cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Analysis of Cellular Internalization of a Cell- and Skin-Penetrating Peptide

Keratinocytes are a targeted cell-type for treating skin disease. However, delivering drugs into the skin and keratinocytes remains challenging due to transport barriers posed by both the stratum corneum and cell membrane. Nonetheless, SPACE™ peptide has been shown effective in delivering a number of macromolecules into the skin and cells. Accordingly, we sought to explore the mechanism of SPACE™ peptide internalization under conditions relevant for skin delivery. Mechanistic analysis was performed using live cell confocal microscopy. Potential binding targets were assessed by Western blot and mass spectrometry. Experimental data suggest an energy-dependent mechanism for the cellular entry of SPACE™ peptide into human epidermal keratinocytes. SPACE™ peptide associates with the cell membrane within seconds and then is internalized rapidly. Co-incubation with heparin sulfate or serum suggests that association with the cell membrane may be specific in nature. Western blot and mass spectrometry studies are consistent with earlier findings that keratin may play an important role in SPACE™ peptide internalization. This work highlights the potential for delivering drug into the cytoplasm of keratinocytes for the treatment of skin disease through topical application. Further, it highlights an ongoing need for studies involving cell-penetrating peptides under clinically relevant conditions. SPACE™ peptide has been shown to enhance delivery of a wide variety of macromolecules into the skin and cells. However, the mechanism of cell entry of SPACE™ peptide under conditions relevant for skin delivery is not understood. Accordingly, we sought to explore the mechanism of SPACE™ peptide internalization in keratinocytes under conditions relevant for skin delivery. A better understanding of the dominating pathways and major molecular players involved in SPACE™ peptide internalization under clinically relevant conditions will aid the development and translation of SPACE™ peptide-based technologies for treating skin disease.
Cryptosporidium: A Common Cause of Parasitic Diarrhea in Otherwise Healthy Individuals

La crytosporidiose semble etre une cause importante de diarrhee parasitaire. Chez les malades avec une histoire recente de diarrhee due a une cryptosporidose, des ovocytes peuvent etre rencontres pendant plusieurs jours dans les selles moulees de la convalescence
Comparisons of Five Toxicity Parameters of Serratia marcescens Endotoxins

SummaryPhenol-water purification of TCA extracted Serratia marcescens endotoxin results in an apparent enhancement of toxicity as measured by two methods for testing biological activity, whereas three other methods indicate only an insignificant increase in toxicity. Partial degradation of endotoxin by NaOH shows a rapid loss of chick embryo lethality both by the iv and CAM routes of inoculation. Mouse lethality persists longer, almost complete detoxification occurring between 1 and 6 hours of NaOH treatment. The FI40 figures in rabbits tend to show an increase in pyrogenicity after 5 min of treatment and a progressive decrease between 30 min and 24 hours, although a low level of pyrogenicity is retained at the latter time. Shwartzman reactivity increases up to 1 hour of NaOH treatment, followed by a decrease to approximately the initial level after 24 hours of treatment and thus would appear to be a less reliable indicator of detoxification when compared to the other testing procedures. It is thus seen t...
Analysis of ABCG2 and other urate transporters in uric acid homeostasis in chronic kidney disease: potential role of remote sensing and signaling

Background In the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), altered extra-renal urate handling may be necessary to regulate plasma uric acid. The Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis (Nigam S. What do drug transporters really do? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14: 29–44) suggests that multispecific solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters in different tissues are part of an inter-organ communication system that maintains levels of urate and other metabolites after organ injury.
Phacotrabeculectomy With "Smile" Incision, Punch, and Single Releasable Suture

. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe and prospectively evaluate a technique of phacotrabeculectomy consisting of a smile wound, corneal punch, and tight closure of the scleral flap with a single releasable suture. . PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 25 patients underwent this procedure performed by a single surgeon. The surgical technique is described and the first year of follow-up is evaluated. . RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 25.4 mm Hg preoperatively and 16.2 mm Hg at a mean follow-up of 10.2 months (a fall of 36%). Incidence of immediate postoperative complications was low, especially those related to hypotony (wound leak, shallow anterior chamber, fibrinous uveitis). There was a 50% incidence of postoperative IOP spikes of greater than 26 mm Hg. Three cases were deemed partial failures at 1 year (IOP 21 mm Hg or further surgery required). . CONCLUSION: The tight scleral flap and routine release of the releasable suture on the third postoperative day reduce immediate postoperative complications compared with other studies, with the exception of IOP spikes. The lack of aqueous flow in the immediate postoperative phase may be a factor in the failure rate, which is higher than expected.
Injuries of the spleen.

Pathology, Clinical manifestations, and diagnostic aids such as abdominal paracentesis, angiography, and radionuclide studies, and important features of emergency splenectomy.
Bio-inspired optical microwave phase lock loop based on nonlinear effects in semiconductor optical amplifier

Optical microwave phase lock loop using semiconductor optical amplifiers is experimentally demonstrated. Bio-inspired by Eigenmannia and implemented with photonics, the proposed scheme is compact, has a simple architecture, and has a wide operating frequency range.
HIV Infection and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Beyond Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) increasingly afflicts people living with HIV (PLWH) in the contemporary era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most widely studied cardiovascular problem in PLWH; however, less is known about other clinically relevant subtypes of CVD such as heart failure (HF), cerebrovascular disease, sudden cardiac death, pericardial diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. This paper reviews evidence of other subtypes of CVD as emerging issues in the post-ART era. Recent studies have shown that PLWH have higher risk of HF as well as subclinical impairment of left ventricular (LV) mechanics (systolic and diastolic dysfunction) and myocardial abnormalities (fibrosis and steatosis). The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well-understood. A few studies have also shown higher rates of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in PLWH. Ischemic stroke is the most common stroke type in the post-ART era, with underlying mechanisms like those identified in CAD: chronic inflammation and associated vasculopathy. Studies of great vessels (carotid artery and aorta) and peripheral arterial disease show heterogeneous results. Small subclinical pericardial effusions are common in PLWH in post-ART era. Pulmonary hypertension continues to be an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal complication of HIV infection. PLWH remain at higher risk for all types of CVD including heart failure, stroke, and arrhythmias in the post-ART era. Chronic inflammation may play an important role in this increased risk. More studies are needed to further elucidate the extent of non-coronary CVD in PLWH and the underlying mechanisms for them.
Repeat Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Locally Recurrent Brain Metastases

Abstract Purpose /Objective(s): The outcomes of repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) after failure of previous SRS are not well established. We report our overall experience using SRS for the retreatment of locally recurrent brain metastases. Methods Patients with brain metastases diagnosed between 2003-2015 who underwent repeat SRS for local tumor progression following prior SRS were identified. Rates of local control, radiation necrosis, and overall survival were analyzed. Factors affecting local failure and radiation necrosis were assessed by Chi-squared test. Results 24 lesions in 22 patients underwent repeat SRS in a single fraction. Median age was 59 years. The median SRS-1 dose was 18 Gy and the median SRS-2 dose was 15.5 Gy. The median SRS-1 target volume was 2.25 cm 3 and the median SRS-2 target volume was 3.30 cm 3. The median follow up from SRS-2 was 8.8 months. The actuarial local control for SRS-2 was 94.1% and 61.1% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Actuarial radiation necrosis was 9.2% and 9.2% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Volume of tumor >4 cm 3 correlated with increased risk of local failure (p=0.006) with no local failures recorded with volumes ≤4 cm 3 . SRS-2 dose, cumulative SRS dose, receipt of WBRT, and use of SRS-2 as boost after surgery did not correlate with local failure or radiation necrosis. Median overall survival after SRS-2 was 8.78 months. Conclusion Repeat SRS is feasible for select patients particularly for those with tumor volume ≤4 cm 3 . Further evaluation is needed to establish the most appropriate treatment doses and volumes for this approach.
Populism and Corporatism in the Middle East and North Africa: a Comparative Analysis

This paper would first define the concepts of populism and corporatism often used to study political systems in Latin America and Europe, (specially Southern Europe). The utility and the relevance of the concepts for the study of politics in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions are delineated. Since our study of populism intends to not only shed light on populism as an ideology and movement, but also analyze its role as an instrument of incorporation of the newly energized masses in the political system and the consolidation of power of populist regimes, we believe the two concepts are organically linked and complementary and as such are integral to understanding populism not only as an opposition movement, but also in shedding light on the policies of populist states once in power. By making brief allusions to populist movements in other parts of the world, especially, Latin America, the commonalities and the differences are dissected. References are made to case studies of the Egyptian, Algerian, Libyan and Iranian revolutions as popular revolutions guided by a populist ideology and how these populist regimes once in power utilized a corporatist strategy to govern. These case studies would illuminate the particular political and cultural manifestations of Middle Eastern populism and corporatism, thus further contributing to our theoretical understanding of comparative populism and their application to the MENA political scene. Such broadly comparative approach allows us to engage in theoretical observations that put the MENA in a larger global context. It also challenges the theory of Islamic exceptionalism. In this paper, we first briefly define the concepts of populism and corporatism in a comparative perspective. Then the relevance and the application of the concepts in understanding the broad dynamics of the regional politics will be discussed.
Clinical Educational Sociology

In my clinical practice, I often work with teachers and other school personnel who are angry, depressed, overwhelmed, feel guilty, and think of themselves as role failures. They are not idealistic tyros, but experienced educators who know a great deal about the mechanics of educating young people. The locus of their problems lies outside themselves, in the structure and organization of schools. Public schools are often chaotic, misorganized institutions and the people who work in them may respond by becoming sick, confused, dispirited, and unhappy. What appear to be individual problems are normal responses to working in an environment that is distorted by deep, virtually unresolvable structural problems.
Opportunities for Joint Water–Energy Management: Sensitivity of the 2010 Western U.S. Electricity Grid Operations to Climate Oscillations

AbstractThe increasing interconnectedness of energy and water systems makes it important to understand how interannual variations in water availability—and climate oscillations—could potentially impact the electric grid operations. The authors assess the vulnerability of the current western U.S. grid to historical climate variability using multiple energy and water system models. A 55-yr-long natural water availability benchmark is combined with the 2010 level of water demand from an integrated assessment model to drive a large-scale water management model over the western United States. The regulated flow at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants is then translated into boundary conditions for electricity generation in a production cost model. This analysis focuses on assessing regional interdependencies and the impact of interannual changes in water availability on power system operations, including reliability, cost, and carbon emissions. Results for August grid operations—when stress on the grid i...
The codesign of an interdisciplinary team-based intervention regarding initiating palliative care in pediatric oncology.

Children with advanced cancer are often not referred to palliative or hospice care before they die or are only referred close to the child’s death. The goals of the current project were to learn about pediatric oncology team members’ perspectives on palliative care, to collaborate with team members to modify and tailor three separate interdisciplinary team-based interventions regarding initiating palliative care, and to assess the feasibility of this collaborative approach. We used a modified version of experience-based codesign (EBCD) involving members of the pediatric palliative care team and three interdisciplinary pediatric oncology teams (Bone Marrow Transplant, Neuro-Oncology, and Solid Tumor) to review and tailor materials for three team-based interventions. Eleven pediatric oncology team members participated in four codesign sessions to discuss their experiences with initiating palliative care and to review the proposed intervention including patient case studies, techniques for managing uncertainty and negative emotions, role ambiguity, system-level barriers, and team communication and collaboration. The codesign process showed that the participants were strong supporters of palliative care, members of different teams had preferences for different materials that would be appropriate for their teams, and that while participants reported frustration with timing of palliative care, they had difficulty suggesting how to change current practices. The current project demonstrated the feasibility of collaborating with pediatric oncology clinicians to develop interventions about introducing palliative care. The procedures and results of this project will be posted online so that other institutions can use them as a model for developing similar interventions appropriate for their needs.
Heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. The role of heparin pretreatment.

Resistance to heparin therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an infrequent yet potentially catastrophic occurrence. Although the exact mechanism of heparin resistance remains unknown, prior exposure to heparin has been implicated as a possible etiologic factor. Of 46 patients undergoing CPB, a subgroup of eight patients requiring heparin treatment preoperatively were retrospectively identified to be at high risk for the development of heparin resistance. Seven of these patients were therapeutically given heparin preoperatively for complications of mitral valve disease. The remaining 38 patients served as a control, 12 patients requiring valvular procedures and 26 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Heparinization for CPB was achieved by giving serial heparin doses of 2 mg/kg until the activated clotting time (ACT) exceeded 400 seconds. The patients receiving heparin preoperatively exhibited a significantly lower ACT response (315.4 ± 58.1 seconds) after a heparin dose of 4 mg/kg than either the control valve (458.4 ± 106.7 seconds) or control coronary (442.2 ± 151.2 seconds) patients. Heparin sensitivity, which was determined by deriving the ACT response per unit of plasma heparin, was also significantly diminished in those patients who were pretreated with heparin. Upon further analysis, heparin resistance was not attributed to a difference in the plasma heparin levels, antithrombin III activity, clotting factors, fibrinogen concentration, or platelet count. The only predictive parameter for the development of heparin resistance in patients pretreated with heparin was a significantly lower baseline ACT. If a fixed heparinization protocol were used, patients receiving heparin in the preoperative interval would be at high risk for inadequate anticoagulation during CPB and would be prone to potentially lethal hemorrhagic and thrombotic sequelae. Therefore, those patients receiving heparin preoperatively require a detailed assessment of the clinical heparin effect prior to the safe institution of CPB.
Students with Behavior Problems

This book is about interventions for students with behavior problems—problems that are pervasive and present a considerable challenge to educators in preschool, elementary, and secondary classrooms across the United States. It is not necessary for educators to have extensive training in psychology or psychiatry to identify and experience the impact of a student with a behavior disorder in their classrooms. In fact, educators are often the first to recognize and seek assistance for children with significant behavior problems (which is typically a phone call home or referral to the school psychologist). These students usually stand out in class after the first few days of school! Acquiring a knowledge base and understanding of the causes and development of behavioral problems will assist educators and parents in intervening more effectively with these difficult students.
Plasma Estrogen Assays Utilizing the Cytoplasmic Estrogen Binder of Rabbit Uterus

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the plasma estrogen assays utilizing the cytoplasmic estrogen binder of rabbit uterus. Measurement of the picogram quantities of unconjugated estrogens present in plasma has been made possible by the availability of proteins with sufficient specificity and binding affinity to act as specific reagents in a radio-ligand binding assay. The androgen-estrogen binding protein of plasma, and an antibody to an estrogen-albumin conjugate, may be suitable specific binding reagents. The data that is obtained employing the estrogen binding protein of rabbit uterine cytosol for the assay of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) throughout the menstrual cycle, has been reported. Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration is measured by radioimmunoassay. New methods have advanced the knowledge of the human reproductive cycle. It can be anticipated that studies would characterize the normal reproductive cycle and provide elucidation of the pathogenesis of hormonal disorders of reproduction.
Where is Goal 18? The Need for Biocultural Heritage in the Sustainable Development Goals

On 25 September 2015, the seventieth session of the General Assembly in the United Nations approved new Sustainable Development Goals building upon the vision of the original Millennium Development Goals. I argue that this post-2015 agenda still neglects fundamental qualities of cultural sovereignty that are key to maintaining sustainable practices, values and lifestyle habits. No single goal emphasises the need to protect local ecological knowledge, cultural heritage and alternative economic practices - nor their interrelation with biodiversity - as a pathway to sustainability. The factors that threaten sustainable lifestyles remain a conspicuous absence in the goals. The article presents a thought experiment to provoke the addition of the 'inextricable link' of biological, cultural and linguistic diversity to the Sustainable Development Goals: the recognition and affirmation of biocultural heritage.
Evidence of Oral Interference in Franco-Italian

The four lexemes bragagner, sberna, seterer and smenaventure are problematic within the text of Ms. marc. fr . 13 since the forms differ from those of any other texts of the time (with the exception of other Franco-Italian texts in the case of bragagner) . I will show that the points of difference are phonological and morphological changes resulting from interference patterns with spoken Italian. Manoscritto marciano francese 13 (St. Mark’s manuscript 13 of the French collection) is an untitled anonymous manuscript from the first half of the 14th century at St. Mark’s Library in Venice. It contains eight chansons de geste . These are the first written versions of Old French epic poetry produced in Italy; that is, they are not copies of Old French manuscripts.
Zebrafish Models of Ectopic Mineralization—The Paradigm of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Zebrafish represent a powerful model system with which to study human biology and pathology. Recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables genetic manipulation with precision. Using CRISPR/Cas9 methodology, van Gils et al. generated knockout zebrafish for abcc6a, the orthologue of human ABCC6 that is mutated in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Although similarities exist between this and other abcc6a zebrafish models, none fully recapitulate phenotypes of human pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
Exonerees in Black and White: the influence of race on perceptions of those who falsely confessed to a crime

ABSTRACTBlack Americans account for 61% of those who have been released from prison through DNA exoneration. In the present study, we explored the influence of race on perceptions of wrongfully con...
Memories of Rhythms Past: Evidence for Hippocampal Core Clock Disruptions in a Murine Model of Western Diet-induced Obesity (OR32-02-19)

Mammalian circadian rhythms are dictated by solar signals transmitted to the hypothalamic suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN). Although the SCN is the central clock for circadian rhythms, molecular clocks are found in every cell and are composed of the core clock proteins BMAL1, CLOCK/NPAS2, Period (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry). Disruptions in the core clock occur in peripheral tissues after Western diet (WD) feeding and contribute to WD-induced metabolic disease. The mammalian center of memory, the hippocampus, is also sensitive to WD-induced dysfunction, but whether the WD disrupts the hippocampal core clock is not known. The present research explores this gap in our knowledge by examining hippocampal core clock rhythmicity in a mouse model of WD-induced obesity. Mice were maintained on either standard rodent chow with tap water or a 45%/kcal fat WD with a 4% sugar solution (WD + S). Diurnal metabolic rhythms were collected for 24 h in metabolic cages during the 16ᵗʰ week of diet exposure. Livers, hypothalami and hippocampi were then collected at 4-h increments over 24 h. mRNA expression was measured using RT-qPCR and assessed by cosinor-based rhythmometry. WD + S feeding significantly increased body weight and normalized liver weight (P < 0.001) and significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of whole-body metabolism (P < 0.05). As expected, the WD + S also induced significant alterations in the hepatic rhythmicity of bmal1 and cry1 expression (P < 0.05). In line with previous findings, the rhythm of the hypothalamic core clock did not significantly differ between the dietary groups. The hippocampal core clock, however, was significantly disrupted by the WD + S. Bmal1 and npas2 expression were phase shifted by 16 and 4 h, respectively, while per2 expression was significantly amplified across all measured time points in the WD + S group (P < 0.01). WD + S feeding significantly alters the rhythmicity of core clock mRNA expression in the hippocampus. These results indicate that diet-induced disruptions of the core clock may have implications in memory diseases with significant circadian etiologies, such as Alzheimer's disease. Funding was provided by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and the Auburn University Center for Neuroscience Initiative.
Single-Vessel Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from Milled Corn

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has potential as a key platform commodity for producing plastics from bioderived sugars rather than petroleum. To date, economically feasible HMF production has been limited by high substrate cost, the use of expensive solvents, or low reaction yields. In this work, a process to produce HMF directly from corn in a single-vessel reaction is described. Molar HMF yields of 88% are attained through the addition of activated carbon to a reaction media consisting of water, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile. An HMF production process is described, and a preliminary economic analysis demonstrates that the minimum selling price of HMF is $1105 per tonne. This selling price is competitive with paraxylene, a similar petroleum-derived chemical for plastic synthesis that is sold for ∼ $1300 per tonne. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify critical technical hurdles for successful commercialization of an HMF production facility. Additionally, Monte Carlo analysis suggests that the probability of creating a profitable process is high. The results of this work represent a significant step forward for the commercialization of HMF as a commodity chemical to compete with petroleum-based precursors to plastics.
Attitudes towards digital health tools for outpatient cirrhosis management in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Background Technology represents a promising tool to improve healthcare delivery for patients with cirrhosis. We sought to assess utilisation of technology and preferred features of a digital health management tool, in patients with an early readmission for decompensated cirrhosis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients readmitted within 90 days for decompensated cirrhosis. A semistructured interview obtained quantitative and qualitative data through open-ended questions. Results Of the 50 participants, mean age was 57.6 years and mean (range) model for end stage liver disease was 22.7 (10–46). Thirty-eight (76%) patients own a Smartphone and 62% have regular access to a computer with internet. Thirty-nine (78%) patients would consider using a Smartphone application to manage their cirrhosis. Forty-six (92%) patients report having a principal caregiver, of which 80% own a Smartphone. Patients were interested in a Smartphone application that could communicate with their physician (85%), send medication notifications to the patient (65%) and caregiver (64%), transmit diagnostic results and appointment reminders (82%), educate about liver disease (79%), regularly transmit weight data to the doctor (85% with ascites) and play a game to detect cognitive decline (67% with encephalopathy). Common themes from qualitative data include a desire to learn about liver disease and communicate with providers via digital tools. Conclusion Among patients with cirrhosis with an early readmission for decompensation, most have Smartphones and would be willing to use a Smartphone to manage their disease. Future digital health management tools should be tailored to the use patterns and preferences of the patients with cirrhosis and their caregivers.
Axillary ultrasound during neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients

Abstract Purpose To investigate the value of performing mid-treatment axillary ultrasound (AUS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who are undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) by determining the optimal cutoff number of abnormal nodes associated with residual nodal disease on surgical pathology. Materials and methods This sub-study, an interim analysis of an ongoing single-institution clinical trial enrolling patients with stage I-III TNBC, included 106 patients. Number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment was assessed and recorded by experienced breast radiologists, who empirically categorized lymph nodes using a binary approach of sonographically-normal versus abnormal. Pathologic lymph node positivity was defined as presence of macrometastasis or micrometastasis in ≥1 axillary node from sentinel lymph node biopsy and/or axillary lymph node dissection. Results Of 106 patients, 26 (25 %) had residual nodal disease and 80 (75 %) had no nodal disease at surgery. Median number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment was 5 (standard deviation [SD], 5) for patients with residual nodal disease and 0 (SD, 2) for patients with no nodal disease at surgery (p 4 abnormal nodes at mid-treatment had a significantly higher chance of being node-positive at surgery (AUC = 0.908, p Conclusion Our data suggest that a cutoff of >4 abnormal nodes on mid-treatment AUS is associated with residual disease post-NAST. If our findings are substantiated by subsequent analyses, then mid-treatment AUS could be used to identify patients unlikely to achieve nodal pathologic complete response and who should be offered alternative therapy.
Three-dimensional envelope instability in periodic focusing channels

The space-charge driven envelope instability can be of great danger in high intensity accelerators and was studied using a two-dimensional (2D) envelope model and three-dimensional (3D) macroparticle simulations before. In this paper, we study the instability for a bunched beam using a three-dimensional envelope model in a periodic solenoid and radio-frequency (rf) focusing channel and a periodic quadrupole and rf focusing channel. This study shows that when the transverse zero current phase advance is below $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, the beam envelope can still become unstable if the longitudinal zero current phase advance is beyond $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. For the transverse zero current phase advance beyond $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, the instability stopband width becomes larger with the increase of the longitudinal focusing strength and even shows different structure from the 2D case when the longitudinal zero current phase advance is beyond $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. Breaking the symmetry of two longitudinal focusing rf cavities and the symmetry between the horizontal focusing and the vertical focusing in the transverse plane in the periodic quadrupole and rf channel makes the instability stopband broader. This suggests that a more symmetric accelerator lattice design might help reduce the range of the envelope instability in parameter space.
Flirtation with Seleznev

While Dugin continued to believe that Putin would finally realize that only Dugin could show him the meta-historical essence of his rule, the Kremlin continued to ignore Dugin. Moreover, the Kremlin clearly withdrew its support of the Eurasian Party, which soon collapsed. Dugin became increasingly frustrated with Putin and started to assert that despite Putin’s achievements, he could lead the country to disaster. Consequently, Dugin tried to enter the big politics another way: he tried to flirt with various political parties and groups. Communists were among these. Still, the attempt was not successful.
Optical scattering as an early marker of apoptosis during chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in murine models of prostate and breast cancer.

Abstract Monitoring of the in vivo tumor state to track therapeutic response in real time may help to evaluate new drug candidates, maximize treatment efficacy, and reduce the burden of overtreatment. Current preclinical tumor imaging methods have largely focused on anatomic imaging (e.g., MRI, ultrasound), functional imaging (e.g., FDG-PET), and molecular imaging with exogenous contrast agents (e.g., fluorescence optical tomography). Here we utalize spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), a noninvasive, label-free optical technique, for the wide-field quantification of changes in tissue optical scattering in preclinical tumor models during treatment with chemotherapy and antiangiogenic agents. Optical scattering is particularly sensitive to tissue micro-architectural changes, including those that occur during apoptosis, an early indicator of response to cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, or radiation therapy. We utilized SFDI to monitor responses of PC3/2G7 prostate tumors and E0771 mammary tumors to treatment with cyclophosphamide or the antiangiogenic agent DC101 for up to 49 days. The SFDI-derived scattering amplitude was highly correlated with cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis (ρp = 0.75), while the exponent of the scattering wavelength-dependence correlated with the cell proliferation marker PCNA (ρp = 0.69). These optical parameters outperformed tumor volume and several functional parameters (e.g., oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration) as an early predictive biomarker of treatment response. Quantitative diffuse optical scattering is thus a promising new early marker of treatment response, which does not require radiation or exogenous contrast agents.
A Methodology to Develop and Implement Digital Twin Solutions for Manufacturing Systems

Digital Twin (DT) is an emerging technology that has recently been cited as an underpinning element of the digital transformation. DTs are commonly defined as digital replicas of components, systems, products, and services that receive data from the field to support intelligent decision-making. Although several frameworks for DT application in manufacturing have been proposed, there is no systematic methodology in the literature that supports the development of scalable, reusable, interoperable, interchangeable, and extensible DT solutions, while taking into account specific manufacturing environment needs and conditions. This paper introduces a DT solution development methodology as a generic procedure for analyzing and developing DTs for manufacturing systems. The methodology is based on the well-known System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process and takes into consideration: (1) the specificity of DT characteristics and requirements, (2) an understanding of the manufacturing context in which the DTs will operate, and (3) the object-oriented aspects required to achieve DT capabilities of scalability, reusability, interoperability, interchangeability, and extensibility. A case study illustrates the advantages of the proposed methodology in supporting manufacturing DT solutions.
Safety assessment of compounded non-FDA-approved hormonal therapy versus FDA-approved hormonal therapy in treating postmenopausal women.

Objective To assess the safety and serum estradiol (E2) and total testosterone (T) concentrations in postmenopausal women treated with Pellet Hormonal Therapy (PHT) and Food and Drug Administration approved Hormonal Therapy (FHT). Methods A total of 539 postmenopausal women were identified, including 384 on PHT and 155 on FHT. Data extracted from medical records include demographics, indication for hormone therapy, treatment duration, side effects, serum E2 and T levels, and frequency of laboratory follow-up. Results The incidence of overall side effects was significantly higher in PHT compared with FHT (221 [57.6%] vs 23 [14.8%], P 1,000 pg/mL and nine women with T level > 400 ng/dL. Conclusion Women on PHT had a significantly higher incidence of side effects than FHT as well as a significantly higher supraphysiological level of peak E2 and T during the treatment.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Submandibular Gland Preservation With Sialendoscopy for the Management of Sialolithiasis.

ObjectiveTo compare the cost-effectiveness of sialendoscopy with gland excision for the management of submandibular gland sialolithiasis.Study DesignCost-effectiveness analysis.SettingOutpatient su...
Emerging Markets Currency Factors and U.S. High-Frequency Macroeconomic Shocks

Relying on the structural vector autoregression developed by Cieslak and Pang (2021), we identify four shocks to the U.S. economy based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve and the stock market: two fundamental news shocks (growth and monetary policy) and two risk-premium shocks (common and hedging). We find that these shocks explain over 40% of the time-series variation of emerging markets currency (EMFX) returns. Additionally, EMFX returns increase significantly with positive U.S. growth shocks and decrease with monetary tightening and risk-premium shocks. We then build long-short currency portfolios based on several academically researched style factors and test their relative exposure to U.S. macroeconomic shocks. We find that only Carry and Macro Momentum long-short portfolios generate positive and significant alphas and excess returns over our sample. However, all single factor portfolios have sizable exposure to U.S. high-frequency shocks. We show that a simple multifactor approach to investing in EMFXs eliminates the exposure of excess returns to U.S. macroeconomic shocks.
Multimode Dynamics and Frequency Comb Generation in Quantum Cascade Lasers

In this talk I will discuss how resonant light-matter interaction in the gain medium of quantum cascade lasers gives rise to a rich nonlinear multimode dynamics and a variety of phase-locked multimode regimes, most notably optical frequency combs with separation between the comb lines changing from one to many dozen round-trip frequencies. I will review recent progress in understanding why frequency comb formation seems to be so ubiquitous in QCLs.
Meltwater sources and sinks for multiyear Arctic sea ice in summer

Abstract. On Arctic sea ice, the melt of snow and sea ice generate a summertime flux of fresh water to the upper ocean. The partitioning of this meltwater to storage in melt ponds and deposition in the ocean has consequences for the surface heat budget, the sea ice mass balance, and primary productivity. Synthesizing results from the 1997–1998 SHEBA field experiment, we calculate the sources and sinks of meltwater produced on a multiyear floe during summer melt. The total meltwater input to the system from snowmelt, ice melt, and precipitation from 1 June to 9 August was equivalent to a layer of water 80 cm thick over the ice-covered and open ocean. A total of 85 % of this meltwater was deposited in the ocean, and only 15 % of this meltwater was stored in ponds. The cumulative contributions of meltwater input to the ocean from drainage from the ice surface and bottom melting were roughly equal.
Spatially resolved micro-absorption spectroscopy with a broadband source and confocal detection

Abstract We present a novel approach to measure optical absorption spectra with spatial resolution at the micron scale. The setup combines a continuous white light excitation beam in transmission geometry with a confocal microscope. The spatial resolution is found to be better than 1.4 μm in the lateral and 3.6 μm in the axial direction. Employing multichannel detection the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell is measured on the timescale of seconds. Through measurements of the transmitted intensity in solutions in nanoliter quantities we establish that the absorbance varies linearly with concentration. Our setup enables the investigation of spatial variations in the optical density of small samples on the micron scale and can be applied to the study of biological assemblies at the single cell level, in optical diagnostics, and in micro-fluidics.
15 – Toward Common Ground: Roles of Markets and Policy1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the roles of market and policy-makers in developing and adapting regulatory principles and processes for biotech demands. At the core of the agricultural biotech debate is a complicated story of the intersection of technological change in agriculture and an increasingly consumer-driven food system. This intersection is reshaping public-sector roles in the agricultural and food system in the US, the EU, and elsewhere. The various ways evolved by the US and EU are a potential source of tensions in an increasingly globalized food system, with implications beyond bilateral relations and the biotech case. But as the food system is increasingly global, there is great impetus to find common ground. It is also important to recognize that there is no single EU viewpoint or single US viewpoint but rather a diverse array of consumer and producer preferences and attitudes in both places. Multinational efforts are underway to build a shared knowledge base that improves the scientific foundation for making difficult social policy decisions and that can enhance the potential for agreeing upon equivalencies and crosswalks between different regulatory frameworks. As farmers and food companies across countries respond to the varying demands of products differentiated by biotech status, the debate will no longer be cast with US interests aligned with biotech crops and EU interests focused on preventing biotech crops. The new US regulatory initiatives on the issue is also working towards reconciling differences with Europe and other trading partners by supporting development of differentiated markets and reviewing scientific assessments of biotechnology.
A Seasonal Storage Solar Heating System for the Charlestown, Boston Navy Yard National Historic Park

This paper concerns the design and analysis of a solar energy system using seasonal heat storage for the National Historic Park in the Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, Massachusetts. The system uses two existing underground concrete storage tanks filled with water as the heat store and makes use of an existing tunnel network for placement of the heat distribution pipe network. The system includes a heat pump and is designed to supply about 1000 MWH of solar heat to displace the hot water and space heat demand.
The significance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in pregnancy

A study was undertaken to attempt to understand the significance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, one of the most common genetic enzymatic defects known, in the context of pregnancy. A group of 841 consecutive patients were screened by a sensitive test for this deficiency state, and all deficient subjects available were matched with control subjects and followed prospectively. Little significance to mother and baby was noted, although the study of the babies was incomplete. Previous reports of an increased rate of urinary tract infections and icterus neonatorum were not substantiated. Increased rates of abortions, low-birth-weight infants, and puerperal drops in red cell volumes were noted. The physiology of the disease and precautions for practitioners are discussed.
Evaluation Study of Short-Term Programs at a Residential School for Students Who Are Blind and Visually Impaired.

IntroductionThe results of a 2009–2010 program evaluation study that examined parents, teachers of students with visual impairments, administrators, and students regarding overall satisfaction with...
CSMA and CSMA/CD with random signal powers

A throughput analysis is provided of CSMA (carrier-sense multiple-access) and CSMA/CD (CSMA with collision detection) protocols using random signal powers to induce a capture effect when the ratio of the tagged packet power to the total power of interfering packets exceeds a preset detection threshold. The pseudo-Bayesian stabilization of CSMA and CSMA/CD with random two-power levels is also discussed. It is shown that the use of random signal powers improves the throughput of CSMA and CSMA/CD, but the improvement is not as large as in slotted or unslotted Aloha. The throughput improvement is much higher with a multipower model, but the power level is too large to be practical. With random signal powers, the system can operate at a higher channel traffic and therefore has a larger stable domain, and the packet delay is reduced at the same channel traffic load. >
Resident Education and Training in Female Sexuality: Results of a National Survey

Introduction. Considering the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, the lack of education and training in female sexual function and dysfunction (FSFD most had very little or no knowledge in administering or interpreting screening questionnaires. While many (82.8%) felt confident about obtaining a complete sexual history, only 54.7% felt able to perform a targeted physical exam. Although most residents had cared for women with dyspareunia (55.1%), a minority had managed many women with low desire (18.4%), arousal problems (8.1%), anorgasmia (5.6%), or vaginismus (16.7%). In treating patients, 34-56% reported rarely or never suggesting ancillary therapy such as counseling and medications. However, the majority believed that their confidence would increase through FSFD8:361-366.
Physician screening and recommendations on secondhand smoke in chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent and costly disease that adversely impacts quality of life. As with other chronic diseases, individual and environmental factors impact the disease process. Smoking and secondhand tobacco (SHS) exposures are important risk factors for CRS. However, little is known about the role that physicians play in educating sinusitis patients about this preventable risk. The objective of this study was to characterize physician participation in SHS exposure screening and education. Methods The study was a community-based, case-control study of non-current smokers in Washington County, MD. One hundred cases with CRS were matched with 100 controls for age, sex, and former smoking status. We interviewed participants using a validated questionnaire that included questions on physician inquiry and recommendations pertaining to smoking and SHS exposure. Results Over 80% of participants with CRS recalled their physician inquiring about their current smoking status, whereas only 27% recalled being asked by their physician about SHS exposure and only 23% reported that their physician recommended avoiding SHS. In contrast, more asthma participants recalled that their physicians inquired about SHS exposure (39.6%, although the difference was borderline significant p = 0.12) and recommended reducing SHS exposure (45.8%, p = 0.005). Conclusion Despite the increasing support for SHS exposure as a risk factor for CRS, relatively few physicians inquire about SHS and provide recommendations on SHS avoidance. Brief physician inquiry increases success of smoking cessation. Including SHS exposure in the medical history represents an opportunity for otolaryngologists to advise their patients about avoiding SHS and potentially alter disease outcomes.
Disclosure Strategies for Pollution Control

Disclosure strategies, which involve public and/or private attempts to increase the availability of information on pollution, form the basis for what some have called the third wave in pollution control policy (after legal regulation – the first wave – and market-based instruments – the second wave). While these strategies have become common in natural resource settings (forest certification and organic farming, for example), they are less familiar in a pollution control context. Yet the number of applications in that context is now growing in both OECD and developing countries. This survey will review what we know and don’t know about the use of disclosure strategies to control pollution and conclude with the author's sense of where further research would be particularly helpful.