cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excitotoxic lesions of the core and shell subregions of the nucleus accumbens differentially disrupt body weight regulation and motor activity in rat.

Abstract The behavioral effects of bilateral N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) lesions of the core and medial shell subregions of the nucleus accumbens were evaluated in rats. Body weight was monitored for 2 weeks following surgery. Locomotor activity and open field behavior were recorded 1 week after surgery. The corelesion group had difficulty recovering from the lesion and had significantly lower weights throughout the experiment. The shell-lesion group had normal recovery and weighed significantly more than controls over the course of the experiment. In the activity cage test, the core-lesion group was hyperactive when compared to controls and to the shell-lesion group. Activity of the shell-lesion group was similar to that of their sham-controls. Three weeks postlesion, the core-lesion group was still significantly more active. In the open field test, peripheral locomotion scores were significantly higher in the core-lesion group when compared to their controls, whereas the scores of the shell-lesion group were similar to controls. In the other open field measures, both lesion groups were hyperactive; however, the scores of core-lesion group were significantly higher than those of the shell-lesion group on all measures. Histological analysis indicated small, discrete areas of damage within the core or medial shell accumbens regions. These preliminary results suggest that these two subregions can be behaviorally differentiated.
Comment on Kimel's new representation for electromagnetic mass splittings

It is shown that Kimel's representation for electromagnetic mass splittings is incorrect. The correct version is a simple integration by parts of the standard form and has the usual problem of depending on a subtraction constant.
A 7-year-old girl with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and progressive scoliosis

We report a 7 year old girl who was evaluated for progressive thoracolumbar scoliosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Neurological examination was found to be abnormal and significant for absent reflexes and weakness distally in lower extremities and positive Romberg sign. Electromyogram showed length-dependent, axonal, sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Frataxin levels were low at 3ng/mL. Molecular testing for Friedreich ataxia showed significantly expanded GAA repeats at 799 (abnormal >67 GAA repeats) on one allele and a heterozygous disease causing mutation, c.317T>C (p.Leu106Ser) on the other allele, confirming the diagnosis. A review of Friedreich ataxia is provided in the case report.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Pre-Ligand Assembly Domain is an Important Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Arthritis

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is an important proinflammatory cytokine and plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid and septic arthritis. TNFalpha exerts its effect by binding to the extracellular domain of TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 and 2. The amino-terminal portion of the TNFR extracellular domain, known as cysteine rich domain 1 (CRD1), or the pre-ligand binding assembly domain (PLAD), plays an important role in the TNFR signaling pathway. TNFR1 PLAD and TNFR2 PLAD proteins block the actions of TNFalpha by interfering with assembly of the receptor complex required for TNFalpha binding. The TNFR1 PLAD protein have been shown to significantly inhibit inflammatory arthritis, such as arthritis induced by TNFalpha, bacterial DNA, lipopolysaccharide, and collagen. The TNFR1 PLAD protein inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and osteoclastogenesis triggered by TNFalpha was able to inhibit expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK), RANK ligand, matrix metalloproteinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in collagen-induced arthritis. The TNFR1 PLAD protein could therefore be useful in treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
SCALE-DEPENDENT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TREEFALLS AND SPECIES RICHNESS IN A NEOTROPICAL MONTANE FOREST

Recent community studies found no relationship between treefall regime and species richness at the scale of individual treefalls. Here, spatial patterns of trees >5 cm diameter and treefalls (mostly dated by using dendroecological techniques) were described in 6 ha of subtropical montane forest in northwest Argentina, to explore the relationships between treefalls and tree community composition at different spatial scales. Time since gap formation showed spatial autocorrelation at spatial scales smaller than 5000 m2 (Moran's I coefficient). Point pattern analysis (Ripley's K function) showed that very recent treefalls (1990–1997) are spatially associated with previous treefalls (1978–1987) at scales of 1000–5000 m2. At the scale of individual treefalls (100–400 m2), species richness was uncorrelated with treefall regime, and shade-tolerant and light-demanding species were not discriminated in a multidimensional scaling ordination analysis. However, correlation between treefalls and species richness, and the discrimination of regeneration groups, increased abruptly at the scales of treefall aggregations. In agreement with previous studies, this study suggests that isolated treefalls have little effect on species composition and diversity, probably due to recruitment limitation. Instead, this study shows that at scales >1000 m2, treefall regime is a good predictor of species richness and composition of regeneration groups. This may be because treefall aggregations and gap expansion increase the probability of new nearby treefalls being colonized by light-demanding species. These results emphasize the importance of scale and spatial dynamics of disturbances and species dispersal in the study of canopy disturbances and their effects on community composition and diversity.
A law-based approach to object-oriented programming

The central idea behind this paper is that the discipline governing the exchange of messages between objects should be specifiable by the programmer in the form of an explicit law of the system. We show how, starting from a very primitive foundation, which presumes neither encapsulation nor inheritance, one can establish various forms of both, as well as other useful disciplines, simply by means of appropriate laws.
Local and metastatic growth and in vivo differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells transplanted in nude mice

Cells from the established human myeloid cell lines KG-1, KG-1a, and HL-60, transplanted subcutaneously (sc) into nude mice, developed discrete tumors (myelosarcomas). These myelosarcomas had a host's age-associated pattern of growth identical to that of experimental tumors produced by sc transplantation of cells derived from malignant solid neoplasias. Thus, leukemia cells yielded either localized myelosarcomas at the site of inoculation or a disseminated neoplastic growth after inoculation in adult (more than 4 weeks old) or newborn (1-3 days old) nude mice, respectively. Human myeloid leukemia cells proliferating in the nude mice preserved the human karyotype and a surface antigenic determinant and did not influence the hematopoietic tissues of the host. The KG-1 and HL-60 cell lines consistently attained varying degrees of differentiation along the myeloid series in vitro, and these features were maintained during proliferation in the mice. Furthermore, cells of the variant subline KG-1a, which had a blastic morphology, developed signs of differentiation that were not seen in culture. The presence of readily identifiable markers, such as cytoplasmic granules containing myeloperoxidase, in the cell lines tested makes these models particularly useful for studying the influence of a biological environment on cell differentiation and its influence on tumor growth. These experimental systems are also suitable for investigating the mechanism(s) of metastases and for in vivo experimental therapeutic trials.
Keyframe animation using an artist's doll

Keyframe animation of an articulated human figure is a difficult task due to the large number of degrees of freedom inherent in the model's 3D joints, the complex range of motion and the vast amount of possible interpolations between keyframes. Existing software solutions, such as Maya and Poser, try to solve these problems by providing extensive user control over positioning and orientation of joints, etc. However, due to the sheer number of adjustable parameters and settings in these interfaces, skills of a master animator are required to create satisfactory results.
Amorphization in Gd2Ti2O7 and CaZrTi2O7 irradiated with 3 MeV argon ions

Abstract Irradiation of Gd2Ti2O7 and CaZrTi2O7 with 3 MeV Ar+ ions results in the simultaneous expansion of the unit-cell volume and radiation-induced amorphization. The damage cross sections for amorphization, which were determined hy X-ray diffraction, are 0.023 nm2 and 0.014 nm2, respectively. These damage cross sections are relatively low and suggest some inherent resistance of these structures to amorphization, in agreement with previous studies. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction confirmed the amorphous character of both materials at high fluences. Raman spectroscopy indicated a decrease in scattered intensity with ion fluence for the Raman-active vibrational modes of Gd2Ti2O7 and CaZrTi2O7. In the case of Gd2Ti2O7, increases in both linewidth and wavenumher with ion fluence also were observed.
The Use of Signal Detection Theory to Assess DSM-III-R Criteria for Autistic Disorder

Sixty cases from the DSM-III-R field trials for autistic disorder (AD) were studied to derive an optimally sensitive and specific combination of scoring criteria based on the 16 DSM-III-R criteria for AD. Signal detection theory, a statistical method new to psychiatric research, was applied. Two of the sixteen criteria tested with this methodology yielded a sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.89, and a total predictive value of 0.91 relative to clinical diagnosis. Excluded criteria were redundant; unrelated to diagnosis; or highly correlated with degree of mental retardation, mental age, and/or chronological age.
A self-starting linear multistep method for a direct solution of the general second-order initial value problem

In this paper, we propose a linear multistep method of order 5 that is self-starting for the direct solution of the general second-order initial value problem (IVP). The method is derived by the interpolation and collocation of the assumed approximate solution and its second derivative at x=xn+j, j=1, 2,..., r-1, and x=xn+j, j=1, 2,..., s-1, respectively, where r and s are the number of interpolation and collocation points, respectively. The interpolation and collocation procedures lead to a system of (r+s) equations involving (r+s) unknown coefficients, which are determined by the matrix inversion approach. The resulting coefficients are used to construct the approximate solution from which multiple finite difference methods (MFDMs) are obtained and simultaneously applied to provide a direct solution to IVPs. In particular, the method is implemented without the need for either predictors or starting values from other methods. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
The Yellow Croaker War: Fishery Disputes between China and Japan, 1925–1935

AbstractBeginning in the 1920s, the convergence of ecological transformations that originated in China and Japan gave rise to protracted disputes over yellow croaker fishing grounds off of China's ...
Lessons from epidemiology for the care of women with congenital heart disease

Abstract Knowledge of the epidemiology of congenital heart disease can be helpful in counseling women of child-bearing age who desire to have children. Understanding the concepts of incidence and prevalence at birth can provide the woman with a perspective on the population risk as compared to her individualized risk. In particular, a woman needs to understand that she may be at higher risk for spontaneous abortion and stillbirth; she may need to contemplate fetal cardiac screening and pregnancy termination. Consideration of the syndromic or non-syndromic nature of the heart defect in the woman and in her family may provide a perspective to possible genetic etiology and the recurrence risk. Last, although knowledge of the etiology of heart defects with regard to teratogens is quite preliminary and has only occasionally been applied to prevention, this field holds tremendous potential to reduce the recurrence risk in offspring in these women who are at high risk.
Risk, Rights, and Restitution

In "Imposing Risks," Judith Thomson gives a case in which, by turning on her stove, she accidentally causes her neighbor's death. She claims that both the following are true: (1) she ought not to have caused her neighbor's death; (2) it was permissible for her to turn her stove on. In this paper it is argued that it cannot be that both (1) and (2) are true, that (2) is true, and that therefore (1) is false. How this is so is explained, and the implications of this position regarding the relation between rights and duties is explored.
Photoperiod affects the morphology of a sexually dimorphic nucleus within the preoptic area of male Japanese quail

Changes in the gross and cellular morphology of the nucleus preopticus medianus (POMn) were measured in response to changes in photoperiod in adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). POMn volume and the soma size of a dorsolateral population of neurons within POMn decreased when birds were moved from long day housing conditions (16L,8D) to short day housing conditions (8L,16D), and then increased again when birds were moved back to long day conditions, presumably as a function of the changes in circulating testosterone that accompanied changing daylengths. Male Japanese quail exhibit sexual behavior only when housed under long day housing conditions that approximate the photoperiod of the spring/summer breeding season, and do not exhibit sexual behavior when housed under short day conditions characteristic of fall/winter. Because POMn is known to be critically involved in the expression of male copulatory behavior, these morphological changes in the adult brain likely represent key functional events associated with the seasonal regulation of sexual behavior in male Japanese quail.
Effects of the subtropical anticyclones over North Africa and Arabian Peninsula on the African easterly jet

North African climate is analysed between 1979 and 2010 with an emphasis on August using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) global dataset to investigate the effects of the subtropical anticyclones over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula on the African easterly jet (AEJ). It was found that the AEJ encloses a core with a local wind maximum (LWM) in both West and East Africa, in which the west LWM core has a higher zonal wind speed. The strength of both cores is distinctly different by way of thermal wind balance. As found in previous studies, the AEJ is formed through baroclinicity with influence from Saharan lower level heating along and to the north of the Intertropical Front (ITF). As there are two separate anticyclonic centres, the AEJ is maintained by the anticyclonic systems in West Africa, East Africa as well as the Arabian Peninsula. The presence of these two anticyclonic centres provides the AEJ with two separate core maxima with the western LWM located at 15°W, 17°N and the eastern LWM located at 35°E, 15°N for August.
Water Brought into Jupiter's Atmosphere by Fragments R and W of Comet SL-9

Abstract Measurements of H2O in the impact plumes of the R and W fragments of Comet SL-9 were made from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Water emissions peaked ∼12 min after the impacts, and indicate a temperature ∼1000 K based upon the relative radiances of two H2O emission features at 6.62 and 6.45 μm. Our analysis shows that the water was probably delivered by Comet SL-9 and is not of jovian origin, and that the C/O ratio in the plume was less than unity. Our calculations, which allow for entrainment of jovian air and use a Halley-like composition for the impactor, show that the R fragment contained ice equivalent to a sphere 90 m in diameter. On the further assumption that we only saw 10% of the material, the diameter of the fragment would be 250 m.
Failure of recommended treatment for secondary syphilis.

In Reply.— We appreciate the comments of Dr Fiumara regarding our recently published case report. The article describes a case of clinical relapse of secondary syphilis after treatment with the CDC's recommended regimen. 1,2 It was not our intention to indicate that the CDC guidelines are "inadequate" but rather to demonstrate that failures do occur and to stress the importance of careful follow-up. In fact, we suggest that the present regimen should continue to be employed until appropriately controlled studies demonstrate superiority of an alternative approach. We are familiar with Dr Fiumara's extensive experience using a total of 4.8 million units of penicillin G benzathine intramuscularly to treat primary and secondary syphilis. We take issue, however, with his suggestion that a study comparing 2.4 and 4.8 million units of intramuscular penicillin G benzathine has already been performed. In the study to which he refers, 3 a treatment arm employing 4.8
Integrated approach to reservoir fairway prediction: Late Jurassic Hanifa formation in Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Hanifa Formation in Saudi Arabia is of Late Jurassic age (Figure 1). It comprises shallow-water carbonates and relatively deeper water organic-rich mudstones. These combine to provide both important producing reservoirs and prolific source-rock intervals. The Hanifa includes several giant oil fields and numerous smaller accumulations that have been discovered at various times during the past decades.
LOCAL PROBE OF VORTEX PINNING ENERGIES IN THE BOSE GLASS

Columnar defects provide strong pinning centers for vortices in high-T_c superconductors, increasing global critical currents. Using a magnetometer array of micron dimensions, we characterize the local held profiles in untwinned single crystals of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) with equivalent columnar defect densities B_φ. We find that the critical current is large only where the internal magnetic field B B _ φ, the critical current is sharply reduced. We model both local and global critical current measurements by generalizing the Bean picture to the case of irradiated high-T_c superconductors.
Mechanosensitive microRNAs-role in endothelial responses to shear stress and redox state.

Endothelial functions are highly regulated by imposed shear stress in vivo. The characteristics of shear stress determine mechanotransduction events that regulate phenotypic outcomes including redox and inflammatory states. Recent data indicate that microRNAs (miRs) in vascular endothelial cells play an essential role in shear stress-regulated endothelial responses. More specifically, atheroprotective pulsatile flow (PS) induces miRs that inhibit mediators of oxidative stress and inflammation while promoting those involved in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Conversely, oscillatory flow (OS) elicits the opposing networks. This is exemplified by the PS-responsive transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), which regulates miR expression but is also regulated by OS-sensitive miRs to ultimately regulate the oxidative and inflammatory state of the endothelium. In this review, we outline important findings demonstrating the multifaceted roles of shear stress-regulated miRs in endothelial redox and inflammatory balance. Furthermore, we discuss the use of algorithms in deciphering signaling networks differentially regulated by PS and OS.
Oligodendroglial gliomatosis cerebri.

Abstract A 34-year-old man presented with progressive neurologic deterioration thought clinically to be multiple sclerosis. At autopsy, the cerebral while matter, deep gray matter, and brain stem were diffusely infiltrated with cells characteristic of oligodendrocytes. Gliomatosis cerebri consisting predominantly of oligodendroglia is rare.
Some properties of the ADP-ATP exchange reaction in turtle bladder microsomes.

ADP-ATP catalyzed exchange reaction in turtle bladder microsomes, using chromatographic measurements of conversion rates
Detection of stuck-at and bridging faults in Reed-Muller canonical (RMC) networks

Boolean function realisations by Reed—Muller networks have many desirable properties in terms of testability [11]. In the paper it is shown that there exists a single set of test patterns which would detect all single stuck-at and all single bridging (short-circuit) faults in Reed-Muller networks, and the number of test patterns is shown to be at most 3n + 5, where n is the number of input variables in the function. In the case of networks with k outputs, where k ≤ 2n, the number of test patterns required to detect all single stuck-at and all single detectable bridging faults (both AND and OR) is also shown to be 3n + 5.
ICAP: A Compliant Joint Planar Mechanism Dynamic Analysis Program

Using the Implicit Constraint Approach (ICA), a general procedure is presented for analyzing mechanism or robotic devices of arbitrary topology and complexity. The ICA allows for a compact formulation with the unique feature of automatically including real joint stiffness and damping characteristics. This formulation is the core of a computer program, ICAP, that directly provides all the body kinematics and joint reaction forces of any planar mechanism. An interactive graphic user interface to the program’s physics engine provides a simple method for describing the mechanical system and supporting the presentation of the analysis results. ICAP was developed to be used in the MATLAB environment, but could be modified for stand-alone use. Numerical examples are presented for a truck full (left and right side) front suspension and a Watt six-bar linkage.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The Impact of Descriptive Representation on Women's Political Engagement: Does Party Matter?

Recent research raises doubts about whether the presence of women contesting or occupying prominent public office enhances women’s political engagement. Taking into account both gender and party congruence between politicians and constituents, the authors find that it is primarily female candidates of the same party who enhance women’s interest in politics. The stronger impact of party-congruent (over party-incongruent) female candidates can be attributed to either greater visibility or agreement on substantive issues. Party matters, but rather than obscuring the role of gender in electoral politics, it enhances our understanding of how, or under what conditions, it works.
Optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo multimodal retinal imaging

We developed an optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy (OC-PAM) system, which can accomplish optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) simultaneously by using a single pulsed broadband light source. With a center wavelength of 800 nm and a bandwidth of 30 nm, the system is suitable for imaging the retina. Generated from the same group of photons, the OCT and PAM images are intrinsically registered in the lateral directions. To test the capabilities of the system on multimodal ophthalmic imaging, we imaged the retina of pigmented rats. The OCT images showed the retinal structures with quality similar to conventional OCT, while the PAM images revealed the distribution of absorbers in the retina. Since the absorption of hemoglobin is relatively weak at around 800 nm, the NIR PAM signals are generated mainly from melanin in the posterior segment of the eye, thus providing melanin-specific imaging of the retina.
A polynucleotide helix containing polinosinic acid and protoated polycytidylic acid

Titration studies of the 1 : 1 helical polynucleotide complex of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid reveal that these two polymers form a complex when the polycytidylic acid is protonated near pH 3. Sedimentation studies show that the protonated complex also has a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. However, the protonated complex is more stable than the unprotonated neutral complex as judged by its thermal stability. The molecular structure of the protonated complex is not the same as the neutral form. Study of the kinetics of the reaction of the protonated complex with formaldehyde suggests that the amino group of cytosine is involved in hydrogen bonds which hold the polynucleotide strands together.
Graduation in the generalized system of preferences: The projected impact on remaining beneficiaries in the United States scheme

Abstract The paper explores the issue of “graduation” in the Generalized System of Preferences using an export similarity index to analyze the effects of the US decision to graduate Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan from its GSP scheme in 1989. The graduation of Singapore will have a greater impact on remaining GSP beneficiaries than will the gradution of Hong Kong or South Korea. Some of the remaining beneficiaries will benefit more than others; the ASEAN countries are the clearest potential gainers, but the ability to gain is not limited to the highest income or largest current beneficiaries among GSP-eligible countries.
Language ID in the Context of Harvesting Language Data off the Web

As the arm of NLP technologies extends beyond a small core of languages, techniques for working with instances of language data across hundreds to thousands of languages may require revisiting and recalibrating the tried and true methods that are used. Of the NLP techniques that has been treated as "solved" is language identification (language ID) of written text. However, we argue that language ID is far from solved when one considers input spanning not dozens of languages, but rather hundreds to thousands, a number that one approaches when harvesting language data found on the Web. We formulate language ID as a coreference resolution problem and apply it to a Web harvesting task for a specific linguistic data type and achieve a much higher accuracy than long accepted language ID approaches.
The Evidence-Based Paradox

Many occupational therapy practitioners consider evidence-based practice (EBP) to be the means by which occupational therapy can prove the validity of its services and thus support the legitimacy of our profession. The unquestioned acceptance of EBP as the way to establish credibility concerns me; unchallenged acceptance of any idea concerns me. Do practitioners accept EBP as the paradigm for guiding occupational therapy practice and research solely because it is presented as what we must do? I believe that practitioners must examine the implications for our profession of accepting EBP without question. In this article, I review EBP, present criticisms and concerns voiced by other professions and, finally, examine the implications of adopting an EBP perspective that replaces theory-directed practice.
Improving Middle-School Students’ Knowledge and Comprehension in Social Studies: a Replication

This study aimed to replicate findings that demonstrated impact on students’ reading comprehension and social studies content learning. Using a randomized control trial, intervention, and outcome measures, this study was replicated in 85 8th-grade social studies classes with 19 teachers. Teachers were provided professional development on comprehension canopy, essential words, knowledge acquisition, and the use of team-based learning. Measures of reading comprehension administered at pre- and post-testing and measure of vocabulary and knowledge acquisition was administered at pre-, post-, and two follow-up times, 4 and eight weeks following treatment. On the measure of vocabulary and knowledge acquisition, students in the treatment condition outperformed those in the comparison condition at all time points. There were no statistically significant differences for reading comprehension.
Lentigo Maligna of the Eyelid: A Rare Finding in African Americans

Objective To report the case of a 48-year-old African American man with lentigo maligna of the left lower eyelid. Design Interventional case report. Participants One patient with lentigo maligna of the left lower eyelid. Methods We report the clinical presentation, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and treatment of an African American man with lentigo maligna of the eyelid. The current literature regarding this uncommon neoplasm in African American patients also is reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Histopathologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis and clinical evaluation for recurrence. Results An excisional biopsy revealed lentigo maligna. An extensive literature search revealed no definitive reports of lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma of the eyelid in an African American patient. Conclusions Although extremely rare, lentigo maligna may involve ocular adnexal skin in African Americans. Awareness and recognition of this premalignant lesion will aid in early diagnosis and treatment and eventually may improve prognosis.
Investments to create bargaining power: The case of franchising

Hybrid organizational forms such as franchise systems join two or more independent parties under a contract. The ability of each party to achieve its goals depend upon the relative bargaining power in the relationship established by the contract. Using transaction cost economics and Porter's (1980) characterization of sources of bargaining power, this paper argues that the franchisor can make investments in activities such as tapered integration and buyer selection to increase its bargaining power and decrease conflict and litigation in a franchise system. Specifically, tapered integration (owning some units while franchising others), selecting inexperienced franchisees, and employing a long training program are predicted to increase the franchisor's bargaining power and the franchisee's compliance with franchisor standards. An empirical analysis of litigation in restaurant franchise systems supports the theoretical hypotheses. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial-ethnic differences in incident olanzapine use after an FDA advisory for patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:Prior investigations suggest that olanzapine use declined rapidly after a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) communication and consensus statement warning of the drug’s increased metabolic risks, but whether declines differed by racial-ethnic groups is unknown.Methods:Changes in olanzapine use over time by race-ethnicity was assessed among 7,901 Florida Medicaid enrollees with schizophrenia.Results:Prior to the advisory, 57% of second-generation antipsychotic fills among Hispanics were for olanzapine, compared with 40% for whites or blacks (adjusted risk difference [ARD]=.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]=.13–.20). Olanzapine use declined among all racial-ethnic groups. Although Hispanics had greater olanzapine use than whites in each period, the differences in absolute risk were only 3% by the latest study period (ARD=.03, CI=.01–.04).Conclusions:After the FDA communication and consensus statement were issued, differences in olanzapine use between white and Hispanic enrollees narrowed consi...
A perspective of partnerships based on interdependence and dialectical theory

Abstract Business partnerships can serve as a significant source of competitive advantage. The present paper extends the business relationship literature by melding interdependence and dialectical theory from the marriage literature with extant buyer–seller partnership concepts in the development of a framework that contributes further insight to understanding interorganizational relationships. We examine the viability of borrowing conceptions from a nonbusiness domain through qualitative field interviews with relationship participants representing multiple functions on both sides of partnership dyads. This work holds important implications for future exploration and management of buyer–seller partnerships.
The Tyrannicida of Erasmus: Translated excerpts with introduction and commentary

(1959). The Tyrannicida of Erasmus: Translated excerpts with introduction and commentary. Speech Monographs: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 233-247.
Use of Linear Tomography to Confirm the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been recognized increasingly in the past few years. In minimal disease, plain chest films may be insensitive. Early detection of pulmonary involvement may help prevent irreversible damage to the lungs and bronchi. Bronchography, while both sensitive and specific, is not without hazard, particularly to the asthmatic patient. We evaluated the usefulness of linear tomography in confirming ABPA prior to initiation of corticosteroid therapy. We find that tomography is a simple, noninvasive instrument for detecting the presence of or proving the absence of the earliest manifestations of ABPA.
The Link between Cocurricular Activities and Academic Engagement in Engineering Education

Background Cocurricular and extracurricular activities benefit precollege students. Yet connections between these activities and academic outcomes in college are mixed or inconclusive. Little is known about how involvement in cocurricular activities is associated specifically with academic engagement in college. Purpose (Hypothesis) The purpose of this study was to understand the connection between cocurricular activities and academic engagement for engineering and computer science undergraduates. We hypothesized that cocurricular activities and engagement are not directly related but are associated with one another through interactions with academic self-efficacy. Design/Method This study surveyed engineering and computer science students at four different institutions. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models to understand the relationships between cocurricular activities and academic engagement. Results While relationships between cocurricular activities and academic engagement were not significant, interaction effects with academic self-efficacy were significant. Academic cocurricular activities interacted positively with, whereas nonacademic cocurricular activities interacted negatively with, relationships between self-efficacy and academic engagement. Conclusions Results show that connections between cocurricular involvement and academic engagement not only occur in interactions with self-efficacy, but also depend on the nature of the cocurricular activity. Most students who are active in cocurricular activities report higher levels of engagement than do their nonactive peers for the same levels of self-efficacy.
A TM2 Residue in the β1 Subunit Determines Spontaneous Opening of Homomeric and Heteromeric γ-Aminobutyric Acid-gated Ion Channels

Abstract γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are major inhibitory neurotransmitter-gated ion channels in the central nervous system. GABAA receptors consist of multiple subunits and exhibit distinct pharmacological and channel properties. Of all GABAA receptor subunits, the β subunit is thought to be a key component for the functionality of the receptors. Certain types of GABAA receptors have been found to be constitutively active. However, the molecular basis for spontaneous opening of channels of these receptors is not totally understood. In this study, we showed that channels that contain the β1 but not β3 subunits opened spontaneously when these subunits were expressed homomerically or co-expressed with other types of GABAA receptor subunits in Xenopus oocytes. Using subunit chimeras and site-directed mutagenesis, we localized a key amino acid residue, a serine at position 265, that is critical in conferring an open state of the β1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the absence of agonist. Moreover, some point mutations of Ser-265 also produced constitutively active channels. The magnitude of spontaneous activity of these receptors was correlated with the molecular volume of the residue at 265 for both homomeric and heteromeric GABAA receptors, suggesting that the spontaneous activity of the β1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors may be mediated through a similar molecular mechanism that is dependent on the molecular volume of the residue at 265.
Specialty Differences in Prescribing Inhaled Corticosteroids for Children

Prescription of daily inhaled corticosteroids for children with persistent asthma is infrequent compared with national practice guidelines. The authors conducted a national, cross-sectional survey of pediatricians and family physicians to identify specialty differences and factors associated with physician nonadherence to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines for prescribing inhaled corticosteroids. Adherence was defined as following the recommendation for >90% of cases. Response rate was 49% (343/694). Pediatrician and family physicians reported similar rates of adherence (54% vs 51%). Pediatricians and family physicians reported different barriers. Although both groups indicated that parent hesitancy and nonadherence were common barriers, the most common barrier for family physicians was a perceived cost of the asthma medications for families. Pediatricians were more likely to indicate that lack of time (21% vs 10%) was a barrier to prescribing inhaled corticosteroids. In multivariate logistic analysis, the lack of a family/practice barrier (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.13, 0.55) and physician agreement with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommendation (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.43, 12.3) was associated with self-reported adherence. Interventions to improve prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids should include strategies to address issues specific to pediatricians and family physicians.
Architecture for interoperability and reuse in data mining systems

Data mining systems are mainly built to assist users to automatically abstract useful information from large data sets. Thus, they often lack supports for other important practical considerations commonly used in software development (e.g., ease of software modification and maintenance, and portability of resulting models). This paper studies principles for the development of data mining systems from software engineering perspectives. In particular, we propose a framework architecture that provides four desirable characteristics: extensibility, modularity, flexibility and interoperabity. The architecture utilizes a design pattern called Pipes and Filters together with data replication to provide loosely coupled structures for the systems. It also facilitates interoperability and reusability of the resulting predictive models obtained from the mining process by means of appropriate interface mechanisms. The proposed architecture promises important advantages that can enhance the usability of data mining systems.
Projected Changes in the Seasonal Cycle of Surface Temperature

When forced with increasing greenhouse gases, global climate models project a delay in the phase and a reduction in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of surface temperature, expressed as later minimum and maximum annual temperatures and greater warming in winter than in summer. Most of the global mean changes come from the high latitudes, especially over the ocean. All 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 models agree on these changes and, over the twenty-first century, average a phase delay of 5 daysand an amplitudedecrease of 5% for the global mean ocean surface temperature. Evidence is provided that the changes are mainly driven by sea ice loss: as sea ice melts during the twenty-first century, the previously unexposed open ocean increases the effective heat capacity of the surface layer, slowing and damping the temperature response. From the tropics to the midlatitudes, changes in phase and amplitude are smaller and less spatially uniform than near the poles but are still prevalent in the models. These regions experience a small phase delay but an amplitude increase of the surface temperature cycle, a combination that is inconsistent with changes to the effective heat capacity of the system. The authors propose that changes in this region are controlled by changes in surface heat fluxes.
Operational reliability: objective or constraint?

"Should power system operational reliability be treated as an objective or a constraint" is an interesting topic, which can be debated in different frameworks for power system applications. Different frameworks are based on probabilistic models and data, which are necessary for operational reliability analyses. The restructuring of electric power systems has presented a new venue for operational reliability studies. The operational reliability function, which was handled previously by vertically integrated utilities, is delegated to the ISO and conceivably monitored by self interested power companies (i.e., GENCOs). The author argues in this presentation that, depending on the model and application, the reliability equation can represent either a constraint or an objective. The discussion here focuses on a specific power system application (e.g., generation maintenance scheduling), which shows the impact of incorporating operational reliability constraints in scheduling the maintenance of generating units.
Roles of T cell-associated L-selectin and β7 integrins during induction and regulation of chronic colitis.

Background: L-selectin (CD62L) and b7 integrins are important for trafficking of naive T cells under steady-state conditions. The objectives of this study were to dissect the requirements for T cell–associated CD62L and b7 integrins during initiation, progression, and regulation of chronic colitis. Methods: Using the T-cell transfer model, we compared colitogenic potential between T cells lacking one or both of these molecules with wild-type T cells. To assess trafficking of cells to the secondary lymphoid tissue and the gut, we performed co-homing experiments. Results: Adoptive transfer of wild-type, CD62L 2/2 or b7 2/2 single-deficient T cells induced moderate to severe disease with slightly different kinetics. However, transfer of CD62L 2/2 b7 2/2 double-deficient (DKO) T cells produced significantly attenuated gut inflammation, which correlated with fewer T cells and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon lamina propria. Our subsequent experiments established that lack of colitogenic potential of these cells was due to inability of DKO T cells to home to the secondary lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, homing of in vitro–generated effector DKO T cells to the inflamed intestine was significantly impaired. Lastly, DKO regulatory T cells were ineffective at suppressing colitis induced by wildtype T cells. Conclusions: We established that T cells can use either CD62L or b7 integrins to induce chronic colitis, but lack of both abrogates their colitogenic potential. Effector T cells critically rely on b7 integrin during their recruitment to the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Finally, regulation of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells requires one or both of these adhesion molecules. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013;19:2547–2559)
Modeling trip choice behavior of the longline fishers in Hawaii

Abstract Fishers’ trip choice behavior in Hawaii’s longline fishery was analyzed by applying a utility theoretic mixed model (a combination of the conditional and multinomial logit (unordered) models) which accounts for both choice- and individual-specific attributes. The results indicate that fishers demonstrated utility maximizing and risk-averse behavior. They exhibited ‘inertia’ in switching to alternate trip choices. The stock level of major species, vessel age and size also significantly influenced fisher’s trip choice behavior. There was a high proportion of concord between the actual choice and model’s in-sample prediction of choices. Trip choice behavior was also simulated under different fleet structure and stock conditions.
The Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hyaluronan Injection after the Microfracture Technique for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions:

Background: Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be elucidated, recent animal studies have demonstrated chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation.Hypothesis: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid after microfracture improves the quality of the repair leading to a more hyaline-like repair tissue with better defect fill and adjacent area integration.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Full-thickness cartilage defects were created in the weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle in 36 female New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were then treated with surgical microfracture. Eighteen rabbits formed the 3-month cohort and the other 18 formed the 6-month cohort. Within each cohort, 6 rabbits were randomly assigned to receive 3 weekly injections of hyaluronic acid (group A), 5 weekly injections (group B), or control injections of normal saline (group C). At 3 and 6 months postmicrofracture, the animals were sacrificed and the operati...
New directions in cancer risk assessment: Accuracy, precision, credibility, and uncertainty

(1997). New directions in cancer risk assessment: Accuracy, precision, credibility, and uncertainty. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal: Vol. 3, The Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management, pp. 667-671.
Modulation of Hemodynamic and Vascular Filtration Changes in Diabetic Rats by Dietary myo-inositol

To assess the potential of myo -inositol-supplemented diets to prevent diabetes-induced vascular functional changes, we examined the effects of diets supplemented with 0.5,1, or 2% myo -inositol on blood flow and vascular filtration function in nondiabetic control rats and rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes (STZ-D). After 1 mo of diabetes and dietary myo -inositol supplementation, 1 ) 131I-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation of vessels was assessed in multiple tissues, 2 ) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated as renal plasma clearance of 57Co-labeled EDTA, 3 ) regional blood flows were measured with 15-μm 85Sr-labeled microspheres, and 4 ) endogenous albumin and IgG urinary excretion rates were quantified by radial immunodiffusion assay. In STZ-D rats, 131I-BSA tissue clearance increased significantly (2- to 4-fold) in the anterior uvea, choroid-sclera, retina, sciatic nerve, aorta, new granulation tissue, diaphragm, and kidney but was unchanged in skin, forelimb muscle, and heart, myo -inositol-supplemented diets reduced diabetes-induced increases in 131I-BSA clearance (in a dose-dependent manner) in all tissues; however, only in new granulation tissue and diaphragm did the 2% myo -inositol diet completely normalize vascular albumin permeation. Diabetes-induced increases in GFR and in urinary albumin and IgG excretion were also substantially reduced or normalized by dietary myo -inositol supplements. Increased blood flow in anterior uvea, choroid-sclera, kidney, new granulation tissue, and skeletal muscle in STZ-D rats also was substantially reduced or normalized by the 2% myo -inositol diet, myo -inositol had minimal if any effects on the above parameters in control rats. These observations indicate that diabetes-induced increases in regional blood flow, 131I-BSA permeation, GFR, and urinary protein excretion can be markedly reduced or normalized by consumption of myo -inositol-supplemented diets that raise plasma myo -inositol levels approximately fivefold. The failure of the 2% myo -inositol diet to normalize GFR and blood flow and albumin permeation in several tissues despite markedly elevated plasma myo -inositol levels and normal or elevated tissue myo -inositol levels indicates that if vascular functional changes in these tissues are linked to altered myo -inositol levels, they are resistant to normalization by elevation of plasma myo -inositol levels. These results suggest that other factors independent of changes in relative or absolute tissue myo -inositol levels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced vascular functional changes in these tissues. The finding that myo -inositol-supplemented diets had no effect on body weight gain, renal hypertrophy, or urine volume indicates that these changes were not linked to imbalances in myo -inositol metabolism.