cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving support of residents after a patient suicide: a residency case study.

The suicide of a patient is arguably the most traumatic event that can occur during a psychiatrist’s professional life. A substantial portion of psychiatrists in general practice (15%–68%) will experience at least one patient suicide during their careers (1, 2), and approximately onethird of psychiatric residents experience a patient suicide during residency (3). A patient’s suicide frequently leads the treating psychiatrist to experience considerable stress, guilt, shame, anxiety, and even PTSD-like symptoms of intrusion, hypervigilance, depersonalization, and avoidance (4). Residents, at the early stage of their careers, are uniquely vulnerable to stress from this event (5). A patient suicide may cause the resident to doubt his or her clinical skills, the decision to enter psychiatry, and previous treatment decisions (5). Residents may also feel anger toward their supervisors for providing inadequate guidance, and co-residents may feel relief that they were not the treating resident (6). However, in their positions as trainees, residents have a unique opportunity for personal and professional growth at the time of such an event (7, 8). Nonetheless, in one study of Canadian medical students and residents (9), of whom nearly two-thirds had encountered at least one suicide, only one-third had received any formal education regarding the impact of suicide on residents. It is ironic that we as psychiatrists, particularly attuned to the needs of others, often avoid discussing these issues with colleagues, especially given the potential distress such events may cause. We each experienced the suicide of one patient during our residencies at Columbia and discovered several deficiencies in our methods for dealing with them. The composite patient described in Appendix 1 illustrates some of these problems. First, we found a lack of basic knowledge by residents in several areas, including the expected emotional responses, the frequency of patient suicides during residency, and helpful institutional procedures that a resident could access. Second, we noted isolation and lack of emotional support and appropriate mentorship for the affected resident. Finally, there was a lack of institutional support and constructive, noncritical reviews of suicide. To address these problems at our institution and the call by Academic Psychiatry for developing supportive and educational interventions for residents experiencing patient suicide (10), we describe here the interventions we developed at Columbia University, including curricular changes, development of a crisis support team, and a formal review of the event, and other constructive and reparative measures we have taken.
Mistake, Disclosure, Information, and the Law of Contracts

"[The greater part of the writers on natural law] are of opinion, that the good faith which ought to govern the contract of sale, only requires that the vendor should represent the thing sold as it is, without dissimulating its defects, and not to sell it above the price which it bears at the time of the contract; that he commits no injustice in selling it at this price, although he knows that the price must soon fall; that he is not obliged to disclose to the vendee a knowledge which he may have of the circumstances that may produce a depression of the price; the vendee having no more right to demand that the vendor should impart this knowledge than that he should give away his property..
Pressure dependence of thermal transport properties

Pressure (P) derivatives of thermal conductivity (k) and thermal diffusivity (D) are important to geophysics but are difficult to measure accurately because minerals, being hard and partially transparent, likely incur systematic errors through thermal losses at interfaces and spurious radiative transfer. To evaluate accuracy, repeat experiments for olivine [(Mg0.9Fe0.1)2SiO4], quartz (SiO2), and NaCl are examined in detail: these and other data on electrical insulators are compared with theory. At ambient conditions, D is underestimated in proportion to the number of contacts. As temperature (T) increases, spurious radiative transfer more than offsets contact loss. Compression of pore space and contact losses affect pressure derivatives, but these seem independent of T. Accurate (±2%) values of D(T) at 1 atm are obtained with the contact-free, laser-flash method. Other optical techniques do not pinpoint D but provide useful pressure derivatives. Published data on ∂(lnk)/∂P at ambient conditions agree roughly with all available models, the simplest of which predicts ∂(lnk)/∂P ∼ ∂(lnKT)/∂P, where KT is the bulk modulus. However, derivatives verified by multiple measurements are reproduced accurately only by the damped harmonic oscillator model. An improved database is needed to refine this model and to confidently extrapolate these difficult measurements to geophysically relevant conditions.
Evidence for independent parallel channels in tachistoscopic perception

Abstract This paper reviews the implications of a number of experimental results for a test between two different types of models of perceptual processing: models that assume a limitation of perceptual capacity vs models that postulate independent, parallel perceptual channels. The results of recent “detection” experiments (e.g., Estes & Taylor, 1966) have been consistent with the limited-capacity model developed by Rumelhart (1970) . The same results, however, are predicted by the “ICC” independent-parallel-channels model, an extension of work by Eriksen and Spencer (1969) developed in the present paper. This model emphasizes the interaction of two factors: decisional properties of the detection task, plus perceptual confusion phenomena known to occur under tachistoscopic conditions. Two experiments relevant to a test between the ICC and Rumelhart conceptions are reported. Experiment I involved a “time-sharing” paradigm that varied the demands of two detection tasks performed within a single trial. Experiment II involved the elimination of certain perceptual confusion phenomena. The results of Expts I and II appeared consistent with the ICC model but inconsistent with the Rumelhart model. After consideration of alternative limited-capacity models, it was concluded that: (1) a decision-confusion interaction is a necessary component of information-processing models, and that (2) the ICC independent-parallel-channels model is sufficient to account for the broad spectrum of experimental results reviewed.
Public and private codes in living systems theory

An extremely important, but often unheralded, contribution in living systems theory is the explication of internal coding and data transformation within a system, particularly recoding from ‘public’ to ‘private’ information, and vice versa. The importance of such coding and recoding in systems has received increased visibility recently through the development of ‘public key infrastructure’ (PKI) technology for Internet security. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the subsystems of LST in dealing with public and private codes. The relevance of public and private codes for social autopoiesis is also discussed. It is shown that public and private codes play a central role in providing both system security and system identity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume guarantee pressure support ventilation in extremely preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months

Compared with pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), volume-targeted ventilation is associated with decreased neonatal complications, including the combined outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, little is known about its effect on neurodevelopmental outcome. We evaluated the hypothesis that as compared with PCV, volume-targeted ventilation reduces the risk of the combined outcome of neurodevelopmental impairment or death in very low birth weight infants. We studied a cohort of extremely preterm infants managed with either volume guarantee pressure support ventilation (VGPSV; n=135) or PCV (n=135). Infants were evaluated at 18 months adjusted age with a standardized neurological examination and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-third edition. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of ventilation mode and neurodevelopmental outcome. Rates of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (odds ratio 0.6; 95% confidence limits: 0.4, 0.8), hypotension (odds ratio: 0.7; 95% confidence limits: 0.5, 0.9) and mortality (odds ratio 0.45; 95% confidence limits: 0.22, 0.9) were lower among infants treated with VGPSV. The infants in the VGPSV group had a significantly shorter duration on mechanical ventilation compared with infants in the PCV group (log-rank test P<0.01). Seventy percent (155/221) of survivors were evaluated at 18 months adjusted age. A trend towards benefit for the combined outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment was seen in the VGPSV group but did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio: 0.59; 95% confidence limits: 0.32, 1.08). VGPSV was associated with a decreased risk of short-term complications but not long-term developmental impairment in this modest-sized cohort.
Novel Alkali-Metal Coordination in Phenoxides: Powder Diffraction Results on C6H5OM (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

We report the ab initio structure solutions of C6H5OM (M = K, Rb, Cs) by high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction. The compounds, which are of interest for reactions of the Kolbe−Schmitt type, are isostructural. The crystal structures are orthorhombic, space group Pna21, Z = 12, with lattice parameters (a, b, c in A) 14.1003(1), 17.9121(1), and 7.16475(1) for the K compound, 14.4166(2), 18.2028(2), and 7.4009(1) for the Rb compound, and 14.8448(2), 18.5070(2), and 7.6306(1) for the Cs compound. They have a chain structure [M[6] ] along the crystallographic c axis. This is a very unusual arrangement in which two different alkali-metal coordination spheres are observed: a distorted octahedron and a 3-fold oxygen coordination. In the latter, the 3-fold-coordinated unsaturated alkali metals additionally show weak interactions with phenyl rings. We also give powder patterns for the compounds with M = Li, Na. The former crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a with lattice parameters a = 22.594 A, b = ...
Estimation of the odds ratio in the two-armed bandit problem

SUMMARY Asymptotically optimal sequential procedures are proposed for fixed width interval and for point estimation of the log odds ratio for two Bernoulli populations. The costs of observations can be different for the two populations and possibly dependent on the success probabilities. The interval estimation procedure is studied by simulation for two sampling cost structures of particular interest, namely when the goal is to minimize the total average sample size, and when the goal is to minimize the total expected number of failures before termination. Approximate expressions given for the savings in sampling cost using adaptive rather than pairwise sampling show that such savings can be substantial in some cases. In the final section, the multiarmed bandit problem is considered.
Charging of radioactive aerosols

Abstract The effects of radioactivity on aerosol charging are examined. Coupled differential equations governing the time-dependent positive and negative ion concentrations in the surrounding gas and the mean charge on a particle within an aerosol cloud are developed. The equations are solved numerically for specific cases of current interest and the results compared to available experimental evidence.
A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS OF ETHICAL NEGOTIATION BEHAVIOR IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES

Perceptions of the appropriateness and likelihood of use of seventeen negotiation tactics were compared for current and future business professionals from Mexico and the United States. The results suggest differences in perceived appropriateness as well as in the gap between perceived appropriateness and likely use, consistent with the cultures of these two countries. The implications of these findings for cross‐national negotiations and future research are discussed.
Does a laparoscopic approach affect the number of lymph nodes harvested during curative surgery for colorectal cancer

This study aimed to assess the number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested after laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer resections. Between 1996 and 2007, 431 colorectal cancer patients underwent laparoscopic resection. During the periods of 1996–1997, 2002–2003, and 2006–2007, 243 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection were matched 1–2 by age, operation, gender, operation date, body mass index (BMI), and tumor stage (TNM) to 486 patients undergoing open surgery. The numbers of examined and involved LNs were compared according to tumor location and year of surgery. Colorectal cancer resections (243 laparoscopic and 486 open procedures) were performed for 729 patients (447 men) with a mean age of 66.2 ± 12.3 years and a mean BMI of 28.5 ± 7.3. The mean number of LNs per case was 24.8 ± 20.6. The number of LNs retrieved did not differ between laparoscopic and open surgery (p = 0.4). A significant difference was observed between the number of involved LNs retrieved laparoscopically (2.2 ± 3.8) and the number retrieved by open surgery (1.6 ± 4; p = 0.03). There were significant differences between the numbers of LNs retrieved from the right colon (28.1 ± 14.6), left colon (24.5 ± 17.6), and rectum (19.1 ± 15.1) (p < 0.001). There were significantly fewer examined LNs in laparoscopic than in open cases during 2002 and 2003 (p = 0.003). Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer can achieve lymph node retrieval similar to that achieved by the open approach. In this era of new technology, laparoscopic lymph node harvest is becoming more optimized.
Histiocytic lymphoma in the brain as the only manifestation of relapse following remission maintainance with BCG immunotherapy.

This report describes an unusual case of lymphoma which, after 54 months of complete remission induced with chemotherapy and maintained with BCG immunotherapy, relapsed in the brain alone. It is possible that the immuno-therapy led to this pattern of relapse: this is supported by several other studies. The difficulty in diagnosing brain lymphoma is emphasized.
Neck masses secondary to heterotopic salivary gland tissue: a 25-year experience

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to review salivary tumors arising from heterotopic salivary inclusions in the periparotid and cervical lymph nodal tissues over a 25-year span. Methods A retrospective chart review revealed 24 patients with asymptomatic neck masses treated between 1976 and 2001, whose pathology demonstrated heterotopic salivary tissue or neoplasms arising from heterotopic salivary tissue. Results Nine cases were benign periparotid lymph nodes with heterotopic salivary inclusions, 3 of which had multimodal involvement. Fifteen cases of heterotopic salivary tumors were identified. The benign tumors were predominantly Warthin's tumor (8) with 1 pleomorphic adenoma. Malignant tumors included mucoepidermoid (3), acinic cell (2), and adenocarcinoma (1). Patients were treated by a superficial parotidectomy, neck dissection, or simple excision depending on site and preoperative workup. Adjuvant radiation therapy was included for high-grade malignancies. Among the 15 tumor patients, follow-up ranged from 1 month to 17 years. Nine patients are alive and disease-free, 5 are deceased, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Conclusions Heterotopic salivary tissue in periparotid and upper cervical nodes is a more common occurrence than historically recognized. Tumorigenic changes arise from heterotopic nodal inclusions, and although infrequent, should be considered in the differential diagnosis for isolated neck/periparotid masses and parotid Warthin's tumor. Suggested management, after a thorough clinical exam/needle aspiration biopsy, includes an imaging survey of the parotid gland and neck lymphatics with an appropriate resection to include a simple excision, parotidectomy, neck dissection, and/or irradiation as indicated. Isolated low-grade malignant lesions/benign lesions are adequately managed by excision or parotidectomy alone. High-grade malignant lesions require more extended surgery with possible irradiation.
Under India's big umbrella? Bollywood dance in Nepal

Bollywood dance, a colloquial term used to describe choreography in, and inspired by, Hindi film song-and-dance sequences is now a global phenomenon. As Bollywood dance travels the world, it interacts with local contexts and realities. In Nepal, Hindi film consumption coexists with the country's problematically independent relationship to India. Enticed by Bollywood's globalized and glamorous sheen, dance students at the National Dance Centre in Kathmandu struggle to master movements from the latest Bollywood blockbuster. Yet, these students also inherit the historical stigmas of traditional dancer communities, which are renewed by nationally inflected readings of media entertainment. In Nepal, Bollywood dances reveal an unstable border between tradition and modernity, identity and nation, and pollution and purity.
Caffeine and Nicotine penetrate the Pre-implantation Blastocyst

CAFFEINE and nicotine are examples of compounds from our chemical environment to which we are widely and constantly exposed and for which there are some indications of toxic effects on various aspects of reproduction. Caffeine effects chromosomal breakages in both plants and animals1, and an increased incidence of congenital malformations in the offspring of mice treated with this compound has been observed2. Caffeine also possesses mutagenic properties, although it has been estimated that this risk for humans is small3.
Light amplification on silicon using highly confined photonic structures

We show high Raman gain in Silicon submicron-size strip waveguide. Using high confinement structures and pico-second pump pulses, we show 13.2-dB peak gain with 14.6-W peak pump power in a 7-mm long waveguide. The effect of free-carrier absorption is observed. We show a pico-second all-optical switch based on the Silicon waveguide, whose transmission is enhanced by the Raman gain.
Variability in performance: Identifying early signs of future cognitive impairment

OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether year-to-year variability in cognitive performance differ between individuals cognitively unimpaired and individuals who subsequently develop dementia. METHOD Analyses included a case-control sample of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA; mean [M] age = 69.90, standard deviation [SD] = 8.92) participants. One hundred and 35 clinically diagnosed demented participants were matched with 135 nondemented participants based on age at initial testing and sex. Cognitive performance was examined using measures of memory, executive function, attention, language, and global mental status performance. Cognitive performance was examined from baseline to 5 years before cognitive impairment (M, assessments = 3.03, SD = 2.80). RESULTS As compared with unimpaired individuals, individuals diagnosed with dementia had greater variability on measures of attention, executive function, language, and semantic memory at least 5 years before the estimated onset of cognitive impairment, which may be indicative of maladaptive cognitive functioning. The dementia cases, however, had less variability on visual memory than the unimpaired group, which may suggest that these cases had more difficulty learning. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that performance variability indexed over annual or biennial visits may be useful in identifying early signs of subsequent cognitive impairment.
Elucidating risk mechanisms of gene-environment interactions on pediatric anxiety: integrating findings from neuroscience.

Recent findings of gene–environment interaction on child and adolescent anxiety generate interest in mechanisms through which genetic risks are expressed. Current findings from neuroscience suggest avenues for exploring putative mechanisms. Specifically recent documentations of abnormality in brain function among anxious adolescents may reflect the end-result of gene expression. In turn these inherited predispositions may increase the likelihood of psychopathology in the presence of stress. The aim of the current article is to consider putative mechanisms reflecting genetic sensitivity to the environment (G × E). Thus we review data implicating biased processing of threat information and anomalies in brain circuitry in the expression of pediatric anxiety. These data suggest that links across development among genes, brain, psychological processes, and behavior are far from established. Accordingly, the article proposes strategies for examining these links. Exploring these relationships during development is crucial, given that these early life processes may potentially shape longer-term patterns of emotional behavior, and therefore life-long trajectories of anxiety.
The Music or the Words? Or How Important is the Libretto for an Opera's Aesthetic Success?

What are the comparative contributions of composer and librettist to the aesthetic impact of great operas? This question was empirically answered using a sample of 911 operas by fifty-nine composers. The aesthetic success of each opera was gauged by a composite measure that included performance and recording frequencies as well as archival indicators. The predictor variables were both idiographic (e.g., the specific identities of the librettists and the literary sources) and nomothetic (e.g., literary genre, language, librettist's age, and experience). After introducing appropriate control variables, the multiple-regression analyses demonstrated that composers play a much bigger role in determining operatic impact than do librettists or their libretti. The identity of the composers alone accounted for almost half of the variance in aesthetic success. As far as opera is concerned, the music is aesthetically more crucial than are the words.
Imaging inside scattering media: chronocoherent imaging

This paper briefly summarizes a method of imaging inside a scattering medium with visible and near infrared lasers and provides new data on coherence properties of scattered light that help define practical limitations of chrono-coherent imaging. This method has been named chronocoherent imaging (CCI) because it coherently records a time correlated image by using holographic recording techniques.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Abstract P1-06-09: Engineered model matrix to mimic cancer stem cell microenvironment: Effect of integrin and heparin binding peptides

Introduction: It is critical to understand the mechanism of cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance and its regulation by the microenvironment to prevent and treat cancer. Since cancer takes many years to grow, it is imperative to develop in vitro models to study the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and progression. In an effort to isolate and investigate the effect of individual physical, mechanical, and biological factors in the tumor microenvironment on the fate of cancer cells and maintenance of CSCs, we have developed novel inert synthetic hydroxy acid-chain-extended polyethylene glycol (PEGXA) hydrogels with defined physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of integrin-binding and heparin-binding peptides conjugated to a matrix with defined physiochemical properties and stiffness on tumorsphere formation and CSC maintenance. Methods: Mouse 4T1, human MCF7, and human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were encapsulated in PEGXA gels conjugated with integrin-binding and heparin-binding peptides. Peptides included laminin-derived IKVAV and YIGSR, collagen-IV derived TAGSCLRKFSTMY and GEFYFDLRLKGDKY, and fibronectin-derived WQPPRARI and RGD. Gels without peptide conjugation and those conjugated with laminin-derived CD44 binding RLVSYNGIGGLK peptide were used as positive (CSC forming) and negative controls, respectively. Tumorsphere size and density, and expression of CSC markers were determined with incubation time in tumor CSC culture medium. For in vivo, cell encapsulated gels were inoculated in syngeneic Balb/C mice and tumor formation was determined with time. Results: All tumor cells types encapsulated in PEGXA gels without peptide formed tumorspheres and maintained CSCs. Gel stiffness had a bimodal effect on tumorsphere formation in the 1-50 kPa compressive modulus range. Tumor cells encapsulated in the gel with 5 kPa compressive modulus had the highest expression of CSC markers. Conjugation of CD44 binding peptide eliminated tumorsphere formation by encapsulated tumor cells. Interestingly, integrin-binding peptides (RGD, IKVAV and YIGSR) conjugated to the gel abolished tumorsphere formation by encapsulated cells whereas heparin-binding peptides (TAGSCLRKFSTMY, GEFYFDLRLKGDKY and WQPPRARI) improved rate of tumorsphere growth and the expression of CSC markers. It should be noted that peptides dissolved in the gel (not chemically attached to the gel) or gels conjugated with mutant peptides did not have a noticeable effect compared to the gels without peptide. Similar results were observed with the cell-encapsulated gels were implanted in Balb/C mice. The expression pattern of EMT markers suggested that enhanced EMT contributed to the increased tumorsphere formation in gels conjugated with heparin-binding peptides. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-06-09.
Relation between surface chlorophyll, integrated chlorophyll and integrated primary production

The relationships between surface chlorophyll and integrated values of chlorophyll and primary production are examined in the California Current and the central North Pacific Ocean. In the California Current, surface chlorophyll is correlated with both integrated chlorophyll and integrated primary production, although there is considerable scatter in the relationships. In the central North Pacific, surface chlorophyll is not correlated with either integrated chlorophyll or integrated primary production. An analysis of closely spaced replicate casts shows that in both areas most of the scatter in the relations between surface values and integrated values is due to spatial or temporal changes in the relations themselves rather than measurement error. The use of surface chlorophyll or fluorescence values as indicators of the biological state of pelagic ecosystems should thus be applied with caution.
Uric acid - a novel mediator and marker of risk in chronic kidney disease?

Purpose of reviewTo assess the current data suggesting that uric acid-lowering therapy may be useful in the prevention or mitigation of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Recent findingsEleven observational studies assessing the potential role of serum uric acid in the prevalence and progression of CKD ha
Towards automatic object annotations from global image labels

We present an approach for automatically devising object annotations in images. Thus, given a set of images which are known to contain a common object, our goal is to find a bounding box for each image which tightly encloses the object. In contrast to regular object detection, we do not assume any previous manual annotations except for binary global image labels. We first use a discriminative color model for initializing our algorithm by very coarse bounding box estimations. We then narrow down these boxes using visual words computed from HOG features. Finally, we apply an iterative algorithm which trains a SVM model based on bag-of-visual-words histograms. During each iteration, the model is used to find better bounding boxes which can be done efficiently by branch and bound. The new bounding boxes are then used to retrain the model. We evaluate our approach for several different classes of publicly available datasets and show that we obtain promising results.
Advertisement for the ontology for medicine

The ontology of medicine—the question of whether disease entities are real or not—is an underdeveloped area of philosophical inquiry. This essay explains the primary question at issue in medical ontology, discusses why answering this question is important from both a philosophical and a practical perspective, and argues that the problem of medical ontology is unique, i.e., distinct, from the ontological problems raised by other sciences and therefore requires its own analysis.
Prazepam in anxiety: a controlled clinical trial.

Abstract Prazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative similar in chemical structure and biological activity to diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, has been reported in the literature to possess antianxiety properties in daily doses of up to 80 mg/day. Shaffer et al. 1 found 40–80 mg/day prazepam more effective than placebo but not chlordiazepoxide, in relief of postwithdrawal anxiety in alcoholics. Studies with anxious outpatient psychoneurotics have shown prazepam to be more effective than placebo and equally effective to chlordiazepoxide. For example Silver et al. 2 found prazepam 30–60 mg superior to chlordiazepoxide and placebo in overall efficacy at 4 weeks but not at 2 weeks, while Dunlop and Weisberg 3 reported similar results with 30–60 mg at an endpoint of 4 or 6 weeks. The present 4 week double-blind study was undertaken to help determine the optimum daily dosage of prazepam. To this end the study was designed not only to test the efficacy of 2 daily dosage regimens of prazepam, i.e., 40 and 60 mg, but also to make use of its relatively long half-life by administering it once daily at bedtime.
The Prostitution Debate in Feminism: Current Trends, Policy and Clinical Issues Facing an Invisible Population

Throughout history, prostitution has been controversial. Ambivalent attitudes towards prostitution have been part of the feminist discussion for over a century. While feminist scholars agree that inequality within patriarchal hierarchy is the core problem in prostitution, they have been polarized about whether classist or sexist inequality is the primary issue and consequently, on viewing the prostitute as either a coerced victim or an entrepreneur. This article reviews the feminist critique of prostitution and current issues in feminist literature. Changes in policies and social practices are discussed as well as clinical considerations for family therapists working with this vulnerable population.
Purification of chicken testicular müllerian inhibiting substance by ion exchange and high-performance liquid chromatography.

A highly purified protein molecule was obtained from the secretory proteins of 8-week-old chicken testes using ion-exchange column chromatographic procedures, including DEAE Bio-Gel A, CM Bio-Gel A, wheat germ lectin columns, and high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) separation techniques. This protein molecule has a molecular weight of 74,000 Da (74K protein). The isolated 74K protein induces regression of chicken Mullerian ducts grown in vitro. The 74K protein does not cause regression of cultured embryonic intestine or Wolffian duct. When the total testicular secretory proteins are resolved in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, approximately 120 polypeptides are obtained. The purified 74K protein has a pI of 6.1. Analysis of amino acid composition indicates that the 74K protein is relatively acidic in nature with a ratio of acidic to basic amino acids of 1.93.
Decrease in medical command errors with use of a “standing orders” protocol system☆

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the physician medical command error rates and paramedic error rates after implementation of a "standing orders" protocol system for medical command. These patientcare error rates were compared with the previously reported rates for a "required call-in" medical command system (Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21(4):347–350). A secondary aim of the study was to determine if the on-scene time interval was increased by the standing orders system. Prospectively conducted audit of prehospital advanced life support (ALS) trip sheets was made at an urban ALS paramedic service with on-line physician medical command from three local hospitals. All ALS run sheets from the start time of the standing orders system (April 1, 1991) for a 1-year period ending on March 30, 1992 were reviewed as part of an ongoing quality assurance program. Cases were identified as nonjustifiably deviating from regional emergency medical services (EMS) protocols as judged by agreement of three physician reviewers (the same methodology as a previously reported command error study in the same ALS system). Medical command and paramedic errors were identified from the prehospital ALS run sheets and categorized. Two thousand one ALS runs were reviewed; 24 physician errors (1.2% of the 1,928 "command" runs) and eight paramedic errors (0.4% of runs) were identified. The physician error rate was decreased from the 2.6% rate in the previous study ( P χ 2 analysis). The on-scene time interval did not increase with the "standing orders" system. Concurrent with implementation of a standing orders protocol system, there was a decrease in the overall patient care error rate in this prehospital care system, and a slight decrease in the mean on-scene time interval. Paramedic errors occurred at a relatively low frequency with the standing orders system, demonstrating the safety of this system of medical command.
Heat capacity of monolayer3He adsorbed on H2-plated graphite above 0.2K

The heat capacity of monolayer films of3He adsorbed on 2.15 layers of H2 plating exfoliated graphite has been measured for T>0.2K. Films with densityn 0.064 A−2 the3He films show condensation into apparent solid phases as reported by other research groups. Then-T phase boundaries for these phases has been carefully mapped.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Origins of Autonomy

Abstract Modern reflection on the ideal of personal autonomy has its Western origin in the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, where autonomy, or self-legislation, involves citizens joining together to make laws for themselves that reflect their collective understanding of the common good. Four features of this conception of autonomy continue to be relevant today. First, autonomy, a type of freedom, is introduced into modern philosophy in order to make up for a perceived deficiency, or incompleteness, in merely “negative” freedom (the right to do as one pleases, unimpeded by others). Second, autonomy is taken to be not merely a complement of negative freedom but a higher, more valuable species of freedom. Third, at its origin personal autonomy is not conceived individualistically; rather, on Rousseau's account, autonomy is achievable only if citizens surrender part of their status as individuals and think of their social membership as essential, not merely accidental, to who they are. Finally, Rousseau's...
The predicted ratios of single to twin sister chromatid exhanges

Abstract There are two kinds of sister chromatid exchanges: those that effect only one of the chromosomes derived from a common parent (single exchanges), and those that effect both (twin exchanges). By making assumptions about the structure of a chromatid and the way in which sister chromatid exchanges are formed, one can predict theoretically various relative frequencies of the two kinds of exchange. Consequently, from the ratio of the observed frequencies of single and twin exchanges, one can make inferences about chromatid structure. In the original experiments performed by Taylor (1958) tha data, although very variable, were closer to the expectation is the subunits behaved differently from one another than the expectation if they were identical. This indicated that chromatid behavior paralleled the behavior expected from a DNA double helix. This parallel has often been considered evidence that a chromatid is a single-stranded structure. In this paper it is shown that other predictions of the ratio of single to twin exchanges can be made if it is assumed that the exchanges are induced by a one- or a two-hit process by the radiation from the [3H]thymidine used to detect them. One of these ratios is very close to much of the more recently published data, although not to the original data. Since this ratio is derived from the assumption that the chromatid subunits are similar to one another, it is concluded that the relative frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges do not at present provide any basis for distinguishing between single and multistranded chromatids.
Improved management of the Paget-Schroetter syndrome secondary to thoracic outlet compression

Abstract For years, patients with "effort" thrombosis were treated by anticoagulants and conservative exercise; and if recurrent symptoms developed when they returned to work, they were considered for first-rib resection. Recently, use of thrombolytic agents with early surgical decompression of the neurovascular compression has markedly reduced morbidity, such as postphlebitic syndrome and the necessity for thrombectomy. A review of 67 patients seen over 25 years showed that 34 were initially treated with heparin sodium and then Coumadin (crystalline warfarin sodium). Recurrent symptoms developed in 21 after they returned to work and necessitated transaxillary first-rib resection to relieve symptoms. Eight also underwent thrombectomy. Recently, 33 patients were initially treated with thrombolytic agents and heparin, followed promptly by early first-rib resection. The evaluation and efficacy of this therapy have been established by frequent and repetitive venograms and careful follow-up of patients. Most of the patients showed improvement with thrombolytic agents. Remaining stenoses that suggested intravascular thrombosis were usually secondary to external compression of the vein by the clavicle, costoclavicular ligament, rib, or scalenus anterior muscle. Venous thrombectomy was necessary in only 4 patients in whom the clot was not controlled by thrombolytic therapy and operative release of compression. There were no deaths in the series.
Stories of Vocation: Education for Vocational Discernment

Abstract Women's stories often have unplanned vocational twists. In oral histories with thirty-four women from diverse contexts, Moore discovers the power of narration to reveal and shape women's vocational journeys. Analysis uncovers qualities of the women's journeys: facing unexpected turns; trusting spiritual-intuitive knowing; analyzing and responding to social contexts; standing for justice; committing to make a difference; helping others be who they can be; building bridges; practicing hospitality; valuing women's communities; caring for self; and practicing humor. By clustering these qualities, five narrative processes emerge. The corresponding educational practices are valuable for religious educators who engage with people in vocational discernment.
Insertion of acetylenes in the PdPd bond of Pd2 (Ph2 PCH2 PPh2)2 Cl2

Abstract Dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate and hexafluoro-2-butyne add to Pd 2 (dpm) 2 Cl 2 (dpm = Ph 2 PCH 2 PPh 2 ) to give crystalline adducts Pd 2 (dp) 2 (μ-acetylene)Cl 2 . An X-ray crystal structure of Pd 2 (dpm) 2 (μ-C 4 F 6 )Cl 2 reveals that the acetylene has inserted into the metalmetal bond and has been transformed into a cis -dimetallated olefin. The central CC bond length of the bridging olefin is 1.338(16) A. The coordination about each of the two similar palladium ions is planar and involves two trans -phosphines (one from each of the bridging dpm ligands), a terminal chloride, and one carbon of the bridging olefin. Both Pd 2 (dpm) 2 Cl 2 and Pd 2 (dpm) 2 (μ-C 2 {CO 2 H 3 } 2 )Cl 2 catalyze the cyclotrimerization of dimethyl-acetylene dicarboxylate.
High quality electron system with variable electron layer thickness in a parabolic quantum well

We report the realization of a high quality electron system with variable areal density (ns ) in a selectively doped, parabolic Ax Ga1−x As well. For each ns, quantum oscillations in the magnetoresistance are analyzed to obtain the electron densities of the electric subbands. These densities are in good agreement with the predictions of self‐consistent calculations of the subband structure. The data reveal that with increasing ns , the width of the electron system increases so that the effective three‐dimensional density and the Fermi energy remain essentially constant. The dependence of the low‐temperature electron mobility on ns is also reported.
On a class of abstract polytopes constructed from binary codes

Abstract Certain abstract polytopes are constructed from generalized combinatorial cubes by taking quotients with respect to elementary Abelian subgroups (linear codes) of the automorphism group.
Típico, folklórico or popular ? Musical categories, place, and identity in a transnational listening community

The study of popular music often loses something in translation. The musical categories used by scholars and musicians in different locations vary widely in meaning, complicating both analysis and disciplinary divisions. Genre classifications also create blind spots which leave styles falling between the cracks out of the picture, impoverishing analysis and even denying musicians certain benefits. This paper examines the use of terms such as folklorico, tradicional, popular and tipico by both lay people and scholars in Latin America, then turns to Dominican merengue tipico as a case study showing how musical categories are often intensely local. I argue that – because it relies more on notions of place than on the ideas of time, class, race or production that inform other categorisations – the concept of tipico is useful in examining transnational ‘roots’ musics which bridge nations, classes and modes of production. In addition, using musicians' and listeners' own categories can help us to question the canons of musical scholarship, musical nationalism and music marketing, thus creating new possibilities for both scholars and musicians.
An electron microscope study of the toxic action of Bacillus sphaericus in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

Abstract Culex quinquefasciatus treated with Bacillus sphaericus undergo progressive poisoning which is characterized by cessation of feeding by 4 hr and general body paralysis by 36 hr. A variety of histopathological lesions were observed in the midgut, central nervous system, and the skeletal muscle system. The midgut had cellular damage as early as 4 hr, whereas the central nervous system and skeletal muscles were impaired later. Midgut lesions were characterized by the occurrence of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. With time, the lysosomes increased in number and size which resulted in complete destruction of epithelial cells by 36 hr. At this stage, damaged mitochondria and lamellar bodies were detected in the neural tissue, and skeletal muscles contained impaired myofibrils and swollen mitochondria. The myoepidermal cells, which serve as a structural link between skeletal muscles and the cuticle, were also damaged. These results suggest that besides the midgut disruption, central nervous system and skeletal muscle lesions may be crucial for onset of paralysis in B. sphaericus -treated mosquito larvae.
Inflammatory cell markers as indicators of atherosclerotic Renovascular disease

Inflammatory pathways continue to emerge as major contributors—and possibly, initiators or propagators—for a broad range of hypertensive and cardiovascular diseases. Studies of the composition of atherosclerotic plaques from aorta, coronary, and other vascular beds long have been characterized
Measuring knowledge of indoor environmental hazards

Abstract People spend most of their time indoors, where air pollution levels rival and often exceed those outdoors for a number of important pollutants. Yet, little is known about people’s knowledge of indoor environmental hazards. The purpose of the current study was to construct a measure of indoor environmental knowledge. A set of 78 true/false items were developed with input from a panel of experts. The set of items was truncated with traditional item analyses, resulting in a reliable set of 21 items (α = .79). Concurrent validity was established by a significant correlation between the indoor environmental knowledge (IEK) scale and an established measure of science literacy (r = 0.44, p
Observation of the Molecular Helium Negative Ion He - 2

Long-lived metastable ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ negative ions have been observed for the first time. They were produced from ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ by two-step electron capture in a Cs vapor target. The apparent autodetachment decay rates have been measured at several delay times after formation, and indicate the presence of more than one state, with the lifetime of the major component exceeding 100 \ensuremath{\mu}s. The most likely configurations are ${^{4}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}}^{+}$ and/or $^{4}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{g}$ states bound below ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}({^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}}^{+})$.
A fast spin echo technique with circular sampling

This paper presents a fast spin echo (FSE) imaging method that employs circular sampling of Jr-space. The technique has been implemented on a 2 Tesla imaging system and validated on both phantoms and living animals. Experimental studies have shown that circular sampling can produce artifact-free FSE images without the need of phase correction. Although not fully explored, preliminary results also show that circular sampling may have advantages over the conventional rectilinear FSE in signal-to-noise ratio and imaging efficiency. A major disadvantage is the increased sensitivity to off-resonance effects. The authors expect that the FSE technique with circular sampling will find its applications in magnetic resonance microscopy, neuro-functional imaging, and real-time dynamic studies.
Natural convection in a rectangular cavity transient behavior and two phase systems in laminar flow

Abstract An analysis is presented for transient laminar natural convection in a rectangular cavity containing either one fluid or two immiscible liquids. The resultant differential equations were integrated numerically and computed results are presented for the transient streamline patterns and for the isotherms, for a variety of conditions including high, low and intermediate values of the Prandtl number. The computed results agree with experimental data, both obtained in this study, and reported by other investigators. Such comparison is presented regarding temperature profiles, velocity profile, transient behavior and the onset of secondary flows.
Superior corrosion resistance properties of TiN-based coatings on Zircaloy tubes in supercritical water

Thin films of TiN and Ti0.35Al0.65N nanocomposite were deposited on polished Zircaloy-4 tubes. After exposure to supercritical water for 48 h, the coated tubes are remarkably intact, while the bare uncoated tube shows severe oxidation and breakaway corrosion. X-ray diffraction patterns, secondary electron images, backscattered electron images, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data from the tube surfaces and cross-sections show that a protective oxide, formed on the film surface, effectively prevents further oxidation and corrosion to the Zircaloy-4 tubes. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of thin film ceramics as protective coatings under extreme environments.
The Marfan syndrome in early childhood: analysis of 15 patients diagnosed at less than 4 years of age.

Abstract The clinical, cardiac and echocardiographic features were reviewed of 15 consecutive Infants and children with the Marfan syndrome who presented at
Preventing cervical cancer globally.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. More than 85% of cases and deaths occur in the developing world where the availability of effective screening is limited. In this issue of the journal, Pierce and colleagues (beginning on page 1273) describe a novel technique using a high-resolution microendoscope (HRME) to diagnose cervical dysplasia. This perspective reviews the limitations of existing cervical cancer screening methods currently in use in low-resource settings and the potential for HRME imaging to contribute to cervical cancer prevention in the developing world. Cancer Prev Res; 5(11); 1257–9. ©2012 AACR .