cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of 1-Penten-3-One-4- Phosphonate as a Kinetic Ethyl Vinyl Ketone Equivalent in the Robinson Annulation Reaction1

Abstract Reaction of cross-conjugated silyl dienol ether 4 with the title reagent affords adduct 9. Epoxidation of 9 provides α–epoxy ketone 10. Both keto–phosphonates 9,10 undergo smooth intramolecular Wadsworth–Emmons reactions to produce enones 2,3.
On immersions of n-Manifolds

A classical conjecture in differential topology is that an n -manifold immerses in R 2 n - α ( n ) , where α ( n ) is the number of ones in the dyadic expansion of n . We prove a corollary of this conjecture, namely, that at the Thom space level, the map T(v) → MO factors through MO ( n - α ( n )).
Analysis of a clinical evaluation of materials used intraorally

Abstract A typical clinical evaluation of a new material for use as a "chair-side" liner in denture bases has been reviewed, and its shortcomings analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, recommendations were made to improve the procedures for total evaluation of liner materials.
Risks and benefits of a multidrug approach to mild-to-moderate heart failure

Multidrug therapy offers several advantages in the management of mild-to-moderate heart failure. Treatment with a combination of agents, such as diuretics, digoxin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta blockers, can provide relief of symptoms while also addressing specific pathophysiologic factors. By allowing therapy to be tailored to the individual, the multidrug approach can slow progression of the disease, reduce or prevent the need for hospitalization, and decrease health-care costs. Evidence of the benefit of the multidrug approach has come from numerous trials in which newer treatments for heart failure have been evaluated in the context of the background therapy considered standard at the time of the trial. Compliance may be a challenge with multidrug therapy, particularly for patients who generally feel well and do not experience symptoms that interfere with normal daily function. The clinician must ensure that patients understand the need to comply with the prescribed regimen to prevent more serious problems in the future. Multidrug therapy may also require that patients be more closely monitored so that dosages of the individual medications can be adjusted to provide maximum benefit with a minimum of side effects.
Alkali ion carbonyls: sequential bond energies of Li+(CO)x (x = 1−3), Na+(CO)x (x = 1, 2) and K+(CO)

The sequential bond dissociation energies for Li+(CO)x (x = 1−3), Na+(CO)x (x = 1,2), and K+(CO) are determined by examining the collision-induced dissociation reactions with argon in a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Analysis of the kinetic energy dependent cross sections yield values for the (CO)x−1M+CO bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of 0.57 ± 0.13, 0.37 ± 0.04 and 0.36 ± 0.04 eV for M  Li (x = 1–3, respectively), 0.33 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.03 eV for M  Na (x = 1 and 2, respectively), and 0.19 ± 0.05 eV for K+CO. In addition, the M+Ar BDEs are determined by examining the ligand exchange reaction of M+(CO) with Ar and are found to be 0.34 ± 0.14, 0.16 ± 0.09 and 0.14 ± 0.07 eV for M  Li, Na and K, respectively. The trends in BDEs can be explained readily in terms of electrostatic bonding interactions. A comparison of the alkali metal ion—CO BDEs with those of transition metal ion carbonyls reveals the contributions of s-dσ hybridization and d-π∗ back-donation in the chemical bonding of the latter systems.
Bioalkylation of dibenz[a,b]anthracene in rat liver cytosol.

Previous studies by other investigators have established that L-region methyl derivatives of dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) were more carcinogenic than the parent hydrocarbon. The bioalkylation of DBA was investigated by incubating the hydrocarbon with rat liver cytosol fortified with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 1 h at 37°C in air. The reaction was stopped by the addition of cold acetone and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic phase was evaporated and the residue dissolved in methylene chloride for analysis by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy GC/MS. Products were found that were indistinguishable from 7-methyl-DBA and 7,14-dimethyl-DBA, 7-hydroxymethyl-DBA, 7-hydroxymethyl-14-methyl-DBA, and 7,14-dihydroxymethyl-DBA. The results suggest that unsubstituted carcinogenic hydrocarbons are preprocarcinogens that react with SAM in liver cytosol preparations, to form alkyl substituted procarcinogens, which are more potent than the corresponding preprocarcinogens.
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF DUAL ABSORPTION MODELS.

Abstract The peripherality assumption of dual absorption models is examined in the case of elastic scattering. Data on differential cross sections sums d σ d t ( A B ) + d σ d t ( AB ) exclude a peripheral character for the energy dependent part, casting serious doubts on the validity of the two component theory of the Pomeron. Analysis of the differences d σ d t ( A B )− d σ d t ( AB ) as a function of both t and s are consistent with a peripheral JO(R√−t)sn−1 structure for the imaginary parts of the helicity non-flip ϱ exchange in πN and ω-exchange in KN. The non-flip ω-amplitude in NN has a different structure than that expected from simple peripherality. A relation between K+p and K−p polarization derived from exchange degeneracy for the helicity flip amplitude is in qualitative accord with data. Regge - Regge interference terms are porposed as possible explanation of the double zero around t ≌-0.8 in pp polarization.
Plasma equilibrium calculations by line successive over relaxation

Line successive over relaxation (LSOR) is an iterative method for solving elliptic differential equations. LSOR takes advantage of the CRAY vector capabilities as compared to the point successive over relaxation (SOR) method, which does not vectorize. The substantial advantages of LSOR on a vectorizing machine are not well-known, except in the field of aerodynamics. By minor modification of the traditional SOR elliptic equation solver, we find that in certain coordinates an increase of a factor of two or greater in convergence time can be realized. As a model problem for comparison of SOR and LSOR, the numerical solution of Poisson's equation will be reviewed in Sec. II. In Sec. III, we discuss the decreased computation time on the National Fusion Energy Computer Center (NMFECC) CRAY computers found with LSOR applied to the iterative solution of plasma equilibria. In Sec. IV, the conditions for which LSOR is most useful are summarized.
Miscibility studies in blends of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(methyl methacrylate) with epoxy resin: a comparison

The results of FTi.r. studies of blends of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPr) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with poly(diglycidal ether of bisphenol-A) (epoxy) are discussed. The changes observed in the OH and carbonyl stretching frequency region of the blend compositions studied are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding interaction between the OH groups of epoxy resin and carbonyl groups of PVPr and PMMA. Qualitative as well as quantitative data have been obtained about these interactions and are compared. The FTi.r. results indicate a high degree of mixing at the molecular level for both blend systems at all compositions studied. It is observed that in the PVPr/epoxy blend system the strength of the hydrogen bonding interaction between the OH groups of epoxy and CO groups of PVPr is much stronger than the interaction between the self-associated OH groups in pure epoxy resin. A more uniform hydrogen bonding between the OH groups of epoxy and CO groups of PMMA was observed and is also discussed.
Health food store shopping practices and rationale of international students and students from the United States

A convenience sample of 142 international and 100 U.S. students attending a Western university completed survey questionnaires designed to assess practices and rationale regarding health foods and health food stores. The most likely international students to patronize health food stores were females who had resided in the United States for more than one year. The most likely U.S. students to patronize these stores were females who had previously shopped in health food stores in their hometowns. No statistically significant differences were found between the international and U.S. students in the mean number of monthly visits to health food stores, the average expenditures per visit, or the average percentage of the monthly food budget spent on health foods. The U.S. students, however, purchased a significantly greater number of items at health foods stores (p = .0001) than the international students. The reason for purchasing food at health food stores receiving the highest mean importance rating from bot...
IgM anti-A and D SnRNP proteins and IgM anti-dsDNA are closely associated in SLE sera.

U1RNP and Sm precipitins occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in overlap syndromes, while precipitins to Ro/SSA and La/SSB occur in SLE and its variants as well as Sjogren's syndrome. In studying IgM and IgG antibodies to these polypeptides by Western blot, we found the expected frequency of antibodies to the A protein of the U1RNP specificity and the D protein of the Sm specificity in sera with precipitins to U1RNP and Sm, but also found the frequent occurrence of both IgM and IgG anti-A and D in SLE sera with no precipitins, and in sera with anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB precipitins, but not in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, scleroderma, or normals. We have studied the sera which bind the A and D polypeptides on Western blot to test their ability to bind native U1RNP (which contain the A and D proteins) in ELISA. The results indicate that most anti-Ro/SSA alone, anti-Ro/SSA, and anti-La/SSB sera as well as SLE sera with no precipitins react preferentially with the denatured A and D proteins. Further study of sera with IgM anti-A and D in Western blot reveals that these sera also frequently contain anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. These results show that the anti-A and D responses, especially IgM anti-A and D, occur not only in patients with precipitating antibodies to SnRNPs, but in almost half of patients across the lupus spectrum. The extended prevalence of antibodies to the denatured A and D proteins in Western blot is associated with the cross-reaction of antibodies to dsDNA.
Weighted Markov and Bernstein type inequalities for generalized non-negative polynomials

Abstract Weighted Markov and Bernstein type inequalities are established for generalized non-negative polynomials and generalized polynomial weight functions. The novelty of the results lies in the fact that in these estimates only the generalized degrees of the generalized polynomial and the generalized polynomial weight function, respectively, and a multiplicative absolute constant show up. To prove such inequalities was motivated by studying systems of orthogonal polynomials simultaneously, associated with generalized Jacobi weight functions.
Modeling a Non-Adiabatic Counter Flow Microchannel Heat Exchanger With Axial Heat Conduction

In this paper the effect of axial heat conduction in a non-adiabatic counter flow microchannel heat exchanger is analyzed. The non-adiabatic nature of the heat exchanger causes fluids to exchange heat with the ambient which is at a constant temperature. There are three governing energy equations, one for each fluid and one for the wall separating the fluids. Two of the boundary conditions are the inlet temperature of the fluids. Insulated boundary conditions are used for the wall separating the fluids. The temperature of the fluids and the wall at several points between the inlets and outlets of the MCHXCF are obtained by solving the governing equations using finite difference method. Second order difference schemes are used for discretizing the governing equations. The effectiveness of the fluids depends on the NTU, axial heat conduction parameter, the ambient temperature and the ratio of the thermal resistance between the fluids to that between the ambient and the individual fluids. There is a decrease in the effectiveness of the fluids due to axial heat conduction alone. In the presence of just external heat transfer, increase in ambient temperature reduces the effectiveness of the hot fluid while increasing that of the cold fluid and the opposite trends occur if the ambient temperature is decreased. The combined effect of these two phenomena on the effectiveness of the fluids will depend on the net heat gained/lost by them.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Multiple modes of clearing one’s mind of current thoughts: Overlapping and distinct neural systems

This study used the power of neuroimaging to identify the neural systems that remove information from working memory, a thorny issue to examine because it is difficult to confirm that individuals have actually modified their thoughts. To overcome this problem, brain activation as measured via fMRI was assessed when individuals had to clear their mind of all thought (global clear), clear their mind of a particular thought (targeted clear), or replace the current thought (replace), relative to maintaining an item in working memory. The pattern of activity in posterior sensory regions across these conditions confirmed compliance with task demands. A hierarchy of brain regions involved in cognitive control, including parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal and frontopolar regions, were engaged to varying degrees depending on the manner in which information was removed from working memory. In addition, individuals with greater difficulty in controlling internal thoughts exhibited greater activity in prefrontal brain regions associated with cognitive control, as well as in left lateral prefrontal areas including Broca's area, which is associated with inner speech.
Effects of morphine sulfate on medial bulboreticular response to peripherally applied noxious stimuli

Abstract The analgesic action of morphine sulfate and its related agents is thought to be due to an effect on the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism of action and the site at which morphine exerts its analgesic effect remain unknown. Several reports in the literature have implicated the depression of neuronal activity in the spinal cord as a possible mechanism of morphine analgesia. Neurons in the region of the nucleus gigantocellularis in the brain stem which respond characteristically to peripheral noxious physiological and chemical stimuli or to noxious electrical stimuli have been demonstrated extensively. The action of morphine on the single-unit activity of neurons in n. gigantocellularis in response to peripherally applied noxious stimuli has not been previously reported. Response patterns of single neurons in n. gigantocellularis were recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrodes in unanesthetized, functionally decrebrate cats immobilized with pancuronium. Electrical noxious stimulation of the saphenous nerve evoked two classes of responses in n. gigantocellularis neurons: excitatory and inhibitory. The present study shows that morphine sulfate at analgesic doses of 1 to 2 mg/kg iv has a predominantly depressant action on the neuronal activity of both classes of neuronal responses from n. gigantocellularis. The depressant effects of morphine were reversed by naloxone (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg, iv). This depression of neuornal activity in the nucleus may partially explain its analgesic action.
The complete cardiothoracic surgeon: qualities of excellence.

i C s s s b f w f p p f s I stand before you this morning, we have already presented the past and present of the Southern horacic Surgical Association from the historical aspects, pouse’s perspective, and summaries of the important eneral thoracic, adult cardiac, and pediatric surgical apers presented before this association. My thoughts for his address spanned a broad spectrum of potential opics, but ultimately my remarks had to reflect my bservations on the practice of cardiothoracic surgery ased on 30 years of professional academic experience. Harvey Bender stated that presidential addresses tend o be one of three types [1]: (1) The first type is a scientific aper based on an area of his or her special interests and ne that frequently stresses clinical outcomes in the anagement of a disease process; (2) the second type is istorical, one that reviews and documents important urning points in the development of the specialty and mphasizes the important roles played by previous leadrs in the field; (3) the third type is philosophical, and I hink mine best fits into that category. I feel that we have to look at the preservation of the pecialty of cardiothoracic surgery and the qualities that he complete cardiothoracic surgeon will need to learn nd acquire as we move into the second millennium. reservation of the specialty and pursuit of qualities of xcellence in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) are what will ustain not only the Southern Thoracic Surgical Assocition, but also our specialty as a whole. In my opinion, the specialty has never been held in igher esteem by other specialties or by the public. In ost institutions, the department or division of cardiohoracic surgery sets the standard that all of the other epartments follow: in economics, local and national nvolvement, publications, and level of expertise. When I ook at the 16 members of our section who are present at ivision meetings, I am amazed at the extraordinary ollection of talent gathered under the leadership of Dr. obert Guyton. As I approached this address, my thoughts focused on wo universal aspects of our specialty: One, the training f cardiothoracic surgery residents and two, the pursuit f qualities that will result in strengthening our specialty.
Brain Atlas Deformation in the Presence of Small and Large Space-Occupying Tumors

Brain atlases contain a wealth of information that could be used in radiation therapy or neurosurgical planning. Until now, however, when large space-occupying tumors and lesions drastically alter the shape of brain structures and substructures, atlas-based methods have been of limited use. In this work, we present a new technique that permits a brain atlas to be warped onto image volumes in which large lesions are present. First we show that a method previously used for atlas-based segmentation of normal brains can also be used for brains with small lesions. We then present an extension of this technique for brains with large lesions. This involves several steps: a global registration to bring the two volumes into approximate correspondence; a local registration to warp the atlas onto the patient volume; the seeding of the warped atlas with a tumor model derived from patient data; and the deformation of the seeded atlas. Global registration is performed using a mutual information criterion. The method we...
A clinical trial for advanced cervico-vaginal pelvic carcinomas using californium CF-252 fast neutron therapy: Report of early responses☆

Abstract This report summarizes clinical experiences with Californium (Cf) 252 for the radiotherapy of advanced cervicovaginal carcinomas at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from November 1976 to April 1979. Fifty-nine patients were treated with Cf-252 during this period. After pilot studies, a treatment schedule was developed which appeared to offer improved local control and clearance of these tumors in ∼90% of treated patients. However, a longer follow-up period is essential to determine whether local tumor control is sustained or whether local tumor recurrence remains as great a problem as for patients who receive conventional radio-nuclide therapy. Ultimate long term survival and outcome will depend upon the frequency of control of local-regional disease and the frequency of appearance of more disseminated and metastatic disease. Cf-252 neutron brachytherapy was combined with 4500–5500 rad of Cobalt 60 or linear accelerator external beam fractionated radiotherapy for 4–6 weeks. Neutron treated patients whose disease was in appropriate clinical stages were also treated with combined radiotherapy-surgery without problems. Stage dependent regression was noted; low stage tumors responded distinctly better and more rapidly than higher stage tumors. All histological patterns responded, and no unusual severe or unanticipated early side effects or toxic tissue reactions were observed.
Half a Century of Research Using Polarography

Abstract Polarography has been used in investigations of equilibria between carbonyl compounds and Schiff bases. Formation of mercury compounds of thiols, some urea, and thiourea derivatives is manifested by anodic polarographic waves. Electrochemical data for numerous organic compounds can be correlated with structural parameters using LFERs. Such correlations can be used in mechanistic studies and in choice of representative model compounds. For organic compounds bearing two electroactive centers the degree of their mutual interaction is reflected by their electrochemical behavior. Such interactions range from weak to medium strength (manifested by substituent effects) to strong interactions (resulting in changes in mechanisms of electrode processes). Strong interactions may result in reversal of the sequence of the reducibility of the two electroactive groups. Changes of polarographic current–voltage curves with solution composition enable determination of equilibrium constants for rapidly and slowly established equilibria preceding electron transfer. From currents governed by homogeneous antecedent reactions rate constants of fast reactions (between 10 4 and 10 10 l mol −1 s −1 ) can be obtained. For slower reactions occurring in the bulk of the solution variations of currents with time are used in kinetic studies. Polarographic measurements can be carried out directly in the reaction mixture and are complementary to spectrophotometry. Kinetics can be followed polarographically even in heterogeneous systems. This was used in studies of formation of slightly soluble complexes, e.g., of heavy metal ions with BAL and bile salts. Adsorption of organic (e.g., pesticides) and inorganic species on lignin can be followed, as well as formation of aromatic aldehydes and unsaturated ketones in alkaline cleavage of lignin. Examples of practical applications of polarographic analysis in food chemistry and pharmaceutical and medical science are given.
Hindered diffusion of particles through small pores

Abstract The diffusion coefficient of 910 A diameter latex particles was measured as a function of pore radius and solution ionic strength. Membranes with uni
Fine Line Double Printing and Advanced Process Control for Cell Manufacturing

In this paper the latest applications of screen printing technology for solar cell metallization are reviewed. The principal achievement is 36 μm Double Printing finger width allowing +0.2% absolute efficiency gain compared to baseline Single Printing process. Dedicated rheology analysis of Ag pastes and measurements of equivalent optical finger width have been performed to have a better understanding of optimal process conditions, together with Stencil Printing experiments, showing the viability of Stencil Printing only for laboratory applications. In the last section, Advanced Printing Control is introduced as a potential enabler of controlled deposit on fingers and busbars, aiming at an increased process window and further cost savings.
Comparison of optically and microwave excited photoacoustic detection of unburned carbon in entrained fly ash

Abstract The photoacoustic effect is investigated as a method for measuring unburned carbon in fly ash. The technique has the potential for automatic, on-line measurements without interference from fly ash constituents other than unburned carbon. Two excitation sources were investigated in this study: 0.632 μm optical radiation from an HeNe laser and 2450 MHz microwave radiation with a free space wavelength of 12.24 cm. Optical radiation has the advantage of relatively large absorption coefficients for carbon particles in fly ash. However, the absorption coefficient is dependent on particle size. The absorption coefficient for microwave excitation is independent of particle size, but is relatively weak compared to optical excitation.
NMR mapping of copper binding sites in alpha-synuclein

Copper binding to the Parkinson disease-linked protein alpha-synuclein (aS) has been shown to accelerate its oligomerization in vitro and may therefore play a role in aS-mediated pathology in vivo. We use NMR spectroscopy to identify a number of independent copper binding sites in both the lipid-binding N-terminal domain and the highly acidic C-terminal domain of aS. Most of the sites appear to involve negatively charged amino acid side chains, but binding is also observed to the sole histidine residue located at position 50 and to the N-terminal amino group. Both the N-terminal and the histidine sites, as well as the sites in the C-terminal tail, can also bind copper in the more highly structured conformation adopted by aS upon binding to detergent micelles or lipid vesicles. There is no evidence for the formation of any sites requiring long-range order in the protein.
Apodized and un-apodized sidewall grating filters with low coupling constants in ultra-low-loss Si 3 N 4 planar waveguides

We demonstrate apodized and un-apodized sidewall grating filters in an ultra-low-loss planar Si3N4 integration platform. Record low coupling constants, as low as 0.19 cm-1, and better than 5dB side-lobe suppression with apodization are reported.
Cultural geography I: Materialist turns

A series of ‘cultural turns’ across human geography have left cultural geography itself with something of an identity crisis. I suggest that overlapping strains of materialism are already providing cultural geography with some of its ‘connective wiring’ and core concerns. Common materialist sensibilities are evident in recent theoretically and empirically engaged work on value and waste, which highlights the transformative work of meaning-making cultural processes in the world. Close contextual engagements with waste have offered geographers an ‘enhanced’ means of grounding their materialisms by turning to processes occurring at the bottom of the value chain. Waste has also provided a window onto the contested cultural work of coding things for value, and the research has served to accentuate an engagement with materiality as transformation and process.
Endothelial effects of emission source particles: Acute toxic response gene expression profiles

Air pollution epidemiology has established a strong association between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular outcomes. Experimental studies in both humans and laboratory animals support varied biological mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction as potentially a central step to the elicitation of cardiovascular events. We therefore hypothesized that relevant early molecular alterations on endothelial cells should be assessable in vitro upon acute exposure to PM components previously shown to be involved in health outcomes. Using a model emission PM, residual oil fly ash and one of its predominant constituents (vanadium-V), we focused on the development of gene expression profiles to fingerprint that particle and its constituents to explore potential biomarkers for PM-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here we present differential gene expression and transcription factor activation profiles in human vascular endothelial cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose of fly ash or V following semi-global gene expression profiling of ∼8000 genes. Both fly ash and it's prime constituent, V, induced alterations in genes involved in passive and active transport of solutes across the membrane; voltage-dependent ion pumps; induction of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules; and activation of numerous kinases involved in signal transduction pathways. These preliminary data suggest that cardiovascular effects associated with exposure to PM may be mediated by perturbations in endothelial cell permeability, membrane integrity; and ultimately endothelial dysfunction.
New event-based methodology to improve photolithography productivity

As photolithography processes continue to increase in complexity, in order to maintain anticipated productivity it has become more challenging to increase the throughput, lower the rework rate and improve tool utilization. Manufacturing automation system deployed in a production site provides a source to monitor the photolithography process, the operation efficiency and the health of equipment. However, it is found to be a time-consuming and difficult process to analyze the large amount of data and determine the exact source of productivity hitter. Based on these needs, a new methodology is proposed in this paper to quantify the productivity hitter versus process, operation, and equipment. A tool is developed from this methodology to track through every tool operation time and operation steps based on information of tool event logs (event-based) via network. By applying the tool, an easy to view information can be quickly derived from the event log data, for rapid decision making such as lot disposition, recipe optimization, and equipment function check. The event-based methodology is introduced in this paper. In addition, several examples are studied by using this tool in ASIC type production environment. The effects of track delay, hidden overhead time, poor lot queuing and excessive error-assist time, etc. are studied and quantified. By applying the tool, the time taken to accurately locate the root cause of productivity hitter is significantly reduced. Based on the analysis, the guidelines are given to optimize the tool utilization and raw throughput, and the productivity is improved accordingly. Future works including fully integrated into in-house manufacturing automation are discussed.
Accomplishing Access Management on the Florida Intrastate Highway System: US-19 Highway Corridor Experience

The Florida intrastate highway system (FIHS) is the network of state roads intended to carry the bulk of the state's high-speed and high-volume traffic movements. Comprising only 3% of the state's roads, the FIHS carries 32% of all traffic and 70% of truck traffic on the state highway system. However, the safe and efficient operation of the FIHS is in jeopardy. The system faces ever increasing levels of congestion and delay and a projected 20-year shortfall of $ 29 billion for needed capacity improvements. Given the lack of funding for needed capacity improvements, the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) is turning to alternative strategies to preserve the operational integrity and safety of the system. Among these strategies is access management. The application of access management techniques on the FIHS is complicated, and sometimes undermined, by the separation of land use decision-making authority (controlled by local governments) and roadway decision-making authority (controlled by Florida DO...
Tonotopic organization of the superior olivary nucleus in the chicken auditory brainstem

Topographic maps are salient features of neuronal organization in sensory systems. Inhibitory components of neuronal circuitry are often embedded within this organization, making them difficult to isolate experimentally. The auditory system provides opportunities to study the topographic organization of inhibitory long-range projection nuclei, such as the superior olivary nucleus (SON). We analyzed the topographic organization of response features of neurons in the SON of chickens. Quantitative methods were developed to assess and communicate this organization. These analyses led to three main conclusions: 1) sound frequency is linearly arranged from dorsal (low frequencies) to ventral (high frequencies) in SON; 2) this tonotopic organization is less precise than the organization of the excitatory nuclei in the chicken auditory brainstem; and 3) neurons with different response patterns to pure tone stimuli are interspersed throughout the SON and show similar tonotopic organizations. This work provides a predictive model to determine the optimal stimulus frequency for a neuron from its spatial location in the SON.
Nanoporous graphene as a reverse osmosis membrane: Recent insights from theory and simulation

Abstract In this review, we examine the potential and the challenges of designing an ultrathin reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from graphene, focusing on the role of computational methods in designing, understanding, and optimizing the relationship between atomic structure and RO performance. In recent years, graphene has emerged as a promising material for improving the performance of RO. Beginning at the atomic scale and extending to the RO plant scale, we review applications of computational research that have explored the structure, properties and potential performance of nanoporous graphene in the context of RO desalination.
Generalized Fractional Programming with Hanson-Mond Classes of Functions

Abstract Weak, strong and converse duality theorems are established for the nonlinear fractional programming problem with equality and inequality constraints. This is done with the functions belonging to Hanson and Mond classes. Duality theory based on Bector type dual is investigated in detail. Schaible type dual and the corresponding duality results are indicated at the end.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EXTRACORPOREAL HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION OF THE ISOLATED CANINE KIDNEY1

SUMMARY A practical but simple method of extracorporeal perfusion of the isolated kidney is described. Successful reimplantation has been achieved after seven to ten hours. Many of the factors influencing the perfusion are discussed and in particular the effect of CO2 and temperature are noted.
Upper Precambrian (?) Diamictite of Florida Mountains, Southwestern New Mexico

Diamictite in the Florida Mountains is about 12 m thick, is probably of younger Precambrian age, and consists of igneous and sedimentary clasts as much as 1.2 m in diameter in a fissile shale matrix. The lower 9 m probably formed from ice-rafted pebbles, cobbles, and boulders that were dropped into marine mud. The clasts were not locally derived, as they consist of rock types not present in the older Precambrian rocks of the Florida Mountains. The upper 3 m appears to be a conglomeratic arkose derived locally after faulting of the lower part of the diamictite.
Association of lifestyle and relationship factors with sexual functioning of women during midlife

ABSTRACT Introduction As women progress through menopause, they experience changes in sexual functioning that are multifactorial, likely encompassing biological, psychological, and social domains. Aim To examine the effects that physical activity, sleep difficulties, and social support have on partnered sexual activity and sexual functioning in women at different stages of the menopausal progression. Methods As part of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of sexual functioning data. Main Outcome Measures Participation in partnered sexual activities, reasons for nonparticipation in such activities among sexually inactive women, and, among sexually active women, sexual functioning defined as engagement in and enjoyment of sexually intimate activities. Results Of 677 participants aged 41–68, 68% had participated in any partnered sexual activities (i.e., were sexually active) during the past 6 months. Reasons for sexual inactivity included lack of a partner (70%), lack of interest in sex (12%) or in the current partner (5%), and physical problems (4%). Sexually active participants tended to be younger, married, more educated, have more social support in general, fewer comorbid medical illnesses, a lower body mass index, and a higher prevalence of vaginal dryness. Among the sexually active participants, their scores for engagement in activities ranging from kissing to sexual intercourse were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked sleeping difficulties. Likewise, scores for sexual enjoyment were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked vaginal dryness. Engagement and enjoyment scores were not associated with marital status or other factors. Conclusions In midlife women, having social support and being physically active are associated with enhanced sexual engagement and enjoyment. Hess R, Conroy MB, Ness R, Bryce CL, Dillon S, Chang CCH, and Matthews KA. Association of lifestyle and relationship factors with sexual functioning of women during midlife. J Sex Med 2009;6:1358–1368.
Effect of a physical education teacher's disability on high school pupils' learning and perceptions of teacher competence.

Background: To date, most of the work done by those who do research in adapted sport pedagogy (a sub-discipline of sport pedagogy focused on modified forms of physical education that address the needs of pupils with disabilities) has focused on the experience of pupils with disabilities and relatively little work has examined the difficulties faced by physical education teachers who themselves have disabilities and teach ‘able-bodied’ pupils. Previous research, conducted in both general education and sport pedagogy settings, indicated that a teacher's attire, physical appearance, and perceived competence influenced pupils' perceptions of the teacher's ability to teach and the degree to which they learned the subject matter. These findings suggest that physical education teachers who have a disability might be in for a particularly difficult time in terms of fighting negative perceptions of their competence and their ability to promote learning among their pupils. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ...
Hurrah for empirical bioethics (where hermeneutically clarified) or how perception of facts 'depends' on values.

Hurrah for the benefits, yet beware of the burdens, of Alexander Kon's (2009) approach to empirical bioethics and of evidence-based ethics generally. (For present purposes, I shall refer to these a...
Understanding the Mechanism of Cross-Linking Agents (POCl3, STMP, and EPI) Through Swelling Behavior and Pasting Properties of Cross-Linked Waxy Maize Starches

ABSTRACT The effects of cross-linking waxy maize starch with phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3), sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), or epichlorohydrin (EPI) on degree of swell and pasting properties were studied. As expected, increased concentration of cross-linking agent resulted in decreased granule swelling potential, Q (mL/g). The slower acting reagents, STMP (4-hr reaction time) and EPI (17-hr reaction time), showed a similar relation between Q value and molar concentration of agent, which was different from the faster-acting POCl3 (30-min reaction time). Brabender viscoamylograph results show decreased peak viscosity with increasing amounts of cross-link agent due to increased inhibition to swelling. Brabender viscosities (BU) continued to increase after the time interval in which an uncross-linked sample would dissolve, which may be a sign of flocculation. The magnitude of BU for all of the treatments after 41 min, plotted versus calculated molar concentration of cross-linking agent, showed a similar tre...
Identification of a colon mucosa gene that is down-regulated in colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas.

Abstract A cDNA, which we call DRA (for down-regulated in adenoma) has been isolated. Its mRNA is expressed exclusively in normal colon tissue, probably only in the mucosal epithelia. Expression of the DRA gene is significantly decreased in adenomas (polyps) and adenocarcinomas of the colon. The DRA gene appears to be a single-copy gene present on chromosome 7, a chromosome associated with colorectal tumorigenesis. The predicted DRA polypeptide is an 84,500-Da protein that contains charged clusters of amino acids, primarily at the NH2 and COOH termini. Together with potential nuclear targeting motifs, an acidic transcriptional activation domain, and a homeobox domain, these elements suggest a transcription factor or a protein that may interact with transcription factors. Such a function may be consistent with a role in tissue-specific gene expression and/or as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene.
The construction of the self: An evolutionary view

Contemporary research on the construction of the self emphasizes the products rather than the process of self-development. Borrowing from the writings of William James and contemporary views of natural selection, we propose a model ofevolutionary self-construction. Grounded in the principles of evolution and the philosophy of pragmatism, evolutionary self-construction proposes a process that guides the seeking of “truth” inpossible selves. According to this view, the self develops in response to uncertainty reduction with the “correct” self identified via the “sentiment of rationality.” Selves presently identified as correct are considered to be “instruments of action” that facilitate the interaction between an individual and the environment. Selected selves can then be developed to one’s best advantage and presented in an optimal fashion. This model helps organize contemporary frameworks around a common theme and embraces affect as a central component in the development of the self.
Foreign Body Aspiration of Grass Inflorescences as a Cause of Hemoptysis

Although the sparsity of reports in the literature suggest aspiration of grass inflorescence is rare, in certain areas of the southern United States, aspiration of this type of foreign body is not so uncommon. Four cases of aspiration of Hordeum pusillium, often referred to as "cheat grass" are reported: three of the four patients had hemoptysis. The highest incidence of inhaled foreign bodies usually occur in young children, but all our four patients were older children or adolescents. The clinical manifestations of grass inflorescence are of the following two types: (1) the "lodging" type in which inflorescences remain in the respiratory passages causing bronchial obstruction with pneumonitis; and (2) the "extrusive type" in which the inflorescences migrate into the periphery of the lung and through the chest wall.
Driving Phase Synchronous Plasma Discharges With Superimposed Signals

Numerical simulations and experimental measurements performed on a plasma discharge, simultaneously paced with two independent sinusoidal functions, show the plasma moving from one synchronous state to another, back and forth, between the two independent pacers. Different approaches for studying this competition for phase synchronization indicate the relevance of the relative frequency values of the two sinusoidal functions with respect to the predominant frequency characteristic of the unpaced plasma discharge.
Effect of intervalling and skewness on portfolio selection in developed and developing markets

Based on several research studies and in particular the theoretical study of Prakash et al. (1997), it is known that the variance as well as the skewness of the probability distribution of rates of return increases if the investors’ investment interval increases. In the present study, using the portfolio selection procedure developed by Lai (1991) under the presence of skewness and subsequently used by Chunhachinda et al. (1997) and Prakash et al. (2003), we find that the selection of investment interval (e.g. daily, weekly versus monthly) significantly changes not only the optimal allocation of weights, but also the number of markets selected in the portfolio.
Activation of T Cell Raf-1 at Mitosis Requires the Protein-tyrosine Kinase Lck

The serine/threonine protein kinase Raf-1 is activated in response to a variety of growth factors in fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells. In T cells, Raf-1 is activated in response to stimulation through the T cell antigen receptor, the interleukin-2 receptor, and by stimulation of protein kinase C. We demonstrate here that in T cells, Raf-1 is also activated during mitosis. The mitotic activation of Raf-1 was not observed in the Lck-deficient cell line, J.CaM.1. During mitosis, Raf-1 was found to interact selectively with a mitotic form of Lck that migrated with a reduced electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. We conclude that Raf-1 is activated during mitosis in T cells and that this mitotic activation of Raf-1 is dependent on the presence of Lck.
Optical Representations For Symbolic Logic

Artificial intelligence problems are solved on electronic computers by techniques that make heavy use of address calculation and dynamic management of data storage space. Optical computing, on the other hand, is normally associated with numerical problems in which the size of the data space is fixed and addressing may be handled in a predictable manner not affected by actual data values. In this paper we categorize expert system problems by the amount of dynamic storage management required and discuss several methods for eliminating unnecessary address manipulation by careful choice of data representation. Major emphasis is placed on the implementation of the mathematical technique of resolution. Various resolution strategies are analyzed, and the effect of these strategies on storage management is assessed with a view to minimizing the complexity of processing. Finally, electro-optical implementations are considered for the major functional elements of an optical resolution system.
Facial EMG responses to combat-related visual stimuli in veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Veterans with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) participated in an exploratory study of facial reactivity to neutral slides and to slides depicting unpleasant combat-related material that were previously determined to be emotionally evocative. It was found that the zygomaticus major (cheek), masseter (jaw), and lateral frontalis (forehead) muscles were especially reactive to the combat slides in the veterans with PTSD, suggesting the importance of facial emotional expression in this disorder. The PTSD participants' self-reports of overall distress paralleled these effects. However, autonomic reactivity did not reflect general arousal effects due to the visual stimuli, showing both the sensitivity of facial muscle assessment in this context and the need for further research on the relationship between stimulus modality and physiological trauma reactions. Additional directions for research in this area are discussed including efforts to correlate subjective and physiological reactions.
Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer in the National Lung Screening Trial: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that screening with low-dose CT versus chest radiography reduced lung cancer mortality by 16% to 20%. More recently, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of CT screening for lung cancer versus no screening in the NLST was performed. The CEA conformed to the reference-case recommendations of the US Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, including the use of the societal perspective and an annual discount rate of 3%. The CEA was based on several important assumptions. In this paper, I review the methods and assumptions used to obtain the base case estimate of $81,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. In addition, I show how this estimate varied widely among different subsets and when some of the base case assumptions were changed and speculate on the cost-effectiveness of CT screening for lung cancer outside the NLST.