cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth instability in diffusion controlled polymerization

Abstract We report the observation of a sharp transition in the structure of polypyrrole prepared via diffusion controlled polymerization in a quasi-two dimensional electrochemical cell. As the oxidation potential is increased, the fractal dimension drops sharply from values near 2 to 1 as the growth becomes dendritic. At higher potentials, where the polymerization becomes diffusion limited, a continuum of structure is observed as the dendrites become more irregular and the fractal dimension increases to 1.74±0.01.
FORMATION OF PYRIDINES FROM THERMAL INTERACTION OF GLUTAMINE OR GLUTAMIC ACID WITH A MIXTURE OF ALKADIENALS IN AQUEOUS AND OIL MEDIA

A mixture of alkadienals containing equimolar concentrations of (t,t)-2, 4-heptadienal, (t,t)-2, 4-nonadienal, and (t,t)-2, 4-decadienal was heated at 180C with glutamine or glutamic acid in the ratio of individual 2,4-alkadienals to amino acid of 1:1:1:1 in aqueous and oil media where glutamine could generate free ammonia readily but glutamic acid could not. When the mixture of three alkadienals was reacted with glutamine, the total amounts of alkylpyridines were much higher in the oil systems even though some alkylpyridines, such as 3-butylpyridine, 3-pentylpyridine, and 4-pentylpyridine, could only be found in the aqueous systems. In the interaction of the mixture of three alkadienals with glutamic acid, only three 2-alkylpyridines including 2-ethylpyridine, 2-butylpyridine, and 2-pentylpyridine, which could be formed directly from the corresponding alkadienals, were produced under both conditions.
State of the art: Stem cells in equine regenerative medicine

Summary According to Greek mythology, Prometheus' liver grew back nightly after it was removed each day by an eagle as punishment for giving mankind fire. Hence, contrary to popular belief, the concept of tissue and organ regeneration is not new. In the early 20th century, cell culture and ex vivo organ preservation studies by Alexis Carrel, some with famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, established a foundation for much of modern regenerative medicine. While early beliefs and discoveries foreshadowed significant accomplishments in regenerative medicine, advances in knowledge within numerous scientific disciplines, as well as nano- and micromolecular level imaging and detection technologies, have contributed to explosive advances over the last 20 years. Virtually limitless preparations, combinations and applications of the 3 major components of regenerative medicine, namely cells, biomaterials and bioactive molecules, have created a new paradigm of future therapeutic options for most species. It is increasingly clear, however, that despite significant parallels among and within species, there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ regenerative therapy. Likewise, a panacea has yet to be discovered that completely reverses the consequences of time, trauma and disease. Nonetheless, there is no question that the promise and potential of regenerative medicine have forever altered medical practices. The horse is a relative newcomer to regenerative medicine applications, yet there is already a large body of work to incorporate novel regenerative therapies into standard care. This review focuses on the current state and potential future of stem cells in equine regenerative medicine.
Gastrointestinal Helminths from 13 Species of Lizards from Reserva Cuzco Amazónico, Peru

Abstract One hundred sixty-four lizards representing 13 species collected from the Reserva Cuzco Amazonico, Peru, were examined for helminths. Two species of Cestoda (Oochoristica ameivae and Ophiotaenia flava) and 18 species of Nematoda (adults of Amphibiocapillaria freitaslenti, Cyrtosomum longicaudatum, Oswaldocruzia peruvensis, Oswaldocruzia vitti, Oswaldofilaria azeuedoi, Parapharyngodon scleratus, Physaloptera retusa, Physalopteroides venancioi, Piratuba digiticauda, Piratuba lainsoni, Piratuboides zeae, Rhabdias anolis, Skrjabinelzaia intermedia, Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Strongyluris oscari; larvae of Dujardinascaris sp. and Hastospiculum sp.) were found. In all, 1,617 helminths were collected from 83 (51%) of the 164 lizards examined. Of these, 15 (0.9%) were larval forms, which are thought not capable of reaching maturity in lizards. No infected lizard harbored more than 3 helminth species: 1.70 ± 0.08 (x ± 1 SE) helminth species/infected lizard; 19.45 ± 2.82 helminth ...
Dynamical simulation of N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with domain wall fermions

We present results from a numerical study of $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory using domain wall fermions. In this particular lattice formulation of the theory, supersymmetry is expected to emerge accidentally in the continuum and chiral limits without any fine-tuning of operators. Dynamical simulations were performed for the gauge group $SU(2)$ on ${8}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8$ and ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32$ lattice space-time volumes and at three different values of the coupling: $\ensuremath{\beta}=2.3$, $2.35\overline{3}$, and 2.4. Results from this study include measurements of the static potential, residual mass, and a chirally extrapolated value for the gluino condensate at $\ensuremath{\beta}=2.3$. In addition to these, we study the low-lying eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the five-dimensional Hermitian domain-wall fermion Dirac operator and present evidence that, for the choice of parameters under investigation, features of the spectrum appear qualitatively consistent with strong coupling and the presence of a large residual mass. From the five-dimensional eigenvalues we explore the possibility of using the Banks-Casher relation to determine an independent value for the gluino condensate in the chiral limit.
The «whole humanity» : Gregory of Nyssa's critique of slavery in light of his eschatology

Nowhere in the literary remains of antiquity is there another document quite comparable to Gregory of Nyssa's fourth homily on the book of Ecclesiastes: certainly no other ancient text still known to us—Christian, Jewish, or Pagan—contains so fierce, unequivocal, and indignant a condemnation of the institution of slavery. Not that it constitutes a particularly lengthy treatise: it is only a part of the sermon itself, a brief exegedeal excursus on Ecclesiastes 2:7 (‘I got me male and female slaves, and had my home-born slaves as well’), but it is a passage of remarkable rhetorical intensity. In it Gregory treats slavery not as a luxury that should be indulged in only temperately (as might an Epicurean), nor as a necessary domestic economy too often abused by arrogant or brutal slave-owners (as might a Stoic like Seneca or a Christian like John Chrysostom), but as intrinsically sinful, opposed to God's actions in creation, salvation, and the church, and essentially incompatible with the Gospel. Of course, in an age when an economy sustained otherwise than by chattel slavery was all but unimaginable, the question of abolition was simply never raised, and so the apparent uniqueness of Gregory's sermon is, in one sense, entirely unsurprising. Gregory lived at a time, after all, when the response of Christian theologians to slavery ranged from—at best—resigned acceptance to—at worst—vigorous advocacy. But, then, this makes all the more perplexing the question of how one is to account for Gregory's eccentricity. Various influences on his thinking could of course be cited— most notably, perhaps, that of his revered teacher and sister Macrina, who had prevailed upon Gregory's mother to live a common life with her servants—but this could at best help to explain only Gregory's general distaste for the institution; it would still not account for the sheer uncompromising vehemence of his denunciations.
To certify or not to certify? Separating the organic production and certification decisions

This article separates the decision to be certified organic into the decision to use organic practices and the subsequent decision to certify those practices, using data from a survey of US fruit and vegetable producers. We document that many producers are using organic practices but choosing not to certify. Philosophical beliefs and perceived risk of losses due to disease, weeds, and insects have the largest impact on the decision to use organic practices. Producers who use organic practices and direct market are less likely to certify. Moreover, we find that the certification process discourages certification.
The Application of Antecedents in the Functional Assessment Process Existing Research, Issues, and Recommendations

Over the past 20 years, functional assessment strategies have been evolving. One aspect of functional assessment is the evaluation of the influence of antecedent events on the occurence of challenging behaviors. Although such influence has been discussed by others in the literature, there is a paucity of research that investigates the use of antecedent-based interventions in natural settings. The lack of antecedent-based intervention research in natural settings significantly limits the applicability of the existing antecedent event research to teachers who work with students with challenging behaviors in classroom settings. This article critically analyzes the current status of the research investigating the use of antecedent events in the functional assessment process, with an emphasis on interventions conducted in natural settings. Issues related to measurement, validation, and antecedent-based interventions are emphasized, and suggestions for future research are outlined.
Use Of CSIS In Severe Weather Prediction

The Centralized Storm Information System (CSIS) has been in place at the National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC) in Kansas City for two years. CSIS represents a major step toward providing the operational meteorologist a truly interactive, information handling and display system. The system consists of a GOES receiving antenna system, four Harris/6 computers, three interactive_ terminals, FAA "604" teletype input, two autodialers and are interfaced to the NSSFC computer. CSIS has had a dramatic and positive impact on the operations of NSSFC. The continued tailoring of the system to meet the operational needs of NSSFC has produced a high degree of forecaster acceptance and dependence on CSIS. Verification of tornado watches has shown a significant increase in skill since the implementation of CSIS.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
802.11 link interference: a simple model and a performance enhancement

Recent findings have revealed that the carrier-sensing range set in current major implementations does not detect all interference signals in 802.11 networks. In this paper, we investigate the effect of interference and develop a mathematical model for it. The accuracy of our model is verified via simulations. Based on an insight from our model, we present a simple protocol that operates on the top of 802.11 MAC layer and achieves more throughput than rate-adjustment schemes.
Comparative sediment quality guideline performance for predicting sediment toxicity in southern California, USA

Several types of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) are used by multiple agencies in southern California (USA) to interpret sediment chemistry data, yet little information is available to identify the best approaches to use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of five SQGs to predict the presence and absence of sediment toxicity in coastal southern California: the effects range-median quotient (ERMq), consensus moderate effect concentration (consensus MEC), mean sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ1), apparent effects threshold (AET), and equilibrium partitioning (EqP) for organics. Large differences in predictive ability among the SQGs were obtained when each approach was applied to the same southern California data set. Sediment quality guidelines that performed well in identifying nontoxic samples were not necessarily the best predictors of toxicity. In general, the mean ERMq, SQGQ1q, and consensus MECq approaches had a better overall predictive ability than the AET and EqP for organics approaches. In addition to evaluating the predictive ability of SQGs addressing chemical mixtures, the effect of an individual SQG value (DDT) was also evaluated for the mean ERMq with and without DDT. The mean ERMq without DDT had a better ability to predict toxic samples than the mean ERMq with DDT. Similarities in discriminatory ability between different approaches, variations in accuracy among SQG values for some chemicals, and the presence of complex mixtures of contaminants in most samples underscore the need to apply SQGs in combination, such as the mean quotient. Management objectives and SQG predictive ability using regional data should be determined beforehand so that the most appropriate SQG approach and critical values can be identified for specific applications.
Glass Ceilings and Catfights: Career Barriers for Professional Women in Academia

Women continue to struggle to reach parity in the workplace, constantly hitting their heads on the glass ceiling. The inability to break through this barrier may lead women to develop covert actions to create an advantage over their competition. The existing literature on the relationships of women and men in the workplace provides some insight to the struggles that occur when one gender could be considered a professional minority. In addition, some researchers have studied the working relationships of women in the business environment, but there is a deficiency in the literature of the working relationships among women in academic organizations. The purpose of our study was to explore the challenges of female relationships in the community college workplace, as women continue to dominate these institutions as both employees and students. A psychodynamic perspective was used as the theoretical framework for the study. We sought to assess the perceptions of female professional staff in public community colleges of how women supported the career advancement of their female peers, as well as how their supervisors and departments supported the professional development of potential female leaders. The results of the mixed method study identified two areas of limitations for women within community college environments: interpersonal and institutional cultural. The results of the quantitative analysis identified that a majority of females felt their peers were supportive of the career advancement of their female colleagues. The qualitative results of the study painted a different picture, indicating that women may use covert actions to compete with and hold back their female colleagues.
Complete alleviation of treatment refractory primary SUNCT syndrome with clomiphene citrate (a medicinal deep brain hypothalamic modulator)

ObjectiveTo report the first ever case of primary short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT) syndrome completely responsive to clomiphene citrate.MethodsCase report.ResultsSUNCT...
Meta-analysis: Multidisciplinary fall prevention strategies in the acute care inpatient population†

BACKGROUND: Inpatient falls are common adverse events that lead to inpatient injury, increased length of stay, healthcare costs, litigation, and are a focus of patient safety and healthcare quality. Fall prevention methods are currently evolving to address the problem. PURPOSE: To examine the available data evaluating multidisciplinary fall prevention strategies in the acute inpatient setting. DATA SOURCES: A complete literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library through December 2011 was used. The bibliographies of all systematic reviews and meta-analyses were hand searched. STUDY SELECTION: Only primary research studies relating to acute care inpatient hospital multidisciplinary fall prevention were included. Selected papers were assessed for quality by 2 authors using a 20-point scale previously used in the fall literature. DATA EXTRACTION: Each selected study was carefully hand searched by 2 authors for the purposes of data extraction. Study results, in fall rate per 1000-patient days, and the characteristics of the interventions used were extracted for analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Effect sizes (odds ratios) and 95% confidence intervals were derived for individual studies and then combined across research reports using a random-effects meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Fall prevention strategies have a significant but small effect on fall rates despite the use of complex, multidisciplinary interventions. Additional randomized trials are needed to examine the possible benefits of multidisciplinary fall prevention strategies in the acute inpatient setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
SenseBench: toward an accurate evaluation of sensor network processors

Sensor network processors introduce an unprecedented level of compact and portable computing. These small processing systems reside in the environment which they monitor, combining sensing, computation, storage, communication, and power supplies into small form factors. Sensor processors have a wide variety of applications in medical monitoring, environmental sensing, industrial inspection, and military surveillance. Despite efforts to design suitable processors for these systems (Ekanayake et al., 2004; Hempstead et al., 2005; Nazhandali et al., 2005; Wameke and Pister, 2004), there is no well-defined method to evaluate their performance and energy consumption. The historically used MIPS (millions of instructions per second) and EPI (energy per instruction) metrics cannot provide an accurate comparison because of their dependence on the nature of instructions, which differ across instruction set architectures. On the other hand, the current well-defined benchmarks (1989; Guthaus et al., 2001; Lee et al., 1997) do not represent typical workloads of sensor network systems, and hence, are not suitable to compare sensor processors. This paper defines a set of stream applications representing the typical real-time workload of a sensor processor. Furthermore, three new metrics, EPB (energy per bundle), xRT (times real-time), and CFP (composition foot print) are introduced to evaluate and compare such systems.
Circadian genes differentially affect tolerance to ethanol in Drosophila.

Background There is a strong relationship between circadian rhythms and ethanol responses. Ethanol consumption has been shown to disrupt physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms in mammals (Spanagel et al., 2005b). The Drosophila central circadian pacemaker is composed of proteins encoded by the per, tim, cyc, and Clk genes. Using Drosophila mutant analysis we asked whether these central components of the circadian clock make the equivalent contribution towards ethanol tolerance and whether rhythmicity itself is necessary for tolerance.
Vasoactivity of adenine nucleotides released in vitro from blood cells by thrombin.

Small amounts of thrombin infused into the Cenioral artery of dogs decrease the peripheral vascular resistance, due to release of adenine nucleotides from blood cells. The present study was designed to determine the source of vasoactive adenine nucleotides released from blood cells by thrombin. Washed human platelcts, red cells and white cells were incubated with thrombin and the resulting supernatant was tested for vasoactivity. Dog platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma incubated with thrombin was also assayed for vasoactivity, as well as hemolysed red cells. Supernatants from incubated platelets showed strong vasocativity which disappeared after exposure to ADP-ase and ATP-ase (Apyrase). Supernatants from red cells and white cells were not vasoactive. Platelet rich plasma incubated with thrombin was highly vasoactive in contrast to platelet poor plasma treated similarly. Hemolysed red cells were highly vasoactive and this vasoactivity also disappeared after treatment with Apyrase. It is concluded that small amounts of thrombin release adenine nucleotides from the platelets. This does not occur when red cells or white cells are acted upon by thrombin although the major supply of the nucleotides is to be found in the red cells.
A wide-band low noise amplifier using cross-coupled technique with linear in dB gain-control

This paper realized a broadband LNA with cross-coupled technique to achieve a low noise characteristic. The current steering method and linear-in-dB control technique are employed in the amplifier to provide a wide range and linear-in-dB gain control. The dynamic gain range is about 27 dB with linearity error lower than ± 0.5 dB. The noise figure of LNA is about 3 dB at the maximum gain of 17 dB. The LNA dissipates 10.8 mA from 3.3 V power supply, which occupies 945 um × 860 um of chip area including bonding pads.
Induced epidermal permeability modulates resistance and susceptibility of wheat seedlings to herbivory by Hessian fly larvae

Salivary secretions of neonate Hessian fly larvae initiate a two-way exchange of molecules with their wheat host. Changes in properties of the leaf surface allow larval effectors to enter the plant where they trigger plant processes leading to resistance and delivery of defence molecules, or susceptibility and delivery of nutrients. To increase understanding of the host plant's response, the timing and characteristics of the induced epidermal permeability were investigated. Resistant plant permeability was transient and limited in area, persisting just long enough to deliver defence molecules before gene expression and permeability reverted to pre-infestation levels. The abundance of transcripts for GDSL-motif lipase/hydrolase, thought to contribute to cuticle reorganization and increased permeability, followed the same temporal profile as permeability in resistant plants. In contrast, susceptible plants continued to increase in permeability over time until the entire crown of the plant became a nutrient sink. Permeability increased with higher infestation levels in susceptible but not in resistant plants. The ramifications of induced plant permeability on Hessian fly populations are discussed.
Information Provided by Accrual and Cash-Flow Measures of Operating Activities

This article examines accrual and cash-flow measures useful for observing companies' financing, investing and operating activities. It addresses the information provided jointly by income and operating cash flow, and reveals that information provided by these accounting measures is dependent on their relative magnitudes. A consistent pattern of income in excess of operating cash flow, with both measures appropriately adjusted and scaled, indicates superior company growth. Income and cash-flow patterns are associated significantly with various company financing, investing and operating attributes. Empirical tests confirm that both income and operating cash flow are important for observing company performance and prospects when considered jointly and when interpreted with respect to accounting measurement theory. At least for many companies, the results do not support the conventional wisdoms that accounting measures of income and operating cash flow converge over long periods of time and that earnings provide a reliable basis for cash-flow prediction.
Corticosteroids for traumatic brain injury

Two independent reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data. Trial quality was based on the method of allocation concealment. Data extracted included number of patients dead or severely disabled (defined as the Glasgow Outcome Scale categories “persistent vegetative state” or “moderate disability”) at the end of the study period. For each trial, relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcome were calculated on an intention-to-treat Corticosteroids for Traumatic Brain Injury
Selfish and Moral Politics: David Hume on Stability and Cohesion in the Modern State

In Hume's dialogue with the Hobbesian-Mandevillian “selfish system” of morals, Hume seems to reject its conclusions in morals, but accept them in politics. No skeptic of moral claims like Mandeville, Hume sought to ground objective moral standards in his moral sentiment philosophy, yet, like Mandeville, Hume argued that in political life human beings act based largely on self-interest and a limited generosity. I argue that Hume, however, is ultimately ambivalent about the selfish system's conclusions in politics. He puts forth both a nonmoral and a moral solution to the problem of cohesion in modern liberal states. First, he agrees with the selfish system's nonmoral tactic of channeling the self-interest of citizens through well-constructed institutions toward salutary ends. Second, arguing that the first solution is insufficient for the health of a political regime, Hume seeks to expand the limited moral sense of citizens through moral and aesthetic education and through an empowerment of local politics....
High Surface Area Solids Obtained by Reaction of Montmorillonite with Zirconyl Chloride

Exchange reactions of Na-montmorillonite with zirconyl chloride solutions give products with basal spacings near 18 A which are stable to 500~ and have surface areas of the order of 300-400 m2/g. The Na ions are exchanged with tetrameric hydroxy cations (Zr4(OH)I( nH~O) 2+. The high surface area is attributed to the porosity formed by stable zir- conium oxide" pillars" formed by dehydroxylatlon of the complex cation. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms are of Lang- muir type and are consistent with adsorption in interlayer micropores. Reduced-charge montmorillonites, formed by ap- plication of the Hofmann-Klemen procedure, give either similar or slightly smaller surface areas. was used. The same montmorillonite was used in a pre- vious study (Yamanaka and Brindley, 1978) where the chemical analysis and structural formula are given. Na- and Li-saturated samples were prepared by treatment with the respective 1 N chloride solutions, with sub- sequent washing by centrifugation and dialysis to re- move excess chloride.
Mechanical instabilities of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes under cyclic axial compression.

Individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes with a range of aspect ratios are subjected to cyclic axial compression to large strains using atomic force microscopy. Distinct elastic buckling and postbuckling phenomena are observed reproducibly and are ascribed to Euler, asymmetric shell buckling (i.e., kinking), and symmetric shell buckling. These show agreement with continuum theories that range from approximate to remarkable. Shell buckling yields reproducible incremental negative stiffness in the initial postbuckled regime.
Intracellular Antimicrobial Activity in the Absence of Interferon-γ: Effect of Interleukin-12 in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis in Interferon-γ Gene-disrupted Mice

Despite permitting uncontrolled intracellular visceral infection for 8 wk, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) gene knockout (GKO) mice infected with Leishmania donovani proceeded to reduce liver parasite burdens by 50% by week 12. This late-developing IFN-γ–independent antileishmanial mechanism appeared to be dependent largely on endogenous tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): L. donovani infection induced TNF-α mRNA expression in parasitized GKO livers and neutralization of TNF-α reversed control at week 12. 7 d of treatment of infected GKO mice with interleukin-12 (IL-12) readily induced leishmanicidal activity and also partially restored the near-absent tissue granulomatous response, observations that for the first time expand the antimicrobial repertoire of IL-12 to include IFN-γ–independent effects. The action of IL-12 against L. donovani was TNF-α dependent and required the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results point to the presence of an IFN-γ–independent antimicrobial mechanism, mediated by TNF-α, which remains quiescent until activated late in the course of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. However, as judged by the effect of exogenous IL-12 this quiescent mechanism can readily be induced to rapidly yield enhanced intracellular antimicrobial activity.
NETEMBED: A network resource mapping service for distributed applications

Emerging configurable infrastructures (large-scale overlays, grids, distributed testbeds, and sensor networks among others) comprise diverse sets of computing resources and network conditions. The distributed applications to be deployed on these infrastructures exhibit increasingly complex constraints and requirements on the resources they require. Thus, a common problem facing the efficient deployment of distributed applications on these infrastructures is that of mapping application-level requirements onto the network in such a manner that the requirements of the application are realized. We present two new techniques to tackle this combinatorially-hard problem that thanks to a number of heuristics, are able to find feasible solutions or determine the non-existence of a solution in most cases, where otherwise the problem would be intractable. These techniques are also false negative free, a common problem among other heuristics currently in use.
A high efficiency full-chip thermal simulation algorithm

Thermal simulation has become increasingly important in chip design, especially in the nanometer regime, where the on-chip hot spots severely degrade the performance and reliability of the circuit and increase the leakage power. In this paper, we present a highly efficient and accurate thermal simulation algorithm that is capable of performing full-chip temperature calculations at the cell level. The algorithm is a combination of several important numerical techniques including the Green function method, the discrete cosine transform (DCT), and the frequency domain computations. Experimental results show that our algorithm can achieve orders of magnitude speedup compared with previous Green function based algorithms while maintaining the same accuracy.
A switching control approach for linear systems subject to asymmetric actuator saturation

In this paper, we study the saturation control problem for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems subject to asymmetric actuator saturation under a switching control framework. The LTI plant with asymmetric saturation is first transformed to an equivalent switched linear model with each subsystem subject to symmetric actuator saturation, based on which a switching controller robust against arbitrary switching is then designed by using a common Lyapunov function approach. The controller synthesis conditions are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The application to an inverted pendulum is also given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Theory of Phase Transitions on H/W(110) and H/Mo(110) Systems

The study of chemisorption of simple adsorbates on metal surfaces has been an active area of research [1] in recent years. If the underlying substrate is passive, such systems provide physical realizations of simple two-dimensional lattice gas models [2]. On the other hand, in some systems the substrate degrees of freedom have to be included to account for the over layer-induced substrate reconstruction (RC) as well as coexistence of over layer order-disorder transition and substrate reconstruction. Recent LEED studies on H/Mo(110) and H/W(110) [3,4,5] provide nice examples of the passive substrate and active substrate behavior mentioned above. In the case of H/Mo(110), only a (2×2) ordered phase is found when temperature and hydrogen coverage are varied. For H/W(110) however, both (2×1) and (2×2) ordered phases are observed. Moreover the inherent symmetry of the (110) surface is broken beyond a critical coverage [4]. Evidence for this symmetry breaking has also been reported in photoemission and EELS studies [6] and H diffusion measurements [7]. As we shall demonstrate below, this observation is only consistent with an active substrate model undergoing a reconstruction. Lack of space prevents us from discussing the details of experimental results on the temperature (T)-coverage (θ) phase diagram of these two systems. This can be found in Refs. [3–5]. In this paper we develop a model Hamiltonian which contrasts the above two systems (which have identical substrate geometry). We also present Monte Carlo simulation results which provide insight into the understanding of phase diagrams of H/W(110).
A Structural Functionalist Second Look at SCA-5: Moving Forward with California Affirmative Action in a Racialized America

This paper re-examines California's Senate Constitutional Amendment 5, a failed proposal that sought to allow California public universities to once again use race as a factor in its admissions processes. In light of the pending University of Texas v. Fisher (Fisher II) case in the U.S. Supreme Court and other racialized movements headlining news and social media, racial politics seem to be coming to a head, making more critical the need for minority coalition. This paper adopts the structural functionalist theory of culture to examine the causes for failure of the last effort, which was caused largely in part by a minority of dissenting Asian Pacific Islanders. In this note, I suggest the API rise against racial preference stemmed from a feeling of ongoing relative disadvantage when entering the workforce. With this in mind, I suggest that a future proposal may find success by having a broader repeal of Proposition 209 and leveraging the private sector to be race-conscious through a tax incentive. Such a proposal takes into account the interests of not only Asian Pacific Islanders, but underrepresented and traditionally disadvantaged minority groups as well.
MELUS Interview: William Yellow Robe

Thefollowing interview with playwright William Yellow Robe r. was adapted from remarks prepared for the New WORLD Theater Multicultural Theater Festival and Conference in 1989 and a later interview conducted by New WORLD Theater artistic director Roberta Uno. Yellow Robe has had his work produced both in the ethnic and regional theater. His play Sneaky was published in Slant 6: New Theater from the Minneapolis Playwrights Center (New Rivers Press, 1990). Other works of his have been read or staged by Theater Center, the American Conservatory Theater, the New WORLD Theater, the Montana Repertory and the Purple Mountain Theater. Yellow Robe has served as the literary manager for the Seattle Group Theater and was a Jerome Fellow at the Minneapolis Playwrights Center in 1988. He was the only playwriting winner of the 1989 Princess Grace Award and currently serves as the literary manager for the Seattle Group Theater. An enrolled member of the Assiniboine Tribe of theFort Peck Indian reservation in northeast Montana, he was raised in traditional Indian ways in Wolf Point, Montana, where he graduated from high school. Raised by his mother, Mina Rose, he is the second youngest of nine children. Yellow Robe attended Northern Montana College in Havre and the University of Montana in Missoula where he studied history, journalism, and the performing arts. Although many of Yellow Robe's plays and short stories examine traditional Indian themes, he has also written for children's theater and, most recently, a play on AIDS. In the past three years he has written five commissioned plays. His one-act and full-length plays include: The Independence of Eddie Rose, Wink-Dah, Sneaky, Harvest, My Walks with Grandma, The People, The Breaking of Another Circle, The Pendleton Blanket, A Great Thing, Taking Aunty to the Wake, WA-KIK-NA, and A Coyote's Tale.
Geometric Games of Search and Ambush

Consider the following problem concerning a hunter, a bird and a field. The bird wants to fly from one side of the field to the other. The hunter wants to wait somewhere within the field and shoot the bird if it comes within range. The problem is to determine the best policy for both the bird and the hunter and the result of following this best policy. The precise statement of this problem depends upon the shape of the field, the capabilities of the bird and the hunter, and the meaning of the term "best policy." Assume the field is a square one unit long and one unit wide so that it can be realized as the unit square
Separate identities of the Donath-Landsteiner hemolysin (PCH antibody) and treponemal immobilizing antibody.

SummaryA more sensitive Donath-Land-steiner test did not detect the hemolysin of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria in sera of patients with syphilis more often than tests used in other surveys. Although related to syphilitic infection, PCH antibody was shown to differ from treponemal immobilizing antibody, the specific antibody of this infection. The mechanism of production of PCH antibody remains unexplained.
Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys

Most commercial casting alloys are multicomponent (three or more) and involve multiphase solidification. Processing objectives include either avoidance of microsegregation associated with the formation of detrimental minority phases, or control of the amount, the morphology, and the distribution of beneficial minority phases. Yet, understanding morphological stability and multiphase pattern formation in such systems is not trivial because of the high number of degrees of freedom and solidifying phases. For example, the eutectic reaction which is nonvariant in binary alloys becomes univariant in ternary alloys. As a consequence, the two-phase solid/liquid (S/L) interface can exhibit cellular or dendrite morphological transitions.
Articulating ideology: How liberals and conservatives justify political affiliations using morality-based explanations

Two studies examined the degree to which participants’ were aware of their morality-based motivations when determining their political affiliations. Participants from the U.S. indicated what political party (if any) they affiliated with and explained their reasons for that affiliation. For participants who identified as “Liberal/Democrat” or “Conservative/Republican,” coders read the responses and identified themes associated with Moral Foundations Theory. In Study 1, thematic differences between liberals and conservatives paralleled previous research, although the extent of the disparities was more pronounced than expected, with the two groups showing little overlap. In Study 2, the actual influence of Moral Foundations (as measured by the Moral Foundations Questionnaire) was dramatically greater than was indicated by the coding of participants’ open-ended responses. In addition, actual disparities in use of Moral Foundations between liberals and conservatives were greater than participants’ stereotyped perceptions. We discuss how this research furthers our understanding of conscious motivations for political affiliation and can help to facilitate political discourse.
Multidimensional Scaling: A Compendium

Perceptual, preference and response evaluation models continue to attract the attention of marketing researchers. Multidimensional scaling, a more recently introduced statistical technique, is described and some of the recent contributions to the development of the technique are discussed.
Relative Contributions of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0 and vhs to Loss of Cellular IFI16 Vary in Different Human Cell Types.

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the degradation of several host cell proteins. Most studies have found that ICP0 promotes the loss of IFI16 in infected cells, but one study reported that ICP0 was not necessary or sufficient for loss of IFI16 in a tumor-derived cell line. Therefore, in this study, we examined the requirement for ICP0 in promoting the loss of IFI16 in several normal and tumor-derived cell lines. HSV-1 infection resulted in an observable decrease of IFI16 protein levels in normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), and HeLa cells but not in U2OS cells. During infection with an ICP0-null virus, we observed a reduced loss of IFI16 in HFFs and NOKs but not in HeLa cells. Ectopic expression of ICP0 from a transfected plasmid was sufficient to promote the loss of IFI16 in HFFs and NOKs. In the absence of ICP0, we observed a delayed reduction of IFI16 protein that correlated with a reduction in the steady-state levels of IFI16 mRNA. In addition, we show that the ICP0-independent loss of IFI16 in HeLa cells is dependent in part on the activity of the viral virion host shutoff (vhs) tegument protein. Together, these results demonstrate that HSV-1 promotes the loss of IFI16 through at least two mechanisms: (i) by ICP0-dependent degradation of IFI16 and (ii) by vhs-dependent turnover of IFI16 mRNA. In addition, this study highlights a potential intrinsic difference between normal and tumor-derived cells for the activities of IFI16 and HSV-1 ICP0. IMPORTANCE HSV-1 is a ubiquitous virus that establishes a lifetime persistent infection in humans. The relative success of HSV-1 as a pathogen is, in part, dependent on the expression of viral proteins that counteract host intrinsic defense mechanisms and that modulate immune responses during viral infection. In this study, we examined the relative roles of two viral gene products for the ability to promote loss of the antiviral IFI16 DNA sensor. We demonstrate that the viral immediate early ICP0 protein plays a dominant role in the loss of IFI16 in normal, but not tumor-derived, human cell lines. In contrast, viral vhs-mediated loss of IFI16 by mRNA destabilization is revealed to be dominant in tumor-derived cells in which ICP0 is nonfunctional. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of how HSV-1 modulates IFI16 protein levels and highlight cell-type-dependent differences between normal and tumor-derived cells.
The Wave Function and Local Observables in the STA

In this section we consider Hestenes’s construction and interpretation of the wave function in the Dirac theory.
Morphometricity as a measure of the neuroanatomical signature of a trait.

Complex physiological and behavioral traits, including neurological and psychiatric disorders, often associate with distributed anatomical variation. This paper introduces a global metric, called morphometricity, as a measure of the anatomical signature of different traits. Morphometricity is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variation that can be explained by macroscopic brain morphology. We estimate morphometricity via a linear mixed-effects model that uses an anatomical similarity matrix computed based on measurements derived from structural brain MRI scans. We examined over 3,800 unique MRI scans from nine large-scale studies to estimate the morphometricity of a range of phenotypes, including clinical diagnoses such as Alzheimer’s disease, and nonclinical traits such as measures of cognition. Our results demonstrate that morphometricity can provide novel insights about the neuroanatomical correlates of a diverse set of traits, revealing associations that might not be detectable through traditional statistical techniques.
Host Matters: Medicinal Leech Digestive-Tract Symbionts and Their Pathogenic Potential.

Digestive-tract microbiota exert tremendous influence over host health. Host-symbiont model systems are studied to investigate how symbioses are initiated and maintained, as well as to identify host processes affected by resident microbiota. The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, is an excellent model to address such questions owing to a microbiome that is consistently dominanted by two species, Aeromonas veronii and Mucinivorans hirudinis, both of which are cultivable and have sequenced genomes. This review outlines current knowledge about the dynamics of the H. verbana microbiome. We discuss in depth the factors required for A. veronii colonization and proliferation in the leech crop and summarize the current understanding of interactions between A. veronii and its annelid host. Lastly, we discuss leech usage in modern medicine and highlight how leech-therapy associated infections, often attributable to Aeromonas spp., are of growing clinical concern due in part to an increased prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant strains.
Negligible Thyroid Hormone Content Present in Nonprescription U.S. Weight Loss Products.

Author(s): Seger, Christian D; He, Xuemei; Braverman, Lewis E; Yeh, Michael W; Bernet, Victor J; Singh, Ravinder J; Rhee, Connie M; Leung, Angela M
A human microprotein that interacts with the mRNA decapping complex

Proteomic detection of non-annotated microproteins indicates the translation of hundreds of small open reading frames (smORFs) in human cells, but whether these microproteins are functional or not is unknown. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a 7-kDa human microprotein we named non-annotated P-body dissociating polypeptide (NoBody). NoBody interacts with mRNA decapping proteins, which remove the 5' cap from mRNAs to promote 5'-to-3' decay. Decapping proteins participate in mRNA turnover and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). NoBody localizes to mRNA-decay-associated RNA-protein granules called P-bodies. Modulation of NoBody levels reveals that its abundance is anticorrelated with cellular P-body numbers and alters the steady-state levels of a cellular NMD substrate. These results implicate NoBody as a novel component of the mRNA decapping complex and demonstrate potential functionality of a newly discovered microprotein.
Determination of ovine sperm concentration by spermatocrit

The evaluation of sperm concentration by micro centrifugation is described in fish (SHIMODA, Braz J. Vet Res Anim Sci, supplement, p.19-24, 2007; GOO, Reprod Dev v.19, p.253-258, 2015), however, there are no reports in mammals. The ram semen is characterized by low volume and high cell concentration, allowing to correlate the cells sedimentation with the sperm concentration. The objective of this project was to evaluate whether the spermatocrit can be used to predict the ram sperm concentration. This study was conducted at the Animal Reproduction Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Campus Concordia. The semen of sixteen 16 fertile rams was collected with artificial vagina, totaling 25 ejaculates. A fraction of the semen was diluted in formaldehyde citrate (1:400) and subjected to direct counting in a Neubauer chamber under optical microscope with magnification of 400 times. The other fraction, in natura, was centrifuged in micro capillary (75 mm length and 1 mm O) in a micro hematocrit centrifuge at 153 x g for 2 minutes. The capillaries were measured with a hematocrit reading ruler and the results were correlated with the results of the Neubauer chamber. To verify the relationship between sperm concentrations determined in a Neubauer chamber and the spermatocrit, data were submitted to simple linear regression analysis at 5% probability after the sperm count was converted into logarithm and the diagnosis of residuals to confirm the assumptions to perform the regression analysis with the software R. There was a linear relationship (P < 0.05) between the sperm concentration determined in a Neubauer chamber and the spermatocrit described by the equation: Y = 8.9892 + 4.0077X, where X is the column height obtained when reading the spermatocrit. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 64.69%, indicating that a significant fraction of the variation in sperm count can be explained by the regressor variable obtained by reading the spermatocrit (mm of column). In this case we had an equation that can be used to estimate the sperm concentration based on the reading of espermatocrit. This study showed the feasibility of the equation to predict the sperm concentration based on the reading of spermatocrit. New data sets will be used to refine the model, obtaining a reading scale that allows the method to be used quickly and conveniently in practice.