cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Can't We Be Friends: Preserving Public Confidence in the Judiciary Through Limited Use of Social Networking

Technology plays a significant role in the provision of legal services, but its uses are not without risk. As the use and influence of social media continue to grow, it is essential for the legal profession to understand how its members use and share content on these sites. It is equally important to consider how society's evolving perspective on privacy and online communication should apply to judges. In 2011, the American Bar Association (ABA) Commission on Ethics 20/20 examined the use of new technologies in the practice of law and found that with some additional clarification, the current rules governing attorney conduct are sufficient to address the use of that technology, including online communications. While these rules offer guidance on appropriate judicial behaviors, alone they are insufficient to address the unique challenges posed by social networking.This article considers the rapid rise in the use of social media and its use by members of the judiciary, and asserts that judicial canons drafted prior to the advent of social media outlets are inadequate to address the risk posed through the use of social media. Part I provides a brief overview of the rapid emergence of social media as a primary mode of communication and the unique risks it poses for users. Part II provides a brief summary of codes of judicial conduct that are relevant to a judge's use of social media. Part III evaluates recent state judicial ethics opinions addressing the use of social media. Part IV argues that a restrictive approach to the use of social media, which has been adopted by several states, is necessary to protect the integrity of the judicial system. Part V offers recommendations to balance the competing interests of protecting the judiciary and allowing judges to participate in the communities they serve.
The Impact of General Studies on the Agricultural Economics Curriculum

Curriculum committees in agricultural economics have continuously faced the problem of balance between their major field and general education. The unanswered question is what would be the impact on agricultural economics when a formalized general education program either voluntarily or involuntarily becomes part of the university system? This article focuses attention on some probable adjustments, such as: reducing the hours required in agriculture, reducing the hours of free electives, reducing the number of agricultural course offerings the first two years, and requiring more basic prerequisites taught outside agriculture.
Aquatics for the Young Child

(1986). Aquatics for the Young Child. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 61-66.
Encke flyby science package

Cometary exploration objectives are considered, giving attention to reasons for the selection of Encke as a target for early exploration missions. An Encke environmental model is discussed together with the scientific requirements of an exploratory mission, instrument selection criteria, and the science payload. The instruments to be used include a television camera, an IR radiometer, a UV spectrometer, a mass spectrometer, a Sisyphus dust detector, devices for the measurement of the EM field, and instruments for the determination of plasma characteristics. It is pointed out that solar electric propulsion affords the only practical, currently available means of reaching Encke with the desired encounter velocity below 7.5 km/sec.
The Autoecious Species of Puccinia and Uromyces on North American Senecioneae

Uromyces senecionicola Arth., Puccinia conglomerata (Strauss) Roehling (P. syngenesarum Link, P. nardosmiae Ell. & Ev., P. petasites Vestergr.), P. glomerata Grev. (P. expansa Link), P. grindeliae Peck, P. hieracii (Mart.) Roehling (P. arnicalis Peck)., P. melampodii Diet. & Holw. (P. emiliae P. Henn.), P. recedens P. Sydow & H. Sydow, P. schistocarphae H. S. Jacks. & Holw., P. senecionicola Arth., P. senecionis Libert (P. subcircinata Ell. & Ev.) are redescribed and illustrated. Host plants in Senecioneae and the North American distribution are given for each species.
On Theory of Higher Vocational Education Development in Our Country

Higher vocational education is different from general higher education,which is a new kind of education.In order to finish higher vocational education task better,a macroscopic] holding is needed for higher vocational education to continuously explore its characteristic and developing approach to get its characteristic.
Slowdown of growth controls cellular differentiation

How can changes in growth rate affect the regulatory networks behavior and the outcomes of cellular differentiation? We address this question by focusing on starvation response in sporulating Bacillus subtilis We show that the activity of sporulation master regulator Spo0A increases with decreasing cellular growth rate. Using a mathematical model of the phosphorelay-the network controlling Spo0A-we predict that this increase in Spo0A activity can be explained by the phosphorelay protein accumulation and lengthening of the period between chromosomal replication events caused by growth slowdown. As a result, only cells growing slower than a certain rate reach threshold Spo0A activity necessary for sporulation. This growth threshold model accurately predicts cell fates and explains the distribution of sporulation deferral times. We confirm our predictions experimentally and show that the concentration rather than activity of phosphorelay proteins is affected by the growth slowdown. We conclude that sensing the growth rates enables cells to indirectly detect starvation without the need for evaluating specific stress signals.
A Product of Nested Radicals for the AGM

The arithmetic-geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b (AGM (a, b)) is the common limit of two sequences generated by an iterative process. This has proven to be an important device for calculating numbers and function in recent years. In this paper, we derive an infinite product representation for the AGM. The factors of this product are nested radicals resembling Vieta's famous product for pi.
A rapid method for isolating rabbit renal microvessels.

A technique has been described to isolate rabbit renal preglomerular microvessels using an infusion of a magnetized iron oxide suspension into the renal artery. An initial separation of the vascular tissue was performed with a magnet and a final separation was performed using a nylon sieve allowing nonvascular, tubular, and glomerular contaminants to be filtered free from the microvessels. Light and electron microscopy showed morphology consistent with interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles. The purity of the preparation was greater than 95%. In the absence of exogenous arachidonic acid, the microvessels were able to synthesize prostacyclin (7.5 +/- 1.2 ng.mg protein-1.min-1) in excess of prostaglandin E2 (2.2 +/- 0.7 ng.mg protein-1.min-1). The tissue exhibited a time-dependent increase in prostanoid biosynthesis up to 60 min and responded to stimulators (e.g., melittin and arachidonic acid) and inhibitors (e.g., meclofenamate and indomethacin) of prostanoid biosynthesis. These studies indicate that a high-yielding and versatile preparation of renal preglomerular microvessels can be rapidly obtained. The microvessels are viable and may represent an excellent model for studying a variety of biochemical interactions under in vitro conditions.
Perfectly reflectionless omnidirectional absorbers and electromagnetic horizons

We demonstrate the existence of metamaterial blueprints describing, and fundamental limitations concerning, perfectly reflectionless omnidirectional electromagnetic absorbers (PR-OEMAs). Previous attempts to define PR-OEMA blueprints have led to active (gain), rather than passive, media. We explain this fact and unveil new, distinct limitations of true PR-OEMA devices, including the appearance of an “electromagnetic horizon” on physical solutions. As practical alternatives we introduce alternative OEMA blueprints corresponding to media that, while not reflectionless, are nonetheless effective in absorbing incident waves in a manner robust to incident wave diversity.
Single-Rooted Extraction Sockets: Classification and Treatment Protocol

Clinicians have many treatment techniques from which to choose when extracting a failing tooth and replacing it with an implant-supported restoration and when successful management of an extraction socket during the course of tooth replacement is necessary to achieve predictable and esthetic outcomes. This article presents a straightforward, yet thorough, classification for extraction sockets of single-rooted teeth and provides guidance to clinicians in the selection of appropriate and predictable treatment. The presented classification of extraction sockets for single-rooted teeth focuses on the topography of the extraction socket, while the protocol for treatment of each socket type factors in the shape of the remaining bone, the biotype, and the location of the socket whether it be in the mandible or maxilla. This system is based on the biologic foundations of wound healing and can help guide clinicians to successful treatment outcomes.
The third annual BRDS on research and development of nucleic acid-based nanomedicines

The completion of human genome project, decrease in the sequencing cost, and correlation of genome sequencing data with specific diseases led to the exponential rise in the nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches. In the third annual Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Symposium (BRDS) held at the Center for Drug Discovery and Lozier Center for Pharmacy Sciences and Education at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), we highlighted the remarkable features of the nucleic acid-based nanomedicines, their significance, NIH funding opportunities on nanomedicines and gene therapy research, challenges and opportunities in the clinical translation of nucleic acids into therapeutics, and the role of intellectual property (IP) in drug discovery and development.
Introduction to Palestinian Youth Journaling Project

The world is puzzled by youth’s ability to transform geopolitics and their everyday lives and connect with each other regardless of borders, nationalities, or religions. Youth have the capacity to influence government stability, growth, and their community’s future. It is youth and their political agency that alter values, perspectives, and interactions within and between communities. Therefore, it is not surprising that youth energy is always a concern, as government is constantly on the move to control or shape their values and ensure their compliancy to the system; hence, such attempts are not always successful. In fact, such efforts tend to lack insight about youth agency while being mainstreamed with a narrow focus that creates disconnect between their political reality, resources, and agency, leading to government instabilities, movements, and activism. Youth are forging social, economic, and political “movements” to alter the current state of the stagnated and exclusive political structure. Global or local citizenship and community engagement programs are no substitute to capture or reflect an understanding of youth political agency. To appreciate youth political agency, governments, political structures, and regimes have to provide alternative views about engaging youth within the political process. The strategy of continuing to assume that the top-down, adult-directed model of political socialization is not conducive to truly understanding children’s and youth’s political socialization, as this methodology negates to include a plethora of facets impacting political development. While the top-down model is seen as a somewhat universal model of human development and used around the globe, the argument can be made that children and youth are affected by much more than those factors in the top-down model; for example, peer-to-peer interaction is a huge component of children’s and youth’s political socialization. Furthermore, a universal paradigm to socialization is faulty, particularly when looking at societies that are at the center of conflict. Children and youth living in conflicted or war-torn areas do not always have the same liberties of participating in the structural political system (such as growing up to be able to vote in a democratically held election). Hence, it is shortsighted to assume change in youth programs should be exclusive to non-democratic countries and by default pretend youth political agency in democratic governments, in this case Western countries, is enacted. It is naive to serve or promote such perspectives, as youth around the globe are subjected and subjugated within similar neoliberal ideological apparatuses that simply cannot be followed, but with different conditions and limitations that deny agency and resistance to change. Given these structural constraints, research should capture the meaning, processes, and potential of youth political agency and pave the way to restructure the adult-directed (or top-down) model of political socialization.
Taking Care, Bringing Life: A Post-structuralist Feminist Analysis of Maternal Discourses of Mothers and Dais in India.

ABSTRACTMy post-structuralist feminist reading of the antenatal and birthing practices of women (N = 25) living in a basti in India makes visible how the meanings of maternal experiences constituted as our ways open discursive spaces for the mothers and dais as procreators to: challenge (i.e., question the authority of), co-opt (i.e., conditionally adopt), and judge (i.e., employ sanctioned criteria to regulate) competing knowledge production forms. In critiquing maternal knowledge as feminist discourse, the women’s strategies contribute theoretically to an integrative construction of care by reclaiming displaced knowledge discourses and diversity in meaning production. Pragmatically, consciousness-raising collectives comprising the mothers and dais can cocreate narratives of our ways of maternal experiences articulated in public discourse to sustain equitability of knowledge traditions in migrant urban Third World contexts.
Simple 1H NMR spectroscopic method for assay of salts of the contrast agent diatrizoate in commercial solutions.

A simple, accurate, and specific 1 H NMR spectroscopic method was developed for the assay of diatrizoate meglumine or the combination diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium in commercial solutions for injection. A mixture of injectable solution and sodium acetate, the internal standard, was diluted with D 2 O and the 1 H NMR spectrum of the solution was obtained. Two approaches were used to calculate the drug content, based on the integral values for the -N-CO-CH 3 protons of diatrizoic acid at 2.23 ppm, the N-CH 3 protons of meglumine at 2.73 ppm, and the CH 3 -CO-protons of sodium acetate at 1.9 ppm. Recoveries (mean ± standard deviation) of diatrizoic acid and meglumine from 10 synthetic mixtures of various amounts of these compounds with a fixed amount of internal standard were 100.3 ± 0.55% and 100.1 ± 0.98%, respectively. In addition to providing a direct means of simultaneously assaying diatrizoic acid and meglumine, the proposed NMR method can also be used to identify diatrizoate meglumine and each of its molecular components.
Identification of a novel RASD1 somatic mutation in a USP8-mutated corticotroph adenoma

Cushing's disease (CD) is caused by pituitary corticotroph adenomas that secrete excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In these tumors, somatic mutations in the gene USP8 have been identified as recurrent and pathogenic and are the sole known molecular driver for CD. Although other somatic mutations were reported in these studies, their contribution to the pathogenesis of CD remains unexplored. No molecular drivers have been established for a large proportion of CD cases and tumor heterogeneity has not yet been investigated using genomics methods. Also, even in USP8-mutant tumors, a possibility may exist of additional contributing mutations, following a paradigm from other neoplasm types where multiple somatic alterations contribute to neoplastic transformation. The current study utilizes whole-exome discovery sequencing on the Illumina platform, followed by targeted amplicon-validation sequencing on the Pacific Biosciences platform, to interrogate the somatic mutation landscape in a corticotroph adenoma resected from a CD patient. In this USP8-mutated tumor, we identified an interesting somatic mutation in the gene RASD1, which is a component of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling system. This finding may provide insight into a novel mechanism involving loss of feedback control to the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor and subsequent deregulation of ACTH production in corticotroph tumors.
A novel resveratrol–salinomycin combination sensitizes ER-positive breast cancer cells to apoptosis

Abstract Background Resveratrol is a dietary compound that has been widely reported for its anticancer activities. However, successful extrapolation of its effects to pre-clinical studies is met with limited success due to inadequate bioavailability. We investigated the potential of combination therapy to improve the efficacy of resveratrol in a more physiologically relevant dose range. Methods The effect of resveratrol on canonical Wnt signaling was evaluated by Western blotting. Wnt modulators HLY78 (activator) and salinomycin (inhibitor) were evaluated in combination with resveratrol for their effect on breast cancer cell viability (MTT assay), cell cycle progression and apoptosis (Western blotting). Bliss independency model was used to evaluate combinatorial effects of resveratrol–salinomycin combination. Results Resveratrol downregulated canonical Wnt signaling proteins in treated breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) in the dose range of 50–200 μM, which also affected cellular viability. However, at very low doses (0–50 μM), resveratrol exhibited no cellular toxicity. Co-treatment with salinomycin significantly potentiated the anti-cancer effects of resveratrol, whereas HLY78 co-treatment had minimal effect. Bliss independency model revealed that Wnt inhibition synergistically potentiates the effects of resveratrol in MCF-7 and BT474 cells. Significantly downregulated canonical Wnt signaling proteins and marker of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), vimentin were observed in cells treated with resveratrol–salinomycin combination. Cell cycle arrest, caspase activation and apoptosis induction in cells treated with resveratrol–salinomycin combination further confirmed the efficacy of the combination. Conclusion We report a novel resveratrol–salinomycin combination for targeting ER-positive breast cancer cells and present evidence for successful pre-clinical implementation of resveratrol.
Design Criteria, Development and Pre-And Post-Fitting Amputee Evaluation of an EMG Controlled, Force Sensing, Proportional-Rate, Elbow Prosthesis with Cutaneous Kinesthetic Feedback

Abstract Cybernetical research and development has resulted in a prosthesis for above-elbow amputees which is controlled in a continuous and graded manner by the surface detection of electrical potentia1s generated by neuromuscular activity in the otherwise non-functional, residual muscles in the amputee's stump. The rate of rotation of the forearm or the force at the terminal device is related to the amputee's conscious effort. The limb's servo-system also senses terminal load and adjusts gain accordingly. Research has demonstrated the feasibility of introducing kinesthetic feedback of elbow angle to the amputee by means of a cutaneous, phantom-sensation presentation on the upper arm stump. All mechanical and electronic components are integrated into an otherwise cosmetic forearm with power provided by a beltmounted battery pack. Initial determination of the limb's mechanical and electrical characteristics was established by means of computer simulation. The testing of normal and amputee subjects on a simulated tracking task has evaluated their comparative EMG control potentials. Satisfactory conscious control of the artificial limb has been achieved within 5 minutes after fitting on an amputee. A small prototype lot of limbs will undergo laboratory evaluation followed by clinical testing and then everyday use.
Antimüllerian Hormone Levels Are Not Altered by Glucose Challenge or a Meal.

Background: Measurement of antimullerian hormone (AMH) is used to assess ovarian reserve. Circulating levels of AMH correlate with antral follicle count, with relatively high levels indicating an ample reserve of primary and preantral follicles in the ovary. AMH levels are stable with dilution and freezer storage, and are not altered by hemolysis or menstrual cycle day in young women of reproductive age. We sought to examine whether glucose challenge or food intake modifies AMH levels compared with fasting. Methods: Residual plasma samples were available from 54 pregnant women under fasting conditions and then 1, 2, and 3 h after ingestion of a 100-g glucose challenge. These samples were collected as part of routine clinical care to identify gestational diabetes (GDM) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Twelve of these women met criteria for GDM based on an increased glucose level at a minimum of 2 time points. A second set consisted of serum samples collected from 8 nonpregnant women at fasting and 1 h after a meal. Levels of AMH were measured using an ultrasensitive assay (Ansh Labs, Webster, TX). A 2-way ANOVA (sample timing and GDM status) or matched t -test was performed. AMH measurements were subject to a logarithmic transformation before analysis. Results: Median AMH levels in pregnant women at 1, 2, or 3 h after glucose challenge did not differ compared with AMH levels at fasting or by diagnosis of GDM. Similarly, there was no difference in median AMH levels in nonpregnant women of reproductive age at fasting and after a meal. Conclusion: AMH levels are not altered by glucose or food intake.
Vitamin D Toxicity in Young Breastfed Infants: Report of 2 Cases:

Vitamin D toxicity in infants is not uncommon, and has been reported as early as the 1930s, usually due to antirachitic treatment with very high doses of vitamin D. This usually involves administration of 600 000 IU vitamin D2 oral or intramuscularly (termed “stoss therapy”) resulting in vitamin D toxicity symptoms related to hypercalcemia.1-4 Most of these case reports occurred outside the United States. Recently, there are reports of vitamin D toxicity in very young breastfed infants, mostly in the United States, from inadvertent overdose with highly concentrated vitamin D formulation obtained over-the-counter or from free-standing stores (Table 1). Table 1. Case Reports of Breastfed Infants Who Had Vitamin D Toxicity.
Digital Anatomy Atlas and Its Registration to MRI, fMRI, PET: The Past Presents a Future

The purpose of this paper is to review the past and present work in Digital Anatomy of the Human Brain and the registration methods developed for its use, then to extrapolate where the new open problems are, as well as the opportunities in this field. Of course, it will be a very personal review with the focus of my work and of my collaborators with reference to the many others who built upon this early effort.
Large Systems under Neumann Boundary Conditions, Bifurcations

In Sections 7.2 and 7.3, we will give a careful treatment of large parabolic systems of Volterra-Lotka prey-predator type under zero Neumann boundary condition. We follow the methods in [191], [192], [193] and [194], combining graph-theoretic technique with the use of Lyapunov functions. The earlier use of Lyapunov functions to study such reaction-diffusion systems began with [197], [229], [134], [190], and others. The recent results presented here give very general and elegant insight into the problem. Such systems had also been investigated by many others by invariant rectangles and comparison methods as indicated in the notes at the end of this chapter. Results using these other techniques had been summarized in other books, e.g. [211], [31], and are thus not included here.
The Background to Killing’s Work on Lie Algebras

In 1868 Wilhelm Killing (1847–1923), a relatively unknown professor of mathematics at the Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg, East Prussia, published the first of a series of papers entitled “The composition of continuous finite transformation groups.” By virtue of these papers Killing earned for himself a place in the annals of mathematics, for they contained the fundamentals of what would today be described as the structure theory of semisimple Lie algebras. Such key notions as the rank of an algebra, semisimple algebra, Cartan subalgebra, root systems, and Cartan integers originated with Killing, as did the striking theorem enumerating, via root systems, all possible structures for finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over the field of complex numbers. The extraordinary and unprecedented nature of Killing’s work attracted the attention to Elie Cartan (Chapters 6–8), who devoted the early stages of his career to perfecting and extending Killing’s methods and results. Both Cartan and Theodore Molien (Section 10.5) also used Killing’s results as a paradigm for the development of the structure theory of finite-dimensional linear associative algebras over the complex field, obtaining thereby the theorems on semisimple algebras later extended by Wedderburn to abstract fields and then applied by Emmy Noether to the matrix representation of finite groups.1 Furthermore, in the 1920s Hermann Weyl (Chapter 12), who, unlike Cartan, was familiar with the theory of group characters and representations of Frobenius and I. Schur (Chapter 10), recognized in the Killing-Cartan structure theory the requisite tools for the determination, by means of a complete reducibility theorem, of all representations of semisimple groups, thereby contributing decisively to the extension of representation theory to continuous groups.
Integrating Knowledge Gained From Data Mining With Pedagogical Knowledge

Discovering knowledge from raw data is one of the goals of data mining. Yet, it is not always clear how this knowledge is used in educational computing systems and how exactly it is integrated with other knowledge like the pedagogy used. We present a case study where the use of the data mining results was initially described, to a large degree, at the implementation level, thus largely ignoring the nature of the different kinds of knowledge involved. Based on Clancey’s heuristic classification model [7], the description is raised to a conceptual level, the knowledge level. This results in an explicit and well-defined integration of knowledge discovered with data mining techniques, pedagogical knowledge and linguistic knowledge. Such a knowledge-level description leads to an improved understanding of the system and its effects on the learners.
Architectural support for convolutional neural networks on modern CPUs

A key focus of recent work in our community has been on devising increasingly sophisticated acceleration devices for deep neural network (DNN) computation, especially for networks driven by convolution layers. Yet, despite the promise of substantial improvements in performance and energy consumption offered by these approaches, general purpose computing is not going away because its traditional well-understood programming model and continued wide deployment. Therefore, the question arises as to what can be done, if anything, to evolve conventional CPUs to accommodate efficient deep neural network computation. This work focuses on the challenging problem of identifying and alleviating the performance bottlenecks for convolution layer computation for conventional CPU platforms. We begin by performing a detailed study of a range of CNN-based applications on a modern CPU microarchitecture, finding that designing a physical register file (PRF) capable of feeding computational units is the primary barrier that prevents the addition of more compute units in the CPU, limiting the performance improvements that can be achieved by CPU on convolution layers. We present the design of a novel, minimally intrusive set of microarchitectural and ISA extensions that address this problem and describe the code generation support needed to take advantage our design. Through a detailed evaluation that covers 5 state-of-the-art neural network applications, we observe that applying these extensions allows packing more compute in the CPU while keeping PRF energy in check, achieving a 2× performance improvement and a 2.7× energy-delay product improvement against a popular Intel Haswell server processor baseline.
Noncommunicable disease-attributable medical expenditures, household financial stress and impoverishment in Bangladesh.

Abstract Background Treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low-income countries can entail large out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditures, which can increase the likelihood of household impoverishment and perpetuate the poverty cycle. This paper studies the implications of NCDs on household medical expenditure, household financial stress (e.g. selling assets or borrowing for treatment financing), catastrophic OOP expenditure, and impoverishment in Bangladesh. Methods We used self-reported health status and household expenditure survey data from 12,240 households in Bangladesh. NCD-afflicted households were defined by presence of at least one of the following conditions within the household – heart disease, hypertension, asthma, diabetes, cancer, or kidney disease. Using linear regression models, we examined whether NCD households incur more medical expenditures, allocate a larger budget share on medical expenditures, and have greater probability of experiencing catastrophic medical expenditure or financial stress from OOP spending than non-NCD households. Finally, using survey weights, we extrapolated how NCD-attributable medical expenditure can result in impoverishment and downward movement in net consumption status at the population level. Results NCD-afflicted households allocate a greater share of household expenditures for medical care than households without NCDs, and their probability of incurring catastrophic medical expenditure is higher by 6.7 percentage points compared to the households with no reported conditions. NCD households are 85% more likely to sell assets or borrow from informal sources to finance treatment cost. Household spending on NCD care is estimated to account for the impoverishment of 0.66 million persons in Bangladesh in 2010, and for reducing the net consumption status of 7.63 million persons on both sides of the poverty line after accounting for NCD-related OOP expenditures. Conclusion NCD-related household medical expenditure is associated with experiencing financial distress and aggravating poverty in Bangladesh.
High Temperature Sensing with Refractory Plasmonic Metasurfaces

We utilize refractory plasmonic material titanium nitride to experimentally demonstrate metasurface-based remote optical sensing of high temperatures in harsh environmental conditions. Temperature-dependent optical constants give rise to a change in reflectance with varying temperatures.
Preventing Error in the Operating Room: Five Teaching Strategies for High-Stakes Learning.

Abstract Background Effective communication in the operating room between the attending and resident surgeon is necessary to prevent surgical errors. Yet, existing studies do not describe what successful intraoperative teaching looks like and how it prevents errors. Our objective was to identify strategies for successful intraoperative teaching by comparing perspectives of the learner and teacher for the same moments. Material and methods We conducted a naturalistic inquiry by filming five live surgical teaching cases and analyzing more than 250 teaching exchanges, centered on steps with high likelihood for error. We interviewed each attending and resident, who separately viewed cued video clips, and asked how they made their teaching more visible. We compared answers, looking for common understandings of the same moment. Answers were coded, compared to each other, refined, and combined into larger themes. Results We identified five successful strategies for communicating avoidance of intraoperative errors: augmenting verbal instruction with small physical actions, pausing the surgical procedure to explain the larger picture, querying the residents’ knowledge about specific steps, creating memorable coined names, and issuing highly specific commands. Strikingly, we found a significant example of miscommunication between the attending surgeon and resident that was a near-miss uterine perforation during a dilation and curettage. Conclusions Attending surgeons are strategic in their intraoperative communications with learners, resulting in a scarcity of surgical errors when the resident is operating. We present real examples of five successful intraoperative teaching strategies. Successful intraoperative teaching relies heavily on tacit information, necessitating that attending and resident share a common understanding about the next step of the case.
Determining situs by abdominal aorta and inferior vena caval findings: It is neither complicated nor ambiguus

Abstract We reviewed our center's experience with isomeric situs for those identified prenatally or born between 2003 and 2018. We defined left isomerism as an absent hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava with azygos/hemiazygos venous return to the superior vena cava. We defined right isomerism as an ipsilateral abdominal inferior vena cava and aorta. For the period 2003 to 2018, we identified 101 patients that met criteria. Of the 101, 70 (69%) had left isomerism, and 31 (31%) had right isomerism. Of the 101 patients, 89 were live born. For those with left isomerism, 24/70 (34%) had functionally univentricular hearts versus 30/31 (97%) with right isomerism (p = 0.00001). Overall mortality for live-born patients was higher for right isomerism 42% versus 13% for left isomerism (p = 0.029). For the period 2014–2018, 27/27 (100%) of patients with isomerism were diagnosed prenatally compared to 29/57 (51%) for the period 2003–2013 (p = 0.0003). In conclusion, left or right isomerism can be determined by ultrasound imaging of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena caval relationships. To date, all patients have had a discernable situs without any deemed uncertain. Further, our current prenatal diagnosis of isomerism stands at 100%.
Theory of coherent optical transients with quantized atomic motion

A theory of coherent transients is developed in which a sequence of optical pulses is incident on a sample of trapped atoms and gives rise to phase-matched emission from the sample. The trapping potential for the atoms can be state dependent, necessitating a quantum treatment of the center-of-mass motion. A source-field approach is followed, modified to account for the quantized motion of the atoms. The theory is illustrated with two examples, one involving the creation of ground-Rydberg level coherence in an optical lattice and the second Raman coherence between two ground-state sublevels of atoms in a dipole trap. For state-independent potentials, a comparison is made with a theory in which the center-of-mass motion is treated classically.
FAP: The Next Billion Dollar Nuclear Theranostics Target?

The recent successful clinical translation of nuclear theranostics ([1][1],[2][2]) fueled industry investment in the radiopharmaceutical market ([3][3]). Among other examples, Novartis invested $6 billion to acquire Endocyte (177Lu-PSMA-617) and Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA; 177Lu-DOTATATE
“Can Normalization Save Society–or at Least the Sociology of Deviance?”

One of the critiques of the sociology of deviance has come from what Kitsuse (1980) called “tertiary deviants”–individuals and movements objecting to their classification as deviants. In the forty ...
Fast and automated sensory analysis: Using natural language processing for descriptive lexicon development

Abstract As sensory evaluation relies upon humans accurately communicating their sensory experience, the diverse and overlapping vocabulary of flavor descriptors remains a major challenge. The lexicon generation protocols used in methods like Descriptive Analysis are expensive and time-consuming, while the post-facto analyses of natural vocabulary in “quick and dirty” methods like Free Choice or Flash Profiling require considerable subjective decision-making on the part of the analyst. A potential alternative for producing lexicons and analyzing the sensory attributes of products in nonstandardized text can be found in Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP tools allow for the analysis of larger volumes of free text with fewer subjective decisions. This paper describes the steps necessary to automatically collect, clean, and analyze existing product descriptions from the web. As a case study, online reviews of international whiskies from two prominent websites (2309 reviews from WhiskyCast and 4289 reviews from WhiskyAdvocate) were collected, preprocessed to only retain potentially-descriptive nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and then the final term list was grouped into a flavor wheel using Correspondence Analysis and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. The wheel is compared to an existing Scotch flavor wheel. The ease of collecting nonstandardized descriptions of products and the improved speed of automated methods can facilitate collection of descriptive sensory data for products where no lexicon exists. This has the potential to speed up and standardize many of the bottlenecks in rapid descriptive methods and facilitate the collection and use of very large datasets of product descriptions.
Where’s the panic, where’s the fire? Why claims of moral panic and witch hunts miss the mark when it comes to campus rape and MeToo

In this paper, we analyze ways that oppositional rhetoric—specifically cries of “moral panic” and “witch hunt”—resonates in conversations around campus sexual assault and MeToo. We trace the discur...
Pulmonary Ventilation and Pulsatile Perfusion Imaging on Premature Neonates using Simultaneous Multi-Source EIT

We applied our Simultaneous Multi-Source Electrical Impedance Tomography (SMS-EIT) system to detect pulmonary ventilation and pulsatile perfusion on 5 preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome under the nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The results show that derived impedance changes have a potential for clinical application to evaluate effects in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with and without CPAP.
Abstract PS18-24: Impact of protein corona formation on Fn14-targeted DART nanoparticle selectivity, uptake, and cytotoxicity on TNBC cells

Despite dramatic improvements in the treatment of primary breast cancers, there currently are no effective targeted therapeutics for women diagnosed with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC), resulting in an overall survival of just ~13 months in these patients. Drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) offer the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of drugs through use of passive and active targeting to metastatic tumors. However, effective and active targeting of nanodrug formulations to tumor cells is complicated by the adsorption of proteins to NP surfaces upon exposure to the systemic circulation. Termed ‘protein coronas’, this protein coat can drastically reduce the blood circulation time and targeting capability of NPs in vivo. We have developed paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded NPs that are engineered for decreased non-specific adhesivity and receptor-targeting (‘DART’) characteristics, which balance minimal recognition by circulating immune cells and low non-specific binding to tumor extracellular matrix proteins with maximal targeting to tumor tissues. These DARTs selectively bind the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) cell surface receptor, which is overexpressed in over a dozen solid cancers and their metastases, including mTNBC tumors. We recently demonstrated the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Fn14-targeted DARTs in comparison to a non-targeted nanoformulation and Abraxane, an FDA-approved nanoformulation for mTNBC, in xenograft models of primary and intracranial TNBC. In addition, we found that these DARTs retain targeting capability and traffic to Fn14+ tumors in the presence of an endogenous protein corona in vitro and in vivo. This encouraged further investigation into the specific mechanisms of DART NP uptake in tumor cells in both the presence and absence of protein coronas using surface plasmon resonance, flow cytometry, total internal reflection fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and cytotoxicity assays. Understanding the role of protein coronas on this drug delivery platform is crucial for its clinical development and these results provide valuable new information pertaining to the optimization of NP surface properties for minimizing the impact of protein coronas and improving mTNBC tumor targeting in vivo. Citation Format: Christine P Carney, Anshika Kapur, Nikhil Pandey, Jimena G Dancy, Aniket S Wadajkar, Graeme F Woodworth, Jeffrey A Winkles, Anthony J Kim. Impact of protein corona formation on Fn14-targeted DART nanoparticle selectivity, uptake, and cytotoxicity on TNBC cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-24.
Rethinking Compliance Procedures to Combat Insider Trading at Broker Dealer Firms

Compliance programs enable an enterprise to protect and enhance shareholders’ value and/or mitigate against the possibility of unexpected losses or damage to its reputation arising from violations of the law. Generally, most broker-dealer firms have or purport to have in place systems and processes designed to arrest compliance failures. Yet, despite over a staggering $300 billion dollars sunk into compliance costs since 2010, excluding surveillance technology and the employment of dedicated compliance officers, existing compliance procedures have been unable to upend the prevalence of insider trading. Indeed, almost every year the SEC continues to brings numerous insider trading cases. In 2015, FINRA’s Office of Fraud Detection and Market Intelligence referred more than 800 fraud and insider trading cases to the SEC and other federal or state law enforcement agencies for additional investigation and prosecution. And in 2016, the SEC brought a total of 78 cases of insider trading. Several of those cases involve broker-dealers and when they do, they have typically involved individuals on the investment banking side of the broker-dealer or persons in other areas who routinely obtain material nonpublic information. This paper re-examines the inability of established internal control processes, built around technical systems and matrices, to adequately influence the control environment. To augment compliance programs, it proposes a holistic adoption of soft measures that affect the control consciousness of its employees. This creation of synergy between control processes and the control environment will more effectively create a compliance program that detects, reduces and deters lapses in judgment when it comes to guarding against illegal insider trading.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on publication landscape in chimeric antigen receptor-modified immune cell research

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificial receptors introduced mainly into T cells. CAR-induced immune cell (CARi) products have achieved impressive success rates in treating some difficult-to-treat hematological malignancies. Here, we describe effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic on CARi publication landscape. Due to the pandemic, the total number of publications decreased in 2020 compared to 2019 in all fields of cancer immunotherapy except CARi. Nearly exponential increases in the number of CARi publications slowed-down in 2020 for the first time in the past 11 years. There were more CARi than coronavirus publications until 2020 when coronavirus publications increased over 5,000% compared to 2019 (575 publications in 2019 vs. 30,390 in 2020). Unlike cancer immunotherapy where the majority of the publications consist of conference abstracts and review articles, majority of the coronavirus publications are original research articles. There are more coronavirus publications in Pubmed than Embase. The opposite is true for CARi publications. Our analysis of the data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) show significantly higher death rate in patients treated with Kymirah than Yescarta (28.14% vs. 16.02%). Kymirah and Yescarta are the two main CAR T cell products for treatment of DLBCL and/or B-ALL. However, despite being highly significant, this result is not easily interpretable due to multiple confounding variables in the FAERS data. Our analysis additionally suggest that the significant effects of co-stimulatory domains (4-1BB vs. CD28) consistently reported in preclinical studies do not translate into clinical results. Our manual curation of the CARi publications in PubMed shows that only 5.2% of the publications report results from CARi clinical trials, although we found 663 clinical trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov database. In conclusion, publication landscape in CARi as well as other fields of cancer immunotherapy has changed due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. This trend will likely continue in the near future. CARi research is now in need of increased measures by publishers to reduce repetitive and/or duplicate publications and more stringent criteria for data entry into public databases including PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and FAERS to advance this important field of medical research.
Whose Child is this? Improving Child-Claiming Rules in Safety Net Programs

To address the staggering problem of child poverty in the United States, Congress may soon enact a child allowance akin to those in other high-income countries. As lawmakers debate doing so, they must consider the design of rules that determine how benefits are distributed. Among the more important of these are “child-claiming” rules. These rules determine which adults can receive benefits for which children, driving how well a program helps recipients and satisfies public goals. This Article critically assesses the design of child-claiming rules for safety net programs, using as case studies the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit. It considers how best to design child-claiming rules to achieve specific program goals, the foremost of which is supporting children’s well-being. This analysis illustrates that no single rule regime dominates for any given goal or goals. Rather, policymakers compromise between important objectives such as channeling benefits to children’s caregivers and providing flexibility to claimants’ households. Informed by a principle-driven framework, the Article considers how best to navigate these difficult tradeoffs and proposes specific child-claiming rules under several different benefit structures. The analytical framework can inform the design of administrable and inclusive child-claiming rules across safety net programs.