cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The evolution support environment system

The evolution support environment (ESE) system, which provides a framework for capturing and making available semantic information about software components of an evolving software system, is described. The goal in the design of the ESE system was to provide integrated support for management of software architecture configuration, life-cycle configuration, and version control. Software architecture configuration management allows tracking of interconnections among software components that make up a system. Life-cycle management allows traceability among specifications, design, code, and test cases during software development. Adding version control allows specific versions of software objects and their associated objects, such as specifications and test cases, to be retrieved. The authors' experience with the use of the system is discussed. >
Parallel factorization of a sparse representation of integral equations using MPI

A parallel factorization of a sparse multilevel representation of the EFIE impedance matrix is discussed. A nonblocking asynchronous communication protocol is used to transfer data between processors. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the factorization on a distributed memory parallel cluster.
Remarkable solvent effects on first hyperpolarizabilities of zwitterionic merocyanine dyes: ab initio TD-DFT/PCM approach

Abstract We present a quantum–chemical analysis of the solvent effect on molecular structure and first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of zwitterionic molecules. The molecular geometries are obtained via B3LYP/6-31G** optimization including self-consistent reaction field/polarizable continuum model approach, while the dynamics non-linear optical (NLO) properties are calculated with the time-dependent density functional theory/sum-over-state method including solvent effects. It was found that solvents play a remarkable role on the structure and first hyperpolarizabilities of zwitterionic dyes. Changing the solvent from low to high dielectric causes not only an increase in magnitude of β but also a change in sign, therefore passing through zero at intermediate dielectric. There are clearly important consequences from this, in choice of solvent and molecular environment when evaluating NLO molecules.
Interpretation biases in angry and anxious individuals

Although previous research has demonstrated many similarities between anxious and angry individuals, few studies have compared the degree and direction to which they exhibit cognitive biases in the presence of threat. The present study was a preliminary investigation of 28 angry participants, 30 anxious participants, and 26 non-angry/non-anxious participants who rated the likelihood of various explanations to account for ambiguous but potentially threatening events described in short prose passages. Angry participants rated the likelihood of positive explanations for ambiguous events lower than non-angry/non-anxious participants. Angry participants rated the likelihood of anger-related explanations higher than anxious and non-angry/non-anxious participants, and both angry and anxious participants rated anxiety-related explanations as being more likely than non-angry/non-anxious participants. Thus, both angry and anxious participants demonstrated a negative interpretation bias, although the bias was more pervasive in angry participants.
Substance Abuse Comorbidity in Schizophrenia: Editors' Introduction

Substance abuse is a pervasive problem in American society that extends to persons with mental illness. Despite the fact that substance abuse in the mentally ill is a major clinical problem, there have been very few systematic investigations of the dimensions, nature, and treatment of this problem. This issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin attempts to examine the problem of substance abuse in schizophrenia from various perspectives by reviewing the published literature, presenting original data, and identifying areas and approaches for future scientific investigation.
Managing Blended Friendships: Using Empirical Data to Prepare Students and Employees for Relational Outcomes.

The current study investigates how college students expect to react to inequity in blended friendships. Blended friendship is defined as a friendship that involves interaction at work and outside of work. Data from undergraduate students (N = 185) showed that liking and relational importance were found to be lower in underreward and overreward situations versus equitable situations. Whether the inequity was in the task versus the social dimension of the blended friendship had a small effect on liking but did not affect relational importance. The results of this study could contribute to a general realistic job preview (RJP) to be given to graduating seniors as they prepare to enter the workforce or to employees as they enter new organizations.
Fasting Gastric Motility in Duodenal Ulcer Patients

Gastric hypermotility is generally assumed to be a prominent characteristic of the duodenal ulcer patient. A review' of the evidence indicates that this assumption is not as well supported as one would suppose, considering the frequency of duodenal ulcer and the amount of work which has been directed to the study of its pathologic physiology. A recent publication2 attributes merit to a new antispasmodic drug on the basis of its inhibitory effect on the "usual" pattern of fasting gastric motility in duodenal ulcer patients. According to the authors, this pattern consists of periods of contractions occurring regularly at intervals not exceeding 30 minutes. The purpose of the present communication is to summarize our observations on the fasting gastric motility of duodenal ulcer patients.
Crystal and molecular structure of penta(4-methylbenzyl)tantalum, [Ta(CH2C6H4-4Me)5]

Abstract Reaction of the dichloride [TaCl2(CH2C6H4-4Me)3] (1) (CH2C6H4-4Me)2] leads to the homoleptic 4-methylbenzyl compound [Ta(CH2C6H4-4Me)5] (2). The solid state structure of 2 shows a distorted square-pyramidal geometry for the central TaC5 core. Four of the 4-methylbenzyl ligands are σ-bound to the tantalum with TaCH2C angles of 108.4(5)−125.7(5)°, while the remaining ligand has an acute TaCH2C angle of 90.4(5)°. In solution all alkyl groups are equivalent by 1H and 13C NMR even at −60°C, indicating facile exchange of non-equivalent alkyl groups on the NMR time-scale.
Secular trends in parent-reported television viewing among children in the United States, 2001-2012.

Objective Examine trends in parent-reported television (TV) viewing among preschoolers (2–5 years) and children (6–11 years) between 2001 and 2012. Methods Data from the 2001–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. The analytic sample included 5724 preschoolers and 7104 children. Parent proxy of TV viewing at each of the six 2-year cycles was assessed. Results Statistically significant decreases in mean TV viewing between 2001 and 2012 were observed for preschoolers of nearly all gender, race-ethnicity and poverty combinations (exception of Mexican American boys), with the largest decrease occurring among non-Hispanic white boys (29% decrease; 2.24 h/day in 2001–2002 to 1.59 h/day in 2011–2012; P = .01). There was evidence of progressive decrease in mean TV viewing among children, but not to the extent that occurred among the preschool population. Across the six respective cycles for the entire preschool sample, the proportion watching <2 h/day of TV was: 34.9, 34.2, 43.9, 43.4, 39.1 and 49.2 (Ptrend < .001). For children, the respective proportions were: 32.9, 25.2, 38.2, 36.5, 38.1 and 36.6 (Ptrend = .01). Conclusions Statistically significant decreases in mean TV viewing between 2001 and 2012 were observed for preschoolers and children. However, a relatively large proportion of parents report their children watching 2 or more hours/day of TV.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of lithium insertion and de-insertion in copper birnessite nanoparticle electrodes

The combination of ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on 2D layered copper birnessite cathode materials for lithium ion battery applications provides detailed insight into both bulk-crystalline and localized atomic structural changes resulting from electrochemically driven lithium insertion and de-insertion. Copper birnessite electrodes that had been galvanostatically discharged and charged were measured with XRD to determine the accompanying long-range crystalline structure changes, while Mn and Cu K-edge XAS measurements provided a detailed view of the Mn and Cu oxidation state changes along with variations of the local neighboring atom environments around the Mn and Cu centers. While not detectable with XRD spectra, through XAS measurements it was determined that the copper ions (Cu(2+)) are reduced to form amorphous nano-sized Cu metal, and can be oxidized back to Cu(2+). The reversible nature of the interconversion provides a rationale to the enhanced discharge capacity of copper birnessite relative to the analogous copper-free birnessite materials. The manganese oxide octahedra comprising the 2D layers in the original copper birnessite crystal structure disperse during lithium insertion, and revert back close to their original orientation after lithium de-insertion. During electrochemical oxidation or reduction the layered birnessite structure does not collapse, even though significant local disordering around Mn and Cu centers is directly observed.
Assessment of occupational safety risks in Floridian solid waste systems using Bayesian analysis

Safety risks embedded within solid waste management systems continue to be a significant issue and are prevalent at every step in the solid waste management process. To recognise and address these occupational hazards, it is necessary to discover the potential safety concerns that cause them, as well as their direct and/or indirect impacts on the different types of solid waste workers. In this research, our goal is to statistically assess occupational safety risks to solid waste workers in the state of Florida. Here, we first review the related standard industrial codes to major solid waste management methods including recycling, incineration, landfilling, and composting. Then, a quantitative assessment of major risks is conducted based on the data collected using a Bayesian data analysis and predictive methods. The risks estimated in this study for the period of 2005-2012 are then compared with historical statistics (1993-1997) from previous assessment studies. The results have shown that the injury rates among refuse collectors in both musculoskeletal and dermal injuries have decreased from 88 and 15 to 16 and three injuries per 1000 workers, respectively. However, a contrasting trend is observed for the injury rates among recycling workers, for whom musculoskeletal and dermal injuries have increased from 13 and four injuries to 14 and six injuries per 1000 workers, respectively. Lastly, a linear regression model has been proposed to identify major elements of the high number of musculoskeletal and dermal injuries.
The effects of gestational stress and Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment on structural plasticity in the postpartum brain--A translational model for postpartum depression.

Abstract This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication following childbirth experienced by one in every five new mothers. Although the neural basis of PPD remains unknown, previous research in rats has shown that gestational stress, a risk factor for PPD, induces depressive-like behavior during the postpartum period. Moreover, the effect of gestational stress on postpartum mood is accompanied by structural modifications within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–limbic regions that have been linked to PPD. Mothers diagnosed with PPD are often prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant medications and yet little is known about their effects in models of PPD. Thus, here we investigated whether postpartum administration of Citalopram, an SSRI commonly used to treat PPD, would ameliorate the behavioral and morphological consequences of gestational stress. In addition, we examined the effects of gestational stress and postpartum administration of Citalopram on structural plasticity within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) which together with the mPFC and NAc forms a circuit that is sensitive to stress and is involved in mood regulation. Our results show that postpartum rats treated with Citalopram do not exhibit gestational stress-induced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. In addition, Citalopram was effective in reversing gestational stress-induced structural alterations in the postpartum NAc shell and mPFC. We also found that gestational stress increased spine density within the postpartum BLA, an effect which was not reversed by Citalopram treatment. Overall, these data highlight the usefulness of gestational stress as a valid and informative translational model for PPD. Furthermore, they suggest that structural alterations in the mPFC–NAc pathway may underlie stress-induced depressive-like behavior during the postpartum period and provide much needed information on how SSRIs may act in the maternal brain to treat PPD.
Differential Effects of β-Blockers, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, and a Novel AT2R Agonist NP-6A4 on Stress Response of Nutrient-Starved Cardiovascular Cells

In order to determine differences in cardiovascular cell response during nutrient stress to different cardiovascular protective drugs, we investigated cell responses of serum starved mouse cardiomyocyte HL-1 cells and primary cultures of human coronary artery vascular smooth muscles (hCAVSMCs) to treatment with β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, nebivolol, 3 μM each), AT1R blocker losartan (1 μM) and AT2R agonists (CGP42112A and novel agonist NP-6A4, 300 nM each). Treatment with nebivolol, carvedilol, metoprolol and atenolol suppressed Cell Index (CI) of serum-starved HL-1 cells (≤17%, ≤8%, ≤15% and ≤15% respectively) as measured by the Xcelligence Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA). Conversely, CI was increased by Ang II (≥9.6%), CGP42112A (≥14%), and NP-6A4 (≥25%) respectively and this effect was blocked by AT2R antagonist PD123319, but not by AT1R antagonist losartan. Thus, the CI signature for each drug could be unique. MTS cell proliferation assay showed that NP-6A4, but not other drugs, increased viability (≥20%) of HL-1 and hCAVSMCs. Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) staining showed that nebivolol was most effective in reducing cell sizes of HL-1 and hCAVSMCs. Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a protein critical for cardiovascular cell survival and implicated in cell adhesion. β-blockers significantly suppressed and NP-6A4 increased MCL-1 expression in HL-1 and hCAVSMCs as determined by immunofluorescence. Thus, reduction in cell size and/or MCL-1 expression might underlie β-blocker-induced reduction in CI of HL-1. Conversely, increase in cell viability and MCL-1 expression by NP-6A4 through AT2R could have resulted in NP-6A4 mediated increase in CI of HL-1. These data show for the first time that activation of the AT2R-MCL-1 axis by NP-6A4 in nutrient-stressed mouse and human cardiovascular cells (mouse HL-1 cells and primary cultures of hCAVSMCs) might underlie improved survival of cells treated by NP-6A4 compared to other drugs tested in this study.
Abstract B24: The influence of socioeconomic disparities on breast cancer tumor biology and prognosis

Objective: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. This work summarizes the relationships between socioeconomic status and breast cancer in white European women, compared with racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Furthermore, we examined the association between obesity and breast cancer within socioeconomic disparities. Methods: Mortality rates were published by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Obesity data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Medline searches were performed using keywords such as socioeconomic status, poverty, African-American, Hispanic, race and combined with related articles. Results: Socioeconomic deprivation may be responsible for the increased risk of breast cancer mortality in African-American and Hispanic patients as they are more likely than white American patients to be diagnosed with advanced disease. Among white women, social deprivation is related to poor breast cancer prognosis, with increased prevalence rates of high grade, ER-negative tumors, similar to that of triple-negative breast cancers observed in African-American and Hispanic women. Obesity is associated with advanced breast cancer at diagnosis, high tumor proliferation rates and more triple-negative phenotypes, indicating that it may adversely contribute to prognosis. Conclusions: Most studies show an effect of socioeconomic status on breast cancer incidence and prognosis. Research should focus on the influence of social deprivation on breast cancer characteristics such as absence of ER expression that occurs in African-Americans and Hispanics and in white European women with a different genetic background.
Efficiency Evaluation of an Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector

The accumulation of solar-based charges on lunar grains leads to levitation of the like charged particles. The lunar dust deposit on sensitive and costly surfaces of investigative equipment is a serious concern for lunar missions. Benefitting from the inherent trait of lunar particles which are naturally charged, an electrostatic lunar dust collector (ELDC) is hypothesized by this study as a highly efficient way for particle collection and equipment protection in the vacuum. The idea is a grid layer of charged conducting plates in front of the surface to be protected to provide the electrostatic field. Discrete Element Method (DEM) was applied to investigate the effect of electrical particle interactions on collection efficiency. Validation of this Lagrangian-based model was done by comparing to the analytical collection efficiency equation (Eulerian-based model) in the absence of electrical particle interactions. Then, electrostatic screening feature was turned on to address the difference in collection efficiency. The obtained results from Lagrangian-based method were close to the Eulerian-based solutions and indicated a small reduction in collection efficiency compared to the predicted analytical results. At the worst case scenario, all the 100-μm-sized particles would be collected by providing approximate electric field 6.4 kV/m. Both the Eulerian-based and Lagrangian-based methods confirm the adequacy of the proposed system for prospective applications.
Inclusion body myositis and anesthesia: a case series

Abstract Study Objective Inclusion body myositis is a painless inflammatory myopathy affecting older adults. It manifests as progressive muscle atrophy and weakness, typically affecting proximal lower extremity muscles initially but insidiously progressing to affect other muscles, including bulbar (oropharyngeal) muscles and the diaphragm, and leading to dysphagia and respiratory insufficiency. This study reviews the perioperative outcomes of patients with inclusion body myositis who received general anesthesia. Design Observational retrospective study. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Patients Patients with inclusion body myositis from October 1, 2009, to September 30, 2015, undergoing procedures requiring general anesthesia. Interventions Perioperative health records were reviewed. Measurements Perioperative outcomes and complications were assessed, with emphasis on respiratory complications and unexpected reactions to succinylcholine and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. Main Results Sixteen patients with inclusion body myositis underwent 18 procedures requiring general anesthesia. Succinylcholine was used during induction in 6 cases (33.3%) and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs in 11 cases (61.1%). For 13 patients (72.2%), the trachea was extubated at the end of surgery, and none had postoperative respiratory complications. The 5 patients who continued to have tracheal intubation were expected to require continuous mechanical ventilation postoperatively. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery. One patient underwent a tracheostomy for planned long-term mechanical ventilation but life support was withdrawn after 22 days, and 2 severely deconditioned patients died at 11 and 15 days following general anesthesia for endoscopic procedures. Conclusions Our patients with inclusion body myositis had uneventful perioperative outcomes following general anesthesia with depolarizing and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. The small patient cohort in our series precludes a definitive conclusion regarding the safety of anesthetic agents in this patient population.
Complexities of diagnosing neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient with burn injury: could stimulant abuse be a risk factor?

Received February 7, 2016; revisedMay 6, 2016; acceptedMay 6, 2016. FromUniversity of North Carolina School ofMedicine, Chapel Hill, NC (SLL, GJG); University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC (NAS). Send correspondence and reprint requests to Sarah L. Laughon, M.D., University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Neurosciences Hospital 2nd Floor, CB #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160; e-mail: sarah_laughon@med.unc.edu & 2016TheAcademy of PsychosomaticMedicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction
Urinary Undiversion in Myelodysplasia: Criteria for Selection and Predictive Value of Urodynamic Evaluation

AbstractUrinary undiversion was done in 15 children with myelodysplasia and ileal conduits. The process of evaluation and the criteria for selection are described. Neurologic and psychologic factors have an important role. Electromyography of the external urethral sphincter Is helpful in predicting which children would be continent after undiversion and In managing the neurogenic bladder postoperatively. Over-all, a successful outcome has been achieved In two-thirds of the children chosen for undlversion.
Agriculture and World Feeding Alternatives

Food production is rarely analysed from the ecological point of view, while even more rarely are the constraints placed in clear focus. Yet these matters have to be moved to the centre-stage of the current debate around the food issue.
Promotions on Newport and Marlboro Cigarette Packages: A National Study.

Introduction While cigarette pack designs are part of integrated marketing efforts, it is unclear the degree to which packs are used to advertise promotions and whether the tobacco retailers' neighborhood characteristics influence the likelihood and type of pack-based promotion in the United States. Methods Between June and October 2012, data collectors purchased packs of either Marlboro Red (n = 1090) or Newport Green (n = 1057) cigarettes at 2147 stores that were part of a national sample of tobacco retailers in the contiguous US. Coders rated packs for the presence of an exterior and interior pack promotion, placement of exterior promotion (eg, front, back), presentation of exterior promotion (eg, onsert, tear strip), and nature of the promotion (eg, contest/give/away). Using Census tract data, we examined the association of pack promotions with tobacco retailers' neighborhood demographic characteristics. Results Marlboro packs were approximately twice as likely to have promotions as Newport packs (31.7% vs. 14.7%). Fewer Marlboro packs (14.6%) and no Newport packs had interior promotions. The majority of exterior promotions were for contests (>80% for both brands), while almost all interior Marlboro promotions (97.5%) were for a discounted price. There were few differences in presence or type of promotion by tobacco retailers' neighborhood characteristics. Conclusions Exterior packs promotions, in particular, were fairly common and may contribute to the allure of tobacco products. Implications Use of promotions on the interior and exterior of cigarette packs are a mechanism that the tobacco industry uses to sell its products and should be continually assessed for their influence on consumer behavior.
Changing clothes for sustainability? The how and why of clothing redesign

Redesigning used clothing – requiring deconstruction and reconstruction beyond basic repair and alteration – could be a sustainable alternative to these problems. Only a few authors have researched clothing redesign but even so have identified potential opportunities for economic and environmental gain (Janigo & Wu, in press; Young, Jirousek, & Ashdown, 2004). Our research goals were to add a longitudinal element to previous research which involved women in a collaborative redesign project in 2011 (Janigo & Wu, in press), to further understand how and why female consumers might redesign used clothing, and to identify what characteristics, if any, are shared among consumers of redesign.
Application of a new non-linear stress-strain model to axisymmetric turbulent swirling flows

A new nonlinear stress-strain relation for the turbulent stresses is applied to axisymmetric flows. A brief description is given for the development of the model which is derived from the modeled transport equations for the Reynolds stress. The Reynolds stress relation is a finite sum of tensor groups depicting various interactions between the mean vorticity field and the strain field. Implementation of the stress relation is in the context of a k-e type model and results are presented for axisymmetric shear flows with and without swirl.
Multiple Facets for Dynamic Information Flow with Exceptions

JavaScript is the source of many security problems, including cross-site scripting attacks and malicious advertising code. Central to these problems is the fact that code from untrusted sources runs with full privileges. Information flow controls help prevent violations of data confidentiality and integrity.This article explores faceted values, a mechanism for providing information flow security in a dynamic manner that avoids the stuck executions of some prior approaches, such as the no-sensitive-upgrade technique. Faceted values simultaneously simulate multiple executions for different security levels to guarantee termination-insensitive noninterference. We also explore the interaction of faceted values with exceptions, declassification, and clearance.
Postmortem succession of gut microbial communities in deceased human subjects

The human microbiome has demonstrated an importance for the health and functioning in living individuals. However, the fate of the microbiome after death is less understood. In addition to a better understanding of microbe-mediated decomposition processes, postmortem succession of human-associated microbial communities has been suggested as a possible forensic tool for estimating time since death, or postmortem interval (PMI). The objective of our study was to document postmortem changes in human gut bacterial communities. Gut microflora were repeatedly sampled from the caeca of cadavers as they decayed under natural environmental conditions. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that over time, bacterial richness significantly increased (rs = 0.449) while diversity decreased (rs = - 0.701). The composition of gut bacterial communities changed in a similar manner over time towards a common decay community. OTUs belonging to Bacteroidales (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides) significantly declined while Clostridiales (Clostridium, Anaerosphaera) and the fly-associated Gammaproteobacteria Ignatzschineria and Wohlfahrtiimonas increased. Our examination of human caeca microflora in decomposing cadavers adds to the growing literature on postmortem microbial communities, which will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes.
Thermoreversible Folding as a Route to the Unique Shape-Memory Character in Ductile Polymer Networks.

Ductile, cross-linked films were folded as a means to program temporary shapes without the need for complex heating cycles or specialized equipment. Certain cross-linked polymer networks, formed here with the thiol-isocyanate reaction, possessed the ability to be pseudoplastically deformed below the glass transition, and the original shape was recovered during heating through the glass transition. To circumvent the large forces required to plastically deform a glassy polymer network, we have utilized folding, which localizes the deformation in small creases, and achieved large dimensional changes with simple programming procedures. In addition to dimension changes, three-dimensional objects such as swans and airplanes were developed to demonstrate applying origami principles to shape memory. We explored the fundamental mechanical properties that are required to fold polymer sheets and observed that a yield point that does not correspond to catastrophic failure is required. Unfolding occurred during heatin...
Computational Approaches to Metaphor

There has been a great deal of work being done recently on creating computational models of the mechanisms of metaphor and analogy. Some of the more recent and influential theories include those by Andrew Ortony (1979), Jamie Carbonell (1982), Dedre Gentner (1985), Tourangeau and Sternberg (1982), and Earl MacCormac (1985). In this chapter we will be examining each of these approaches, and comparing and contrasting them with the DTH theory.
Long-Term Reconstituting Hematopoietic Stem Cell Capacity in the Embryo

Hematopoiesis is the dynamic process whereby all formed elements of the blood arise from multipotent precursor cells. In the adult mouse, hematopoiesis occurs primarily within the medullary cavity of bone and in the spleen. During murine development, however, hematopoiesis is found in numerous sites within and outside the embryo proper.1 The first blood cells in the mouse embryo arise between embryonic day 7 and 8 (E7-8) in the yolk sac.2, 3 Primitive erythroid progenitor production is restricted to the yolk sac and while these cells first differentiate into mature nucleated primitive red blood cells expressing embryonic globins, recent evidence indicates that eventually these cells enucleate intravascularly.4 Other recent evidence indicates that “definitive” erythroid and myeloid progenitors, including high proliferative potential colony-forming cells, are also produced in the yolk sac as early as E8.25.5, 6
Transplantation in foreign nationals: Lower rates of waitlist mortality and higher rates of lost to follow‐up posttransplant

A controversial issue in the transplant community is whether or not to provide deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) to noncitizen/nonresidents (NCNRs) who travel for liver transplantation (LT). The expectation is that transplantation of NCNRs will not compromise access for US citizens/residents (USCRs), and that NCNRs would have similar post-LT follow-up. This has never been formally assessed. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data from February 27, 2002 to December 31, 2016 were used to identify NCNRs and compare to USCRs, excluding Status 1 adults. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze waitlist outcomes, and competing risk analysis was used to assess rates of lost to follow-up post-LT. From February 27, 2002 to December 31, 2016, 1260 NCNRs were listed for LT (0.86% of listings). Adjusted probability of DDLT was not significantly different for NCNRs and USCRs (P > .5), but NCNRs were significantly less likely to be removed from the waitlist for death or clinical deterioration (aOR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.93, P = .003). In multivariable competing risk models, NCNRs had an 11-fold higher risk of being lost to follow-up after accounting for the competing risk of death (SHR: 11.44, 95% CI: 8.72-15.01, P < .001), as well as lower rates of posttransplant mortality (SHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.91, P = .012). Our findings speak to the need to standardize practices for NCNRs and set expectations for post-LT care.
Influence of L2 English phonotactics in L1 Brazilian Portuguese illusory vowel perception

Abstract This study examines potential changes to L1 (Brazilian Portuguese, BP) perception of phonotactic structure as a function of L2 (English) experience. Syllables with a coda stop violate syllable structure constraints in BP, but are licit in English. As a result, BP monolinguals perceive an illusory /i/ after an illicit coda (e.g., ob/i/ter ‘to obtain’). To understand the effects on L1 perception when the L2 phonology allows a syllabic structure that is illicit in the L1, we tested 15 L1 speakers of BP in an L2 English immersion setting. In separate BP and English sessions, participants completed an explicit metalinguistic vowel identification task and two ABX tasks, with one ABX task designed to tap lower-level processing and the other, higher-level phonological processing. Our analysis reveals that, while not fully target-like in L2 English, the bilinguals’ perception data in both languages contrast sharply with existing monolingual BP data. This is the case whether participants employ what we assume here to be metalinguistic strategies, lower-level encoding strategies, or higher-level encoding strategies in perception. Based on this pattern of results, we conclude that the data provide evidence of L2 phonotactic influence in L1 perception.
Inflation Volatility with Regime Switching

This paper presents a new approach to model U.S. inflation dynamics by allowing regime switching in an unobserved components stochastic volatility framework. We use a modified particle filter to construct likelihood and estimate the model using MLE. The number of regimes is determined based on a bootstrap. We find that a model with three regimes and regime‐dependent constant volatilities has superior performance. In addition, we show that since 2000:II, U.S. inflation has entered a regime with moderate volatility where most of the volatility comes from transitory shocks.
Rhino Chasers and Rifles: Surfing Under the Public Trust Doctrine

Coastal development and erosion, rising seas and climate change, and alterations to watersheds threaten to decimate beach access the public has enjoyed for generations. Surfers and other recreational beachgoers have embraced the public trust doctrine as a legal theory that protects their continued access to beaches and submerged lands, even as beaches disappear. The doctrine has long been championed as the silver bullet for protecting natural resources in the face of environmental threats and development. While the doctrine imposes certain responsibilities and limitations on trustees of trust lands, and it protects certain public trust doctrine uses, it is not clear that surfing qualifies as a protected use. This uncertainty stems from the fact that there are at least fifty public trust doctrines in the United States, which developed independently based on the needs of each jurisdiction. These modern doctrines protect traditional uses, such as navigation and fishing, but also sometimes include recreation and other expanded uses under the doctrine. This article investigates whether surfing is currently a protected use under these public trust doctrines. It first explains surfing’s importance and value to the coastal United States, both economically and culturally. Next, it explains what the public trust doctrine is and traces its path from ancient Roman doctrine to modern environmental law cornerstone. Finally, it analyzes the coastal public trust doctrines and whether surfing fits within the scope of these jurisdictions’ doctrines. This article looks both at whether states currently recognize surfing and whether they might under the bounds of their existing doctrines under case law.
Machine learning the density functional theory potential energy surface for the inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr 3

The temperature and pressure dependence of structural phase transitions determine the structure-functionality relationships in many technologically important materials. Harmonic Hamiltonians have proven successful in predicting the vibrational properties of many materials. However, they are inadequate for modeling structural phase transitions in crystals with potential energy surfaces that are either strongly anharmonic or nonconvex with respect to collective atomic displacements or homogeneous strains. In this paper we develop a framework to express highly anharmonic first-principles potential energy surfaces as polynomials of collective cluster deformations. We further adapt the approach to a nonlinear extension of the cluster expansion formalism through the use of an artificial neural net model. The machine learning models are trained on a large database of first-principles calculations and are shown to reproduce the potential energy surface with low error.
Psychological Aspects of Injury in Gymnastics

While many sports medicine professionals (e.g., medical doctors, physical therapists, athletic trainers, chiropractors, massage therapists) focus on the physical aspects of injury recovery, the psychological effects of sport injury and impact on recovery also warrant attention by medical providers. Psychological factors can increase or decrease the risk of injury occurring, can impact an athlete’s emotional and behavioral response to injury, and can affect the recovery process. Psychological interventions, such as mental skills interventions, can both prevent injury and enhance injury rehabilitation and return to sport. When emotional disturbances and clinical issues (e.g., major depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, trauma) are present, sports medicine professionals should refer athletes to a qualified mental health professional. This chapter addresses (a) psychological and sociocultural antecedents of injury; (b) psychological responses to injury; (c) psychological interventions during rehabilitation; and (d) psychological aspects of returning to gymnastics following injury. The referral process to mental health professionals and multidisciplinary treatment of the injured athlete will also be discussed.
The Legislative Matching Game: Committee Matching and Effective Legislating in the States:

I argue that the value of a particular set of committee assignments for a legislator is dependent on that legislator’s policy interests. By this, I mean that “good” assignments will match committee...
A model for in situ plan of care for a critically unstable pediatric patient following I-131 MIBG infusion.

Recent clinical trials have moved iodine-131 (I-131) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy into frontline management of high-risk neuroblastoma. With this expansion, it is reasonable to anticipate the need for intensive care level resuscitations. Radiation exposure remains the greatest risk to health care professionals managing these patients. We combined shock simulation scenario data with actual radiation dosimetry data to create a care model allowing for aggressive, prolonged in situ resuscitation of a critically ill pediatric patient after I-131 MIBG administration. This model will maintain a critical care provider's radiation level below 10% of the annual occupational dose limit (5 mSv, 500 mrem) per patient managed.
Anti-retroviral protease inhibitors regulate human papillomavirus 16 infection of primary oral and cervical epithelium

Epidemiology studies suggest that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) may be at increased risk of acquiring opportunistic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections and developing oral and cervical cancers. Effective HAART usage has improved survival but increased the risk for HPV-associated cancers. In this manuscript, we report that Protease Inhibitors (PI) treatment of three-dimensional tissues derived from primary human gingiva and cervical epithelial cells compromised cell-cell junctions within stratified epithelium and enhanced paracellular permeability of HPV16 to the basal layer for infection, culminating in de novo biosynthesis of progeny HPV16 as determined using 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling of newly synthesized genomes. We propose that HAART/PI represent a novel class of co-factors that modulate HPV infection of the target epithelium. Our in vitro tissue culture model is an important tool to study the mechanistic role of anti-retroviral drugs in promoting HPV infections in HAART-naive primary epithelium. Changes in subsequent viral load could promote new infections, create HPV reservoirs that increase virus persistence, and increase the risk of oral and cervical cancer development in HIV-positive patients undergoing long-term HAART treatment.
Expeditionary Plastic Surgery: Reconstruction Pearls for the Non-plastic Surgeon Managing Injured Host Nationals

This review focuses on techniques for reconstructing soft tissue injuries in host nationals that can be performed by non-plastic surgeons in a deployed environment. Advances in wound care technology and techniques have created opportunities to bring world-class care to injured host nationals. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation can reduce bacterial bioburden, decrease the number of operative debridements, and decrease time to wound closure, saving scarce resources in a deployed setting. Perforator-based pedicle flaps can be utilized to cover large soft tissue defects with minimal donor site morbidity and excellent flap survival. Targeted muscle reinnervation can be performed at the time of an amputation to decrease chronic neuropathic pain. Techniques from simple to complex can be learned and successfully performed by the general, trauma, and orthopedic surgeons in austere locations in order to effectively leverage limited resources for the best outcomes for host nationals.
Relational Dynamics of Leadership: Problems and Prospects

Relationships are central to understanding what occurs in the workplace. The leader-member exchange (LMX) approach dominates the literature on relational dynamics of leadership. Research supports L...
Corporate Risk Management and the Insurance Industry

There are at least two reasons that corporate risk management is important for firms in the insurance industry: (1) An insurance company’s value depends directly on its risk-management policy. (2) The asset risk in an insurance company’s loan portfolio depends on its customers’ risk-management policies. In this paper, I analyze these implications of corporate risk-management for life insurance companies. In section 2, I suggest that corporate risks can be arrayed along a spectrum. At one extreme are firm-specific risks while at the other are market-wide risks. I note that forwards, futures, options, and swaps are specialized risk-management tools that allow the firm to hedge many sources of market-wide financial risk. In addition to these off-balance-sheet hedging alternatives, financially engineered instruments, such as dual-currency bonds, provide on-balance-sheet hedging alternatives. In section 3, I focus on motives for value-maximizing firms to purchase such specialized risk-management instruments. This section thus identifies the implications of hedging by customers for the insurer’s asset portfolio risk. Section 4 examines the implications of life insurer risk-management policies. In section 5, I present my conclusions.
The Effects of the Gulf War on Migration and Remittances

A key feature of the regional economy in the Middle East and North Africa is the flow of migrants from resource poor, but labor abundant countries to the resource rich nations of the Persian Gulf. These workers send remittances back home in large quantities, in some cases exceeding the value of home country exports. The 1990-1991 Gulf War disrupted this dynamic as hundreds of thousands of migrants returned to their native countries, leading to significant decreases in remittance flows to these nations. Using a panel VAR analysis, I show that remittance inflows to the labor exporting countries in the region have a significant yet temporary impact on GDP growth. The major reductions in remittances during the Gulf War were at least partially responsible for the economic downturns suffered by many nations in the region during this period. This result is relevant today as the global financial crisis of 2008 has led to a similar downturn in remittance flows from the Gulf nations.
How many polymorphic genes will it take to span the human genome

Abstract It is desirable to know how many polymorphic marker loci will be required so that every human genetic locus can be mapped by classical pedigree methods to a specific region of a specific chromosome. Assuming a total autosomal map length of 33 morgans, it would take only about 33/(2d) evenly spaced markers for every locus to be within d morgans of a marker. Taking into account that the markers will fall randomly along the genome, we show that a much larger number of such loci will have to be isolated and tested before the goal of a saturated gene map is reached.
The Physics Case for an e^+ e^- Super B-Factory

I share some personal reflections about the physics potential and the physics case that can be made for an e^+ e^- high-luminosity B-meson factory, as presented in my summary talk at the recent "Super B-Factory Workshop" jointly organized by the BaBar and Belle Collaborations (Honolulu, Hawaii, January 2004). These brief remarks will appear as part of a forthcoming, comprehensive report on the physics potential of such a ``10^{36} machine''.
WORLD - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION

This article explores the application of world-systems analysis (WSA) to the comparative study of education systems. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of transnational trends in education are identified: namely political realist and neoinstitutionalist. Following a discussion of their intellectual origins and basic assumptions, the article turns to an analysis of the articulation of world-systems analysis with the growing body of globalization research. The interactions between global economic and cultural forces and local contexts are illustrated in representative case studies in the field of comparative and international education. Special attention is given to the impact of major international governmental agencies as well as nongovernmental organizations on education policy agencies. Advances in telecommunication technologies, which compress time and space, are then analyzed with regard to how they shape the nature of work and education system responses. A penultimate section contrasts "globalization from above" with "globalization from below," the cross-national linking protest movements aimed at achieving more equitable education systems and just societies. The concluding section summarizes how different approaches to worldsystems analysis, within the more general framework of globalization research, can contribute to theory -building and more enlightened educational policy and practice- principal goals of the field of comparative and international education.
A Review of “Considering emotions in critical English language teaching: theories and practice”

Considering emotions in critical English language teaching: theories and practice, by S. Benesch, New York, Routledge, 2012, vii + 148 pp., £23.99, $49.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-415-88204-0; £85.0...