cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insomnia Is Associated With Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Independent of Depression: A Replication and Extension of Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective Insomnia is associated with suicidality, although the mechanisms of this association are unclear. This study sought to replicate previous findings showing that insomnia symptoms but not sleep duration are associated with frequency of suicidal ideation in adults. We further investigated whether depression or sleep duration moderates the association between insomnia symptoms and frequency of suicidal ideation. Materials and Methods We used the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to replicate previously reported findings from the 2007-2008 cycle. We used ordered logistic regression to determine whether insomnia symptoms were associated with frequency of suicidal ideation independently of depression and other potential confounds. To extend these findings, we tested whether depression or sleep duration moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and frequency of suicidal ideation. We further replicated these findings in parallel analyses using the combined data from the 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 cycles. Results This study replicated previous results showing that insomnia symptoms are associated with frequency of suicidal ideation in the NHANES 2005-2006 cycle (OR = 1.09, p < 0.05), even after adjusting for potentially confounding variables, including depression. Neither depression nor sleep duration moderated this association. Difficulty with sleep maintenance insomnia symptoms were most robustly associated with frequency of suicidal ideation (OR ≥ 1.97, p < 0.05). Sleep duration was not robustly associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusions In this study, we found that insomnia symptoms were uniquely associated with frequency of suicidal ideation. This association cannot be explained by the shared association with depression or sleep duration.
Experience with Posaconazole Use for Fungal Prophylaxis Immediately Post Heart Transplant

Purpose Fungal infections, specifically mucormycosis, are associated with high morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. Noting a recent elevation in our rates of fungal infections, we sought to avoid mucormycosis and other post-Orthotopic Heart Transplant (OHT) fungal infections through the implementation of a systematic antifungal prophylaxis protocol. Methods Posaconazole was selected as the antifungal of choice, given provided mucormycosis coverage not provided by other azoles. We developed a Posaconazole Prophylaxis Protocol (PPP) consisting of post-operative day 1 initiation of posaconazole for a 3-month duration with a goal posaconazole trough level 1000-2000 ng/mL. At time of posaconazole discontinuation, a 2-fold dose escalation of tacrolimus dosing was implemented and bi-weekly tacrolimus levels drawn for 2 weeks to ensure goal calcineurin inhibitor levels. If strong cyp3A4 interactions or prolonged QTc prohibited posaconazole, isavuconazole was used. If early cessation of posaconazole-therapy was necessary, surveillance chest imaging was obtained with chest CT scans. Results In the 13-month period following initiation of our PPP 50 patients underwent OHT. All but one (49/50) patients received therapeutic posaconazole or in the case of drug-drug interactions, isavuconazole. 2/50 were transitioned to isavuconazole due to QT prolongation. 5/50 had posaconazole interruption with the most common reason being liver enzyme elevation (4/50). 45/50 tolerated the 3-month period on systemic azole prophylaxis. During this period there were no systemic fungal infections. Conclusion Our initial 13-month experience with a systematic 3-month antifungal prophylaxis protocol appears to be feasible, safe, and associated with uniform prevention of mucormycosis and other fungal infections that have previously proven to be highly morbid in our OHT recipients.
Maurice Kleman August 11, 1934-January 29, 2021

Maurice Kleman, a founder of the modern understanding of topological defects in ordered media, died on January 29, 2021, in Paris, France. Maurice contributed greatly to many branches of condensed ...
The Benefit of the “And” for Considerations of Language Modality for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children

Purpose Language modality choices for deaf children continue to be an area of debate, but we argue that the dichotomy of “either/or” for language modality is outdated in a world that increasingly v...
Evaluating tsunami damage of wood residential buildings in a coastal community considering waterborne debris from buildings

Abstract Tsunamis are one of the most severe natural hazards that could result in human life loss and extreme damage to structures. During tsunami events, many buildings could experience significant structural damage, and some of them could be washed away. Even with many studies working on data-driven approaches using various statistical methods, the tsunami-induced physical damage to the coastal communities could not be carefully captured, especially with coastal communities with various residential building types and geographic terrains. Numerical analyses that treat buildings as single nodes ignore the effects of neighboring buildings. Nevertheless, the integrity of buildings in communities could be affected by other failed buildings since failed buildings could generate debris and impose additional loadings on neighboring buildings due to waterborne debris. In the present study, a coastal community, including multiple types of wood residential buildings, is selected to evaluate the performance of coastal communities subjected to tsunami-induced damage. Finite element models of typical buildings are established, and the inundation depth map for the community is used to consider tsunami loads. A physics-based approach considering building-generated debris is proposed for damage assessments of the coastal community. Parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the behaviors of buildings under different tsunami loads considering inundation depths, flow velocities, and debris mass. The effects of the waterborne debris generated from the upstream collapsed buildings are considered to update the damage maps of the community to show failed buildings at different flow directions. The failure rate map of the entire community with the consideration of building-generated debris impacts is further obtained. Fragility curves of single buildings are also obtained with the inundation depth treated as a random variable.
He-3 magnetic form factor

The $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ magnetic form factor has been measured for momentum transfers between 0.7 and 11 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ with improved precision over previous measurements. The charge form factor has been measured for momentum transfers less than 1 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The charge radius was determined to be 1.935\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 fm, and the magnetic radius 1.935\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 fm. Comparisons are made with calculations which include meson exchange corrections and reasonable agreement is found.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $d(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}})d$, ${q}^{2}=0.7 \mathrm{to} 11$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, measured magnetic form factor; ${q}^{2}l1$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, measured charge radius.
Effect of Zinc Deficiency and Food Restriction on the Plasma Levels of Prostaglandin Metabolites in Male Rats

The pathological signs of zinc and essential fatty acid deficiencies are highly analogous and aspirin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, produces similar pathology when fed at toxic levels. To investigate the possibility that impaired prostaglandin biosynthesis is involved in the etiology of zinc deficiency pathology, the plasma concentrations of three prostaglandin metabolites were determined in zinc-deficient and control rats. Immature male rats were fed a purified diet low in zinc (less than 1 ppm) for 3 weeks. Ad libitum- and pair-fed controls consumed a similar diet supplemented with 100 ppm zinc. The zinc-deficient rats had low plasma zinc and their plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha and 13,14-dihyro-15-keto PGE2 were significantly higher than those of the pair-fed controls. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not different between the zinc-deficient and pair-fed groups, but was significantly lower in deficient rats than in ad libitum-fed controls. The pair-fed controls had significantly lower plasma concentrations of all three metabolites than did the ad libitum-fed control group. The results suggest no impairment of prostaglandin production in zinc-deficient male rats.
Knowledge translation strategies to improve the resources for rehabilitation counselors to employ best practices in the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services

The purpose of this article is to acknowledge the gap between research and practice in vocational rehabilitation (VR) and provide strategies for VR counselors to help bridge that gap. Evidence-based practice (EBP) and knowledge translation (KT) are two concepts that help the implementation of research into practice and have been adopted in health care and other related fields for many years. Although most research supports the implementation of these theories in health care settings, it is a fairly new concept in vocational rehabilitation. Many barriers, such as inadequate time, limited access to technology and research, and caseload size can inhibit the implementation of EBP and KT for VR counselors. The Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) framework helps to overcome some of these barriers and facilitate counselors' abilities to acquire, apply, and share knowledge and evidence-based approaches. More strategies for facilitating KT and EBP implementation for VR counselors are reviewed.
Reduced Theories in Nonlinear Elasticity

The purpose of this note is to report on the recent development concerning the analysis and the rigorous derivation of thin film models for structures with nontrivial geometry. This includes: (i) shells with mid-surface of arbitrary curvature, and (ii) plates exhibiting residual stress at free equilibria. In the former setting, we derive a full range of models, some of them previously absent from the physics and engineering literature. The latter phenomenon has been observed in different contexts: growing leaves, torn plastic sheets and specifically engineered polymer gels. After reviewing available results, we list open problems with a promising angle of approach.
The Future of Planning: Beyond Growth Dependence by Yvonne Rydin, Bristol, Policy Press, 2013, viii + 232 pp., £18.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-44730-840-9

The way we plan our cities is a complicated endeavor that relies on a variety of actors with varying degrees of power, control, and influence over the decisions that shape urban environments and co...
Differentiation of Serratia from Enterobacter on the Basis of Nucleoside Phosphotransferase Production

Precoated cellulose thin-layer chromatograms were used to detect the production of guanosine 5′-phosphate from guanosine and p-nitrophenylphosphate by whole-cell preparations. One-hundred per cent of Serratia (163 strains) and 84% of E. liquefaciens (15 of 18 strains) produced the nucleotide. All other Enterobacter (23 strains), Klebsiella (10 strains), and E. coli (10 strains) were negative for the production of this nucleotide. The entire test procedure could be carried out in 4 hr. It is proposed that E. liquefaciens is more closely related to Serratia than Enterobacter and that reclassification of these organisms should be investigated.
Determination of Stereoisomers of Heteronuclear Clusters by a Symmetry-Based Algorithm

A general methodology for the determination of all possible stereoisomers of heteronuclear clusters is reported. The paper is divided into three parts: (1) nomenclature—wherein a systematic numbering system for multi-component clusters under which each and every stereoisomer of a given cluster can be uniquely identified is presented; (2) methodology—wherein the general principles for the determination of symmetry analogs are discussed; and (3) computer algorithm—wherein the implementation of the symmetry principles is described. These principles and algorithms are applied to binary (two-component) systems using octahedral and icosahedral clusters as examples.
Reconciling leadership paradigms: Authenticity as practiced by American Indian school leaders

This phenomenological study examined the complexity American Indian K-12 school leaders face on reservations in Montana, USA The study described how these leaders have to reconcile their Westernized educational leadership training with their traditional ways of knowing, living, and leading. Three major themes emerged that enabled these leaders to address racism in their schools and create spaces that were more conducive to the practice of culturally responsive pedagogy. The study highlights how leaders reconcile cultural clashes and confront racism by using identity, relationality, and re-normed practices.
A Comparative Analysis of Computer-Assisted Instruction and Traditional Lecture Instruction for Administration and Management Topics in Physical Therapy Education

Technological advancements and competition in student recruitment have challenged educational institutions to expand upon traditional teaching methods in order to attract, engage and retain students. One strategy to meet this shift from educator-directed teaching to student-centered learning is greater computer utilization as an integral aspect of the learning environment. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of utilizing Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) to teach administration and management content in Physical Therapy (PT) education. It was hypothesized that CAI is equally effective for assimilation of information when compared to traditional lecture instruction (TLI). The sample consisted of third-year entry-level PT students enrolled in an Administration and Management course. Thirty-three of forty students who met the inclusion criteria consented to participate. Both the Mercy College and Seton Hall University IRB boards approved the project and all students signed informed consents. Participants were randomly assigned to the control (TLI, n=16) or experimental (CAI, n=17) group. Each participant completed a pretest on the material to be covered and a demographic survey to assess grade point average (GPA), gender, age and computer literacy. Students then attended the course in the designated medium and took a post-test at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences between the two groups for GPA, age or gender. Both groups showed significant improvement from pretest to post-test (51.5±12.7 to 80.6±7.8; p<0.001), and (52.0±9.5 to 85.1±6.1; p<0.001), respectively. No significant difference was found between the groups for baseline knowledge (52.0±9.5 vs. 51.5±12.7; p=0.905), final exam scores (80.6±7.8 vs. 85.1±6.1; p=0.073) or final course grades (90.2±3.0 vs. 90.5±3.1; p=0.763). The hypotheses that CAI is equally effective for assimilation and retention of information presented in a professional management and administration PT class, when compared to TLI, was supported. Areas for further analysis include examining student satisfaction levels, work efficiency and long-term retention of material. With both teaching methods found to be equally effective, educators can utilize CAI to promote a student-centered experience for the high tech learners of today. Hiring faculty from remote locations to fill positions for which candidates are unavailable locally, and allowing instructors to teach multiple sections of the same course at different geographic campuses, is also possible with CAI. Additionally, if the instructor or student is absent or a lecture is not finished in the classroom, the material can be placed online. This new evidence supports the use of CAI in teaching administration and management material to PT students, providing institutions of higher learning with an alternative teaching strategy to meet the needs of today’s students.
Local wound exploration remains a valuable triage tool for the evaluation of anterior abdominal stab wounds

Abstract Background Recent guidelines do not support local wound exploration (LWE) or diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in the evaluation of patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds (AASWs), favoring computed tomography scanning or serial examinations. In patients without immediate indications for laparotomy, we hypothesized that LWE/DPL would identify patients requiring surgery while limiting unnecessary hospital admissions. Methods Patients sustaining penetrating trauma at our level I trauma center over a 3-year period were reviewed. Results During the study period, 139 patients with AASW followed our LWE/DPL algorithm. Fifty-six patients had LWE without fascial penetration: 46 were discharged immediately, 10 required admission. Fifty-eight patients had fascial penetration on LWE but negative DPL: 37 were observed for less than 24 hours, 19 were observed for more than 24 hours, and 2 patients developed peritonitis requiring exploration. Twenty-five patients had positive LWE/DPL: 13 had therapeutic laparotomy, 12 had nontherapeutic laparotomy. Conclusions Only 11% of patients with AASWs without overt indication for laparotomy require surgical care. LWE remains a valid method to exclude intra-abdominal injury and to eliminate hospitalization in more than one third of AASW patients.
Characterization of radio frequency sputtered Si x Ge 1-x O y thin films for uncooled micro-bolometer

Thin film Si x Ge 1-x O y were deposited on glass, silicon and SiO 2 by RF magnetron sputtering using co-sputtering of silicon and germanium targets in an environment of oxygen and argon. Silicon percentage was varied from ~7% to 22%. Exact contents of each material were determined by XRD/EDS and electrical properties of amorphous compound were studied. High values of temperature coefficient of resistance were obtained in specific conditions. the highest achieved TCR at room temperature was (5.8%/K) using Si 0.177 Ge 0.726 O 0.097 (film deposited at 400 °C). The measured resistivity on this sample was 14.6 Ω cm.
Surgical revascularization for cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Is it still an option?

Objectives Cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains a major cause of mortality after cardiac transplantation. Percutaneous revascularization has become the mainstay of therapy given the poor historical outcomes with surgery. Outcomes following surgical revascularization are evaluated to determine whether surgery remains a viable therapeutic option. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 13 heart transplant recipients who had cardiac allograft vasculopathy requiring coronary artery bypass grafting with or without adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization from 1999 to 2008. Results Thirteen patients had 14 coronary artery bypass grafting procedures at 141 ± 66 months after transplantation. The average number of grafts was 2.3. Eight were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass, of which 5 were approached via left thoracotomy and the remainder via repeat sternotomy. One patient had renal failure and a cerebrovascular accident. Percutaneous coronary intervention before or after coronary artery bypass grafting was required in 3 patients. There were no perioperative mortalities. At mean follow-up of 39 ± 36 months, 3 patients have died, 2 from progressive cardiac allograft vasculopathy and 1 from lung cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival for this group of patients was 92%, 83%, and 83% at 1, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Conclusions Surgical revascularization for cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains a viable treatment option for appropriate patients and may be performed safely with good medium-term outcomes. However, patients remain at risk for disease progression and may require percutaneous or surgical reintervention.
Identifying Opportunities for Valuable Encounters: Toward Context-Aware Social Matching Systems

Mobile social matching systems have the potential to transform the way we make new social ties, but only if we are able to overcome the many challenges that exist as to how systems can utilize contextual data to recommend interesting and relevant people to users and facilitate valuable encounters between strangers. This article outlines how context and mobility influence people's motivations to meet new people and presents innovative design concepts for mediating mobile encounters through context-aware social matching systems. Findings from two studies are presented. The first, a survey study (n = 117) explored the concept of contextual rarity of shared user attributes as a measure to improve desirability in mobile social matches. The second, an interview study (n = 58) explored people's motivations to meet others in various contexts. From these studies we derived a set of novel context-aware social matching concepts, including contextual sociability and familiarity as an indicator of opportune social context; contextual engagement as an indicator of opportune personal context; and contextual rarity, oddity, and activity partnering as an indicator of opportune relational context. The findings of these studies establish the importance of different contextual factors and frame the design space of context-aware social matching systems.
Electron spin resonance of gamma‐irradiated cellulose

Irradiation of purified cellulose with Co/sup 60/ gamma rays in vacuo produced moderate yields of radicals detectable by electron spin resonance. The ESR spectrum was asymmetric, with five partially resolved peaks occupying a total region of about 50 gauss wide and a spectroscopic splitting factor near g = 2. The peaks showed differing saturation behavior with increasing microwave power. Differences of crystallinity had no obvious effect on the yield or nature of the radical ESR spectrum. The presence of about 8% H/sub 2/O during irradiation decreased the yield greatly and modified the hyperfine structure. For dry cellulose the initial G value for radicals was near 2.8 radicals per 100 ev absorbed, but the concentration leveled off at doses a little over 6 x 10/sup 20/ ev/g. Despite the early falling-off in yield, the radicals in stored irradiated specimens did not decay appreciably in several days. Even upon contact with air the decay was quite slow. Thermal decay was imperfectiy second-order, fairly rapid above 120 un. Concent 85% C, and indicated several radicals of differing lifetimes. (auth)
Intracranial alpha-methyl-P-tyrosine and response for electrical brain stimulation.

Abstract Chemitrodes, allowing electrical and chemical stimulation of the brain at the same site, were implanted in 18 rats aimed at the medial forebrain bundle of the lateral hypothalamus. After these animals were trained to bar-press for electrical brain stimulation, the crystalline form of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT), an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis, was administered intracranially, and change in response rate was noted. Intracranial tyrosine administration was also tested as a control study. It was found that AMPT depressed rate of response for intracranial self-stimulation, whereas tyrosine administered intracranially exhibited no such effects. This result lends support to data reported in the literature on the use of AMPT administered intraperitoneally or orally, and suggests a noradrenergic or dopaminergic system of reward in the lateral hypothalamus.
Investigation of seabed fishing impacts on benthic structure using multi-beam sonar, sidescan sonar, and video

Long, linear furrows of lengths up to several kilometres were observed during a recent high-resolution, multi-beam bathymetry survey of Jeffreys Ledge, a prominent fishing ground in the Gulf of Maine located about 50 km from Portsmouth, NH, USA. These features, which have a relief of only a few centimetres, are presumed to be caused either directly by dredging gear used in the area for scallop and clam fisheries, or indirectly through the dragging of boulders by bottom gear. Extraction of these features with very small vertical expression from a noisy data set, including several instrumental artefacts, presented a number of challenges. To enhance the detection and identification of the features, data artefacts were identified and removed selectively using spatial frequency filtering. Verification of the presence of the features was carried out with repeated multi-beam bathymetry surveys and sidescan sonar surveys. Seabed marks that were clearly detected on multi-beam and sidescan sonar records were not discernible on a subsequent video survey. The inability to see the seabed marks with video may be related to their age. The fact that with time, the textural contrasts discernible by video imagery are lost has important ramifications for the appropriateness of methodologies for quantifying gear impact. The results imply that detailed investigations of seabed impact are best done with a suite of survey tools (multi-beam bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and video) and software to integrate the disparate data sets geographically.
Homotyrosine-Containing Cyanopeptolins 880 and 960 and Anabaenopeptins 908 and 915 from Planktothrix agardhii CYA 126/8

Two homotyrosine-bearing cyanopeptolins are described from Planktothrix agardhii CYA 126/8. The compounds feature a common homotyrosine-containing cyclohexadepsipeptide and differ by sulfation of an exocyclically located 2-O-methyl-d-glyceric acid residue. In addition we describe two anabaenopeptins, which contain two homotyrosine residues, one of which is N-methylated. The anabaenopeptins have a common cyclopentapeptide portion and differ in the amino acid linked to it via an ureido bond, arginine and tyrosine, respectively.
Cognitive Effects of Resecting Basal Temporal Language Areas

Electrical stimulation of the basal temporal region of the dominant hemisphere before partial temporal lobectomy for epilepsy sometimes produces temporary interruption of language function, but the significance of removal of this area is unknown. We evaluated the correlation between resection of the basal temporal language areas (BTLA) and certain types of postoperative language deficits. In a population of 25 patients, we mapped the inferolateral temporal lobe with cortical electrical stimulation, verifying the positions of the stimulating electrodes with three-dimensional computed tomography (CT). Eighty percent of the patients developed transient language deficits with stimulation, particularly with tests of confrontation naming and comprehension. BTLA was primarily located in the fusiform gyrus, from 1 to 9 cm from the temporal tip. At testing 6-12 months after operation, patients with BTLA resection performed worse (mean 9% decrease) than those with no BTLA resection (mean 4% improvement) on tests of confrontation naming (p = 0.03). Resection size accounted for less of the variance in decrease in confrontation naming than did resection of the BTLA. Tests of performance I.Q. (PIQ), verbal I.Q. (VIQ), or recognition memory for word and verbal learning showed no significant difference between these groups. Most patients do not have language decrease with removal of basal temporal lobe 5-6 cm from the tip, even with removal of BTLA. Some patients, however, have persistent decrease in naming.
Sintering of Au Particles Supported on TiO2(110) during CO Oxidation

Sintering of supported metal catalysts is of primary interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The presence of reactant gases, especially oxidants, often accelerates the sintering of supported metal catalysts. Our in situ studies using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) compare the sintering of Au particles supported on TiO2(110) in the presence of CO, O2, or mixtures of the two gases. The results reveal a synergetic effect of CO/O2 mixtures in accelerating the sintering of supported Au particles. By monitoring the morphological changes of individual Au particles, in situ studies allow investigation of the sintering kinetics of Au particles supported on TiO2(110) during CO oxidation. The results support a reactant-induced mechanism and provide a more complete kinetic description of the sintering of supported metal catalysts beyond a mean-field description.
A comparison of the meulengracht and sippy therapies in the care of bleeding peptic ulcers

In conclusion, therefore, we have found that the mortality on the Meulengracht regimen closely approximates the Sippy treatment insofar as we can determine from a small series of cases. It surpasses the Sippy in being pleasanter for the patients and in maintaining their strength. We could not obtain evidence that Weeding stopped any quicker on the Meulengracht or that the extra food increased the rate of blood regeneration.
ERCP in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: creation of an antegrade gastrogastric conduit using a fully covered metal esophageal stent.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a Rouxen-Y gastric bypass remains very challenging. Placement of a large biliary stent is typically not feasible using single-balloon enteroscopy. We describe the use of a fully covered, metal esophageal stent to access the excluded stomach and perform ERCP. A 49-year-old woman who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and cholecystectomy in 1999 was referred in July 2009 for evaluation of chronic pancreatitis associated with abdominal pain since 2007.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed atrophic fibrotic change of the pancreas with irregularity of the pancreatic duct, biliary dilatation, and mild dehiscence of the staple line between the gastric remnant and the excluded stomach. An initial endoscopy confirmed a defect in the staple line and using a Hydra wire (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA), the tract was dilated using a balloon
Transient forced convection in laminar channel flow with stepwise variations of wall temperature

Transient laminar forced convection of Newtonian fluids inside circular ducts and parallel-plate channels subjected to stepwise variations of wall temperature is considered. Approximate analytical solutions are developed by making use of the generalized integral transform and the classical Laplace transform techniques. Higher order solutions are given for the case of a step change in wall temperature. A second-order accurate finite-difference solution is developed to assess the accuracy of the available approximate solutions. The Sign-Count method is used to solve the resulting eigenvalue problems and determine as many eigenvalues and eigenfunctions as needed. Results are presented for the local Nusselt number, average fluid temperature and the wall heat flux over a wide range of the dimensionless axial coordinate.
COVARIATION ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCES IN RECURRENT PROTEIN LOCAL STRUCTURES

Local structural information is supposed to be frequently encoded in local amino acid sequences. Previous research only indicated that some local structure positions have specific residue preferences in some particular local structures. However, correlated pairwise replacements for interacting residues in recurrent local structural motifs from unrelated proteins have not been studied systematically. We introduced a new method fusing statistical covariation analysis and local structure-based alignment. Systematic analysis of structure-based multiple alignments of recurrent local structures from unrelated proteins in representative subset of Protein Databank indicates that covarying residue pairs with statistical significance exist in local structural motifs, in particular β-turns and helix caps. These residue pairs are mostly linked through polar functional groups with direct or indirect hydrogen bonding. Hydrophobic interaction is also a major factor in constraining pairwise amino acid residue replacement in recurrent local structures. We also found correlated residue pairs that are not clearly linked with through-space interactions. The physical constrains underlying these covariations are less clear. Overall, covarying residue pairs with statistical significance exist in local structures from unrelated proteins. The existence of sequence covariations in local structural motifs from unrelated proteins indicates that many relics of local relations are still retained in the tertiary structures after protein folding. It supports the notion that some local structural information is encoded in local sequences and the local structural codes could play important roles in determining native state protein folding topology.
Transition Assessment: Using Gap Analysis to Enhance Effective Transition Planning.

Over the past decade, there has been an increased emphasis on transition planning for students with exceptional needs. This is in part the result of the mandates contained in the Individuals with D...
Prophylactic Acetaminophen Does Not Prevent Epidural Fever in Nulliparous Women: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: Epidural analgesia is associated with a four- to five- fold increase in noninfectious maternal fever in nulliparous women. Fever prophylaxis may safely reduce both unnecessary neonatal sepsis evaluations and the potential effect of fever on the fetus. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Immediately after epidural placement, full-term nulliparas with a temperature of 100.4°F was identical in the acetaminophen and placebo groups (23.8%, p=1.0). Neonatal surveillance blood cultures did not reveal occult infection. CONCLUSIONS: Acetaminophen prophylaxis prevented neither maternal hyperthermia nor fever secondary to epidural analgesia, suggesting that the mechanism underlying fever does not include centrally mediated perturbations of maternal thermoregulation.
Chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite induced by low-energy D2+ bombardment

Abstract Results of chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite by impact of D 2 + in the energy range 10–250 eV/D are presented. Our experimental approach is based on the use of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) which samples the partial pressures of selected mass species in the scattering chamber resulting from the incident ion beam. Based on in situ measurements of cracking patterns and QMS sensitivities using calibrated leaks, sputtering yields are presented for the production of methane and acetylene for sample temperatures of 300 K and 800 K. In the energy range 10–60 eV/D, CD4 appears to be the dominant light stable hydrocarbon detected at room temperature. With increasing D 2 + energy, its contribution is found to decrease, while the contribution of C2D2 is virtually unchanged. In contrast to what is observed for the sample at room temperature, at 800 K a dramatic increase in the CD4 production is observed with increasing beam energy, which is also manifested in the production of C2D2, although to a smaller degree.
Use of a hybrid code for global-scale simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere

Abstract An understanding of the Earth's magnetosphere and the magnetospheric substorm requires an ability to simulate kinetic processes in a global context. To this end we have developed a hybrid code with a number of innovative features: (1) The code uses a general curvilinear coordinate grid enabling it to accommodate disparate size scales. (2) The cold, dense plasma inside the plasmapause, where kinetic effects are unimportant, is treated in the fluid approximation. There is a seamless interface between the fluid and kinetic descriptions. (3) The field update is subcycled to the particle update to circumvent the Courant condition with respect to the propagation of Alfven and whistler mode waves. A two-dimensional version of the code has established a causal link between events in the plasma sheet and the filamentary currents carried by auroral electrons. We are now embarking on the development of a full three-dimensional code for the coupled ionosphere–magnetosphere–magnetosheath system. The simulation domain is comprised of seven discontinuously joined coordinate patches. The Earth's ionospheric shell constitutes one of the boundary surfaces.
Experimental characterization of premixed spherical ethylene/air flames under sooting conditions

Abstract Purely curved, premixed, sooting ethylene/air flames were studied using a spherical porous burner under microgravity. These weak, fuel-rich flames were shown to be stabilized without the complications of hydrodynamic straining and conductive heat loss to the burner. Using the rainbow Schlieren deflectometry (RSD) optical system, the flames were imaged and the sooting flame speeds and flame thicknesses of ethylene/air mixtures were determined in the equivalence ratio range of 3.0–4.5, and for selected equivalence ratios, with additional nitrogen dilution. Numerical results obtained with detailed reaction kinetics and transport properties, but without considering soot chemistry and radiation, were shown to over-predict the flame intensity.
On a Screw Dislocation Interacting With Two Viscous Interfaces

We investigate a screw dislocation interacting with two concentric circular linear viscous interfaces. The inner viscous interface is formed by the circular inhomogeneity and the interphase layer, and the outer viscous interface by the interphase layer and the unbounded matrix. The time-dependent stresses in the inhomogeneity, interphase layer, and unbounded matrix induced by the screw dislocation located within the interphase layer are derived. Also obtained is the time-dependent image force on the screw dislocation due to its interaction with the two viscous interfaces. It is found that when the interphase layer is more compliant than both the inhomogeneity and the matrix, three transient equilibrium positions (two are unstable and one is stable) for the dislocation can coexist at a certain early time moment. If the inhomogeneity and matrix possess the same shear modulus, and the characteristic times for the two viscous interfaces are also the same, a fixed equilibrium position always exists for the dislocation. In addition, when the interphase layer is stiffer than the inhomogeneity and matrix, the fixed equilibrium position is always an unstable one; on the other hand, when the interface layer is more compliant than the inhomogeneity and matrix, the nature of the fixed equilibrium position depends on the time: the fixed equilibrium position is a stable one if the time is below a critical value, and it is an unstable one if the time is above the critical value. In addition, a saddle point transient equilibrium position for the dislocation can also be observed under certain conditions.
Childhood misbehavior and the risk of injecting drug use.

Abstract This investigation examined the association between misbehavior in early life and subsequent injecting drug use (IDU) among Baltimore participants in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. Information about early misbehavior was collected in 1981 and about IDU in 1994–1996. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the degree of association between early misbehavior and IDU, with injecting drug users (n=38) and controls matched on census tract of residence (n=745), selected from within the same community survey sample, and assessed in a methodologically identical manner. Early misbehavior was associated with subsequent IDU, independent of the associations with sex, age, and race. The estimated risk of IDU increased with the number of reported conduct problems. Early misbehavior also discriminated between injecting drug users and non-injecting drug users. These results, which support and extend earlier findings, have public health implications for preventing and stopping the risk-laden practice of injecting drug use.
Who is breast-feeding? Recent trends from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system.

Abstract Objective To examine breast-feeding initiation and continuation among women with recent live births in 10 states. Study design By using Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System surveillance data (n = 96,204), we assessed breast-feeding initiation and continuation for ≥10 weeks among women with recent deliveries from 1993 to 1998. We used 1993 as the base for comparing results by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Ten states showed a significant increase of 18% in initiation of breast-feeding from 1993 to 1998, from 57.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.6-58.4) to 67.5% (95% CI, 66.1-68.9). Initiation increased among vulnerable groups such as low-income and black women, participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program, and mothers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The percentage of women predominantly breast-feeding at ≥10 weeks among women who initiated remained stable: 58.5% (95% CI, 56.5-60.5) in 1993 and 57.9% (95% CI, 56.0-59.8) in 1998. More women in vulnerable groups initiated breast-feeding, but those from higher socioeconomic groups continued breast-feeding. Conclusions Breast-feeding initiation significantly increased, and several states exceeded the year 2010 objective. Breast-feeding continuation among women who initiated remained stable; however, gaps remained, indicating a continued need to implement breast-feeding promotion programs. (J Pediatr 2003;142:486-91)
Impact of Peer Code Review on Peer Impression Formation: A Survey

Peer code review has been adopted as an effective quality improvement practice by many Open Source Software (OSS) communities. In addition to increasing software quality, there is anecdotal evidence that peer code review has other benefits, including: sharing knowledge, sharing expertise, sharing development techniques, and most importantly building accurate peer impressions between the code review participants. To further investigate the presence of these benefits, we surveyed members of popular OSS communities who were involved with peer code review. We used established scales from Psychology, Information science, and Organizational Behavior to create survey questions. We also enforced multiple reliability and validity measures to ensure higher confidence in the survey results. In this paper, we present a subset of the surveys results focused on better understanding four aspects of peer impression formation: trust, reliability, perception of expertise, and friendship. The results indicate that there is indeed a high level of trust, reliability, perception of expertise, and friendship between OSS peers who have participated in code review for a period of time. Because code review involves examining someone else's code, unsurprisingly, peer code review helped most in building a perception of expertise between code review partners.
Orthemis sibylla, a junior synonym of O. ambirufa (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Abstract Orthemis sibylla is shown to be a junior synonym of O. ambirufa, based on a comparison of the holotype male of O. ambirufa with voucher specimens in the UMMZ identified as O. sibylla by Ris and specimens of this species from French Guiana and Venezuela in the RWG collection. Diagnostic characters of the male holotype of O. ambirufa are illustrated, and compared with those of O. levis.
Spin density distributions in some fluorinated radical anions

Abstract A one-parameter relation between isotropic fluorine splitting and π-electron spin density on attached carbon is shown to be adequate to explain the fluorine splittings in various fluorinated radical anions.
A Comparison of Field and Molecular Techniques for Sexing Beavers

Abstract The traditional method of sex identification in beavers (Castor canadensis) by external palpation can be inaccurate. We tested 2 genetic methods for determining sex in beavers, the zinc-finger DNA marker and the Y chromosome–specific sex determining region (SRY) marker. The SRY marker identified sex correctly in 57 of 67 (85%) beavers, whereas the zinc-finger technique was successful less often in only 48 of 67 (72%) animals. Sex was correctly assigned by palpation for 21 of 27 beavers (78%). Beaver studies in which accurate sex identification is critical may benefit by verifying the sex of individuals using one or both of these molecular markers.
Relaxation treatment of insomnia

Fourteen insomniac university students received either relaxation training or placebo therapy. Following a two week baseline self-observation period, subjects underwent six one-half hour sessions of either group relaxation or group placebo treatment. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in their sleep patterns but the relaxation group demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the placebo therapy group. Relaxation can be an effective treatment method for insomnia but expectation and demand characteristics are contributing factors.
The Value of Information in Risky Markets: Discussion

The three papers in this session illustrate well the breadth of the challenge posed to economists by the study of risk and information. The theoretical research is filled with paradoxes, and we are just now understanding existence, uniqueness, and stability of equilibria in these models. Research in these areas is quite difficult but also exciting; in many respects, information is what economic theory is all about once the fiction of complete ArrowDebreu markets is dropped. The applied economist faces additional problems of practical definition, measurement, and data. Thus, empirical work is lagging significantly behind the theory. The authors of these papers are to be applauded for collectively demonstrating both how far we have come and how much work there remains for the rest of us. Buccola's paper addresses fundamental issues of the efficiency of decentralized markets under risk. He makes a good point that for full efficiency to hold, two conditions are required: markets must exhibit weak informational efficiency, and the equilibrium price must be given by the competitive equilibrium. I focus on the second condition. With durable assets, the relevant concept is an intertemporal competitive equilibrium path. We know from the macroeconomic and capital theory literatures that it is perfectly possible for markets to incorporate available information and for spot markets to clear at each date, yet for the economy to be on an inefficient path that does not converge to equilibrium in the long run. The dynamic competitive equilibrium is even harder to compute than the static one; this undermines the relevance of laboratory experiments. This is closely related to the idea of a speculative bubble in which an asset's price does not equal its market fundamental and diverges farther from it over time. Rational expectations does not necessarily rule this out (Diba and Grossman, Blanchard and Watson). Where it does, it eliminates this ki d of inefficiency by assuming that agents always act so that transversality conditions hold. I can think of no very believable reason for this continuously to be so. Has the market for agricultural land, a market not considered by Buccola, been subject recently to such a bubble and crash?