cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superfluidity of thin helium films

The question of the existence of superfluidity in unsaturated 4He films has been investigated by a number of experimental techniques. The techniques used include mass and thermal transport, 1–5 propagation of third sound,6,7 and the presence of long-lived persistent current flow states.8 The onset temperature for superfluidity is found to decrease as the film thickness is reduced.
Computer support for machine-independent parallel programming in Fortran D

Abstract Because of the complexity and variety of parallel architectures, an efficient machine-independent parallel programming model is needed to make parallel computing truly usable for scientific programmers. We believe that Fortran D, a version of Fortran enhanced with data decomposition specifications, can provide such a programming model. This paper presents the design of a prototype Fortran D compiler for the iPSC/860, a MIMD distributed-memory machine. Issues addressed include data decomposition analysis, guard introduction, communications generation and optimization, program transformations, and storage assignment. A test suite of scientific programs will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both the compiler technology and programming model for the Fortran D compiler.
The clearance of human fibrinogen fragments D1, D2, D3 and fibrin fragment D1 dimer in mice

Abstract The clearance of human fibrinogen fragments D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and fibrin fragment D 1 dimer were studied in the mouse model. Clearance of these fragments is a complex process involving clearance from blood into three other compartments. The overall clearance of fragment D 1 and its dimer were essentially identical. Fragments D 2 and D 3 cleared at a progressively slower rate. Competition studies were performed between 125 I-labeled fragment D 1 and large molar excesses of unlabelled human fragments D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 1 dimer, fragment E, fibrinogen, macroalbumin, mannan and asialooroscomucoid. Of these ligands only the fragment D variants competed for the clearance of 125 I-labeled fragment D 1 . Cross-competition was observed when 125 I-labeled fragment D 1 dimer was cleared in the presence of large molar excesses of fragment D 1 . Autopsies demonstrated that injected fragments D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 1 dimer cleared primarily in liver and kidneys. In some clearance studies, livers were perfused with tissue culture fluid, subjected to light microscopic autoradiography, and silver grain counts performed to localize cleared fragment D 1 . These experiments indicated that 80% of the liver uptake was in hepatocytes. However, when silver grain counts were normalized for the number of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, the distribution of silver grains was essentially identical (1.8 and 1.6 grains per cell, respectively). It is concluded that fragments D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 1 dimer are recognized by a similar clearance pathway. Since neither fibrinogen nor fragment E competed for the clearance of fragment D 1 , it is suggested that determinants present in the fragment D domain become exposed after plasmin attack on fibrinogen and are responsible for clearance.
On expected volumes of multidimensional confidence sets associated with the usual and adjusted likelihoods

We consider a general multiparameter set-up, where both the interest and the nuisance parameters are possibly vector valued. We derive an explicit higher order asymptotic formula to compare the expected volumes of confidence sets given by likelihood ratio statistics arising from the usual profile likelihood and various adjustments thereof. Our general framework also allows us to include highest posterior density regions, with approximate frequentist validity, in the study. The fact that our interest parameter is possibly vector valued complicates the derivation and warrants the development of special tools and techniques.
Strengthening grief support for children with developmental disabilities

Although a sizable literature investigates and describes children’s grief, the majority of information focuses on typically developing children. Far less has been published about the loss and grief...
Unintentional shootings, highway crashes and acts of violence—A behavior paradigm

Characteristics of Vermont residents involved as shooters in unintentional shootings of all degrees of severity were compared with those of residents whom they shot and residents of same sex and similar age, most of whom owned guns but who were not involved in shooting incidents. In comparison with the other two groups, the shooters more often were previously known to the police, had arrests for violence, had arrests involving alcohol, and crashes and traffic citations during the previous 3 years and during their lifetimes. A behavior model is suggested, commonly involving alcohol, in which poor control of aggressive tendencies results in intentional acts of violence, and unintentional injury both on the highway and elsewhere.
Peanut Hull Flour as a Potential Source of Dietary Fiber

Peanut hull flour (PHF) was prepared from two types of peanuts and subsequently analyzed and evaluated as a dietary fiber source. The yield of PHF from the sheller-run hulls ranged from 15–33%. The PHF averaged 47.3% crude fiber. The neutral detergent fiber content was 78.1% and consisted of 25.5% lignin, 18.0% hemicellulose, and 34.6% cellulose. Fourteen elements were determined in the ash: P, Ca, Mg, and K were present in the highest concentrations. Holding capacities were 3.1g water/g flour and 1.7g oil/g flour. Cation exchange capacity was 1.0 meq/g flour; emulsifying capacity, 26.6 ml oil/g flour. Gross energy content was 4.57 Kcal/g, but about 0.52 Kcal/g would be available in the monogastric digestive system. Toasting caused a slight darkening of the flour and the flours had a slight peanut flavor. Thus, PHF seems to have potential for use as dietary fiber.
Interaction of chlorine with Au-O surface complexes

Chlorine effectively improves the selectivity of catalytic partial oxidation reactions on Au(111). Here, scanning tunneling microscopy was used to visualize the dispersal and redistribution of Au islands stabilized by oxygen on the surface. The dispersal of Au islands also prevents the ordering of oxygen on the surface at room temperature. This dynamic interaction stems from the through-metal nature, for example, incorporation of gold atoms in the adsorbates. The change of oxygen spatial organization is used to explain one of the major mechanisms for chlorine promotion of olefin oxidation by Au.
Assessment of rattlesnake dangerousness by California ground squirrels : exploitation of cues from rattling sounds

Abstract We propose that the predator–prey relationship between California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi beecheyi , and northern Pacific rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus , offers a compelling analogy with the well-studied case of intraspecific fighting and assessment. Because ground squirrels frequently place themselves at risk by harassing rattlesnakes, they stand to benefit from assessment strategies which serve to mediate risk. For example, larger and warmer snakes are more dangerous than smaller and cooler ones. These determinants of dangerousness covary with acoustic characteristics of the rattling sounds elicited by squirrel harassment. To determine whether squirrels use these acoustic cues regarding rattlesnake body size and body temperature, we played back rattling and control sounds to individuals in a population of free-living squirrels. The squirrels clearly associated rattling sounds with rattlesnakes and proved capable of assessing both determinants of rattlesnake dangerousness on the basis of acoustic cues. Several features of squirrel behaviour covaried with these acoustic cues, including tail flagging, bipedal posture, and hesitancy to reapproach the area where the rattle was heard. Many of these behavioural differences were sustained for up to 10 min postplayback.
Assessing Effectiveness of Undergraduate Instruction in Psychology

To assess the effectiveness of instruction in psychology, we developed a means of testing student learning that includes questions from all areas of psychology in many test forms at minimal cost. Students are tested when they begin the first psychology course, as seniors, and twice between. Three pretest-posttest studies showing evidence of learning in individual courses and cumulative learning across courses are reported.
Pediatric Vascular Injuries: Acute Management and Early Outcomes

BACKGROUND Although uncommon in children, traumatic vascular injuries have the potential for lifelong disability. We reviewed these injuries, their acute management, and early outcomes at a Level I trauma center. METHODS Retrospective review of patients identified through trauma registry was query of all noniatrogenic vascular injuries in a pediatric population during a 13-year period. Demographics, injury type and management, concomitant injuries, and inpatient outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS From 1995 to 2008, 8,247 children with traumatic injuries were admitted. Of which 116 (1.4%) sustained 138 significant vascular injuries; 111 arterial and 27 venous. Mean age was 12.7 years ± 4.1 years. Penetrating mechanism was more frequent (57.8%; 67 of 116) than blunt (42.2%; 49 of 116). The overall mean injury severity score was 17.3, of which 12.3 ± 11.7 was for penetrating trauma and 24.1 ± 19.3 for blunt trauma. Thirteen of the 36 patients with torso injuries and one with carotid/jugular injury died. The surviving 102 patients sustained 118 vascular injuries (102 arterial and 16 venous). Of this group, 15 (14.6%) had multiple vascular injuries. There were 23 (22.5%) with torso injuries, 72 (70.6%) with extremity injuries, and 7 (6.9%) with cerebrovascular injuries. Primary repair was the most common arterial repair technique for survivors (25.5%, 26 of 102) and was used more frequently in penetrating trauma (35.0%, 21 of 60) than blunt trauma (12.0%, 5 of 42). Limb salvage was 97.4% (113 of 116). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric vascular trauma is uncommon. Penetrating mechanism is more common than blunt. Injuries to the torso carry a high mortality. Limb salvage is almost universal.
An algorithm for the computation of the reversible Randles-Sevcik function in electrochemistry

An algorithm for the numerical approximation of the reversible Randles-Sevcik function has been developed. The algorithm makes use of a piecewise nonlinear approximation that can be employed on a digital computer using FORTRAN.
Feminist Hackerspaces as Sites for Feminist Design

This paper describes the work I have conducted with colleagues in and around feminist hackerspaces -- workspaces that support the creative and professional pursuits of women. Through action research, interviews, and participant observation, I have explored the motivations, activities, and ideals of people organizing feminist hackerspaces. Additionally, I have begun to investigate what feminist design of technology might look like through the facilitation of a series of design workshops in two of these spaces. Through this work, I examine the feminist ideals that develop in these spaces as both discursive and material phenomena that shed new light on what counts as hacking, technology and collaboration.
CATEGORIZING AND CONCEPTUALIZING STYLES IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS1

The classification behavior of male and female college students was compared with that of healthy well-educated older males and females. Object-sorting and photo-sorting (male and female faces) procedures were employed. On measures of categorizing style–conceptual differentiation and compartmentalization–older adults were, respectively, lower and higher than college students. On measures of conceptualizing style–categorical-inferential, analytic-descriptive, and relational thematic–younger adults exhibited stronger preferences for the first two, older adults for the third. Females manifested higher levels of conceptual differentiation than males on both sorting tasks and lower levels of compartmentalization on object-sorting. Five content categories for sorting human faces were derived–physical, age, psychological, demographic, and preferential. No systematic age or sex differences for sorting male photos was obtained. For female photos, however, younger adults were more likely to use physical attributes for grouping, males were more likely to group on the basis of age, and females more strongly favored demographically-based groupings. On the whole, the results failed to confirm other published evidence maintaining that aging is marked by conceptual deficits or a regressed mode of cognitive functioning.
THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT- BACKGROUND

The goal of social impact assessment is to help individuals and communities, as well as government and private-sector organizations, understand and better anticipate the possible social consequence...
A randomized clinical trial of regional cerebral perfusion versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: Outcomes for infants with functional single ventricle

Objective Regional cerebral perfusion has been adopted as a means to improve neuroprotection during aortic arch reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a strategy of regional cerebral perfusion rather than one of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch reconstruction would improve neurodevelopment without increasing morbidity or mortality for patients undergoing the Norwood operation. Methods A randomized trial was performed in infants with single ventricle anatomy undergoing the Norwood operation. Participants were randomized to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest or regional cerebral perfusion. Neurodevelopment was measured before second-stage surgery and at 1 year by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed. Results Seventy-seven patients were enrolled. Survival to hospital discharge was 88% and to 1-year follow-up, 75%, without a significant difference between groups. For the entire cohort, the mean (SD) psychomotor development index score was 77 (20) and the mean mental development index score was 92 (21), with psychomotor development index lower than mental development index both before second-stage surgery ( P P Conclusion Infant development is delayed after the Norwood operation. Pilot data do not suggest that regional cerebral perfusion improves infant development. Further study with a multicenter clinical trial is imperative to address this important question.
Syntheses and crystal structures of gadolinium and europium complexes of AAZTA analogues

Abstract Modified 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic acid (AAZTA) ligands with a hydroxyl arm have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of its lanthanide complexes, determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography, show centrosymmetric nonacoordinated dimeric M2L2 forms where one carboxylate group from each ligand forms a bridge between two metal centers. Each metal center is coordinated with one inner sphere water molecule. The hydroxyl arm does not interfere in the coordination environment of the metal and therefore acts as a good anchor for attaching other functional motifs.
Transport of 5-thio-d-glucose in hamster small intestine

Abstract Segments of hamster small intestine have been used to study the interaction of 5-thio- d -glucose with the d -glucose transport system. By all current criteria, 5-thio- d -glucose is a substrate for the system. We have examined accumulation against a concentration gradient, substrate inhibition, phlorizin sensitivity, Na+ dependence, energy dependence and counterflow. The estimated K m value for 5-thio- d -glucose is of the order of 2.8 mM. Two interesting differences between d -glucose and 5-thio- d -glucose have been found. 5-Thio- d -glucose is less effective than d -glucose in inhibiting the specific binding of d -[3H]glucose to brush borders. 5-Thio- d -glucose is also a poor substrate for hexokinase. The effect of the sulphur substitution on possible ring conformation of the sugar is discussed with respect to the specificity of the transport system.
Transurethral prolapse of a simple ureterocele in a boy: Case report

Although simple ureteroceles are commonly encountered on urography, transurethal prolapse of the ureterocele in a male is an exceedingly rare complication. A fourth such case, with graphic, potentially confusing ultrasound and urographic findings, is presented and discussed.
Variation in pupillomotor responsiveness with mean pupil size.

Abstract Quantitative measurements of iris movement have found increasing application in clinical medicine and research. Though in many studies responses of the pupil system are assumed to be linear (often implicitly) this study shows such an assumption can lead to substantial error. In this investigation a technique for obtaining a quantitative description of variation in pupillomotor responsiveness with changes in pupil size is presented along with results obtained for two subjects. The motor operator so defined is termed the “expansive range nonlinearity” and is shown to affect pupil behavior at all size levels. The implications of this motor phenomenon on quantitative pupil measurements are discussed.
Balloon Atrial Septostomy: The Oldest Pediatric Interventional Procedure

Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) remains an important interventional procedure in the palliation of certain forms of congenital heart disease (CHD), Currently, there are four Food and Drug Administration approved catheters (The Miller catheter, the Rashkind catheter, the Fogarty catheter, and the NuMED septostomy catheter) being used for this procedure. The incidence of complications using these catheters ranges from 0%–11%. The purpose of this article is to discuss the available data using these catheters and to report our own experience using the new NuMED catheter. Sixteen patients with CHD (transposition of the great vessels in 14, hypoplastic left heart in one, and one patient with double outlet right ventricle and mitral atresia) underwent BAS using the new NuMED catheter. Twelve patients were < 24-hours old, 3 < 1-week old, and one patient was 72-days old at the time of the procedure. The mean ± SD weight was 3.4 ± 0.6 kg. The aortic saturation increased from 75%± 19% to 90%± 5% (P = 0.002), and the mean v-wave gradient between the left and right atrium decreased from 5.4 ± 3.7 to 1.6 ± 2.6 mmHg (P < 0.001); the mean v-wave gradient decreased from 5.9 ± 3.3 to 1.6 ± 2.6 mmHg (P < 0.001), and the mean gradient decreased from 3.9 ± 2.4 to 0.5 ± 1.1 mmHg (P < 0.001). The diameter of the atrial communication increased from 2 ± 1.1 to 6.5 ± 1.1 mm (P < 0.001). The only complication encountered was an episode of atrial flutter in one patient, which responded to cardioversion. We conclude that BAS using this new catheter is safe and effective.
Genetic Aspects of Non-Polypoid Colorectal Neoplasms

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease arising through multiple possible pathways. Elucidating the genetic factors controlling molecular phenotype, morphology, histology, and prognosis of different tumor types continues to be a challenge. Non-polypoid colorectal neoplasms provide opportunities for ongoing study of their underlying genetic abnormalities and molecular phenotypes. The varied data from different groups, however, highlight the need for further studies in different populations.
Probing The Politics of Difference: What's Wrong with an All‐Male Priesthood?

Though it is often taken for granted that feminists necessarily must condemn the exclusion of women from the Roman Catholic priesthood, the author demonstrates that the “politics of difference,” if pursued consistently, reopens this question. International feminist arguments for honoring gender differences, the teachings of John Paul II concerning women, and Catholic social justice teachings, taken jointly, suggest that the current Catholic exclusion of women from the priesthood is unjust not because the reservation of a social role to a single sex is inherently unacceptable, but because of the asymmetry in power between the roles accorded men and women in the governance of the Catholic Church. To be just, sex-specific reservation of roles must meet the criteria of balance, proportion, power, and particularity.
Diagnosis and treatment of the overactive bladder

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a symptomatic diagnosis based on the presence of urgency, with or without urge incontinence, and usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, in the absence of obvious pathologic or metabolic disease. Initial management of OAB requires an integrated approach using behavioral and pharmacologic methods. Patients should be educated about the functioning of the lower urinary tract system, fluid and dietary management, timed or prophylactic voiding and bladder training regimens, the keeping of micturition charts or bladder diaries, and pelvic floor exercises. Although the effectiveness of muscarinic receptor antagonists for the treatment of OAB has been shown, adverse effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision have somewhat limited their usefulness. Newer agents that are more bladder selective have been and continue to be developed. The concept of clinical effectiveness-a combination of efficacy, tolerability, and compliance-can be used to evaluate not only how well a drug works, but also the side-effect profile and bothersomeness and how likely patients are to continue treatment. Patients who do not respond to antimuscarinic treatment of OAB may do so because of a variety of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic reasons. Most cases of OAB are not cured, but rather the symptoms are reduced, with an associated improvement in the patients' quality of life. Patients who have failed behavioral and pharmacologic intervention may respond to neuromodulation and augmentation cystoplasty. Future approaches may include (1) other types of systemic pharmacologic therapy; (2) intravesical administration of drugs, including blockers of afferent input; (3) intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin; (4) the use of tissue engineering to simplify augmentation cystoplasty; (5) genetic interventions to reverse neuroplasticity changes; and (6) combinations of these approaches.
Characterization of Predominantly Hydrophobic Poly(styrene)−Poly(ethylene oxide) Copolymers at Air/Water and Cyclohexane/Water Interfaces

Interfacial tension measurements are employed to explore the spreading behavior of predominantly hydrophobic poly(styrene)--poly(ethylene oxide), PS-PEO, diblock copolymers at air/water and cyclohexane/water interfaces. Two copolymers with 7%- and 15.5%-PEO are examined in this study. The former is expected to have a PS block limiting area in air roughly equal to the limiting PEO pancake area, whereas the latter is expected to have a limiting PS block area in air approximately 3 times smaller than the limiting PEO pancake area. At the air/water interface, the 7%-PEO copolymer does not spread well, which is attributed to interference from the hydrophobic PS block. In contrast, the 7%-PEO copolymer spreads well at the cyclohexane/water interface, producing an isotherm with a terminating mean molecular area 3 times smaller than that obtained at the air/water interface. The 15.5%-PEO copolymer spreads well at both the air/water ad cyclohexane/water interfaces due to less interference from the smaller hydrophobic PS block. These observations are compared to compression isotherms, and the results are discussed in terms of the solvating nature of the adjacent cyclohexane phase for the PS block.
Recent advances and clinical implications of the micropapillary histological subtype in lung adenocarcinomas.

SUMMARY Micropapillary (MIP) histologic subtype included in the classification of lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs) is associated with both size- and stage-independent poor prognoses. MIP pattern in lung ADCs, even at small, early stages, correlates with high lymphovascular invasion, visceral pleural invasion and lymph node metastases. Recently, we reported that patients with a MIP component are at a higher risk of locoregional recurrence after limited resection. Identification of a MIP pattern is only possible with permanent pathologic sections; preoperative imaging, cytology or intraoperative frozen section specimens remain unreliable. The intermixed, heterogenous morphology of lung ADC presents a technical challenge in investigating the molecular biology of cells with MIP morphology. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of MIP morphology is vital for therapeutic interventions.
Telomerase-dependent oncolytic adenovirus for cancer treatment

Conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAD) is an attractive anticancer agent as it can selectively replicate in tumor cells. Expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a unique tumor cell characteristic, being absent in normal postmitotic cells. Thus, we constructed a TERT promoter regulated CRAD for tumor-specific oncolysis by replacing the endogenous adenovirus E1A promoter with that of human TERT (Adv-TERTp-E1A). We showed that its replication was severely attenuated in TERT-negative cells, but that it replicated almost as efficiently as wild-type adenovirus in TERT-positive cells. Accordingly, Adv-TERTp-E1A conferred cytopathicity to TERT-positive, but not TERT-negative, cells. In vivo replication of Adv-TERTp-E1A after local administration into a xenograft model of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice was demonstrated by an increase in adenovirus titers in tumor extracts by several orders of magnitude between 6 h and 3 days postvector injection. Furthermore, significant inhibition of tumor growth with substantial necrotic tumor areas staining positively for adenovirus was observed with Adv-TERTp-E1A, but not with a control replication-deficient adenovirus. There was also the absence of hepatotoxicity in tumor-bearing animals after intratumoral delivery of the CRAD. The results indicate that the TERT promoter-driven CRAD is capable of tumor-selective replication and oncolysis in vitro and in vivo, and can be utilized as an adjuvant treatment agent for cancer.
Apparent Reassimilation of Respiratory Carbon Dioxide by Different Plant Species

Differences among species in respiration rates in CO2-free air, in light and dark, were studied using the standard leaf chamber technique and the infrared carbon dioxide analyzer. Photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration were measured. In all species studied, rates of respiration were considerably higher in dark than in light. This effect was assumed to be due to reassimilation of the respiratory CO2. A resistance analogy model was derived to account for the apparent differences in internal recycling of CO2 among species; the differences were correlated with differences in maximum photosynthetic rates in normal air and optimal conditions (P310) and with internal resistances to CO2 diffusion (rk). Species with high P310 and low rk appear to reassimilate all the endogenous CO2, whereas other species with lower P310 and higher rk appear to reassimilate only a part of their respiratory CO2. Experiments with the photosynthetic inhibitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophcnyl)-l,l-dimethyl urea (DCMU), indicated that species with zero respiration in CO2-free air and light release respiratory CO2 when photosynthesis is inhibited. It is concluded that the CO2 released in the presence of DCMU represents respiratory CO2 which recycles to photosynthesis under normal conditions.
When do black shales tell molybdenum isotope tales

Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes in ancient sediments are promising recorders of global ocean paleoredox conditions. Organic-rich black shales can be used to reconstruct ancient ocean Mo isotope compositions if these sediments record the isotopic composition of contemporaneous seawater. Comparison of δ 98/95 Mo in two Devonian shale sequences of similar age, the New York Oatka Creek and Geneseo Formations, reveals that this assumption cannot be applied to all organic-rich shales. Although both sequences contain laminated intervals, elevated organic carbon, and enrichments of redox-sensitive metals, the mean δ 98/95 Mo differs systematically between the formations by ~0.59‰. Independent paleoredox indicators reveal that portions of the Oatka Creek Formation were deposited under pervasively euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) conditions, whereas conditions during deposition of the Geneseo Formation were intermittently euxinic to suboxic (oxygen deficient but not sulfidic in the water column). We infer that reconstruction of ancient ocean δ 98/95 Mo from organic-rich shales requires independent verification of persistent local euxinia. With these considerations in mind, our data point to δ 98/95 Mo in the Devonian oceans ~0.6‰ lighter than in today9s oceans, consistent with expanded anoxia.
Avoidance conditioning of the rate of electric organ discharge in mormyrid fish.

In Mormyrid fish the electric organ appears to discharge as a single unit, and the frequency of discharge is a simply quantifiable behavioural variable. Following a study showing that acceleration in discharge rate can be conditioned classically, demonstration of operant conditioning was undertaken using a yoked control procedure. For each pair of fish six to twelve series of trials were run, and in successive series the avoidance and control contingencies were reversed. The procedure permitted comparison of the contingencies successively in the same fish and simultaneously between fish. The results from eight Gnathonemus indicated that avoidance conditioning can control electric organ activity. In naive subjects avoidance conditioning produced significantly more responding than yoked classical conditioning (P > 0·02). The occurrence of avoidance conditioning was confirmed by the effects of subsequent reversals of avoidance and control schedules.
Electrocardiographic and enzymatic infarct size in a randomised study of intracoronary streptokinase and intravenous anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex in acute myocardial infarction.

The effect of thrombolytic therapy on ECG and enzymatic indices, including estimates of relative infarct size, was studied in 93 patients with acute myocardial infarction randomised to intracoronary streptokinase or intravenous anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) therapy within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms. 90 minutes after treatment, 49% (19/39) of the evaluable streptokinase patients and 44% (19/43) of the APSAC patients had reperfused (p = NS). The time from treatment to reperfusion was less in the streptokinase patients (30 ± 18 minutes for streptokinase and 42 ± 22 minutes for APSAC, p ⩽ 0.02). Resolution of ST segment elevation, 90 minutes after treatment, was greater in the streptokinase patients (residual ST segment elevation 47 ± 36% of initial value for streptokinase and 70 ± 49% for APSAC, p ⩽ 0.06) and in the patients reperfused by either agent (residual ST segment elevation 46 ± 34% for reperfused and 68 ± 52% for non-reperfused, p ⩽ 0.10). ECG infarct size at discharge, determined by sum of Q waves and a 29-point QRS score, relative to the degree of initial ST segment elevation was similar in the streptokinase and APSAC patients, but smaller in reperfused than non-reperfused patients (p ⩽ 0.01 for ΣQ). Peak serum creatine kinase and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase levels were similar in the streptokinase and APSAC, and in reperfused and non-reperfused patients. Lower peak lactic acid dehydrogenase and especially lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzyme values (by 16% and 22%, respectively) were observed in reperfused patients, but differences did not achieve significance. However, the time to peak enzyme levels was significantly shorter in the reperfused patients. Early intracoronary streptokinase and intravenous APSAC therapy have similar effects on ECG and enzymatic infarct size. Reperfusion by either agent, given at a mean of 3 hours 25 minutes, may reduce estimates of infarct size modestly.
An experiment in the control of malaria and bilharziasis

Abstract 1. (1) A scheme whereby the control of malaria and bilharziasis is being attempted in Southern Rhodesia is described. 2. (2) The field teams, who are dual-purpose units, are employed throughout the whole year. Their staffs, transport, equipment and chemicals employed are discussed and the cost of the operations given. 3. (3) The details of the methods of application of BHC and copper sulphate in the control of malaria and bilharziasis, respectively, are given.
Management of Patients With Hypertension: A Hypertension Clinic Model

Objective To describe a successful system for managing outpatients with hypertension. Design The establishment of a Hypertension Clinic in the Division of Hypertension at the Mayo Clinic was reviewed. Material and Methods The assignment of responsibilities in the use of a team approach was evaluated, and the various types of patients encountered were compared. Results Our experience has shown optimal control of hypertension in outpatients with use of a team approach, including hypertension medical specialists, nurses, dietitians, and nurse-educators. Patients also assume an active role in their own care, particularly for compliance with medications and recommended lifestyle changes, attendance at the Hypertension Clinic for follow-up monitoring, and reporting of symptoms or side effects of drugs. Individual goals are established, and patients are managed by the nurse-clinicians. The physician reviews each patient's course at regular intervals or as needed for specific situations. Short-term patients, long-term patients, and those undergoing liver transplantation have successfully participated in this type of a program. Conclusion The team approach for management of outpatients with hypertension effectively provides a support system for prompt attention to any questions or medical problems that arise. With such an approach, decreased morbidity and mortality from hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease have been achieved.
New single-mode optical waveguide on ceramic substrate utilizing siloxane polymer

A new single-mode optical waveguide on a ceramic substrate has been developed to obtain opto-electronic multichip modules for use of high operating frequencies. Propagation loss of the single-mode optical waveguide formed on ceramic substrate is 0.14dB/cm for 1.3 micrometers wavelength.It is fabricated utilizing a siloxane polymer. The film of siloxane polymer can cut-off surface roughness of ceramic substrate. So the optical waveguide on ceramic substrate utilizing the siloxane polymer has fine optical characteristics.
Comments on "Design of optimal multioutput sampling schedules: computation of gradients and Hessian

The main goal of C.-S. Poon (ibid., vol.AC-31, p.664-666, 1986) in the above-titled paper is to derive explicit expressions for the first and second derivatives of particular scalar functions of the Fisher information matrix for a given class of parameter estimation problems. The present authors point out that some of the expressions shown are incorrect, and corrections for the errors are given. >
Load-aware routing in mesh networks: Models, algorithms and experimentation

In this paper we consider wireless mesh networks (WMNs) used to share the Internet connectivity of sparsely deployed fixed lines with heterogeneous capacity, ranging from ISP-owned high-speed links to subscriber-owned low-speed connections. If traffic is routed in the mesh without considering the load distribution and the bandwidth of Internet connections, some gateways may rapidly get overloaded because they are selected by too many mesh nodes. This may cause a significant reduction of the overall network capacity. To address this issue, in this paper we first develop a queuing network model that predicts the residual capacity of network paths, and identifies network bottlenecks. By taking advantage of this model, we design a novel Load-Aware Route Selection algorithm, named LARS, which improves the network capacity by allocating network paths to upstream Internet flows so as to ensure a more balanced utilization of wireless network resources and gateways' Internet connections. Using simulations and a prototype implementation, we show that the LARS scheme significantly outperforms the shortest-path first routing protocol using a contention-aware routing metric, providing up to 240% throughput improvement in some network scenarios.
Economic Determinants of the Farm and Elevator Trends in the Volume of Corn Artificially Dried

The trend toward on-farm drying of corn is not consistent with the economic advantage of the elevator in performing the drying function. This study examines the factors that have influenced this trend, using four related analytical models: (1) an aggregate model using county census data; (2) a profit-maximization model of individual farmers; (3) a weighted regression of ownership probabilities based on farm and elevator survey data; and (4) a regression model of behavior response by market areas. Results of these models provide a composite picture of the relationships influencing the decision to dry corn on the farm. Three independent sources of data add validity to the overall conclusions.
Crystal structure of a mesitylene sorption complex of dehydrated fully ca2+-exchanged zeolite X. Sorbed mesitylene appears to be significantly nonplanar

The crystal structure of a mesitylene sorption complex of fully dehydrated Ca2+-exchanged zeolite X, Ca46Si100Al92O384·8C9H12 (a = 24.966(4) A), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 °C. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.05 M aqueous Ca(NO3)2 for 4 d, followed by dehydration at 400 °C and 2 × 10-6 Torr for 2 d (colorless) and then exposure to ca. 2.1 Torr of zeolitically dry mesitylene vapor at 20 °C. The structure of the resulting dark-brown crystal was determined in this atmosphere and was refined to the final error index R1 = 0.046 with 253 reflections for which Fo > 4σ(Fo); wR2 based on F2 and all data (1153) is 0.128. In this structure, 16 Ca2+ ions fill site I (at the centers of the double 6-rings), and the remaining 30 Ca2+ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (near 6-rings in the supercages) with occupancies of 22 and 8 ions. Each of these Ca2+ ions coordinates to three framework oxygens and ex...
A NOVEL RECEPTOR-MEDIATED NUCLEAR PROTEIN IMPORT PATHWAY

Targeting of most nuclear proteins to the cell nucleus is initiated by interaction between the classical nuclear localization signals (NLSs) contained within them and the importin NLS receptor complex. We have recently delineated a novel 38 amino acid transport signal in the hnRNP A1 protein, termed M9, which confers bidirectional transport across the nuclear envelope. We show here that M9-mediated nuclear import occurs by a novel pathway that is independent of the well-characterized, importin-mediated classical NLS pathway. Additionally, we have identified a specific M9-interacting protein, termed transportin, which binds to wild-type M9 but not to transport-defective M9 mutants. Transportin is a 90 kDa protein, distantly related to importin beta, and we show that it mediates the nuclear import of M9-containing proteins. These findings demonstrate that there are at least two receptor-mediated nuclear protein import pathways. Furthermore, as hnRNP A1 likely participates in mRNA export, it raises the possibility that transportin is a mediator of this process as well.
Calcium and pH in cytoplasmic organelles

Abstract Cytoplasmic organelles can maintain large gradients in ion concentrations across their membranes. These ion gradients and the chemical energy stored by them are used for critical steps in processes ranging from mitosis to secretion and endocytosis.
Design and SAR of novel potassium channel openers targeted for urge urinary incontinence. 1. N-Cyanoguanidine bioisosteres possessing in vivo bladder selectivity.

A structurally novel series of adenosine 5‘-triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers is described. As part of our efforts directed toward identifying novel, bladder-selective potassi...
4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal-Induced Formation of 1,N6-Etheno-2‘-deoxyadenosine and 1,N2-Etheno-2‘-deoxyguanosine Adducts

trans-4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal reacted with 2'-deoxyadenosine to give 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine as well as other 2'-deoxyadenosine adducts. It also reacted with 2'-deoxyguanosine to give 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and other 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. Synthetic trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal was quite stable under the reaction conditions that were used. It was not contaminated with 2,3-epoxyoctanal, a potential precursor to the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. Furthermore, using a sensitive LC/MS assay, it was possible to show that no 2,3-epoxyoctanal was formed during prolonged incubations of trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal. Therefore, trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal, a primary product of lipid peroxidation, is a precursor to the formation of 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine. There is no need for an additional oxidation step such as would be required if trans,trans-2,4-decadienal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were the lipid hydroperoxide decomposition products that initiated the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. These findings provide an important link between a primary product of lipid peroxidation and a mutagenic DNA lesion that has been detected in human tissues.
Molten fuel-coolant interaction phenomena with application to carbide fuel safety

Abstract This paper reviews the major phases occurring during an energetic molten fuel/coolant interaction (MFCI), the categories of interaction and modes of contact between molten fuel and liquid coolant, the film boiling destabilization and collapse mechanisms, and the important fragmentation mechanisms of the melt. Two major models that describe the processes involved in an MFCI event are discussed: the spontaneous nucleation model and the pressure detonation model. Finally, the MFCI experiments involving carbide fuel and liquid sodium are reviewed and the potential for an energetic interaction between molten carbide fuel and liquid sodium is discussed. Recommendations are given for future work on MFCI phenomena relative to the carbide fuel/sodium system.
Morphine- and opioid peptide-induced inhibition of the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons

Abstract Dopamine concentrations in pituitary stalk plasma ovariectomized rats and ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats were measured following the subcutaneous administration of morphine or the intraventricular administration of s-endorphin or [D-Ala 2 ]-methionine-enkephalinamide, a synthetic enkephalin analog. The administration of morphine or the opioid peptides led to an 85–89% reduction in the concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma when compared to the mean concentration of dopamine in stalk plasma of vehicle-treated animals. Pretreatment of rats with naloxene, an opiate antagonist, prevented the opioid peptide-induced reduction in the stalk plasma concentration of dopamine. These results are supportive of the hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides modulate the release of dopamine by tuberoinfundibular neurons into hypophysial portal blood.
Space-based interferometric telescopes for the far infrared

We discuss concepts for deploying direct-detection interferometers in space which are optimized for the wavelength range 40 micrometers to 500 micrometers . In particular, we introduce two missions in NASA's current strategic plan: SPIRIT (SPace InfraRed Interferometric Telescope) and SPECS (Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure).
Ten-dimensional black hole and the D0-brane threshold bound state

We discuss the ten-dimensional (10D) black holes made of D0-branes in the regime where the effective coupling is large, and yet the 11D geometry is unimportant. We suggest that these black holes can be interpreted as excitations over the threshold bound state. Thus, the entropy formula for the former is used to predict a scaling region of the wave function of the latter. The horizon radius and the mass gap predicted in this picture agree with the formulas derived from the classical geometry. [copyright] [ital 1999] [ital The American Physical Society]
One-to-two Atrioventricular Conduction in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A Mechanism of Initiating Supraventricular Tachycardia

A patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and recurrent supraventricular tachycardia manifested the unusual finding of two ventricular responses to a single atrial depolarization. The second response occurred due to delay in the His-Purkinje system (H-V prolongation). This phenomenon was a mechanism of initiation of supraventricular tachycardia, not previously described to our knowledge.
Information Flow Analysis of Formal Specifications

A method is given to enumerate the flows between variables in systems specified in a non-procedural language. It finds all flows that would exist according to a deductive theory of information flow. It is presented in the form of an attribute grammar for the specification language. The effect of system invariants is discussed.
A Spectrum-narrowed, Wavelength and Temperature Stabilized Broad Area Laser Using a Subwavelength Resonant Grating Filter Feedback

In this paper, we demonstrate spectrum narrowing and wavelength stabilization (both thermal and temporal) with a subwavelength resonant grating (SRG) for a single broad area laser (BAL) emitter running at moderate pump current. Our method is simple, low cost and easy to implement. A narrower spectrum width and much higher stability could be achieved on a BAL with antireflective coated front facet. Using the same approach to narrow and stabilize all the emitters on a laser diode array is under way
Idiopathic renal infarction

Abstract We describe teh course of acute renal infarction, without a demonstrable cause, in an otherwise healthy young male. Renal function was not compromised, and the infarct failed to progress. Literature on relevant diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is reivewed.
Visual rehabilitation in a child with diffuse choroidal hemangioma by using aggressive amblyopia therapy with low-dose external beam irradiation.

Abstract Diffuse choroidal hemangioma is a congenital vascular hamartoma often associated with hemangiomatous lesions of the brain, orbit, and periocular skin (nevus flammeus) in the Sturge-Weber syndrome. Visual loss from diffuse choroidal hemangioma may result from chronic serous retinal detachments causing retinal pigment epithelial, photoreceptor or cystoid degeneration, and glaucomatous optic atrophy. Low-dose external beam irradiation has successfully resolved exudative retinal detachment and caused shrinkage of the choroidal hemangioma. 1-3 Visual loss in Sturge-Weber syndrome with diffuse choroidal hemangioma often begins during amblyogenic years. Visual rehabilitation may thus require not only therapeutic intervention to address organic disease but also amblyopia therapy. Though many of the previously reported cases address treatment of the diffuse choroidal hemangioma with laser or radiotherapy, none advocate or emphasize treatment of nonorganic amblyopia associated with this condition. We report the case of a child with Sturge-Weber syndrome and unilateral diffuse submacular choroidal hemangioma who developed an exudative retinal detachment that responded to the combination of low-dose external beam irradiation and aggressive amblyopia therapy. JAAPOS 2000;4:321-2.