cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central Cholinergic Receptors in Cardiovascular and Antidiuretic Effects in Rats

Summary 1. Cardiovascular and antidiuretic responses to central cholinergic stimulation were investigated in conscious water loaded rats. 2. Pressor responses and antidiuresis were observed after injections of carbachol into the third ventricle. Intraventricular injection of nicotine produced bradycardia but no significant pressor or antidiuretic effects. 3. A prior injection of hexamethonium into the third ventricle abolished the effects of nicotine but did not attenuate the blood pressure increase or antidiuresis to carbachol. A prior injection of atropine into the third ventricle blocked both of these responses to carbachol, indicating the involvement of central periventricular muscarinic receptors in the central mediation of cardiovascular changes and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. 4. Analysis of blood levels of ADH after injection of carbachol into the third ventricle indicated the release of ADH in concentrations which were consistent with those seen to intravenous injections of ADH which produced equivalent antidiuresis, supporting the use of the on-line rat antidiuretic assay for measuring endogenous ADH release to central stimuli. 5. To test the possible involvement of catecholaminergic mechanisms in pressor and antidiuretic effect to cholineric receptor stimulation rats, carbachol was injected into the third ventricle of rats before and 10 min after central phentolamine treatment. Both pressor and antidiuretic effects of the carbachol injections were attenuated by phentolamine, indicating a role for a-adrenoreceptors in the mediation of both responses.
Precise dynamic slicing algorithms

Dynamic slicing algorithms can greatly reduce the de bugging effort by focusing the attention of the user on a relevant subset of program statements. In this paper we present the design and evaluation of three precise dynamic slicing algorithms called the full preprocessing (FP), no preprocessing (NP) and limited preprocessing (LP) algorithms. The algorithms differ in the relative timing of constructing the dynamic data dependence graph and its traversal for computing requested dynamic slices. Our experiments show that the LP algorithm is a fast and practical precise slicing algorithm. In fact we show that while precise slices can be orders of magnitude smaller than imprecise dynamic slices, for small number of slicing requests, the LP algorithm is faster than an imprecise dynamic slicing algorithm proposed by Agrawal and Horgan.
Aquitard effect on drawdown in water table aquifers

[1] The effects of an aquitard on drawdown in an overlying unconfined aquifer can be represented by a drainage-type term at the aquitard-aquifer interface. The functional form of this boundary condition is similar to the Boulton-Neuman boundary condition used for water table aquifers except the kernel contains an inverse square root of time instead of a negative exponential. Type curves using the new boundary condition were obtained in semianalytical form. Examples for several representative conditions show that the effect of the underlying aquitard can contribute to the type curve at early and intermediate times, but the effect becomes negligible at late times.
Issues in reduced-resolution decoding of MPEG video

Given a high resolution compressed video, we investigate the problem of simplifying the memory and computational requirements of the decoder, when the intended playback resolution is less than the encoded resolution. We show that significant savings can be obtained in the amount of temporary storage space used, memory bandwidth between the processor and local memory, and raw computational complexity, while not incurring a significant loss in perceptual quality. Most video compression standards make special adjustments to deal with interlaced video. We explore how the proposed solution adapts to these situations and suggest modifications which improve the quality of the reconstructed video. Results from using these algorithms on a number of test sequences compressed with the MPEG-2 standard are presented.
Newly expressed SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel mediates cerebral edema after ischemic stroke.

Pathological conditions in the central nervous system, including stroke and trauma, are often exacerbated by cerebral edema. We recently identified a nonselective cation channel, the NCCa-ATP channel, in ischemic astrocytes that is regulated by sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), is opened by depletion of ATP and, when opened, causes cytotoxic edema. Here, we evaluated involvement of this channel in rodent models of stroke. SUR1 protein and mRNA were newly expressed in ischemic neurons, astrocytes and capillaries. Upregulation of SUR1 was linked to activation of the transcription factor Sp1 and was associated with expression of functional NCCa-ATP but not KATP channels. Block of SUR1 with low-dose glibenclamide reduced cerebral edema, infarct volume and mortality by 50%, with the reduction in infarct volume being associated with cortical sparing. Our findings indicate that the NCCa-ATP channel is crucially involved in development of cerebral edema, and that targeting SUR1 may provide a new therapeutic approach to stroke.
A Strategic Approach To Managing Customer Service Quality

Service quality is an essential strategy for success and survival in today's competitive environment. Earlier discussions emphasized what service quality meant to customers and how to develop strategies to meet customer expectations. More recently, the focus has shifted to understanding the impact of service quality on profit and other financial outcomes of the organization. Lowering customer defection rates can be profitable to companies, at the same time lowering employee turnover and improving their satisfaction and loyalty can also reduce customer defection and maintain or increase profits. The purpose of this paper is to put forth an argument that to measure customer service quality is not only an important strategic approach, but is a critical and intertwined link to organizational commitment, communication, and employee satisfaction by improving and maintaining high standards of consistent service quality delivery. This strategic approach pulls together many previously tested models into a single workable assessment and feedback tool, with a particular focus on employee training, by establishing a strategic and measurable benchmarking index for continual monitoring and operational improvement.
Hurricane names: A bunch of hot air?

Abstract It has been argued that female-named hurricanes are deadlier because people do not take them seriously. However, this conclusion is based on a questionable statistical analysis of a narrowly defined data set. The reported relationship is not robust in that it is not confirmed by a straightforward analysis of more inclusive data or different data.
New Era for Biocomputing

New Era for Biocomputing Fast and cheaper Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies will generate unprecedentedly massive (thousands or even ten thousands of individuals) and highly-dimensional (ten or even dozens of millions) genomic and epigenomic variation data that allow nearly complete evaluation of genomic and epigenomic variation including common and rare variants, insertion/deletion, CNVs, mRNA by sequencing (RNA-seq), microRNA by sequencing (mRNA-seq), methylation by sequencing (methylation-seq) and Chip-seq. Analysis of these extremely big and diverse types of data sets provide powerful tools to comprehensively understand the genome and epigenomes.
Scrotal Gray Scale Ultrasonography

The various diseases which enlarge the scrotum may present with a similar clinical picture making differential diagnosis difficult. In the group with an enlarged scrotum, important conditions which may be clinically indeterminate include: 1) torsion of the testes and epididymitis; 2) epididymitis and testicular abscess; 3) non-transilluminating hydrocele or spermatocele and testicular tumor; 4) uncomplicated epididymitis and epididymitis associated with a testicular neoplasm. Another group of patients present with scrotal pain and a negative physical exam. Alternatively, metastatic neoplasm is found in peripheral mediastinal or retroperitoneal nodes in the face of a clinically negative scrotum. In either case, a noninvasive means of detecting an occult testicular neoplasm is desired.
Hate Crimes Laws: Progressive Politics or Balkanization?

A critical assessment of common arguments for hate crimes laws followed by the articulation and defense of a novel argument from oppression.
Bringing the social back: rethinking the declension narrative of twentieth-century US labour history

AbstractRecently historians have produced several important synthetic works explaining the decline of labour. Much of the scholarship advancing or supporting declension narratives of US labour are national studies grounded in political and urban history. In declension narratives, national business, political and labour leaders emerge as the primary actors, while pushing rank-and-file workers to the side. Declension narratives also neglect serious analyses of race and class formation, gender, radicalism and workers’ agency. This article argues for an approach that integrates more social history concerns into twentieth-century US labour history without forsaking the most illuminating contributions of declension narratives. Such a model illuminates and interrogates workers’ agency in response to political and economic transformations after 1945. An approach integrating social history would contextualize the construction of solidarity and identity formation in political and economic transformations such as de...
Phosphatase activity of the bones and kidneys in thyrotoxicosis.

Considerable experimental work has been done within the past few years on the phosphatase activity of various bodily tissues. Robison1 showed that soluble salts of hexosemonophosphoric esters were ...
ELEVATED PLASMA CARNITINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS ON CAPD

Carnitine, a small-molecular-weight quarternary amine, is lost from the plasma during hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. Reports are conflicting concerning plasma carnitine levels...
Characterization of Innate Immune Responses of Human Endothelial Cells Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Their Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis in atherosclerosis is supported by observations from epidemiological, clinical, immunological and molecular studies. Previously we reported that P. gingivalis vesicles have a much higher invasive efficiency than their originating cells. Here we further compare the role of P. gingivalis cells and their vesicles in expression of chemoattractant proteins including CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8, and adhesive molecules such as E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both P. gingivalis 33277 cells and vesicles were able to up-regulate expression of these molecules, while the vesicles acted as more potent inducers of the inflammatory response associated with the development of atherosclerosis, consequently resulting in significant monocyte adhesion to a monolayer of HUVECs. Interestingly, we found that elevated expression of CXCL8 and E-selectin in endothelial cells induced by P. gingivalis correlated with the invasive ability of P. gingivalis cells and vesicles. Non-invasive bacterial cells and vesicles had no effect on expression of these genes. This study highlights the potential risk of P. gingivalis cells and vesicles in initiation of atherosclerosis and provides a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics against bacteria-associated atherosclerosis.
THE ROLE OF SOLAR OBSERVATIONS IN DEVELOPING THE PRECLASSIC MAYA CALENDAR

Intervals of 260 days are recorded by architectural orientations at a number of Maya sites, a pattern that may have developed early at sites such as Nakbe. The 260-day calendar, emphasizing sets of 13 and 20 days, dates back to the Middle Preclassic, when early E-Groups in the Maya area were used for solar observations. These observations were probably linked with a maize cycle spanning 260 days. By the end of the Late Preclassic, however, most E-Groups were abandoned or modified for a different function, serving as a stage for rituals performed by rulers at a time when the Long Count calendar was being developed. The changing role of E-Groups relates to the rise of royal rituals associated with the detailed historical records documented in Maya Long Count inscriptions.
Global differences in industrial handheld device preference

One of the major concerns in managing a global organisation is the potential difficulty that could arise due to different cultural preferences for technologies. This study provides evidence that cultural difference can influence ruggedised handheld device design preference. Field workers from different world regions of a worldwide service company responded to a survey expressing their choices on four potential handheld devices, five available features, and on the most influencing feature. The region of the world from which the workers were domiciled was impactful and showed significant influence on device selection as well as on all of the feature preferences.
Group Intervention to Promote Self-Forgiveness

On its face, self-forgiveness sounds like something that an individual should do best. Individuals can work alone to bring about self-forgiveness, as has been illustrated by several interventions that aim to promote self-forgiveness using self-directed workbooks or individual psychotherapy. Only one existing intervention uses a group—a psychoeducational group within treatment for alcohol abuse. However, group treatment has advantages. First, the self is socially constructed, and therefore, we can change the self through social interactions. Second, therapeutic factors of group therapy can be used in self-forgiveness groups. Six interventions have been developed and tested. Those are reviewed in depth. We suggest that they can be used in psychoeducational or group therapy formats to promote self-forgiveness. We suggest a best-practices model for group psychotherapy, and we identify future research and clinical applications.
Calf age and sex affect maternal diving behaviour in Shark Bay bottlenose dolphins

Maternal care varies across taxa from brief, minimal care to long-term, intensive care. Mammalian mothers provide extensive and energetically expensive care by definition through pregnancy and lactation, which can extend for years, resulting in behavioural trade-offs between resource acquisition and direct care. In marine environments, mammalian mothers face unique challenges, such as the inability to cache or den their offspring while diving for prey. Dolphin newborns are precocious, accomplishing shallow dives in the first few weeks of life, however, fully mature diving and breath-holding capabilities take years to develop. Consequently, mothers are faced with a trade-off between diving and foraging or remaining close to and protecting their calves at the surface. Here we examined this trade-off, specifically by investigating whether mothers change their dive durations, especially during foraging, as a function of calf age. We used a longitudinal (1988–2014) data set on wild bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, in Shark Bay, Western Australia, which included 27 388 dive bouts from mothers (N = 26) and calves (N = 41). Our results show that maternal diving behaviour changes in response to calf age and sex. While both male and female calves increased their dive durations with age as expected, mothers were more likely to adjust their diving behaviour to accommodate female but not male calves, especially when daughters were in close proximity. This is consistent with findings that vertical social learning is more critical for daughters than for sons, and may reflect the sex-specific foraging and social tactics of the males and females more generally.
Differential performance of science park firms: an integrative model

This study integrates perspectives from the literature on science parks, environment dynamism, and on the resources-based view of the firm, to develop an integrative model of the park location value to resident firms. Consistent with our theorizing, the externalities generated by the science park, the firm’s idiosyncratic endowment in a wide range of resources, and its heterogeneous competitive environment jointly influence the differential performance of science park firms. The results suggest that firms residing in science parks with more co-located complementary firms demonstrate better sales and sales growth performance. A firm’s certain internal and external resource endowment and the munificent environments within which a firm operates serve as enabling conditions for better sales and sales growth performance.
Uncovering the Foundations of Social Capital: Client Relationships in Professional Services

The papers in this symposium advance our understanding of the nature of social capital by collecting and analyzing fine-grained information on individual professionals, their social networks, and/o...
Author Correction: A B-ARR-mediated cytokinin transcriptional network directs hormone cross-regulation and shoot development

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3. Panel b was inadvertently duplicated and the correct panel c was originally omitted. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Adaptive Mechanisms of Halophytes in Desert Regions

Plants growing in desert regions have to face a number of environmental adversaries such as high temperature, soil salinity and water stress due to low precipitation. Halophytes are among the successful plants that grow in desert saline regions. Halophytes use many different strategies to survive under these conditions. Some halophytes seeds can germinate in the presence of high salinity. Seeds of other halophytes are kept dormant due to the high salinity, but germinate when the rains come and reduce the salinity on the seeds. Persistent seed banks can be a source for new halophyte seedlings which permits seeds to germinate over different time periods when conditions are more favorable. Some root systems of halophytes can exclude salts. Other halophytes accumulate NaCl or synthesis osmotically compatible solutions such as proline, glycine betaine in their shoots to increase their ability to absorb water. Secreting salt from salt glands can reduce the salt level in certain halophytes. In other cases, the salt is compartmentalized in certain tissues of halophytes, which act as salt storage away from growing cells. Generally ion pumps prevent the salt from concentrated in cells that photosynthesize. Often halophytes develop succulence, which dilute the level of salt in the plant and stores water for use during dry periods.
InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes

In this chapter we discuss our InSAR observations of Aleutian volcanoes that have been active during historical time, starting with Kiska Volcano in the west and ending with Mount Wrangell in the east. The start of historical time in Alaska is poorly defined and varies considerably with location. Most early eruption reports were from ship captains or other explorers in the latter part of the eighteenth century; such reports are spotty and of questionable accuracy (e.g., fumarolic activity might have been mistaken for an eruption, or an eruption might have been attributed to the wrong volcano). Records are generally better near long-lasting indigenous settlements, but these are widely scattered and mostly absent in the more remote parts of the arc. Even in the latter half of the twentieth century, many eruption reports were from pilots flying over the area; such information is incomplete and in some cases could not be independently verified. A worldwide network of Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) was set up in the 1990s by the United Nations’ International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to mitigate the risks posed by drifting ash to the aviation community. The VAACs collect information from volcano observatories, satellite imagery, aircraft reports, and other sources to issue volcanic ash advisories. At least since the beginning of the twenty-first century, eruption detection around the globe has become nearly complete.
Robust textual inference via learning and abductive reasoning

We present a system for textual inference (the task of inferring whether a sentence follows from another text) that uses learning and a logical-formula semantic representation of the text. More precisely, our system begins by parsing and then transforming sentences into a logical formula-like representation similar to the one used by (Harabagiu et al., 2000). An abductive theorem prover then tries to find the minimum "cost" set of assumptions necessary to show that one statement follows from the other. These costs reflect how likely different assumptions are, and are learned automatically using information from syntactic/semantic features and from linguistic resources such as WordNet. If one sentence follows from the other given only highly plausible, low cost assumptions, then we conclude that it can be inferred. Our approach can be viewed as combining statistical machine learning and classical logical reasoning, in the hope of marrying the robustness and scalability of learning with the preciseness and elegance of logical theorem proving. We give experimental results from the recent PASCAL RTE 2005 challenge competition on recognizing textual inferences, where a system using this inference algorithm achieved the highest confidence weighted score.
Dirichlet Series and Generating Functions

A series of the form $$ \sum\limits_{{n - 1}}^{\infty } {\frac{{f(n)}}{{{n^s}}}} $$ (*) where f is an arithmetical function and s is a real variable, is called a Dirichlet series. It will be called the Dirichlet series of f. There exist Dirichlet series such that for all values of s, the series does not converge absolutely (see Exercise 5.1). If the Dirichlet series of f does converge absolutely for some values of s then for those values of s the series determines a function which, as we shall see, serves as a generating function of f.
Refining Grit in Academic Performance: The Mediational Role of Psychological Capital.

Recent popular and academic attention is being given to the role that grit plays in important student outcomes. While gritty individuals are more likely to engage in deliberate practice and maintai...
Multifunctional energy storage composite structures with embedded lithium-ion batteries

Abstract This work proposes and analyzes a structurally-integrated lithium-ion battery concept. The multifunctional energy storage composite (MESC) structures developed here encapsulate lithium-ion battery materials inside high-strength carbon-fiber composites and use interlocking polymer rivets to stabilize the electrode layer stack mechanically. These rivets enable load transfer between battery layers, allowing them to store electrical energy while also contributing to the structural load carrying performance, without any modifications to the battery chemistry. The design rationale, fabrication processes, and experimental mechano-electrical characterization of first-generation MESCs are discussed. Experimental results indicate that the MESCs offer electrochemical performance comparable to standard lithium-ion cells, despite the disruptive design change. The mechanical performance of MESCs is assessed via quasi-static three-point bending tests, with results showing significantly improved mechanical stiffness and strength over traditional pouch cells. The rivets minimize interlayer shear movement of the electrode stack, thus allowing it to maintain electrochemical functionalities while carrying mechanical bending. While minimal load application can cause permanent deformation of pouch cells, MESCs maintain their structural integrity and energy-storage capabilities under realistic repeated loading. The results obtained demonstrate the mechanical robustness of MESCs, which allow them to be fabricated as energy-storing structures for electric vehicles and other applications.
Technology, Culture, and Public Policy: Critical Lessons from Finland

In a relatively short time, Finland has transformed a society of approximately 5.3 million people into one of the most educated and technologically sophisticated in the world, while maintaining relative political stability and an enviable quality of life among its people. In all comparative measures of international achievement, Finland ranks at the top among the world’s most literate and wealthiest countries. How did Finland do it, and what can other countries learn from the Finnish example? This book presents an energized and informative look at Finland’s cultural and developmental history, its political evolution as a state, the foundation and origins of its technology and innovation policy, and present developments in health care, education, and the pathway to sustainable economic development. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, author Kalu Kalu incorporates rarely-seen archival data alongside analysis of original research surveys disseminated to members of the Finnish national legislature, personnel of the ministries of education and health, administrators in local government jurisdictions, and members of the general public. The result is a book that offers an incisive and analytical account of virtually all aspects of Finnish life – ranging from culture, parliamentarianism, arts, architecture, design, literature, education and health policies, information technology, to the development of multipolis technology clusters and networks. Demonstrating how civic attitudes have evolved over time mediated by the pressures of technology and modernity, Technology, Culture, and Public Policy ultimately transcends an examination of Finland’s own successes and challenges, considering what lessons other countries might apply to their own intricate national contexts.
Indoor cannabis smoke and children's health.

Abstract Cannabis use is increasing and cannabis is typically consumed by smoking. This study explored how indoor secondhand cannabis smoke (SCS) was associated with child health. As part of a larger trial, air particle monitors were placed in 298 homes of families with at least one cigarette smoker and one child under 14 years old in San Diego County, California. Assessment included past 7-day indoor cigarette and cannabis use, the youngest child's exposure to cigarette smoke, and 5 smoke-related past-year child health outcomes: emergency department use for coughing/difficulty breathing; physician diagnosis of ear infection, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, asthma, or eczema/atopic dermatitis. An ordinal measure of adverse health outcomes (0, 1, or ≥2) was regressed on reported indoor cannabis smoking—the main measure of exposure (yes/no). Of 221 parents/guardians asked about cannabis use, 192 (86.9%) provided all required data, and 29 (15.1%) reported indoor cannabis smoking; reports were supported by air particle data. Homes without indoor smoking had lower average 7-day particle concentrations (1968 particles/0.01ft3) than homes with cannabis smoking only (3131 particles/0.01ft3), cigarette smoking only (3095 particles/0.01ft3), or both cigarette and cannabis smoking (6006 particles/0.01ft3). Odds of reporting a greater number of adverse health outcomes were 1.83 (95% CI = 0.89–3.80, p = 0.10) times higher for children of families with indoor cannabis smoking vs families without cannabis smoking, after controlling for exposure to cigarette smoke and other covariates. Our results do not indicate a statistically significant association. However, the magnitude of the (non-significant) association between indoor cannabis smoking and adverse health outcomes warrants more studies.
Biology of a hoplonemertean from the branchial chambers of the pinnotherid crab Zaops (= Pinnotheres) ostreum

The pea crab, Zaops ostreum, a symbiont in the mantle cavity of the American oyster (Crassostreavirginica), is itself a host to a symbiotic nemertean. Thisnemertean belongs to the genus Carcinonemertes, and issimilar to or possibly the same as C. pinnotheridophila,known from another sympatric pinnotherid crab, Pinnixachaetopterana. Living in mucous sheaths within the gillchambers of female crabs, the life cycle of the nemertean isintimately synchronized with and dependent on the crab's reproduction. A total of 138 pea crabs were collected andexamined for nemerteans during the summers of 1965 to 1967 atBeaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A.; of these 97 (70%) were mature(5th stage) female crabs. Mature females harbored thenemerteans, and had a prevalence of 39.2%. A maximum of 20worms was found in the gill chambers of a single crab, 9 ofwhich were the red, eyeless, mature female worms, along with 11colorless males. Worm egg sacs were attached to the pleopods ofovigorous crabs; a maximum of 293 sacs was recorded in anindividual crab with 7 mature females. At about 110 eggs persac, this translates to a potential production of >32 200nemertean larvae. Since female Z. ostreum may live for 2to 3 yr and produce two broods of eggs per year (beyond thefirst year), the reproductive potential of the symbionts may beeven greater. Gills of crabs with more than one mature femalewere usually covered by the worm sheaths, and were frequentlydamaged (gnarled, torn, silted, etc.). The sternum of infestedcrabs was often damaged due to the projection of worm sheathsthrough it to the subabdominal region. There the egg sacs weredeposited on the pleopods to develop along with the crabembryos.
“A Widespread Superstition”: The Purported Invulnerability of Workers of Color to Occupational Heat Stress

This study explores the history of the denial of the vulnerability of non-White workers to risks of heat illness. Defenders of chattel slavery argued for the capacity of workers of African descent ...
Space, Place, and the Textures of Rhetorical Criticism

Performing rhetorical criticism of built spaces offers powerful insight into quotidian and sublime rhetorical performances. The strongest forms of this criticism remakes the critical and demands a ...
The Past and Future of Externship Scholarship

This article offers an overview of scholarship about legal externship produced over the past three decades, along with suggestions for the direction of future work. Past publications examined externship’s educational value and pedagogic methods as a part of clinical education, surveyed characteristics of externship among law schools nationwide, chronicled the development of specific externship programs, and explored a variety of educational issues, as well as producing texts advocating best practices. Future work may examine the impact of changed ABA Standards and the evolution of legal education generally, including the status of externship faculty. It is hoped that this review helps orient new externship faculty and stimulates new ideas.
Exploring perceived control, a low-control task, and a brief acceptance intervention in a low and high transdiagnostic anxiety sample

Abstract Background Limited perceived control has been theorized and measured to be a cognitive aspect of anxiety disorder development and maintenance. The goal of the present study was to investigate perceived internal and external control as transdiagnostic features of anxiety in a diverse urban sample. Methods We explored the relations between anxiety, perceived control, and acceptance skills experimentally using a low control computer task and a brief acceptance intervention between task trials. Results Data revealed significant negative correlations between perceived internal and external control and levels of transdiagnostic anxiety. The high anxiety group reported lower acceptance skills at baseline and greater levels of anxiety across trials of the low control task. There was evidence of an anxiety reduction effect via the acceptance intervention across all participants compared to the control group, but we did not see the hypothesized interaction between group and anxiety level (possibly due in part to sampling randomization failure, as acceptance group had significantly higher anxiety at baseline). Discussion Our findings validate previous research linking low trait perceived control and high trait anxiety in a diverse sample and provide evidence that acceptance-based interventions may provide more adaptive strategies for navigating low control situations.
Improvements in Functional Status Among Survivors of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Following High-risk Bridging Modalities

BACKGROUND The 2018 heart allocation change has resulted in greater frequency of high-risk bridging to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Although survival has been studied in these patients, functional status outcomes are less established. This study evaluated changes in functional status of OHT survivors based on bridging strategy. METHODS Adults (≥18 y) undergoing OHT between January 2015 and March 2020 were stratified by bridging modality: no bridging, inotropes only, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), temporary ventricular assist device (VAD), durable VAD, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Using paired analysis, the Karnofsky performance scale (0-100) was utilized to compare differences in function at listing, transplant, and follow-up. RESULTS In total, 13 142 patients underwent OHT. At the time of both listing and transplant, patients requiring IABP, temporary VAD, and ECMO displayed the lowest functional status (each median 20) compared with other groups (P < 0.001). Among survivors, the median performance status at follow-up was ≥80 for all groups, indicating total functional independence with no assistance required. Substantial improvement in Karnofsky score occurred from transplant to follow-up in survivors bridged with IABP (40), temporary VADs (60), and ECMO (50) (each P < 0.001). Among survivors with at least 90-day follow-up, the median Karnofsky score was 90 regardless of bridging modality. CONCLUSIONS Despite a higher mortality risk, critically ill patients who survive OHT after bridging with high-risk modalities experience acceptable functional status outcomes. These findings are important to place in the context of the impact that the 2018 allocation change has had on the landscape of OHT in the United States.
How a copy desk “edit” influenced corrections at the New York Times:

The New York Times “streamlined” its editing process in 2017 and reduced the editing staff by nearly half. Through content analysis on corrections (N = 1,149), this research examines the effects of...
Caregiver involvement in managing medications among older adults with multiple chronic conditions.

Objective We sought to characterize caregiver medication assistance for older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Design Semi-structured qualitative interviews. Setting Community and academic-affiliated primary care practices. Participants A total of 25 caregivers to older adults participating in an ongoing cohort study with ≥3 chronic conditions. Measurements A semi-structured interview guide, informed by the Medication Self-Management model, aimed to understand health-related and medication-specific assistance caregivers provided. Results Three typologies of caregiver assistance with medications emerged: Actively Involved, Peripherally Involved, and Not Involved. A total of 10 caregivers were Actively Involved, which was defined as when the caregiver perceived a need for and offered assistance, and the patient accepted the assistance. Peripherally Involved (n = 6) was defined as when the caregiver perceived a need and offered assistance; however, the patient rejected this assistance, yet relied on the caregiver as a backup in managing his or her medications. To combat resistance from the patient, caregivers in this typology disguised assistance and deployed workaround strategies to monitor medication-taking behaviors to ensure safety. Lastly, nine caregivers were classified as Not Involved, defined as when the caregiver did not perceive a need to offer assistance with medications, and the patient managed his or her medicines independently. A strong preference toward autonomy in medication management was shared across all three typologies. Conclusion These findings suggest that caregivers value independent medication management by their care recipient, up until safety is seriously questioned. Clinicians should not assume caregivers are actively and consistently involved in older adults' medication management; instead, they should initiate conversations with patients and caregivers to better understand and facilitate co-management responsibilities, especially among those whose assistance is rejected by older adults.
Dual-Modality PET-SPECT Image-Guided Pretargeting Delivery in HER2(+) Breast Cancer Models

Pretargeted drug delivery has been explored for decades as a promising approach in cancer therapy. An image-guided pretargeting strategy significantly enhances the intrinsic advantages of this approach since imaging the pretargeting step can be used for diagnostic purposes, while imaging of the drug delivery step can be utilized to evaluate drug distribution and assess therapeutic response. A trastuzumab (Tz)-based HER2 pretargeting component (Tz-TCO-[89Zr-DFO]) was developed by conjugating with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) bioorthogonal click chemistry functional groups and deferoxamine (DFO) to enable radiolabeling with a 89Zr PET tracer. The drug delivery component (HSA-DM1-Tt-[99mTc-HyNic]) was developed by conjugating human serum albumin (HSA) with mertansine (DM1), tetrazine (Tt) functional groups, and a HyNic chelator and radiolabeling with 99mTc. For ex vivo biodistribution studies, pretargeting and delivery components (without drug) were administered subsequently to mice bearing human HER2(+) breast cancer xenografts, and a high tumor uptake of Tz-TCO-[89Zr-DFO] (26.4% ID/g) and HSA-Tt-[99mTc-HyNic] (4.6% ID/g) was detected at 24 h postinjection. In vivo treatment studies were performed in the same HER2(+) breast cancer model using PET-SPECT image guidance. The increased tumor uptake of the pretargeting and drug delivery components was detected by PET-CT and SPECT-CT, respectively. The study showed a significant 92% reduction of the relative tumor volume in treated mice (RTV = 0.08 in 26 days), compared to the untreated control mice (RTV = 1.78 in 11 days) and to mice treated with only HSA-DM1-Tt-[99mTc-HyNic] (RTV = 1.88 in 16 days). Multimodality PET-SPECT image-guided and pretargeted drug delivery can be utilized to maximize efficacy, predict therapeutic response, and minimize systemic toxicity.
Bacillus subtilis Glutamine Synthetase PURIFICATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Abstract A procedure is described for the purification of glutamine synthetase from Bacillus subtilis, grown under conditions of nitrogen limitation, to a nearly homogeneous state. Although the purified enzyme differs from the glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli in catalytic properties and stability, the physical characteristics of these two enzymes are quite similar. The B. subtilis enzyme has a molecular weight of ∼600,000, a sedimentation coefficient at infinite dilution of 19.3 S, and is seen in electronmicrographs as a molecule composed of 12 subunits arranged in 2 superimposed hexagonal rings. Studies with the dissociated enzyme suggest that the subunit molecular weight is ∼50,000, in agreement with a dodecameric aggregate structure of the native enzyme which contains 12 subunits of similar size. Both Mn2+ and Mg2+ activate the enzyme in the biosynthesis of l-glutamine, but, unlike the E. coli system, the Mg2+-dependent activity is intrinsically less stable than the Mn2+-dependent activity. Differences between the B. subtilis and E. coli enzymes are apparent also in the amino acid compositions, in the susceptibility to digestion by carboxypeptidase A, in the C-terminal amino acid of the subunit polypeptide chains, in immunochemical properties, and in that the E. coli adenylylating enzyme system does not incorporate 5'-14C-adenylyl groups into the B. subtilis glutamine synthetase.
Performance Study of an Integrated Packet Switch with Two Priority Classes

This paper presents an analysis of an N×N, internally non-blocking packet switch with two different priority classes. The analysis extends methods developed in recent publications for systems with a single priority class. A possible application of this work is in the analysis of integrated packet switches that support both voice and data traffic with different priorities. The switch is operated in a slotted fashion, and the probabilities of packet arrival in a time slot are distinct for the two priority classes. Low priority packets can be queued. High priority packets are cleared from the system in case of unsuccessful transmission through the switch. The results developed in the paper provide performance measures such as blocking probabilities and average delays. Expressions for system stability and total throughput are also studied in terms of both high and low priority traffic loads. Numerical examples illustrate the results.
Concept, Structure, and Binding in Complexation

Structural molecular complexation is central to biological phenomena. Enzymic catalysis and inhibition, immunological response, storage and retrieval of genetic information, replication, biological regulatory function, drug action, and ion transfer all involve structural recognition in complexation. At least one of the partners in most of the complexes of evolutionary chemistry is large and complicated enough to inhibit studies of its detailed structure and an analysis of the forces that control its shape.
Architectures for intelligent vehicles

Abstract Architectures decompose complex engineering problems into smaller, more manageable pieces, the modules of the architecture. The objective is to engineer, implement, and test the modules separately. If the modules have well-defined interfaces and implement well-defined services, it is possible to modify some of the modules, without modifying them all. As intelligent vehicles evolve, because of better sensors, better control mechanisms, and new applications, most of the modules in the previous implementation can be reused, rather than requiring an entirely new implementation. The modules in the architecture also isolate operations that require specialized knowledge. In intelligent vehicles, some operations require knowledge of the physics of motion of the vehicle, the stability of different control mechanisms, or the limitations of different sensing mechanisms. By performing operations that require specialized knowledge in independent modules, experts on a topic can implement the appropriate modules without requiring any one person to be expert in everything. The architectures that are being designed for intelligent vehicles are changing from simple interconnections of modules to layered architectures, similar to those used in communications networks. A layered architecture has successfully allowed the Internet to evolve over the past 50 years. Intelligent vehicles are more complex than communications networks. They interact with the physical world in many ways, and collaborative maneuvers are time critical. An architecture that satisfies the new requirements, while preserving the characteristics of traditional architectures, is described.
Bispectral reconstruction of 2-D signals in noise

Summary form only given. The properties of the bispectrum have been applied to two-dimensional signals to provide some possibilities for a variety of signal and image processing applications, ranging from signal recovery from noisy observations to reconstruction of 2-D objects moving in noise. The complex bispectrum B( omega /sub 1/, omega /sub 2/, lambda /sub 1/, lambda /sub 2/), which is a 4-D quantity for a 2-D signal h(m,n), can be expressed in terms of the signal Fourier transform H( omega , lambda ). The bispectrum preserves the magnitude and the phase information of the signals and is identically zero for Gaussian noise processes. >
EXPLORING PUZZLES IN POWER-TRANSITION THEORY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS

THE IDEA OF power transition has deservedly drawn much attention due to its relevance for theory and policy. The original theory behind this concept, formulated by A. F. K. Organski some time ago, ...
Rotation rate of high-latitude sunspots

Rotation rate of 19 high latitude (28–44°) short-lived sunspots collected in 1978–1979 are compared with Newton and Nunn's (1951) recurrent spots rate. To reduce the effect of proper motion in spots of new regions, our measurements start only when the spots have matured or very nearly so. Compared with the expression ω = 14.38−2.96 sin2 φ derived from 1934–44 data by Newton and Nunn, our results show a slightly lower differential rotation in the 28–40° zone. They are in better agreement with the Greenwich average results of the five solar cycles beginning 1878: ω = 14.37−2.60 sin2 φ.
Oxygenated fatty acids isolated from wheat bran slurries.

AbstractOxygenated fatty acids are classified as secondary metabolites in wheat, produced by oxidation of free fatty acids (FFAs). Oxygenated fatty acids have significant impact on the organoleptic and sensory properties of food products and participate in regulation of defense and developmental processes in plants. The objective of this study was to identify oxygenated fatty acids from wheat flour slurries. Wheat bran/water slurries were incubated for 4 h and freeze dried. Total lipids were extracted in chloroform/methanol/water; and methylated and silylated FFAs were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Seven oxygenated fatty acids were identified, (A) 12,13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, (B) 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, (C) 13-hydroxy-9cis,11trans-octadecadienoic acid, (D) 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11trans-octadecenoic acid, (E) 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10trans,15cis-octadecadienoic acid, (F) 10-oxo-13-hydroxy-11trans-octadecenoic acid and (G) 12-oxo-13-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid, in wheat br...
Algebraic groups with a commuting pair of involutions and semisimple symmetric spaces

Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic not 2. Denote the Lie algebra of G by 9. In this paper we shall classify the isomorphism classes of ordered pairs of commuting involutorial automorphisms of G. This is shown to be independent of the characteristic of F and can be applied to describe all semisimple locally symmetric spaces together with their line structure. Involutorial automorphisms of g occur in several places in the literature. Cartan has already shown that for F= C, the isomorphism classes of involutorial automorphisms of g correspond bijectively to the isomorphism classes of real semisimple Lie algebras, which correspond in their turn to the isomorphism classes of Riemannian symmetric spaces (see Helgason [ 111). If one lifts this involution to the group G, then the present work gives a characteristic free description of these isomorphism classes. In a similar manner we can show that semisimple locally symmetric spaces correspond to pairs of commuting involutorial automorphisms of g. Namely let (go, a) be a semisimple locally symmetric pair; i.e., go is a real semisimple Lie algebra and rr E Aut(g,) an involution. Then by a result of Berger [2], there exists a Cartan involution 8 of go, such that 00 = ea. If we denote the complexilication of go by g, then o and 8 induce a pair of commuting involutions of g. Conversely, if c, 8 E Aut(g) are commuting involutions, then c and 8 determine two locally semisimple symmetric pairs. For if u is a O- and O-stable compact real form with conjugation r, then (ger, (~1 ge,) and (g,,, f3 I ger) are semisimple locally symmetric pairs where