cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mechanical and molecular measures of mobility during constant strain rate deformation of a PMMA glass

We performed constant strain rate deformation and stress relaxation on a poly(methyl methacrylate) glass at Tg – 19 K, utilizing three strain rates and initiating the stress relaxation over a large range of strain values. Following previous workers, we interpret the initial rate of decay of the stress during the relaxation experiment as a purely mechanical measure of mobility for the system. In our experiments, the mechanical mobility obtained in this manner changes by less than a factor of 3 prior to yield. During these mechanical experiments, we also performed an optical measurement of segmental mobility based on the reorientation of a molecular probe; we observe that the probe mobility increases up to a factor of 100 prior to yield. In the post-yield regime, in contrast, the mobilities determined mechanically and by probe reorientation are quite similar and show a similar dependence on the strain rate. Dynamic heterogeneity is found to initially decrease during constant strain rate deformation and then remain constant in the post-yield regime. These combined observations of mechanical mobility, probe mobility, and dynamic heterogeneity present a challenge for theoretical modeling of polymer glass deformation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1957–1967
Stimulation of human sperm motility by relaxin.

Relaxin has recently been identified in human seminal plasma (SP). This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of relaxin on sperm motility. Washed ejaculated human sperm were incubated with or without porcine relaxin. In a series of 37 normal specimens (motility ≥ 60%) relaxin attenuated the decline in grade of forward progression and percentage of motile sperm. Relaxin had a similar effect on a series of 47 subfertile specimens (motility 30% to 40%). Endogenous relaxin may play a role in delaying declines of motility and grade of forward progress in ejaculated sperm.
Prediction and predictability of land and atmosphere initialized CCSM4 climate forecasts over North America

Subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction is influenced by slowly varying surface fields such as sea surface temperature (SST) and soil moisture. Fully coupled hindcasts were recently completed in the Community Climate System Model version 4.0 (CCSM4) as part of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble project. Using similar land and atmosphere initialization strategies, but with prescribed climatological SSTs, we attempt to determine the isolated impact of combined observed atmosphere and land initialization and of observed atmosphere initialization on monthly precipitation and 2 m temperature prediction-estimated skill (i.e., skill assessed without SST variability) and predictability on monthly time scales. CCSM4 has been cited as having low land-atmosphere coupling, and while combined land and atmosphere initialization significantly increases the estimated skill of precipitation and temperature in the first month after initialization (lead 0), land initialization influence is weak, consistent with low land-atmosphere coupling in CCSM4. In contrast, atmosphere initialization is a stronger contributor to prediction skill and predictability. We find stronger influence of land and atmosphere initialization on precipitation in CCSM4 versus results from CCSM3. Predictability results show that there is potential skill to be gained for both precipitation and temperature should model errors, atmosphere or land initial state errors, and/or land-atmosphere coupling improve.
The Initiation of Chronic Opioids: A Survey of Chronic Pain Patients.

Abstract This study reports the results of a researcher-administered survey with 115 patients receiving chronic opioid therapy (>90 days) to obtain information regarding how chronic opioid therapy was started. Chronic opioids were started after surgery (27.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.5–35.5) or for the treatment of acute injury-related pain (27.0%, 95% CI, 18.5–35.5). Many who initiated opioid therapy after surgery reported postoperative complications (61.3%, 95% CI, 50.8–71.8) and many with injury-related pain reported follow-up corrective surgery (58.1%, 95% CI, 47.5–68.7), which led to the continuation of opioids. A large percentage of patients had concurrent depression (43.5%, 95% CI, 34.0–53.0) and anxiety (23.5%, 95% CI, 15.3–31.7). Many participants had a medical history of aberrant drug-related behavior (32.5%, 95% CI, 23.5–41.5) and self-reported history of addiction (21.7%, 95% CI, 13.7–29.7). Almost one-quarter reported taking opioids for a different indication than that for which opioids were started (95% CI, 26.6–45.0). Patients receiving long-term opioid therapy often transitioned to chronic use after starting opioids for the short-term treatment of postoperative or injury-related pain. It is not evident if a clear decision to continue opioids on a chronic basis was made. This survey provides insight as to how chronic opioid therapy is started, and may suggest opportunities for improved patient selection for opioid therapy. Perspective This article explores the reasons why patients using chronic opioid therapy (>90 days) initiated opioid medications. The results of this study may help clinicians better select patients for chronic opioid therapy.
Circadian Rhythms: The Price of Electric Light

A new study demonstrates that modern electric lighting has caused the near-24-hour biological clock to be set to a later time and that humans physiologically respond to seasonal changes in day length under conditions of natural light exposure.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Crizotinib in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Independent Review of Four PROFILE Trials.

Abstract Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare, but potentially serious, side effect associated with crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive ( ALK + ) advanced non–small cell lung cancer. Our objective was to determine the incidence and nature of ILD associated with crizotinib in 4 PROFILE trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00585195, NCT00932451, NCT00932893, and NCT01154140). Materials and Methods Grade ≥ 3 respiratory adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) and any grade AEs/SAEs reported as pneumonitis, ILD, or radiation pneumonitis in trials PROFILE 1001, PROFILE 1005, PROFILE 1007, and PROFILE 1014 were evaluated by an expert independent review committee that included a pulmonologist, medical oncologist, and radiologist. Events were designated as disease progression, de novo ILD possibly or probably related to crizotinib, exacerbation or recurrence of pre-existing ILD, concurrent illness, other toxicity not thought to be related to ILD, or inconclusive. Results The independent review committee evaluated 446 events (in 368 of 1669 patients who had received crizotinib therapy). They classified these events as follows: progressive disease, 77; de novo ILD, 20; pre-existing ILD, 3; concurrent illness, 9; other toxicities, 310; and inconclusive, 27. The incidence of de novo ILD was 1.2% overall, 1.3% in whites, and 1.2% overall in Asians, but greater at 3.7% in Japanese patients. The median onset of ILD from the initiation of crizotinib therapy was 23 days (range, 3-763 days). The mortality rate due to ILD was 50%. Survival was improved if crizotinib was discontinued on presentation of ILD (9 of 14 patients) compared with discontinued later or continued (1 of 6 patients). Conclusion ILD associated with crizotinib, although rare, can occur at any time and requires close monitoring.
Kidney Cell–Adapted Infectious Bronchitis ArkDPI Vaccine is Stable and Protective

SUMMARY We previously demonstrated that adaptation of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva Poultry Industry (DPI)–derived vaccine to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells (CEKp7) shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in spike (S) and nonstructural protein genes. Moreover, the typical Ark vaccine subpopulations emerging in chickens vaccinated with commercial Ark vaccines were not detected in chickens vaccinated with CEKp7, indicating that kidney-cell adaptation drastically increased the stability of the vaccine virus population in chickens. In the current study both conventional and next-generation sequencing results show that the changes achieved during CEK adaptation remained after five back passages in embryonated chicken egg (ECE). In a first protection study 1-day-old chickens were vaccinated with 104.0 or 105.0 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50)/chicken of the second ECE back passage of CEKp7 (CEKp7e2) and demonstrated protection against Ark virulent ...
Design and Characterization of a Quasi-Passive Pneumatic Foot-Ankle Prosthesis

The majority of commercially available passive prosthetic feet are not capable of providing joint mechanics that match that of the intact human ankle. Due to their cantilever design, their stiffness characteristics contrast with what has been observed in the biological ankle, namely, an increase in stiffness during the stance phase of walking. In this paper, we introduce the design and control of a pneumatic foot-ankle prosthesis that attempts to provide biomimetic mechanics. The prosthesis is comprised of a pneumatic cylinder in series with a fiberglass leaf spring, and a solenoid valve to control the flow of air between the two sides of the cylinder. The solenoid valve acts as a mechanical clutch, enabling resetting of the ankle’s equilibrium position. By adjusting the pressure inside the cylinder, the prosthesis can be customized to provide a range of ankle mechanics. A mechanical testing machine is used to compare the torque-angle curve of the pneumatic prosthesis with a low-profile passive prosthetic foot. Finally, data are presented of one transtibial amputee walking with the prosthesis at 1.2 m/s. The testing shows that the pneumatic prosthesis is capable of providing an appropriate range of motion as well a maximum torque of 94 Nm, while returning approximately 11.5 J of energy.
Ethnic differences in response to directive vs. non-directive brief intervention for subsyndromal depression.

AbstractObjective: Analog research suggests that directive interventions might increase treatment engagement for non-symptomatic Asian American (AA) students; however, no studies have assessed whether directiveness improves therapy processes or clinical outcomes for AAs with mental health symptoms. This study tested the comparative efficacy of brief directive vs. non-directive intervention for AAs and European Americans (EAs) with subsyndromal depression. Method: Participants were randomly assigned directive, non-directive, or cultural values interview conditions, and assessed three times over six months. Directive and non-directive treatment involved meeting with a therapist for a single, 20-minute session to receive psychoeducation and personalized feedback on depressive symptoms and coping strategies. Cultural values participants also met with a therapist. Results: Although results were mixed for the overall sample, directive treatment was generally superior to non-directive treatment and cultural valu...
Abstract 11: Acquisition of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Activation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are critical for effective repair in response to pathologic injury. Stem cell activation and commitment involve increased energy demand and mitochondrial biogenesis. We have previously shown that incubation of c-kit+ CPCs in differentiation medium led to expansion of the mitochondrial network and lineage commitment. CPC function is reduced with age but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA) which accumulates mutations over time that can impair mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated the effects of acquiring mtDNA mutations on CPC proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We utilized a mouse model in which a mutation in the mtDNA polymerase gamma (POLGm/m) leads to accumulation of mtDNA mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accelerated aging. Isolated CPCs from hearts of 2-month old POLGm/m mice had reduced proliferation and were more susceptible to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents compared to WT CPCs. Incubation in differentiation medium resulted in fewer lineage committed POLGm/m CPCs compared to WT. In addition, the POLGm/m CPCs failed to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and did not increase levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We measured mitochondrial respiration with the Seahorse XF Analyzer and found that POLGm/m CPCs had undetectable oxygen consumption but still generated similar amounts of ATP as WT CPCs. Interestingly, POLGm/m CPCs produced increased amounts of l-lactate and were more sensitive to 2-deoxyglucose treatment, suggesting that these cells rely on glycolysis for energy production. Both WT and POLGm/m CPCs downregulated expression of glycolytic enzymes during differentiation. However, POLGm/m CPCs failed to undergo the metabolic transition from glycolysis to OXPHOS, which led to activation of cell death during differentiation. These data demonstrate that mitochondria play a critical role in CPC function, and accumulation of mtDNA mutations impairs CPC function and reduces their repair potential.
In Vivo Assessment of Ovarian Tumor Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pazopanib by Using Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate MR Spectroscopy and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in a Mouse Model.

Findings suggest that 13C-pyruvate–to-lactate conversion can serve as an early indicator of response to multityrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in an ovarian cancer model; findings also suggest that evaluation of late events in glycolysis, such as by hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MR spectroscopy, may be predictive of response even when imaging of early events, such as by 18F-FDG PET, is not predictive.
Giant vacuoles are found preferentially near collector channels.

PURPOSE To determine whether giant vacuoles form preferentially near collector channels or over regions of optically empty space within the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT). METHODS To assess the relationship between giant vacuoles and collector channels, six eyes were perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 20 mm Hg and then fixed by perfusion. Serial sections were cut in the frontal plane and light microscopy used to count the number of giant vacuoles per length of Schlemm's canal. The number of giant vacuoles between two adjacent collector channels was determined. To assess the relationship between giant vacuoles and the ultrastructure of the JCT, an additional seven eyes were perfused with PBS at 10 mm Hg, fixed by perfusion, and examined by transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural components of the JCT were quantitated with an image analysis system. RESULTS Twice as many giant vacuoles were present in regions underlying collector channels as in regions between channels (giant vacuoles per histologic section: 14.0 +/- 1.7 versus 7.3 +/- 0.8, P: = 0.01). Giant vacuoles occurred on both the inner and outer walls of the canal but were more numerous on the inner wall (9.1 +/- 1.0 versus 2.6 +/- 0.4, P: < 0.001). No significant increase in optically empty space was found in the JCT regions underlying giant vacuoles compared with regions with no vacuoles (50.7% +/- 2.3% versus 47.3% +/- 2.5%, P: = 0.09). Examination of the amount of optically empty space immediately adjacent (within 1 microm) to the inner wall endothelial cells of the canal did not reveal a significant difference between regions under vacuoles and regions without giant vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS Giant vacuoles are found preferentially near collector channels, indicating that aqueous flow across the inner wall is sensitive to downstream pressure. The variability in giant vacuole distribution noted in previous studies is in part due to the distance of the vacuoles from the collector channels. No distinct findings in the JCT were associated with the presence of giant vacuoles.
Light-Enhanced Microbial Organic Carbon Yield

Molecular evidence for proteorhodopsin- and bacteriochlorophyll-based photoheterotrophy is widespread in oligotrophic marine microbial community metagenomes, and has been implicated in light-enhanced growth rates, substrate uptake rates, and anapleurotic carbon fixation, thus complicating the web of interactions within the 'microbial loop.' We quantified photoheterotrophic metabolism of the oxidized organic acid glycolate, a fast-turnover and exclusively phytoplankton-derived substrate at an oligotrophic site in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. As expected, concentration-dependent changes in uptake rates were observed over the diel cycle, with maxima occurring at midday. Although no light-enhanced substrate uptake rates were observed, samples exposed to light altered the balance between assimilation and respiration, resulting in an approximately four-fold increase in glycolate-specific assimilation efficiency. Energy demand for such a metabolic adjustment was linearly related to light, consistent with photoheterotrophy.
Republic of South Africa: An Overview

South Africa is a unique country due to its long history of combating apartheid and establishing social justice. It is also plagued by deeply rooted corruption that is ingrained in the politics of the state. Since the end of apartheid in the 1990s, numerous think tanks have established themselves in the country. This chapter aims to offer a case study of one think tank, the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA). While South Africa’s foreign affairs have historically only dealt with the African continent, they have had a more global outlook in recent years. It is vital to recognize the specific context in which think tanks in developing countries function and the complex challenges they face.
Regeneration in Hemichordates and Echinoderms

Hemichordates are closely related to echinoderms, which are remarkable for their powers of regeneration. Among hemichordates, some enteropneust worms show dramatic regeneration, though this process has not been as well studied as in echinoderms. Unlike echinoderms, which are pentameral in adult form, hemichordates exhibit bilateral symmetry throughout the life cycle. Adult body regeneration in hemichordates may therefore show similar molecular patterning to chordate regeneration. In this chapter, we review the original literature about regeneration in hemichordates. We present our results from Glossobalanus berkeleyi and Ptychodera flava, the latter of which reliably regenerates anterior structures in the laboratory. When P. flava is bisected, the wound at the anterior end of the posterior half heals, followed by outgrowth of a blastema that becomes the new proboscis. After the proboscis develops, the mouth opens, the collar folds up, and gill slits are formed by tissue remodeling in the posterior worm fragment. Renewed interest in hemichordate regeneration, combined with the fact that it can be elicited in the lab, sets the stage for using molecular markers for stem cells and differentiated tissue in order to characterize the cellular and molecular events occurring during hemichordate regeneration. Hemichordate data presented here suggests that the ability to regenerate using stem cells may be common in ambulacrarian deuterostomes, the sister group to chordates. Understanding the molecular basis of regeneration in hemichordates may lead the way to methods for stimulating regeneration in vertebrates, including in humans for therapeutic purposes.
EVALUATION OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SACCADES USING THE DEVELOPMENTAL EYE MOVEMENT TEST COMPARED TO THE KING-DEVICK TEST.

Background Oculomotor function is impaired when an individual has a concussion and as such, it is important to identify tests that are able to assess oculomotor impairment. The King-Devick (K-D) test assesses horizontal saccadic eye movement and attention. The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test is designed to identify oculomotor dysfunction in children. It measures both horizontal and vertical saccades. The K-D test shows promise as a concussion-screening tool and part of a multifactorial assessment. The DEM has not been tested as a concussion assessment tool, but the neuroanatomical control of horizontal and vertical saccades originates from different areas of the brain, so one might expect to see differences in performance on the K-D and DEM tests when administered to concussed patients. First, it is important to determine if performance on the DEM and K-D tests, particularly with respect to the measurement of vertical and horizontal saccades, is similar in a healthy population.Hypothesis/Purpose: The primary purpose was to evaluate the relationship between horizontal and vertical saccade tests over repeated trials in normal, healthy subjects. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine the number of trials needed to reach a performance plateau for both the DEM and K-D tests.Study Design: This study used a prospective cohort research design. Methods Forty-two healthy non-concussed participants (22 males, 20 females; mean age, 24.2 ± 2.92 years) completed six repeated trials of both the DEM, and then six trials of the K-D test in a single testing session. Trials within each test were performed in random order and participants were offered short rest breaks as needed between test administrations. Results Results indicated strong correlations, r=.67, or greater, between measurements of horizontal and vertical saccades. Performance plateaued on the K-D at trial three and on the DEM at trial two for both horizontal and vertical saccades. Conclusion It appears that the DEM and K-D tests measure similar constructs in healthy individuals and that no additional information is provided by assessment of vertical saccades. Additional studies are required to investigate the usefulness of the DEM in concussed individuals. Level of evidence 3: Laboratory study with repeated measures.
Tissue distribution and tumor concentrations of hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine analogs in mice

ABSTRACT Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline molecule used for the treatment of malaria, and more recently to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer. In cancer, HCQ is being used in multiple cancer clinical trials as an inhibitor of autophagy, a cytosolic degradation process employing the lysosome. Importantly, more potent lysosomotropic agents are being developed as autophagy inhibitors. Additional studies revealed that acridine-based compounds such as quinacrine (QN) increased potency over the 4-aminoquinoline HCQ. In line with these initial discoveries, we performed chemical synthesis of acridine-based compounds and screened for potent autophagy inhibition. The novel compound VATG-027 increased potency and cytotoxicity over HCQ in osteosarcoma and melanoma cell lines, supporting further investigation in vivo. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to investigate HCQ, QN, and VATG-027 compound concentrations across various tissue types in mice. This method detected compound concentrations in whole blood, lung, liver, kidney, and subcutaneous tumor tissues. Concentrations of HCQ, QN, and VATG-027 varied within and between tissue types, suggesting unique tissue distribution profiles for 4-aminoquinoline and acridine compounds.
Foreign Experts Foreign Languages Teaching Pattern Optimization Management under Current Chinese Educational Context

Foreign experts who teach foreign languages in P.R. China, due to their group special characteristics, adopt and implement foreign languages teaching in their special own ways. Under current Chinese educational context, investigation and analysis on their special teaching patterns need to be conducted. Based on this, a realistic, practical and productive foreign experts foreign languages teaching pattern optimization plan is proposed combined with Chinese educational circumstances. The plan takes Northern International College of Shandong Jiaotong University as an example. English, Japanese and Russian are taken as the three main foreign languages at the school. With the development and implementation of the plan, foreign experts teaching are standardized and improved with perfect combination of western style under current Chinese educational context and reality.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of C(sp2)—H Bonds and Alkyl—, Aryl—, and Vinyl—Boron Reagents via Pd(II)/Pd(0) Catalysis.

The versatile protocol for the synthesis of the compounds (III), (X), (XII) can also be applied to the functionalization of the derivatives of the commercial drugs ibuprofen (IV) and naproxen (VII).
Predicting Nocturnal Hypoglycemia with Measures of Physical Activity Intensity in Adolescent Athletes with Type 1 Diabetes.

Abstract For someone managing type 1 diabetes, understanding their body's glucose response to physical activity could aid in effectively addressing nocturnal hypoglycemia. The purpose of this inves...
Enhanced delivery of AAV-like nanoparticles after blood-brain barrier disruption in a mouse model

Focused ultrasound (FUS) to open the blood brain barrier (BBB) is under evaluation for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Regarding delivery of genes through the BBB, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have generated interest due to their ability to specifically and efficiently transfect the brain, which was recently demonstrated in mouse models. In this work, we investigated the use of 1.5 MHz FUS-mediated BBB opening in a mouse model after systemic injection of AAV-like polymer nanoparticles designed to have a 20-nm size and a targeting peptide similar to AAV-PHP.eB. Radiolabeling of the nanoparticles allowed in vivo tracking of the accumulation in the brain following the FUS treatment with positron emission tomography imaging (PET). Significant accumulation was measured in the treated hemisphere with a 1.8-fold enhancement compared to the contra-lateral hemisphere. Our experimental setup optimized for rodents (Verasonics) enables ultrasound imaging, precise targeting with electronic steering, and monitoring of the cavitation activity during the FUS treatment using passive acoustic mapping.
Connecting with Teachers through Modeling in Mathematical Biology

In this work, we describe some effective teaching and research practices that can help to integrate mathematics and biology efficiently to enhance student learning at all levels. One of the successful approaches proposed is to employ mathematical modeling that can help transform pedagogical practices. In this regard, we introduce some modeling activities that have been shared with teachers through professional development programs and have been incorporated in the classrooms. We also present how engaging teachers in research experiences in mathematical modeling can help to transform their pedagogical practices and provide opportunities for students to consider pursuing areas at the interface of mathematics and biology.
Resolution enhancement in coherent imaging systems using a deep neural network

We present a super-resolution framework for coherent imaging systems using a generative adversarial network. This framework requires a single low-resolution input image, and in a single feed-forward step it performs resolution enhancement. To validate its efficacy, both a lensfree holographic imaging system with a pixel-limited resolution and a lens-based holographic imaging system with diffraction-limited resolution were used. We demonstrated that for both the pixel-limited and diffraction-limited coherent imaging systems, our method was able to effectively enhance the image resolution of the tested biological samples. This data-driven super resolution framework is broadly applicable to various coherent imaging systems.
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor: an illustrative case and a systematic review.

Background Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) are rare, low-grade, primary CNS tumors first described in 2002 by Komori et al. RGNTs were initially characterized as a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumors typically localized to the fourth ventricle. Although commonly associated with an indolent course, RGNTs have the potential for aggressive behavior. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed through November 2019 using the search term "rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor." Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. English, full-text case reports and series with histopathological confirmation were included. Patient demographics, presentations, MRI features, tumor location, treatment, and follow-up of all 130 cases were extracted. Results A 19-year-old man with a history of epilepsy and autism presented with acute hydrocephalus. MRI scans from 2013 to 2016 demonstrated unchanged abnormal areas of cortex in the left temporal lobe with extension into the deep gray-white matter. On presentation to our clinic in 2019, the lesion demonstrated significant progression. The patient's tumor was identified as RGNT, WHO grade I. One hundred thirty patients were identified across 80 studies. Conclusion RGNT has potential to transform from an indolent tumor to a tumor with more aggressive behavior. The results of our systematic review provide insight into the natural history and treatment outcomes of these rare tumors.
The Floating Island Cave mammals: Paleoecology, abundance indices, and human subsistence through a taphonomic lens

Abstract Analyses of mammal remains from middle and late Holocene deposits in Floating Island Cave on the arid floor of the Bonneville basin in western North America are presented. Identified specimens consist of various desert mammals, especially leporids, which mirror collections from neighboring sites and provide additional data for one of the most comprehensive Holocene zoogeographic histories in the world. Taphonomic analyses identified large- and especially small-bodied mammal bones that were deposited by both human and non-human predators. Most horizons contained unusually high proportions of burned bones which are often viewed as unambiguous indicators of human subsistence activities. However, analyses of the cave’s deposits and the numbers and extent of burned bone indicate many specimens were charred in situ by post-depositional burning of the dry vegetal-rich fill. We employed abundance index measurements comparing artiodactyls against smaller leporids to investigate potential changes in human subsistence. We calculated two indices to illustrate the effects of non-human bone accumulations on abundance measures; one encompasses only specimens identified to genera and the other discounts scatological bones and other non-human accumulations and includes only bones and bone fragments classified as cultural refuse. When discounting the hundreds of leporid bones deposited by non-human vectors, the analyses show that the remains of leporids (especially hares [Lepus sp.]) are appreciably more abundant than artiodactyls, even during late Holocene periods of increased moisture. Given the dominance of Lepus in regional archaeological collections we argue that hares were not a low-ranked prey item but a low-risk dietary staple pursued throughout Holocene human occupation.
Design of a Dynamic Parameter-Controlled Chaotic-PRNG in a 65 nm CMOS process

In this paper, we present the design of a new chaotic map circuit with a 65 nm CMOS process. This chaotic map circuit uses a dynamic parameter-control topology and generates a wide chaotic range. We propose two designs of dynamic parameter-controlled chaotic map (DPCCM)-based pseudo-random number generators (PRNG). The randomness of the generated sequence is verified using three different statistical tests, namely, NIST SP 800–22 test, FIPS PUB 140–2 test, and Diehard test. Our first design offers a throughput of 200 MS/s with an on-chip area of 0.024 mm2 and a power consumption of 2.33 mW. The throughput of our second design is 300 MS/s with an area consumption of 0.132 mm2 and power consumption of 2.14 mW. The wider chaotic range and lower-overhead, offered by our designs, can be highly suitable for various applications such as, logic obfuscation, chaos-based cryptography, re-configurable random number generation, and hard-ware security for resource-constrained edge devices like IoT.
Multiple Moving Targets Heartbeat Estimation and Recovery using Multi-Frequency Radars

In this paper, we present a novel non-contact and privacy preserving approach on recovering physiological measurements like heart rate when multiple subjects are slowly walking in the scene using a ultra-wideband (UWB) multi-frequency radar system. We employ joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm to separate detection from multiple moving objects. Additionally, we exploit a recently developed multi-channel variational mode decomposition (MVMD) algorithm to extract heartbeat information from the range aligned samples. Our contribution lies in demonstration the possibility of a novel signal processing approach on heartbeat detection while multiple human targets are moving on the order of a few meters with a relatively simple setup while prior works requires a more complex setting and only considers small body movement on centimeter levels.
Amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein drives stretch-induced disruption of axonal transport in hiPSC-derived neurons.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in disrupted brain function following impact from an external force and is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Though neurological symptoms triggered by mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) - the most common form of TBI - typically resolve rapidly, even an isolated mTBI event can increase the risk to develop AD. Aberrant accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), a cleaved fragment of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a key pathological outcome designating the progression of AD following mTBI and has also been linked to impaired axonal transport. However, relationships among mTBI, amyloidogenesis, and axonal transport remain unclear, in part due to the dearth of human models to study the neuronal response following mTBI. Here, we implemented a custom-microfabricated device to deform neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), derived from a cognitively unimpaired male individual, to mimic the mild stretch experienced by neurons during mTBI. Though no cell lethality or cytoskeletal disruptions were observed, mild stretch was sufficient to stimulate rapid amyloidogenic processing of APP. This processing led to abrupt cessation of APP axonal transport and progressive formation of aberrant axonal accumulations that contained APP, its processing machinery, and amyloidogenic fragments. Consistent with this sequence of events, stretch-induced defects were abrogated by reducing amyloidogenesis either pharmacologically or genetically. In sum, we have uncovered a novel and manipulable stretch-induced amyloidogenic pathway directly responsible for APP axonal transport dysregulation. Our findings may help to understand and ultimately mitigate the risk of developing AD following mTBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Increased amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) generation post-injury may drive this risk. Here, by using a custom-built device to impose mild stretch to human neurons, we found that stretch triggers amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, and thus Aβ generation, consequently disrupting APP axonal transport. Compellingly, protecting APP from cleavage was sufficient to spare axonal transport dysregulation and the consequent aberrant axonal accumulation of APP. Supporting such protective mechanism, the expression of the AD-protective APPA673T genetic variant conferred protection against stretch-induced APP axonal transport phenotypes. Our data reveal potential subcellular pathways contributing to the development of AD-associated phenotypes following mTBI, and putative strategies for intervening in these pathways.
Caterpillar Inc. Taps the Chinese Bond Market

An MBA graduate prepares for a possible interview with Caterpillar Inc. by reading about the company's longtime presence in China manufacturing heavy equipment and its continued optimism about the heavy equipment market in that country. He also learns that the company financed part of its operations and growth in China by issuing bonds in Hong Kong and wonders whether the company would return to that bond market in Hong Kong. Excerpt UVA-C-2418 May 9, 2019 Caterpillar Inc. Taps the Chinese Bond Market It was spring 2019, and Mark Denoso eagerly anticipated the possibility of interviewing for a position in the office of the CFO at Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar). He had invested much time and energy getting his master's of business administration (MBA) from a top US business school and was eager to put his degree to work. Caterpillar would be the ideal place. Denoso fondly recalled his many hours spent in the open fields next to the house where he grew up, using his toy excavators, bulldozers, front loaders, and other equipment in the small construction sites he had created in and around the dirt and rocks in those fields. He had always dreamed of working construction, and, after obtaining his undergraduate degree in civil engineering, had landed the job as project engineer at a large construction firm; however after two years in that role, he was impatient to see his career progress, so he had returned to school to obtain his MBA. Now he was looking for a job opportunity that would combine his love of construction and his newly acquired business skills. In preparation for a possible interview, Denoso had read extensively about Caterpillar. He was intrigued with the company's longtime presence in China manufacturing heavy equipment and its continued optimism about the heavy equipment market in that country. He had also learned that the company had financed part of its operations and growth in China by issuing bonds in Hong Kong. He wondered whether the company would return to the bond market in Hong Kong again. . . .
Increased Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients With Aortic Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension Compared to Aortic Stenosis Alone.

INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are one of the most common traumatic injuries in the United States, secondary to an aging population. Multiple comorbidities are found in patients who present to trauma centers (TCs) with isolated hip fractures (IHFs) including significant cardiac disease. Aortic stenosis (AS) among these patients has been recently shown to increase mortality. However, factors leading to death from AS are unknown. We hypothesize that pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant mechanism of death among IHF patients with AS. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study examining IHF patients treated at Level I and II TCs within a large hospital system from 2015 to 2019. Patients who had IHFs and AS were compared to those who had IHFs, AS, and PH. Multivariable logistic regression was used to risk adjust by age, race, insurance status, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. The secondary outcomes were hospital-acquired complications. RESULTS A total of 1388 IHF patients with AS were included in the study. Eleven percent of these patients also had PH. The crude mortality rate was higher if IHF patients had both AS and PH compared to IHF with AS alone (9% vs 3.7%, P-value .003). After risk adjustment, a higher risk of mortality was still significant (aOR 2.56 [95% CI 1.28, 5.11]). In addition, IHF patients with both AS and PH had higher complication rates; the exposure group had higher percentage of pulmonary embolism (1.4% vs .2%, adjusted P-value .03), new-onset congestive heart failure (4.1% vs 1%, adjusted P-value .01), and sepsis/septicemia (3.5% vs 1.4%, adjusted P-value .05). CONCLUSION In patients with IHFs, PH and AS increase the likelihood of inpatient mortality by 2.5 times compared to AS alone. Pulmonary hypertension among IHF patients with AS is an important risk factor to identify in the preoperative period. Early identification may lead to better perioperative management and counseling of patients at higher risk of complications.
Meta-analysis of work–family conflict mean differences: Does national context matter?

Abstract Work–family conflict continues to be a topic of considerable interest to researchers and practitioners across the globe. In the current study, meta-analysis is used to compare cross-national mean differences in work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict across cultural, institutional, and economic aspects of context. No significant differences in work-to-family conflict were detected. Reports of family-to-work conflict were higher in more collectivistic versus more individualistic cultures, in countries with a higher versus a lower economic gender gap, and in countries other than the U.S. versus the U.S.
Control of Systems Governed by Integro-Differential Equations with Application to Floating Structures and Viscoelastic Material Dynamics

Systems of integro-differential equations have utility in modelling both large flexible structures and structures floating in the ocean. The integro-differential equations model the infinite order auxiliary dynamics that can otherwise be modeled by partial differential equations. This paper addresses the problem of determining, for such systems, an optimal feedback controller in the form of a fixed order dynamic compensator.
Resistivity of copper interconnects beyond the 7 nm node

The resistivity of damascene copper is measured at pitch ranging down to 40 nm and copper cross-sectional area as low as 140 nm2. Metallization by copper reflow is demonstrated at 28 nm pitch with patterning by directed self-assembly (DSA). Extremely low line-edge-roughness (LER) is attained by surface reconstruction of a single crystal silicon mask. Variation of LER is found to have no impact on resistivity. A resistivity benefit is found for wires with nearly bamboo grain structure, offering the promise of improved performance beyond the 7 nm node if grain size can be controlled.
Role of Forests in Major Element Cycles: Carbon, Sulfur, and Nitrogen

Despite the fundamental and enormous importance of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen to the biota, our appreciation of the cycling, residence, and flux of these elements among various ecosystems, oceans, and the atmosphere is incomplete. Despite our deficiencies, efforts are being made to refine our understanding of major element cycles and to more accurately estimate global budgets. This is especially important for those interested in air pollution, as compounds containing these elements are extremely significant air contaminants under certain circumstances. Forest ecosystems, because of their extensive distributions and their varied functions, play important roles in global element cycles. The imprecision of our estimates of global nutrient budgets is large and inconclusive conclusive, and predictions based on them must be qualified and cautious.
Stress, Wellness, and Mattering among Cadets at West Point: Factors Affecting a Fit and Healthy Force

ABSTRACT This study was designed to provide information to assist in planning health promotion and wellness programs for military trainees. During their first semester at West Point, 179 cadets completed measures of holistic wellness, perceived stress, and mattering. The highest wellness scores were in areas of social support, physical wellness, and humor. Significant negative correlations were found between perceived stress and work, realistic beliefs, and stress management. Significant positive correlations resulted between 17 wellness scales and mattering. t tests revealed only one area, work wellness, where the norm group scores exceeded those of the cadets. Cadets' scores exceeded norm group scores for perceived wellness, mattering, and seven of the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle scales, including total self-direction. Within-group differences were identified based on gender, for four of the self-direction factors, and for age on the dimension of self-care. Implications for health promotion and wel...
Rule Violations and Organizational Search: A Review and Extension

Whether they are formally prescribed or informally agreed upon, rules delineate the types of behavior deemed acceptable or appropriate within organizations. Studies often find that negative outcomes such as decreased group cohesion and higher turnover result when rules are broken. However, research rarely examines the potential positive effects of rule violations. Rules describe expectations about behavior within routines, or patterns of activity in organizations. When rules are violated by individuals, it could be an indication that the associated patterns of activity are no longer appropriate and that changes to the routines are needed. Organizations may learn from these violations if the violations trigger a search for new ways to organize activities, but this connection between violations and the search for new routines is affected by several factors. Drawing from a review and discussion of rules, routines, and research on organizational search and learning, this paper develops propositions regarding how rule violations motivate the search for new routines. This perspective integrates the literatures on rule-breaking and organizational search, and also suggests that managers who attend to patterns of rule-breaking within their organizations may detect drift from their environments and take corrective action earlier than suggested by other organizational learning research.
The Role of Predictions in Transport Policy Making and the Forecasting Profession: Misconceptions, Illusions and Cognitive Bias

This paper investigates the quantitative forecasting methods and procedures in transport policy making and criticises the existing applications based on the forecasting profession. Although many scholars presented predictions for transportation purposes, many of these predictions are out of the principles of forecasting and their validity is suspicious in terms of data preparations, stationarity theory, out of sample control, selection of accuracy metrics, residual control and benchmark selections. This paper presents a holistic view to forecasting principles and purposes a number of suggestions to validate and improve the existing approach.
Combined catalytic partial oxidation and CO2 reforming of methane over supported cobalt catalysts

The combined partial oxidation and CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas was investigated over the reduced Co/MgO, Co/CaO, and Co/SiO2 catalysts. Only Co/MgO has proved to be a highly efficient and stable catalyst. It provided about 94–95% yields to H2 and CO at the high space velocity of 105 000 ml g−1 h−1 and for feed ratios CH4/CO2/O2=4/2/1, without any deactivation for a period of study of 110 h. In contrast, the reduced Co/CaO and Co/SiO2 provided no activity for the formation of H2 and CO. The structure and reducibility of the calcined catalysts were examined using X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed reduction, respectively. A solid solution of CoO and MgO, which was difficult to reduce, was identified in the 800 °C calcined MgO-supported catalyst. The strong interactions induced by the formation of the solid solution are responsible for its superior activity in the combined reaction. The effects of reaction temperature, space velocity, and O2/CO2 ratio in the feed gases (while keeping the C/O ratio constant at 1/1) were investigated over the Co/MgO catalyst. The H2/CO ratio in the product of the combined reaction increased with increasing O2/CO2 ratio in the feed.