cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE BIG-FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY: POSSIBLE STRUCTURE, BUT NO CONSENSUS WITHIN THE STRUCTURE'

Summary.-Preliminary analysis of Goldberg's clustered adjectives and dam from Activity Vector Analysis suggest five factors but some differences. Over the past decade or more much attention has been focused by personality theorists and psychometricians involved in the development of instruments for personality measurement on the "Big-five" factors of personality. The impetus for this movement originated with the earlier propositions of Norman (1963, 1967). More recently, Goldberg (1990) conducted three separate studies involving the Norman (1967) trait adjectives grouped into synonym clusters of behaviorally descriptive adjectives and terms. In one of these studies 479 trait adjectives were administered to 192 university undergraduate students who were asked for self-description on a 9-point scale. Principal Component Analysis with orthogonal (varimax) rotation yielded five bipolar components for 100 of these synonym clusters. The author, uthzing data available on 396 behaviorally descriptive adjectives employed in the development of the 1975 Form D and the 1982 Form E of Activity Vector Analysis (AVA), compared the structure components between these two data sets, based on 80 commonly shared adjectives. Preliminary analysis suggests some substantial similarities between Goldberg's factor pole clusters and the AVA vectors; however, there were also some remarkable differences. These discrepancies were not primarily with regard to the "Big-five" factor structure but rather with respect to the content within each of the five components, their labeling, and interpretation. These findings are consistent with those most recently reported by several personality mood investigators who state that there is still a lack of consensus of what constitutes the structure of the "Big five." A full report wd be prepared for publication.
syn‐2,4‐Bis(4‐methoxy­benzyl­idene)‐trans‐1,3‐dithexyl‐2,4‐diaza‐1,3‐diboracyclo­butane

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C28H44B2N2O2, the square-planar B2N2 ring is slightly puckered. One of the thexyl groups exhibits disorder over two positions. The site occupancies for the disordered thexyl groups refined to 0.611 (4) and 0.389 (4).
3D surface image analysis for fracture modeling of cement-based materials

The texture and exposed phases of a fracture surface are direct evidence of the mechanical behavior of a cement-based material. Deflection, microcracking and bridging are toughening mechanisms involved in fracture of brittle matrices that affect surface roughness. This study measures crack deflection and branching using 3D surface measurement techniques with confocal laser microscopy of mechanically fractured mortar prisms and 3D stereo pair microscopy of mechanically fractured plain concrete prisms. Image analysis techniques were used to identify phase composition and out-of-surface crack branching from profiles of cracks intruded with a low melting-point alloy. The resulting data was the basis for a micromechanical model to relate surface and phase data and the measured fracture energy to the increase in energy with respect to fracture of the matrix independent from the composite behavior.
Autonomous exploration using multiple sources of information

Enables robot explorers to maximize the total information gained while minimizing costs such as driving, sensing and planning. The paper presents a general methodology for solving complex exploration tasks which employs multiple sources of information. The paper also develops a specific instantiation of the method to solve the exploration problem of creating a complete traversability map of an known region. Simulation results showing the solution of this exploration task are included.
Study on Log-Based Change Data Capture and Handling Mechanism in Real-Time Data Warehouse

This paper proposes a framework of change data capture and data extraction, which captures changed data based on the log analysis and processes the captured data further to improve the quality of data. Then processed data are pushed to a data queue and the system processes the data queue using priority-based scheduling algorithm. Ultimately processed data are loaded to real-time data warehouse to support decision analysis. After analysis of a test case, this method can capture all changed data coming from the source data in time without changing the structure of the source system, and has a little impact on system performance to the source system. In addition, the real-time scheduling algorithm can effectively improve the data quality and data freshness of the real-time data warehouse to give a better data support for business's routine tactical decision.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog attenuates angiotensin II hypertension and kidney injury.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) contribute to blood pressure regulation leading to the concept that EETs can be therapeutically targeted for hypertension and the associated end-organ damage. In the present study, we investigated anti-hypertensive and kidney protective actions of an EET analog, EET-B in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. EET-B was administered in drinking water for 14 days (10mg/kg/d) and resulted in a decreased blood pressure elevation in ANG II hypertension. At the end of the two-week period, blood pressure was 30 mmHg lower in EET analog-treated ANG II hypertensive rats. The vasodilation of mesenteric resistance arteries to acetylcholine was impaired in ANG II hypertension; however, it was improved with EET-B treatment. Further, EET-B protected the kidney in ANG II hypertension as evidenced by a marked 90% decrease in albuminuria and 54% decrease in nephrinuria. Kidney histology demonstrated a decrease in renal tubular cast formation in EET analog-treated hypertensive rats. In ANG II hypertension, EET-B treatment markedly lowered renal inflammation. Urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion was decreased by 55% and kidney macrophage infiltration was reduced by 52% with EET-B treatment. Overall, our results demonstrate that EET-B has anti-hypertensive properties, improves vascular function, and decreases renal inflammation and injury in ANG II hypertension.
Gate-self-aligned n-channel and p-channel germanium MOSFETs

Summary form only given. Gate-self-aligned germanium MOSFETs were fabricated. By gate-self-aligned it is meant that the gate is used as the mask structure for the ion implantation that forms heavily doped source and drain regions (previous self-aligned Ge MOSFETs used a dummy-gate process). A germanium oxynitride gate-dielectric was used to fabricate n- and p-channel germanium inversion-mode MOSFETs with transconductances >100 mS/mm at room temperature at a gate length of 0.6 mu m for both n- and p-channel devices. >
Linking open course wares and open education resources: creating an effective search and recommendation system

With a growing number of digital libraries and other open education repositories being made available, open education specific recommender and search tools play an important role in helping teachers and learners find relevant resources. This paper discusses the design and evaluation of Folksemantic, a system that integrates OpenCourseWare search, Open Educational Resource “more like this” recommendations, and personalized recommendation functionality into a single open source project. Ongoing research is described.
Improved heat-sink design for coherent laser arrays

A heat sink with a cap whose lateral dimensions match the width of a laser array will remarkably improve the temperature uniformity in the array facilitating phase-locked operation.
Promoting Positive Attitudes of Kindergarten-Age Children toward People with Disabilities:

This study examined the effects of contact, books, and discussions on the attitudes of kindergarten-age children toward people with disabilities. Children in the high-contact group participated in a program designed to promote acceptance of people with disabilities; the low-contact group had incidental contact with children with disabilities; the no-contact group had neither direct nor indirect contact with children with disabilities. At pretest, all participants had low levels of acceptance of people with disabilities. At posttest, significant gains in levels of acceptance were found only in the high-contact group. The program appears to be an effective strategy for promoting acceptance of people with disabilities.
N-Level Diskless Checkpointing

Diskless checkpointing is an efficient technique to tolerate a small number of processor failures in large parallel and distributed systems. In literature, a simultaneous failure of no more than N processors is often tolerated by using a one-level Reed-Solomon checkpointing scheme for N simultaneous processor failures, whose overhead often increases quickly as N increases. In this paper, we study an N-level diskless checkpointing scheme to reduce the overhead for tolerating a simultaneous failure of no more than N processors by layering the schemes for a simultaneous failure of i processors, where i = 1, 2, . . . ,N. Simulation results indicate the proposed N-level diskless checkpointing scheme achieves lower fault tolerance overhead than the one-level Reed-Solomon checkpointing scheme for N simultaneous processor failures.
Multihop scatternet formation for Bluetooth networks

This paper describes a new protocol for the establishment of multihop ad hoc networks based on Bluetooth devices. The proposed solution is specification compatible, and achieves the following desirable properties, only a few of which are available in previous solutions. The protocol is executed at each node with no prior knowledge of the network topology, thus being fully distributed. The selection of the Bluetooth masters is driven by the suitability of a node to be the "best fit" for serving as a master. The generated topology (a scatternet, according to the Bluetooth terminology) is a connected mesh with multiple paths between any pair of nodes, thus achieving robustness. In contrast to existing protocols, the proposed solution does not assume any designated device to start the scatternet formation process and it is multihop in the precise sense that there is no requirement for each node to be in the transmission range of all the other nodes (one-hop networks).
Directed Evolution and Substrate Specificity Profile of Homing Endonuclease I-SceI

The laboratory evolution of enzymes with tailor-made DNA cleavage specificities would represent new tools for manipulating genomes and may enhance our understanding of sequence-specific DNA recognition by nucleases. Below we describe the development and successful application of an efficient in vivo positive and negative selection system that applies evolutionary pressure either to favor the cleavage of a desired target sequence or to disfavor the cleavage of nontarget sequences. We also applied a previously described in vitro selection method to reveal the comprehensive substrate specificity profile of the wild-type I-SceI homing endonuclease. Together these tools were used to successfully evolve mutant I-SceI homing endonucleases with altered DNA cleavage specificities. The most highly evolved enzyme cleaves the target mutant DNA sequence with a selectivity that is comparable to wild-type I-SceI's preference for its cognate substrate.
On the Molecular Etiology of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is genetically heterogeneous and is usually sporadic, occurring approximately once per 10,000 births. CdLS individuals display diverse and variable deficits in growth, mental development, limbs, and organs. In the past few years it has been shown that CdLS is caused by gene mutations affecting proteins involved in sister chromatid cohesion. Studies in model organisms, and more recently in human cells, have revealed, somewhat unexpectedly, that the developmental deficits in CdLS likely arise from changes in gene expression. The mechanisms by which cohesion factors regulate gene expression remain to be elucidated, but current data suggest that they likely regulate transcription in multiple ways.
Mid- and late-life divorce and parents’ perceptions of emerging adult children’s emotional reactions

A paucity of research exists pertaining to the experiences of emerging adult children in the context of parental divorce. This study uses Paul R. Amato’s divorce-stress-adjustment framework to organize a set of predictors that potentially influence parents’ perceptions of their emerging adult children’s emotional reactions to a divorce. Data come from a nationally representative AARP study, from which we analyzed a sample of 283 parents who experienced a divorce at age 40 years or older. Results indicate that parental gender, nature of contact with the ex-partner, divorce timing, time spent contemplating divorce, a history of parental divorce, and the reason for divorce influence parents’ perceptions of their emerging adult children’s reaction to the divorce. Implications, limitations, and future direction for research are discussed.
A Prospective Multicenter Study of Competency Metrics and Educational Interventions in the Learning of Bronchoscopy Among New Pulmonary Fellows

Background Learning medical procedures relies predominantly on the apprenticeship model, and competency is established based on the number of performed procedures. Our study aimed to establish bronchoscopy competency metrics based on performance and enhanced learning with educational interventions. Methods We conducted a prospective study of the acquisition of bronchoscopy skills and cognitive knowledge in two successive cohorts of new pulmonary fellows between July 5, 2006, and June 30, 2008. At prespecified milestones, validated tools were used for testing: the Bronchoscopy Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool (BSTAT), an objective evaluation of bronchoscopy skills with scores ranging from 0 to 24, and written multiple-choice questions examinations. The first cohort received training in bronchoscopy as per the standards set by each institution, whereas the second cohort received educational interventions, including training in simulation bronchoscopy and an online bronchoscopy curriculum. Results There was significant variation among study participants in bronchoscopy skills at their 50th bronchoscopy, the minimum number previously set to achieve competency in bronchoscopy. An educational intervention of incorporating simulation bronchoscopy enhanced the speed of acquisition of bronchoscopy skills, as shown by the statistically significant improvement in mean BSTAT scores for seven of the eight milestone bronchoscopies (P Conclusions Performance-based competency metrics can be used to evaluate bronchoscopy skills. Educational interventions, such as simulation-based training, accelerated the acquisition of bronchoscopy skills among first-year pulmonary fellows as assessed by a validated objective assessment tool.
DYNAMIC ASSET ALLOCATION AND CONSUMPTION CHOICE IN INCOMPLETE MARKETS

We study the optimal investment and consumption problem of a CRRA investor when the drift and volatility of the stock are driven by a correlated factor. The myopic and non-myopic components of the optimal portfolio process are characterised in terms of the market price of traded and non-traded risk of the minimax martingale measure. We find that the optimal policies depend crucially on the nature of the agent, aggressive versus conservative, and the market incompleteness, improving versus deteriorating investment opportunities. Furthermore, we show that the original problem cannot be decomposed into a pure consumption and a pure terminal wealth problem, unless the market is complete.
Commentary: will analyzing the epigenome yield cohesive principles of ethanol teratology?

This commentary discusses the impact of the manuscript by Zhou et al., titled "Alcohol Alters DNA Methylation Patterns and Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Differentiation," published in the April 2011 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (volume 35, issue 4, pages 1-12). In this manuscript, the authors present intriguing evidence from a genome scale analysis of promoter DNA methylation patterns in a class of neural crest stem cells associated with dorsal root ganglia, showing that ethanol essentially prevents epigenetic programming associated with neural stem cell differentiation. This manuscript presents several interesting and novel pieces of data and raises important questions for future research. The implications of these data for our understanding of the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are discussed.
Beak trimming and sex effects on behavior and performance traits of large white turkeys.

Abstract The effects of beak trimming at day old on performance and behavioral activities of male and female Large White turkeys were evaluated. One hundred and twenty poults of each sex were evenly assigned to 20 treatment pens and evaluated for body weight, feed usage, and livability characteristics to 18 wk of age. Behavioral observations were conducted for feeding, drinking, sleeping, huddling, resting, and agonistic activities. Beak trimming affected body weight and feed usage levels for the sexes differently. From 6 wk, trimmed males were significantly heavier than untrimmed males, whereas untrimmed females were heavier than trimmed females from 12 wk. Similar to body weights, feed usage levels from 13 to 18 wk were higher for trimmed males compared with untrimmed males and lower for trimmed females compared with untrimmed females. Feed conversion ratios after 12 wk and survival to 18 wk were not affected by trimming treatment. Livability rates, however, were lowest for untrimmed males and highest for untrimmed females. Effects on behavioral activities were confined primarily to the brooding and early rearing phases. Beak trimming reduced feeding activity of females and drinking activity of both males and females during the first 2 wk. Sleeping, huddling, and resting activities were increased by beak trimming for both sexes during brooding. Agonistic acts were reduced by beak trimming main effect at 3 and 6 wk. Trimmed males committed fewer agonistic acts at 6 wk than untrimmed males.
2007 Kneller Lecture, AESA Getting Lost: Social Science and/as Philosophy

This article probes how philosophical structures are immanent in empirical work and how philosophy might be understood when it is within the precincts of science. My interest is in both opening philosophy to disruption by a science that knows itself as inside history and opening science to the costs of its inability to tolerate the necessary lack in any determinism. Against the more typical focus on how philosophy provides the reason of science, here the task is to rethink the relation between empirical work and philosophy in a way that posits an engagement with not knowing as an ethical and political move. The goal of such a project is a double(d) science that works the necessary tensions that structure contemporary social science as fertile ground for the production of new practices where theoretical complexities are used as tools to make a material difference in terms of “what works” in the public interest.
A tutorial on MPEG/audio compression

This tutorial covers the theory behind MPEG/audio compression. While lossy, the algorithm can often provide "transparent", perceptually lossless compression, even with factors of 6-to-1 or more. It exploits the perceptual properties of the human auditory system. The article also covers the basics of psychoacoustic modeling and the methods the algorithm uses to compress audio data with the least perceptible degradation. >
TAp63 is a master transcriptional regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism

TAp63 prevents premature aging, suggesting a link to genes that regulate longevity. Further characterization of TAp63-/- mice revealed that these mice develop obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance similar to those seen in mice lacking two key metabolic regulators, Silent information regulator T1 (Sirt1) and AMPK. While the roles of Sirt1 and AMPK in metabolism have been well studied, their upstream regulators are not well understood. We found that TAp63 is important in regulating energy metabolism by accumulating in response to metabolic stress and transcriptionally activating Sirt1, AMPKα2, and LKB1, resulting in increased fatty acid synthesis and decreased fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, we found that TAp63 lowers blood glucose levels in response to metformin. Restoration of Sirt1, AMPKα2, and LKB1 in TAp63-/- mice rescued some of the metabolic defects of the TAp63-/- mice. Our study defines a role for TAp63 in metabolism and weight control.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF FOSSIL NEOTROPICAL ELECTRIC FISHES (OSTEICHTHYES: GYMNOTIFORMES) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF BOLIVIA

Abstract Fossil specimens of Neotropical gymnotiform electric fishes from the Yecua Formation (Upper Miocene, Parana basin, Bolivia) are analyzed in the context of a comprehensive study of gymnotiform relationships. Each fossil is analyzed individually and placed in the phylogeny according to characters it actually possesses. Some of the fossils previously referred to Humboldtichthys kirschbaumi can be identified only as Gymnotiformes incertae sedis, others as incertae sedis within recognized suprageneric gymnotiform taxa. The holotype of H. kirschbaumi shares the presence of a striated opercle with some extant species of Sternopygus and Distocyclus and can be placed in the Recent gymnotiform family Sternopygidae; H. kirschbaumi is diagnosed by the presence of a deeply striated opercle in which the striations extend between the dorsal and ventral opercular ridge fields. The analysis indicates the presence of several taxa among the fossil material. The presence of a multispecies assemblage is not uncommon ...
The Use of Online Pre-Lab Assessments Compared with Written Pre-Lab Assignments Requiring Experimental Result Prediction Shows No Difference in Student Performance.

Exam performance was compared for students who hand wrote questions designed to prepare them for daily lab activities in a senior level virology laboratory course versus those who answered questions created to mirror the written questions on-line. No significant difference was noted in exam scores on any of the three midterms, written final exam, nor the practical exam. Neither was there a significant difference in the quality of the laboratory reports turned in as evidenced by similar average scores over four years. These results indicate that using online pre-labs to prepare students for the laboratory sessions leads to equivalent learning as answering handwritten pre-lab assignments. Online pre-labs significantly reduced the amount of grading without reducing student learning, allowing a reduction in the number of teaching assistants required per section.
Time-reversal invariant SU(2 ) Hofstadter problem in three-dimensional lattices

We formulate the three-dimensional $\text{SU}(2)$ Landau level problem in cubic lattices with time-reversal invariance. By taking a Landau-type $\text{SU}(2)$ gauge, the system can be reduced into one dimension, as characterized by the $\text{SU}(2)$ generalization of the usual Harper equations with a periodic spin-dependent gauge potential. The surface spectra indicate the spatial separation of helical states with opposite eigenvalues of a lattice helicity operator. The band topology is investigated from both the analysis of the boundary helical Fermi surfaces and the calculation of the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ index based on the bulk wave functions. The transition between a three-dimensional weak topological insulator to a strong one is studied as varying the anisotropy of hopping parameters.
Comparison of patient-specific instruments with standard surgical instruments in determining glenoid component position: a randomized prospective clinical trial.

Background: Glenoid component malposition for anatomic shoulder replacement may result in complications. The purpose of this study was to define the efficacy of a new surgical method to place the glenoid component. Methods: Thirty-one patients were randomized for glenoid component placement with use of either novel three-dimensional computed tomographic scan planning software combined with patient-specific instrumentation (the glenoid positioning system group), or conventional computed tomographic scan, preoperative planning, and surgical technique, utilizing instruments provided by the implant manufacturer (the standard surgical group). The desired position of the component was determined preoperatively. Postoperatively, a computed tomographic scan was used to define and compare the actual implant location with the preoperative plan. Results: In the standard surgical group, the average preoperative glenoid retroversion was −11.3° (range, −39° to 17°). In the glenoid positioning system group, the average glenoid retroversion was −14.8° (range, −27° to 7°). When the standard surgical group was compared with the glenoid positioning system group, patient-specific instrumentation technology significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average deviation of implant position for inclination and medial-lateral offset. Overall, the average deviation in version was 6.9° in the standard surgical group and 4.3° in the glenoid positioning system group. The average deviation in inclination was 11.6° in the standard surgical group and 2.9° in the glenoid positioning system group. The greatest benefit of patient-specific instrumentation was observed in patients with retroversion in excess of 16°; the average deviation was 10° in the standard surgical group and 1.2° in the glenoid positioning system group (p < 0.001). Preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation use resulted in a significant improvement in the selection and use of the optimal type of implant and a significant reduction in the frequency of malpositioned glenoid implants. Conclusions: Novel three-dimensional preoperative planning, coupled with patient and implant-specific instrumentation, allows the surgeon to better define the preoperative pathology, select the optimal implant design and location, and then accurately execute the plan at the time of surgery. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Abstract 3193: NPV-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) inhibits human prostate cancer stem cell growth in NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice by regulating Bmi-1 and microRNA-128.

Prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined by their extensive self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation properties. It is now clear that CSCs are involved in tumor growth and recurrence, and resistance to conventional treatments. Thus, the strategy that suppresses stemness and consequently tumorigenic potential of CSCs could be considered for the management of prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which NPV-LDE-225 / Erismodegib (smoothened inhibitor) regulates stem cell characteristics in prostate cancer. Effects of NPV-LDE-225 on CSC9s viability, sphere formation, apoptosis, transcriptional activity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured. NPV-LDE-225 inhibited cell viability and spheroid formation, and induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. NPV-LDE-225 induced expression of Bax and Bak, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2 and survivin. NPV-LDE-225 inhibited Gli transcriptional activity, Gli-DNA interaction, and the expression of Gli1, Gli2, Patched1 and Patched 2 in prostate CSCs. Interestingly, NPV-LDE-225 induced PDCD4 and apoptosis and inhibited cell viability by suppressing miR-21. Furthermore, NPV-LDE-225 inhibited pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Oct4, cMyc and Sox-2. The inhibition of Bmi-1 by NPV-LDE-225 was regulated by up-regulation of miR-128. NPV-LDE-225 suppressed EMT by up-regulating E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin, Snail, Slug and Zeb1 through regulating miR-200 family. Finally, NPV-LDE-225 inhibited CSC tumor growth which was associated with the suppression of Gli1, Gli2, Patched-1, Patched-2, Cyclin D1 and PCNA, and cleaved caspase-3 and PARP in tumor tissues derived from NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway in CSCs is a potential therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rajesh Nanta, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava. NPV-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) inhibits human prostate cancer stem cell growth in NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice by regulating Bmi-1 and microRNA-128. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3193. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3193
Ascent Flight Control and Structural Interaction for the Ares-I Crew Launch Vehicle

Flight control system design for flexible launch vehicles is a challenging endeavor due to the complex interaction between the flight control system and the many and varied vehicle dynamics phenomena. Of particular concern is the controllability of the Ares-I Crew Launch Vehicle (Ares-I) since it is a strikingly long, slender, and aerodynamically unstable vehicle. The resultant large negative static margin and low frequency bending modes suggest a potential for interaction between the ascent flight control system and the structural dynamics of the vehicle. In light of these potential destabilizing interactions, the ability to reliably control the vehicle is recognized as an Ares-I program risk. Preliminary analysis and engineering judgment based on a legacy of flight experience and the current engineering practice indicate that this risk can be reliably mitigated with the present state of the art in flight control systems technology. This paper is aimed at documenting the challenges associated with Ares-I flight control and demonstrating that the preliminary design results indicate that these challenges will be met. Toward that end, this paper will address historical lessons in launch vehicle flight control systems from the Apollo Program; present challenges in the NASA Exploration Launch Program; and suggest potential fruitful directions in advanced control systems and mode suppression technology for the next generation of launch vehicles.
Task-driven Adaptive Sensing on Quadrupole Mass Filter Systems for Classification

An information-theoretical adaptive sensing and classification framework is proposed for Quadrupole mass filter systems. Simulation results demonstrate significant reduction in number of measurement and improvement of classification accuracy using the adaptive approach compared with baselines.
Investigation and Analysis on Infectious and Common Diseases in Primary and secondary school students of SuiZhou

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of infectious and common diseases among primary and secondary school students,and provide basis for developing of preventive and control measures.[Methods]Students in the primary and secondary school were sampled to carry on health examination,operation and evaluation was based on "Instruction and Specification for Annual Report of School Health Situation ".[Results]The prevalence of HBsAg positive,tuberculosis,trachoma,poor vision,malnutrition,overweight,fat,caries,and leukotrichia was 7.55 %,0.16 %,56.15%,85.31%,30.12%,4.85%,2.87%,16.59% and 5.64%,respectively.The incidence of HBsAg positive,trachoma,poor eyesight,and dental caries among female students were more than those of male students,the comparison results wereχ2=36.30,P0.01;χ2=51.43,P0.01;χ2=27.29,P0.01.The incidence of obesity and leukotrichia among male students were more than those of female students,the comparison results were χ2=8.48,P0,01;χ2=33.54,P0.01.[Conclusion]To strengthen health awareness among students,to strengthen the education of related diseases,common diseases and frequently encountered disease,and to enhance the self-care ability are the important measures for prevention and control of common diseases in primary and secondary students
Hypernatremia in the elderly

Hypernatremia is common in elderly persons, who may present with signs that are easily overlooked. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy can sometimes lead to a remarkable recovery. To avoid cerebral edema, rehydration must be accomplished gradually over 48 to 72 hours. The recommended replacement for the first 24 hours is approximately 30 percent of the estimated water loss.
Wet deposition fluxes of cosmogenic32P and33P and variations in the33P/32P ratios at Bermuda

Abstract A study was undertaken to quantify the supply of cosmogenic 32 P (halflife 14.3 days) and 33 P (halflife 25.3 days) on the island of Bermuda in order to use the natural radioisotopes as tracers of the phosphorus biodynamic in the ocean. The activities of 32 P and 33 P were measured in individual precipitation events over a 1 yr period in 1991–1992 at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research (32° 30′N, 64° 40′W). For the first time, wet deposition rates were determined at a marine site and averaged 8.6 ± 1.5 × 10 −2 dpm cm −2 yr −1 for 32 P and 8.2 ± 2.0 × 10 −2 dpm cm −2 yr −1 for 33 P. The 33 P/ 32 P activity ratios in individual precipitation events were found to be remarkably constant, ranging from 0.66 to 1.22. The monthly means of the activity ratio in rainwater showed variations about the annual mean of 0.96. Higher ratios were observed during the combined period March–April 1991 and January–March 1992, contrasting with the lower ratios found during July–November 1991. The individual rain samples of the two contrasting periods belonged to two different populations with mean activity ratios of 1.02 and 0.89 for the high and low ratio period, respectively. The activity ratios in individual precipitation events allowed determinations of the mean irradiation period based on a simple non-steady-state model. The deduced irradiation periods averaged 27 days in the July–November 1991 period and 50 days in the combined March–June 1991 and January–March 1992 period, assuming a well-mixed trophosphere, efficient scavenging of the aerosols and a 33 P/ 32 P activity ratio of 0.7 for the ratio of the tropospheric production rates. The annual average irradiation time was estimated at 40 days, consistent with the calculation of the aerosol residence time in the upper troposphere. Furthermore, the tropospheric production rates of 32 P and 33 P were determined from the ratios, wet deposition rates, and aerosol residence time, and were consistent within the range of previously published estimates.
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is an under-diagnosed disease with profound lifelong morbidity. Early recognition is essential so that disease modifying therapies (DMT) can be started and can slow the rate of injury to the brain and spinal cord. This review aims to explore the emerging genetic and environmental risk factors for developing this multiphasic, demyelinating disease. We will also review the clinical and imaging findings of patients with MS, and we will discuss acute management of attacks as well as the newest options in chronic immunomodulatory therapies. Our understanding of the etiology of MS is expanding exponentially, although no single cause has emerged to date. In fact, recent studies have revealed that there is an increasingly complex path to developing MS. We will discuss the role of environmental influences including early viral exposure, Vitamin D levels, and the influence of the gut microbiome. Newer classes of DMTs target novel components of the immune response in an attempt to recalibrate the delicate autoimmunity-immune response balance. Pediatric MS results from a complicated genetic and environmental interplay and requires a long-term immunomodulation in order to minimize accumulating, permanent damage to the central nervous system, and worsening lifelong disability.
Influence of combustion-originated dioxins in atmospheric deposition on water quality of an urban river in Japan

Abstract Bulk (wet and dry) deposition samples were collected in Saitama Prefecture, Japan throughout a year (February 8, 2012 to February 7, 2013) to estimate the influence of dioxins emitting from waste incinerators on river water quality. The annual deposition flux of dioxins was 3.3 ng-toxic equivalent (TEQ)/m 2 /year. Source identification using indicative congeners estimated that 82% of dioxin TEQ in the bulk deposition (2.7 ng-TEQ/m 2 /year) was combustion-originated, indicating that most of the dioxins in the deposition were derived from waste incinerators. In Saitama prefecture the annual flux of combustion-originated dioxins in depositions was apparently consistent with that of dioxin emission into the air from waste incinerators. The TEQ of combustion-originated dioxins in the deposition per rainfall was 2.4 pg-TEQ/L on annual average, exceeding the environmental quality standard (EQS) for water in Japan of 1 pg-TEQ/L. This suggests there is a possibility that dioxins in atmospheric deposition have a significant influence on the water quality of urban rivers which rainwater directly flows into because of many paved areas in the basins. The influence of combustion-originated dioxin in the deposition on the water quality of Ayase River, an urban river heavily polluted with dioxins, was estimated at 0.29 pg-TEQ/L on annual average in 2015. It seems that dioxins in atmospheric deposition from waste incinerators have a significant influence on water quality of some urban rivers via rainwater though the dioxins in the ambient air have achieved the EQS for atmosphere at all monitoring sites in Japan.
Identification of SNPs associated with muscle yield and quality traits using allelic-imbalance analyses of pooled RNA-Seq samples in rainbow trout

Coding/functional SNPs change the biological function of a gene and, therefore, could serve as “large-effect” genetic markers. In this study, we used two bioinformatics pipelines, GATK and SAMtools, for discovering coding/functional SNPs with allelic-imbalances associated with total body weight, muscle yield, muscle fat content, shear force, and whiteness. Phenotypic data were collected for approximately 500 fish, representing 98 families (5 fish/family), from a growth-selected line, and the muscle transcriptome was sequenced from 22 families with divergent phenotypes (4 low- versus 4 high-ranked families per trait). GATK detected 59,112 putative SNPs; of these SNPs, 4798 showed allelic imbalances (>2.0 as an amplification and <0.5 as loss of heterozygosity). SAMtools detected 87,066 putative SNPs; and of them, 4962 had allelic imbalances between the low- and high-ranked families. Only 1829 SNPs with allelic imbalances were common between the two datasets, indicating significant differences in algorithms. The two datasets contained 7930 non-redundant SNPs of which 4439 mapped to 1498 protein-coding genes (with 6.4% non-synonymous SNPs) and 684 mapped to 295 lncRNAs. Validation of a subset of 92 SNPs revealed 1) 86.7–93.8% success rate in calling polymorphic SNPs and 2) 95.4% consistent matching between DNA and cDNA genotypes indicating a high rate of identifying SNPs with allelic imbalances. In addition, 4.64% SNPs revealed random monoallelic expression. Genome distribution of the SNPs with allelic imbalances exhibited high density for all five traits in several chromosomes, especially chromosome 9, 20 and 28. Most of the SNP-harboring genes were assigned to important growth-related metabolic pathways. These results demonstrate utility of RNA-Seq in assessing phenotype-associated allelic imbalances in pooled RNA-Seq samples. The SNPs identified in this study were included in a new SNP-Chip design (available from Affymetrix) for genomic and genetic analyses in rainbow trout.
Phase-transformation-induced lubrication of earthquake sliding

Frictional failure is not possible at depth in Earth, hence earthquakes deeper than 30–50 km cannot initiate by overcoming dry friction. Moreover, the frequency distribution of earthquakes with depth is bimodal, suggesting another change of mechanism at about 350 km. Here I suggest that the change at 30–50 km is from overcoming dry friction to reduction of effective stress by dehydration embrittlement and that the change at 350 km is due to desiccation of slabs and initiation by phase-transformation-induced faulting. High-speed friction experiments at low pressure indicate that exceeding dry friction provokes shear heating that leads to endothermic reactions and pronounced weakening. Higher-pressure studies show nanocrystalline gouge accompanying dehydration and the highest pressure experiments initiate by exothermic polymorphic phase transformation. Here I discuss the characteristic nanostructures of experiments on high-speed friction and high-pressure faulting and show that all simulated earthquake systems yield very weak transformation-induced lubrication, most commonly nanometric gouge or melt. I also show that phase-transformation-induced faulting of olivine to spinel can propagate into material previously transformed to spinel, apparently by triggering melting analogous to high-speed friction studies at low pressure. These experiments taken as a whole suggest that earthquakes at all depths slide at low frictional resistance by a self-healing pulse mechanism with rapid strength recovery. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Faulting, friction and weakening: from slow to fast motion’.
Methemoglobinemia Due to Antifreeze Ingestion.

Ingestion of antifreeze in suicide attempts is typically assessed in the context of polyethylene glycol poisoning, but some antifreeze also contains nitrates and nitrites that are not noted on the bottle. In one such case, methemoglobinemia was detected and successfully treated.
Suprapubic catheter placement through ileal mesentery causes mechanical small bowel obstruction six years later in a female patient with turners syndrome.

Abstract Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) is a procedure performed to manage urinary retention when urethral catheterization is contraindicated or to improve the quality of life in cases such as neurogenic bladder. Although a simple procedure, it is associated with serious complications, increasing the morbidity and mortality. This case study demonstrates a delayed presentation of small bowel obstruction caused by a suprapubic catheter traversing through the ileal mesentery in a patient with no prior bowel surgeries. Few cases report this complication and this is possibly the first case to be reported six years after SPC placement.
Social Disorganization in Rural Communities

Social disorganization theory (SDT) utilized in this chapter to demonstrate the behavioral backlash of rural populations as a result of economic choices. Social disorganization theory links the association of high crime and violence rates to ecological structures in the environment. Widely used in urban settings, the behaviors of rural community members is of central importance to this chapter and the utility of SDT. In communities where social disorganization is evident, there is a lack of capacity in its members to solve problems jointly in their shared environment due to ethnic diversity or residential instability. As this theory is explored, other social issues are examined, including urban and rural crime, and the capitalism effect in the criminal justice system.
A Changing Political Theology

In the year 2000, diary documents were found in Afghanistan that either belonged to Osama bin Laden or to someone very close to him (Haykel et al., Saudi Arabia in transition: insights on social, political, economic and religious change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015, p. 138). Included are a number of questions addressed to bin Laden, which focus on oil and the “Jewish-Crusader invasion of the Muslim countries” seeking to control the oil. The questions were posed in the context of there being enough oil to create greater equality in the Muslim world. The maths was made simple. If the Muslim world produces 30 million barrels a day at $150 a barrel, that would create revenue totaling $4.5 billion per day, which when divided among the 1.2 billion estimated number of Muslims globally would lead to giving $3.75 per day to every Muslim and the average Muslim family, averaging 8 in number, an income of $30 daily. This is how the issue was framed in a simple economic calculus between the oil revenue and the social output, and the resentment has been the feeding ground for Muslims around the world. This social disconnect, and the intrusion of hard economic realities drew supporters who felt alienated and lost in the declining welfare theocracy of Saudi and elsewhere. One reporter recorded an assessment on the 9/11 hijackers offered by a Saudi official: “The hijackers were a direct product of our social failures—a generation with no sense of what work entails, raised in a system that operated as a welfare state,” a high-ranking government official told me. “We allowed them to grow up in pampered emptiness, until they turned to the bin Laden extremists in an effort to find themselves.” Saudis claim that al Qaeda deliberately fills its ranks with the kingdom’s alienated young. Bin Laden’s goal, they believe, is to topple the Saudi royal family, partly by convincing the West that its principal source of oil is fatally infected with extremism. (http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/features/world/asia/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-text/2)
New Dimensions in Testimony. Interactive 3-D exhibit

New Dimensions in Testimony. Interactive 3-D exhibit. Institute for Visual History and Education, Shoah Foundation, University of Southern California. https://sfi.usc.edu/collections/holocaust/ndt....
An empirically benchmarked human reliability analysis of general aviation

Abstract A Human Reliability Analysis of general aviation is empirically benchmarked, using Probabilistic Risk Assessment methods and historical accident rate data. The analysis posits three types of pilot actions, namely Knowledge-based, Rule-based, and Skill-based, each with a nominal human error probability treated as an unknown parameter. Various performance shaping factors are treated as known multipliers to these probabilities in quantifying pilot-related accident sequence equations. The equations are aligned with accident frequencies reported in a general aviation safety database, which includes nearly one thousand accidents in over twenty million flights annually. These equations are then solved for values of the three variables, thereby establishing an empirical basis for the assumed types of actions and associated performance shaping factors. The resulting model, benchmarked against retrospective data, is also used in prospective fashion to quantify the ergonomic impacts and safety benefits of a prototype system that provides pilots with cognitive assistance in general aviation.
What Happens When the Division Algorithm “Almost” Works

Let K be any field. The division algorithm plays a key role in studying the basic algebraic structure of K[X]. While the division algorithm implies that all the ideals of K[X] are principal, we sho...