cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harmonic analysis of electric vehicle loadings on distribution system

With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EV) in this age, the power system is facing huge challenges of the high penetration rates of EVs charging stations. Therefore, a technical study of the impact of EVs charging on the distribution system is required. This paper is applied with PSCAD software and aimed to analyzing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) brought by Electric Vehicles charging stations in power systems. The paper starts with choosing IEEE34 node test feeder as the distribution system, building electric vehicle level two charging battery model and other four different testing scenarios: overhead transmission line and underground cable, industrial area, transformer and photovoltaic (PV) system. Then the statistic method is used to analyze different characteristics of THD in the plug-in transient, plug-out transient and steady-state charging conditions associated with these four scenarios are taken into the analysis. Finally, the factors influencing the THD in different scenarios are found. The analyzing results lead the conclusion of this paper to have constructive suggestions for both Electric Vehicle charging station construction and customers' charging habits.
ONCE Ideas Are Put Together: Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology, Adaptationism, Systems Biology, and Interdisciplinary

In the previous sections, I covered a wide range of different topics from numerous areas of biology and other scientific fields—from Aristotle’s discussions about whether or not plants have a “soul” to mathematical network theory employed in anatomical network analyses—that could be seen as disconnected from each other and from the main subject of this book and from ONCE.
Leveraging Psychological Capital during a Crisis: Churchill's Leadership during World War II

We utilize historical sources of Sir Winston Churchill’s leadership during World War II (WWII) to provide insight into how leaders may leverage positive psychological resources (PsyCap) to lead oth...
Quitting the Boss? The Role of Manager Influence Tactics and Employee Emotional Engagement in Voluntary Turnover:

Employees commonly cite their managers’ behavior as the primary reason for quitting their jobs. We sought to extend turnover research by investigating whether two commonly used influence tactics by...
Plugin-driven sensor modeling of remote sensing imaging systems

A new radiometry and design framework has been introduced in the latest Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation model (DIRSIG5) that allows for faster simulations while streamlining the generation of high-fidelity radiometric data. The same framework that allows for improved computational performance has also modularized simulation components to allow for extensive interchangeability based on simulation needs. This new framework includes several plugin interfaces that facilitate native and 3rd party extensions to the model. A sensor plugin and its interaction with the internal radiometry engine is described and then demonstrated by modeling systems with rolling shutters and time-delayed integration.
Sustainable fault management and error correction for next-generation main memories

As technology nodes continue to scale, main memories experience both increasing energy consumption as well as reliability challenges. In order to address rising failure rates due to problems with yield and runtime effects, such as crosstalk, due to process variation in small feature sizes, improved correction capabilities at the bit-level are increasingly essential. To address this challenge, we propose a sustainable approach to error correction in deeply scaled memories. In particular, we propose a novel area-efficient and sustainable fault map (SFaultMap) which targets holistic energy considerations to improve reliability while minimizing both operational and embodied energy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SFaultMap we conduct a sustain-ability study, based on holistic energy consumption, to evaluate under which scenarios different solutions should be employed. In all cases and scenarios with moderate to high fault rates, SFaultMap has reduced energy over Error Correcting Pointers (ECP) for a five year lifetime. Moreover, as fault rate increases, the indifference time for ECP to recover upfront manufacturing energy increases from years to decades.
A Family Service Agency in an Appalachian Community

Experimentation in controversial areas leads a voluntary agency to new relationships with poor clients who become participants in forming agency policies
Promoting Research to the Masses: Assessing the Impact of a Poster Walk

Poster sessions are often used to educate communities. In this paper, we describe a project in which students summarized research findings on child development issues in poster form and showcased their work to the campus community. Through a variety of assessments, we show that poster walk participants not only enjoyed the event but also became more knowledgeable about child development issues.
Prevention of Childhood Dysfunction

The mental health professional typically assists children in crisis situations, after an identified problem has arisen. The increasingly short supply of mental health workers leaves many of the service demands of children and their families unmet, however, and this method is no longer sufficient. An alternative model for service delivery is one o£ prevention. This strategy attempts to build mental health rather than repair dysfunctions. Just as the medical profession has shown that prevention plays a significant role in bringing epidemic diseases, such as diphtheria and smallpox, under control by early vaccination, so, too, can mental health problems be ameliorated by early intervention programs.
Some Short Examples Mapping Algorithms onto Networks

This chapter reviews a variety of problems for which networks would appear to be attractive. However, they do not have an obvious mapping onto some simple structure, in the way that near-neighbor perceptual processes map onto single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) arrays. Some are the problems that people have scarcely begun to formulate for networks. Therefore, these should be read for what they are—rough sketches that almost certainly would change beyond recognition during the process of precise formulation and programming for a network. Both a breadth-first and a heuristic-search program might be executed on an SIMD network and by a multiple instruction, multiple data network. The chapter also discusses searches for question-answering and database access. It presents searches through semantic memory nets. The straightforward way to handle semantic memory searches would be to assign each node in the semantic memory network to a different processor, with a link between processors wherever there is a link between semantic memory nodes.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives This study sought to assess the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in patients with coronary heart disease and preserved left ventricular (LV) function. Background The ACEIs have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI). However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the benefits of ACEIs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved LV systolic function. Methods An extensive search was performed to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials of ACEI use in patients with CAD and preserved LV systolic function. Of 61 potentially relevant articles screened, 6 trials met the inclusion criteria. They were reviewed to determine cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal MI, all-cause mortality, and revascularization rates. We performed random-effect model meta-analyses and quantified between-studies heterogeneity with I2. Results There were 16,772 patients randomized to ACEI and 16,728 patients randomized to placebo. Use of ACEIs was associated with a decrease in cardiovascular mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 0.96, p = 0.01), nonfatal MI (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94, p = 0.003), all-cause mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.94, p = 0.0003), and revascularization rates (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.00, p = 0.04). There was no significant between-studies heterogeneity. Treatment of 100 patients for an average duration of 4.4 years prevents either of the adverse outcomes (one death, or one nonfatal myocardial infarction, or one cardiovascular death or one coronary revascularization procedure). Conclusions The cumulative evidence provided by this meta-analysis shows a modest favorable effect of ACEIs on the outcome of patients with CAD and preserved LV systolic function.
Association of participation in a supplemental nutrition program with stillbirth by race, ethnicity, and maternal characteristics

Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) has been associated with lower risk of stillbirth. We hypothesized that such an association would differ by race/ethnicity because of factors associated with WIC participation that confound the association. We conducted a secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network’s population-based case-control study of stillbirths and live-born controls, enrolled at delivery between March 2006 and September 2008. Weighting accounted for study design and differential consent. Five nested models using multivariable logistic regression examined whether the WIC participation/stillbirth associations were attenuated after sequential adjustment for sociodemographic, health, healthcare, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Models also included an interaction term for race/ethnicity x WIC. In the final model, WIC participation was associated with lower adjusted odds (aOR) of stillbirth among non-Hispanic Black women (aOR: 0.34; 95% CI 0.16, 0.72) but not among non-Hispanic White (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.89, 3.20) or Hispanic women (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.52, 1.52). Contrary to our hypotheses, control for potential confounding factors did not explain disparate findings by race/ethnicity. Rather, WIC may be most beneficial to women with the greatest risk factors for stillbirth. WIC-eligible, higher-risk women who do not participate may be missing the potential health associated benefits afforded by WIC.
Development of Community Pharmacy Characteristics Questionnaire: Application of Cognitive Interviewing.

Background: A questionnaire specific to community pharmacy characteristics, such as staffing models for clinical activities and business operations, does not exist. As community pharmacy practice expands, it is important to characterize how pharmacies are changing for outcomes research. The aim of this study was to conduct cognitive interviewing with community pharmacists to gain feedback on the formatting, readability, and content of items measuring community pharmacy characteristics to develop such a questionnaire. Methods: National surveys and previously developed survey work were reviewed to identify the following question categories: business operations, human resource management, division of clinical responsibilities, technology, and enhanced services. Questions for each domain were drafted and assessed for applicability across different states and level of importance by researchers in 3 different states. Using the “think aloud” method of cognitive interviewing to evaluate clarity in instructions, question items and response entry, an iterative process was established that included 3 rounds of interviews with discussion and modifications made by the research team between each round. Results: A total of thirteen cognitive interviews across 3 rounds were conducted via telephone and lasted between 30 and 60 minutes. Time for participant pharmacists to complete the questionnaire ranged from 12 minutes to 30 minutes. The interviews revealed areas of ambiguity, and missing response options for the variety of business structures. The question categories with the most problematic items were business operations, human resource management, and division of clinical responsibilities. Conclusion: Using cognitive interviewing, a community pharmacy questionnaire focusing on operational characteristics was developed. Future research is warranted to test the organizational characteristics defined in this paper with a larger sample size representing multiple states. Article Type: Original Research
Out of control: reframing sustainable HCI using permaculture

Sustainable HCI research is often framed in terms of correction and control, such as designing persuasive technology to encourage individual behavior change or to optimize energy consumption. But as others have argued, correction and control-based approaches detach sustainable HCI from the sociotechnical realm, e.g., by oversimplifying the complexities of the social world and how they participate in unsustainable practices. Many agree that the sustainable HCI community needs to move beyond persuasion and behavior change-but how? In this paper, we introduce an alternative to the control paradigm. We turn to the philosophy of permaculture, which emphasizes working with nature rather than against it, as the control model does. Specifically, we present our fieldwork in contemporary agriculture in Taiwan, which experiments with permaculture-based approaches to agriculture, blending ancient traditions of farming with cutting edge technologies and philosophies. This work demonstrates how permaculture philosophy's alternative to the control model creates potential openings and new framings for sustainable HCI.
The role of drug courts in promoting desistance and recovery: a merging of therapy and accountability

Criminal behavior and substance abuse are closely connected and many offenders have substance use disorders and related problems. Reducing drug-related crime in this population requires attention t...
Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is a physiologically significant inhibitor of prothrombinase function

Current thought holds that factor Xa (FXa) bound in the prothrombinase complex is resistant to regulation by protein protease inhibitors during prothrombin activation. Here we provide evidence that, contrary to this view, the FXa-specific serpin inhibitor, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), complexed with its cofactor, protein Z (PZ), functions as a physiologically significant inhibitor of prothrombinase-bound FXa during prothrombin activation. Kinetics studies showed that the rapid rate of inhibition of FXa by the ZPI-PZ complex on procoagulant membrane vesicles (ka(app) ∼107 m−1 s−1) was decreased ∼10-fold when FXa was bound to FVa in prothrombinase and a further ∼3–4–fold when plasma levels of S195A prothrombin were present (ka(app) 2 × 105 m−1 s−1). Nevertheless, the ZPI-PZ complex produced a major inhibition of thrombin generation during prothrombinase-catalyzed activation of prothrombin under physiologically relevant conditions. The importance of ZPI-PZ complex anticoagulant regulation of FXa both before and after incorporation into prothrombinase was supported by thrombin generation assays in plasma. These showed enhanced thrombin generation when the inhibitor was neutralized with a PZ-specific antibody and decreased thrombin generation when exogenous ZPI-PZ complex was added whether prothrombin was activated directly by FXa or through extrinsic or intrinsic pathway activators. Moreover, the PZ antibody enhanced thrombin generation both in the absence and presence of activated protein C (APC) anticoagulant activity. Taken together, these results suggest an important anticoagulant role for the ZPI-PZ complex in regulating both free FXa generated in the initiation phase of coagulation as well as prothrombinase-bound FXa in the propagation phase that complement prothrombinase regulation by APC.
Regulation and function of α2-chimaerin, a diacylglycerol-responsive GAP for the small G-protein Rac

2801 The small GTPase Rac plays critical roles in the progression of cancer by modulating the actin cytoskeleton, cell cycle progression, migration, and metastasis. Rac inactivation is controlled by GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs), which accelerate GTP hydrolysis. Chimaerins are a family of Rac-GAP proteins that have a high affinity binding site (C1 domain) for the phorbol ester tumor promoters and the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). The β2-chimaerin isoform is down-regulated in breast cancer and gliomas and modulates proliferative and metastatic responses; however, very little is known about the role of other chimaerin isozymes in carcinogenesis. We have determined that α2-chimaerin, a member of the family that is highly expressed in human brain, is subject to translocation to the plasma membrane in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with an EC50 of 3.1 ± 0.2 μM, suggesting a lipid-mediated association with Rac in response to stimulation of receptors coupled to DAG generation. Based on the established model for protein kinase C (PKC) activation by phorbol esters and DAG, we speculated that the activation of α2-chimaerin requires a conformational change that exposes the C1 and the GAP domains. To address this issue we designed α2-chimaerin point mutants based on structural predictions that may disrupt the inactive (“closed”) conformation (W16A, L20A, Q24A, I122A, and I352A mutants). Subcellular fractionation and microscopy studies in COS-1 cells revealed that these mutants were constitutively localized to the plasma membrane. Rac-GTP pull-down assays revealed that these mutants have elevated Rac-GAP activity, suggesting that they may be locked in an “open” conformation in which lipid- and Rac-binding sites are exposed. Introducing an additional mutation in the α2-chimaerin C1 domain that confers reduced DAG/phorbol ester responsiveness (P216A) retains high Rac-GAP activity. To study the relevance of this Rac-GAP in nervous system tumor signaling we assessed its activity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the TrkA or TrkB receptors. Activation of these receptors with nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), respectively, cause a 3-fold elevation in Rac-GTP levels, with maximum activation at 3 min. Adenoviral delivery of α2-chimaerin into these cells greatly impaired Rac activation in response to the neurotrophins. Our results identified the Rac-GAP α2-chimaerin as a potential downstream modulator of neurotrophin responses that involve Rac activation and suggest that, like other DAG/phorbol ester-regulated proteins (PKC isozymes), it may require a significant conformational change to access and subsequently inactivate its target Rac.
The Other Exchange: Women, Servants and the Urban Underclass in Early Modern English Literature, by Denys Van Renen

Denys Van Renen argues against the prevailing view of marginalized Others—women, the middle and lower classes—in the early modern period. Instead, he posits in The Other Exchange that these groups ...
Impacts of deepwater horizon oil on fish

Abstract An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig in 2010 lead to the largest marine oil spill to occur in US history, resulting in significant impacts to the ecosystems and organisms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The present review sought to summarize and discuss findings from the 50+ peer-reviewed publications reporting effects of DWH oil exposure on teleost fish, and concludes that oil toxicity is a multi-target, multi-organ syndrome with substantial species-specific sensitivity differences. Of the 15 species tested with characterized exposures, 20% show effects at concentrations
Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among American Adults After the Economic Recession of 2008-2009: Insights from NHANES

Abstract Background The economic recession of 2008-2009 resulted in unprecedented employment and economic losses leading to deterioration of cardiovascular health. We examined the trends in ideal cardiovascular health as measured by the American Heart Association's (AHA's) Life's Simple 7 metric during the periods of economic recession and subsequent economic recovery. Methods Data on adults ages ≥20 years from the NHANES from economic-recession (2007-2010) and post-recession (2011-2016) periods was analyzed. The AHA's Life's Simple 7 score of 10-14 was used to classify ideal cardiovascular health status. Socioeconomic status was divided into 3 categories: high, middle, and low based on education and income status. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models including demographics, insurance status, health care access, and adjustment for multiple testing were used to analyze the trends in prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health across socioeconomic strata. Results We observed a decline in the multivariable-adjusted mean cardiovascular health score from 8.18 in 2007-2010 to 7.94 in 2015-2016 (Plinear = 0.02). This was primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of obesity (34% in 2007-2010 vs 41% in 2015-2016, Plinear = 0.005) and poor fasting glucose (8% in 2007-2010 vs 12% in 2015-2016, Plinear = 0.003). In multivariable-adjusted models, we observed the decreasing prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health with a nonlinear trend in the participants in the highest (51% in 2007-2010 vs 42% in 2015-2016, Pquadratic = 0.01) and lowest socioeconomic strata (16% in 2007-2010 vs 13% in 2015-2016, Pquadratic = 0.02). The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health was higher in participants with high-socioeconomic status compared with other socioeconomic status participants. Conclusions Despite economic recovery, ideal cardiovascular health metrics have not yet recovered. Cardiovascular health appears to be further deteriorating for US adults, particularly those in high- and lower-socioeconomic strata.
Association of Race and Ethnicity with Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes in a Universally Insured Population.

BACKGROUND Prior studies have documented racial and ethnic disparities in total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to assess whether racial/ethnic disparities in THA outcomes persist in a universally insured population of patients enrolled in an integrated health-care system. METHODS A U.S. health-care system total joint replacement registry was used to identify patients who underwent elective primary THA between 2001 and 2016. Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures, implant characteristics, and outcomes were obtained from the registry. The outcomes analyzed were lifetime revision (all-cause, aseptic, and septic) and 90-day postoperative events (infection, venous thromboembolism, emergency department [ED] visits, readmission, and mortality). Racial/ethnic differences in outcomes were analyzed with use of multiple regression with adjustment for socioeconomic status and other potential confounders. RESULTS Of 72,755 patients in the study, 79.1% were white, 8.2% were black, 8.5% were Hispanic, and 4.2% were Asian. Compared with white patients, lifetime all-cause revision was lower for black (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.94; p = 0.007), Hispanic (adjusted HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.87; p = 0.002), and Asian (adjusted HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.66; p < 0.001) patients. Ninety-day ED visits were more common among black (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.25; p = 0.002) and Hispanic patients (adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.28; p < 0.001). For all other postoperative events, minority patients had similar or lower rates compared with white patients. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to prior research, we found that minority patients enrolled in a managed health-care system had rates of lifetime reoperation and 90-day postoperative events that were generally similar to or lower than those of white patients, findings that may be related to the equal access and/or standardized protocols associated with treatment in the managed care system. However, black and Hispanic patients still had higher rates of 90-day ED visits. Further research is required to determine the reasons for this finding and to identify interventions that could reduce unnecessary ED visits. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Donald P. Ely: My Teacher, My Mentor, and My Friend

Donald P. Ely, regarded by many as the father of Educational Technology and certainly one of the top leaders of our field, was my teacher, my mentor, and my friend. He had a profound impact on my life. After I completed 2 years of service in the U.S. Army, I went on a higher education binge between January 1971 and May 1979, completing a B.S. in Elementary Education, M.S. in Instructional Technology, M.L.M. in Library Media, and a Ph.D. in Instructional Design, Development, & Evaluation. I never would have earned my three graduate degrees without the wise guidance and excellent role model provided by Professor Ely.
Coping with adversity: Regional economic resilience and public policy: by Harold Wolman, Howard Wial, Travis St. Clair, and Edward Hill, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2017

Researchers have long been interested in why some metropolitan areas grow wealthy while others stagnate or even decline. Resilience, a positively trending idea in the social sciences, shifts the fo...
Penetrance and outcomes at 1-year following return of actionable variants identified by genome sequencing.

Abstract Purpose We estimated penetrance of actionable genetic variants and assessed near-term outcomes following return of results (RoR). Methods Participants (n = 2,535) with hypercholesterolemia and/or colon polyps underwent targeted sequencing of 68 genes and 14 single-nucleotide variants. Penetrance was estimated based on presence of relevant traits in the electronic health record (EHR). Outcomes occurring within 1-year of RoR were ascertained by EHR review. Analyses were stratified by tier 1 and non–tier 1 disorders. Results Actionable findings were present in 122 individuals and results were disclosed to 98. The average penetrance for tier 1 disorder variants (67%; n = 58 individuals) was higher than in non–tier 1 variants (46.5%; n = 58 individuals). After excluding 45 individuals (decedents, nonresponders, known genetic diagnoses, mosaicism), ≥1 outcomes were noted in 83% of 77 participants following RoR; 78% had a process outcome (referral to a specialist, new testing, surveillance initiated); 68% had an intermediate outcome (new test finding or diagnosis); 19% had a clinical outcome (therapy modified, risk reduction surgery). Risk reduction surgery occurred more often in participants with tier 1 than those with non–tier 1 variants. Conclusion Relevant phenotypic traits were observed in 57% whereas a clinical outcome occurred in 19% of participants with actionable genomic variants in the year following RoR.
A Teachable Moment Matters for: Striving for inter-rater reliability with a patient counseling assessment rubric: Lessons learned.

Abstract The Teachable Moments Matter (TMM) category of articles is designed to offer readers insight into a methodological issue identified within a companion article. Written in collaboration with one of these authors, these articles provide an opportunity to focus on a challenge experienced by the authors and, in the process, provide one or more perspectives as to how to successfully navigate this issue. The current TMM is focused on issues and pitfalls in validation. The Journal hopes this case-based approach will help highlight the nuance of a topic in context, something that might get “lost” in the entirety of a full-length article.
Features of Heavy Metal Contamination of Agricultural Soils in the Kursk Region of Russia and Economic Assessment of Restoration

Kursk region of Russia has unique fertile soils. Heavy metals are among the factors that pollute the soil. The article is devoted to the study of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. The relevance of the study is that the value of the soil is determined by its value for obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products. Data on the content of heavy metals in the soil can prevent intensive cultivation of crops. The task of the work is to identify heavy metals that predominate in the soils of various landscapes of the Kursk region. The assessment of soil contamination with chemical elements was carried out in the course of geo-ecological studies of black earth soils in the Kursk region of Russia. The selected soil samples were examined by semi-quantitative spectral analysis. The results obtained were subjected to statistical processing. It was found that cobalt is the main pollutant in the vast majority of sampling points. In other zones, molybdenum, lead, zinc, and chromium predominate in approximately equal amounts. Soils in the surveyed area belong to the permissible category of contamination with chemical elements. Soil remediation should be applied in local areas.
"Rusticall chymistry": Alchemy, saltpeter projects, and experimental fertilizers in seventeenth-century English agriculture.

As the primary ingredient in gunpowder, saltpeter was an extraordinarily important commodity in the early modern world. Historians of science and technology have long studied its military applicati...
Predictors of poor pre-operative psychological status among patients with cartilage defects.

Abstract Background We evaluated the risk factors for pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and elevated depressive symptoms among patients undergoing high-grade cartilage defect surgery. We hypothesized that cartilage patients would demonstrate high scores on pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and depression testing prior to surgery. Methods Two hundred and ten patients undergoing surgery for high-grade cartilage defects (56% chondroplasty, 36% microfracture, 22% autologous chondrocyte implantation) completed a preoperative survey before undergoing surgery. Outcome scores assessed were: International Knee Documentation Committee-Symptom (IKDC-S) score, Tegner activity score, Pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine what pre-operative factors predicted pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and elevated depressive symptoms. Results The mean pre-operative Tegner score was 5.8 (SD 2.4) and IKDC-S score was 44.7 (SD 11.1). Prior to surgery, 19% had abnormal pain catastrophizing (PCS ≥ 20 points), 14.4% had moderate-severe depression (PHQ ≥ 10), and 49.0% had high kinesiophobia (TSK-11 ≥ 25). Lower pre-operative Tegner scores predicted moderate-severe depressive symptoms (per point decrease, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06, 1.76; p = 0.008). Predictors of elevated pain catastrophizing were lower pre-operative IKDC-S scores (per 5-point decrease, OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08, 1.51; p = 0.002) and symptom duration >6 months (OR 2.20 CI 1.14, 4.32; p = 0.02). A lower pre-operative IKDC-S score (per 5-point decrease, OR 1.17, CI 1.03, 1.33; p = 0.02) predicted elevated kinesiophobia. Conclusion Low self-reported function, low activity level and symptom duration greater than six months are associated with poor preoperative psychological status.
Detecting change in community participation with the Enfranchisement scale of the community participation indicators.

Objective This study determined the sensitivity to change of the Enfranchisement scale of the Community Participation Indicators in people with stroke. Data sources We analyzed data from two studies of participants with stroke: an intervention study and an observational study. Main measures The Enfranchisement Scale contains two subscales: the Importance subscale (feeling valued by and contributing to the community; range: 14-70) and the Control subscale (choice and control: range: 13-64). Data analysis Assessments were administered 6 months apart. We calculated minimum detectable change and minimal clinically important difference. Results The Control subscale analysis included 121 participants with a mean age of 61.2 and mild-moderate disability (Functional Independence Measure, mean = 97.9, SD = 24.7). On the Control subscale, participants had a mean baseline score of 51.4 (SD = 10.4), and little mean change (1.3) but with large variation in change scores (SD = 11.5). We found a minimum detectable change of 9 and a minimum clinically important difference of 6. The Importance subscale analysis included 116 participants with a mean age of 60.7 and mild-moderate disability (Functional Independence Measure, mean = 98.9, SD = 24.5). On the Importance subscale, participants had a mean baseline score of 44.1 (SD = 12.7), and again demonstrated little mean change (1.08) but with large variation in change scores (SD = 12.6). We found a minimum detectable change of 11 and a minimum clinically important difference 7. Conclusions The Control subscale required 9 points of change, and the Importance subscale required 11 points of change, to achieve statistically and clinically meaningful changes, suggesting adequate sensitivity to change.
A theoretical framework to promote minority PhD and DNP student success in nursing education

Abstract Background Nursing PhD and DNP programs lack diversity and cultural responsiveness and, as a result, minority students are underrepresented in these programs. Stressors specific to being a member of a minority population, defined as minority stress, contribute to a range of barriers for ethnic/racial minority, male and LGBTQ PhD and DNP students. There is an urgent need for faculty and administrators to support minority doctoral student success by taking proactive steps to identify and begin to deconstruct these barriers. Doctorally-prepared nursing faculty serve as mentors and role models for doctoral students, provide exemplars for how to use scientific humility to research health inequities, implement evidence-based practice and develop the next generation of nurse scientists. Combating educational inequities for minority doctoral students is a first step in advancing health equity beyond academia. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical synthesis to promote minority PhD and DNP student success in academia. Theoretical framework The minority doctoral student success (MDSS) framework was developed using Schneider's attraction-selection-attrition framework, key concepts from the literature, and professional and personal experience to capture the minority doctoral student experience. A systems approach was used to identify multi-level influences on the minority student experience, including antecedents at each stage of the academic journey, and how minority stress and opportunity inherently affect the process. Conclusions Diversity is essential to reimagine nursing doctoral education. This theoretical framework provides an approach to understanding the minority PhD and DNP student experience and the role of faculty and the academic organization in mediating barriers and creating opportunities to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Machine Learning Based Embedded Code Multi-Label Classification

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, embedded based electronic devices have penetrated every corner of our daily lives. As the brain of IoT devices, embedded based micro controller unit (MCU) plays an irreplaceable role. The functions of the MCUs are becoming more and more powerful and complicated, which brings huge challenges to embedded programmers. Embedded code, which is highly related to the hardware resources, differs from other popular programming code. The hardware configuration may be a big challenge to the programmers, who may only be good at software development and algorithm design. Online code searching can be time consuming and cannot guarantee an optimal approach. To solve this problem, in this paper, an embedded code classifier, which is designed to help embedded programmers to search for the most efficient code with precise tags, is demonstrated. A high quality embedded code dataset is built. A tag correlated multi-label machine learning model is developed for the embedded code dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed code dataset structure is proved to be more efficient on embedded code classification. The proposed embedded classifier algorithm shows a promising result on embedded code dataset. And it outperforms the traditional machine learning text classification models.
Global Epidemiology of Stroke and Access to Acute Ischemic Stroke Interventions.

Purpose of the Review To provide an up-to-date review of the incidence of stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) around the globe, as well as the eligibility and access to IV thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) worldwide. Recent Findings Randomized clinical trials have established MT with or without IVT as the usual care for patients with LVO stroke for up to 24 hours from symptom onset. Eligibility for IVT has extended beyond 4.5 hours based on permissible imaging criteria. With these advances in the last 5 years, there has been a notable increase in the population of patients eligible for acute stroke interventions. However, access to acute stroke care and utilization of MT or IVT is lagging in these patients. Summary Stroke is the second leading cause of both disability and death worldwide, with the highest burden of the disease shared by low- and middle-income countries. In 2016, there were 13.7 million new incident strokes globally; ≈87% of these were ischemic strokes and by conservative estimation about 10%–20% of these account for LVO. Fewer than 5% of patients with acute ischemic stroke received IVT globally in the eligible therapeutic time window and fewer than 100,000 MTs were performed worldwide in 2016. This highlights the large gap among eligible patients and the low utilization rates of these advances across the globe. Multiple global initiatives are underway to investigate interventions to improve systems of care and bridge this gap.
Sums of Independent Random Variables

This chapter collects a few facts, of the central limit theorem type, about distributions of sums of independent random variables.
Can we get AIDS from mosquito bites

Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a human retrovirus that infects lymphocytes and other cells bearing the CD4 surface marker. The virus is transmitted primarily by sexual and parental routes. There are two ways blood feeding arthropods can spread disease, mechanically, by simple transfer of virus between hosts by contaminated mouth parts, or, biologically, which would require virus replication in arthropod tissues (especially salivary glands). There are some important factors which have proven that AIDS is not transmitted by mosquito bite. These factors are: (1) AIDS virus can not replicate inside the mosquito, bed bug, flea, or other blood sucking insect and the lack of replication of HIV in arthropod cells due to lack of T4 antigen on cell surface, and (2) it is unlikely that HIV is transmitted by insects, given the low infectivity of HIV and the short survival of the virus in the mosquito. HIV appears to be much less easily transmitted probably due to lower titers of virus in body fluids. So, on the basis of experimental evidence and probability estimates, it has been concluded that the likelihood of mechanical or biological transmission of HIV by insects is virtually nonexistent.
Collision frequency in solutions

An interpretation of a collision in solution is given on the basis of Wheeler’s theory of liquids. The expression for the collision frequencies based on this theory work out to be similar to those got by other methods and which have been used with success in the interpretation of kinetics of reaction in solution.
Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Bacterial Species other than E. coli

Publisher Summary The urinary tract is a common site of bacterial infection. Individuals at high risk for symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) include neonates, pre-school girls, sexually active women, and the elderly. In addition, UTI is the most frequent cause of infections among nursing home residents and the most common documented source of bacteraemia in the elderly. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of community-acquired infection in the individuals with a normal urinary tract. Nevertheless, other important microorganisms for which much less information is available also cause UTI. This chapter focuses on these less commonly isolated but important organisms. While E. coli is the cause of most infections in the normal urinary tract, many other bacterial species, including other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae as well as Gram-positive organisms, are able to colonize both the normal and the structurally compromised urinary tract. Of these organisms, most is known about P. mirabilis, although other species share common themes of pathogenicity, including adherence, production of urease, and a limited ability to invade host epithelium.
Modeling of random channel parameter variations in MOS transistors

Widely used approaches to modeling random effects and extracting random parameters in matching-critical circuits are based upon models derived under the widely accepted premise that distributed parameter devices can be modeled with lumped parameter models. In this paper, a new stochastic approach based upon a distributed parameter model is presented that offers improvement in predicting the effects of random parameter variations on device matching.
Fully-covered, self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS) in malignant distal biliary strictures: mid-term evaluation.

Background and Aims: Limited data exist regarding fully-covered, self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS) with anchoring fins for the management of malignant distal biliary strictures. The aim of this study is to evaluate their safety and patency. Methods: Over a period of 2 years, 70 patients (45 males, 66 ± 13 years) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with placement of a 10-mm (67 patients) or 8-mm diameter (3 patients) CSEMS for the palliation of distal malignant biliary obstruction (pancreatic [53] or other [17]). Data were collected prospectively for survival and stent patency; complications were evaluated retrospectively. Results: After CSEMS placement, 17 patients proceeded to surgery, and 53 patients were deemed unresectable. Mean survival for non-surgical candidates was 180 days (range: 15–1091), and 170 days (range: 9–589) for patients who underwent surgical management. CSEMS were left in place and remained patent for a mean of 163 days (range: 15–1091) in non-surgical candidates, and a mean of 55 days (range: 5–126) in surgical candidates. Complications during placement included wire perforations (4) and proximal deployment requiring repositioning (4), one of which was complicated by a bile leak. Post-procedure complications were observed in 24 cases (34%) and included post-ERCP pancreatitis (8, with 2 of them severe), post-procedure pain (5, with 3 requiring admission), cholecystitis (3), stent occlusion (3), cholangitis (2), proximal migration (1), post-sphincterotomy bleeding (1), and sepsis leading to death (1). Conclusion: CSEMS appear to provide acceptable short-term patency rates; however, their limited long-term patency and high complication rate might limit their widespread use. Further long-term prospective data are required to confirm this observation.
Chapter 13 The economic analysis of labor market discrimination: A survey

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a survey on the economics of labor market discrimination, motivated by two fundamental problems associated with income and wage differences among groups classified by sex, race, ethnicity, and other characteristics. The first is the inequity of long-lasting differences in economic well-being among the groups; in particular, differences in household or family income. The second is the inequity of long-lasting differences in the average wage rates among groups of workers classified by these demographic traits, when the groups may be presumed to be either equally productive or to have equal productive capacity. The second problem also raises the question of whether a labor market that pays unequal wages to equally productive workers is inefficient. Economic discrimination is defined in terms of income differences among families and wage differences among workers. The chapter discusses these definitions and presents data from the United States on the income and earnings differences of blacks, Hispanics, whites, women, and men. The chapter surveys theories of economic discrimination in the labor market. The theories are classified into competitive and monopolistic neoclassical models with (essentially) complete information, competitive neoclassical models with imperfect information-leading to “statistical discrimination,” and institutional theories. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the economic research on discrimination.
Andrew Scull. Hysteria: The Biography

Hysteria as pathology and cultural formation has been a rich topic for historians, cultural critics, gender theorists, and literary scholars, including those in women studies, for thirty years. Ini...
Crime and punishment: the role of student body characteristics in schools’ disciplinary behaviours

ABSTRACTDiscretion in schools’ discipline choices can provide an efficient and effective misconduct management structure, but could lead to discipline based on unrelated factors. Consequently, schools’ disciplinary decisions can significantly limit students’ access to education by removing students from familiar learning environments. We investigate schools’ disciplinary decisions for serious misconducts and show that punishments are more severe in schools that do not report misconducts to local law enforcement agencies. Moreover, we show that schools that report fewer misconducts to law enforcement impose more severe punishments when the student body is characterized as having a higher proportion of minority students, lower socioeconomic status students and a higher proportion of students who are below the 15th percentile of standardized test scores. These results suggest that between-school punishment differentials are associated with student body traits.
The contribution of beneath-snow soil respiration to total ecosystem respiration in a high-elevation, subalpine forest

[1] The respiratory loss of CO 2 from soil microbes beneath winter snow in forests from cold climates can significantly influence the annual carbon budget. We explored the magnitude of winter soil respiration using continuous measurements of beneath-snow CO 2 concentration within the footprint of a flux tower in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains. We used eddy covariance measurements from the tower to obtain estimates of total wintertime ecosystem respiration and compared them to the calculated beneath-snow CO 2 flux. Soil respiration in the winter was estimated to contribute 35-48% of the total wintertime ecosystem respiration, and 7-10% of the total annual ecosystem respiration. The largest increase in soil respiration occurred in the late winter following an earlier-than-normal initiation of snowmelt and increase in snow density. Following this melt event, respiration rates increased approximately sixfold, despite an increase in soil temperature of only 0.3°-0.5°C. We interpret the late-winter surge in soil respiration to be triggered by a strong response of beneath-snow microbes to the pulse of meltwater coupled with extremely high sensitivity of the microbial biomass to increases in soil temperature.