cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum exhibit distinct phasic neuronal activity during alcohol self-administration in rats

The development of alcoholism may involve a shift from goal-directed to habitual drinking. These action control systems are distinct in the dorsal striatum, with the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) important for goal-directed behavior and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) required for habit formation. Goal-directed behavior can be modeled in rats with a fixed ratio (FR) reinforcement schedule, while a variable interval (VI) schedule promotes habitual behavior (e.g. insensitivity to contingency degradation). Using extracellular recordings from chronically implanted electrodes, we investigated how DMS and DLS neurons encoded lever-press responses and conditioned cues during operant alcohol self-administration in these two models. In rats self-administering 10% alcohol on an FR schedule, the DMS neuronal population showed increased firing at the onset of start-of-session stimuli. During self-administration, the most prominent phasic firing patterns in the DMS occurred at the time of reinforcement and reinforcement-associated cues, while the most prominent phasic activity in the DLS surrounded the lever response. Neural recordings from an additional cohort of rats trained on a VI schedule revealed a similar pattern of results; however, phasic changes in firing were smaller and differences between the medial and lateral dorsal striatum were less marked. In summary, the DMS and DLS exhibited overlapping but specialized phasic firing patterns: DMS excitations were typically time-locked to reinforcement, while DLS excitations were generally associated with lever responses. Furthermore, the regional specificities and magnitudes of phasic firing differed between reinforcement schedules, which may reflect differences in behavioral flexibility, reward expectancy and the action sequences required to procure reinforcement.
Use of argatroban and catheter-directed thrombolysis with alteplase in an oncology patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis

Purpose The case of an oncology patient who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) and was treated with argatroban plus catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with alteplase is presented. Summary A 63-year-old Caucasian man with renal amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell collection for an autologous stem cell transplant developed extensive bilateral upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism secondary to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A continuous i.v. infusion of argatroban was initiated, and the patient was managed on the general medical floor. After one week of therapy, he was transferred to the intensive care unit with cardiopulmonary compromise related to superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. A percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and CDT with alteplase were attempted, but the procedure was aborted due to epistaxis. The epistaxis resolved the next day, and the patient was restarted on argatroban. A second percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was performed six days later and resulted in partial revascularization of the SVC and central veins. Postthrombectomy continuous CDT with alteplase was commenced while argatroban was withheld, and complete patency of the SVC and central veins was achieved after three days of therapy. Alteplase was discontinued, and the patient was reinitiated on argatroban; ultimately, he was transitioned to warfarin for long-term anticoagulation. Although the patient recovered, he experienced permanent vision and hearing loss, as well as end-stage renal disease. Conclusion A 63-year-old man with renal amyloidosis and SVC syndrome secondary to HITT was successfully treated with argatroban and CDT with alteplase.
Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and Evolutionary Biology

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsCh. 1The Exegesis of Unifying Biology3Ch. 2A "Moving Target": Historical Background on the Evolutionary Synthesis19Ch. 3Rethinking the Evolutionary Synthesis: Historiographic Questions and Perspectives Explored45Ch. 4The New Contextualism: Science as Discourse and Culture73Ch. 5The Narrative of Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and Evolutionary Biology97Ch. 6Reproblematizing the Evolutionary Synthesis191Ch. 7Epilogue211Select Bibliography217Index223
Cultures of zona ependyma cells of goldfish brain: An immunological study of the synthesis and release of ependymins

Two proteins (ependymins β and γ) localized within specific cells in the zona ependyma of goldfish brain were identified in previous studies in our laboratory as extracellular factors whose metabolism was highly increased by the acquisition of new patterns of behavior. Methods for growing zona ependyma cells in culture were developed to determine if cells within this tissue could synthesize and release the ependymins into their extracellular environment. Dissociated cells from zona ependyma were grown as primary monolayer cultures on polylysine-coated slides. The cultures survived for at least 4–5 weeks, forming an intricate network of interconnecting processes. These contained many cell types, several of which retained their in vivo immunohistochemical properties. Specific populations of cells staining with antisera to nerve growth factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ependymins β and γ were present. Radioimmunossay, immunoelectrophoresis data, and labeling experiments indicate that cells within the cultures can synthesize the ependymins de novo and release them into their extracellular environment. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ependymins might function as extracellular factors which mediate the behaviorally induced plasticity of the goldfish CNS. In this respect they resemble other “protein factors” which stimulate the growth and morphological differentiation of nervous system cultures.
Kalman Filtering with Regional Noise to Improve Accuracy of Contaminant Transport Models

Spatially independent Gaussian noise has been widely assumed in examining the Kalman filter (KF) properties in different areas of engineering practice. However, for subsurface modeling, it is more reasonable to consider both data and noise as regional. In this study, regional noises are employed in KF and finite-difference schemes in solving the subsurface transport problem. A KF is constructed as a data assimilation scheme for a subsurface numeric model. Also, a regional random field simulation scheme is proposed and employed to examine the impact on effectiveness of KF correction processes. The results indicate that the prediction error of the KF data assimilation scheme is 30% smaller than the error from the deterministic model. Furthermore, by applying a correct regional noise structure, the KF data assimilation scheme reduces the prediction error from 25 to 10 ppm in our model, indicating an improvement of 60% in prediction accuracy.
Reconstitution of Diphtheria Toxin from Two Nontoxic Cross-Reacting Mutant Proteins

The isolation of a new type of mutant Corynephage beta, which carries a missense mutation in the structural gene for diphtheria toxin synthesis is described. The lysogenic C7(8)(beta(197))(tox-crm+) strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces a nontoxic, extracellular protein of molecular weight 62,000. This protein is immunologically indistinguishable from toxin itself but inhibits the action of toxin on HeLa cells, probably by competing for attachment sites on the cell membrane. In contrast to fragment A derived from diphtheria toxin, fragment A(197) is unable to catalyze the inactivation of eucaryotic polypeptidyl-transfer RNA-transferase II. When mixtures of the two nontoxic mutant proteins, enzymically active crm(45) protein and enzymically inactive crm(197) protein, are subjected to mild treatment with trypsin in the presence of a thiol and then allowed to reoxidize after dialysis to remove excess thiol, "diphtheria toxin" is reconstituted in high yield.
Preparation and crystal structure of Sr5TiNb4O17

Abstract The compound Sr5TiNb4O17 was prepared and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell (space group Pnnm (No. 58); a = 5.6614(4), b = 32.515(7), c = 3.9525(3)A; Z = 2). The structure consists of alternating perovskite-like slabs offset with respect to each other by a 2 and c 2 . The Sr2+ ions occupy two 12-fold coordinated sites within the slabs and a distorted (7 + 1)-fold coordinated site in the gap separating the slabs. Nb5+ and Ti4+ are distributed among the octahedral sites of the sperovskite slabs with preferential ordering of Ti4+ on octahedral sites in the center of the slabs and Nb5+ in the octahedral sites at the edges of the slabs adjacent to the gap. This compound is the n = 5 member of a structural series AnBnO3n+2, (A = Sr; B = Ti,Nb) where n is the number of perovskite layers within each slab.
poetics and politics of Tongan laments and eulogies

In this article I explore the poetic content of Tongan laments and eulogies and the politics that they aesthetically construct through metaphor and selection. The "oratorical voice" is central to Tongan poetic texts, even though they may never have had an oral public performance. Oratory is the most important art form in Tonga, and through oratoryemotions are expressed and reciprocated. The most emotion-laden genre consists of laments and eulogies. The emotion is triggered by references to God, country, chiefs, and duty(fatongia) and is made especially poignant byaffect-encoding words-'oiaue, fakapo, si'i, 'ofa-as well as by elongated vowels and definitive accents. The work of the orator is to make people laugh and, especially, cry, by metaphorical (and sometimes direct) references to personified yet The aesthetic and political importance of oratory in Tongan laments and eulogies is the focus of this article. A series of historic poetic texts are presented as frames for an interpretation of the politics of prestige and power. These socially realized cultural constructions of emotion illustrate how written texts that are essentially oratorical are interpreted and explained in the oral tradition; how they impose knowledge about social order through an aesthetic medium that helps to create the shared values of the society; and how this essentially aristocratic art form serves as a mechanism for social distancing and control and the elevation of selected chiefly lineages. Spatial, temporal, and sound boundaries are related to social hierarchy, and poetic metaphor is shown to foreground and background the political importance of individuals and society. [poetics, politics, aesthetics, oratory, social structure, lament, eulogy, Tonga, Polynesia]
A SUPERIOR MEASURE OF CONSUMPTION FROM THE PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS

Abstract This paper provides a simple technique for assigning a measure of total consumption to households in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Using regressions from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys of 1972–1973 and 1983, linear predictions of total consumption are estimated which are stable over time and explain up to 78 percent of the total variance in consumption.
Long-term expansion of adult human brain subventricular zone precursors.

Objective Many common neurosurgical procedures, including anterior temporal lobectomy and endoscopic ventricular puncture, allow neurosurgeons to retrieve portions of the germinal subventricular zone (SVZ). Isolation and maintenance of precursor cells from this zone can be used for hypothesis-driven experiments with a goal of improving our understanding of the basic mechanisms of central nervous system injury or disease and the potential of cell-based therapies to treat them. This article details our ability to reliably harvest, isolate, characterize, and maintain normal adult human brain SVZ precursor cells. Methods Normal SVZ specimens were retrieved as part of anterior temporal lobe resections during planned epilepsy surgery. Dissociated SVZ specimens were plated and incubated in epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor for more than 1 year to select for and expand normal neural precursor cells. Results Self-renewal and immunocytochemical experiments proved the feasibility of long-term expansion of a slowly dividing nestin+, vimentin+, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocyte capable of generating new neurons and glia. These mitotically active bipotent human precursors generated a large number of progeny and possessed significant self-renewal capacity, demonstrated by their ability to generate neurospheres. Cryopreservation was reliable with no loss of the precursor phenotype. Conclusion We have adapted techniques to allow for the isolation and long-term propagation of human adult neural precursors that are capable of generating both neurons and astrocytes in vitro. We have exploited the cell's self-renewal capacity to significantly and consistently expand human neural precursor cells for as long as 20 months. These findings suggest that cells derived from the SVZ during routine surgery may provide a renewable source of human neural precursor cells to study the biological mechanism of central nervous system disease or for application in cell-based human transplantation paradigms.
Successful treatment of transection of aortic arch and innominate artery.

Abstract A patient was seen with a widened mediastinum following rapid deceleration injury. A retrograde angiogram showed rupture of the transverse aortic arch and occlusion of the origin of the innominate artery. At operation cardiopulmonary bypass with systemic, cerebral, and myocardial preservation were used to provide a safe approach for inserting a graft to successfully restore normal circulation.
Comparison of breath testing with fructose and high fructose corn syrups in health and IBS

Although incomplete fructose absorption has been implicated to cause gastrointestinal symptoms, foods containing high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) contain glucose. Glucose increases fructose absorption in healthy subjects. Our hypothesis was that fructose intolerance is less prevalent after HFCS consumption compared to fructose alone in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Breath hydrogen levels and gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed after 40 g of fructose (12% solution) prepared either in water or as HFCS, administered in double-blind randomized order on 2 days in 20 healthy subjects and 30 patients with IBS. Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded on 100-mm Visual Analogue Scales. Breath hydrogen excretion was more frequently abnormal (P < 0.01) after fructose (68%) than HFCS (26%) in controls and patients. Fructose intolerance (i.e. abnormal breath test and symptoms) was more prevalent after fructose than HFCS in healthy subjects (25% vs 0%, P = 0.002) and patients (40% vs 7%, P = 0.062). Scores for several symptoms (e.g. bloating r = 0.35) were correlated (P ≤ 0.01) to peak breath hydrogen excretion after fructose but not HFCS; in the fructose group, this association did not differ between healthy subjects and patients. Symptoms were not significantly different after fructose compared to HFCS. Fructose intolerance is more prevalent with fructose alone than with HFCS in health and in IBS. The prevalence of fructose intolerance is not significantly different between health and IBS. Current methods for identifying fructose intolerance should be modified to more closely reproduce fructose ingestion in daily life.
Discipline or Prejudice? Overrepresentation of Minority Students in Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs.

The study seeks to determine the underlying factors contributing to the overrepresentation of minorities in school disciplinary programs. Data from 207 Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs (DAEPs) in Texas are analyzed. The data represent more than 62 % of the student population of Texas school districts. Results support the hypothesis that the ‘whiteness’ of school district undesirably affects the overrepresentation of Black students (but not Hispanic students) in DAEP. Overrepresentation of Black students in disciplinary programs is significantly higher in urban school districts than in rural districts. The findings, however, add a new layer of complexity to the debate on the overrepresentation of minorities in disciplinary programs. This is because not only White school districts are more likely than other districts to exercise their discretionary authority to punish minorities but they also more frequently subject their minority students to mandatory disciplines that are well defined by the state. Plausible explanations of such overrepresentation is offered for future research. Neither wealth nor the districts’ type (urban, suburban, rural and mid-size) have been found to have significant impact on discretionary or mandatory disciplinary actions against minority students.
Insertional mutation of the hairless locus on mouse Chromosome 14

Crosses between heterozygous transgenic mice from line 5053 produced offspring with progressive irreversible hair loss beginning at day 10. With increasing age, the skin of these animals became thicker and plicated in appearance. Histological analysis revealed the complete absence of normal hair follicles and numerous intradermic cystic structures, which enlarged with time and became filled with keratinaceous material. Test crosses demonstrated that the affected animals are homozygous for the transgene insertion. The clinicla and histological phenotype of the new mutant closely resembles that of the rhino allele at the hairless locus on Chromosome (Chr) 14. Complementation tests and linkage analysis indicate that the transgene has interrupted the hairless locus. It has been demonstrated previously that mutation at the hr locus is accompanied by a variety of immune deficiencies. Many of the older affected transgenic mice developed an impetigo-like skin eruption which responded to antibiotic ointment and which may reflect impaired immune function. The transgenic allele, hrTgN5053Mm, will be useful for identification of the transcription unit of the hairless locus.
Changes in Composition of Cheddar Curd during Manufacture as a Guide to Cheese Making by Direct Acidification

Abstract Studies were made to determine whether the properties and composition of Cheddar cheese could be reproduced by batch methods, using simplified procedures meeting requirements for mechanization. They indicated that curd milled at pH 5.3 to 5.4 should contain 41 to 43% moisture and 4.0 to 6.0g lactose per 100g buffering constituents (total solids minus fat and lactose). Nine lots of cheese made without starter from pasteurized whole milk acidified at 40F with lactic acid to pH 5.40±.05 and renneted at 86F ranged from 41.48 to 45.21% moisture. Attempts to follow a stirred-curd procedure after draining were complicated by matting of the curd. Bitterness always developed during storage. Three lots of cheese made from pasteurized whole milk inoculated with 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0% commercial lactic starter, acidified at 40F to pH 5.60±.03 and renneted at 86F, ranged from 38.78 to 41.04% moisture. Cooking to 112F did not produce matting. Vacuum treatment of curd (25 in. for 50min) produced close-textured cheese. Initial body shortness disappeared during storage. Lots made with 1.0 and 2.0% starter did not become bitter.
XRD2 Stress Measurement for Samples with Texture and Large Grains

Stress measurement on samples with texture and large grains is always a challenge. The diffraction peak intensity varies dramatically with different sample orientation. The macroscopic elasticity becomes anisotropic due to strong preferred orientation. The large grains may results in a big error in 2θ due to poor sampling statistics. The fitting results of the conventional sin2ψ method is extremely sensitive to texture and large grains. When stress is measured with a 2D detector, most of the above adverse effects can be minimized or eliminated. The data integration helps to smooth out rough diffraction profiles due to large grain size, texture, small sample area or weak diffraction. The large angular coverage and multiple diffraction rings can minimize the effect of the macroscopic anisotropy. The weighted least squares regression and intensity threshold can further reduce the effect of poor statistics associated with texture and large grains. Multiple {hkl} rings may be used to measure the stress to improve the statistics and minimize the elastic anisotropy effect.
Property Rights and Efficiency of Voluntary Bargaining under Asymmetric Information

We show that in public good problems under asymmetric information, the success of voluntary bargaining is closely related to the structure of property rights. We characterize property rights structures and mediated bargaining procedures that either lead to an efficient voluntary resolution to public good problems, or achieve the efficient outcome but slightly coerce the agents into participation. In this respect, we identify "efficient" property rights structures. In this paper we show that in public good problems under asymmetric information, the success of any voluntary bargaining procedure is closely related to the structure of property rights in the economy. For clarity of exposition, we focus our attention on the following example: in a town inhabited by n residents, a firm is considering whether to operate a factory that generates pollution as an inevitable by-product. A higher level of production generates a correspondingly higher level of pollution. The firm's profits are increasing with the level of production, and the welfare of the residents is decreasing with the level of pollution. The firm's profitability and residents' preferences are assumed to be private information. The structure of property rights specifies the level of pollution that the firm is entitled to emit into the environment.' For every such economy, we describe and prove the existence of "efficient" property rights structures. We characterize property rights structures and voluntary mediated bargaining procedures that maximize the sum of residents' utilities and the firm's profit and thus lead to an efficient resolution to the public good problem. Furthermore, we show that these efficient property rights structures are robust to changes in the underlying environment. This suggests that the combination of efficiency-minded legislation that would set the initial structure of property rights appropriately and a mediator who would base his recommendations on an efficient decision mechanism could facilitate the achievement of the efficient outcome. Under some circumstances, however, we show that the mediated voluntary bargaining procedure has to be replaced by compulsory arbitration that coerces agents into agreement. We provide results that show that when the "efficient" property rights structure is adopted, the degree of coercion that is necessary to obtain the efficient outcome is "small". Thus, in contrast to Rob (1989) and Mailath and Postlewaite 1. Our results apply to any public good problem where the costs and benefits of providing the public good are monotonically increasing in the level of provision and where some additional restrictions, to be specified later, are imposed on the form of the utility and profit functions and on the information structure.
Isolation, stabilization, and characterization of a toxin from timber rattlesnake venom.

Abstract A rapid and convenient method for the purification of a toxin from timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus horridus, venom using carboxymethyl cellulose ion-exchange chromatography has been devised. The toxicity of this venom component is labile, but it is stabilized by the addition of 20% V/V glycerol to the buffer solution. This toxin has a molecular weight of 15,000 + 700 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. It is both heat and protease resistant. Treatment of this venom component with 2-mercaptoethanol followed by G-50 Sephadex chromatography causes no loss of toxicity although incubation of the toxin with 1% SDS and 1% 2-mercaptoethanol prior to electrophoresis does result in a faster migrating species. The toxin does not affect neuromuscular junctions but does appear to act on the nervous system. It causes no local responses in mice.
Correlation of soil radon and uranium with indoor radon in the Albuquerque, New Mexico area

High indoor radon in approximately 30 percent of private dwellings in the Albuquerque, New Mexico area has been reported previously. The present study explains the areas of high indoor radon as a function of different soil and/or bedrock in the area. Soils were sampled during summer and winter periods using alpha track radon detectors. The values range from 40 to 890 pCi/I air at a depth of 38 cm. The gross mean average is 360 pCi/I for the area for summer readings and 200 pCi/I for winter readings; both values are well over the average U.S. soil radon values of approximately 100 pCi/I. Analyses of soil uranium show a range in values of 1–6 ppm, with a mean of 3.1 ppm. Thorium values range from 3.3 to 28.8 ppm, and Th/U ratios range from 2.9 to 4.6.
Advanced systemic mastocytosis: the impact of KIT mutations in diagnosis, treatment, and progression.

Apart from indolent systemic mastocytosis (SM), which is associated with a favorable prognosis, other subtypes of SM (SM with associated clonal hematologic non–mast cell lineage disease, aggressive SM, and mast cell leukemia – collectively referred to in this review as advanced SM) can be debilitating. The complexity of SM makes both the diagnosis and design of response criteria challenging for clinical studies. The tyrosine kinase KIT has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SM and has been a focal point in the development of targeted therapy. Mutations within various domains of the KIT receptor that lead to constitutive activation have been identified in patients, and those involving the activation loop of the KIT receptor are the mutations most frequently detected in patients with mastocytosis. Aberrant activation of the KIT receptor results in increased production of mast cells in extracutaneous organs that may lead to organ failure or early death. This review discusses the diagnosis and management of patients with advanced SM, including the relevance of KIT in this disease, potential therapies targeting this kinase, and criteria for measuring responses to these therapies.
Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 via Coacervate Improves the Osteogenic Potential of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells

Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from mouse skeletal muscle by a modified preplate technique exhibit long-term proliferation, high self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation capabilities in vitro. MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can differentiate into osteocytes and chondrocytes and enhance bone and articular cartilage repair in vivo, a feature that is not observed with nontransduced MDSCs. These results emphasize that MDSCs require prolonged exposure to BMPs to undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. A sustained BMP protein delivery approach provides a viable and potentially more clinically translatable alternative to genetic manipulation of the cells. A unique growth factor delivery platform comprised of native heparin and a synthetic polycation, poly(ethylene argininylaspartate diglyceride) (PEAD), was used to bind, protect, and sustain the release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Prolonged exposure to BMP2 released by the PEAD:heparin delivery system promoted the differentiation of MDSCs to an osteogenic lineage in vitro and induced the formation of viable bone at an ectopic site in vivo. This new strategy represents an alternative approach for bone repair mediated by MDSCs while bypassing the need for gene therapy.
A comparative analysis of the output measures of local public services

This study examines the robustness of the expenditure levels specification of the local government services. An alternative benefit specification is developed in which the expenditure levels of the education services and public safety provisions are replaced by the "benefits" of these services. Comparison of the regression results of these alternative specifications indicates that the output specification of the local services yields unexpected signs on the coefficients of some of the services. However, the coefficient on the effective tax rate in the output regression is very similar to that in the expenditure one.
Purification and characterization of the recombinant 5 S subunit of transcarboxylase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract Transcarboxylase from Propionibacterium shermanii is a biot in-containing enzyme which catalyzes the reversible transfer of a carboxyl group from methylmalonyl-CoA to pyruvate. It is composed of a central, hexameric 12 S subunit, 6 outer dimeric 5 S subunits which are held in a complex by 12 1.3 S biotinyl subunits. The transcarboxylase reaction requires two partial reactions, one of which is specific to 5 S. The cloning and expression of each of these subunits in Escherichia coli have been reported. We have designed a method for the purification of the 5 S subunit from an E. coli expression system. Protein purified to homogeneity by this method was shown to be active in the 5 S partial reaction, but unable to catalyze the overall transcarboxylase reaction. This protein was characterized as to its ability to form stable dimers, associate with the 1.3 S subunit in stable complexes referred to as 6 S, and assemble whole TC. The latter activity was shown to be lacking. The purified protein has a native molecular weight of 120 kDa and a subunit molecular weight of 60 kDa, consistent with the 5 S dimer. Plasma emission analysis of the metal content of the recombinant protein demonstrated the presence of both Co and Zn, comparable to the authentic protein. Fluorescence analysis verified the ability of the purified protein to bind substrates and 1.3 S subunits appropriately. Sequencing of the amino terminus and determination of the amino acid composition of the recombinant protein relative to that of the authentic subunit further verified the identity of the purified protein. In sum, the recombinant 5 5 subunit was indistinguishable from authentic 5 5 by all criteria except ability to form TC complexes and catalyze the overall reaction.
A Variational Data Assimilation Procedure for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations in Hemodynamics

We propose a data assimilation (DA) technique for including noisy measurements of the velocity field into the simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) driven by hemodynamics applications. The technique is formulated as an inverse problem where we use a Discretize-then-Optimize approach to minimize the misfit between the recovered velocity field and the data, subject to the incompressible NSE. The DA procedure for this nonlinear problem is a combination of two approaches: the Newton method for the NSE and the DA procedure we designed and tested for the linearized problem. We discuss conditions on the location of velocity measurements that guarantee the well-posedness of the minimization process for the linearized problem. Numerical results, with both noise-free and noisy data, certify the theoretical analysis. Moreover, we consider 2D non-trivial geometries and 3D axisymmetric geometries. Also, we study the impact of noise on non-primitive variables of medical interest.
Evaluation on the use of wavelets for estimation of oceanic surface velocity vector fields

This paper presents current results for out method for the estimation of oceanic surface velocity fields using wavelet decomposition of Sea Surface Temperature images (SST) images of the same region taken within a know time interval. Wavelet decompositions are performed on both images to obtain approximations that will be compared for local displacements at various resolution levels. The velocity vector field generated form coarser images is refined by the addition of velocity vector components at more detailed resolution levels. Results of the technique applied to artificial and satellite images are presented.
Rent dissipation and efficient rationalization in for-hire recreational fishing

Abstract Recreational fisheries are increasingly important in fisheries management; for some species, recreational take rivals or exceeds the amount harvested by commercial fishermen. Most recreational fisheries are regulated with gear restrictions, bag limits, and time/area closures, but there is increasing interest in the market-based solutions employed in commercial fisheries — this despite the lack of an adequate bioeconomic theory of the joint commercial/recreational aspects of many recreational fisheries. This paper integrates a detailed production specification with traditional bioeconomic tools in order to better understand the implications of rationalization schemes targeted at the charter sector. While confirming some of the qualitative conclusions of the commercial fisheries literature on open access and regulated open access our model also generates rich and novel predictions with respect to input choices, the number of vessels and congestion externalities. We devise a system of instruments that generate efficient outcomes and extensively discuss issues associated with their real-world implementation.
Planning and Managing the IPTV Service Deployment

The deployment of converged services of TV, telephony, and Internet access over IP entails a significant initial investment for service providers. This investment is not only for the underlying network infrastructure but also for provisioning and managing vast data centers needed to provide sophisticated IP-based TV (IPTV) experience, including multiple camera views, live (broadcast) and on demand programming, etc., to a large number of viewers. Thus the service providers need to carefully plan and manage the IPTV service deployment to maximize the return-on-investment while providing a good quality of experience to the subscribers. In this paper, we develop a methodology to aid service providers to effectively plan for the staggered deployment of IPTV services in this fledgling market. We present the utility of this framework by demonstrating a planning tool developed from this framework.
Hypersegmented Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Summary: Neutrophil hypersegmentation and giant metamyelocytes have been demonstrated in iron-deficiency anaemia in which an associated deficiency of exogenous vitamin B12 or folate has been excluded. In each case treatment with iron returned the lobe average to within the normal range.
Utility of CD-138 negative fraction for chromosome analysis in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias (PCD): a novel approach

Background FISH analysis is superior to chromosome analysis in detecting important prognostic genetic abnormalities in PCD. However, its sensitivity is hampered due to paucity of plasma cells in whole bone marrow and often shows false-negative results when frequency of abnormal cells is below the cut-off values. Studies have shown that the abnormality detection rate in enriched plasma cells (EPC) is greater than unselected plasma cells, but purification techniques are limiting to only FISH when bone marrow volumes are inadequate. The inability to perform chromosome analysis may compromise patient care since chromosome analysis is equally important for detecting non-plasma cell related abnormalities, such as secondary myelodysplastic syndrome. To resolve this critical issue and optimize limited quantity received, we designed a study where an immuno-magnetic CD138 enriched positive selection of plasma cells was used for FISH while the negative selection was used to retrieve the remaining cellular components (RCC) for chromosome analysis. After validating this approach in a pilot study, we implemented this strategy in 2012 for routine clinical diagnosis in patients with PCD. When there was adequate sample volume available, both whole bone marrow and RCC were used for chromosome analysis.
A Computer-Assisted Program for Underserved Families

The Computer-Assisted Program (CAP) Project addresses the needs of educationally underserved families who live in rural or remote areas or who otherwise lack regular access to early intervention programs. The following article describes the components of this model and the use of computer technology to generate individualized child programs and to compile assessment data.
Outcome of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies-positive glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in children: A single-center experience☆☆☆★

Vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) can be accompanied by a focal and necrotizing glomerulonephritis that carries a high morbidity. As many as 60% of reported children with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis progress to end-stage renal disease. Seven children (13.0+/-0.89 years, mean age +/- SEM) with both a focal and necrotizing glomerulonephritis and a positive ANCA titer are described. Presenting symptoms were constitutional (100%) and sinopulmonary (71%); additional renal features included microscopic hematuria (100%), proteinuria (71%), and renal insufficiency (71%). Acute therapy (0 to 2 weeks from diagnosis) included intravenous corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide for all patients. Induction therapy (2 weeks to 6 months from diagnosis) consisted of cyclophosphamide (100%) and daily corticosteroids (86%) for a minimum of 6 months. Maintenance therapy that followed 6 months of induction therapy consisted of alternate day steroids (100%) combined with either oral azathioprine (50%) or oral cyclophosphamide (50%). Long-term follow-up for 48+/-12 months in all seven patients revealed that only one (14%) patient had end-stage renal disease, whereas the remaining patients had microscopic hematuria (100%), proteinuria (50%), and renal insufficiency (33%). These findings suggest that early recognition and aggressive treatment of children with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and vasculitis may result in an improved renal outcome compared with previous reports.
SOME EFFECTS OF OVERCROWDING ON THE RESPIRATION OF LARVAL AEDES AEGYPTI

Changes in the respiratory rates of “standard”, overcrowded, and starved fourth-instar Aedes aegypti are compared. The respiratory effects of varying larval densities during and prior to measurement are investigated. In addition, the results of exposure of standard and overcrowded larvae to growth-retarding factors (GRF) at various concentrations are also evaluated. Resume QUELQUES EFFETS DU SURPEUPLEMENT SUR LA RESPIRATION DE LA LARVE D' AEDES AEGYPTI Le but de cette etude est d‘etudier les modifications de l'activiTE respiratoire chez des larves du 4eme stade mises respectivement en condition d’elevage “standard”, en condition de surpeuplement, et en condition de restriction alimentaire. Les conditions de surpeuplement et de restriction alimentaire entrainent un abaissement significatif du niveau du metabolisme respiratoire. L'activiTE respiratoire des larves elevees en condition standard, prend des valeurs plus elevees quand la mesure est faite sur un plus grand nombre de larves rassemblees dans le tube-test; par contre les conditions de mesure (15, 25 ou 35 larves dans le tube-test) ne modifient pas la valeur de l'activiTE respiratoire des larves elevees en condition de surpeuplement. Quand des larves elevees en milieu surpeuple et en milieu standard sont soumises a de fortes concentrations des facteurs retardant la croissance (Growth-retardant factors; GRF de Moore & Fisher 1969) l'activiTE respiratoire est stimulee, Dans les conditions de surpeuplement et de restriction alimentaire, deux types facteurs pourraient agir sur le metabolisme respiratoire, des facteurs chimiques et des facteurs mecaniques tels que l'agitation des individus dans un espace etroit (par exemple le tube-test).
Performance of Growing Dairy Heifers Fed Diets Containing Soybean Meal or Animal By-Product Meals

Abstract Soybean meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, and two animal by-product blends (A, B) were compared as nitrogen sources for corn silage diets for growing dairy heifers of different ages. Supplement A (62% CP) was a blend of meat and bone, meat, poultry, blood, and feather meals. Supplement B (71% CP) included the same ingredients as A but had a higher amount of blood meal and also a low concentration of fish meal. Holstein heifers were divided into five age groups with initial age of 210, 263, 314, 462, and 524 d in age groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Animals were fed a corn silage-based diet for ad libitum intake. Average intakes and gains (kg/d) were 5.66, 1.10; 6.76, 1.04; 7.45, .93; 8.51, .83; and 8.68, .80 for age groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. No significant interactions among protein meal and age group were found for any measurement. Among protein sources no significant differences in growth, DM intake, or feed efficiency were found. However, the DM intake tended to be lower for heifers fed fish meal diets than for heifers fed other diets.
Influence of Strontium on the Cardiotropic Actions of Rhodochlorin and Ouabain.

SummaryThe effects of calcium, strontium, EDTA, rhodochlorin and ouabain have been evaluated on the isolated spontaneously beating frog heart. Ouabain is capable of eliciting a positive inotropic response in Sr-Ringer's solution, but rhodochlorin is without effect when present in the same solution. Following perfusion with Ca-free Ringer's solution containing EDTA, contractility may be partially restored by perfusing the heart with Ca-Ringer's solution with or without ouabain, but contractility was not restored by supra-normal Sr-Ringer's solution with or without ouabain. Sub-effective concentration of calcium when added to Sr-Ringer's solution containing rhodochlorin also elicited a weak cardiotonic action on the heart. It is suggested that strontium has little or no cardiotonic action of itself but depends upon calcium for its positive inotropic action, and that factors in addition to the facilitation of transmembrane flux of calcium or strontium ions may be important for the cardiotonic action of ouabain.
AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIETNAMESE STEREOTYPE

A survey, administered to 1,580 individuals, concerned: (1) knowledge about the Vietnamese, (2) responsibility toward the Vietnamese, and (3) attitudes toward the Vietnamese. With regard to Part 1, none of the items predicted attitudes; however, in Part 2, three items significantly predicted attitudes. These items seem to relate to a general factor of social concern rather than a sense of responsibility toward the Vietnamese. The attitudinal data (Part 3) indicated a relatively positive attitude toward the Vietnamese much like attitudes toward Chinese and Japanese.
Aluminum structural member component weight as a function of wing loading

Abstract Aluminum wing, empennage and fuselage structural weights are functions of wing loading in commercial and general aviation applications. Component weight data for 61 airplanes were used to develop three relationships: wing weight/reference area as a function of wing loading, empennage weight/reference area as a function of wing loading, and fuselage weight/surface area as a function of wing loading. These relationships can be used for quick estimation of wing, empennage and fuselage weights or checking the reasonability of estimates obtained through other methods. It should be possible to develop similar relationships for military aircraft, though the addition of thrust loading to the functionality may be needed to account for variances in the structural design load factor.
Envisioning a Postmodern Moral Pedagogy

Abstract This paper considers some of the implications of the “postmodern condition” for the practice of moral education in the contemporary world. It argues that an explicitly critical dimension is a key element of the postmodern perspective and suggests that, from such a perspective, most of the efforts to engage in explicit moral education over the past 25 years have fallen short, because instead of pushing toward genuine critique and authentic change they have simply perpetuated the status quo. It proposes, therefore, that a critical postmodern moral pedagogy must address the fundamental inter‐relationship between language and power, and must adopt a dialogical attitude that does not grant exclusive access to power, knowledge and authority to the teacher, but instead seeks ways in which teachers and students can engage in genuine dialogue and mutual exchange.
InGaN/GaN nanorod and nanosheet arrays for InGaN-based LEDs

GaN nanorods have drawn attention as possible crystalline structures on which to form InGaN active regions for LEDs, making use of the m-planes that form the sidewalls of the rods. In this paper, we describe such nanorods as well as nanosheets with increased m-plane surface area formed on c-plane sapphire. Non polar crystalline planes on nanorods and nanosheets are expected to lead to more efficient LEDs by enabling the formation of higher efficiency nonpolar active regions in three dimensional structures. The potential for increased efficiency derives from the reduction of quantum well band structure distortion that results from their formation on non-polar planes as well as the increase in the junction active area per chip by the inherent three dimensional nature of the nanostructures. Three dimensional active areas that are an order of magnitude greater than the chip area will reduce the current density at a given drive current and reduce the effects of efficiency “droop”. This increase is expected to add to efficiency improvements that derive from quantum wells on non-polar planes.
Ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus plantarum.

Abstract The partial purification of a ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014) is described. The enzyme has been shown to catalyze the reaction
Experimental factors affecting in vitro absorption of six model compounds across porcine skin.

Abstract This comparative study evaluated the effect of several experimental variables on the absorption of six model [14C]-labeled compounds (caffeine, cortisone, diclofenac sodium, mannitol, salicylic acid, and testosterone) through porcine skin. Using static and flow-through diffusion cells, finite or infinite, saturated or unsaturated doses were applied in one of three vehicles: propylene glycol, water, and ethanol following a full factorial experimental design. The flux of each compound into the receptor phase, with or without bovine serum albumin (BSA), was monitored over 24 h. Levels of radioactivity were also determined in the stratum corneum by tape stripping and in the remaining skin. Apparent permeability coefficients (Kp) and dose absorbed were calculated and compared. The overall results emphasize the importance of experimental design and confirm previous findings that identified dose volume, saturation level and vehicle as the main sources of variation in the in vitro assessment of dermal absorption, whilst diffusion cell model and the presence/absence of BSA in the receptor phase had minimal effect. Although the acquired data do not directly reveal new mechanistic information on dermal absorption, the unique and complete study design has provided a suitable data source for the development of dermal absorption prediction models.