cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Maximum Executable Length for Detecting Text-Based Malware

The possibility of using purely text stream (keyboard-enterable) as carrier of malware is under-researched and often under estimated. A text attack can happen at multiple levels, from code-injection attacks at the top level to host-compromising text-based machine code at the lowest level. Since a large number of protocols are text-based, at times the servers based on those protocols use ASCII filters to allow text input only. However, simply applying ASCII filters to weed out the binary data is not enough from the security viewpoint since the assumption that malware are always binary is false. We show that although text is a subset of binary, binary malware detectors cannot always detect text malware. We analyze the MEL (maximum executable length)-based detection schemes, and make two contributions by this analysis. First, although the concept of MEL has been used in various detection schemes earlier, we are the first to provide its underlying mathematical foundation. We show that the threshold value can be calculated from the input character frequencies and that it can be tuned to control the detection sensitivity. Second, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a MEL-based text malware detector by exploiting the specific properties of text streams.
Principles of advanced quench detection design in cable-in-conduit (CICC) magnets

The design and development of novel quench detection systems for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) has advanced our knowledge of design principles governing quench detection systems. Design studies have quantified the detection signal-noise ratios for several types of quench detector, including external and cowound voltage sensors, fiber optic temperature sensors, and optical and piezoresistive flow meters. The effects of sensor placement and subdivision have also been studied. Sensor topologies with the highest signal-noise ratios are identified. Fiber-optic and voltage sensors have been fabricated for the ITER QUELL experiment, that have demonstrated the capacity to survive cabling and compaction, heat treatment, and cooldown to low temperature with tight conduit bend radii. Extraction techniques have been developed that use redundant seals and coefficient-of-expansion matching to guarantee leak-tightness. Electrical integrity is guaranteed in a design through the control of electrical fields in the feedthrough geometry and insulation material selection.
A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Under-Eating in Homebound Older Adults: The Importance of Social Factors

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between medical, functional, economic, oral health, social, religious, and psychological factors and under-eating in homebound older adults. The focus of the study was on identifying potentially modifiable factors amenable to social and behavioral interventions.
Context and culture: African-American elders’ experiences of depression

The word “depression” is used in many forums, such as clinically or colloquially. Our study explored how the word is used culturally and experientially in a particular group of individuals. In this article, we examine the meaning of depression to a sample of 60 African-American men and women with varying levels of health and functional status. We presented the word depression in our interview questionnaire but did not pre-define the word, nor did anyone in the sample ask us to define it. A key finding of this article is that the way in which persons construct an experience of depression, their expression of it, and their perception of an appropriate resolution emerges from their belief system. Our data offered a window into the internal world of elders, particularly the cultural and religious beliefs and traditions that shaped their processes of defining, interpreting, and resolving depression. For this group, resolving depression meshed with the spiritual adaptive strategies, such as reliance on God, com...
Visual recommendations for network navigation

Understanding large, complex networks is important for many critical tasks, including decision making, process optimization, and threat detection. Existing network analysis tools often lack intuitive interfaces to support the exploration of large scale data. We present a visual recommendation system to help guide users during navigation of network data. Collaborative filtering, similarity metrics, and relative importance are used to generate recommendations of potentially significant nodes for users to explore. In addition, graph layout and node visibility are adjusted in real-time to accommodate recommendation display and to reduce visual clutter. Case studies are presented to show how our design can improve network exploration.
A generalization of the Marmarou model

The Marmarou model has fundamentally influenced the development of mathematical pressure-volume models of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. It is a non-linear ordinary differential equation which is solvable in closed-form. The solution provides valuable analytical insights into the nature of the circulatory dynamics of CSF. It would be useful to generalize the Marmarou model to a broader class of polynomials to expand its scope to other CSF and Hydrocephalus phenomena.
Dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor: Report of a rare occurrence and review of literature

A case of dens evaginatus (DE) and dens invaginatus (DI) concurrently affecting the maxillary right permanent lateral incisor in a 25-year-old Hispanic male is reported. DE, referred to as Talon's cusp in the anterior teeth and Leong's premolar in the premolar teeth, is a relatively rare condition by itself. An association of DI with this rare anomaly within the same tooth has never been reported before although it has been known to occur within the same patient. Since it is known that DE may be composed of normal enamel and dentine, as well as varying amounts of pulpal tissue, care should be exercised while performing any aesthetic procedures to remove or recontour it.
Humility, Compassion, and Gratitude to God: Assessing the Relationships Among Key Religious Virtues

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religion and gratitude to God. A special emphasis is placed on key virtues that are promoted in the church. A conceptual model is developed that contains the following core hypotheses: (a) more frequent attendance at religious services will bolster feelings of religious commitment, (b) people who are more committed to their faith will be more likely to adopt religious teachings that extol the virtue of humility, (c) people who are more humble will be more compassionate, (d) individuals who are more compassionate are more likely to provide support to others, (e) providing support to others helps people derive a deeper sense of religious meaning in life, and (f) individuals who have found a deeper sense of meaning through their faith will feel more grateful to God. Data from a recent nationwide survey provide support for each of these relationships.
Development of islets and acini from the explanted primordium of the rat embryo

In an embryo of eleven and one-half to twelve and one-half days, the stomach, duodenum, liver and primordium of the dorsal pancreas were excised en bloc, placed on a rayon grid supported by a grid of stainless steel and cultivated on a liquid medium of cock serum and extract of chick embryo for 8 or 10 or 12 days. The culture was incubated at 37°C in air supplemented by controlled oxygen and carbon dioxide. One-hundred-fifteen cultures were fixed in Bouin's solution and the sections stained with aldehyde fuchsin. Forty-one cultures were fixed in Zenker's solution and the sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The 269 control pancreases were of two kinds: beginning controls taken at the time of the explantation (61 specimens); reference controls taken during the period from day eleven and one-half postcoitum to day five postpartum (208 specimens). From an explant of a pancreatic primordium too primitive to have either islet or acinus, a culture could give rise to islets with granulated beta cells and acini with zymogen granules. The best-developed islet in a ten-day culture of an explant from a donor of eleven and one-half days had an estimated granulation age of twenty-one and one-half days; thus the differentiation in vitro had kept pace with that which occurred in vivo during equal time in days. The best-developed acinus in a 12-day culture of a pancreatic primordium from an embryo of 12 and one-half days had an estimated developmental age of twenty and one-half days.
Scl1, the multifunctional adhesin of group A Streptococcus selectively binds cellular fibronectin and laminin, and mediates pathogen internalization by human cells

The streptococcal collagen-like protein-1, Scl1, is widely expressed by the well-recognized human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS). Screening of human ligands for binding to recombinant Scl1 identified cellular fibronectin and laminin as binding partners. Both ligands interacted with the globular domain of Scl1, which is also able to bind the low-density lipoprotein. Native Scl1 mediated GAS adherence to ligand-coated glass cover slips and promoted GAS internalization into HEp-2 cells. This work identifies new ligands of the Scl1 protein that are known to be important in GAS pathogenesis and suggests a novel ligand-switching mechanism between blood and tissue environments, thereby facilitating host colonization and GAS dissemination.
Semi-sparse flow-sensitive pointer analysis

Pointer analysis is a prerequisite for many program analyses, and the effectiveness of these analyses depends on the precision of the pointer information they receive. Two major axes of pointer analysis precision are flow-sensitivity and context-sensitivity, and while there has been significant recent progress regarding scalable context-sensitive pointer analysis, relatively little progress has been made in improving the scalability of flow-sensitive pointer analysis.This paper presents a new interprocedural, flow-sensitive pointer analysis algorithm that combines two ideas-semi-sparse analysis and a novel use of BDDs-that arise from a careful understanding of the unique challenges that face flow-sensitive pointer analysis. We evaluate our algorithm on 12 C benchmarks ranging from 11K to 474K lines of code. Our fastest algorithm is on average 197x faster and uses 4.6x less memory than the state of the art, and it can analyze programs that are an order of magnitude larger than the previous state of the art.
Some Motivational Determinants of Racial Differences in Intellectual Achievement.

Abstract Motivations et differences raciales dans la reussite intellectuelle.-Dans les recentes armees, un certain nombre de theories de la motivation ont ete proposees, qui ne sont pas sans rapport avec le probleme des differences raciales dans la reussite intellectuelle aux USA. Le modele theorique du “desk de reussite” d'Atkinson suggere que pour des noirs qui se trouvent dans des situations scolaires a predominance blanche, la valeur du succes est forte et faible l'espoir du succes, parce que les normes blanches de reussite sont plus elevens que celles des noirs. La distinction que fait Crandall entre l'origine interne et l'origine externe de la valeur et les normes de reussite, ainsi que les travaux de Crandall et al., sur le role de l'approbation de la mere dans l'emergence precoce des conduites de reussite, ont des implications pour l'etude des differences selon la classe sociale et la race dans le developpement des motivations intellectuelles. La faible performance des eleves noirs para[icaron]t l...
Satellite-based modeling of gross primary production in an evergreen needleleaf forest

The eddy covariance technique provides valuable information on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production (GPP) at a variety of CO2 eddy flux tower sites. In this paper, we develop a new, satellite-based Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM) to estimate the seasonal dynamics and interannual variation of GPP of evergreen needleleaf forests. The VPM model uses two improved vegetation indices (Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Water Index (LSWI)). We used multi-year (1998–2001) images from the VEGETATION sensor onboard the SPOT-4 satellite and CO2 flux data from a CO2 eddy flux tower site in Howland, Maine, USA. The seasonal dynamics of GPP predicted by the VPM model agreed well with observed GPP in 1998–2001 at the Howland Forest. These results demonstrate the potential of the satellite-driven VPM model for scaling-up GPP of forests at the CO2 flux tower sites, a key component for the study of the carbon cycle at regional and global scales.
Evaluation of practice efficiency with a novel sheathed flexible cystoscope: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives The processing of standard flexible cystoscopes is time-consuming and potentially hazardous to healthcare staff. We evaluated a novel flexible cystoscope system containing a disposable sheath, which obviates the need for chemical processing. Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing office cystoscopy were randomized into a “sheath” or a control group (n = 50 for each group). Disposable Slide-On sheaths and the CST-2000 Flexible Cystoscope System were used in the former group. A standard 16F flexible cystoscope, manually cleaned and disinfected with Cidex OPA or Rapicide, was used in the control group and the preparation times were recorded. Questionnaires to assess cystoscope setup, handling, optical quality, and patient comfort were completed by the physician, nursing staff, and patients. Results Data were available for 97 patients. The mean total time required for preparation of the cystoscopes was 10.7, 14.7, and 42.2 minutes for the sheath (n = 49), Rapicide (n = 21), and Cidex OPA (n = 27), respectively ( P P ≤0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between groups for procedure time, optical quality, or patient comfort, either during or after the procedure. Conclusions The EndoSheath System can save 4 to 31 minutes of processing time while avoiding exposure to irritants found in conventional soaking methods. Although maneuvering of the sheathed cystoscope was slightly more difficult, the optical quality and patient comfort were similar to those of standard flexible cystoscopy.
Data-based resource planning for battlefield trauma management

Optimal medical care of the wounded soldier can be provided only if clinicians have appropriate supplies present in adequate quantities. At the same time, the battlefield environment requires maximum efficiency in resource utilization. Logistical support for field surgical units can be allocated more efficiently without compromising the quality of care by using a database derived from trauma patient management. The records of patients treated for gunshot wounds at an urban level I trauma center were reviewed and the use of medications at each stage of treatment was quantified. From this information, a database was compiled that could be used to predict medical resource requirements for combat scenarios. Such a database could be used to assist in planning logistical support, resulting in better tailoring of deployable medical unit resources to meet the actual needs of injured soldiers. Language: en
The flattened self: Generation Y reads Freud

In this paper, undergraduate students’ responses to texts written by Freud are explored. Interviews with students reveal that they are uncompelled by Freud’s interrogation of the inner life, and generally refuse to privilege the depth-psychological sphere. The paper argues that interviewees may retreat from engaging subjective material because they, paradoxically, are already so accustomed to scrutinizing their own subjectivity. Implications for contemporary psychoanalysis are discussed.
Ab Initio Crystallization of Alkanes: Structure and Kinetics of Nuclei Formation

Molecular dynamics simulations of the crystallization of eicosane have been carried out as an example of a low molecular weight n-alkane system and for a high molecular weight alkane as an analogue...
Classroom research: Bridging the ivory divide

Teaching and research are frequently described as opposing forces within academia, with trade-offs required between the two domains. A new research paradigm–classroom research–bridges the divide be...
Optimal Inference for Distributed Detection

In distributed detection, there does not exist an automatic way of generating optimal decision strategies for non-affine decision functions. Consequently, in a detection problem based on a non-affine decision function, establishing optimality of a given decision strategy, such as a generalized likelihood ratio test, is often difficult or even impossible. In this thesis we develop a novel detection network optimization technique that can be used to determine necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality in distributed detection for which the underlying objective function is monotonic and convex in probabilistic decision strategies. Our developed approach leverages on basic concepts of optimization and statistical inference which are provided in sufficient detail. These basic concepts are combined to form the basis of an optimal inference technique for signal detection. We prove a central theorem that characterizes optimality in a variety of distributed detection architectures. We discuss three applications of this result in distributed signal detection. These applications include interactive distributed detection, optimal tandem fusion architecture, and distributed detection by acyclic graph networks. In the conclusion we indicate several future research directions, which include possible generalizations of our optimization method and new research problems arising from each of the three applications considered.
A Design Environment for the Rapid Specification and Fabrication of Printable Robots

In this work, we have developed a design environment to allow casual users to quickly and easily create custom robots. A drag-and-drop graphical interface allows users to intuitively assemble electromechanical systems from a library of predesigned parametrized components. A script-based infrastructure encapsulates and automatically composes mechanical, electrical, and software subsystems based on the user input. The generated design can be passed through output plugins to produce fabrication drawings for a range of rapid manufacturing processes, along with the necessary firmware and software to control the device. From an intuitive description of the desired specification, this system generates ready-to-use printable robots on demand.
The ultrastructure and genesis of Auer bodies.

The light microscopic morphology, chemical composition, ultrasonic fractionation, ultracentrifugal separation and light absorption characteristics of Auer bodies have all been described. However, since the initial observations by John Auer in 1906 and until the advent of electron microscopy, few data have been added to elucidate the structure of these bodies. With the aid of the electron microscope, Auer bodies have been found to be coacervates of laminated, homogeneous, crystalline plaques with the long axis of the plaques in the same plane as the long axis of the rod. The ultracytologic resemblance between Auer bodies and cytoplasmic granulation supports previous histochemical evidence suggesting the genesis of Auer bodies from cytoplasmic granules. Existing evidence indicates that the newly discovered fibrillar formation and the recently described granule-vacuole body are the same structure. Although histochemical studies show similarities between these structures and Auer bodies, they are architecturally unrelated and probably have distinctly different pathophysiologic significance.
Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life

(1977). Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 158-162.
Shift Work in the United States

The dawning of a 24–7 US economy has reshaped the timing of work for a growing number of Americans. Economic, demographic, and social changes in recent decades have boosted the demand and necessity for around-the-clock business practices and flexible work schedules that fall outside the traditional Monday-through-Friday workweek and nine-to-five workday. Globalization, the shift to a service-based economy, delays in marriage and childbirth, the growth of dual-earner households, and the greying of America have profoundly increased the number of Americans working night shifts or rotating schedules (i.e., shift work) or evening, irregular, split-shift, or weekend hours – collectively known as “nonstandard work schedules.” The unconventional nature of nonstandard work has provoked concerns from scholars regarding the implications that such schedules have for individual and family well-being. This entry reviews this empirical literature. Keywords: children; parenting; sociology of work and occupations
Near-Threshold Photoionization of Molecular Nitrogen

Photoabsorption of molecular nitrogen (N2) is investigated near the first ionization threshold using an R-matrix, multi-channel quantum defect (MQDT) approach.
Justification for Using Step-Function Reference Commands: Comparison to S-Curves

Abstract The use of step function reference commands is often discouraged when the system has flexible dynamics. The rule of thumb is that smooth commands, such as S-curves should be used instead. This paper attempts to dispel the myth that step functions are inappropriate for flexible systems. To accomplish this, a new approach for analyzing the response of systems driven by smooth reference commands is presented. This approach treats S-curve command profiles as input-shaped functions. Input shaping is a method of reducing residual vibration by convolving a sequence of impulses with a baseline system command. The sequence of impulses is the key to predicting the system’s vibratory response. By interpreting S-curve commands as input-shaped functions, common criteria for comparing the two types of commands can be developed. The results indicate that sequences of step functions are much more effective at reducing vibration than S-curves.
Pain in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (P01.146)

OBJECTIVE: To identify prominent pain as a symtpom in a subset of patients with atypical multifocal mtor neuropathy responsive to treatment. BACKGROUND: Multifocal motor neuropathy is rare disorder characterized as painless persistent limb weakness. Focal limb weakness is common in MMN but has also been reported less commonly in CIDP. Both conditions are believed to be caused by an autoimmune process and respond to immune suppression or modulation. Chronic pain has been described in CIDP but not MMN. The signature of both conditions is abnormalities in nerve conduction studies. Slowing of motor conduction velocities and conduction block may be seen in both these conditions, while additional changes in sensory responses are seen in CIDP. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review of case histories. We retrospectively identified patients who presented to our institution with multifocal weakness from 09/2009 to 09-2012 to identify those patients with MMN. Of the patients with MMN we selected those who reported chronic pain as a prominent symptom. We then summarized the neuropathological, electrophysiolocal findings of these patients. RESULTS: We identified 27 patients with treatment responsive MMN. 7 had pain as a prominent symptom. Average age was 54. There were 3 males. 3 had conduction block. All had abnormal motor conduction consistent with MMN. None had abnormal sensory conduction studies. Pathology of all showed evidence of neuropathy consistent with MMN. All 7 responded to IVIG. CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal neuropathy has previously been thought of as a painless neuropathy. We identified 7 out of 27 (26%) patients with pain. All 7 had clinical, electrodiagnositic and neuropathological evidence of MMN making the diagnosis certain. We surmise based on our findings that chronic pain is uncommon but not rare symptom in MMN, which readily responds to treatment with IVIG. Disclosure: Dr. Omoregie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chugh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lange received financial support for research activities from CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, and Cytokinetics.
Nicodemus Frischlin and the Imperial Court: New Evidence from His Letters

(1955). Nicodemus Frischlin and the Imperial Court. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 172-182.
The Robot Condition: Karel Čapek's R.U.R. and Hannah Arendt on Labor, Technology, and Innovation

ABSTRACTThis article reads Karel Capek's R.U.R. through the lens of Hannah Arendt's critique of technology in The Human Condition. Arendt and Capek share a suspicion that modernity's attempts to overcome labor through the use of technology undermines the human condition of natality. Indeed, the revolt of Capek's Robots dramatizes Arendt's warnings of the dangers of a “society of laborers without labor” and “world alienation.” Both thinkers suggest that the dilemmas posed by modern technology cannot be resolved through “practical” means but require loving attentiveness to the fragile conditions in which genuine natality can emerge.
Experimental investigation into the effect of noise and damping using composite spur gear

In this paper, AISI 4140 steel, particulate composite material AA 2014/Al2O3/10% and glass fiber reinforced polymer spur gear pairs have been selected for experimental investigation. The damping properties of all the three materials were compared through experimental set up. The noise level was measured for the pair of spur gear of these three different materials at various speed of rotation. The present work includes the investigation into the effect of the damping properties of gear material and noise level in spur gears for light load application in automotive vehicles. The results indicates that glass fiber reinforced polymer spur gears are better than metal gears in light load power transmission applications due to their lesser noise and damping factor.
The Malacological Contributions of Rudolph Amandus Philippi (1808–1904)

Rudolph Amandus Philippi (known in Chile as Rodulfo Amando Philippi), was one of the longest-lived and most prolific malacologists of the 19th century, as his scientific work began in Germany in the 1830s and continued unabated until his death in Chile in 1904. Philippi contributed significantly to malacology: he described over 2,500 new taxa of Recent and fossil molluscs from around the world (2,528 species, 40 genera and three families), particularly from Italy and Chile, and discussed numerous taxa described by other authors. Philippi initially published primarily on Recent and fossil molluscs from Europe in the 1830s, then expanded to marine molluscs from around the world by the 1840s. In 1851, Philippi escaped the German Revolution by emigrating to Chile, where in 1853 he became the director of what is now the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) and a professor at the Universidad de Chile. Philippi's contributions to malacology after his move to Chile were primarily on the fossil molluscs of Chile. Philippi also made significant contributions to the systematics of numerous other animal taxa as well as in botany. In a companion paper (Kabat & Coan, 2017), we provide an analysis of Philippi's life and scientific contributions. This paper catalogs Philippi's malacological publications and taxa.
Self-Esteem and Communication Tendencies: an Analysis of Four Self-Esteem/Verbal Dominance Personality Types

Based on propositions from interactionist self theory, some scholars and practitioners have assumed that individuals high in self-esteem are more verbal and more competent communicators than those low in self-esteem. In this study, feelings of self-esteem and self-perceptions of verbal dominance were found to be relatively independent of one another, and thus produce a four-cell typology of individuals: those low in self-esteem and low in dominance, those low in self-esteem and high in dominance, those high in self-esteem and low in dominance, and those high in self-esteem and high in dominance. A multimethod approach was employed to analyze the communication behavior of these four subject types while they worked on a decision-making exercise. Communication content, communication patterns, and noncontent dimensions of communication were examined. The typology introduced was validated, as unique communicative tendencies were found to characterize each group. The results of the study support the contention that the self-concept is a multidimensional construct.
Managing Adverse Reactions to Contrast Agents

Adverse reactions to iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents occur at an incidence of less than 1%. Although the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not completely understood, the treatment regimens are well accepted. Skin testing may be helpful in patients with a history of severe allergiclike reaction to aid in the selection of alternative contrast agents. Premedication should only be used for a history of allergiclike reaction. Imaging team members should be familiar with signs and symptoms of contrast reactions to allow for prompt assessment and treatment. A plan of action should be in place for contrast reactions and rehearsed regularly.
Overcoming hydrodynamic challenges in suspension feeding by juvenile Mya arenaria clams

We present some of the few suspension-feeding measurements and to our knowledge the first velocity-field measurements for early post-settlement juvenile bivalve clams. We verify and extend our experimental results with numerical simulations. For 1.8–2.8 mm shell length Mya arenaria clams, pumping rates ranged 0.03–0.22 μl s−1, inhalant siphon Reynolds numbers (Re) ranged 0.16–0.79 and mean inhalant velocities ranged 0.8–3.2 mm s−1. Owing to the low Re at which they pump and the small diameters of their siphons, juvenile clams are subject to unique hydrodynamic challenges, including high siphon resistance and susceptibility to refiltration. At least three features of juvenile clam siphons differentiate them from those of adults–shorter inhalant siphon length, a more rapid increase in inhalant siphon diameter with shell length, and the presence of a prominent exhalant siphon extension. These features are probably adaptations to the challenges of suspension feeding at low Re.
New cellulose crystallinity estimation method that differentiates between organized and crystalline phases

A new method is proposed for estimation of cellulose crystallinity (CrI) based on 93 cm-1 Raman band in spectra of cellulose I materials. In this method (93-Raman), CrI was determined based on regression that was developed using the ratios of peak-heights of the 93 and 1096 cm-1 Raman bands (I93/I1096). For calibration purposes, a set of eight samples, all derived from cotton microcrystalline cellulose Whatman CC31 were selected. When the peak intensity ratios (I93/I1096) were plotted against the calculated CrIs of the calibration set samples, the plot showed an excellent linear correlation (R2 = 0.9888). The 93-Raman method was used to estimate crystallinities of a number of cellulose materials including poplar wood samples that were hydrothermally treated at various temperatures. The wood 93-Raman CrI data showed that the method is able to differentiate between organized and crystalline phases of cellulose, a capability lacking in many other CrI estimation methods.
Iterated Forcing and Elementary Embeddings

I give a survey of some forcing techniques which are useful in the study of large cardinals and elementary embeddings. The main theme is the problem of extending a (possibly generic) elementary embedding of the universe to a larger domain, which is typically a generic extension of the ground model by some iterated forcing construction.
The appropriate role for the state hospital

This article explores the role of the state hospital in providing long-term care. It is argued that long-term care is an important part of a mental health system, specifically for people with severe mental illness. The state hospital can be made to function more efficiently and also provide needed longterm care.
Kenyan Sages on Equality of the Sexes

This article traces the larger theme of egalitarianism within the context of equality of the sexes throughout H. Odera Oruka’s interviews with Kenyan sages, whom he asked to share their views on the topic. Often, the sages asserted men’s superiority to women. This paper analyses the sages’ responses, as well as Odera Oruka’s rejoinders to their comments. I have broadened my study to include five sages interviewed by Frederick Ochieng’-Odhiambo, included in his dissertation completed under Odera Oruka’s supervision (1994). I find that the sages’ arguments for women’s inferiority were weak and flawed. Many contemporary Kenyans find fault with views similar to the sages’. The one sage who did elaborate on women’s equality failed to acknowledge that men discourage women from taking action to improve their situation. This article does not reject sage philosophy as an approach to the topic but insists that further study, including women sages, is needed to address the shortcomings of the sage interviews included in Odera Oruka’s Sage Philosoph y (1991). Key Words Odera Oruka, Sage Philosophy, Feminism, Equality, Gender Justice, Ethics
Creating a Learning Healthcare System in the ICU

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a high-pressure, high-stakes clinical environment where patients at high risk for morbidity and mortality receive critical organ support. Patients and families are at their most vulnerable, with fates outside of their control and little experience to help guide them through the process. To provide care in this environment, ICU clinicians must rely on an uncertain evidence base, with few high quality studies to guide clinical decision making. Although we have reams of data, including vital signs, laboratory studies, clinical notes and physiological tracings, we lack the tools to quickly organize, assimilate and interpret those data in a way that makes them useful at the bedside.
A Pilot Study Evaluating Organochlorine and Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure in Children and Adolescents of Mexican Descent Residing in Hidalgo County, Texas.

Children and adolescents of Mexican descent residing in Hidalgo County (TX) were evaluated for exposure to organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides. A convenience sample of 60 participants enrolled in our pilot study. The lipid-adjusted serum concentrations of nine OC metabolites and creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations of six OP metabolites were measured and compared with data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the concentration levels for each metabolite. Study participants were aged 5–18 years. For most of the OC and OP metabolites, our findings showed that participants had concentration levels within the distributional range of the national data. However, notable outlying levels (greater than the 95th percentile in the Fourth Report) were identified for the following OC metabolites: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene, and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Among the children aged 5–11 years, one child had an outlying value for the OP metabolite: dimethylphosphate. Our findings on the levels of OC and OP pesticide exposure enhances the credibility of national estimates, and can serve as baselines for children and adolescents of Mexican descent residing in Lower Rio Grande Valley. Furthermore, our study contributes to the lacunae of knowledge regarding environmental exposures and presses further investigation of outlying OC and OP exposure levels.
Do Vaccines Cause Spontaneous Abortion

Vaccines currently routinely recommended for pregnant women in the U.S. have not been shown to cause spontaneous abortion (SAb). Although one study has suggested a possible increase in risk of SAb early in pregnancy following inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), other studies have not found an association and the results are not conclusive.
Higher BMI predicts additional surgery at the time of ACL reconstruction

Despite public recognition, obesity is a growing epidemic affecting an estimated 34% of adults and 20% of children in the U.S. population. As such, the number of ACL reconstructions performed in this population is likely to increase. The goal of this study is to evaluate the risk that increasing BMI poses for additional surgery at the time of ACL reconstruction. A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program’s (ACS-NSQIP) database for the years 2005–2015 was conducted. Logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between BMI and additional CPT codes for internal derangement at the time of ACL reconstruction. Internal derangement was defined as any CPT code for treatment of a meniscus tear, chondral lesion, or loose body removal. Surgeries for multi-ligamentous knee injuries were excluded. A total of 11,403 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were identified. 41.9% of patients had an associated CPT code for internal derangement. As BMI increased, there was a corresponding increase in the odds of additional surgery. Specifically, for every 1.0 increase in BMI, the risk of additional surgery increased by 1.6% (p < 0.001). Compared to patients with a BMI of 18.5–24.9, those with a BMI 25–29.9 had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.112, BMI 30–34.9 had an OR of 1.137, BMI 35–39.9 had an OR of 1.249, and those ≥ 40 had an OR of 1.442 for additional surgery (p < 0.001). This nationally-representative, population-based study demonstrates that patients with elevated BMI are much more likely to require additional surgery in the setting of primary ACL reconstruction. This risk correlates with increasing BMI. Surgeons should keep these risks in mind when evaluating and counseling patients for surgery in the setting of ACL reconstruction. Case–control study, Level III.
A randomized trial of culturally accommodated versus standard group treatment for Latina/o adolescents with substance use disorders: Posttreatment through 12-month outcomes.

Objectives Latina/o adolescents are at particular risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) and effective treatments are needed. Some critics indicate that standard evidence-based treatments may not meet the needs of Latina/o adolescents and culturally accommodated treatments are needed; however, few comparative studies have been conducted to test this assumption. This randomized trial was designed to test a standard group-based version of a cognitive-behavioral treatment (S-CBT) against its culturally accommodated equivalent (A-CBT) for a sample of Latina/o adolescents with SUDs. Method Seventy Latina/o adolescents were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment conditions and followed over 4 posttreatment time points with the last at 12-months. Generalized longitudinal mixed models for count data were conducted to evaluate treatment differences across time for adolescent substance use. The cultural variables ethnic identity, acculturation, and familism were included in the analysis as potential moderators of treatment outcome. Results A significant difference was found at the 12-month follow-up in favor of the culturally accommodated treatment (d = .92, 95% confidence interval, CI [.43, 1.42]) and parental familism moderated treatment outcome (d = .60, 95% CI [.12, 1.08]). Conclusion This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that a culturally accommodated treatment differentially improved outcomes compared with that of its standard equivalent for a sample of Latina/o adolescents with SUDs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
New species from the Sabrina Flora: an early Paleogene pollen and spore assemblage from the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica

Palynological analyses of 13 samples from two sediment cores retrieved from the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica provide rare information regarding the paleovegetation within the Aurora Basin, which ...
Effect of manganese preconditioning and replacing inorganic manganese with organic manganese on performance of male broiler chicks.

ABSTRACT The effects of manganese (Mn) preconditioning, 96 h post-hatch followed by the replacement of inorganic Mn with different levels of organic Mn (5 to 21 D), on growth, tissue excreta Mn content, gene expression, and enzyme activity were evaluated. A total of 420 day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were divided into 2 groups. One group was fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet containing 17 mg of Mn/kg (preconditioning diet, MnPD); the second group was fed the non-preconditioning diet (NPCD), which was the MnPD supplemented with 60 mg of Mn/kg from manganese sulfate (MnSO4). On day 5, each group was divided into 5 subgroups and were randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of MnPD alone or MnPD supplemented with 12 or 60 mg Mn/kg Mn as MnSO4 or Mn proteinate (6 replicate cages of 6 birds). Broiler chicks that were fed the MnPD had lower (P ≤ 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and G:F ratio when compared to those that were fed the NPCD for 4 D. Birds that were fed MnPD (1 to 4 D) and switched to MnPD supplemented with 60 mg/kg Mn (5 to 21 D) had lower (P ≤ 0.05) BWG compared to those that were fed NPCD (1 to 4 D) and switched to MnPD supplemented with 60 mg/kg Mn for 21 D. Excreta, tibia ash, liver, and heart Mn levels were increased (P ≤ 0.05) by supplemental Mn. The expression of jejunum divalent metal transporter-1 mRNA levels, as well as activities of plasma total super oxide dismutase and liver alanine transaminase, was not affected by MnPD or Mn source and levels. These results confirmed that feeding marginally deficient Mn diets to broiler chicks post-hatch does affect growth rate and tissue Mn concentration.
Simulation-Driven Optimization of Underwater Docking Station Design

This paper presents the optimization of a novel docking design for docking and charging of autonomous underwater vehicles. The docking design has been optimized to maximize the capture envelope and minimize the maximum contact force. Two design parameters, sweep angle and ramp angle, were optimized as was the velocity during terminal homing and capture. The optimization was an exhaustive optimization with 5600 unique simulations completed that included the vehicle hydrodynamics, impact dynamics, and controller. Unique to the presented docking design is the ability to support a wide variety of vehicles from different size classes through its simplified funnel design and use of a docking adapter as validated in simulation with a Dolphin II AUV and Bluefin SandShark. The only part of the docking system that contacts the vehicle is a standardized docking adapter that is meant as a drop-in replacement for an antenna mast. The presented docking system is low-cost, compact, and can be deployed in a wide variety of situations including mobile docking.
Skin-Coupled PVDF Microphones for Noninvasive Vascular Blood Sound Monitoring

Vascular access is the “Achilles Heel” of hemodialysis, as maintaining high flow characteristics (access patency) is critical to achieving efficient dialysis treatment. Thus, monitoring of vascular access is essential for maintaining long-term dialysis success. Blood sounds change in the presence of stenosis and can be analyzed digitally as phonoangiograms (PAGs) to determine changes in hemodynamic flow. We propose a multi-channel PAG recording sensor suitable for rapid, non-invasive vascular access monitoring. Here we present the initial design and characterization of sensors appropriate for recording PAGs from the skin surface. An optimized sensor size and backing material was selected to improve sensitivity and to provide a neutral frequency response. The sensor performance was finally compared with a conventional stethoscope on a controlled blood flow stenosis benchtop phantom.
Building a collaborative communication ethics manifesto

Courses: This activity could be used in courses where persuasion, dialogue, and communication ethics are primary. Thus, a communication ethics course, or course units where students discuss ethics,...
Multi Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapies for B-Cell Malignancies

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Through targeting of the CD19 antigen on B cells durable remissions have been achieved in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. Despite impressive responses, multiple escape mechanisms to evade CAR-T cell therapy have been identified, among which the most common is loss of the target antigen. In this review we will highlight outcomes to date with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, describe the current limitations of single targeted CAR-T therapies, review identified tumor escape mechanisms, and lastly discuss novel strategies to overcome resistance via multi-targeted CAR-T cells.
Gastric cytoprotection by epidermal growth factor

Abstract This study was designed to compare the gastric cytoprotective effects of epidermal growth factor and prostaglandin E 2 and I 2 in rats and cats treated with aspirin and i.v. histamine or intragastric instillation of HCl solution to develop gastric mucosal lesions. Epidermal growth factor given in nonantisecretory doses prevented dose-dependent aspirin-induced gastric ulcers, and this effect was similar to that obtained with nonantisecretory doses of prostaglandin E 2 or prostaglandin I 2 infused alone or in combination with aspirin did not affect the generation of mucosal prostaglandins, suggesting that its cytoprotective effect was not mediated by mucosal prostaglandins. The formation of aspirin-induced ulcers resulted in a significant reduction in DNA synthesis, and this was brought back to normal levels by the administration of epidermal grow factor or prostaglandins given in nonantisecretory cytoprotective doses. We conclude that epidermal growth factor is capable of protecting gastric mucosa against chemical injury caused by aspirin and this protective action is accompanied by a stimulation of DNA synthesis probably as the consequence of tissue preservation by this agent.
Handbook of gentrification studies, edited by Loretta Lees with Martin Phillips

This weighty collection takes aim at the seemingly infinite permutations and combinations of discourse composing the gentrification cosmos. There are 32 contributors, among whom 20 have disciplinar...