cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Capacity of Green Oilseeds to Utilize Photosynthesis to Drive Biosynthetic Processes

Seeds of many plant species are green during embryogenesis. To directly assess the influence of light on the physiological status of green oilseeds in planta, Brassica napus and soybean (Glycine max) seeds were rapidly dissected from plants growing in the light or dark. The activation state of malate dehydrogenase, which reflects reduced thioredoxin and NADP/NADPH ratios, was found to be as high in seeds exposed to light as in leaves and to decrease in the dark. Rubisco was highly activated (carbamylated) in both light and dark, most likely reflecting high seed CO2 concentrations. Activities of Rubisco and phosphoribulokinase were sufficient to account for significant refixation of CO2 produced during B. napus oil biosynthesis. To determine the influence of light on oil synthesis in planta, siliques on intact plants in full sunlight or detached siliques fed 3H2O were partly covered with aluminum foil. Seeds from light and dark sections were analyzed, and fatty acid accumulation was found to be higher in seeds exposed to light than seeds from dark sections. The spectrum of light filtering through silique walls and the pigment composition of developing B. napus embryos were determined. In addition to a low chlorophyll a/b ratio, the carotenoid pigments of seeds can provide additional capture of the green light that filters through siliques. Together, these results demonstrate that even the low level of light reaching seeds plays a substantial role in activating light-regulated enzymes, increasing fatty acid synthesis, and potentially powering refixation of CO2.
Submicrosecond surface-induced dissociation of peptide ions in a MALDI TOF MS.

Surface-induced dissociation (SID) has been implemented in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometer (MALDI TOF MS), allowing production of tandem mass spectrometric information for peptide ions (MALDI TOF SID TOF). The instrument retains the standard operational modes such as the reflectron monitoring of the MALDI-generated intact ions and postsource decay. We show through ion trajectory simulations and experimental results that implementing SID in a commercial MALDI TOF spectrometer is feasible and that the SID products in this instrument fall in an observation time frame that allows the specific detection of fast-fragmentation channels. The instrument design, pulse timing sequence, and high-voltage electronics together with SID spectra of MALDI-generated peptide ions are presented. Standard peptides such as YGGFLR, angiotensin III, fibrinopeptide A, and des-Arg 1 -bradykinin were dissociated by means of hyperthermal collisions with a gold surface coated with a self-assembled monolayer of 2-(perfluorodecyl)ethanethiol. With the extraction fields and the short observation times used, the spectra obtained show intense low-mass ion signals such as immonium, b 2 ,b 3, and y2 ions. TOF data analysis involved matching simulated and experimental flight times and indicates that the observed fragments are produced at 250 ns after the precursor ion collides with the surface. This submicrosecond gas-phase fragmentation time frame is complementary to the observation time frame of existing SID spectrometers, which are on the order of 10 Is for tandem quadrupoles and are larger than a few milliseconds for SID implemented in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometers.
Taxonomy of increasingly complex systems

Systems engineers are responsible for systems ranging from the very simple to the extremely complex. The various types of systems create a need for differentiation of properties and identification using some common nomenclature. While other system taxonomies exist, we propose a unique classification mechanism which utilises a finite set of characteristics. Welldefined attributes provide a basis to develop unambiguous mathematical descriptions in future work. Application of the classification scheme will help employ the appropriate systems engineering methodology to systems in development.
A computational and experimental study of natural convection and surface/gas radiation interactions in a square cavity

Interactions of natural convection and surface/gas radiation in a nongray gas filled square cavity are investigated in the present paper, both computationally and experimentally. A schematic of the cross sectional view of the cavity is depicted. The cavity is heated from the isothermal side wall located at x = H, which is maintained at a temperature of T{sub H}, and cooled from the opposing side wall with a temperature of {Tc} located at x = 0. All the interior surfaces are assumed to be nonslip and radiatively black for the computations. Various thermal boundary conditions are specified for the horizontal walls. Carbon dioxide gas is considered as the medium. The overheat ratio {delta} (defined as T{sub H} {minus} {Tc})/T{sub o}, where T{sub o} is the reference film temperature, ({Tc} + T{sub H})/2 has been limited to small values ({delta} < 0.2) in the experimental study of natural convection-radiation interactions in the past (Kurosaki et al., 1982). In the present investigation, significantly higher values of {delta} are used in the computations and experiments.
The Relationship Between Dysphagia, Pump Function, and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressures on High-Resolution Manometry

Study objective was to compare high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) findings between patients with and without dysphagia. After Institutional Review Board approval, a prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent HRIM. Patients without upper endoscopy within 7 days of manometry, patients with achalasia, history of previous foregut surgery, esophageal strictures, or a large hiatus hernia were excluded. A new parameter called lower esophageal sphincter pressure integral (LESPI) was compared between patients with and without dysphagia. For subanalysis, subjects were categorized: (a) group A: no dysphagia and 400 mmHg s cm, and (c) DCI >3,000 mmHg s cm. However, 32% of patients with <60% hypocontractile or absent waves (group B) had dysphagia. These patients had a significantly higher DCI and LESPI than group A. Group C had a significantly lower DCI than all other patients. Dysphagia in patients with ≥60% hypocontractile or absent waves is indicative of an intrinsic pump failure as they have low DCI, while dysphagia in patients with <60% hypocontractile or absent waves is more indicative of significant outflow obstruction as they have high LESPI and integrated relaxation pressure.
Nosocomial colonization with kanamycin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, types 2 and 11, in a premature nursery.

The finding of identical serotypes of kanamycin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the blood of 6 infants in a premature nursery stimulated an epidemiological investigation. Of 40 infants admitted consecutively to the nursery, 36 (90 per cent) became gastrointestinal-tract carriers of kanamcin-resistant K. pneumoniae , types 2 and 11. Colonization occurred within an average of 4 days of admission, but disease due to this organism was not documented. Quantitative stool cultures demonstrated the presence of many klebsiellae at the onset of colonization and as late as 18 days after acquisition. K. pneumoniae was not isolated from infants in another nursery. No single common source of the organism other than the infant population was demonstrated. Transmission of K. pneumoniae from infant to infant most likely occurred via hands of personnel. Control methods were directed at preventing transmission by contaminated hands. It was not necessary to curtail the use of kanamycin.
Model undergraduate integrated optics laboratory

This paper describes recent efforts at developing a low cost undergraduate laboratory demonstrating current technologies used in integrated optics. The lab was targeted at undergraduate seniors to acquaint them with the role of integrated optics in the communications industry. This project examined two different types of integrated optical devices (1) glass waveguide devices using ion-exchange technique, and (2) polymer devices. Both device types can be implemented using equipment and materials already available in a standard university integrated circuit (IC) fabrication facility. The results of this project identify the polymer fabrication technology as best suited for the average environment found in undergraduate laboratories.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for an active missile:

A hardware-in-the-loop simulation has been developed to eval uate the performance of active missiles from prelaunch to inter cept. The facility is used for system integration, design verifica tion,...
Free surface water wave 1-D LBGK predictions

The performance of a single phase free surface lattice Boltzmann (LB) solver is investigated. The lattice-BGK (LBGK) model explores the free surface behavior with a focus on non-overturning water waves. The discretized equations are based on shallow water wave theory in viscous flow. Therefore, only flows with horizontal velocity dominating free surface waves is applicable. The solutions on uniform grids implement an elastic-collision scheme assuming slip boundaries at the tank walls. Simulations are carried out in horizontal base-excited square tanks. The forcing amplitude and the tank aspect ratios of are kept constant while the forcing frequency is varied off- and near resonance. At this water depth, the free surface was observed to slosh in a first sway mode initially; however, the following cycles would typically consist of traveling waves or bores. The flow typically remained 1-D in resonance cases except at the bore front and near the walls. The LB experiments are limited to flow simulations of wea...
Microbiology of feces of the larval honey bee, Apis mellifera

Abstract Methods for collection and microbiological examination of feces of larval honey bees, Apis mellifera , are described. Feces collected on sterile agar were inoculated onto selective media, some of which were acidified to approximate more closely the p H of larval food and the larval gut. A total of 104 microbial isolates were obtained from fecal collections of 20 larvae, although the feces of 4 of these larvae contained no detectable microbes. Microorganisms isolated in order of frequency were Bacillus spp., Gram-variable pleomorphic bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice? ), molds (primarily Penicillia), actinomycetes, Gram-negative bacterial rods, and yeasts. It appears that larvae can become inoculated with microorganisms which are found in adult bees and pollen from ingestion of contaminated food. However, evidence for a constant symbiotic microflora which could contribute significant amounts of biochemicals to larvae is lacking.
Marrow Fat and Bone: Review of Clinical Findings

With growing interest in the connection between fat and bone, there has been increased investigation of the relationship with marrow fat in particular. Clinical research has been facilitated by the development of non-invasive methods to measure bone marrow fat content and composition. Studies in different populations using different measurement techniques have established that higher marrow fat is associated with lower bone density and prevalent vertebral fracture. The degree of unsaturation in marrow fat may also affect bone health. Although other fat depots tend to be strongly correlated, marrow fat has a distinct pattern, suggesting separate mechanisms of control. Longitudinal studies are limited, but are crucial to understand the direct and indirect roles of marrow fat as an influence on skeletal health.
X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Reflection Properties from 500 X Units to Nine X Units of Unstressed and of Bent Quartz Plates for Use in the Two-Meter Curved-Crystal Focusing Gamma-Ray Spectrometer

The x-ray and gamma-ray reflection properties of the (310) planes of quartz have been investigated over the wave-length range 500 to 9 x.u. for the Laue or transmission case. The plates were inhomogeneously stressed by bending to a cylinder with a radius of 200 cm. The value of the integrated reflection coefficient was deduced from the luminosity properties of the curved-crystal spectrometer for seven different wavelengths. The data indicate that the integrated reflection coefficient ${R}_{\ensuremath{\theta}}$ for a bent crystal varies as ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}$ over the range of wave-lengths studied. This behavior is in accord with that of a mosaic crystal. The reflection properties of the (310) planes of an unstressed crystal plate cut from the same sample were measured over the range 700 to 120 x.u. by the two-crystal spectrometer technique. These results indicate that the unstressed quartz plates behave more nearly as perfect crystals. Data are given on the integrated reflection coefficient, the peak value of Laue reflection coefficient, and the width at half-maximum of the diffraction curve for the unstressed case.
Evidence and Causes of Emotion

Our hypotheses regarding occurrences which have no 'mental' features are easy to formulate so that (I) is satisfied. Has damp air made this iron skillet rust? We could have evidence of rusting which is not evidence of damp air. Tougher examples will be considered shortly. As for objectdirected emotions, such as fear that it will snow, I argued that any grounds you have for supposing a person to be in a given affective state necessarily count as grounds for supposing he is in a cognitive state which is focussed on the same intentional object. By way of elucidating (I), Carter introduces a non-technical, narrativereport sense of the term 'description', and rephrases (I) as
Obligate Nasal Breathing in an Elderly Woman: Increased Risk of Nasogastric Tube Feeding

The initiation of oronasal breathing when the nasal pathway becomes obstructed requires a complex interaction of neuromuscular responses which are normally present in all but very young infants. We describe an elderly lady who developed respiratory failure partially due to an inability to initiate oral breathing when her nasopharynx was compromised by a nasogastric tube. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition12:531-532, 1988)
FT-IR spectra of all sixteen isomers of retinal, their isolation, and other spectroscopic properties.

Abstract The FT-IR spectra of all sixteen isomers of retinal, their synthesis completed only recently, are reported. Characteristic trends of the polycis isomers (in C,C, double bond, single bond and HOOP band regions) are discussed and compared with those of the mono-cis isomers. The 7-cis and 7,9-dicis isomers of three deuterioretinals (7D, 19,19,19,-D3, and 8,19,19,19-D4) have been prepared, confirming some of vibrational assignments. Conditions for purification of these isomers and other spectroscopic properties (1H-NMR, UV/VIS) are also provided.
On the hunt for helminths: Innate immune cells in the recognition and response to helminth parasites

The generation of protective immunity to helminth parasites is critically dependent upon the development of a CD4(+) T helper type 2 cytokine response. However, the host-parasite interactions responsible for initiating this response are poorly understood. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of how helminth-derived products are recognized by innate immune cells. Specifically, interactions between helminth excretory/secretory products and host Toll-like receptors and lectins will be discussed as well as the putative functions of helminth proteases and chitin in activating and recruiting innate immune cells. In addition, the functional significance of pattern recognition by epithelial cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages including expression of alarmins, thymic stromal lymphopoetin, interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and Notch ligands in the development of adaptive anti-parasite Th2 cytokine responses will be examined.
Children with autism can acquire intraverbals, but maintenance and generalization are poor1

1Abstracted from: Goldsmith T. R. Leblanc L. A. & Sautter R. A. (2007). Teaching intraverbal behavior to children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 1–13. Source of funding: no external funding. Source of funding: None reported.
Whole body protein turnover, studied with 15N-glycine, and muscle protein breakdown in mildly obese subjects during a protein-sparing diet and a brief total fast.

A modification of the Picou and Taylor-Roberts Model was used to estimate rates of total body protein synthesis (S), breakdown (C), and amino nitrogen (N) flux (Q) in the metabolic N pool of five obese females. The subjects were fed egg white albumin at 1.5/kg ideal body weight (IBW) and total calories at 1.2 times the basal energy expenditure (fat:carbohydrate = 30%:50%) as a formula diet (period 1, 1 wk). This was followed by 3 wk during which the nonprotein calories were omitted (period 2, protein-sparing modified fast [PSMF]) and a 1-wk total fast (period 3). Estimates of body protein turnover and skeletal protein breakdown were made during the last 60 and 48 hr, respectively, of each period. Q, S, and C were 223 ± 22, 154 ± 22, and 150 ± 22 g protein24 hr, respectively, for period 1. These values were unchanged at the end of period 2. Total fasting decreased Q and S by 36% and 27%, respectively (p < 0.001), but C remained unchanged. Skeletal protein breakdown, as estimated by urinary Nτ-methylhistidine excretion, was 108 ± 47 μmole in period 1, 79 ± 51 μmole in period 2 (p < 0.01), and 100 ± 49 μmole in period 3, representing 16 ± 5%, 12 ± 5% (p < 0.01), and 16 ± 4% of whole body breakdown. N balance was unchanged in period 1 (−0.4 ± 1.2 g N) and the final week of period 2 (−0.4 ± 1.5 g N), but was −5.8 ± 0.6 g N in period 3. These data indicate that weight reduction with a PSMF is associated with a maintenance of total body protein turnover parameters and N balance but a reduction in skeletal protein breakdown, whereas a total fast causes a marked reduction in whole body protein synthesis and amino N flux with little change in the rate of total body and skeletal protein breakdown, resulting in a negative N balance. The minimization of N losses that develops after prolonged starvation is achieved at rates of whole body and skeletal protein breakdown similar to those found when the diet is adequate, suggesting that endogenous fat-derived fuels are as effective as exogenous energy in limiting protein catabolism. However, protein intake is necessary to maintain whole body protein synthesis under these conditions.
Immunogenetic aspects of human thyroglobulin-reactive T cell lines and hybridomas.

SUMMARY The in vitro proliferative response of T cells primed with human thyroglobulin (Tg) was compared in 11 independent haplotypes on B10 background. B10.K and B10.S mice were the most responsive, whereas, with the exception of B10.PL (H-2u, all other B10 congenics were intermediate responders. The two best responders to in vitro challenge with human Tg, of the k and s haplotype, are the same as those showing H-2-linked susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with mouse Tg. Since shared epitopes on human and mouse Tgs have been shown to be thyroiditogenic by adoptive transfer studies in CBA (H-2k) mice, the findings indicate that shared epitopes may be studied in appropriate (i.e. EAT-susceptible) strains of mice. Therefore, we proceeded to develop methods to produce T-cell lines and hybridomas to human Tg in B10.K and B10.S mice, test their cross-reactivity to heterologous Tgs and their Ia restriction patterns. By using antigen-presenting cells from recombinant strains, we identified restriction elements encoded by the I-A subregion alone and a combinatorial molecule from the I-AI/I-E subregions.
On a class of linear differential games

Saddlepoint strategies are deduced for a class of linear, single-input differential games. Conditions necessary for a saddle-point, as well as sufficient conditions, are discussed. The results are illustrated with a simple example. For the case of one control subject to a norm bound and the other to a quadratic penalty, the results are extended to the vector case and applied to the stabilization of a system subject to norm-bounded input disturbance.
Evidence that Robots Trigger a Cheating Detector in Humans

Short et al. [10] found that in a game between a human participant and a humanoid robot, the participant will perceive the robot as being more agentic and as having more intentionality if it cheats than if it plays without cheating. However, in that design, the robot that actively cheated also generated more motion than the other conditions. In this paper, we investigate whether the additional movement of the cheating gesture is responsible for the increased agency and intentionality or whether the act of cheating itself triggers this response. In a between-participant design with 83 participants, we disambiguate between these causes by testing (1) the cases of the robot cheating to win, (2) cheating to lose, (3) cheating to tie from a winning position, and (4) cheating to tie from a losing position. Despite the fact that the robot changes its gesture to cheat in all four conditions, we find that participants are more likely to report the gesture change when the robot cheated to win from a losing position, compared with the other conditions. Participants in that same condition are also far more likely to protest in the form of an utterance following the cheat and report that the robot is less fair and honest. It is therefore the adversarial cheat itself that causes the effect and not the change in gesture, providing evidence for a cheating detector that can be triggered by robots.
Near side, far side, uphill, downhill : Impact of bus stop location on bus delay

One of the factors affecting where bus stops should be located is the expected delay associated with the stop location. On hills, the effect of gravity on already weak diesel engines can lead to considerable additional delay if a bus has to accelerate from a stop. An empirical bus acceleration profile, modified to account for gravity, was applied to constant grade, sag curve, and crest curve profiles. The marginal impact of grade on stopping delay ranged from -4 to 11 s, depending on grade. At signalized intersections, a deterministic model was created that accounted for deceleration, acceleration, and queue interference. Relative to a stop placed away from an intersection, far-side stop placement either causes a very small reduction in delay or has no effect. Near-side placement can reduce delay in a few cases such as reserved bus lanes, but more often it increases delay, sometimes considerably depending on factors such as red ratio, volume:capacity ratio, cycle length, and stop setback. Measures that re...
Is a Critical Sociology Possible: Alvin Gouldner and the “Dark Side of the Dialectic”*

Alvin Gouldner's oeuvre is examined in terms of its confrontation with and critical appropriation of both empirical social research and Marxism. Traversing an enormous range of diverse topics-the sociology of knowledge; industrial sociology; problems of bureaucracy and democracy; studies in leadership; the role of intellectuals and ideologies; sociolinguistics; functionalism, Marxism, Stalinism, and anarchism; and studies of Plato, Saint-Simon, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Parsons-Gouldner's work retains a basic thematic focus. This work is neither a harmonious synthesis of these various topics nor does it remain totally consistent with any topic taken individually. Nonetheless there is a thematic continuity underlying the creative tensions and contradictions in his work. This continuity is identified as the classical political and historical mission of social theory; namely, the Enlightenment quest for rational discourse and the establishment of the social conditions for a truly humane society.
Coastal Boundary Conditions and the Baroclinic Structure of Wind-Driven Continental Shelf Currents*

Abstract The generation of continental shelf currents by wind forcing is investigated by analytical and numerical methods. The investigation is motivated by observations from the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment. A central assumption is that the vertical structure of the response over the inshore half of the shelf is controlled by the vertical distribution of the turbulent stress. This suggests a two-layer model of the wind-driven circulation, in which the upper layer represents a surface wind-mixed layer, and the lower layer represents the remainder of the fluid. The response of this idealized dynamical model to wind forcing is examined and compared with observations in the 2–7-day period band. For the alongshore velocity gain relative to local wind stress, an onshore surface maximum and an offshore interior maximum are robustly reproduced by the model. These features are evidently related to a dynamical transition over the inner half of the shelf, in which the alongshore wind stress is balanced more by...
Diagnosis of the Three-Dimensional Circulation in Mesoscale Features with Large Rossby Number

Several diagnoses of three-dimensional circulation, using density and velocity data from a high-resolution, upper-ocean SeaSoar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) survey of a cyclonic jet meander and adjacent cyclonic eddy containing high Rossby number flow, are compared. The Q-vector form of the quasigeostrophic omega equation, two omega equations derived from iterated geostrophic intermediate models, an omega equation derived from the balance equations, and a vertical velocity diagnostic using a primitive equation model in conjunction with digital filtering are used to diagnose vertical and horizontal velocity fields. The results demonstrate the importance of the gradient wind balance in flow with strong curvature (high Rossby number). Horizontal velocities diagnosed from the intermediate models (the iterated geostrophic models and the balance equations), which include dynamics between those of quasigeostrophy and the primitive equations, are significantly reduced (enhanced) in comparison with the geostrophic velocities in regions of strong cyclonic (anticyclonic) curvature, consistent with gradient wind balance. The intermediate model relative vorticity fields are functionally related to the geostrophic relative vorticity field; anticyclonic vorticity is enhanced and cyclonic vorticity is reduced. The iterated geostrophic, balance equation and quasigeostrophic vertical velocity fields are similar in spatial pattern and scale, but the iterated geostrophic (and, to a lesser degree, the balance equation) vertical velocity is reduced in amplitude compared with the quasigeostrophic vertical velocity. This reduction is consistent with gradient wind balance, and is due to a reduction in the forcing of the omega equation through the geostrophic advection of ageostrophic relative vorticity. The vertical velocity diagnosed using a primitive equation model and a digital filtering technique also exhibits reduced magnitude in comparison with the quasigeostrophic field. A method to diagnose the gradient wind from a given dynamic height field has been developed. This technique is useful for the analysis of horizontal velocity in the presence of strong flow curvature. Observations of the nondivergent ageostrophic velocity field measured by the ADCP compare closely with the diagnosed gradient wind ageostrophic velocity.
Availability of elements in leaded/unleaded automobile exhausts, a leaded paint, a soil, and some mixtures

The availabilities of elements in some dust proximal sources of urban pollution were investigated. The sources were: leaded and unleaded automobile exhaust; leaded dry paint; one soil; and mixtures that included the leaded exhaust as a common component. A miniaturized modified Tessier et al. leaching scheme was developed that showed little redistribution of the most available elements. Mn, Pb, S, and Sb were the most readily available in both the leaded and unleaded exhaust; C and Pb in the paint; and Mn and S in the soil. The available elements for the leaded exhaust predominated in its mixtures with evidence of redistributions for the three-component mixture. The environmental pollution (EP) toxicity procedure with five leachings was shown to be approximately equivalent to adding the water-soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, iron/manganese oxide, and part of the organic fractions. Simulated acid rainwater leached elements up to the iron/manganese oxide fraction. The results have application to storm runoff and acid rain leaching of dusts, aerosols, wastes, and soils.
Perceived influences on implementing data warehousing

This study surveyed data warehousing implementation project participants to determine what aspects they perceived should contribute to the implementation process. The respondents included: functional managers/staff, IS managers/staff, and consultants. The study identified eight significant factors that participants perceived should impact data warehouse implementation.
A Bridge for postpartum women to Standard Days Method®: II. Efficacy study

Abstract Background In a companion article, we described the development of a new fertility-awareness-based Bridge for postpartum women starting with their first postpartum menses and until they are eligible to use the Standard Days Method®. This article presents the results of an efficacy trial to test the Bridge. Study Design This was a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study following 157 women for up to 9 months. Participants were aged 18–39 years, had menstruated at least once since their baby was born, and wished to avoid or delay pregnancy using a fertility-awareness-based approach. Acceptability and correct use were examined. Life table pregnancy rates were calculated to assess method effectiveness. Results The typical-use failure rate is 11.2 for 6 months of Bridge use. Conclusion The Bridge can offer significant protection from pregnancy for postpartum women who prefer using a fertility-awareness-based approach to avoiding pregnancy but are not yet eligible to use the Standard Days Method. Counseling should emphasize the importance of following the Bridge guidelines for it to be effective.
M-logA Observations for Recent Large Earthquakes

Abstract Using a magnitude ( M )-log area ( A ) dataset augmented with seven large ( M >7.0) earthquakes occurring since Wells and Coppersmith (1994), this short note assesses the current validity of the bilinear M -log A relations for continental, strike-slip earthquakes proposed by Hanks and Bakun (2002), in particular the L -model scaling at M >7. The relations determined by Hanks and Bakun (2002) are only insignificantly altered, leaving these bilinear M -log A relations as valid now as when first proposed.
Ecology of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) at sewage-treatment facilities in the San Joaquin Valley, California.

Abstract The western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) has lost most of its habitat in the Central Valley of California to agricultural activities, flood control, and urbanization. Although a few areas still support this turtle, most habitats are now altered by humans. Aquatic habitats near population centers also may become release sites for a variety of introduced turtles, which could compete with the native A. marmorata. In 1999, 2002, and 2007, I trapped at the Fresno and Hanford wastewater-treatment facilities to determine presence and numbers of A. marmorata at settling ponds in these facilities. I caught 213 A. marmorata at Fresno and 106 at Hanford. No other species of turtles was caught. Turtles at both sites grew rapidly and had a mean size of clutch of 8.2 (Fresno) and 8.5 eggs (Hanford), which are the highest mean size of clutch reported for this species. Although not esthetically appealing to people, both sewage-treatment facilities provide habitat for A. marmorata and these could provide sto...
Design and Management of Curtailable Electricity Service to Reduce Annual Peaks

Curtailable electricity service is a voluntary option in which customers receive credits for permitting the utility a certain number of discretionary interruptions per year. This paper describes a methodology that allows an electric utility to design and manage these service offerings to achieve maximal peak load reduction. This methodology was developed in a project jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute EPRI and New England Electric Service NEES. A spreadsheet decision support tool was developed for and used by the NEES system dispatcher, who must decide on a daily basis, when to call for an interruption. The methodology also provides guidelines for designing new service offerings, by determining the service attributes and corresponding pricing that will lead to the most efficient use of customer interruptions. Simulated application of the spreadsheet model to NEES's historical loads indicated that significant cost savings can be achieved during years with high daily peak loads. Although the methodology was developed for NEES, it can be applied at other electric utilities, including those who use curtailable service offerings to reduce peak energy costs or to improve tight reserve margins.
Chemosensitivity assay in mice prostate tumor: Preliminary report of flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, ion ratiometric methods of anti-neoplastic drug monitoring.

Flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, ion ratiomateric analysis and NMR peaks characterized drug chemosensitivity of antineoplastic drugs. Hypotheses were: 1. The chemosensitive effect of different cancer cell lines is characteristic; 2. DNA fragmentation, ion ratiometric analysis suggest apoptosis status of tumor cells. PC-3 cell lines were compared with DU-145, LNCaP cell lines in culture for the [Na]i and [Ca]i ion sensing dyes, cell death, NMR peaks and apoptosis staining for chemotherapeutic action of different drugs. DNA fragmentation, ratiometric ions and fluorescence endlabelling plots were characteristic for cell lines and drug response. 31P-23Na NMR spectra showed characteristic high phospho-choline and sodium peaks. Flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, ion ratiometric methods and NMR peaks indicated apoptosis and offered in vivo drug monitoring method.
Multi-resolution time-domain and level-set techniques for multi-domain/multi-physics/multi-phase simulations

In this paper, we present various techniques for the modeling of multi-domain/multi-physics and multi-phase high-frequency problems. The deployment of Multiresolution time-domain principles and of level-set based multi-phase simulation leads to a new generation of computationally efficient tools that could potentially bridge the gap between Maxwell, solid-state and solid/liquid-interface equations. Numerous examples of microelectromechanical, carbon-nanotube and liquid electronics will be presented at the conference verifying the potential of the above approaches.
Potential--and potential pitfalls--of screening newborns for critical congenital heart disease.

Before discharge from a newborn nursery, most US infants undergo screening for a diverse list of medical conditions. This article considers the issues around screening newborns for congenital heart disease.
Management of Infections Associated with Soft Contact Lens

This study suggests that there is a higher incidence of infectious corneal ulcers with soft contact lenses than with hard contact lenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly identified organism associated with soft contact lens corneal ulcers. Early and aggressive management can improve the prognosis of this disease. A plan of therapy and management is recommended and discussed.
Comparison of Medium, Temperature, and Length of Incubation for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

ABSTRACT Campylobacter (Campy; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD), Spectra VRE (Remel, Lenexa, KS), and bile-esculin-azide-vancomycin (BEAV; Remel) agars were compared for their ability to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in 750 stool specimens. The media were compared at 24 h and 48 h of incubation at 35°C and 42°C. When incubated for 24 h at 35°C, Campy was the most sensitive (97.8%) and specific (99.9%) but was comparable to Spectra, which has a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 99.1%, whereas BEAV was significantly less sensitive (90%) and specific (96.1%). Incubation at 42°C or extended incubation at 35°C for 48 h yielded no advantage over incubation at 35°C for 24 h.
Use of activated recombinant factor VII for severe coagulopathy post ventricular assist device or orthotopic heart transplant

Background Ventricular assist devices(VAD) implantation/removal is a complex surgical procedure with perioperative bleeding complications occurring in nearly half of the cases. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been used off-label to control severe hemorrhage in surgery and trauma. We report here our experience with rFVIIa as a rescue therapy to achieve hemostasis in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) and/or VAD implantation.
Lymph node evaluation for treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

Abstract Background Increased lymph node evaluation has been associated with improved survival rates in patients with pancreatic cancer. We sought to evaluate the trends and factors associated with lymph node examination over time and the effects on survival. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we conducted an analysis of adults with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who underwent surgical resection. Using the Cochrane Armitage test for trend and logistic regression we identified factors associated with lymph node evaluation. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to examine survival. Results We identified 4831 patients who underwent surgical resection from 1990 to 2010. The proportion of patients with 15 or more lymph nodes evaluated increased from 16% to 42% (p Conclusion We observed a significant increase in the number of lymph nodes evaluated with pancreas cancer resection over time. Lymph node evaluation was significantly associated with patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Our results suggest that adequate lymph node evaluation is associated with improved survival.
Optical coherence tomography to detect and manage retinal disease and glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To review basic principles of optical coherence tomography, and to describe its use in the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases and glaucoma. Design Perspective. Methods Literature review. Results Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive imaging technique that has been used increasingly to diagnose and manage a variety of retinal diseases and glaucoma. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is based on the principal of Michelson interferometry. Interference patterns produced by low coherence light reflected from retinal tissues and a reference mirror are processed into an “A-scan” signal. Multiple A-scan signals are aligned to produce a two-dimensional image that can be thought of as a form of “in vivo histology.” Optical coherence tomography has been used to identify macular holes, to differentiate macular holes from simulating lesions, to identify lamellar macular holes, macular cysts, vitreomacular traction, subretinal fluid, pigment epithelial detachment, and choroidal neovascularization. It can be used to identify and quantify macular edema, and to measure retinal thickness changes in response to therapy. Macular thickness measurements determined by OCT correlate well with visual acuity and with leakage observed by fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography is an accurate and reproducible method to measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Particularly, when used in combination with other optic nerve imaging techniques, it can be used to differentiate glaucomatous eyes from normal eyes. Despite its usefulness, OCT has its limitations. Optical coherence tomography equipment is expensive, and not all insurance companies reimburse this procedure. Image quality is dependent on operator technique and can be degraded in the presence of media opacity. Change analysis software for glaucoma applications is not fully developed, and there is a scarcity of age, gender, and race-specific normative data upon which to compare eyes with retinal disease and glaucoma. In the next few years, it is likely that the role of OCT as a method to diagnose and manage retinal disease and glaucoma will be further defined, and many of the current limitations will be overcome. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography is a useful imaging technique to diagnose and manage a variety of retinal diseases and glaucoma. Care is needed to avoid artifacts and image misinterpretation.
Double sided flexible carrier with discretes and thermally enhanced FCA/COF

This paper describes an electronic assembly that uses SMT components, wire bonded chips as well as area array chips attached to a flexible carrier. The wire bond chip is reworkable until encapsulation. Heat spreaders are attached to flip chips and wire bond chips with thermally conductive adhesives. Volume constraints imposed by a system design can he satisfied by populating both sides of a flexible carrier with components. Potential cost savings and reliability gains are possible with this electronic assembly design. A single flexible carrier with chips can replace multiple printed circuit cards and two levels of interconnection. >
Vacuum Arc Anode Phenomena

This paper briefly reviews anode phenomena in vacuum arcs, specially experimental work. It discusses, in succession, arc modes at the anode, anode temperature measurements, anode ions, transitions of the arc into various modes (principally the anode spot mode), and theoretical explanations of anode phenomena. The two most common anode modes in a vacuum arc are a low current mode where the anode is basically passive, acting only as a collector of particles emitted from the cathode, and a high current mode with a fully developed anode spot. Characteristically this anode spot has a temperature near the atmospheric boiling point of the anode material and is a copious source of vapor and energetic ions. However, other anode modes can exist. A low current vacuum arc with electrodes of readily sputterable material may emit a flux of sputtered atoms from the anode. Usually this sputtered flux will have little effect upon the vacuum arc, but in certain circumstances it could be significant. A vacuum arc doesn't always transfer directly from a low current mode to the anode spot mode. In appropriate experimental conditions, formation of an anode spot may be preceded by the formation of an anode footpoint. This footpoint is luminous, but much cooler than a true anode spot. Finally, (again in appropriate circumstances) several small anode spots may form instead of one large anode spot. With sufficient increase in arc current or arcing time these will usually combine to form a single large active spot.
Did the Recent Financial Crisis Impact Integration between the Real Estate and Stock Markets

We examine linkages between the real estate market and the stock market before and after the delisting of Lehman Brothers to determine if the recent financial crisis had an effect on the degree of ...
Anticipating the New Woman figure through subversions of feminine identity: Rhoda Broughton, Ouida, and female sexuality

Rhoda Broughton’s Cometh Up as a Flower and Ouida’s (Marie Louise Rame) Moths were highly popular in the Victorian period, but have fallen from the favor of readers and critics over the course of the twentieth century. Of note is each author’s overt discussion of the topic of female sexuality, the very treatment of which challenges traditional Victorian standards of morality. In looking at these books, I assess their representations of the ways in which Victorian societal strictures—particularly in categorizing and objectifying women—interfered with the formation of female sexuality and female identity. While Broughton and Ouida do not discuss female identity in quite the same manner, they both address concerns about the commodification of the female body, especially as this occurs within the marriage market. In turn, while these authors would not necessarily have considered themselves feminists, their books discuss questions of primary interest to New Woman feminist advocates at the fin-de-siecle. Issues surrounding female subjection are at the core of New Woman advocacy, and for this reason I see Cometh Up as a Flower and Moths as precursors to the New Woman novel that emerged near the end of the Victorian period. Ultimately, I view these works by Broughton and Ouida as bridging the gap from mid-century Victorian women’s literature to the literature of the fin-de-siecle, thus making it possible for New Woman fiction to evolve.
ConfChem Conference on Flipped Classroom: Reclaiming Face Time—How an Organic Chemistry Flipped Classroom Provided Access to Increased Guided Engagement

Students’ active engagement is one of the most critical challenges to any successful learning environment. The blending of active engagement along with rich, meaningful content is necessary for chemical educators to re-examine the purpose of the chemistry classroom. The Spring 2014 ConfChem conference, Flipped Classroom, was held from May 9 to June 12, 2014, and contained eight papers and a poster session discussing a variety of ways to engage students within a flipped learning approach to the classroom. This communication introduces the conference, suggests that the flipped classroom is a growing trend, and invites readers to engage in further discussions on how technology can be leveraged to transform the face-to-face practice with our students. The Spring 2014 ConfChem conference was hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE).
RELATIONSHIP OF POTASSIUM ION TRANSPORT TO METABOLISM IN ACID-INDUCED FERMENTATION IN YEAST.

Summary1. In acid-induced fermentation in commercial baker's yeast, no direct relationship was seen between acid penetration and K+ uptake. A dependency of K+ uptake on metabolism was seen, however. 2. Evidence is presented in support of the concept of an “active” process in the transport of K+ into yeast. This evidence conflicts with recent contentions of a “passive” process in K+ transport in yeast. 3. A direct approach may be afforded to studies of energy expenditure by the yeast cell and K+ transport.
Deep Levels and Drift Mobility Measurements in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Drift-mobility measurements in undoped amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) are reviewed with emphasis on the effects of deep levels (principally the D or dangling bond defect) on the electron drift mobility. An outline of several techniques for measuring drift mobilities is also given to establish their relationships to the transient drift-mobility function. µ(t). Three aspects of the electron µ(t) in undoped a-Si:H are described in detail: (i) anisotropy at long times, requiring a distinction between axial electric fields (parallel to the growth axis) and planar fields normal to it, (ii) the D center deep-trapping cutoff observed in the axial µ(t), and (iii) D center multiple-trapping at long times in the planar drift-mobility. Microstructure effects which might account for the electron drift-mobility are discussed.
Hydrothermally Deposited PZT Thin Films With Vertically Oriented Columnar Growth

A novel growth mode for hydrothermal films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has been discovered. Previously reported hydrothermal PZT films have had a loosely-packed cubic morphology, and indeed that is the most common growth mode. However, under special growth conditions, with much more dilute reagent concentrations than previously reported, substantially vertically oriented, long rod shaped grains may be grown. Metal-organic reagents such as lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium propoxide, and titanium isopropoxide were used along with potassium hydroxide mineralizer. Metal and metal-coated substrates with appropriate perovskite seed layers, such as lead titanate (PT) and PZT were used. Unlike other film deposition methods, such as sputtering, MOCVD, or sol-gel, which typically require greater than 500°C processing temperatures, the hydrothermal processes described in this report allowed the growth of highly crystalline films at temperatures as low as 120°C. The unique vertical rod-like ferroelectric films may be useful in electrical devices such as capacitors.