cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and associated microstructure for reactive phase formation

Abstract While solid-state reactions are employed for the processing of complex materials, the microstructural evolution that initiates from a compositionally inhomogeneous patterned structure has received little to no attention. For example, it has been recognized recently that it is possible to achieve such structures in systems having entropy-stabilized line compounds that are thermodynamically stable only above a certain critical temperature. To obtain a better understanding of the kinetics and product microstructures associated with reactions that initiate on a template, we employ here a reaction-diffusion formalism to model the microstructural evolution of the product phase produced via solid-state reaction from a starting, bi-phasic template. In particular, we connect the spatio-temporal evolution of the product phase with the geometry and chemistry of the starting duplex structure. The formalism employed here was developed for chemical systems and, in this context, we show that it enables an understanding of microstructural evolution associated with solid-state reactions. While we consider here idealized examples to highlight underlying processes, we also discuss how one can use the results to select judiciously templates to promote the formation of desirable microstructures and to quantify important experimental kinetic parameters that dictate observed patterns. Finally, we describe the use of our simulation methodology to extract important kinetic information from experimentally-generated product-phase microstructures resulting from solid-state reactions.
Physics with Polarized Beams in e+e- Colliders

The spin structure of the standard model of electroweak interactions is described, with emphasis on the relevance to polarized beam phenomena. The polarization dependence of the cross section, charge asymmetries, and examples of experimental measurements using longitudinal polarization are given. Longitudinal beam polarization is discussed in some detail, including electroweak radiative corrections. Applications to testing the standard model and looking beyond for additional gauge bosons are considered.
The Inconsolable Organization: Toward A Theory of Organizational and Cultural Change

A new metaphor and concept is proposed to comprehend massive organizational change where the inability to mourn prevails: “inconsolable organization.” The group psychodynamics of this process are explored, in part with the aid of the work of Yiannis Gabriel on the concept of “organizational miasma.” Three vignettes are used to “flesh out” the idea of an inconsolable organization. A tentative model is proposed, one that situates organizational inconsolability relative to other dimensions of adaptation to traumatic change. Recommendations are offered for assisting organizations in these circumstances.
Effects of a skill-based intervention to encourage condom use among high risk heterosexually active adolescents

In this article the authors describe the development and testing of three behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases among heterosexually active adolescents. The interventions include a comic book a videotape and a group skill training curriculum that emphasize skill development--for communicating and negotiating condom use with partners in addition to providing basic information. Participants included 228 youths sampled in juvenile detention and 168 youths sampled from public health STD clinics and other similar clinics. The samples included both young men and women and were comprised of African American and European American adolescents ages 14-19 years. Examination of the relative efficacy of the intervention at 3 and 6 months following intervention show very few differences among conditions despite the fact that the interventions contained most of the elements that previously have been defined as essential for effective interventions. In the discussion the authors consider possible reasons for this outcome and make recommendations for future research. (authors)
Volkswagen do Brasil: Driving Strategy with the Balanced Scorecard

A new management team at VW do Brazil develops and deploys a strategy map and Balanced Scorecard to accomplish a turnaround and cultural change after eight consecutive years of financial losses and market share declines. The team uses the strategy map to align financial and project resources to the strategy, and to motivate its more than 20,000 employees by communicating the strategy in multiple ways and installing reward and recognition programs. It also establishes new programs to align the extensive networks of suppliers and dealers to the strategy. But after a sharp decline in sales triggered by the global financial crisis of 2008, the executive team faces a dilemma: should cut back production levels and funding for strategic initiatives until sales recover, or should it continue to invest for the future?Learning Objective:To teach how the Balanced Scorecard is used as part of a strategic management system.
Drug Use Among Latino Youth: Two Popular Criminological Perspectives Infused with Latino Culture

Drug use among Latino youth in the United States is a persistent problem which has been examined from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and social work. These share significant overlap with mainstream criminological approaches to explaining delinquency and drug use, which have virtually ignored these issues or investigated them exclusively from an ethnocentric perspective. The naturally multidisciplinary topics of Latino youth, culture, and drug use can be readily situated within two popular frameworks (social control and strain), and these can also be enriched with core aspects of Latino culture. Complimentary cultural values enhance these two perspectives and significantly contribute to our criminological understanding of some of the reasons why Latino youth become involved in drug use. After reviewing our current knowledge on this subject, suggestions are made for ways future criminological research can more deeply explore these rich cultural reasons related to why some Latino youth use drugs. This can ultimately help inform more relevant drug use reduction strategies and also decrease the proportion of Latino youth who come into contact with the criminal justice system for drug-related offenses.
Eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein X in the nasal lavage of children during the first 4 weeks of life

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) are well established as markers of eosinophil activation. We analyzed ECP and EPX concentrations in nasal lavage fluids (NALF) of 378 neonates during their first 4 weeks of life. Inclusion criteria were a positive history of parental allergy and a positive skin prick test or specific IgE (RAST class ≥2) against at least one out of a panel of common aeroallergens in one or both parents. Twenty-four infants with no history of parental allergy were used as controls. A volume of 2 ml of 0.9% saline was instilled into each nostril and immediately recovered by a suction device. ECP and EPX were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. In 65 samples of three consecutive lavages, EPX was detected in nine samples (13.8%) in the control group, whereas it was detected in 197/360 samples (54.7%) in the study population. The corresponding figures for ECP were 17/65 (26.2%) in the control group and 173/365 (47.4%) in the study group. Both proteins showed a skewed distribution (median/5–95th percentiles for ECP: 0 µg/l [0–69.4] and EPX: 6.6 µg/l [0–73.2]). The differences between the control group and the study group were statistically significant, regardless of the allergic disease of the parents. In children of allergic parents, activation proteins of the eosinophil granulocyte are released on the nasal mucosal surface in about 50% of the studied population at the age of 4 weeks. This early onset of eosinophil activation in the nasal respiratory epithelium may reflect a genetic predisposition to allergy or early exposure to allergens.
Exploiting circular DNA

Using circular DNA to measure the degree of unwinding of the double helix caused by ligand binding was one of the first applications of the specific properties of circular DNA. The approach is conceptually simple. Consider a nicked circular DNA of N base pairs that is bound to molecules of a ligand so that the ratio of bound ligands to base pairs is equal to ν. If φ is the angle of unwinding of the double helix by one bound ligand, the change of the equilibrium twist of the DNA, ΔTw, is given by the equation 1 It is easy to measure ΔTw by using the topological properties of circular DNA. …
Knowledge of medical history information among proxy respondents for deceased study subjects

Abstract Proxy respondents were interviewed for 96 decedents in an occupational cohort. A second respondent was interviewed for 59 decedents. Medical records were reviewed to validate questionnaire information. The percentage of respondents who answered “don't know” (non-response) to questions about medical condition ranged from 5% (cancer and heart disease) to 17% (ulcers). Non-response rates were lowest among spouses, intermediate among children, parents, and siblings, and highest among other relatives and friends. Among 41–55 pairs, depending on the condition, agreement between paired respondents was excellent (κ > 0.75) for ulcers, cancer, diabetes, and lung disease. A higher percentage of medical records was obtained for decedents with spouse respondents and for decedents with more recent dates of death. Sixty percent or more of the medical records were obtained for patients with cancer ( n = 30), heart disease ( n = 26), stroke ( n = 9), and liver disease ( n = 10). The positive predictive value of the proxy respondent information for these conditions was 93, 81, 78, and 60%, respectively.
Low temperature Si:C co-flow and hybrid process using Si3H8/Cl2☆

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate a Si 3 H 8 /SiH 3 CH 3 /PH 3 /Cl 2 based co-flow process and a “hybrid” co-flow process with interruptions of the deposition. The motivation for the work stems from the desire to improve manufacturability through higher growth rates and higher etch rates commensurate with the drive to lower thermal budgets of integration of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor and memory platforms. For high volume manufacturing, high selective epitaxial growth rates are necessary for enhanced throughput and low cost of ownership. Both high growth rate and low temperatures enable sufficiently high substitutional carbon levels [C] sub in dilute Si:C alloys. The hydride deposition gases Si 3 H 8 , SiH 3 CH 3 and PH 3 and the etch gas Cl 2 were kept separate in the pressurized gas supply lines and injected separately into the reaction chamber thus avoiding premature chemical reactions. The importance and the role of a suitable inert carrier gas are emphasized.
Sirtuin and pan-class I/II deacetylase (DAC) inhibition is synergistic in preclinical models and clinical studies of lymphoma

Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of lymphoma has led to paradigm-changing treatment opportunities. One example involves tailoring specific agents based on the cell of origin in aggressive lymphomas. Germinal center (GC)-derived diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is known to be driven by an addiction to Bcl6, whereas the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype is driven by nuclear factor κB. In the GC subtype, there is a critical inverse relationship between Bcl6 and p53, the functional status of which is linked to each transcription factor's degree of acetylation. Deacetylation of Bcl6 is required for its transcriptional repressor effects allowing for the oncogene to drive lymphomagenesis. Conversely, acetylation of p53 is activating when class III deacetylases (DACs), or sirtuins, are inhibited by niacinamide. Treatment of DLBCL cell lines with pan-DAC inhibitors in combination with niacinamide produces synergistic cytotoxicity in GC over ABC subtypes. This correlated with acetylation of both Bcl6 and p53. This combination also produced remissions in a spontaneous aggressive B-cell lymphoma mouse model expressing Bcl6. In a phase 1 proof-of-principle clinical trial, 24% of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma attained a response to vorinostat and niacinamide, and 57% experienced disease stabilization. We report herein on the preclinical and clinical activity of this targeted strategy in aggressive lymphomas. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00691210.
Current treatment paradigms in the management of lymphatic malformations

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign abnormalities of the lymphatic system that can be significantly infiltrative and intimately involve critical structures of the head and neck, making their management difficult. Historically, LMs have been managed by surgical excision, but this treatment approach results in significant morbidity and a high recurrence rate secondary to subtotal resection. As an alternative to surgery a variety of drugs have been used as intralesional sclerosants and immunotherapeutics. These agents offer improved outcomes with lower morbidity as compared to surgery when targeted to macrocystic LMs. However intralesional therapy is not effective in the treatment of microcystic LMs. The development of treatments that are effective for all types of LMs will require further understanding of lymphangiogenesis and the pathogenesis of LMs.
Structure of electrodeposited Tl overlayers on Au(100) studied via surface X-ray scattering

Abstract The electrodeposition of Tl on Au(100) has been investigated using surface X-ray scattering. At potentials prior to Tl bulk deposition, Tl adatoms form a c( p × 2) close-packed monolayer on the unreconstructed Au(100) surface in both acid and alkaline solutions. The Tl monolayer uniaxially compresses over a 0.25 V wide potential range and the nearest-neighbor-separation of Tl attains a minimum value of 3.34A. This is close to the value obtained on Au(111) prior to bulk Tl deposition. From the specular X-ray reflectivity, a 2.55AAu Tl layer spacing is obtained for the c( p × 2) monolayer. Bulk deposition of Tl at potentials negative of the reversible Nernst potential results in the formation of imperfectly-aligned hexagonal-close-packed crystallites on top of the c( p × 2) monolayer. At potentials positive to the stripping of the c( p × 2) monolayer, a (2 × 2) diffraction pattern is observed in perchloric and sulfuric acid solutions but not in alkaline solutions. Real space models are proposed.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE CONFORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY

In the gas phase the carboxyl group of an n-carboxylic acid molecule may adopt a number of different conformations. Upon adsorption on a solid surface, however, the carboxyl group usually assumes one of two possible configurations. Atomically resolved STM images show that the conformations of the carboxyl groups in 12-bromododecanoic acid and 2-bromohexadecanoic acid molecules differ when adsorbed at the liquid (phenyloctane)−solid (graphite) interface.
Path-following control for mobile robots localized via sensor-fused visual homography

This paper presents a novel navigation and control system for wheeled mobile robots that includes path planning, localization, and control. A path following control system is introduced that is capable of guiding and keeping the robot on a designated curve. Localization and velocity estimation are provided by a unique sensor fusion algorithm that incorporates vision, IMU and wheel encoder data. Stability analysis is provided for the control system, and experimental results are presented that prove the combined localization and control system performs with high accuracy.
Utilization of lipophilic ionic additives in liquid polymer film optodes for selective anion activity measurements.

Lipophilic anionic and cationic additives are investigated as components for use in liquid polymer film-based optodes. These ionic additives are known to strongly influence the selectivity behavior of anion-selective electrodes. They also make it possible to construct ion coextraction optodes that can measure anion activities. Theoretical, thermodynamic anion−optode equilibria formalisms were derived to help understand the influence these additives have on the overall optode response and on the selectivity behavior. Neutral and charged anion carrier film configurations are described and tested for two anion ionophores with known modes of action, ruthenium(II) octaethylporphyrin and a vitamin B12 derivative (cyanoaquacobyrinic acid heptakis(2-phenylethyl ester)). These film configurations were further tested using a less well-understood ionophore, indium(III) octaethylporphyrin. Notable is the indium(III) octaethylporphyrin optode, which has a dynamic range appropriate for physiological measurements of chl...
Effects of alternate routings under variable lot-size conditions

SUMMARY Research into alternate routings suggests that basing process plans solely on machine and expected batch characteristics may be ignoring two important elements. (1) As actual batch quantities vary from their expected values, the balance between fixed and variable process components sometimes shifts, causing different machines to exhibit lower total processing costs. (2) As the most cost-effective machines become disproportionately loaded, the efficiency of the system may be served by considering alternative machines that are more generally available. The focus of this study is to investigate the significance of considering actual process quantity and relative resource availability under common conditions.
SU(3) ⊃ R(3) Wigner coefficients in the 2s-1d shell

Abstract Explicit algebraic expressions are given for SU(3) ⊃ R(3) Wigner coefficients, which are of particular interest in p-shell and 2s-1d shell-model calculations. An orthogonal basis tied closely to Elliott's basis is chosen according to a systematic recipe. The Wigner coefficients are those involving the Kronecker products ( λ 1 μ 1 ) × ( λ 2 μ 2 ) → ( λ 3 μ 3 ) in the following cases: 1. (i) ( λ 2 μ 2 ) = (10), (01) and μ 1 ≦ 4 (arbitrary λ i ), i = 1, 3. (For the case μ i = 4, only auxillary coefficients are tabulated whenever the angular momentum multiplicity is 3. From these the final Wigner coefficients can be calculated for any specific case of interest.) 2. (ii) ( λ 2 μ 2 ) = (20), (02) and μ i ≦ 3 (arbitrary λ i ), or λ i ≦ 3 (arbitrary μ i ) i = 1, 3. 3. (iii) ( λ 2 μ 2 = (11) and μ i ≦ 3 (arbitrary λ i ), or λ i ≦ 3 (arbitrary μ i ) i = 1, 3 except for ( λ 3) × (11) → ( λ 3) which is not given. A method is also given whereby coefficients with more complicated (λ 2 μ 2 ) can be calculated from coefficients of type (i) by a build-up process. Some symmetry properties are discussed.
Formation history and physical properties of sediments from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope

Abstract The synthesis of available geological information and surface temperature evolution in the Alaska North Slope region suggests that: biogenic and deeper thermogenic gases migrated through fault networks and preferentially invaded coarse-grained layers that have relatively high hydraulic conductivity and low gas entry pressures; hydrate started forming before the beginning of the permafrost; eventually, the permafrost deepened and any remaining free water froze so that ice and hydrate may coexist at some elevations. The single tested specimen (depth 620.47–620.62 m) from the D unit consists of uncemented quartzitic fine sand with a high fraction of fines (56% by mass finer than sieve #200). The as-received specimen shows no evidence of gas present. The surface texture of sediment grains is compatible with a fluvial-deltaic sedimentation environment and shows no signs of glacial entrainment. Tests conducted on sediments with and without THF hydrates show that effective stress, porosity, and hydrate saturation are the major controls on the mechanical and geophysical properties. Previously derived relationships between these variables and mechanical/geophysical parameters properly fit the measurements gathered with Mount Elbert specimens at different hydrate saturations and effective stress levels. We show that these measurements can be combined with index properties and empirical geomechanical relationships to estimate engineering design parameters. Volumetric strains measured during hydrate dissociation vanish at 2–4 MPa; therefore, minimal volumetric strains are anticipated during gas production at the Mount Elbert well. However, volume changes could increase if extensive grain crushing takes place during depressurization-driven production strategies, if the sediment has unexpectedly high in situ porosity associated to the formation history, or if fines migration and clogging cause a situation of sustained sand production.
The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Modulates Protease Activity in the Brain by Mediating the Cellular Internalization of Both Neuroserpin and Neuroserpin-Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Complexes

Proteases contribute to a variety of processes in the brain; consequently, their activity is carefully regulated by protease inhibitors, such as neuroserpin. This inhibitor is thought to be secreted by axons at synaptic regions where it controls tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity. Mechanisms regulating neuroserpin are not known, and the current studies were undertaken to define the cellular pathways involved in neuroserpin catabolism. We found that both active neuroserpin and neuroserpin.tPA complexes were internalized by mouse cortical cultures and embryonic fibroblasts in a process mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). Surprisingly, despite the fact that active neuroserpin is internalized by LRP, this form of the molecule does not directly bind to LRP on its own, indicating the requirement of a cofactor for neuroserpin internalization. Our studies ruled out the possibility that endogenously produced plasminogen activators (i.e. tPA and urokinase-type plasminogen activator) are responsible for the LRP-mediated internalization of active neuroserpin, but could not rule out the possibility that another cell-associated proteases capable of binding active neuroserpin functions in this capacity. In summary, neuroserpin levels appear to be carefully regulated by LRP and an unidentified cofactor, and this pathway may be critical for maintaining the balance between proteases and inhibitors.
A 323 MHz quarter-wave spark source for the production of stable spark discharges

Abstract A physically-compact digitally actuated spark source employing a quarter-wave transmission line is described. The quarter-wave method for production of voltages leading to spark gap ionization and current conduction is discussed, and the spark discharge's spectral, electrical and positional stability and reproducibility are examined experimentally. Source constructional examples are provided.
Discussing cyber attack

Cyber attack---the other side of cyber defense---deserves a more open discussion than it has been getting.
The design of agri-environmental schemes: Farmers’ preferences in southern Spain

Agri-environmental schemes (AES) play a key role in promoting the production of environmental public goods by European Union agriculture. Although extensive literature has analyzed AES, some important issues remain understudied. This paper performs an ex-ante assessment of AES in permanent cropping, analyzing several issues that have received little attention from researchers, such as ecological focus areas (EFA) and collective participation. For this purpose, a choice experiment was used to assess farmers’ preferences toward AES in a case study of olive groves in southern Spain. Results show high heterogeneity among farmers, with different classes being identified, from potential participants to non-participants. As regards EFA, almost half of the farmers would be willing to accept it up to 2% for low monetary incentives (€8–9/ha per additional 1% of the farmland devoted to EFA) while the rest would do it for moderate-to-high monetary incentives (€41–151/ha per additional 1% of EFA). However, for a high share of EFA (e.g., 5–7%) higher incentives would presumably be required due to the intrinsic spatial restrictions of olive groves. With regard to collective participation, we find that it is unlikely that farmers would participate collectively with the incentive of the up to 30% EU-wide bonus. These results are relevant for policy-making now when new AES are being designed for the next programming period 2014–2020.
Scales in K(ℝ) at the end of a weak gap

In this note we shall proveTheorem 0.1. Letbe a countably ω-iterable-mouse which satisfies AD, and [α, β] a weak gap of. Supposeis captured by mice with iteration strategies in ∣α. Let n be least such that ; then we have that believes that has the Scale Property.This complements the work of [5] on the construction of scales of minimal complexity on sets of reals in K(ℝ). Theorem 0.1 was proved there under the stronger hypothesis that all sets definable over are determined, although without the capturing hypothesis. (See [5, Theorem 4.14].) Unfortunately, this is more determinacy than would be available as an induction hypothesis in a core model induction. The capturing hypothesis, on the other hand, is available in such a situation. Since core model inductions are one of the principal applications of the construction of optimal scales, it is important to prove 0.1 as stated.Our proof will incorporate a number of ideas due to Woodin which figure prominently in the weak gap case of the core model induction. It relies also on the connection between scales and iteration strategies with the Dodd-Jensen property first discovered in [3]. Let be the pointclass at the beginning of the weak gap referred to in 0.1. In section 1, we use Woodin's ideas to construct a Γ-full a mouse having ω Woodin cardinals cofinal in its ordinals, together with an iteration strategy Σ which condenses well in the sense of [4, Def. 1.13]. In section 2, we construct the desired scale from and Σ.
Suppression of the hypo- and hyperthermic responses to 5-HT agonists following the repeated administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Hypo- and hyperthermic responses resulting from the activation of putative 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively, were examined after the chronic treatment of rats with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The treatment of rats for 4 or 7 days with nialamide (40 mg/kg, twice daily) resulted in a suppression of the hypothermic effect of the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.05–0.25 mg/kg, SC). The decrease in body temperature elicited by a low dose of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT, 1 mg/kg) also was diminished in rats treated chronically with nialamide. The administration of a high dose of 5MeODMT (5 mg/kg) resulted in a hyperthermic response, which was also attenuated after the repeated administration of nialamide. The repeated administration of clorgyline (a selective inhibitor of type A MAO) or deprenyl (a selective inhibitor of type B MAO) failed to alter the hypothermic effect of 8-OH-DPAT. However, in animals treated chronically with both clorgyline and deprenyl, a suppressed response to 8-OH-DPAT was observed. In view of the concept that the hypo- and hyperthermic responses to 5-HT agonists are mediated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes, respectively, it is concluded that the responsiveness of these 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in thermoregulatory responses is decreased following chronic treatment of rats with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It appears that inhibition of both type A and B MAO is necessary for this desensitization process.
Selection on body size and sexual size dimorphism differs between host species in a seed‐feeding beetle

Sexual size dimorphism varies substantially among populations and species but we have little understanding of the sources of selection generating this variation. We used path analysis to study how oviposition host affects selection on body size in a seed-feeding beetle (Stator limbatus) in which males contribute large ejaculates (nuptial gifts) to females. Females use nutrients in these ejaculates for egg production. Male body size, which affects ejaculate size, affects female fecundity and is thus under fecundity selection similar in magnitude to the fecundity selection on female body size. We show that when eggs are laid on a host on which larval mortality is low (seeds of Acacia greggii) fecundity predicts fitness very well and fecundity selection is the major source of selection on both male and female adult size. In contrast, when eggs are laid on a host on which larval mortality is high (seeds of Parkinsonia florida) fecundity poorly predicts fitness such that fecundity selection is relaxed on both male and female size. However, because egg size affects larval mortality on this poor host (P. florida) there is selection on female size via the female size --> egg size --> fitness path; this selection via egg size offsets the reduction in fecundity selection on female, but not male, body size. Thus, differences in host suitability (due to differences in larval mortality) affect the relative importance of two sources of selection on adult body size; fecundity selection on both male and female body size is lower on the poor quality host (P. florida) relative to the high quality host (A. greggii) whereas selection on female body size via effects of egg size on offspring survival (body size --> egg size --> fitness) is greater on the poor quality host relative to the high quality host. Because selection via the egg size path affects only females the difference in larval survival between hosts shifts the relative magnitude of selection on female vs. male size. Researchers working on other study systems should be alerted to the possible importance of subtle, but consequential, indirect selection on their study organisms.
The organizational and managerial consequences of computer technology

Abstract Computer technology is profoundly influencing the ability of managers to obtain, analyze and transmit information. What is the impact of that change on managers and on their organizations? In an initial effort to answer this question 22 managers who use office automation were interviewed. Important changes seem to occur in three areas: information used for decision making and associated beliefs concerning what kinds of problems can be solved, locus of decision making authority and managerial job characteristics. Content analysis of interviews and case examples are brought to support these conclusions. Suggestions for further research are presented.
Evaluation of the use of resonant frequencies to characterize physical properties of human long bones

Human tibiae were subjected to steady state vibration over a frequency range to evaluate the use of clinical measurements of resonant frequency to characterize osteoporosis. Displacement and force transmitted to the bone were monitored and used to obtain measures of dynamic mass, stiffness, damping and resonant frequency. Initial results indicate that resonant frequency F is a less sensitive indicator of change in state than either generalized mass M or generalized stiffness K due to the functional relationship of these three parameters.
Desmoplastic fibroma of the zygoma

Desmoplastic fibroma is an exceedingly rare primary bone tumor. Previous reports have not included the presentation of this tumor associated with the zygoma. This report describes the unusual presentation and surgical management of a desmoplastic fibroma of the zygoma.
A preliminary theoretical analysis of a modified membrane filter technique to detect ice-forming nuclei in a thermal diffusion chamber

A preliminary mathematical analysis of a membrane filter technique for estimating the population of A-sized ice-forming nuclei is presented. The technique consists of drawing an aerosol sample through a membrane filter and then exposing the surface of the filter to controlled conditions of temperature and water vapor supersaturation in a dynamic chamber. The number of ice crystals which form on the filter is related in sometimes subtle ways to the concentration of ice forming nuclei in the aerosol sample. In order to enhance experimental control of supersaturation during filter development, condensation nuclei are also deposited on the filter.
Synthesis of Doxorubicin Conjugates Through Hydrazone Bonds to Melanotransferrin P97

Through hydrazone bonds, three doxorubicin-p97 conjugates 5, 9, 12 are synthesized using adipic dihydrazine, 4-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-butyric acid hydrazine 6 and adipic acid mono hydrazine 10 as linkers. These are potential agents for treating brain tumors.
Composition Dependence of 63Ni Diffusion in Single‐Crystal NiO‐MgO Solid Solutions

Diffusion coefficients were determined for 63Ni diffused into single-crystal NiO-MgO solid solutions for 16.2 h at 1303°C. The solid solutions ranged in composition from 0 to 67.9 at.% NiO and were prepared by prior interdiffusion between NiO-MgO powder compacts and single-crystal MgO at conditions (10 days at 1800°C) selected to provide concentrations which were uniform to at least 5 at.% NiO within the subsequent isotope diffusion zone. The diffusion coefficient of 63Ni increased with increasing Ni content of the solid solution with an exponential dependence given by D*= (1.55±0.12±10−11) exp (3.16±0.46 [NiO]). The result confirms data previously obtained from Boltzmann-Matano analysis of interdiffusion specimens, but under conditions where the precise shape of the solute gradient is not essential and where the assumption of rapid local equilibration of defect structure need not be made.
A note on surface films and surface waves

Abstract The boundary condition for the continuity of the shear stress between a surface film and an underlying liquid is cast in the form u + l ( u y +▿ν) = 0 , where: u and ν are the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity at the interface between the film and the liquid (y l is a complex function of the frequency σ that has the dimensions of length and may be expressed in terms of the surface-film parameters or, more conveniently, regarded as a phenomenological parameter to be determined by direct measurement. The complex dispersion relation for a surface wave of frequency σ and wavenumber k is derived in the form σ = σ 0 ƒ(e, λ) , where σ = σ0(k) is the relation for an inviscid fluid, e ≡ k l v , gl ≡ l / l v , l v ≡ (2v/σ) 1 2 , and v is the kinematic viscosit
Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Low Back Pain Care For Medicare Patients

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technology frequently used to evaluate low back pain, despite evidence that challenges the usefulness of routine MRI and the surgical interventions it may trigger. We analyze the relationship between MRI supply and care for fee-for-service Medicare patients with low back pain. We find that increases in MRI supply are related to higher use of both low back MRI and surgery. This is worrisome, and careful attention should be paid to assessing the outcomes for patients.
Irisin ERKs the Fat

Increasing energy expenditure is an attractive approach to fighting the worldwide epidemic in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exercise is an important component of good health and represents the first line of therapy for humans with a variety of metabolic disorders: obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. Recent data has shown that exercise, besides using calories to do physical work, also causes an increase in energy expenditure through augmentation in brown fat and the browning of white fat (Fig. 1) (1,2). Indeed, these effects on brown fat could represent part of the longer-lasting benefits of exercise. Figure 1 Recombinant irisin regulates the thermogenic program in fat through ERK and p38 pathways. Recombinant irisin produced in yeast is glycosylated and active. It induces the thermogenic gene program in 3T3-L1 cells and primary subcutaneous adipocytes. In vivo treatments of this recombinant protein in mice show strong anti-obesity effects and improve systematic glucose homeostasis. That brown fat, in all of its dimensions, can improve type 2 diabetes and metabolic health seems to be settled science, at least in experimental animals (3). These cells express UCP1 and have a high mitochondrial content, thereby dissipating chemical energy …
Magnetic susceptibility of MnIn2S4

Abstract Recent magnetic resonance results suggest that MnIn 2 S 4 is antiferromagnetic with a Neel point near liquid helium temperature, in disagreement with previously reported dc (direct current) susceptibility measurements. The resonance data suggest that these susceptibility measurements were made at an applied dc field comparable to or greater than the critical field. This would tend to obscure observation of a magnetic transition, since some of the spins would be “flopped.” The susceptibility measurements have been repeated at a much lower applied field. From these new measurements, a Neel temperature of 4.9°K is obtained, in agreement with the resonance data, and an exchange parameter of 1430 is computed.
Building self-efficacy in tennis players: A coach's perspective

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the degree to which high school and age group tennis coaches use 13 strategies for influencing self-efficacy and their evaluation of the effectiveness of those strategies. Self-efficacy rating differences between categories of coaches (e.g., male versus female, successful versus less successful, more versus less experienced, physical education/coaching courses versus no courses) were also examined. Subjects were 222 high school and age group coaches in the Southwest and results indicated that they used all 13 strategies designed to enhance self-efficacy to a moderate degree and found these techniques to be at least moderately effective. More specifically, the most often used strategies to enhance self-efficacy as well as those strategies found most effective included encouraging positive self-talk, modeling confidence oneself, instruction-drilling, liberally rewarding statements, and verbal persuasion. Few between-coach differences were found...
Strategies for Business in Mexico: Free Trade and the Emergence of North America, Inc.

Preface Introduction The Corporate Integration of the Mexican Economy The Integration of the Mexican Economy Assessing the Mexican Market Management Strategies for Mexican Alliances The Case of Infrastructure Assessment Case Study: Market Analysis--An Overview of the Waste Water Treatment and Water Supply Market The Paternalism of Employer-Employee Relations in Mexican Society Understanding the Mexican Persona The Surrender of Economic Sovereignty The Meeting of Two Great Civilizations The Nature of Mexican Nationalism and Culture Integrating the Mexican Economy into the Age of Free Trade Integrating the Mexican Economy A General Survey from the Mexican Investment Board The Limitations on African-American Executives in Mexico A Question of Corruption Epilogue Appendix I: Mexican Trade Offices in the United States Appendix II: Mexican Trade Organizations Selected Bibliography Index
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts Compared with Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Variceal Hemorrhage: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) have widened the use of portal decompression as therapy for variceal hemorrhage. However, no controlled studies have examined the efficacy of TIPS compared with that of other treatments. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of TIPS with those of endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Tertiary-care academic medical center. Patients: 100 patients with cirrhosis were evaluated a mean of approximately 10 days after an episode of acute variceal bleeding; 20 patients were excluded because of portal venous thrombosis (n = 6), hepatoma (n = 3), florid alcoholic hepatitis (n = 6), and refusal to give consent (n = 5). Interventions: TIPS (n = 41) or sclerotherapy (n = 39). The latter was performed by freehand injections of 5% Na morrhuate at 2- to 3-week intervals. Recurrent variceal hemorrhage was managed by sclerotherapy followed by angiographic assessment of TIPS and dilatation of the stents (TIPS group) or crossover to TIPS (sclerotherapy group). Measurements: Rebleeding and survival were the primary end points. Complications and rates of rehospitalization were secondary end points. Results: During a mean follow-up of approximately 1000 days, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding resulted from variceal hemorrhage (9 patients in the TIPS group and 8 in the sclerotherapy group), portal gastropathy (1 patient in each group), and gastric lipoma (0 and 1 patients, respectively). A higher mortality rate was seen with TIPS (P = 0.03). Death resulted from variceal bleeding (5 patients in the TIPS group and 3 in the sclerotherapy group), sepsis (3 and 2 patients, respectively), liver failure (2 patients in each group), hepatoma (1 and 0 patients, respectively), and hemoperitoneum (1 and 0 patients, respectively). Encephalopathy was the most common complication in the TIPS group (n = 12), and pain developing after sclerotherapy was the most common in the sclerotherapy group (n = 10). The two groups had similar rates of rehospitalization. Conclusions: Endoscopic sclerotherapy and TIPS are equivalent with respect to rebleeding developing over the long term. However, sclerotherapy may be superior to TIPS with respect to survival.
Influence of time–temperature treatments on the emulsifying properties of gum acacia in beverage emulsions

Abstract Response surface was used to evaluate the significance of time–temperature treatments on gum acacia solutions with respect to the stability of gum acacia-based dilute beverage emulsions. Treatments ranked from a minimum of pasteurization (30 min at 62.5°C) to a maximum just before inducing protein precipitation from the gum (90 min at 100°C). Heat treatment improved emulsion stability to a greater extent in Acacia seyal than Acacia senegal samples, with optimum values around 80°C and 60 min for both species. Response surface was statistically significant in Seyal but not in Senegal.
Role of epigenetic and miR-22 and miR-29b alterations in the downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes in early preneoplastic livers in rats induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Carcinogenesis is a multistep sequential process of clonal expansion of initiated cells associated with the accumulation of multiple cancer-specific heritable phenotypes. The acquisition of these heritable cancer-specific alterations may be triggered by mutational and/or non-mutational changes in the genome that affect the regulation of gene expression. Currently, cancer-specific epigenetically mediated changes in gene expression are regarded as driving events in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of gene-specific expression changes in the mechanism of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the complete hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The results of the present study demonstrate significant alterations in gene expression, especially of Mat1a and Mthfr genes, during early stages of rat 2-AAF-induced liver carcinogenesis. Both of these genes were downregulated in the livers of 2-AAF-treated male rats. Inhibition of Mat1a expression was associated with an increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and a decrease in histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation at the gene promoter/first exon region. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time a critical contribution of miR-22 and miR-29b microRNAs in the inhibition of Mat1a and Mthfr gene expression during 2-AAF-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes was accompanied by marked functional alterations in one-carbon metabolism. The results of the present study suggest that downregulation of the Mat1a and Mthfr genes may be one of the main driver events that promote liver carcinogenesis by causing a profound accumulation of subsequent epigenetic abnormalities during progression of the carcinogenic process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restoration of an impounded salt marsh in New England

The restoration of a 20 ha tidal marsh, impounded for 32, yr, in Stonington, Connecticut was studied to document vegetation change 10 yr after the reintroduction of tidal flushing. These data were then compared to a 1976 survey of the same marsh when it was in its freshest state and dominanted byTypha angustifolia. Currently,T. angustifolia remains vigorous only along the upland borders and in the upper reaches of the valley marsh. Live coverage ofT. angustifolia has declined from 74% to 16% and surviving stands are mostly stunted and depauperate. Other brackish species have also been adversely effected, except forPhragmites australis which has increased. In contrast, the salt marsh speciesSpartina alterniflora has dramatically expanded, from <1% to 45% cover over the last decade. Locally, high marsh species have also become established, covering another 20% of the marsh.
Semiparametric Estimation in the Rasch Model and Related Exponential Response Models, Including a Simple Latent Class Model for Item Analysis

Abstract The Rasch model for item analysis is an important member of the class of exponential response models in which the number of nuisance parameters increases with the number of subjects, leading to the failure of the usual likelihood methodology. Both conditional-likelihood methods and mixture-model techniques have been used to circumvent these problems. In this article, we show that these seemingly unrelated analyses are in fact closely linked to each other, despite dramatic structural differences between the classes of models implied by each approach. We show that the finite-mixture model for J dichotomous items having T latent classes gives the same estimates of item parameters as conditional likelihood on a set whose probability approaches one if T ≥ (J + 1)/2. Unconditional maximum likelihood estimators for the finite-mixture model can be viewed as Keifer-Wolfowitz estimators for the random-effects version of the Rasch model. Latent-class versions of the model are especially attractive when T is...
Induction and genetics of two α-galactosidase activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The induction of α-galactosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. We have demonstrated the existence of inducible internal and external α-galactosidase activities and have studied the relationship between the two α-galactosidases by examining a mutant strain which lacks both the internal and external activities. The mutant possesses a mutation in a single locus (mel 1-1) which does not affect the synthesis of the other galactose pathway enzymes or the ability of the yeast to grow on media containing only galactose as the carbon source. Genetic studies of the mutant indicate that mel 1-1 is recessive and allelic to the wild type allele for melibiose fermentation Mel 1.
Proximal forearm fistula for maintenance hemodialysis

Effective hemodialysis demands ready access to the peripheral circulation. For brief courses of treatment, the standard Quinton-Scribher Silastic Teflon Shunt [1] successfully fulfills this requirement. However, infection and thrombosis make such shunts unsuitable for use in maintenance hemodialysis. In 1966, Brescia, Cimino, and Hurlwith introduced a surgically–created fistula between the cephalic vein and the radial artery at the wrist [2]. These fistulae exhibit increased duration of patency, making them extremely useful for long-term hemodialysis.