cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Why a Forum on Racially and Ethnically Diverse Congregations?

As far back as 1899, in The Philadelphia Negro, W. E. B. Du Bois spoke about the "Negro Church" and the "White Church." He continued to do so throughout his long career, one that extended into the 1960s. Though he had his critiques, he largely praised the Negro Church as an adaptive institution that empowered African Americans in a racist nation. Curiously, when he attended church as an adult, Du Bois almost always attended racially/ethnically diverse ones. This was no accident. Because Du Bois held that religion was at the core of the creation of whiteness and racial inequality, he considered segregation in religious congregations to be an abomination. Segregation in houses of worship "legitimated racial division by strengthening the conflation of whiteness with godliness" (Blum 2007:16). He found hope in diverse congregations, beginning with his involvement in New York's Community Church in the 1940s.
Pulsed NMR in solid D2. II. Stimulated echo

A study of the NMR stimulated echo resulting from an r.f. three-pulse sequence is presented for hcp D2 with para-D2 concentrations X between 0.06 and 0.49 and over the temperature range 0.07 < T < 1.5 K. The echo has two components, a sharp one on top of a broad one, which are the signals of the I = I (p-D2) and the I= 2 (o-D2) spins respectively. The echo widths reflect the different degrees of molecular orientational ordering. The echo amplitudes are studied as a function of the experimental parameters in the r.f. pulse sequence. The temperature dependence of the amplitude shows the expected Curie law behavior for the I = 2 spins, but a strong deviation from this law for the I = 1 spins. This anomalous behavior is consistent with that found for the I = 1 solid echo signal. The echo decay time Τ E is found to be very different for both spin systems, both in magnitude and in temperature dependence. The comparison of the I=1 spin results in D2 with those in H2, where the molecular orientational ordering is also from quadrupolar interaction, shows substantial differences. These are discussed in terms of the spin diffusion within each NMR line, and of the cross-relaxation between the two I = 1 and I = 2 spin systems.
Mechanical properties of L929 cells measured by atomic force microscopy: Effects of anticytoskeletal drugs and membrane crosslinking

To shed light on the architecture of the cytoskeleton, we used the atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure the elasticity, viscoelasticity, and plasticity of L929 cells. The initial elastic response (Young's modulus approximately 4,000 Pa) of the cells to an applied force was followed by a slow compression of the cytoskeleton (tau 1/2 approximately equal to 10 s). When force application was terminated, the cytoskeleton underwent a sudden partial decompression and a subsequent slow, incomplete recovery. The role of the cytoskeletal elements in cell mechanics was accessed in AFM measurements carried out on cells treated with cytochalasin D, nocodazole, or colcemid. Cytochalasin D treatment reduced both elasticity (approximately 45%) and cytoplasmic viscosity (approximately 65%), whereas cells treated with nocodazole or colcemid exhibited a marked increase in elasticity (approximately 100%) and a slight increase in viscosity (approximately 15%). The AFM force measurements also provided evidence that the cell membrane and the cytoskeleton are mechanically coupled. Tightly adherent cells were stiffer than cells that were loosely attached. Moreover, cells crosslinked with either glutaraldehyde, 3, 3'-dithiobis [sulfosuccinimidylpropionate] (DTSSP), or Concanavalin A were more rigid than untreated cells. It is of interest that cells crosslinked with Concanavalin A, but not DTSSP, displayed plastic behaviors that may reflect the induction of cytoskeletal reorganization by Concanavalin A.
Training program in cancer and blood diseases: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, Children's Hospital Boston/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute†

Program Overview and History The Pediatric Hematology/Oncology program at Children's Hospital Boston (CHB) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) was found in 1945 by Drs. Louis K. Diamond and Sidney Farber. The modern program dates from 1967 when Dr. David G. Nathan replaced Dr. Diamond as Division Chief. In 1974, Dr. Nathan assumed responsibility for all Pediatric Oncology at CHB and DFCI and established the program as a joint activity of DFCI and CHB. Soon thereafter, a bone marrow transplant (BMT) program was begun. In 1985, Dr. Nathan assumed the role of Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics, and Drs. Samuel E. Lux and Steven J. Burakoff were appointed to direct the combined program. Dr. Burakoff moved to New York University in 2000 and was replaced by Dr. Stuart H. Orkin. In 2007, Dr. Lux stepped down after 23 years as Division Chief and was replaced by Dr. David A. Williams. The program is currently led by Drs. Orkin (DFCI) and Williams (CHB).
Quality Improvement Incentives and Product Recall Cost Sharing Contracts

As companies outsource more product design and manufacturing activities to other members of the supply chain, improving end-product quality has become an endeavor extending beyond the boundaries of the firms' in-house process capabilities. In this paper, we discuss two contractual agreements by which product recall costs can be shared between a manufacturer and a supplier to induce quality improvement effort. More specifically, we consider (i) cost sharing based on selective root cause analysis (Contract S), and (ii) partial cost sharing based on complete root cause analysis (Contract P). Using insights from supermodular game theory, for each contractual agreement, we characterize the levels of effort the manufacturer and the supplier would exert in equilibrium to improve their component failure rate when their effort choices are subject to moral hazard. We show that both Contract S and Contract P can achieve the first best effort levels; however, Contract S results in higher profits for the manufacturer and the supply chain. For the case in which the information about the quality of the supplier's product is not revealed to the manufacturer (i.e., the case of information asymmetry), we develop a menu of contracts that can be used to mitigate the impact of information asymmetry. We show that the menu of contracts not only significantly decreases the manufacturer's cost due to information asymmetry, but also improves product quality.
Effects of growing wage disparities and changing family composition on the U.S. income distribution

Abstract U.S. income inequality soared after 1979. The present paper estimates the contribution of increased earnings inequality to the surge in overall income inequality between 1979 and 1996. The direct contribution of increased earnings inequality is surprisingly modest. Even if male and female earnings inequality had remained unchanged at their 1979 levels, about two thirds of the observed increase in overall U.S. inequality would have occurred. Other factors contributing to higher overall inequality include the growing correlation of husband and wife earned incomes and the increasing percentage of Americans who live in single-adult families, families that typically have much more unequal incomes than husband–wife families.
Organofunctionalization of TiO2(110): (3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane Adsorption

The interaction of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane (FPTS), or CF3CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, with TiO2(110) has been studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and static secondary ion spectrometry (SSIMS). The FPTS dissociatively adsorbed on the TiO2(110), forming adsorbed CF3CH2CH2SiOCH3 and −OCH3 groups. An isotopically (18O) enriched surface was used to show that the CF3CH2CH2SiOCH3 species was bound to the surface via two Si−O(surface) bonds, by using SSIMS to identify Si18O bond formation. The two −OCH3 groups eliminated from the FPTS were bound to surface Ti4+ sites. When no surface hydroxyls were present, the −OCH3 ligands, whether bound to Ti4+ or Si, decomposed at ∼550−600 K to form methane, formaldehyde, and methanol gases. In the presence of water, the −OCH3 bound to Ti4+ sites combined with the surface hydroxyls and desorbed as methanol at ∼300K. The CF3CH2CH2− ligand decomposed at ∼620 K via two elimination pathways. Either the H was eliminate...
Refractive index of erbium doped GaN thin films

GaN is an excellent host for erbium (Er) to provide optical emission in the technologically important as well as eye-safe 1540 nm wavelength window. Er doped GaN (GaN:Er) epilayers were synthesized on c-plane sapphire substrates using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. By employing a pulsed growth scheme, the crystalline quality of GaN:Er epilayers was significantly improved over those obtained by conventional growth method of continuous flow of reaction precursors. X-ray diffraction rocking curve linewidths of less than 300 arc sec were achieved for the GaN (0002) diffraction peak, which is comparable to the typical results of undoped high quality GaN epilayers and represents a major improvement over previously reported results for GaN:Er. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine the refractive index of the GaN:Er epilayers in the 1540 nm wavelength window and a linear dependence on Er concentration was found. The observed refractive index increase with Er incorporation and the improved crystalline quality of the GaN:Er epilayers indicate that low loss GaN:Er optical waveguiding structures are feasible.
Preventing Posttraumatic Stress Following Pediatric Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Psycho-Educational Intervention for Parents

OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a web-based intervention for parents (AfterTheInjury.org [ATI]) in promoting emotional recovery following pediatric injury. METHODS: 100 children with injuries requiring medical attention and their parents were randomly assigned to the intervention or usual care. Efficacy outcomes included parent knowledge and child and parent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). RESULTS: All parents in the intervention group completed the intervention (directed use of ATI) in the hospital. 56% reported using ATI online post-discharge, and 100% of these parents found it helpful. Parent knowledge increased immediately post-intervention, but there was no significant intervention impact on parent knowledge or PTSS at a 6-week follow-up. Relationships between knowledge and PTSS were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Brief web-based interventions introduced during child hospitalization are a feasible strategy to reach many parents following pediatric injury. Preventing psychological symptoms may require more than parental education alone. Language: en
Germ cell pluripotency, premature differentiation and susceptibility to testicular teratomas in mice.

‡SUMMARY Testicular teratomas result from anomalies in germ cell development during embryogenesis. In the 129 family of inbred strains of mice, teratomas initiate around embryonic day (E) 13.5 during the same developmental period in which female germ cells initiate meiosis and male germ cells enter mitotic arrest. Here, we report that three germ cell developmental abnormalities, namely continued proliferation, retention of pluripotency, and premature induction of differentiation, associate with teratoma susceptibility. Using mouse strains with low versus high teratoma incidence (129 versus 129-Chr19 MOLF/Ei ), and resistant to teratoma formation (FVB), we found that germ cell proliferation and expression of the pluripotency factor Nanog at a specific time point, E15.5, were directly related with increased tumor risk. Additionally, we discovered that genes expressed in pre-meiotic embryonic female and adult male germ cells, including cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) and stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8), were prematurely expressed in teratoma-susceptible germ cells and, in rare instances, induced entry into meiosis. As with Nanog, expression of differentiation-associated factors at a specific time point, E15.5, increased with tumor risk. Furthermore, Nanog and Ccnd1, genes with known roles in testicular cancer risk and tumorigenesis, respectively, were co-expressed in teratoma-susceptible germ cells and tumor stem cells, suggesting that retention of pluripotency and premature germ cell differentiation both contribute to tumorigenesis. Importantly, Stra8-deficient mice had an 88% decrease in teratoma incidence, providing direct evidence that premature initiation of the meiotic program contributes to tumorigenesis. These results show that deregulation of the mitotic-meiotic switch in XY germ cells contributes to teratoma initiation.
A Spectral Element Solution of the Klein-Gordon Equation with High-Order Treatment of Time and Non-Reflecting Boundary

A spectral element (SE) implementation of the Givoli–Neta non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is considered for the solution of the Klein–Gordon equation. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B, and a high-order NRBC is applied on B. Numerical examples, in various configurations, concerning the propagation of a pressure pulse are used to demonstrate the performance of the SE implementation. Effects of time integration techniques and long term results are discussed. Specifically, we show that in order to achieve the full benefits of high-order accuracy requires balancing all errors involved; this includes the order of accuracy of the spatial discretization method, timeintegrators, and boundary conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Risks and benefits of combining immunosuppressives and biological agents in inflammatory bowel disease: is the synergy worth the risk?

Since the introduction of infliximab to treat Crohn's disease, combination therapy with immunosuppressants has reduced immunogenicity, without impacting efficacy. The availability of novel anti‐TNF agents and potential combined toxicities question the risk/benefit of combination therapies.
Classic and Quantum Computation

In this chapter, we shall first give an account of the basic concepts and results in classical computability and complexity and then, the quantum computability and complexity, which will be used throughout the book.
Dynamic search range motion estimation for video coding

A fast algorithm for motion estimation in interframe video coding is proposed in this paper. In contrast to previously proposed fast algorithms which use limited number of check points in a constant search range, the proposed algorithm performs search in a dynamic search range. It provides better estimation accuracy than that of previously proposed fast algorithms which use limited search points. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a comparable performance with that of full search but with reduced computational complexity.
Analysis of Interdigital Surface Wave Transducers by Use of an Equivalent Circuit Model

Immittance, transfer, and scattering characteristics are studied for acoustic surface wave transducers of the interdigital electrode form. Linear network models are used to represent the transducer as a chain of identical three-ports which are acoustically in cascade but electrically in parallel. Transducer operation at acoustic synchronism is described theoretically and compared to current experimental data for transducers operating at 100 MHz and fabricated on lithium niobate. Favorable lithium niobate configurations for efficient, broad-band transducer operation are given. Scattering characteristics as a function of electric load are discussed. Low values of acoustic reflection loss are predicted theoretically and observed experimentally when the electric load and transducer capacitance are in resonance. The frequency dependence of transducer radiation immittance is studied, and the response is found to be analogous to the response of an endfire antenna array.
Infinitely Divisible Distributions as Limits

Recall that an infinitely divisible distribution is one that, for each n, is equal to Q n *n for some distribution Q n . In preceding chapters several infinitely divisible distributions have appeared. In particular all the stable distributions are infinitely divisible, as is easily seen by comparing the definitions of these two concepts. In this chapter we characterize all infinitely divisible characteristic functions. This characterization is based on the family of ‘compound Poisson distributions’, to be introduced in the first section.
Role of aromatic aldehyde synthase in wounding/herbivory response and flower scent production in different Arabidopsis ecotypes.

Summary Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AADCs) are key enzymes operating at the interface between primary and secondary metabolism. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains two genes, At2g20340 and At4g28680, encoding pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent AADCs with high homology to the recently identified Petunia hybrida phenylacetaldehyde synthase involved in floral scent production. The At4g28680 gene product was recently biochemically characterized as an l-tyrosine decarboxylase (AtTYDC), whereas the function of the other gene product remains unknown. The biochemical and functional characterization of the At2g20340 gene product revealed that it is an aromatic aldehyde synthase (AtAAS), which catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine and 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine to phenylacetaldehyde and dopaldehyde, respectively. AtAAS knock-down and transgenic AtAAS RNA interference (RNAi) lines show significant reduction in phenylacetaldehyde levels and an increase in phenylalanine, indicating that AtAAS is responsible for phenylacetaldehyde formation in planta. In A. thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0), AtAAS expression was highest in leaves, and was induced by methyl jasmonate treatment and wounding. Pieris rapae larvae feeding on Col-0 leaves resulted in increased phenylacetaldehyde emission, suggesting that the emitted aldehyde has a defensive activity against attacking herbivores. In the ecotypes Sei-0 and Di-G, which emit phenylacetaldehyde as a predominant flower volatile, the highest expression of AtAAS was found in flowers and RNAi AtAAS silencing led to a reduction of phenylacetaldehyde formation in this organ. In contrast to ecotype Col-0, no phenylacetaldehyde accumulation was observed in Sei-0 upon wounding, suggesting that AtAAS and subsequently phenylacetaldehyde contribute to pollinator attraction in this ecotype.
ELECTRON ARC THERAPY OF THE POSTMASTECTOMY PROSTHETIC BREAST

Abstract Purpose: Reconstructive surgery of the postmastectomy breast presents new challenges to postoperative radiation therapy. This paper evaluates the dosimetric significance of oblique incidence of the electron field on the reconstructed mound during arc therapy. Methods and Materials: Using film densitometry, the relative dose distributions resulting from electron are therapy incident on phantoms simulating the breast and chest wall dimensions of an actual patient are evaluated. Results: Irradiation of the breast phantom in normal supine position results in constriction of the dose distribution at the junction of the reconstructed mound with the chest wall. Angulation of the phantom to provide a more normal incidence of the electron beam during arc reduces the constriction by minimizing obliquity of the incident electrons. Conclusion: These measurements suggest that, with proper positioning of the patient relative to the incident electron beam, electron are therapy may be used as an alternative treatment technique for treatment of the postmastectomy reconstructed breast and chest wall.
Intrasexual competition and mate choice in primates

Variation in reproductive success in each sex is a consequence of (a) mate choice for an individual's attributes, such as its rank, age, reproductive experience, etc, and the material benefits, such as resources and services, that the individual can provide and (b) intrasexual competition for the preferred attributes and material benefits. This paper reviews the many factors influencing reproductive success in primates, examines the mechanisms producing variation in success, and discusses the selective bassis for attractive qualities.
Perspective: experiential education in new product design and business development

Abstract We describe an experiential approach to teaching new product design and business development in a year-long course that combines intensive project work with classroom education. Our course puts together up to six teams of graduate students from management and engineering who work on projects sponsored by individual companies. Student teams work with faculty from multiple disciplines and personnel from the sponsoring companies. The year-long format and involvement with company personnel provide opportunities for students to gain hands-on experience in a real product development project. Time constraints, coupled with students’ determination to demonstrate what they can accomplish, stimulate teams to learn how to compress the design and development cycle. To help students generalize from their own projects to a wider universe of product design and business development phenomena, students participate continuously in constructive critiques of others’ projects; and in presentations, case discussions and workshops that help them learn about the product and business development process itself. This article describes course objectives, syllabus, projects, sponsors, faculty, students and our course administration. In an effort to move towards a “paperless” course, we have put as much of the course material as possible on the World Wide Web; relevant websites are referred to in the article. At the end of the course each team presents a prototype and a protoplan to the sponsoring company in a final report, which in many cases includes suggestions for the sponsor on how to improve its design and development process. Students’ positive evaluations, along with their comments, indicate that they are attaining their educational goals. Course projects have resulted in commercialized products, patents, continuing development projects in sponsoring companies, and placements for students. The course has generated public relations value for the units involved and for the university as a whole.
Self-directed work teams

This paper describes the effort and the success derived from implementing self-directed work teams at IBM's semiconductor manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont. Using the self-directed work team approach, traditional departments are subdivided into teams. Weekly team meetings are conducted to determine measurements for baselining improvement over time. Each team assumes responsibility for its own business strategy. Managers assume the role of coaches, consulting with individual teams and advising each on the path it should take to succeed. Technical people work with manufacturing personnel rather than directing them. Common goals are set and decisions made with the cooperation of the team. Carefully defined measurements provide motivation that encourage empowerment and group responsibility. This approach helps improve both team bonding and morale. With strong support from management, self-directed teams enable individuals to play an important role in the operation of their business and in defining customer needs.
Efficient techniques for wide-angle stereo vision using surface projection models

Wide-Angle lenses are not often used for 3D reconstruction tasks, in spite of the potential advantages offered by their increased field-of-view, because (1) existing algorithms for high-distortion lens compensation perform poorly at image extremities and (2) procedures for the reconstruction of recti-linear images place a large burden on system resources. In this paper, a projection model based on quadric surfaces is presented which accurately characterizes the effect of wide-angle lenses across the entire image and allows for the use of novel feature matching strategies that do not require nonlinear distortion compensation.
Respiratory responses of higher plants to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

Although the respiratory response of native and agricultural plants to atmospheric CO2 enrichment has been reported over the past 75 years, only recently have these effects emerged as prominent measures of plant and ecosystem response to the earth's changing climate. In this review we discuss this rapidly expanding field of study and propose that both increasing and decreasing rates of leaf and whole-plant respiration are likely to occur in response to rising CO2 concentrations. While the stimulatory effects of CO2 on respiration are consistent with our knowledge of leaf carbohydrate status and plant metabolism, we wish to emphasize the rather surprising short-term inhibition of leaf respiration by elevated CO2 and the reported effects of long-term CO2 exposure on growth and maintenance respiration. As is being found in many studies, it is easier to document the respiratory response of higher plants to elevated CO2 than it is to assign a mechanistic basis for the observed effects. Despite this gap in our understanding of how respiration is affected by CO2 enrichment, data are sufficient to suggest that changes in leaf and whole-plant respiration may be important considerations in the carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems as global CO2 continues to rise. Suggestions for future research that would enable these and other effects of CO2 on respiration to be unravelled are presented.
Mary S. Easton Center of Alzheimer’s Disease Research at UCLA: Advancing the Therapeutic Imperative

The Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research (UCLA-Easton Alzheimer’s Center) is committed to the “therapeutic imperative” and is devoted to finding new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to developing technologies (biomarkers) to advance that goal. The UCLA-Easton Alzheimer’s Center has a continuum of research and research-related activities including basic/foundational studies of peptide interactions; translational studies in transgenic animals and other animal models of AD; clinical research to define the phenotype of AD, characterize familial AD, develop biomarkers, and advance clinical trials; health services and outcomes research; and active education, dissemination, and recruitment activities. The UCLA-Easton Alzheimer’s Center is supported by the National Institutes on Aging, the State of California, and generous donors who share our commitment to developing new therapies for AD. The naming donor (Jim Easton) provided substantial funds to endow the center and to support projects in AD drug discovery and biomarker development. The Sidell-Kagan Foundation supports the Katherine and Benjamin Kagan Alzheimer’s Treatment Development Program, and the Deane F. Johnson Alzheimer’s Research Foundation supports the Deane F. Johnson Center for Neurotherapeutics at UCLA. The John Douglas French Alzheimer’s Research Foundation provides grants to junior investigators in critical periods of their academic development. The UCLA-Easton Alzheimer’s Center partners with community organizations including the Alzheimer’s Association California Southland Chapter and the Leeza Gibbons memory Foundation. Collaboration with pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, and device companies is critical to developing new therapeutics for AD and these collaborations are embraced in the mission of the UCLA-Easton Alzheimer’s Center. The Center supports excellent senior investigators and serves as an incubator for new scientists, agents, models, technologies and concepts that will significantly influence the future of AD treatment and AD research.
Barriers to Immediate Post-placental Intrauterine Devices among Attending Level Educators

Abstract Objective To determine whether barriers to immediate post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUD) placement exist at the provider level. Study Design Obstetrics providers at seven academic teaching hospitals in Massachusetts were asked to complete an electronic survey regarding their knowledge, experience, and opinions about immediate PPIUDs. Results Eighty-two providers, including obstetricians, family medicine physicians, and midwives, completed the survey. Thirty-five (42.7%) reported experience placing an immediate PPIUD with the majority of them having placed three to five PPIUDs. Of participants who had never placed a PPIUD, the reason cited most frequently was inadequate training. Fewer than one-half (43.4%) correctly identified the PPIUD expulsion rate, whereas 75.9% knew the correct expulsion rate for interval IUD placement. The majority of providers responded that PPIUDs are acceptable in certain clinical scenarios. Conclusions Overall, knowledge and experience with PPIUD placement is relatively low. As increasing numbers of states amend Medicaid policy to include reimbursement for immediate postpartum IUDs, additional education and training opportunities are needed.
Warm-Season Cover Crops for Pecan Orchards: Horticultural and Entomological Implications

ABSTRACT In an experimental grove of pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenheim] K. Koch [Juglandaceae]), we surveyed potential “insectary crops” that might provide aphidophagous insects and other entomophaga with alternate foods, and thereby enhance biological pest control. Thirteen prospective warm-season cover crops were evaluated for associated aphids and entomophagous insects; an additional 11 crops or mixtures were considered in unreplicated plots. Seven crops developed adequate stands in the replicated study: sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate [Dumont] G. Don, cultivar ‘Lowtan’, Fabaceae), American jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana L., Fabaceae), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata [Rafinesque-Schmaltz] Cory, Fabaceae), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata [L.] Walpers, no named cultivar, but termed “combine” or “reseeding” cowpea, Fabaceae), alyceclover (Alysicarpus vaginalis[L.] De Candolle, Fabaceae), a sorghum X Sudan grass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench cultivar ‘Kow Kandy’, Poaceae), and bu...
Effects of Dentate Granule Cell Depletion in Rats: Failure to Recall More Than One Event at the Same Place

According to Unique Instance Memory theory, the hippocampus is required in order to separately store and access each particular experience (Gerbrandt et al, 1986). Unlike Working Memory (Olton et al, 1979) or Cognitive Mapping (O’Keefe & Nadel, 1978) theories, Unique Instance Memory theory assumes that the function of the hippocampus is to form and store only the access codes it needs to separately access each particular experience. Unlike earlier theories, it holds that the ‘data base of experience’ itself, and any further cognitive use of it, is organized entirely external to the hippocampus. The processing of hippocampal unit codes into higher level, stored hippocampal maps of places or events is considered nonessential for prediction of hippocampal deficits.
Effect of cilofungin (LY121019), a fungal cell wall synthesis inhibitor, on interactions of Candida albicans with human neutrophils

The effects of cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent active against several species of Candida, on human neutrophil candidacidal activity were investigated. While no increase or decrease in neutrophil killing of blastospores was observed when cilofungin was simultaneously incubated with neutrophils and yeasts, preincubation of yeasts with serum containing cilofungin resulted in approximately 90% decrease in killing of five of six strains. Attachment/phagocytosis of these strains was unchanged from controls. We conclude that cilofungin interferes with opsonization of most strains of C. albicans, resulting in a marked decrease in neutrophil candidacidal activity, a phenomenon which may be of significance in vivo in certain tissues where access to antibodies and/or complement is limited.
the troubled seas of Spanish fishermen: marine policy and the economy of change

In tracing the evolution of the Spanish-Moroccan fishery, this paper seeks to illuminate the ways in which the social economy of Spanish fishermen structures its response to the industrialization and internationalization of fisheries. The paper makes two connected arguments. First, it argues that the investigation of change must relate the structural principles that have produced the social economy to the structural conditions and demands in which the social economy seeks to reproduce itself. Second, in analyzing the interplay between local and international forces, it argues that the analysis of modern Mediterranean societies-as exemplified by fisheries-entails a vertically integrated description that transcends the mutual isolation of ethnographic and geopolitical perspectives. [littoral, marine policy, geopolitics, industrialization, Spanish ethnology]
Filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production.

Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the prototypical member of the Nucleopolyhedrosis genus of the Baculoviridae, a family of large, double-stranded DNA viruses that are highly diverse. Nucleocapsid morphogenesis of AcMNPV and others in the Nucleopolyhedrovirus genus takes place within the nuclei of infected host cells. Previously, we showed that filamentous actin (F-actin) is essential for this process to occur in AcMNPV-infected cells, an unprecedented finding for a DNA virus that replicates within the nucleus. Because of the fundamental importance of this requirement to our understanding of virus–host interactions, and because of the diversity of viruses included within the Nucleopolyhedrovirus genus, we were compelled to determine whether the replication of other nucleopolyhedroviruses was also F-actin dependent. We report here that progeny virus production of six other lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses, representing both phylogenetic groups I and II within the genus, is also F-actin dependent. The six viruses studied (Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV, Bombyx mori NPV, Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV, Lymantria dispar MNPV, Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV and Helicoverpa zea SNPV) were unable to produce progeny in the presence of either cytochalasin D or latrunculin A, two actin-binding agents that interfere with F-actin-dependent processes but differ in their modes of action. F-actin-dependent progeny morphogenesis, therefore, appears to be a characteristic common among viruses in this genus that have lepidopteran hosts.
Across-model collective ensemble classification

Ensemble classification methods that independently construct component models (e.g., bagging) improve accuracy over single models by reducing the error due to variance. Some work has been done to extend ensemble techniques for classification in relational domains by taking relational data characteristics or multiple link types into account during model construction. However, since these approaches follow the conventional approach to ensemble learning, they improve performance by reducing the error due to variance in learning. We note however, that variance in inference can be an additional source of error in relational methods that use collective classification, since inferred values are propagated during inference. We propose a novel ensemble mechanism for collective classification that reduces both learning and inference variance, by incorporating prediction averaging into the collective inference process itself. We show that our proposed method significantly outperforms a straightforward relational ensemble baseline on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Non-Profit Housing Organizations

This article emphasizes that any solution to the phenomenon of homelessness must include a substantial component of permanent affordable housing and argues that nonprofit organizations can play a crucial role in resolving this housing crisis. The article surveys the variety of forms that community based housing has taken to provide housing for the most neglected groups. Typical problems nonprofit housing organizations have faced in obtaining and maintaining tax-exempt status are discussed. The tax treatment of nonprofit organizations is a significant factor in such organizations’ overall ability to maintain housing units at affordable prices. Also, reviewed is the landlord-tenant relationship when the landlord is a nonprofit organization, addressing issues of rent collection and the extent to which additional services should be provided for tenants. Sources of permanent housing for low income people, such as home ownership, cooperatives, and rental housing, are compared. The article ends by recommending a housing program that is limited in size per nonprofit sponsor, but comprehensive in the scope of housing services offered.
Abstract 378: A Needs Assessment Survey to Improve Utilization of Home Telehealth Services for Veterans at a VA Facility

Objectives: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been a leader in the use of Home Telehealth (HT) to monitor the health status and promote self-care for Veterans. VA’s HT services use standardized Disease Management Protocols (DMP) and telehealth technologies to target care and case management to improve access to care, improving the health of veterans. With HT, the location of health care services shift to the homes of Veterans receiving routine care. Current technologies include in-home devices from six vendors that ask the patient several daily questions regarding symptoms and vital signs and return the answers to the medical record. In collaboration with the HT program at the Palo Alto VA Health Care System (PA VAHCS), the VA’s Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) QUERI conducted a needs assessment survey with the PA VAHCS providers to help understand the provider’s view of HT and to understand any reasons for lack of enrollment. Method: A 9-item semi structured survey was developed and pilot-tested....
Is the relationship between lifestyle factors and physical activity mediated by psychological needs and motivation

In general, participating in activities for self-determined reasons (i.e. because you “want to” engage in the activity) results in stronger levels of motivation that last longer than participating for more controlled forms of motivation (i.e. because you feel you “have to” participate). As having unsatisfied physical needs through drinking alcohol, eating poorly, and sleeping little or less consistently may interrupt self-determined forms of motivation for physical activity, we hypothesised that basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-determined motivation would mediate the lifestyle–leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) relationship. Undergraduate college students (N = 887) completed an on-line survey assessing food consumption, alcohol use, sleep patterns, basic need satisfaction, self-determined motivation, and level of LTPA. Eating breakfast more regularly, eating more fruit and vegetables, sleeping earlier in the night, and staying up later on weekends than weeknights were associated with hig...
Finite Size Effects at First-Order Phase Transitions Revisited

Two years ago a phenomenological theory of finite size scaling at a temperature-driven first order phase transition was proposed by CHALLA et al. [1]. Approximating the energy distribution function by the superposition of two weighted Gaussian functions, the authors found that all finite-size effects, e.g. “rounding” and “shifting” of the transition, depend on the volume of the system Ld, in accordance with previous general scaling arguments. This prediction was successfully tested [1], by carrying out extensive Monte Carlo calculations, on the ten-state (Q=10) Potts model in two dimensions, defined by the Hamiltonian $$H = - J\mathop \Sigma \limits_{(i,j)} \delta _{\sigma _{\text{i}} \sigma _{\text{j}} } $$ (1) (where δ is the Kronecker delta, J is the interaction strength, the sum runs over all nearest-neighbor pairs of spins, and σj can have Q different values).
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mediate p300-dependent STAT1 Protein Interaction with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ in CD36 Protein Expression and Foam Cell Formation

Previously, we have demonstrated that 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15(S)-HETE) induces CD36 expression involving STAT1. Many studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ mediates CD36 expression. Therefore, we asked the question whether these transcriptional factors interact with each other in the regulation of CD36 expression by 15(S)-HETE. Here, we show that STAT1 interacts with PPARγ in the induction of CD36 expression and foam cell formation by 15(S)-HETE. In addition, using molecular biological approaches such as EMSA, supershift EMSA, ChIP, re-ChIP, and promoter-reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that the STAT1 and PPARγ complex binds to the STAT-binding site at -107 nucleotides in the CD36 promoter and enhances its activity. Furthermore, the interaction of STAT1 with PPARγ depends on STAT1 acetylation, which is mediated by p300. In addition, our findings show that reactive oxygen species-dependent Syk and Pyk2 stimulation is required for p300 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. Together, these results demonstrate that an interaction between STAT1, p300, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is required for 15(S)-HETE-induced CD36 expression, oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake, and foam cell formation, critical events underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The Use of Transition Metal Oxides in Microwave Sintering of Coal Ash-Derived Bricks and Tiles

The generation of undesirable ashes from municipal and hazardous waste incineration, and from coal-fired power plants has become a serious environmental problem. Ash contains heavy metals and/or unburned organics, and the disposal of this material is drawing increased concern from the public and government agencies. Since the leaching of a toxic constituent from a powder is proportional to the surface area of the powder, any method of consolidation is welcome. The interest of such a consolidation process would be greatly increased if, in addition to making this material safe, a commercially useful material could be produced. Conventional methods of heating such as oil-fired furnaces require large flows of air. They are also time and energy consuming because it is relatively difficult to heat up a powder. Microwave processing creates rapid heating and allows for the attainment of uniformly high temperatures; therefor, it is a viable alternative. However, most ashes will not easily absorb microwaves if they do not contain a phase that couples with the microwaves. Transition metal oxides are lossy materials when submitted to microwave radiation. If they are mixed into ashes in a sufficient amount, they will generate heat, cause sintering and reduce the surface area of the powder. In the present work, coal ash-derived bricks and tiles were successfully obtained. Details of processing, mechanical properties and chemical durability of these consolidated ceramics are presented
The Management Consulting Firm as a Source of High-Level Managerial Talent

Management consultants and corporate managers are compared on measures of motivation and mental ability which have exhibited some relationship to managerial success. A consistent pattern of superio...
Spontaneous alternation and emotionality in rats with differential early experience

The relationship between emotionality measures and spontaneous alternation was tested using male rats which had been differentially handled as pups. Handled rats had less emotional open-field activity patterns over a 90-day period and alternated more than nonhandled rats.
Two-Sided versus One-Sided Appeals: A Cognitive Perspective on Argumentation, Source Derogation, and the Effect of Disconfirming Trial on Belief Change:

The authors consider the effects of exposure to various advertising appeal types (differing in sidedness) on cognitive response and belief change in the context of inoculation and correspondence th...
Configurable and Scalable Turbo Decoder for 4G Wireless Receivers

The increasing requirements of high data rates and quality of service (QoS) in fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication require the implementation of practical capacity approaching codes. In this chapter, the application of Turbo coding schemes that have recently been adopted in the IEEE 802.16e WiMax standard and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard are reviewed. In order to process several 4G wireless standards with a common hardware module, a reconfigurable and scalable Turbo decoder architecture is presented. A parallel Turbo decoding scheme with scalable parallelism tailored to the target throughput is applied to support high data rates in 4G applications. High-level decoding parallelism is achieved by employing contention-free interleavers. A multi-banked memory structure and routing network among memories and MAP decoders are designed to operate at full speed with parallel interleavers. A new on-line address generation technique is introduced to support multiple Turbo interleaving patterns, which avoids the interleaver address memory that is typically necessary in the traditional designs. Design trade-offs in terms of area and power efficiency are analyzed for different parallelism and clock frequency goals.
Contribution of extended family history in assessment of risk for breast and colon cancer

Family history is important for identifying candidates for high risk cancer screening and referral for genetic counseling. We sought to determine the percentage of individuals who would be eligible for high risk cancer screening or genetic referral and testing if family history includes an extended (vs limited) family history. Family histories were obtained from 626 women at UVMMC associated mammography centers from 2001 to 2002. ACS guidelines were used to determine eligibility for high risk breast or colon cancer screening. Eligibility for referral for genetic counseling for hereditary breast and colon cancer was determined using the Referral Screening Tool and Amsterdam II screening criteria, respectively. All family histories were assessed for eligibility by a limited history (first degree relatives only) and extended history (first and second degree relatives). Four hundred ninety-nine histories were eligible for review. 18/282 (3.6 %) and 62/123 (12 %) individuals met criteria for high risk breast and colon cancer screening, respectively. 13/18 (72 %) in the high risk breast cancer screening group and 12/62 (19 %) in the high risk colon cancer screening group met criteria based upon an extended family history. 9/282 (1.8 %) and 31/123 (6.2 %) individuals met criteria for genetic counseling referral and testing for breast and colon cancer, respectively. 2/9 (22 %) of individuals in the genetic breast cancer screening group and 21/31 (68 %) individuals in the genetic colon cancer screening group met criteria based upon extended family history. This is one of the first studies to suggest that first degree family history alone is not adequate for identification of candidates for high risk screening and referral for genetic counseling for hereditary breast and colon cancer syndromes. A larger population is needed to further validate this data.