cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organometallic π-complexes

Abstract A series of 2,5-dideuterated, monosubstituted ferrocene compounds has been prepared. A comparison of the proton NMR spectra of these deuterated products with the spectra of their non-deuterated derivatives has permitted the unequivocal assignment of proton resonance frequencies in the latter series.
3.8 mW terahertz radiation generation over a 5 THz radiation bandwidth through large area plasmonic photoconductive antennas

We present a high-performance terahertz radiation source based on a two dimensional array of plasmonic photoconductive antennas. Use of plasmonic antennas enhances photocarrier concentration near terahertz radiating elements and allows a faster acceleration of photocarriers. Therefore, a much stronger dipole moment is induced in response to an incident optical pump and significantly higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies are achieved compared to conventional designs. We experimentally demonstrate record-high terahertz radiation power levels as high as 3.8 mW over 0.1–5 THz in response to a 240 mW optical pump beam, exhibiting one order of magnitude higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies compared to conventional designs.
Charitable Giving of Alumni: Micro-Data Evidence from a Large Public University

This research examines the "age-donation" profile of gift-giving alumniai a large public university, based on a pooled micro-data random sample of 4,242 alumni (1926/27-1989/90 graduates) who gave cash gifts during the 1975/76-1989/90 fiscal years. The covariance regression model results indicate lack of statistically significant difference between gift-giving women and men. However, the School of Business graduates, alumni who proceeded to obtain graduate degrees from this university, and alumni members of non-Greek social organizations gave significantly more. Moreover, alumni contributions varied systematically over the business cycle and a 1962 Federal Court Order to de- segregate the university racially reduced donationshut not significantly. Given the 63-year cycle studied, the growth rates of alumni donations of money are projected to decline after roughly age 52, which falls short of the typical retire- ment age. I
Document design for the visually impaired

It is suggested that in this age of long commutes, high stress, and information overload, and when the age of the US population is increasing, one should assume that readers will not be able to see and read as easily as they might under ideal conditions. Therefore, one should consider how to prepare documents that are easier to read for people who have seeing problems. Attention is given to techniques for accommodating impaired distance vision, color deficiency, impaired muscle coordination, and astigmatism. >
Transmission System Testing, Monitoring, and Control

Discusses techniques for testing the performance of digital transmission systems in terms of bit error rate, jitter, timing slips, and equipment reliability Describes techniques for continuous monitoring of system and equipment performance Covers the techniques for isolating faults in system performance Considers various schemes for reporting alarms, monitors, and restoral actions to other stations in the system Describes digital cross-connect systems used to consolidate and automate certain functions such as provisioning, reconfiguration, monitoring, and testing
Recovery of subgrid-scale turbulence kinetic energy in LES of channel flow

A methodology is presented for recovery of the subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence kinetic energy in large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent channel flow. The formulation is based on extending the one-dimensional energy spectra computed in LES at each wall-normal location using a filtered form of one-dimensional energy spectra derived from the theoretical formulations of Pao [1] or Kraichnan [2]. The extended spectra are integrated to recover the SGS turbulence kinetic energy as a function of the wall-normal direction, from which the individual components of turbulence intensities are recovered using the formulation of Winckelmans et al. [3]. To account for the anisotropy of turbulence in the near-wall region, a transformation is introduced to map the ellipsoidal iso-surfaces of turbulence kinetic energy density in the spectralspace to a spherical surface, where the filtering operations can be applied to the theoretical spectra. The transformation parameters are determined from the dissipative scale in each direction, while the constants in the theoretical spectra are determined by minimizing the errors between the theoretical and LES spectra. The turbulence kinetic energy recovery procedure is applied at a post-processing stage and is independent of the SGS model employed. Validation studies performed using a DNS database of a turbulent channel flow at Re T ⊆ 570 show that the method can recover the total turbulence kinetic energy with errors of less than 1% and the SGS turbulence kinetic energy with errors of less than 10%. In application to LES data, the components of full turbulence intensities are recovered with an accuracy comparable to the accuracy with which the filtered statistics were predicted in LES.
Mars Science Laboratory Thermal Control Architecture

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission to land a large rover on Mars is being planned for launch in 2009. This paper will describe the basic architecture of the thermal control system, the challenges and the methods used to overcome them by the use of an innovative architecture to maximize the use of heritage from past projects while meeting the requirements for the design.
Automatic seizure detection by ECG analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the automatic detection of seizure by electrocardiography (ECG) analysis. There are a wide variety of effects of epileptic seizures on the cardiac rhythm, including life threatening arrhythmias. Because electroencephalographies (EEGs) are routinely recorded with at least one additional channel for ECG, electroencephalographers have become increasingly aware of the relationship between EEG and ECG. This has also provided another parameter for seizure detection. Software-based on cardiotachograph that complements EEG-based seizure detector is developed. When it occurs, the onset of tachycardia is early enough to be considered for the purposes beyond diagnostic monitoring, e.g. for closed-loop control of epileptic seizures. To further evaluate the capabilities of the software cardiotach, the ictal heart-rate changes is investigated and their relationship to seizures recorded from EEG depth-electrodes during 46 temporal lobe seizures in seven patients.
Investigating Quality Perceptions of International Services by Chinese Consumers

Consumers are known to use the country of origin (COO) of a product to infer the quality of products. Products of technologically advanced countries such as the United States and Germany are known to enjoy positive country-of-origin effects. Conversely, products made in the developing countries typically suffer from negative COO effect. While this influence of COO is widely recognized for products, the same cannot be said about services. Only a handful of studies have empirically investigated the relationship between COO and perceived service quality. Additionally, most of these studies in this research paradigm are undertaken in developed markets; hence, their findings cannot be extrapolated to the newly industrialized countries (NICs) that offer tremendous market potential for global services. It has, therefore, become imperative for multinational companies to understand if and how consumers in the major NICs use COO and other cues to infer service quality. This insight is critical in developing effective pricing and promotion strategies for these markets. Using data collected from consumers in Beijing in the People's Republic of China, we demonstrate significant COO effect on two service categories: hotels and restaurants. We also highlight how these research findings will help managerial decisions about pricing and promotion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of phosphorylation and acetylation in modulating mitochondrial metabolism (474.1)

Mitochondria are complex and dynamic organelles that are essential to the survival of nearly every eukaryotic cell. To generate a foundation for systematic investigations of mitochondrial function and adaptation, we recently established a protein compendium of these organelles across a wide range of tissues. This resource, termed MitoCarta, provides a robust, yet static view of the mitochondrial proteome. We are now applying MitoCarta as a framework for quantifying how mitochondrial proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) change during metabolic perturbations, and to elucidate the roles of these changes in regulating mitochondrial activity. To do so, we blend large-scale mass spectrometry-based proteomics with focused biochemistry and molecular biology approaches. In particular, we have recently taken this approach to capture the mitochondrial proteome dynamics during fasting, the onset of obesity, aging, caloric restriction and acute iron deprivation. Our analyses have revealed hundreds of d...
Endotoxin potentiates ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia in rat nasal epithelium.

Abstract People are exposed to a combination of environmental pollutants throughout their lives. Repeated exposures of one common pollutant, ozone, have been reported to cause the development of mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) of rats. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to bacterial endotoxin, another toxicant ubiquitous to the environment, potentiates this metaplastic response in rat NTE. Rats were exposed to 0 or 0.5 ppm ozone 8 h/day for 3 days. After ozone exposure, rats were intranasally instilled with saline containing 0 or 100 μg/ml endotoxin once daily for 2 days. Rats were killed 6 h or 3 days after the last intranasal instillation. Nasal tissue was processed for light microscopy and image analysis, or for isolation of total RNA. Mucous cell metaplasia was not detected in air/endotoxin-exposed rats, was observed in ozone/saline-exposed rats, and was most severe in ozone/endotoxin-exposed rats. At 6 h after instillation, amounts of intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) were 4-fold greater in NTE of ozone/endotoxin-exposed rats as compared to controls. These IM levels were similar to those of ozone/saline-exposed rats. Mucin-specific mRNA (rMuc-5AC) levels were elevated in all treatment groups at this timepoint. At 3 days after instillation, amounts of IM in ozone/endotoxin-exposed rats were 10-fold greater than in controls and 5-fold greater than in ozone/saline-exposed rats. rMuc-5AC mRNA levels remained elevated in the ozone/endotoxin-exposed rats. Despite the fact that bacterial endotoxin alone does not cause a phenotypic change in rat NTE, it can augment the mucous cell metaplasia induced by a previous exposure to ozone.
Downlink coverage probability in MIMO HetNets with flexible cell selection

In this paper, we study the coverage probability of a A"-tier multiple-input multiple-output heterogeneous cellular network (MIMO HetNet) assuming (i) zero-forcing precoding at all the base stations (BSs), (ii) Rayleigh fading, (iii) independent Poisson Point Process (PPP) model for the locations of BSs of each tier, and (iv) general cell selection rule that maximizes average received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the users. Our analysis highlights key differences between MIMO HetNets and the more familiar single antenna HetNets in terms of cell selection. While it is challenging to derive exact cell selection rule to maximize average downlink SINR in MIMO HetNets, we show that adding an appropriately chosen per-tier selection bias yields a close approximation. The bias value for each tier is given in closed form. One interpretation of this result is that MIMO HetNets may balance load more naturally across different tiers in certain special cases compared to single antenna HetNets where an artificial selection bias is often needed for load balancing.
A 585‐nanometer pulsed dye laser treatment of laryngeal papillomas: Preliminary report

Objectives/Hypothesis: Standard management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) currently consists of CO 2 laser microsurgical ablation of papillomas. Because of the recurrent nature of this viral disease, patients are often faced with significant cumulative risk of soft tissue complications. As a minimally traumatic alternative to management of RRP, we have investigated the use of the 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) to cause regression of papillomas by selective eradication of the tumor microvasculature. Study Design: Nonrandomized prospective pilot study. Methods: Patients with laryngeal papillomas were treated with the PDL at fluences of 6 J/cm 2 (double pulses per irradiated site), 8 J/cm 2 (single pulses), and 10 J/cm 2 (single pulses), at noncritical areas within the larynx, using a specially designed micromanipulator. Lesions on the true cords were treated with the CO 2 laser, using standard methodology. Results: Clinical examination of three patients treated to date showed that PDL treatment appeared to produce complete regression of papillomas. Unlike the sites of lesions treated by the CO 2 laser, the epithelial surface at the PDL treatment sites was preserved intact. Conclusions : These preliminary results suggest the PDL may eradicate respiratory papillomas with minimal damage to normal laryngeal tissue. Further analysis of the ongoing study is required to demonstrate potential benefits of the technique.
An example of anti-Yta demonstrating a change in its clinical significance.

. The clinical significance of some red cell alloantibodies remains in doubt and can best be studied with long-term 51Cr survival studies. We report a patient whose IgG anti-Yta was initially shown not to shorten the lifespan of 51Cr-labeled Yt(a+) red cells. At the time of this study, the subclass of the antibody could not be determined. Twelve weeks after transfusion with 4 units of Yt(a+) red cells, the alloantibody for the first time was demonstrable as IgG1; a repeat radiolabeled red cell survival demonstrated significant shortening of the lifespan of Yt(a+) red cells when they were followed for 7 days. These cells had a marked ‘two-component’ survival curve. Because the patient also demonstrated autoantibody coating his red cells, the clinical effect of this autoantibody was followed with autologous red cells labeled with 111In; the survival of autologous red cells was normal throughout these studies. Evaluation of the clinical significance of an alloantibody in a patient may require long-term 51Cr red cell survival studies and repetition of these studies after exposure to large quantities of the antigen.
Comparison of the schwann cell surface and schwann cell extracellular matrix as promoters of neurite growth

The ability of Schwann cells to influence the direction and rate of neurite growth was investigated in a tissue culture model of the bands of Bungner of injured peripheral nerve. The arrangement of this culture system allowed testing of the growth-promoting properties of the Schwann cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembled by Schwann cells rather than soluble substances secreted into conditioned medium. Various components of peripheral nerve were examined separately as substrata for regenerating neurites: (i) Schwann cells and their ECM; (ii) Schwann cells alone; (iii) Schwann cell ECM alone; (iv) Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and their assembled ECM; (v) Schwann cells, their ECM and neurites; and (vi) purified laminin. Regenerating peripheral neurites were from explants of foetal rat dorsal root ganglia, which had been cultured for several weeks to rid them of accompanying non-neuronal cells, or from explants of foetal rat superior cervical ganglia, which contained non-neuronal cells. CNS neurites from the somatosensory cortex of embryonic rats were also studied; these neurites may be either first growing or regenerating. Neurites from all types of explants studied grew longer and were guided on a substratum of Schwann cells or Schwann cell ECM compared with a collagen substratum. The presence of fibroblasts during ECM assembly did not enhance the neurite growth-promoting activity. The design of the experiments suggested that the factors by which the Schwann cells or their ECM promoted and guided neurite outgrowth were surface-bound rather than medium-borne. Electron microscopic examination showed that neurites grew on either Schwann cell surfaces or basal lamina material. Attempts to define the chemical nature of the neurite growth-promoting effect of ECM by partial enzymatic digestion did not identify any single component as essential. Purified laminin was a more effective promoter of outgrowth of peripheral neurites than were Schwann cells or Schwann cell ECM. Cortical explants also grew on laminin, but neurites were accompanied on this substratum by a massive migration of non-neuronal cells; the neurites appeared to extend primarily on the non-neuronal cells rather than by direct attachment to the laminin substratum. This characteristic outgrowth of cortical non-neuronal cells on laminin was not consistently seen on Schwann cell ECM. In conclusion, either the Schwann cell surface or the ECM produced and assembled by Schwann cells promotes neurite outgrowth and guides that outgrowth from the several types of peripheral and CNS neurons studied in this report.
Selection for Surgery of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Hypertension

Estimation of pulmonary blood flow relative to systemic blood flow is a critical point in selecting patients with ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension for operation. A detailed medical history, physical examination, thoracic roentgenograms, careful interpretation of electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterization, and biopsy of the lung provide approaches to the problem. In borderline cases, decision still may be extremely difficult. The authors usually favor operation, however, with recognition that this decision may be in error. Obviously proper evaluation for operation cannot assure uniformly good results. Method of conduct of operation, perfusion, and postoperative care determine the results.
Diatom cultures exhibit differential effects on larval metamorphosis in the marine gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say)

Adult Ilyanassa obsoleta recruit from the plankton to surface sediments of intertidal mudflats along the U.S. East Coast as a result of metamorphic induction of planktonic larvae by environmental cues. A previous researcher discovered that seawater extracts of mud from juvenile habitats could induce metamorphosis and provided evidence that the inductive agent was of biological origin. Because juvenile I. obsoleta are herbivorous and grow when fed diets of benthic diatoms, we hypothesized that benthic diatoms or their associated microflora might be responsible for producing a metamorphic stimulus. We tested extracts of a culture of mixed diatoms and extracts of cultures of 6 diatom species isolated from mudflat sediments along the coast of North Carolina in which sexually mature and immature adult (juvenile) I. obsoleta commonly co-occur. We also tested extracts of one diatom culture isolated at the Friday Harbor Laboratories (Friday Harbor, WA). We found differential effects among the diatom species tested. One centric diatom, Coscinodiscus sp., induced metamorphosis at levels close to those triggered by a known neuroactive compound, serotonin. Several species of benthic diatoms displayed neutral effects, showing little or no inductive capability. In one experiment, an unidentified pennate diatom species appeared to inhibit spontaneous metamorphosis that occurred in some competent larvae. We hypothesize that Coscinodiscus sp. or its associated microflora, is part of a suite of benthic species that is either indicative of a favorable juvenile environment or is itself part of the post-metamorphic diet. Our results also indicate that larval Ilyanassa demonstrated positive, neutral, and perhaps even negative responses to potential metamorphic cues.
Smoking cessation, but not smoking reduction, reduces plasma homocysteine levels.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels. Although hyperhomocysteinemia may mediate some of the adverse cardiovascular consequences of smoking cigarettes, the effects of smoking cessation and smoking reduction on homocysteine levels have not been evaluated previously. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smoking cessation and smoking reduction on plasma homocysteine levels. Methods: Fifty-one healthy subjects who smoked 35.9 ± 6.4 cigarettes daily were randomized to continue smoking, reduce smoking to 4-8 cigarettes daily, or to stop smoking. A nicotine inhaler and individualized counseling were provided as aids to smoking cessation. Results: In subjects who quit smoking, homocysteine levels decreased by 11.6%, from 8.58 ± 2.31 to 7.53 ± 2.26 μmol/l (p = 0.013). Significant changes in homocysteine levels were not observed in subjects who reduced smoking or continued to smoke. Conclusion: A “harm reduction” strategy of reducing cigarette use may not be sufficient for reducing the vascular risk associated with smoking cigarettes.
Double-layer dynamics in the adsorption of tetrabutyl ammonium ions at the mercury—water interface: I: Survey

Abstract The literature shows that the adsorption behavior of tetrabutyl ammonium ions exhibits several rather unusual aspects. We report here that, below room temperature, the capacitance exhibits a pit region at low tetrabutyl ammonium concentrations. However, this capacitance pit may disappear at higher adsorbate concentrations. Capacitance—potential curves also provide evidence for the existence of distinct interfacial “states” outside the pit region. The appearance of needle-like capacitance peaks is associated with the existence of one such interfacial state, which clearly involves anion co-adsorption. Finally, the region of tetrabutyl ammonium adsorption is strongly influenced by competitive specific adsorption of both anions and cations, and provides direct evidence for the specific adsorption of common alkali cations at sufficiently negative potentials.
Effect of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction-block in chronic spinal cord injury.

Abstract The spinal cords of 18 anesthetized cats were injured by standardized contusion. The animals were maintained for 4–16 months, then the thoracic spinal cord was isolated in vitro at 25°C. Microelectrode recordings were made from single axons conducting through the lesion in ventral and lateral tracts. On warming the tissue, action potential conduction was found to block at temperatures below 36°C in 29% of 129 axons tested. Of 17 axons in which it was possible to demonstrate a block below physiological temperature, apply 0.1–1 mM 4-AP, wait for 10 min and test conduction again, 7 showed increases in blocking temperature and 4 of these were restored to conduction above 37°C. The other 10 fibers showed no improvement in blocking temperature. 4-AP also increased the spontaneous activity of axons. It was concluded that 4-AP may eventually be useful in chronic spinal cord injuries, because it improves safety factor in some axons and increases excitability in others, which may compensate to some extent for the reduction in density of projections through the lesion.
Galen's anecdote of the fallen sophist: on the certainty of science through anatomy

In this paper the author recounts an anecdote presented by Galen of Pergamum (circa 130-200 A.D.) about a sophist named Pausanias, who fell from his mount and struck his back against a rock. The patient developed a subsequent loss of sensation in the fingers of his left hand with complete sparing of motor function. Numerous medications were applied to his hand but to no avail. Galen stated that he applied the same medications to the original point of dorsal tenderness, resulting in the patient's dramatic and full recovery. Galen attributed the healing to local drug action at the site of a presumed spinal root injury, at the level of C-7. Galen repeated this anecdote elsewhere to illustrate the remote effects of spinal cord and nerve injury and the importance of treating the site of pathology, rather than its somatic manifestations. Galen's observation is interpreted in light of his earlier experiments on spinal cord and nerve transections in live animals and his evolving concepts of functional and correlative neuroanatomy. This anecdote is also discussed as a striking example of the dangers of conjecture and the temptation to confuse association with causation when interpreting the effects of therapy in light of widely accepted paradigms.
Optical measurements of the antiferromagnetic energy gaps in chromium

Abstract The temperature-independent infrared reflectivity of Cr reported in this letter gives the first substantial evidence for the existence of more than one electronic energy gap in antiferromagnetic Cr.
Sustaining the Commitment to Multiculturalism: A Longitudinal Study in a Graduate Psychology Program.

Those committed to the multicultural transformation of the psychology profession must become familiar with ways to initiate and maintain this challenging process. The efforts of a graduate training program to sustain its multicultural evolution are presented along with longitudinal outcome data. Over time, diversity interventions were seen as more effective while differences in the success ratings among students of color and their White peers decreased. Reports of having heard about, seen, or experienced prejudicial behavior, however, remained unchanged. The institutionalization of multicultural change procedures, the revision of assessment instruments for long-term use, and the potential benefits of comparative diversity research are discussed.
Respiratory Depression in Young Prader Willi Syndrome Patients following Clonidine Provocation for Growth Hormone Secretion Testing

Objectives. To determine the sedative and respiratory effects of clonidine when used to evaluate growth hormone (GH) secretion in children with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). Methods. The study prospectively evaluated children with PWS who received clonidine (0.15 mg/ ) to assess GH responsiveness. Patients were studied up to four times over three years. Vital signs, oxygen saturation, and sedation level were recorded at baseline and every five minutes following clonidine. Changes between baseline and post-clonidine were evaluated using a repeated measurement analysis. Results. Sixty studies were performed on 17 patients, mean age months. The mean SD dose of clonidine was mg ( mcg/kg). All patients achieved a sedation score of 4 to 5 (drowsy to asleep). Mean declines in respiratory rate ( breaths/min; ), and oxygen saturation ( %; ) occurred following clonidine. Five patients (29%) experienced oxygen saturations 94% on nine occasions. Three oxygen desaturations were accompanied by partial airway obstruction. Conclusions. Clonidine doses to assess GH secretion often exceed doses used for sedation and result in significant respiratory depression in some children with PWS. There was no association between oxygen desaturation and BMI.
The effects of apomorphine on leverpress shock escape learning in rats

Abstract Four groups of rats (n=10 each) were tested on a discrete trial leverpress shock escape task 15 min following an intraperitoneal injection of either 0 (saline), 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine hydrochloride. The results indicated that all doses of apomorphine produced a severe disruption in escape performance. This disruption was temporary, however, as all apomorphine groups were responding as quickly as the saline control rats by the end of the training session. A comparison of the effects of apomorphine with the previously reported effects of scopolamine and septal lesions on shock escape learning revealed both similarities and differences. These findings suggest that a septal lesion-induced reduction of acetylcholine levels does not simply “unleash” an antagonistic dopaminergic system.
Mechanism of plasma polymerization: The effect of substrate and substrate topography

Abstract Surface properties of metals and plastic substrates and properties of plasma polymerized films on these substrates are reported. The surface and film properties were measured with ellipsometry, surface potential difference, photoelectron-emission and fluid contact angles. Light scattering, profilometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize surface roughness and topography. The modification of the adhesive properties of low energy surfaces (such as Teflon) by plasma polymerization is shown. Adhesive properties of plasma films on metals is also shown. It is shown that photoelectron-emission may be a valuable tool for detecting the presence and decay of excited molecules and radicals formed during plasma polymerization.
Effect of misoprostol, an antiulcer prostaglandin, on serum gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Serum gastrin has been reported to increase after therapy with some agents effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU). Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, is effective in the treatment of DU, with healing rates similar to those achieved with vigorous antacid therapy or H2-receptor antagonists. Misoprostol reduces gastric acid secretion and also possesses cytoprotective properties. This multicenter study examined serum gastrin levels before and after treatment of DU patients with misoprostol. Sera for gastrin measurement were obtained from DU patients after an 8-hr fast, and 15 and 30 min after a standard mixed meal. DU patients were studied before and after two to four weeks of treatment with placebo or misoprostol: in one study, misoprostol 100 μg qid (without antacid) was compared with placebo; in the other study, misoprostol at 50- or 200-μg qid dosages (with limited antacid, Amphojel up to 54 meq/day) was compared with placebo. In addition, the serum gastrin values obtained in healthy subjects were compared with those from DU patients. Fasting and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations were essentially similar for DU patients and healthy subjects. There were no significant differences, either in fasting serum gastrin or in integrated gastrin responses, in DU patients after treatment with placebo or misoprostol at 100 μg (P=0.32), 50 μg, or 200 μg doses (P=0.85). It is concluded that misoprostol, when administered four times daily for two to four weeks at dosages required for the acceleration of DU healing, does not affect serum gastrin levels.
Outcome of Reoperative Coronary Bypass Surgery Versus Coronary Angioplasty After Previous Bypass Surgery

Background The immediate and long-term outcomes of reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) (n=1561) and catheter-based coronary intervention (angioplasty) (n=2613) were compared in patients from Emory University Hospitals who had previous CABG. Methods and Results The surgical and angioplasty procedures and statistical methods were standard. Data were collected prospectively and entered into a computerized database. Follow-up was by letter, telephone, or additional events resulting in readmission. In the angioplasty group, 2.9% required in-hospital CABG. Hospital mortality was 1.2% after angioplasty versus 6.8% after repeat CABG (P<.0001). Recurrent angina was noted frequently at about 4 years and was more common after angioplasty. One-, 5-, and 10-year mortalities were 11%, 24%, and 49% after CABG versus 6%, 22%, and 38% after angioplasty. Survival corrected for baseline differences did not vary with the choice of procedure. There were more additional procedures after angioplasty. Patients unde...
Application of H-Adaptation for Environmental Fluid Flow and Species Transport

An adaptive finite element model has been developed for simulating environmental fluid flow and species transport. The model uses Petrov–Galerkin weighting for the advection terms, mass lumping, and a h-adapting scheme that refines and unrefines the mesh using velocity and species concentration gradients. The model is currently being used to calculate atmospheric wind fields over the Nevada Test Site, and to calculate groundwater transport in saturated or unsaturated porous media. The model runs on Pentium PCs and SGI workstations; a parallel version of the model runs on an SGI Origin 2000 computer. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformations for improving data access locality in non-perfectly nested loops

Loop transformation techniques have matured to the point where the techniques are well integrated into production optimizing compilers~\cite{kaixpert:97}. However, we believe that new and aggressive techniques are necessary because: computer system manufacturers have announced their plans for forthcoming processors with over 1GHz clock frequency, wherein the miss penalties can be very high, and transformation techniques have saturated in that they have delivered majority of the benefit that can be obtained with perfectly nested loops. The new techniques must target improvement of coverage, that is the classes of loops that can be optimized for locality of data access.In this paper, we present a new technique called size-reduction transformation to improve data access locality in a class of non-perfectly nested loops. The new technique is very effective, when existing techniques, namely, linear loop and array transformations, fail to improve locality of reference. Size-reduction transformations are implemented in IBM's Fortran 90 optimizing compiler released recently, and have contributed significantly to the high performance of the compiler.
P2X7 purinoceptor expression in Xenopus oocytes is not sufficient to produce a pore‐forming P2Z‐like phenotype

Abstract The purinergic rP2X7 receptor expressed in a number of heterologous systems not only functions as a cation channel but also gives rise to a P2Z-like response, i.e. a reversible membrane permeabilization that allows the passage of molecules with molecular masses of ≥300 Da. We investigated the properties of rP2X7 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments, ATP or BzATP caused inward currents that were abolished or greatly diminished when NMDG+ or choline+ replaced Na+ as the principal external cation. In fluorescent dye experiments, BzATP application did not result in entry of the fluorophore YO-PRO-12+. Thus, rP2X7 expression in Xenopus oocytes does not by itself give rise to the pore-forming P2Z phenotype, suggesting that ancillary factors are involved.
Viscoelastic shear response and network structure in polycyanurates

The shear response of polycyanurate networks with different cross-link densities, varied by changing the ratio of difunctional to monofunctional cyanate ester, is measured from shear stress relaxation and dynamic experiments. Master curves are constructed following the time−temperature superposition principle, and the temperature dependence of the shift factors is examined. The discrete relaxation time spectra are calculated from the viscoelastic responses and are found to be independent of cross-link density over the time/frequency range measured. The cross-link density, determined from the rubbery modulus, and the sol content, measured from sol extraction experiments, are modeled for the fully cured polycyanurate networks using the recursive method; a monomer cyclization reaction is assumed in the modeling based upon the chemical composition of the sol which was determined by mass spectroscopy. The effect of monomer cyclization on the conversion at gelation of dicyanate esters is discussed.
Octahedral metal carbonyls. XLV. Kinetics and mechanism of ligand exchange in tungsten carbonyl complexes containing chelating ligands bonding through nitrogen

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of (tmen)W(CO)4 (tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyt- ethylenediamine) and (tmpa)W(CO) 4 (tmpa = N,N,N′, N'-tetramethyl-l,$-diaminopropane) with phosphinet and phosphites (L) to afford L 2 W(CO) 4 products have been investigated in detail. For both substrates, rate data support a mechanism involving two compet- ing paths, one involving unimolecular, reversible ring- opening, the other a concerted process Involving an interchange of L and one end of the bidentate chelat- ing ligand; the former path predominates. The results are compared to studies of analogous systems containing chelttting sulfur !igands. Intermediates of the type cis-(η 1 -tmpa)(L)W(CO) 4 (L = bicyclic phos- phite) were identified. The nature of five-coordinate intermediates formed via ring-opening in (tmpa)- W(CO) 4 was also studied. [Tmpa]W(CO) 4 is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of (diolef'tn)CO 4 complexes; thus (norbornadiene) W(CO) 4 was prepared in reasonable yield through reaction of (tmpa)W(CO) 4 with norbornadiene in hydrocarbon solvent under mild conditions.
A sequential representation of the occiput, arm, forearm and hand across the rostrocaudal dimension of areas 1, 2 and 5 in macaque monkeys

Receptive fields were determined for recording sites in cortical areas 1, 2 and 5 in macaque monkeys. While a mixture of cutaneous and deep receptors were represented in most regions of area 2, a specific mediolateral level of area 2 was highly responsive to cutaneous input. Anteroposterior rows of recording sites across areas 1, 2 and 5 at this mediolateral location revealed a continuous sequence of cutaneous receptive fields proceeding from the occiput and face in area 1 to the forearm and hand in area 5.
Examining Student-Created Documentaries as a Mechanism for Engaging Students in Authentic Intellectual Work

Abstract Over the last several decades, social studies educators' interest and emphasis on integrating technology into teaching has increased significantly. One promising area of inquiry focuses on the benefits of student-produced digital video. A number of researchers assert that student-produced digital videos provide a variety of benefits, including increases in student motivation and engagement, creative classroom opportunities, and opportunities for more authentic learning experiences. Fewer researchers, however, have explored student learning outcomes from documentary projects. In this article, the authors analyzed a set of student-created digital documentary projects constructed in a standards-based, 8th-grade U.S. history classroom. They holistically examined the level of authentic intellectual work evident in students' projects throughout each stage of the process. The authors found that the students demonstrated a moderate-to-significant degree of authentic intellectual work in creating their ow...
The synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes. Further comments on benzynes derived from aryl oxazolines

Abstract Further investigation of organolithium addition to the 2,3-benzyne of aryl oxazolines reveals that addition takes place to give the 3-lithio (kinetic) and/or 2-lithio (thermodynamic) products depending on the nature of the organolithium reagent.
Insulin‐like Growth Factors in Central Nervous System Tumors

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) appear to play arole in the development of tumors in generaland brain tumors in particular. Specific receptors forIGFs have been identified in normal human andrat brain, and evidence suggests that components ofthe IGF signal transduction system may play arole in the transformation process. Secretion of IGFsby a variety of human brain tumors hasbeen confirmed, and these growth factors appear tohave an autocrine stimulatory effect on these tumors.IGFs circulate in the blood stream bound toat least six distinct binding proteins which maymodulate the effects of these growth factors ontarget tissues. Sex steroids may also regulate thebehavior of certain brain tumors such as meningiomasat least in part through their effects onthe expression of IGFs and their binding proteins.Recently, antisense gene technology against certain IGFs ortheir receptors have resulted in potent antitumor effectsin the case of several gliomas, although themechanism for this remains unclear.
XML-Based Transit Timetable System

The Internet and the World Wide Web are used for a wide variety of transportation applications. Most of these applications use static HTML documents. However, outside of transportation, considerably more attention is being given to dynamic content and XML. A way in which these technologies can be used to provide transit timetable information on the web is explored. Specifically, the transit timetable system, an online interactive transit timetable information exchange and administration system that uses Java server pages and the transit timetable markup language, is described.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Coordination Polymers Pb(PYTAC) 2 and Pb 2 (PYTAC) 3 (NO 3 ) (PYTAC = 2-(pyridin-4-yl)thiazole-5-carboxylate)

Two lead coordination compounds, Pb(PYTAC)2 (1), and Pb(PYTAC)2(NO3) (2), were grown as single crystals via hydrothermal synthesis (PYTAC = 2-(4-pyridyl) thiazole-4-carboxylate). Both compounds have been identified via single crystal X-ray diffraction. Coordination polymer 1 crystallizes in a triclinic space group P-1 (a = 5.5097(4) A, b = 7.2822(5) A, c = 11.3134(8) A, α = 103.5580(10)°, β = 99.4330(10)°, γ = 97.1050(10)°), and forms 2-D layers parallel to the crystallographic (ac) plane. Coordination polymer 2 crystallizes in a triclinic space group P-1 (a = 9.8102(5) A, b = 10.5972(6) A, c = 14.8076(8) A, α = 91.9350(10)°, β = 100.8050(10)°, γ = 103.1350(10)°), and forms an infinite 1-D chains along the a axis. 2-(4-pyridyl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (PYTAC) contains a number of potential coordination sites to which a lead cation can coordinate, allowing study of the preferential binding character of this ion.
Acoustic radiation potential on a sphere in plane, cylindrical, and spherical standing wave fields

The method of Gor'kov is applied for deriving the acoustic radiation potential on a sphere in an arbitrary sound field. Generalized potential and force expressions are derived for arbitrary standing wave modes in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical geometries for the case where the sphere radius is much smaller than the wavelength. Criteria for determining radiation-potential minima are derived and examples of characteristic spatial radiation-potential profiles are presented. Single modes that can sustain stable positioning are discussed for each geometry. The localizing force strengths for representative standing wave modes in the three geometries are also compared. The positioning of samples due to acoustic forces only are considered. However, the method developed is general and is extended to include gravity or other external forces.
An aerosol climatology of Samoa

An atmospheric monitoring station is operated at Cape Matatula, American Samoa, by the Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change program under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A nearly continuous record of condensation nucleus (CN) concentration and multiwavelength aerosol scattering extinction coefficient (σsp) is available from mid-1977 to the present. This report presents the 1977–1983 data. The long-term mean of CN concentration is 274 cm−3, the long-term mean of σsp(550 nm) is 1.54 × 10−5, and no significant long-term, annual, or diurnal trend is apparent in either data record.
Ab initio simulation of benzene Raman intensities

C6H6 Raman scattering activities calculated from harmonic model ab initio Hartree–Fock 6–311 ++ G(d, p) polarizability derivatives (and harmonic force fields calculated at the same level) accurately simulate experiment (to within 1% for the a1g modes). Accurate predictions are also made for the e2g modes (to within 5% for ν7 and ν9, and more poorly for ν6 and ν8 [in Fermi resonance with ν6 + ν1]) and for the e1g out-of-plane mode, ν10. Only the ν6 in-plane CCC bending mode scattering activity is found to be anomalous. Systematic variation of the basis set indicates that the benzene scattering activities and depolarization ratios are strongly dependent on inclusion of both carbon and hydrogen atom diffuse functions in the basis set. Predictions are also made for 12C6D6 and for unmeasured intensities in 13C6H6. Measurements of a1g mode scattering activities in the latter molecule are predicted to be useful in testing the harmonic Hartree–Fock Raman intensity model.
A Combined Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics Approach for Developing Asymmetric Bivalent AMPA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators as Neuroprotective Agents

PAMs new in town! An effective, combined bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approach was applied to the design of novel asymmetric bivalent α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with marked potency in vitro and efficacy in vivo for preventing neuroapoptosis. The novel chemotype could provide pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents for glutamatergic hypofunction and its related neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Cooling below 1K a long Josephson junction in the voltage state

Abstract A long Josephson junction was cooled inside the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator for studies of macroscopic quantum tunneling. As the junction was biased at a voltage state the heat generated was dissipated by a specially designed sample holder in contact with the dilute mixture.
A Secure Approach to Educating a Mobile World-Class Military —A Mobile Secure Concept for Accessing the Classroom from Around the World

The “Mobile Secure Role Base Access Control Device” (MS-Ro-BAC) Device and database is a single unit system with the ability to instantly connect to secure databases around the world through Low Earth Orbit Satellite (LEO) using VPN wired communications. The capabilities provided by the MS-Ro-BAC device would support the“Global War on Terrorism” and increase the security of US force and Department of Defense Personnel around the world. Information dissemination in an austere environment is the focus of this seminal research; combat forces and DoD personnel depend on timely strategic information before making life threatening decisions on the battle field. This manuscript provides the framework and a prototype to improve the information dissemination process in the modern day information scenario.
Parental allergic status influences the risk of developing allergic sensitization and an asthmatic-like phenotype in canine offspring

Increasing evidence suggests that parental allergic status, especially that of the mother, may play a unique and important role in influencing the development of fetal infant immune responses to inhaled allergens, independently of genetic predisposition. We have developed an experimental model in dogs where the offspring from allergic parents, when exposed to inhaled allergen, develop allergic sensitization and an asthmatic phenotype, whereas the offspring from non-allergic parents do not. Offspring from ragweed-sensitized (two litters, n = 10) or non-sensitized (two litters, n = 11) Beagle dogs were exposed repeatedly, by inhalation, to ragweed or filtered air (negative control) beginning within 1 week after birth. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and ragweed-specific IgE and IgG, were measured at specific time-points up to 40 weeks after birth. Cell differentials in the bronchoalveolar lavage were determined on days 1 and 4 following ragweed instillation into the offspring's lungs at 26 weeks of age. Changes in pulmonary resistance following challenge with histamine and ragweed (five breaths) were measured at 40 weeks after birth. Offspring from sensitized parents exposed to ragweed developed elevated serum total IgE and ragweed-specific IgE and IgG, and showed an increased pulmonary resistance to histamine and ragweed, and increased numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. In contrast, offspring from non-sensitized parents did not exhibit this immune response. These results suggest that parental allergic sensitivity is important in the development of allergic sensitization and an asthmatic phenotype in the offspring.