space: A review of Reimagining Equality

In Reimagining Equality: Stories of Gender, Race, and Finding Home, author Anita Hill explores some of the literal and figurative meanings of “home,” focusing specifically on African-American women in their quest for home. Hill layers discussions of law, literature, and culture with stories of individual women, both historic and contemporary. In Reimagining Equality, Hill takes on a topic clearly distinct from the Clarence Thomas Senate confirmation hearings, the episode for which she is best known. Her work here is, nonetheless, evocative of her struggle in those hearings, because the book addresses the interrelation between gender, race, place, space, and power. Taking up the baton of spatiality, Reimagining Equality brings to “represented space,” or central focus, a topic that is often in the “space-off,” or margin: black women’s struggles to find home.
Cumulant-based direction-of-arrival estimation using multiple co-prime frequencies

In this paper, we propose a novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique based on multiple co-prime frequencies and fourth-order statistics of the received signals. The utilization of multiple frequencies provides virtual sensors at the receiver array, thereby resulting in extended aperture, higher number of degrees-of-freedom, and greater flexibility compared to the commonly used single frequency-based methods. The set of lags achieved from the resulting virtual antenna elements is further extended by exploiting higher-order statistics-based difference co-array approach. The proposed scheme yields the fourth-order difference co-array which offers a significantly greater number of lags compared to the sparse array techniques used by existing DOA estimation methods. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Single-File Protein Translocations through Graphene-MoS2 Heterostructure Nanopores.

Successfully threading unfolded protein molecules through nanopores whose sizes are comparable to that of an amino acid is a prerequisite for the nanopore-based protein sequencing method that promises to be high-throughput and low-cost. While the electric driving method can be effective for a homogeneously charged DNA molecule, it fails to drive an unfolded protein through a nanopore because the net charge of a protein fragment inside of the pore (where the electric field exists) can be positive, negative, or neutral. Here we propose and demonstrate by molecular dynamics simulations protein transport through a nanopore in a quasi-two-dimensional heterostructure stacked together by graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. Thanks to different van der Waals interactions (U) between a protein molecule and different 2D surfaces, it is energetically favorable for protein to progressively move from the MoS2 surface to the graphene surface (more negative U) through a nanopore in the heterostructure.
Body Image and Gender Roles

American women and men are subjected to unrealistic body image ideals that exaggerate characteristics associated with femininity and masculinity: women are supposed to be ‘thin and sexy’ and men are supposed to be ‘strong and muscular’. These stereotyped ideals support gender-stereotyped social roles. Conformity to the ideal body for women is central to their ‘success’ as women, whereas conformity to the ideal body for men is associated with success, but not central to it. Working toward more flexible gender roles for both men and women should promote less body concern.
Alarm Chemosignals in a Meriones Unguiculatus: Prey-Predator Interactions

A number of chemical exudates originating from invertebrates and vertebrates are released under stressful environmental conditions. They are variously defined, but are known generically as “alarm signals,” chemosignals released by one or more individuals to affect the behavior and physiology of conspecifics (von Frisch, 1938; Muller-Schwarze et al., 1984; Pfeiffer, 1963). These chemicals can cause exploration and investigation (Jaffe and Puche, 1984; Sonenshine, 1985), hesitation and physiological signs of frustration (Courtney et al., 1968; Herreid and Mooney, 1984), immobilization and hiding (Rottman and Snowdon, 1972; Carr et al., 1970), flight and dispersion (Stevens and Gerzog-Thomas, 1977; Hornbuckle and Beall, 1974; Ressler et al., 1968), and social mobilization and attack (Cherix, 1983). The environmental features which provoke the release of such chemicals are diverse, but usually involve stimuli of potential danger, such as novelty, social intrusion or physical insult. Generally, among higher vertebrates the body source of these chemicals is unknown and no compounds have been isolated and identified.
Further Characterization of Genes Encoding Extracellular Polysaccharide of Pseudomonas solanacearum and their Regulation

Pseudomonas solanacearum produces an acidic, nitrogen-rich, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that is required for wilting and killing of infected plants Biosynthesis of EPS is partially encoded by the 18-kb eps locus; additional loci near eps are also required for EPS production, but only under specific growth conditions. All these loci are transcriptionally controlled by an interacting regulatory network involving the products of at least five distinct regulatory loci: phcA, phcB, vsrA,vsrB, and xpsR. This network, which also regulates other virulence genes, may control transcription in response to various environmental signals, such as nutritional status and cell density.
Apoptosis and the Tumor Microenvironment in Hematologic Malignancies

Hematologic malignancies arise from defects in normal hematopoiesis and are often associated with aberrant expression of growth and survival factors, such as TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, and BAFF. These growth factors have also been shown to be involved in dysregulated apoptosis. Once a hematopoietic cell becomes malignant, these growth factors can be produced by both the tumor cell as well as by cells surrounding the tumor. These surrounding cells, such as bone marrow stromal cells, together with the extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors, and blood vessels, comprise the tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment provides a safe haven for the tumor cells to grow, and, following chemotherapeutic treatment, contributes the emergence of minimal residual disease (MRD), where a small number of drug resistant tumor cells survive cytotoxic stress. These drug resistant tumor cells, which often exhibit upregulation of anti-apoptotic pathways, are typically the cause of relapse of hematologic diseases. Thus, targeting these tumor cells along with the tumor microenvironment in which the tumor cells reside is vital in overcoming the devastating effects associated with hematologic malignancies.
Renal Function and exposure to Bisphenol A and phthalates in children with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract Rationale and objective Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is ubiquitous among adults and children in the United States. Among children and adolescents, those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are potentially at greater risk of adverse effects from BPA and phthalate exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate BPA and phthalate exposure among children with CKD and evaluate associations with three measures of kidney function. Study design Cross sectional study. Setting, participants, and measurements The CKD population was represented by the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort study of children with impaired kidney function in the US. The main outcome was assessment of the relationship between chemical exposures and clinical laboratory findings at enrollment into CKiD. Data collected at baseline from participants 1 to 17 years old (N = 538) were analyzed. Urinary BPA and phthalate levels were evaluated at this time point. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative pediatric population, were used for comparison to the CKiD cohort. Results Urinary BPA and phthalate levels in the CKiD population were consistently lower than levels detected in healthy children. Additionally, BPA was not significantly associated with blood pressure, proteinuria, or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Within the CKiD population, for select individual and combined phthalates, there was an inverse relationship with the urinary protein:creatinine ratio (LMW phthalates, − 9.53% change; 95% CI: − 14.21, − 4.21; p = 0.001), and in most cases, a positive relationship with eGFR (LMW phthalates, a 3.46 unit increase in eGFR, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.07; p Limitations Lack of longitudinal data, limited assessment of diet and nutritional status. Conclusion In the study cohort, children with CKD did not have increased exposure to BPA and phthalates. Longitudinal studies with repeated measures are likely to be more informative about the possible health effects of prolonged exposure to BPA and phthalates in pediatric patients with CKD.
Adaptive mesh refinement in stress-constrained topology optimization

We present a topology structural optimization framework with adaptive mesh refinement and stress-constraints. Finite element approximation and geometry representation benefit from such refinement by enabling more accurate stress field predictions and greater resolution of the optimal structural boundaries. We combine a volume fraction filter to impose a minimum design feature size, the RAMP penalization to generate “black-and-white designs” and a RAMP-like stress definition to resolve the “stress singularity problem.” Regions with stress concentrations dominate the optimized design. As such, rigorous simulations are required to accurately approximate the stress field. To achieve this goal, we invoke a threshold operation and mesh refinement during the optimization. We do so in an optimal fashion, by applying adaptive mesh refinement techniques that use error indicators to refine and coarsen the mesh as needed. In this way, we obtain more accurate simulations and greater resolution of the design domain. We present results in two dimensions to demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
REDUCTION OF COD AT SOURCE USING ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS IN AN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT EFFLUENT

Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is the emerging technology used for Wastewater treatment. This study has been carried out on lab scale test and lab scale pilot plant to the effectiveness of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) technology. AOP is basically the delivery of strong chemical oxidants to the subsurface for the purpose of treating organic contaminants and COD. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of Advanced Oxidation technology to remove COD in wastewater and also provides an overview of two different oxidants that are mainly used in AOP: Hydrogen peroxide as (Catalyzed Hydrogen peroxide) (i.e. modified Fenton’s reagent) and Sodium Persulfate. Each of these oxidants used has their own unique characteristic and the ability to react with contaminants in subsurface; for example, CHP which is a non-selective oxidizing and reducing agent shows degradation results with almost all types of sorbed and non-aqueous contaminants but has lowest stability inside subsurface when injecting for treatment. Persulfate is the latest and least investigated oxidant. It has the potential of both stabilizing and widespread reacting with the contaminants in the subsurface. . Since, these oxidants are reliable enough to treat the contaminants, so, while wastewater treatment with AOP the problem of COD in Wastewater could be sorted out. Although none of these oxidants are ideal to use for Wastewater treatment, but still, have the ability enough to treat the contaminants appropriately than any other AOP technologies being used.
Las TIC en Honduras: Un análisis sociotécnico

This article presents an analysis of information and communication technologies (ICT) and their relation to social change in Honduras. The study employs a case study methodology and a sociotechnical theoretical framework. Findings indicate that the 2009 coup d’etat marked a turning point in the use of ICT in Honduras. Social media and alternative media use increased due to heavy social polarization. On the other hand, the State adopted new ways of spying on civil society and created new policies to control ICTs. The paper concludes that protecting the decentralized structure of ICT is crucial for Honduran democracy.
Kinematics can help to discriminate the implication of iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius contractures to a knee flexion gait pattern

Abstract Background Excessive Knee Flexion Gait Pattern (KFGP) is a common gait deviation in many pathological conditions. The contractures of the muscles that have been identified as being responsible of KFGP are: iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius. Research question How do isolated contractures of the iliopsoas, hamstrings and gastrocnemius impact knee flexion during gait? Methods Three levels of contracture (mild, moderate and severe) were simulated bilaterally using an exoskeleton on 10 healthy participants for iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles. A gait analysis session was performed to evaluate the joint kinematics according to the different simulated contractures. Thirty one parameters were chosen to analyze the kinematics of the thorax, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the kinematic parameters influenced by contractures. Results In addition to a permanent knee flexion observed for the three muscles with contracture: the contracture of the iliopsoas induces a large hip flexion with pronounced anterior pelvis tilt; the contracture of the hamstrings induces an ankle dorsiflexion during the support phase with a posterior pelvis tilt; the contracture of the gastrocnemius induces an absence of first and second rocker of the ankle with a slight flexion of hip and a slight anterior pelvis tilt. Significance These results support the identification of the muscles responsible for a KFGP. A better knowledge of the interactions between contractures and associated joint kinematics of the same and adjacent joints will support the interpretation of gait analyses by more precisely and faster targeting the concerned muscle.
An Alternative Approach to Staff Development.

The TASH Technical Assistance Project was developed to assist state VI-C coordinators with their staff training efforts designed to benefit children and youth who have deaf-blindness. The evaluatio...
Orientalism, the Problematic of Marx, Subaltern Studies

With this new model of political theology in mind, this chapter discusses Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism with respect to its significance and limitations. He classifies Karl Marx as a Eurocentric thinker and attacks Marx’s mode of representation in justifying the British rule in India. Spivak follows in the footsteps of Said. This postcolonial portrayal of Marx causes a debate and becomes a domain of ‘problematic’ standing in need of further clarification. To the degree that postcolonial thinkers under French poststructuralist theory argue against the shibboleth of humanism; they still present a new form of humanism for the subaltern in reference to Antonio Gramsci. I enlarge the place of Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis in a postcolonial setting in critical review of Said and Spivak. In difference from these two thinkers, it is significant to explicate the significance and limitation of Gramsci’s theory of ideology (a la Machiavelli) and his historical materialism in view of Karl Marx’s own thought. This study facilitates political theology in its critical engagement with the postcolonial theory, providing a broader framework for the political theology to take into account subaltern studies and Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis.
A Multilevel Investigation into Contextual Reliability in the Designation of Cognitive Health Conditions among U.S. Children

Unreliable diagnoses (e.g., based on inconsistent criteria, subjective) may be inaccurate and even inequitable. This study uses an event history approach with yearly child- and school-level data fr...
GAN-Sec: Generative Adversarial Network Modeling for the Security Analysis of Cyber-Physical Production Systems

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) will usher a new era of smart manufacturing. However, CPPS will be vulnerable to cross-domain attacks due to the interactions between the cyber and physical domains. To address the challenges of modeling cross-domain security in CPPS, we are proposing GAN-Sec, a novel conditional Generative Adversarial Network based modeling approach to abstract and estimate the relations between the cyber and physical domains. Using GAN-Sec, we are able to determine if various security requirements such as confidentiality, availability, and integrity are met. We provide a security analysis of an additive manufacturing system to demonstrate the applicability of GAN-Sec.
Abstract 1748: RAD51 has an anti-recombinase activity that is countered by BRCA2 - In vitro

Homologous Recombination (HR) is a high-fidelity process with a range of biologic functions from generation of genetic diversity to repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In mammalian cells, BRCA2 facilitates the polymerization of RAD51 onto ssDNA to form a presynaptic nucleoprotein filament. This filament can then strand invade a homologous dsDNA to form the displacement loop (D-loop) structure leading to the eventual DSB repair. This pro-recombinatory feature of RAD51-BRCA2 is well documented. Here, we present biochemical evidence that RAD51 can cause D-loop disassembly. Furthermore, we show that this RAD51 anti-recombinatory activity is countered by BRCA2. These results demonstrate that BRCA2 may have a previously unexpected role: regulation of HR at a post-synaptic stage by modulating RAD51-mediated D-loop dissociation. Our results provide a biochemical mechanistic understanding of homeostasis between RAD51 and BRCA2, which has been suggested to be an important factor of HR based on previously published cellular data. Citation Format: Charles Wang, Judit Jimenez-Sainz, Ryan B. Jensen, Alexander A. Mazin. RAD51 has an anti-recombinase activity that is countered by BRCA2 - In vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1748.
Light-trapping enhancement in thin film solar cells with photonic crystals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Thin Film Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Photonic Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DBR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2D Photonic Crystal Slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Scattering Matrix Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CHAPTER 2 ENHANCING AND EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS WITH PHOTONIC CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Theoretical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Light-trapping Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Simulation and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Intervention focus moderates the association between initial receptive language and language outcomes for toddlers with developmental delay.

This ex-post facto study reanalyzed data from Romski et al. to examine whether intervention focus moderated the relationship between pre-intervention standardized measures of receptive language and...
WisdomNet: trustable machine learning toward error-free classification

Misclassification is a critical problem in many machine learning applications. Since even the classifier models with high accuracy (e.g., > 95%) still introduce some misclassification error, it may not be possible to rely on the output of a classifier. In this paper, we introduce trustable learning, which prompts the learning model to yield only the true output, thus avoiding misclassifications. Whenever the model cannot decide the output accurately, the learning model should indicate that there could be a misclassification error if it is forced to classify, and hence, it should reject to make a decision or defer it to a human expert. Therefore, we develop a methodology for trustable learning and apply it to artificial neural networks and show that it is possible to develop a classifier with 0% misclassification error. We propose a novel neural network architecture named WisdomNet that could provide zero prediction error by introducing an additional neuron named as conjugate neuron that would indicate whether the network is able to classify the data correctly or not. The WisdomNet architecture can be applied to any previously built model, and we have evaluated WisdomNet with several network architectures such as multilayer perceptron, convolutional neural network, and deep network on different data sets. The results show that the WisdomNet is able to reduce the classification error rate to 0%, while labeling the data is difficult to classify as ‘reject’ at a low percentage of within around 10%.
Imagine a World Without Money

This chapter starts with a scene from a fictional downtown where a festival is underway. The reader is then asked to imagine a scenario where money did not exist and barter was the only way to buy and sell goods and services. Then, I introduce the concept of money: What attributes something that can function as money needs to have. I introduce the reader to a fictional money called Pecuna. The purpose of creating a new name for currency is to start afresh and tie it to the economy from the very beginning. Existing forms of currency—dollar, pound, euro, Renminbi, etc.—have well-established characters, in and of themselves. This makes it more difficult to make the very important point that to properly understand money, it has to be tied to the underlying economy.
“Sharing Hope and Healing”: A Culturally Tailored Social Media Campaign to Promote Living Kidney Donation and Transplantation Among Native Americans:

In this article, the authors discuss a community-based participatory research (CBPR)–driven and culturally tailored social media campaign to promote living kidney donation and transplantation (LKDT...
Off-Hours Facility Use in Public High Schools: Physical Activity Potential vs. Reality.

Purpose: Public high school campuses in the United States are generally built with multiple dedicated physical activity facilities from soccer fields to swimming pools. When viewed from a community...
Allosteric SHP2 inhibitors in cancer: Targeting the intersection of RAS, resistance, and the immune microenvironment.

Abstract The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11) integrates growth and differentiation signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) into the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Considered ‘undruggable’ over three decades, SHP2 is now a potentially druggable target with the advent of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors. These agents hold promise for improving patient outcomes, showing efficacy in preclinical cancer models, where SHP2 is critical for either oncogenic signaling or resistance to current targeted agents. SHP2 inhibition may also produce immunomodulatory effects in certain tumor microenvironment cells to help cultivate antitumor immune responses. The first generation of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors is under clinical evaluation to determine safety, appropriate tolerability management, and antitumor efficacy, investigations that will dictate future clinical applications.
A Filtering Model With Steady-State Housing

This paper presents a filtering model of the housing market which is similar to Sweeney's (1974 b), except that the maintenance technology is such that housing can be maintained at a constant quality level as well as downgraded, and population at each income level grows continuously over time. In equilibrium, at each moment of time, some housing is allowed to deteriorate in quality, and other housing is maintained in a steady-state interval of qualities.
Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Large-Scale, Homogenizing Dynamic Exchange of Proteins and RNA Among Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) and Human Cells

Cells in culture are viewed as unique individuals in a large population communicating through extracellular molecules and, more recently extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our data here paints a different picture: the homogenizing effect of large-scale exchange of cellular material through EVs. We show that Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells dynamically produce and uptake EVs, to exchange proteins and RNAs at large-scale. To visualize the dynamic production and cellular uptake of EVs, we used correlative confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as flow cytometry to interrogate labeled cells. We employed cells expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP, miRFP703) and tagged cells with protein and RNA dyes. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the exchange of cellular RNA between cells through EVs. This EV-mediated dynamic exchange observed in CHO cultures was also observed in cultures of the human CHRF-288-11 cell line and of primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This study demonstrates an underappreciated native cell communication and protein/RNA exchange mechanism mediated by EVs spanning cell type and lines, suggesting the proximity of cells in normal and tumor tissues may also result in prolific cellular exchange. This exchange would be expected to homogenize the cell-population cytoplasm and dynamically regulate cell proliferation and cellular state.
Attenuating persistent sodium current induced atrial myopathy and fibrillation by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Mechanistically driven therapies for atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, are urgently needed, the development of which require improved understanding of the cellular signaling pathways that facilitate the structural and electrophysiological remodeling that occurs in the atria. Similar to humans, increased persistent Na+ current leads to the development of an atrial myopathy and spontaneous and long-lasting episodes of AF in mice. How increased persistent Na+ current causes both structural and electrophysiological remodeling in the atria is unknown. We cross-bred mice expressing human F1759A-NaV1.5 channels with mice expressing human mitochondrial catalase (mCAT). Increased expression of mitochondrial catalase attenuated mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the structural remodeling that was induced by persistent F1759A-Na+ current. Despite the heterogeneously prolonged atrial action potential, which was unaffected by the reduction in ROS, the incidence of both spontaneous AF and pacing-induced after-depolarizations and AF was substantially reduced. Expression of mitochondrial catalase markedly reduced persistent Na+ current induced ryanodine receptor oxidation and dysfunction. In summary, increased persistent Na+ current in atrial cardiomyocytes, which is observed in patients with AF, induces atrial enlargement, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysmorphology, early after-depolarizations and AF, all of which can be attenuated by resolving mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Effect of gossypol on hepatic and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in rats.

A single intraperitoneal dose (25 mg/kg) of gossypol given to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused marked changes in the activity of the hepatic and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and microsomal monooxygenases. The GGT activity in liver homogenate, S-9 supernatant fraction and microsomes was significantly depressed; however, the level of serum GGT was elevated. While the hepatic glutathione concentration was not greatly changed, the aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and microsomal cytochrome P450 content of the liver were significantly decreased in the treated rats. At necropsy, the livers of the treated rats appeared generally pale with distinct pinpoint foci. Histopathological examination of the liver showed degenerative changes and coagulative necrosis. The results indicate that gossypol is a strong hepatotoxic agent which can produce severe hepatic damage.
Covenant-Centered Ethics

In the still-emerging field of medical ethics Paul Ramsey’s voice has surely been heard. With the publication of The Patient as Person in 1970, Ramsey established himself as his generation’s most influential American Protestant writer on medical ethics. Unfortunately, however, Ramsey’s conclusions are often better known than the rationale behind them. In order to recognize the rich theological perspective that lies behind Ramsey’s opinions, I will present a brief synopsis of the general theological perspective that nourishes his understanding of the issues.