cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoemission of Xe and Kr Adsorbed on the W(110) Plane

Abstract The UPS and XPS spectra of Xe adsorbed on clean, O, CO, and Xe covered W(110) surfaces and the UPS spectrum for Kr on clean and O covered W(110) surfaces have been investigated. On clean W, Xe and Kr show a splitting of the 5p 3 2 and 4p 3 2 hole states respectively. For Xe the coverage dependence of this splitting was investigated in detail; neither the positions nor the intensity ratio of the substates are coverage dependent for θ ⩾ 0.04, suggesting that splitting is due to differences in the image interaction of the m j = ± 3 2 and m j = ± 1 2 components. For Xe equal shifts, relative to vacuum, of ~1.0 eV were observed for 5p, 4d, and 3d levels, suggesting that initial state effects are small. Image interaction for Xe and Kr on clean W could best be fitted by assuming an increase, rather than a decrease in the effective hole-image separation from the nominal value, suggesting that the image plane is moved back into the metal by a screening length. For Xe adsorbed on Xe W (110), or on virgin- CO W (110) polarization of the intermediate layers was found to contribute significantly to relaxation. Coadsorbed oxygen broadened Xe 5p and Kr 4p peaks. There was an almost linear relation between O 2p UPS intensity at the energies of the various peaks and the amounts of broadening, suggesting that the latter results from resonance neutralization by electrons from the O 2p states.
Pepsinogen. Prolate ellipsoid or unrecognized pathogen

Pepsin is a potent proteolytic enzyme stored and secreted by chief cells in an inactive precursor form, pepsinogen. Its secretion is modulated by both cAMP and calcium-dependent mechanisms. Abnormalities in levels of pepsinogen and its various isozymogens have been linked clinically, epidemiologically, and experimentally to peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. The ulcerogenesis of pepsin stems from its ability to breach gastroduodenal mucosal barriers. Furthermore, certain isozymogens seems abundant and hyperactive in patients with peptic ulcer disease. The etiology and significance of low pepsinogen levels with disproportionate elevations of pepsinogen II and pepsin 5 in gastric cancer and its precursors is less clear. Further exploration of the patho-physiologic role of pepsin is likely to be of considerable importance in initiating further advances in the understanding and treatment of upper gastrointestinal disease.
Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus: A 10-year prospective study on the value of diagnostic tests

PURPOSE : To evaluate which serologic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroradiographic tests alone or in combination are most useful in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPLE). PATIENTS AND METHODS : Prospective study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) hospitalized with neuropsychiatric disease between January 1982 and December 1991. Special tests evaluated as part of this study included serum antinuclear antibodies, complement levels, serum and CSF antineuronal antibodies, CSF special protein studies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] index and oligoclonal bands), serum antiribosomal-P antibodies, serum antiphospholipid antibodies, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined for single tests and combinations of tests. RESULTS : Fifty-two NPLE patients were categorized by neuropsychiatric presentation (32 diffuse, 10 focal, and 10 complex presentations) and compared to 14 SLE control patients. Each NPLE patient with a diffuse or complex presentation had abnormal CSF IgG index/oligoclonal bands, elevated CSF antineuronal antibodies, and/or serum antiribosomal-P antibodies, yielding a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 86%, and PPV of 95% for this combination of tests. Nine of 10 patients with focal presentations and all with complex disease had evidence of vasculitis/livedo reticularis, antiphospholipid antibodies, and/or a cranial MRI with multiple lesions, giving a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 86%, and a PPV of 90% for this battery of tests. These combinations of tests correctly diagnosed all nine SLE patients whose initial diagnosis proved to be incorrect based on subsequent clinical course. Abnormal test results frequently normalized or improved with successful therapy. CONCLUSIONS : Specific tests for CSF antibodies are most useful diagnostically in diffuse NPLE, implicating autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of this NPLE presentation. In those patients with diffuse NPLE who present with primarily psychiatric disease, serum antiribosomal-P antibodies appear to be helpful. In contrast, focal NPLE appears to be mostly secondary to vascular occlusion, and the presence of dermal vasculitis/livedo reticularis, antiphospholipid antibodies, and/or an abnormal cranial MRI are most helpful diagnostically. Patients with complex presentations demonstrate abnormalities characteristic of both diffuse and focal NPLE. Abnormal tests can be followed serially and appear to correlate with clinical responses to therapy.
Human gene therapy — an immature genie, but certainly out of the bottle

The gene therapy community has swung from an excited and overoptimistic mood to one of disillusionment with the apparent slowness of progress and with the absence of truly therapeutic applications. Although gene therapy is yet to come of age, there can be no doubt that, in time, it will bear fruit.
The evaluation of right and left ventricular morphology by CMR with comparison to recipient heart after heart transplant: a surgical perspective

CMR is considered the ‘gold standard’ for non-invasive LV and RV mass quantitation. To our knowledge, this information is soley based on animal and phantom data never having been prospectively or retrospectively validated in humans, undermining its credibility. This issue is particularly important for the RV having complex geometry ill suited for mathematical modeling, placing increased importance on accurate mass quantitation. The surest way to validate the accuracy and thus the true gold standard of CMR derived mass is through autopsy but obviously is not feasible
A nutrition education curriculum for senior high home economics students: Its effect on students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition instruction—using the culrriculum guide Nutrition in a Changing World, Concerns of Young Adults—on nutrition knowledge, selected food/nutrition attitudes, and food behaviors of students enrolled in senior high school home economics courses. A quasi-Solomon four-group experimental design was used. One experimental group was pretested, taught nutrition via the curriculum, and posttested. A second experimental group, which was not pretested, was taught nutrition via the curriculum and posttested. One control group was pretested and posttested, and a second control group was only posttested. Neither control group received food and nutrition instruction until after the study was complete. We used three instruments to collect data: a nutrition knowledge test, a food/nutrition attitude instrument containing four scales, and a two-part food behavior assessment form. The results indicate that the experimental group had significantly improved knowledge scores and improved attitude scores on the scale entitled Nutrition Affects Health . No significant changes were observed in posttest scores on the food behavior assessment form.
Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Dielectric Constants of the Thallous Halides

The effects of temperature (76-400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) and hydrostatic pressure (up to 20 kbar) on the static dielectric constants of single crystal TlCl and TlBr and polycrystalline TlI were investigated. TlCl and TlBr have the CsCl structure, whereas TlI transforms from an orthorhombic structure to the CsCl structure at 4.8 kbar and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In all cases, the dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ decreases with both increasing temperature (at low temperatures) and increasing pressure. At 1 bar and 293\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\ensuremath{\partial}T})}_{P}$ and ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\ensuremath{\partial}P})}_{T}$ (in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) are -3.94 and -1.81, -3.70 and -1.77, -0.68 and -0.65 for TlCl, TlBr, and TlI (orthorhombic), respectively. For TlI (cubic) the corresponding values at 3 kbar and 293\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are -4.04 and -1.47. At the orthorhombic \ensuremath{\rightarrow} cubic transition, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ of TlI increases by 35%, but this change is found to be entirely due to the change in volume, the total polarizability per molecule being independent of crystal structure. The temperature dependence of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is separated into volume-dependent and volume-independent contributions. For the thallous halides the latter contribution, which is determined by anharmonic lattice effects, is large and determines the sign of ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\ensuremath{\partial}T})}_{P}$. On the basis of Szigeti's theory and the assumption that the optical dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{op}}$ is a unique function of volume, it is found that anharmonicities in the potential energy and nonlinearities in the dipole moment account for 30-40% of the lattice contribution to $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ of the thallous halides. The effective charge ratio $\frac{{e}^{*}}{e}$ at room temperature is 0.96 for TlCl and 0.95 for TlBr. At low temperatures, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ of TlCl and TlBr obeys a Curie-Weiss law $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\frac{c}{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{0})}$ with ${T}_{0}$ negative. At high temperatures (g300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are predominantly determined by the formation and transport of lattice defects. The activation energies calculated from the results agree well with values obtained from ionic-conductivity measurements.
Design of 8T-nanowire RAM array

SRAM based memory blocks constitute a major part of state-of-art processor architectures. Increasing complexity and variation in nanometer CMOS fabrication has prompted exploration of memory circuits based on emerging nanofabrics. In this work, we propose a new 8T-Nanowire based RAM (8T-NWRAM) circuit for high density memory arrays. The design is based on N3ASIC, a nanofabric using combination of crosspoint nanowire FETs and integration with metal interconnects. The layout implementation is optimized to reduce bitline load and achieve high performance. The upper bound on bitcell area is 0.1μm2, which is 50% more compared to conventional 6T-SRAM. However, both performance and leakage are significantly improved. Circuit simulation using N3ASIC 2C-xnwFET device models show improvements of >2X in read time and ~4X in write time compared to high performance SRAM. The average leakage power at 0.2nW is ~20X smaller compared to high performance SRAM. In comparison with existing 10T-NWRAM, the 8T-NWRAM provides a twofold improvement in read time and ~46% faster write time, but at the expense of ~30% increase in area and average leakage power. Thus, 8T-NWRAM is a viable alternative to 10T-NWRAM for performance vs area/leakage design requirement. We also study the impact of supply noise induced clock jitter on NWRAM circuits and propose adequate design margin to ensure bitcell stability.
Hard Scattering QCD Corrections in Monte Carlo Shower Models

The problem of incorporating exact 2→3 QCD cross sections into Monte Carlo models for hadron-hadron scattering is examined, and a simple, branching weight formalism which retains all the information of the 2→3 processes is presented. The connection of this prescription with the angle-ordered soft gluon results of Ellis, Marchesini and Webber is explored in detail. Possible unresolved questions for the procedure are also noted.
Patient satisfaction in a dental school.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to measure patients' satisfaction with the facility, services and treatment received at a dental school clinic. Method: The 31-item questionnaire consisted of demographic items and items in a 5-point Likert-type format addressing issues such as security, satisfaction with the facility, helpfulness of the staff, progress of treatment, fees, universal precautions taken, quality of care and treatment with dignity and compassion. The questionnaire also asked whether the patient would recommend the school to others seeking dental care. In 1997, patients completed the survey in the clinic waiting room prior to their dental appointment for that day. The survey was conducted over 3 months until 500 patients had participated, representing about 16% of the active patient population. %s of responses were computed and cross tabulations were used to compare responses based on demographics. Results: The most frequently reported reason for wanting to be a patient at the dental school was low cost (67%) followed by up-to-date care (19%). 45% of patients indicated that a friend, neighbour or relative referred them, followed by 34% indicating referral by a dentist. More than 90% responded positively to the items concerning issues related to treatment except for satisfaction with progress of treatment and comparison of care received at the school to care elsewhere. For these 2 items, at least 80% responded positively. 99% indicated they would recommend the dental school to others seeking dental care. Conclusion: Results indicate that the vast majority of the patients surveyed are satisfied with the facility, services and treatment received. Comments that addressed areas of concern included the length of time to get an appointment and the length of time the appointment took, and it was recommended that the process of treatment be expedited.
Alcohol research and the alcoholic beverage industry: issues, concerns and conflicts of interest.

Aims Using terms of justification such as ‘corporate social responsibility’ and ‘partnerships with the public health community’, the alcoholic beverage industry (mainly large producers, trade associations and ‘social aspects’ organizations) funds a variety of scientific activities that involve or overlap with the work of independent scientists. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the ethical, professional and scientific challenges that have emerged from industry involvement in alcohol science. Method Source material came from an extensive review of organizational websites, newspaper articles, journal papers, letters to the editor, editorials, books, book chapters and unpublished documents. Results Industry involvement in alcohol science was identified in seven areas: (i) sponsorship of research funding organizations; (ii) direct financing of university-based scientists and centers; (iii) studies conducted through contract research organizations; (iv) research conducted by trade organizations and social aspects/public relations organizations; (v) efforts to influence public perceptions of research, research findings and alcohol policies; (vi) publication of scientific documents and support of scientific journals; and (vii) sponsorship of scientific conferences and presentations at conferences. Conclusion While industry involvement in research activities is increasing, it constitutes currently a rather small direct investment in scientific research, one that is unlikely to contribute to alcohol science, lead to scientific breakthroughs or reduce the burden of alcohol-related illness. At best, the scientific activities funded by the alcoholic beverage industry provide financial support and small consulting fees for basic and behavioral scientists engaged in alcohol research; at worst, the industry's scientific activities confuse public discussion of health issues and policy options, raise questions about the objectivity of industry-supported alcohol scientists and provide industry with a convenient way to demonstrate ‘corporate responsibility’ in its attempts to avoid taxation and regulation.
Exploiting procedure level locality to reduce instruction cache misses

High instruction fetch bandwidth is essential for high performance in today's wide-issue out-of-order processors. Instruction caches must provide a low miss rate as well as low latency. We introduce procedure level relocation, a class of dynamic feedback-directed optimizations that substantially reduce the instruction cache miss rate by exploiting the temporal locality of procedure usage. Based on the observation that half of all procedures executed are at most 128 bytes in length, we present a small procedure cache, a small and fast explicitly managed memory for storing small procedures. We show that procedure level relocation into a small procedure cache reduces the instruction cache miss rate by an average of 15%.
Philosophical foundations for a learning-oriented knowledge management system for decision support

Traditional organizational and support structures no longer function efficiently in the face of increasingly complex problem domains because these structures are generally not conceived from the social perspective, requiring development of new organizational structures and support systems. These structures must be able to support traditional decision-making in an increasingly complicated social domain. This paper defines the concept of an inquiring organization and conceptualizes a learning-oriented knowledge management system (LOKMS) for that type of organization. The role of the learning-oriented knowledge management system for inquiring organizations, which includes decision-making and learning process support, is discussed.
Delusions of Parasitosis

Patients who believe themselves to be infected with external or internal parasites present a vexing problem for the infectious diseases practitioner. The patients suffer greatly, sometimes inflicting great harm on themselves, but have no treatable infectious disease. The history and characteristics of delusions of parasitosis are reviewed, as are potential modes of therapy.
Ovarian Follicle Apoptosis in Bovine Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice

Growth hormone directly or via insulin like-growth factor-I has been shown to inhibit preovulatory follicle apoptosis, which is the underlying mechanism of follicular atresia. We studied the levels of apoptosis in the ovaries of transgenic mice expressing bovine growth hormone. Female bovine growth hormone transgenic mice (n = 10) and nontransgenic litter mates (n = 8) were killed at early proestrus. Ovaries were collected, sectioned, and processed using a nonradioactive in situ method for apoptosis detection. Follicles were classified and counted on the basis of size and level of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of ovarian follicles containing apoptotic cells was lower in transgenic versus normal mice (30% vs. 46%; P < 0.05). The percentage of follicles undergoing heavy apoptosis was lower (P < 0.05) in transgenic versus control animals in preovulatory and early antral follicles, but it was not different in preantral follicles. The percentage of healthy preovulatory follicles was also higher in transgenic versus normal mice (7.4% vs. 4.3%; P < 0.05). These results indicate that growth hormone overexpression in transgenic mice significantly decreases follicle apoptosis, and thus atresia in the mouse ovary, therefore leading to increased propensity for ovulation in these animals.
Generalized Beam Matrices. III. Application to Diffraction Analysis

In analogy with Huygen’s wavelets a new method based on Gaussian beamlets is used to develop a conventional diffraction integral formalism for paraxial optical systems representable by complex 2 × 2 ABCD Gaussian beam matrices. This method, along with a new phase parameter transformation, is then used to produce a new diffraction integral for studying the propagation of light beams with arbitrary spatial profiles through much more general misaligned complex optical systems representable by 3 × 3 ABCDGH beam matrices.
Estradiol receptors in benign and malignant disease of the breast.

Abstract Estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma and other tissues was studied in the presence or absence of estrogen competitor by sucrose gradient centrifugation and a dextran-charcoal technique. Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in tumor was demonstrated to be localized at approximately the 8 S region of a 10–30% sucrose gradient. In the dextran-charcoal method, by employing a binding index (BI), which compared the ratio of specific estradiol receptor binding (ER) to total binding (both specific and non-specific), tumors from 53 patients were classified into three groups: those with high BI, low BI and negative ER. The BI corresponded well with the cytoplasmic ER content in these groups and provided an excellent measurement of the relative binding capacity. Approximately two-thirds of the malignant tumors had ER. Only three of the 17 benign tumors had any measurable ER. Normal tissues from breast, ovary, adrenal, and skin did not contain receptor. There was no relationship between tumor histopathology and ER content in the tumors. The value of this simple dextran-charcoal technique, BI values and ER content for routine clinical purposes in predicting patient response to endocrine ablation is discussed.
Perceived Problems in Campus Recreation Programs in North America

Major problems in campus recreation programs were investigated. The participants were 269 campus recreation directors in colleges and universities throughout North America. Participants were asked to indicate whether they agreed, disagreed, or had no opinion regarding statements presented to them on a survey that consisted of the following three general problem areas in campus recreation: (a) conflict, (b) equipment, and (c) miscellaneous. The campus recreation directors identified six specific major problems, at the highest rates, from the three general problem categories as follows: “equipment”—lack of storage areas (59%); “miscellaneous”—availability of parking (59%); availability of athletic training staff (56%); marketing and promotional efforts (50%); “conflict”—turf wars (49%); and conflict with athletic department personnel (46%). Campus recreation directors should, first and foremost, address the above major problem areas, in order to effectively manage their programs.
Boundaries and Wounds, Glia and Glycoconjugates

During brain development, transient partitions of glia and glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans) surround forming functional units (e.g., nuclear divisions, whisker-related barrels, and neostriatal striosomes). These partitions, which we think of as boundaries, consist of dense aggregates of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive radial glia, young astrocytes and their processes, and developmentally regulated glycoconjugates (e.g., J1/tenascin and the 473 proteoglycan) that can be thought of as recognition molecules present on membranes or perhaps within the extracellular matrix. When functional patterns have formed and appear to be stabilized, these boundaries are no longer detectable. Lesions of the developing brain show the existence of a more global astrocytic distribution suggestive of biochemically distinct subsets of astrocytes that reside within boundary versus nonboundary positions. Lesions of the adult brain, in addition to showing gliosis, reveal a reexpression of some of the same macromolecules present in transient brain boundaries during development. It is postulated that developmental boundaries and wounds in the adult brain possess some of the same inhibitory and possibly alluring molecular substrates for neuritic expansion.
Immediate early response of the circadian polyA ribonuclease nocturnin to two extracellular stimuli

Nocturnin (Noc, also called Ccrn4l [carbon catabolite repression 4-like]) is a circadian deadenylase that is rhythmically expressed in multiple tissues in mice with peak mRNA levels in early night. Since several other circadian genes are induced by extracellular stimuli, we tested the hypothesis that Noc is acutely regulated in NIH3T3 cells. A serum shock and the phorbol ester TPA induced Noc transcript levels in quiescent NIH3T3 cultures while dexamethasone and forskolin, which are known to induce other clock genes in culture, were without effect. NOC protein levels also were induced by serum. The half-life of the TPA-induced Noc mRNA is short, and the inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide prevents Noc mRNA degradation and revealed a 30-fold increase in the transcript levels after 4 h of TPA treatment. Since this acute induction is not dependent on protein synthesis, Noc behaves like other immediate early genes. Remarkably, these acute effects are specific to Noc as the mRNAs encoding other known mouse deadenylases, CCR4, CAF1, PAN2, and PARN, were not induced in the same paradigm. Our data show that in addition to its robust circadian regulation, Noc expression can be regulated acutely, and imply that it can respond directly and specifically to physiological cues. NOC may act in turning off the expression of genes that are required to be silenced as a response to these extracellular signals.
Changes in Ventricular Repolarization Duration During Typical Daily Emotion in Patients With Long Qt Syndrome

OBJECTIVE Intense emotions are known triggers of sudden cardiac death. However, the effect of typical daily emotion on repolarization has not been examined. We examined whether QT interval changes as a function of typical daily emotion in patients at risk for cardiac events in the context of emotion. METHODS We studied 161 patients (n = 114 females; mean age, 35 years) with the congenital form of the Long QT Syndrome during daily activities. Each day for 3 days, a 12-hour Holter recording was completed. Patients were paged ten times per day at random times and rated the intensity of 16 prespecified emotions during the preceding 5 minutes. Measurements of QT interval and interbeat intervals were synchronized with emotion ratings. RESULTS Low Arousal Positive Affect was associated with significant increases in QT interval corrected for heart rate (using Fridericia's QTc) (p < .001), whereas higher arousal Activated Positive Affect (p < .001) and Activated Negative Affect (p < .01) were associated with significant decreases in QTc. Changes in QTc as a function of daily emotion ranged from 5-ms increases to 11-ms decreases. High-frequency heart rate variability (vagal tone) was positively correlated with QTc (p < .001). The effects of each positive emotion variable on QTc were greater in LQT2 than LQT1 patients (p < .001). CONCLUSION Ventricular repolarization duration (QTc) changes dynamically as a function of daily emotion. These changes are relatively small and do not constitute a risk in themselves. In the context of other risk factors, however, they may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias in vulnerable populations.
Temperature dependent iodide oxidation by MLCT excited states

The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of two related heteroleptic Ru(II) compounds [Ru(bpy)2(deeb)]2+ and [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)]2+, where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, deeb is 4,4′-(CO2CH2CH3)2-2,2′-bipyridine and deebq is 4,4′-(CO2CH2CH3)2-2,2′-biquinoline, were characterized in fluid acetonitrile by temperature dependent photoluminescence spectroscopies as well as quenching by iodide ions. Photoluminescence emanates from a manifold of thermally equilibrated excited states referred to as the thexi states. Evidence for activated internal conversion to a 4th MLCT excited state was garnered from an Arrhenius analysis of temperature dependent lifetime data. The activation energy was found to be 550 cm−1 for [Ru(bpy)2(deeb)]2+* and 1200 cm−1 for [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)]2+*. The pre-exponential factor abstracted from the Arrhenius analysis of the [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)]2+* data suggested that ligand field excited states might be populated, however there was no evidence for ligand loss photochemistry under the conditions studied. The excited states were found to quench iodide by a dynamic process in good agreement with the Stern–Volmer model. Transient absorption data showed that the quenching mechanism was electron transfer to generate an iodine atom and a reduced ruthenium compound as products. The quenching rate constants abstracted from temperature dependent Stern–Volmer quenching data were corrected for diffusion and activated complex formation to yield electron transfer rate constants that were found to increase markedly with temperature. An Arrhenius analysis of the electron transfer data revealed that electron transfer from iodide to the d-orbitals of the excited state was an activated process with an Ea of 2400 cm−1 for [Ru(bpy)2(deeb)]2+ and 3300 cm−1 for [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)]2+.
Importance of changing CO2, temperature, precipitation, and ozone on carbon and water cycles of an upland‐oak forest: incorporating experimental results into model simulations

Observed responses of upland-oak vegetation of the eastern deciduous hardwood forest to changing CO2, temperature, precipitation and tropospheric ozone (O3) were derived from field studies and interpreted with a stand-level model for an 11-year range of environmental variation upon which scenarios of future environmental change were imposed. Scenarios for the year 2100 included elevated [CO2] and [O3] (+385 ppm and +20 ppb, respectively), warming (+4°C), and increased winter precipitation (+20% November–March). Simulations were run with and without adjustments for experimentally observed physiological and biomass adjustments. Initial simplistic model runs for single-factor changes in CO2 and temperature predicted substantial increases (+191% or 508 g C m−2 yr−1) or decreases (−206% or −549 g C m−2 yr−1), respectively, in mean annual net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEEa≈266±23 g C m−2 yr−1 from 1993 to 2003). Conversely, single-factor changes in precipitation or O3 had comparatively small effects on NEEa (0% and −35%, respectively). The combined influence of all four environmental changes yielded a 29% reduction in mean annual NEEa. These results suggested that future CO2-induced enhancements of gross photosynthesis would be largely offset by temperature-induced increases in respiration, exacerbation of water deficits, and O3-induced reductions in photosynthesis. However, when experimentally observed physiological adjustments were included in the simulations (e.g. acclimation of leaf respiration to warming), the combined influence of the year 2100 scenario resulted in a 20% increase in NEEa not a decrease. Consistent with the annual model's predictions, simulations with a forest succession model run for gradually changing conditions from 2000 to 2100 indicated an 11% increase in stand wood biomass in the future compared with current conditions. These model-based analyses identify critical areas of uncertainty for multivariate predictions of future ecosystem response, and underscore the importance of long term field experiments for the evaluation of acclimation and growth under complex environmental scenarios.
Use dependent plasticity in the corticospinal pathways controlling human arm movement

We are investigating whether repetitive training, such as that used during rehabilitation interventions, can induce short term plasticity in the motor pathways controlling the proximal muscles of the human upper-limb. A ballistic, planar whole limb extension training routine has been employed in this study. This study uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to quantify user-dependent plasticity in proximal and distal muscles throughout the upper-limb. Previous studies have shown consistent training induced plasticity in distal upper-limb muscles and proximal muscles with altered somatosensory input. This study demonstrates that whole limb motions can generate short term plastic effects in proximal upper-limb muscles, though results have not been consistent.
Scalable architectures with k-ary n-cube cluster-c organization

Recent advancements in VLSI and packaging technologies demonstrate attractiveness in building scalable parallel systems using clustered configurations while exploiting communication locality. Clustered architectures using buses or MINs as the inter-cluster interconnection do not satisfy both the above objectives. This paper proposes a new class of k-ary n-cube cluster-c scalable architectures by combining the scalability of k-ary n-cube wormhole-routed networks with the cost-effectiveness of processor cluster designs. This paper focuses on direct cluster interconnection. The interplay between various system parameters and routing schemes are analyzed to determine optimal configurations under the constant bisection bandwidth constraint. Our analysis indicates that small sized clusters with a ring intra-cluster topology and a 2D/3D/4D inter-cluster network connecting these clusters offer best system performance. >
Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Background and Purpose— The association between short-term elevations in ambient air particles and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well documented. Ambient particles may similarly increase the risk of stroke. Methods— We evaluated the association between daily levels of respirable particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, PM10) and hospital admission for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among Medicare recipients (age ≥65 years) in 9 US cities using a 2-stage hierarchical model. In the first stage, we applied the time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate the effect of PM10 in each city. We used a 3-day unconstrained, distributed lag model to simultaneously estimate the effect of PM10 0 to 2 days before the admission day and controlled for meteorological covariates in all of the models. In the second stage, we used random-effects metaanalytic techniques to combine the city-specific effect estimates. Results— Ischemic (n=155 503) and hemorrhagic (19 314) stroke admissions we...
A fractionation method to identify qauntitative changes in protein expression mediated by IGF-1 on the proteome of murine C2C12 myoblasts

Although much is known about signal transduction downstream of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relatively little is known about the global changes in protein expression induced by this hormone. In this study, the acute effects of IGF-1 on the proteome of murine C2C12 cells were examined. Cells were treated with IGF-1 for up to 24 hours, lysed, and fractionated into cytosolic, nuclear, and insoluble portions. Proteins from the cytosolic fraction were further separated using a new batch ion-exchange chromatography method to reduce sample complexity, followed by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and identification of selected proteins by mass spectrometry. PDQuest software was utilized to identify and catalogue temporal changes in protein expression during IGF-1 stimulation. In response to IGF-1 stimulation, expression of 23 proteins increased at least three-fold and expression of 17 proteins decreased at least three-fold compared with control un-stimulated C2C12 cells. Changes in expression of selected proteins from each group, including Rho-GDI, cofillin, RAD50, enolase, IκB kinase b (IκBKb) and Hsp70 were confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, the position of 136 'landmark' proteins whose expression levels and physicochemical properties did not change appreciably or consistently during IGF-1 treatment were mapped and identified. This characterization of large-scale changes in protein expression in response to growth factor stimulation of C2C12 cells will further help to establish a comprehensive understanding of the networks and pathways involved in the action of IGF-1.
Parental identification and educational dissatisfaction in troubled college students.

Summary The hypothesis was tested that the greater development of career interests associated with a masculine-parent identification would contribute to the educational problems of the troubled liberal arts college student. This was ased upon the anticipated frustrative effects of low career relevance of liberal arts curricula upon students with clearer career interests. Eighty liberal arts students (45 males and 35 females), clients at a college counseling agency, were subdivided into groups based upon primary parental identification (father versus mother) and masculinity-femininity of the identification model. Masculine-identified males (but not females) more frequently demonstrated less satisfaction with their majors relative to their feminineidentified counterparts when subjective ratings of certainty, relevance, and general satisfaction were considered. A higher incidence of choice problems (no chosen major or one or more changes of major) was found for masculineparent identified Ss of both sexes.
The Third-Order Adams-Bashforth Method: An Attractive Alternative to Leapfrog Time Differencing

Abstract The third-order Adams–Bashforth method is compared with the leapfrog scheme. Like the leapfrog scheme, the third-order Adams–Bashforth method is an explicit technique that requires just one function evaluation per time step. Yet the third-order Adams–Bashforth method is not subject to time splitting instability and it is more accurate than the leapfrog scheme. In particular, the O[(Δt)4] amplitude error of the third-order Adams–Bashforth method can be a marked improvement over the O[(Δt)2] amplitude error generated by the Asselin-filtered leapfrog scheme—even when the filter factor is very small. The O[(Δt)4] phase-speed errors associated with third-order Adams–Bashforth time differencing can also be significantly less than the O[(Δt)2] errors produced by the leapfrog method. The third-order Adams–Bashforth method does use more storage than the leapfrog method, but its storage requirements are not particularly burdensome. Several numerical examples are provided illustrating the superiority of thi...
Autonomic Innervation of Head and Neck

Innervation to the tissues of the head and neck is provided almost exclusively by 12 pairs of cranial nerves. As you are well aware by now, cranial nerves are an integral part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which transmits signals to and from the central nervous system (CNS). Some of the cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous svstem (ANS); others contain fibers that supplv branchiomeric muscle.
Carelessness and goal orientation in a science microworld

In this paper, we study the relationship between goal orientation within a science inquiry learning environment for middle school students and carelessness, i.e., not demonstrating an inquiry skill despite knowing it. Carelessness is measured based on a machine-learned model. We find, surprisingly, that carelessness is higher for students with strong mastery or learning goals, compared to students who lack strong goal orientation.
Sequential Brain and Bone Imaging with 99m Tc-Diphosphonate

Both brain and bone imaging are often required in evaluating patients with suspected metastatic disease. This usually necessitates a delay of one to two days between the studies since 99mTc is routinely used in both procedures. This article describes a possible method of eliminating this time delay by utilizing 99mTc-diphosphonate as a sequential brain- and bone-imaging radiopharmaceutical. The results indicate that detection of intracranial lesions with 99mTc-diphosphonate compares favorably with pertechnetate cerebral imaging in the studies presented and it may be a suitable agent for sequential brain and bone imaging.
Improved Immunoperoxidase Staining Using Microwave Slide Drying

For paraffin sections to be stained by the immunoperoxidase method, we compared the conventional slide drying technique with a microwave technique. The conventional technique consists of drying the slides for 1 hour in a 58°C oven. The microwave technique consists of drying the slides for 1 minute in a General Electric Spacemaker II microwave oven. In addition to time savings, antigen staining was enhanced by the microwave drying in the majority of antibodies tested.
In Situ Ru K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Methanol Oxidation Mechanisms on Model Submonolayer Ru on Pt Nanoparticle Electrocatalyst

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with electrochemical reaction control has enabled a detailed investigation of the mechanism of the methanol electrooxidation by a bimetallic PtRu catalyst. By the use of an original electrodeposition technique, ca. 0.3 monolayer of Ru was deposited on the surface of unsupported Pt nanoparticles (Ru@Pt). The presence of Ru atoms only at the surface of nanoparticles turns a bulk sensitive XAS technique into a surface methodology which permits correlation of the X-ray absorption fine structure at the Ru K-edge to the role of Ru atoms in the methanol oxidation process. In situ XAS spectra of the Ru@Pt nanoparticles were collected at various electrode potentials in background electrolyte, and then in 1 M solution of methanol (CH3OH) in the same electrolyte. Significant differences in the catalyst state have been revealed between these two environments. In the background electrolyte, Ru gradually oxidizes from mostly metallic to a Ru(III)/Ru(IV) mixture at the highest...
The boron-neutron capture agent β-D-5-o-carboranyl-2' -deoxyuridine accumulates preferentially in dividing brain tumor cells

Boron–neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the preferential targeting of tumor cells with 10B and subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons to produce a highly localized field of lethal α particles, while sparing neighboring non-targeted cells. BNCT treatment of 9L brain tumors in a rat model using β-d-5-o-carboranyl-2′-deoxyuridine (d-CDU) resulted in greater efficacy than predicted based on the assumption of a uniform tumor distribution of 10B. Thus, the geometric heterogeneity of dividing cells in brain tumors warranted studies on the cell cycle dependency of d-CDU accumulation, metabolism and entrapment in a relevant brain tumor cell system. U-271 human glioma cells were synchronized in G1 or S-phases of the cell cycle. The cellular accumulation and phosphorylation of d-CDU was measured in the G1 and S-phase cells using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cells synchronized in the S-phase accumulated significantly higher amounts of d-CDU and produced larger amounts of negatively charged d-CDU monophosphate (d-CDU-MP) and nido-CDU metabolites than resting cells. Since brain tumors contain a larger proportion of cycling cells than neighboring tissue, these results support the hypothesis that in addition to breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) in tumors, the preferential phosphorylation of d-CDU in cycling cells may further enrich the distribution of 10B in dividing cells. Therefore, dosimetry calculations that include the spatial distribution of cycling cells may be warranted for d-CDU.
When to call the cardiologist: treatment approaches to neonatal heart murmur.

Moderate and severe forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) occur in about 6 per 1,000 live births. If tiny muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) and bicuspid aortic valve as well as other lesions of a less serious nature are included, it is estimated that the true incidence of congenital heart disease might be as high as 75 per 1,000 live births.1 CHD is a leading cause of infant mortality in United States.2 Early detection and prompt intervention is critical in reducing infant mortality associated with CHD. Careful clinical examination is extremely important and is always the first step in ruling out CHD. It is not infrequent to find a heart murmur while examining a baby in the newborn nursery. The clinician is then faced with a deciWhen to Call the Cardiologist: Treatment Approaches to Neonatal Heart Murmur
The Effect of Informational Characteristics and Faculty Knowledge and Beliefs on the Use of Assessment

Increasing the use of learning outcome assessments to inform educational decisions is a major challenge in higher education. For this study we used a sense-making theoretical perspective to guide an analysis of the relationship of information characteristics and faculty assessment knowledge and beliefs with the use of general education assessment information at three research institutions with similar organizational contexts. Study findings indicate that the likelihood of using assessment information increases when assessment evidence is action oriented and viewed as of high quality and when faculty members are knowledgeable, have positive dispositions toward assessment, and have a perception of institutional support for engagement in assessment activities.
Xe/CT cerebral blood flow evaluation of delayed symptomatic cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage

PURPOSE We examined the xenon/CT method of measuring cerebral blood flow in assessing the location, pattern of onset, and severity of delayed cerebral ischemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with delayed neurologic deficits due to ischemia were selected from a group of 66 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. All blood flow studies were performed within 12 hours of deterioration and at regular intervals during medical management. RESULTS In 10 of the 14 patients, noncontrast CT did not identify a cause for deterioration, whereas the blood flow study revealed diminished flow values. Location of blood flow reduction was variable. In five of the 14 patients, blood flow reduction was closely related anatomically to the vessel of aneurysm origin. In another three, blood flow reduction was anatomically remote to the vessel of origin. The remaining six experienced local and remote cerebral blood flow reduction. Six of 14 patients suffered sudden, devastating deterioration, refractory to therapy and associated with blood flow of 15 cc/100 g.min or less, resulting in local or widespread infarction. The remaining eight had less severe blood flow reduction and did not infarct those territories. CONCLUSIONS Vasospasm can affect remote vessels as severely as local vessels and can affect remote vessels alone. Diminished cerebral blood flow correlated closely with clinical vasospasm in this group of patients. Xenon/CT cerebral blood flow studies can identify tissue at risk of infarction when CT is normal.