cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting post-absorptive protein and amino acid metabolism

ABSTRACT Sustainable production of adequate quantities of food to support a growing human population is a worldwide goal. Under current feeding conditions in the United States, dairy cattle convert dietary nitrogen to milk nitrogen with 25% efficiency. The remaining 75% is excreted, which contributes to air and water quality problems and reduces economic performance of the industry. Efficiency could be improved to 29% if protein was given to just meet current NRC requirements. Additional improvements may be achievable, but only with improved knowledge of amino acid (AA) requirements. The current metabolizable protein requirement model overestimates true requirements due to lack of knowledge of AA supply and requirements and to intrinsic limitations in system data and assumptions. Existing protein supply models based on passage and degradation rates are biased, which undermines predictions of AA supply. The use of an equation driven solely by protein solubility of each ingredient in the diet with no consideration of the effects of passage rate yielded unbiased predictions with significant improvements in precision. However, this still leaves a problem in predicting the AA composition of the ruminally undegraded protein (RUP). Current models generally assume that RUP AA composition equals the parent ingredient composition, but assessments of RUP AA composition indicate that this is false. Thus, bias is being introduced into predictions of the absorbed AA supply, which hampers derivation of estimates of AA digestion and absorption from the small intestine. Emerging isotope-based methods hold promise in allowing assessment of AA availability from individual ingredients in vivo, which will allow construction of a database of true ingredient AA bioavailabilities. These efforts will eventually allow development of more robust predictions of AA supply. On the AA requirement side, numerous data indicate that the efficiency of metabolizable protein use for lactation is variable and maximally 45%, whereas most models assume an efficiency of 65% or greater. The efficiencies of individual AA are centered on the protein efficiency value with those lower in efficiency, likely being provided in large excess. A better representation of the use efficiency of individual AA would allow improvements in overall animal N efficiency. Variable efficiency is driven by regulatory mechanisms that control protein synthesis in response to the supply of energy and individual AA and circulating concentrations of hormones and these drivers act independently and additively. Under this theory, protein synthesis can respond to nutrients other than the one identified as most limiting. Reflecting this regulation in our requirement models will allow better prediction of AA efficiency and enable construction of diets that minimize excess of individual AA by optimizing the energy and hormonal signals to improve N efficiency. Models of such an interacting system have been developed and shown to be superior in performance to models based on current paradigms.
The Right Answer for the Right Reason: My Personal Goal for Quantum Chemistry

A brief history of quantum theory is given to illustrate the barriers to progress caused by preconceived ideas. The biases in my own thinking which I had to overcome to approach the right answer fo...
What’s new in the new ideology critique?

I argue that contemporary accounts of ideology critique—paradigmatically those advanced by Haslanger, Jaeggi, Celikates, and Stanley—are either inadequate or redundant. The Marxian concept of ideology—a collective epistemic distortion or irrationality that helps maintain bad social arrangements—has recently returned to the forefront of debates in contemporary analytic social philosophy. Ideology critique has similarly emerged as a technique for combating such social ills by remedying those collective epistemic distortions. Ideologies are sets of social meanings or shared understandings. I argue in this paper that because agents must coordinate on them to be mutually intelligible, ideologies, on the fashionable contemporary account, are conventions. They are equilibrium solutions to a particular kind of social coordination problem. The worry is that changing pernicious conventions requires more than the epistemic remedy contemporary critical social theorists prescribe. It also requires overcoming strategic impediments like high first-mover costs. Thus contemporary proponents of ideology critique—the “new ideology critics,” as I’ll call them—face a dilemma. Either their account of social change fails to account for important strategic impediments to social change, in which case it is inadequate, or it incorporates a theory of strategic behavior, and thus merely reinvents the wheel, poorly. It adds nothing to prominent convention-based accounts of social change in the social sciences. More generally, this is an example of a pernicious trend in contemporary critical social theory. Contemporary critical social theorists have abandoned their predecessors’ commitment to engaging with social science, thereby undermining their efforts.
ADVANCED TRAINING IN CARDIAC CT FOR GENERAL CARDIOLOGY FELLOWS: SHOULD THIS BE THE NEW NORM?

With the emergence of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) as an important non-invasive modality for imaging cardiac pathology, increasing the level of training that general cardiology fellows receive in CCT is paramount. The most recent recommendations regarding CCT for cardiology fellows come from
Revisiting racial differences in ESRD due to ADPKD in the United States

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) affects all races. Whether the progression of ADPKD varies by race remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2013 non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites of all ages classified in the US Renal Data System (USRDS) with incident ESRD from ADPKD (n = 23,647), hypertension/large vessel disease (n = 296,352), or diabetes mellitus (n = 451,760) were stratified into five-year age categories ranging from 75 (e.g., < 40, 40–44, 45–49, …, 75+). The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to determine the association of race and incidence of ESRD from ADPKD, diabetes, or hypertension. The difference in the proportions of ESRD in non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white patients at each age categorical bin was compared by two-sample proportion test. The age of ESRD onset between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white patients at each year was compared using two-sample t-test with unequal variance. 1.068% of non-Hispanic blacks and 2.778% of non-Hispanic whites had ESRD attributed to ADPKD. Non-Hispanic blacks were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to have ESRD attributed to ADPKD (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.36–0.39), p < 0.0001). Using US Census data as the denominator to adjust for population differences non-Hispanic blacks were still slightly under-represented (OR (95% CI) 0.94 (0.91–0.96), p = 0.004). However, non-Hispanic blacks with ADPKD had a younger age of ESRD (54.4 years ±13) than non-Hispanic whites (55.9 years ±12.8) (p < 0.0001). For those < 40 years old, more non-Hispanic blacks had incident ESRD from ADPKD than non-Hispanic whites (9.49% vs. 7.68%, difference (95% CI) = 1.81% (0.87–2.84%), p < 0.001) for the combined years examined. As previously shown, we find the incidence of ESRD from ADPKD in non-Hispanic blacks is lower than in non-Hispanic whites. Among the younger ADPKD population (age < 40), however, more non-Hispanic blacks initiated dialysis than non-Hispanic whites. Non-Hispanic blacks with ADPKD initiated dialysis younger than non-Hispanic whites. A potential implication of these findings may be that black race should be considered an additional risk factor for progression in ADPKD.
Aging changes in protective balance and startle responses to sudden drop perturbations.

This study investigated the role of startle as a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to balance impairment in aging. We measured neuromotor responses as younger and older adults stood on a pl...
Flow regime transitions and effects on solute transport in surfactant-driven Marangoni flows.

Abstract Hypothesis Surfactant-driven Marangoni flow on liquid films is predicted to depend on subphase depth and initial surface tension difference between the subphase and deposited surfactant solution drop. Changes in flow behavior will impact transport of soluble species entrained in the Marangoni flow along the surface. In extreme cases, the subphase film may rupture, limiting transport. Understanding this behavior is important for applications in drug delivery, coatings, and oil spill remediation. Experiments A trans-illumination optical technique measured the subphase height profiles and drop content transport after drop deposition when varying initial subphase depth, surfactant concentration, and subphase viscosity. Findings Three distinct flow regimes were identified depending on the subphase depth and surfactant concentration and mapped onto an operating diagram. These are characterized as a “central depression” bounded by an outwardly traveling ridge, an “annular depression” bounded by a central dome and the traveling ridge, and an “annular dewetting” when the subphase ruptures. Well above the critical micelle concentration, transitions between regimes occur at characteristic ratios of gravitational and initial surface tension gradient stresses; transitions shift when surfactant dilution during spreading weakens the stress before the completion of the spreading event. Drop contents travel with the ridge, but dewetting hinders transport.
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural differences between subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia

Objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an uncommon idiopathic facial pain syndrome. To assist in diagnosis, treatment, and research, TN is often classified as type 1 (TN1) when pain is primarily paroxysmal and episodic or type 2 (TN2) when pain is primarily constant in character. Recently, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed microstructural changes in the symptomatic trigeminal root and root entry zone of patients with unilateral TN. In this study, the authors explored the differences in DTI parameters between subcategories of TN, specifically TN1 and TN2, in the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract. Methods The authors enrolled 8 patients with unilateral TN1, 7 patients with unilateral TN2, and 23 asymptomatic controls. Patients underwent DTI with parameter measurements in a region of interest within the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract. DTI parameters were compared between groups. Results In the pontine segment, the radial diffusivity (p = 0.0049) and apparent diffusion coefficient (p = 0.023) values in TN1 patients were increased compared to the values in TN2 patients and controls. The DTI measures in TN2 were not statistically significant from those in controls. When comparing the symptomatic to asymptomatic sides in TN1 patients, radial diffusivity was increased (p = 0.025) and fractional anisotropy was decreased (p = 0.044) in the symptomatic sides. The apparent diffusion coefficient was increased, with a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.066). Conclusions Noninvasive DTI analysis of patients with TN may lead to improved diagnosis of TN subtypes (e.g., TN1 and TN2) and improve patient selection for surgical intervention. DTI measurements may also provide insights into prognosis after intervention, as TN1 patients are known to have better surgical outcomes than TN2 patients.
Incidence of Vascular Thromboembolic Events in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy: A Single Institution Experience

Abstract Introduction: Cancer is known to cause a hypercoagulable state predisposing to venous thromboembolism (VTE). In a retrospective study by Lyman et al., the incidence of VTE 3.5 months after starting chemotherapy was 7.3% rising to 13.5% at 12 months in a cohort of more than 27,000 patients. A two-fold increase in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has also been reported in hospitalized cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients. Systemic cancer treatments are known to be associated with increased VTE risk but the incidence of vascular thromboembolic events with newer treatment modalities like immunotherapy has not been broadly investigated. This study aims to assess the incidence of vascular events including VTE, strokes and myocardial infarction in cancer patients receiving anti PD1/PDL1 therapy at a single institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 154 cancer patients over 18 years of ages, who were treated with anti PD-1/PDL-1 therapy at the University of Oklahoma from 2014 to 2016. We used descriptive statistics to describe the incidence of vascular thromboembolic events. Kaplan Meier Survival analysis was used to estimate the progression free survival (PFS) according to VTE occurrence. Results: The majority of patients were females (57%). The median age was 63 years (range 23-89). Median number of treatments received was 5 (range 1-30). Lung cancer was the most common diagnosis (20.8%) followed by melanoma (20.1%) and ovarian cancer (12.3%). 92% of patients had stage 4 cancer. Nivolumab was the most commonly used agent (47.4%) followed by Pembrolizumab (22.7%), other investigational agents (22.7%) and Atezolizumab (7.2%). The median follow up time was 198 days (approximately 7 months). VTE occurred in 16/154 patients (10%). Nine patients had DVT, 6 patients had PE and 1 patient had DVT and PE. VTE was most common in patients with lung cancer (17%) and patients with ovarian cancer (17%). The occurrence of VTE was not significantly associated with a worse progression free survival [150 days versus 146 days for VTE occurrence vs no occurrence respectively (p = 0.725)]. No cases of stroke or myocardial infarction were recorded. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE in this cohort of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy appeared to be similar to the incidence previously reported with other systemic therapies. No arterial thromboembolic events were recorded in our study. Large multicenter studies are needed to derive definite conclusions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unexpected diversity of Microscydmus Saulcy amp; Croissandeau in Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

The genus Microscydmus Saulcy Croissandeau is recorded for the first time from the Japanese Archipelago. Eight species are described: Microscydmus okinawanus sp. n., M. oharaensis sp. n., M. nishimeanus sp. n., M. kochiensis sp. n., M. elytratus sp. n., M. tibialis sp. n., M. yusuharanus sp. n., and M. omogonus sp. n. All new species are placed in the nominotypical subgenus, and Japan becomes a country that houses the greatest recorded species richness of Microscydmus (s. str.). The new species are distributed on Shikoku and in the Ryukyus. A novel character was found, previously unknown in Microscydmus: a pair of long lateral setae on the posterior margin of vertex, clearly visible in some of the newly described species. These setae are not thicker than surrounding ones, but stand out because of their remarkable length. A re-examination of SEM images obtained during previous studies confirmed the presence of these setae also in M. nanus, the European type species of the genus, in which, however, these setae are obscured by surrounding vestiture. Among Glandulariini, such a pair of setae has been known only in the extinct Upper Cretaceous Scydmobisetia Jaloszynski Yamamoto.
Deep Learning Detection of Penumbral Tissue on Arterial Spin Labeling in Stroke

Background and Purpose- Selection of patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment generally relies on dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography perfusion. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging requires injection of contrast, whereas computed tomography perfusion requires high doses of ionizing radiation. The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL)-based algorithm for assisting the selection of suitable patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment based on 3-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL). Methods- A total of 167 image sets of 3-dimensional pCASL data from 137 patients with acute ischemic stroke scanned on 1.5T and 3.0T Siemens MR systems were included for neural network training. The concurrently acquired dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to produce labels of hypoperfused brain regions, analyzed using commercial software. The DL and 6 machine learning (ML) algorithms were trained with 10-fold cross-validation. The eligibility for endovascular treatment was determined retrospectively based on the criteria of perfusion/diffusion mismatch in the DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke). The trained DL algorithm was further applied on twelve 3-dimensional pCASL data sets acquired on 1.5T and 3T General Electric MR systems, without fine-tuning of parameters. Results- The DL algorithm can predict the dynamic susceptibility contrast-defined hypoperfusion region in pCASL with a voxel-wise area under the curve of 0.958, while the 6 ML algorithms ranged from 0.897 to 0.933. For retrospective determination for subject-level endovascular treatment eligibility, the DL algorithm achieved an accuracy of 92%, with a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.95. When applied to the GE pCASL data, the DL algorithm achieved a voxel-wise area under the curve of 0.94 and a subject-level accuracy of 92% for endovascular treatment eligibility. Conclusions- pCASL perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with the DL algorithm provides a promising approach for assisting decision-making for endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
A low-cost multi-patient pressure-controlled ventilation system with individualized parameter settings.

In a major health crisis, demand for mechanical ventilators may exceed supply. This scenario has led to the idea of connecting ventilation circuits in parallel to ventilate multiple patients simultaneously with the same machine. However, simple parallel connection may be harmful when the patients respiratory system mechanics differ. The aim of this work was to develop and test a low-cost, multi-patient, pressure-controlled ventilation system in which parameter settings could be individualized. Two types of circuits were built from polyvinyl chloride plumbing tubes and connectors, with ball valves and water columns used to control pressures. The circuits were connected to test lungs of differing compliances, ventilated in parallel at 20 cycles per minute and assessed for control error, variability and interdependency during peak inspiratory (20 to 35 cmH2O, in 5 cmH2O steps) and positive end-expiratory (5 to 20 to 5 cmH2O, in 5 cmH2O steps) pressure changes in one of the circuits. Results showed control errors lower than 1 cmH2O, a maximum standard deviation in pressure of 1.4 cmH2O and no dependency between the parallel circuits during the pressure maneuvers or a controlled disconnection/reconnection. This pressure-control system might be used to expand a commercial ventilator or, with constant gas inflow and an automated outlet valve, as a stand-alone ventilator with individually-controlled settings for multiple patients. In conclusion, the proposed solution is presented as a potentially reliable strategy for safely individualizing pressure-control parameters in a multi-patient ventilation system during a major health crisis.
Content Analysis of Instagram Posts From 2019 With Cartoon-Based Marketing of e-Cigarette-Associated Products.

This research study examines the prevalence of cartoon images promoting e-cigarette–associated products on Instagram and their association with likes from users.
Band gap tuning of TiO2 NP–SWCNT nanocomposite materials using surfactant synthesis techniques

Abstract Optimizing photocatalysts to function within the visible region offers enhanced economics considering that 40% of the sun’s energy is in the visible region, compared to just 4% in the UV region. To better utilize available solar flux, nanocomposite materials using TiO2 nanoparticles and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied. Separating the SWCNT bundles using surfactants combined with a photo-assisted sol–gel preparation produced low band gap (
Educational intimacy: Learning, prefiguration, and relationships in an LGBTQ+ youth group’s advocacy efforts

Using a conceptualization of learning as the act of organizing possible futures, I examine prefigurative relationship-building processes. Youth organizing research has shown that relational and pol...
OLIG2 maintenance is not essential for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cell line growth but regulates tumor phenotypes.

Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a pediatric lethal high-grade brainstem glioma with no effective therapies. OLIG2 (oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2) was reported to be critical for the growth of a DIPG cell line CCHMC-DIPG-1. Surprisingly, we found that the CCHMC-DIPG-1 cells express little OLIG2 and exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype, which raised a question regarding the role of OLIG2 in the growth of DIPG cells. Methods We evaluated the function of OLIG2 in different DIPG cell lines through molecular and genetic approaches and performed transcriptomic and genomic landscape profiling including whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq. shRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout approaches were utilized to assess OLIG2 functions in DIPG cell growth. Results We found that DIPG cells are phenotypically heterogeneous and exhibit the characteristics of distinct malignant gliomas including proneural, classical, and mesenchymal subtypes. OLIG2 knockdown did not impact the growth of CCHMC-DIPG-1 cells, wherein OLIG2 is epigenetically silenced. Moreover, OLIG2 deletion did not substantially impair OLIG2-expressing proneural-like DIPG growth but led to an upregulation of HIPPO-YAP1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and a tumor phenotype shift. Targeting HIPPO-YAP1 and EGFR signaling in OLIG2-deficient DIPG cells inhibited tumor cell growth. Conclusions Our data indicate that OLIG2 is dispensable for DIPG growth but regulates the phenotypic switch of DIPG tumor cells. OLIG2 downregulation leads to deregulation of adaptive YAP1 and EGFR signaling. Targeting YAP1 and EGFR pathways inhibits the growth of OLIG2-deficient DIPG cells, pointing to a therapeutic potential by targeting adaptive signaling to treat DIPG tumors with nominal OLIG2 expression.
Para una filosofía de la música: Un enfoque fenomenológico; Aproximación al pensamiento de Ernest Ansermet.

This book begins with an epigraph from poet Paul Valery’s Cahiers 1894–95, holding that no error in philosophy exceeds that of including among philosophers only professional philosophers; for all i...
What's in Your Drink? Poster Educates Families About Sugar Content and Fatty Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVE Drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is a risk factor for developing childhood obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the impact of an educational poster in pediatric offices on family's knowledge of sugar content in beverages and assessed awareness of NAFLD. DESIGN Preclinic visit surveys asked patients' caregivers about the sugar content in beverages and awareness of NAFLD. Postclinic visit surveys assessed improvement in knowledge of sugar content and willingness to change dietary habits. SETTING Outpatient visits in a single center in Houston between September and November 2019. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and forty-nine caregivers were surveyed, and patients' median age was 5.5 years (range, 0-18 years) with 57% males. INTERVENTION Educational posters displayed the sugar content of common beverages in each clinic room. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes measured included pre-post clinic visit change and predictors of change in (1) knowledge of sugar content in beverages and (2) intent to change beverage consumption. Baseline awareness of NAFLD and associated predictors were also assessed. ANALYSIS Logistic regression identified factors associated with an intended change in beverage consumption, change in survey score, and NAFLD awareness. RESULTS Increased knowledge of sugar content with median scores of 25% preclinic to 50% postclinic (P < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent of caregivers were very/moderately likely to provide their children fewer sugar-sweetened beverages. Sixty percent of caregivers were aware of NAFLD, but only 32.8% were concerned. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Posters in clinics increased awareness of the sugar content in beverages, and most caregivers reported intent to decrease children's sugary beverage consumption.
Excellent and Gender Equal? Academic Motherhood and ‘Gender Blindness’ in Norwegian Academia

The study seeks to understand the persistence of inequality for women in Norwegian academia by examining the paradox of the female academic’s struggle between motherhood and achieving ‘star researc...
The Adaptation of a Clinic-Adjacent Parking Garage for Drive-In COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: The distribution and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines to billions of people worldwide will likely be one of the biggest public health undertakings in history. There has been a large focus on identifying processes to safely, efficiently, and effectively vaccinate large populations. We aimed to describe the development and operationalization of a drive-in COVID-19 vaccine site in a parking garage adjacent to outpatient clinics at University of Florida (UF) Health Physicians and how it was informed by the roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 testing and administration of respiratory vaccinations. Design/Methodology/Approach: A technical description and analysis of a drive-in COVID-19 vaccine site. Findings: We incrementally increased the number of vaccines performed per day from 300 in the first 2 weeks to 700 an additional 2 weeks later. By the end of January, we completed nearly 14 000 vaccinations. At this capacity, we estimate the site could performed 5000 vaccinations per week. Practical Implications: This manuscript provides step-by-step guidance how to develop, operationalize, and implement a sustainable drive-in COVID-19 vaccination site. Originality/Value: To our knowledge, this is the first description of a drive-in approach to COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings can help inform other health entities as they develop or expand vaccination efforts that may serve as a template for other sites to adapt.
Evolution and Usage of the Portal Data Archive: 10-Year Retrospective

The Portal transportation data archive (http://portal.its.pdx.edu/) was begun in June 2004 in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Transportation, with a single data source: freeway loop detector data. In 10 years, Portal has grown to contain approximately 3 TB of transportation-related data from a wide variety of systems and sources, including freeway data, arterial signal data, travel times from Bluetooth detection systems, transit data, and bicycle count data. Over its 10-year existence, Portal has expanded both in the type of data that it receives and in the geographic regions from which it gets data. This paper discusses the evolution of Portal. The paper describes the new data, new regions, and new systems that have been added and how those changes have affected the archive. The paper concludes with a section on the uses of Portal that provides several examples of how Portal data have been used by regional partners, with a focus on measuring the performance of the multimodal transportation sy...
I. Frozen sections through uterus of woman dying during third stage of labor, illustrating mechanism of placental separation and extrusion. II. Frozen sections through uterus of woman dying from central placenta previa, following Braxton-Hicks version

HESE specimens a,re of considerable pathologic interest, but since they have been so clearly reprodueed in the accompanying illustrations by Mr. W. B. McNett of Johns Hopkins it is necessary to do little more than briefly outline the history of each ease, and point out in an explanatory way certain particularly important features of each specimen. CASE L--Mm. D. W. H. (Hosp. No. 6X7-1916) was B primipara, nineteen yea,r~ of age. Upon admission to the hospital she was moribund with advanced edema of the lungs7 dyspnea, a pulse rate inaccurately determined at about 160, and in fact, every symptom of acute cardiac decompensation. The head of a six and a half months’ fetus was shov>-ing at the vulva, and had been visible for one hour previous to admission, according to the report of Dr. J. N. Stanton ~rho had been called to see the1 patient for the first time a few hours earlier. The symptoms developed acutely at 3 A. Y., this being about the time her labor began. She entered the’ hospital at 6:45 A. N., and without anesthesia the head was lifted out with forceps a few minutes later, the patient dying two minutes after the birth of the fetus (7~30 A. TE.). The autopsy showed edema throughout both lungs, acute exacerbation of chronic nephritis, and acute dilatation of the heart. The uterus with the placenta h sitzb, the bladder, part of the vagina and rectum were removed, frozen and longitudinal sections cut.
Unisys SAFENET data transfer system (layers 1-4)

The Unisys fiber optic data transfer system (DTS), which is a compatible implementation of the lower four layers of the US Navy SAFENET standard, is described. SAFENET (survivable, adaptable, fiber optic, embedded network) is a real-time information transfer system. It combines standard LAN protocols with widely accepted ISO OSI (open systems interconnection) protocols and a fiber-optic transmission system to: (1) provide an open system environment which enhances interoperability and communicability; (2) provide improved connectivity and flexibility; and (3) allow for graceful evolution to fully distributed system architectures. >
Accelerated curing of cementitious systems by carbon dioxide: Part I. Portland cement

Abstract Treatment of portland cement mortars with carbon dioxide immediately after molding produces compressive strengths higher than samples hydrated for one day under normal conditions. The water/cement ratio is critical in that sufficient moisture must be present for carbonation to occur rapidly, but not so much as to fill pores and impede the diffusion of CO 2 into the sample. Increases in the sand/cement ratio reduced strength. Increases in compaction pressure used to mold samples, increased strength of the carbonated specimens, as did mechanical mixing. Posthydration of carbonated samples increased strength about 30 and 45 percent after one and three days respectively. Upon hydration, the strength gain of carbonated samples reached a plateau at three days while the noncarbonated samples continued to gain strength and finally exceeded the strength of carbonated samples at 14 days. Autoclave curing of carbonated samples resulted in higher strengths than with noncarbonated samples.
A rigorous analysis of the pattern of intron conservation supports the coelomata clade of animals

Many intron positions are conserved in varying subsets of eukaryotic genomes and, consequently, comprise a potentially informative class of phylogenetic characters. Roy and Gilbert developed a method of phylogenetic reconstruction using the patterns of intron presence-absence in eukaryotic genes and, applying this method to the analysis of animal phylogeny, obtained support for an Ecdysozoa clade ([1]). The critical assumption in the method was the independence of the rates of intron loss in different branches of the phylogenetic. Here, this assumption is refuted by showing that the branch-specific intron loss rates are strongly correlated. We show that different tree topologies are obtained, in each case with a significant statistical support, when different subsets of intron positions are analyzed. The analysis of the conserved intron positions supports the Coelomata topology, i.e., a clade comprised of arthropods and chordates, whereas the analysis of more variable intron positions favors the Ecdysozoa topology, i.e., a clade of arthropods and nematodes. We show, however, that the support for Ecdysozoa is fully explained by parallel loss of introns in nematodes and arthropods, a factor that does not contribute to the analysis of the conserved introns. The developed procedure for the identification and analysis of conserved introns and other characters with minimal or no homoplasy is expected to be useful for resolving many hard phylogenetic problems.
Unbiased estimation of relative reproductive success of different groups: evaluation and correction of bias caused by parentage assignment errors

Parentage assignment is widely applied to studies on mating systems, population dynamics and natural selection. However, little is known about the consequence of assignment errors, especially when some parents are not sampled. We investigated the effects of two types of error in parentage assignment, failing to assign a true parent (type A) and assigning an untrue parent (type B), on an estimate of the relative reproductive success (RRS) of two groups of parents. Employing a mathematical approach, we found that (i) when all parents are sampled, minimizing either type A or type B error insures the minimum bias on RRS, and (ii) when a large number of parents is not sampled, type B error substantially biases the estimated RRS towards one. Interestingly, however, (iii) when all parents were sampled and both error rates were moderately high, type A error biased the estimated RRS even more than type B error. We propose new methods to obtain an unbiased estimate of RRS and the number of offspring whose parents are not sampled (zW(z)), by correcting the error effects. Applying them to genotypic data from steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we illustrated how to estimate and control the assignment errors. In the data, we observed up to a 30% assignment error and a strong trade-off between the two types of error, depending on the stringency of the assignment decision criterion. We show that our methods can efficiently estimate an unbiased RRS and zW(z) regardless of assignment method, and how to maximize the statistical power to detect a difference in reproductive success between groups.
Radical‐Party Politics in Illinois, 1880–1924*

Sufficient impressionistic evidence exists in the previous literature to warrant a detailed consideration of the voting behavior of working-class and minority groups in relation to radical third parties. The present paper is concerned with analyzing some of the sources of support for radical third parties in Illinois from 1880 to 1924. We find that a coalition between a rural proletariat and the urban working class appeared to be a potentially viable source of support for the Socialist Party of America, since the groups involved were both numerically large and potentially crucial in determining the outcome of any election. Yet the Socialists were never able to capture more than a very modest fraction of the total vote, and even among their potential backers, the electoral enthusiasm for the Socialists was fractionalized and unstable.
Experiment to characterize optical turbulence along a 2.33 km free-space laser path via differential image motion measurements

In a previous experiment (Tunick, 2008: Optics Express 16, 14645-14654), values for the refractive index structure constant and the Fried parameter were calculated from measurements of signal intensity and angle-of-arrival statistics based on idealized models. Calculated turbulence parameters were evaluated in comparison to scintillometer-based measurements for several cases. It was found that the idealized models alone were insufficient to accurately describe complex, non-uniform microclimate and turbulence conditions. In addition, the signal intensity and focal spot displacement measurements were quite sensitive to platform and light source jitter. In order to compensate for adverse effects such as platform vibrations, an alternative differential image motion method is explored for optical turbulence parameter characterization. Hence, further experimental research is conducted along a 2.33 km free-space laser path to capture differential image centroid data from which Fried parameter and refractive index structure constant information can be obtained. This research is intended to provide useful information for US Army laser communications, long-range imaging and energy-on-target.
Some preliminary results from the NWTC direct-drive, variable-speed test bed

With the remarkable rise in interest in variable-speed operation of larger wind turbines, it has become important for the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) to have access to a variable-speed test bed that can be specially instrumented for research. Accordingly, a three-bladed, 10-meter, downwind, Grumman Windstream machine has been equipped with a set of composite blades and a direct-coupled, permanent-magnet, 20 kilowatt generator. This machine and its associated control system and data collection system are discussed. Several variations of a maximum power control algorithm have been installed on the control computer. To provide a baseline for comparison, several constant speed algorithms have also been installed. The present major effort is devoted to daytime, semi-autonomous data collection.
The freeon theory of magnetism. I. The Heisenberg interaction

The freeon theory of magnetism is a viable alternative to the well-known Heisenberg theory. In particular, the freeon-exchange theory provides a deeper insight into the nature of the magnetic interaction than does the spin-exchange theory. In addition, it avoids the superfluous MS quantum number in zero-field splitting, the overcounting of spin states, the spin frustration, and the spin paradigm. The freeon-exchange theory employs the algebra of the symmetric group and/or the unitary group in place of the spin algebra. The basis vectors of freeon theory are the Gel'fand states which are uniquely labeled by Gel'fand diagrams; the latter provide both the electron configuration and the spin quantum number. Both the spin and the freeon formulations support the Lande interval rule. In this article, we apply freeon theory to transition-metal dimers, trimers, and tetramers; these are examples of molecular magnets which have applications to microcircuitry. The freeon theory follows the permutation-group principle laid down by Herman Weyl over one-half a century ago. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 65: 287–297, 1997
Long lifetimes of excitons in stressed Ge

Abstract We have measured an extremely long lifetime of 1.5 ms for strain-confined excitons in Ge below 3.2 K. This compares favorably with our predicted radiative lifetime of 2.0 ms in stressed Ge. Above 3.2 K, a rapid decrease in the exciton lifetime is observed with increasing temperature, concurrent with an exponential decrease in the observed luminescence intensity. Three models for thermally-activated loss of strain-confined excitons are considered as possible explanations. Also, the liquid-gas transition is examined by spatial scanning techniques.
Symmetrical wavelet transforms for edge localization

The performance of a wavelet-based edge detector is characterized by a set of digital filters that implement the wavelet transform. We clarify the issue of whether an implementation filter for the wavelet transform can be centered at the origin while still maintaining the desired spatial domain localization. It is shown that this is possible only when the filter (or the wavelet) possesses an even-symmetry * with respect to the origin. When the filter (or the wavelet) is antisymmetric with respect to the origin, however, the filter coefficients converge in the order of 1/ n , producing a poor spatial domain localization. We show that the optimal axis of antisymmetry for the filter is located at the half-sample point to either side of the origin. We also present a scheme to adjust the degree of spatial filtering to balance between two conflicting factors of suppressing noise and preserving edges.
Toward self-assembled surface-mounted prismatic altitudinal rotors. A test case: trigonal and tetragonal prisms.

A self-assembly path toward prismatic molecular rotors based on transversely reactive terminally metalated molecular rods and pyridine-terminated star connectors has been extended. The concept has been tested on the assembly of trigonal and tetragonal prisms from the biphenyl rod, [Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2]Pt+-C6H4-C6H4-Pt+[Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2], and the star-shaped connectors, 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylpyridyl)benzene and [tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutadiene]cyclopentadienylcobalt, respectively. The prisms have been fully characterized by NMR and MS, including diffusion-ordered NMR and collision-induced dissociation, and their chiral structures optimized by molecular mechanics are discussed.
Maternal rank and early social interactions of infant stumptail macaques, Macaca arctoides

The social interactions of six infant stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) in a captive colony at the Yerkes Field Station in Lawrenceville, Georgia, were studied for the first six months of life. The social interactions of the infants are described and attention is paid to male care, or paternal behavior, directed toward infants. Episodes in which a male appears to use a baby to regulate his behavior with another monkey (“agonistic buffering”) are described. Maternal rank was found to influence the frequency of occurrence of certain of the interactions the infants experienced.
Atmospheric inputs and nitrogen saturation status in and adjacent to Class I wilderness areas of the northeastern US

Atmospheric inputs of N and S in bulk deposition (open collectors) and throughfall (beneath canopy collectors) were measured in and adjacent to two Class 1 wilderness areas of the northeastern US. In general, atmospheric S inputs followed our expectations with throughfall S fluxes increasing with elevation in the White Mountains, New Hampshire and throughfall S fluxes being greater in coniferous than deciduous stands in both sites. In contrast, throughfall N fluxes decreased significantly with elevation. Throughfall NO3 − fluxes were greater in coniferous than deciduous stands of Lye Brook, Vermont, but were greater in deciduous than coniferous stands of the White Mountains. We found overlap in the range of values for atmospheric N inputs between our measurements and monitoring data [National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET)] for wet and total (wet + dry) deposition at Lye Brook. However, our measurements of total S deposition in the White Mountains and bulk (wet) deposition at both Lye Brook and the White Mountains were significantly lower than NADP plus CASTNET, and NADP data, respectively. Natural abundance 18O in throughfall and bulk deposition were not significantly different, suggesting that there was no significant biological production of $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ via nitrification in the canopy. NO3 − concentrations in streams were low and had natural abundance 18O values consistent with microbial production, demonstrating that atmospheric N is being biologically transformed while moving through these watersheds and that these forested watersheds are unlikely to be N saturated.
Visualizing an enterprise social network from email

Understanding the patterns of sending and receiving email within an organization may help us to understand the historical and social dimensions of that organization. In addition to asynchronous person-to-person communication, email is also used for other purposes such as task management and personal archives. However, tools for visualizing, analyzing, and understanding communication patterns tend to focus on a static view of such patterns. We are developing a visualization system to help users perform tasks from perspectives based on temporal and connectivity patterns. Specifically, our system is designed to support browsing the email archive of W3C working groups. The archive has been made available to the TREC 2005 Enterprise Competition. This system supports both temporal views and linkage views. Temporal views can help users easily find a mail. Linkage views show emails that belong to the same discussion group. Linkage views make it easy to extract related information by showing the relationships of those messages and senders
Model of heating and ignition of conductive polydisperse powder in electrostatic discharge

Heating of a conductive polydisperse powder by electrostatic discharge (ESD) is modelled numerically. Powder packing is described using a discrete element model; powder resistance is defined by geometry of particle contacts and properties of plasma produced by electrical breakdown between neighbour particles. A set of parametric calculations in combination with experimental data is used to determine necessary adjustable model parameters. The model predicts the temperature for each powder particle resulting from its heating by the ESD current. Location and packing of individual particles within the powder affects greatly their achieved temperatures and thus the likelihood of ignition. Consistently with experiments, a trend showing that smaller particles are generally heated to higher temperatures at a given ESD energy is detected for coarser powders; this trend becomes less clear for finer powders with particle sizes less than the breakdown distance given by the Paschen curve in air. Comparison of the expe...
Formal and Informal Crime Control: An Exploratory Study of Urban, Suburban, and Rural Orientations*

(1971). Formal and Informal Crime Control: An Exploratory Study of Urban, Suburban, and Rural Orientations. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 319-327.
The solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using Gauss-Seidel line relaxation

The Navier-Stokes equations in an implicit flux-split difference formulation are solved numerically using a Gauss-Seidel line-relaxation procedure. Particular attention is given to the selection of flux-vector splitting method and flux splitting in boundary layers. Results for sample problems involving (1) turbulent supersonic flow over a cone and (2) the viscous hypersonic flow of a chemically reacting gas in thermal nonequilibrium past a blunted cone are presented in extensive graphs and briefly characterized. The present flux-split procedures are shown to provide accurate shear-layer calculations.
Barrier coatings on cellulose fiber mat

Two techniques were used in the deposition of thin, pinhole-free vapor barriers upon a Kraft fiber mat without affecting its combustibility properties. One technique involved a collodion spray precoating followed by low pressure styrene plasma coating, and the other involved a collodion spray coating. In the formation of the above coatings, two functional steps are essential: (1) surface pore covering, and (2) nonporous barrier formation.