cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of handedness and the laterality of seizure onset: surgical implications of new understandings in motor control

Abstract Objectives: This article pursues another corollary of the anatomy of handedness, a code for the laterality of motor control. The latter indicates the absence of any motor communication from the minor (right, in the vast majority of population) to the major hemisphere (left, in the vast majority of right handers). It also indicates that all communications between the two hemispheres are excitatory in nature. This arrangement prohibits initiation of seizure within the minor and its propagation to the major hemisphere, via the callosum. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature is undertaken regarding theoretical and technical reasons for the failure of seizure surgery in subjects undergoing the same for intractable epilepsy. Results: Whereas the laterality of motor control is heavily biased towards the left hemisphere (∼80%), the operation is performed equally on both hemispheres. Failures of surgery in some series were substantially higher among those who had undergone operations on the ri...
Listening skills development through multimedia

As multimedia technology (interactive videodisc, CD-ROM, CD-I, etc.) becomes more accessible to teachers and learners of other languages, its potential as a tool to enhance listening skills becomes a practical option. Multimedia allows integration of text, graphics, audio, and motion video in a range of combinations. The result is that learners can now interact with textual, aural, and visual media in a wide range of formats. Consequently, when we now look at the computer as potentially supporting listening skills acquisition, we need to examine not only aural processing opportunities, but multi modal, (simultaneous sight, sound, text) processing as well. This paper examines multi modal processing and its implications for listening skills development in a foreign or second language. How multi modal processing as it relates to listening skills development can be supported by multimedia technology is presented.
The Effectiveness of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model on Selected Aspects of Elementary School Change

This study examined the effectiveness of a year long application of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model in eleven schools. Subjects consisted of 1,698 elementary grade students, 236 teachers, 120 parents, and 10 principals. Data analysis revealed positive changes in student and teacher attitudes. Student creative products were numerous and exceeded the norm of typical student creative output. Most notable among qualitative data analysis were: remarkably favorable changes in attitudes toward education of the gifted on the part of classroom teachers and the general student population, large increases in student centered enrichment activities and work on self-selected interests, greater cooperation between classroom teachers and gifted education specialists, and more favorable attitudes toward special programming on the part of parents.
Viscosity and Heat Conductivity of Fluorine Gas: Computed Values from 100–2500 K and 0.25–2.0 Atmospheres

The computed values of the viscosity and heat conductivity of fluorine gas are reported in the range 100-2500K and 0.25-2.0 atmospheres pressure. The Chapman-Enskog first approximation equations for the thermal equilibrium binary mixture of fluorine atoms and molecules are used in the calculations.1 The procedures developed by Mason and Monchick2 to account for inelastic encounters for the fluorine molecules and Parker’s3 assignment of the change in rotational collision numbers with temperature are used. Experimental viscosity and heat conductivity data are reproduced over the temperature range where measurements are available.
Biological imaging by soft x-ray diffraction microscopy

We have used the method of x-ray diffraction microscopy to image the complex-valued exit wave of an intact and unstained yeast cell. The images of the freeze-dried cell, obtained by using 750-eV x-rays from different angular orientations, portray several of the cell's major internal components to 30-nm resolution. The good agreement among the independently recovered structures demonstrates the accuracy of the imaging technique. To obtain the best possible reconstructions, we have implemented procedures for handling noisy and incomplete diffraction data, and we propose a method for determining the reconstructed resolution. This work represents a previously uncharacterized application of x-ray diffraction microscopy to a specimen of this complexity and provides confidence in the feasibility of the ultimate goal of imaging biological specimens at 10-nm resolution in three dimensions.
Psychoacoustic bass enhancement system on reconfigurable analog signal processor

Because of size and cost constraints, small loudspeakers are used in many applications. It is very difficult to have a good low-frequency response in these small speakers. To produce good-sounding bass, we use psychoacoustic techniques to enhance deep bass in small loudspeakers—hence “extending” the bandwidth of auditory signals. This system is implemented in the analog domain, demonstrating the efficient signal processing capability of low power analog circuits. The bass enhancement system is designed, programmed, and tested on a floating-gate based field programmable analog array (FPAA), a reconfigurable analog signal processor. Measurements from a working prototype are presented. We can transfer the analog system developed on the FPAA to custom IC designs, or use the FPAA as the final implementation platform.
Does cartilage compliance reduce skeletal impact loads?. the relative force‐attenuating properties of articular cartilage, synovial fluid, periarticular soft tissues and bone

Joint wear is related to the pressure exerted at the articular cartilage interface. The largest loads an animal joint experiences in life will be brief and will result from impact. Compliance in the system will decrease the peak value of such impulsive loadings at the expense, probably unimportant, of increasing their duration. The ability of synovial fluid, supporting bone and periarticular soft tissues to provide this compliance and attenuate peak forces might spare the articular cartilage and prevent wear. Measurements were made of the relative attenuation of longitudinally applied, external impulsive force by these major joint elements of adult bovine interphalangeal joints. The effect of the various elements, independently, upon the over-all compliance of the joint was measured in nonimpulsive experiments and found to correlate quite well with their ability to reduce the peak load in the impulsive experiments. Only the periarticular soft tissues (capsule, ligaments and synovial tissue) and bone have significant force-attenuating properties. Articular cartilage and synovial fluid have little effect. These results support the contention that the integrity of bone could well be important in prolonging joint life.
Modeling aging effects of IGBTs in power drives by ringing characterization

This paper presents two types of aging modeling for IGBTs. The physical modeling allows a better understanding of the physical mechanics of failures while the functional model represents a more general approach that can be easily extended to model more complex systems. The latter also allows a better characterization of the ringing signal phenomenon, which was found to be characteristic of aged IGBTs. Based on the effects of aging on the ringing, a feature is proposed to capture these changes in real-time and use them as a diagnostic tool for components health state. A real power drive platform is implemented to experimentally verify the ringing characterization modeled and to demonstrate the repeatability of the ringing effects observed at high frequencies in the voltage and current of electrical components.
Real-time Gesture Recognition with Minimal Training Requirements and On-line Learning

In this paper, we introduce the semantic network model (SNM), a generalization of the hidden Markov model (HMM) that uses factorization of state transition probabilities to reduce training requirements, increase the efficiency of gesture recognition and on-line learning, and allow more precision in gesture modeling. We demonstrate the advantages both formally and experimentally, using examples such as full-body multimodal gesture recognition via optical motion capture and a pressure sensitive floor, as well as mouse/pen gesture recognition. Our results show that our algorithm performs much better than the traditional approach in situations where training samples are limited and/or the precision of the gesture model is high.
Factors affecting conception date variation in white‐tailed deer

Understanding the factors that influence timing of reproduction can be of value to wildlife managers. We used estimated breeding dates of captive individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Texas and Mississippi, USA, and wild deer populations in Mississippi, to document natural variation within individuals and populations, and to determine whether body condition, age, or moon phase explained conception date variation. Mean conception date of captive individual deer was 1 December with a median of 26 November, a standard deviation of 13.6 days, and a mean range of 33 days. Overall mean conception date for wild populations in Mississippi was 1 January with a standard deviation of 13.4 days and a mean range of 46 days. Annual population mean conception date had a standard deviation of 4 days and a range of 12 days. Moon phase did not predict accurately conception date for individuals or populations of deer. Body condition did not influence conception date at the population level. Individual females 2.5 years old bred earlier than females 1.5 and 3.5 years old; however, the difference was minimal and may have been influenced by the mean gestation used to determine conception date. When scheduling recreational hunting opportunities relative to population breeding dates, managers should rely on local reproductive data and should not rely on predictions based on moon schedules. Further assessment of the individual variation in conception date and potential environmental cues is warranted. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Nonlinear Growth Curves in Developmental Research

Developmentalists are often interested in understanding change processes, and growth models are the most common analytic tool for examining such processes. Nonlinear growth curves are especially valuable to developmentalists because the defining characteristics of the growth process such as initial levels, rates of change during growth spurts, and asymptotic levels can be estimated. A variety of growth models are described beginning with the linear growth model and moving to nonlinear models of varying complexity. A detailed discussion of nonlinear models is provided, highlighting the added insights into complex developmental processes associated with their use. A collection of growth models are fit to repeated measures of height from participants of the Berkeley Growth and Guidance Studies from early childhood through adulthood.
Measurement of the Aerosol Phase Function at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abstract Air fluorescence detectors measure the energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays by collecting fluorescence light emitted from nitrogen molecules along the extensive air shower cascade. To ensure a reliable energy determination, the light signal needs to be corrected for atmospheric effects, which not only attenuate the signal, but also produce a non-negligible background component due to scattered Cherenkov light and multiple-scattered light. The correction requires regular measurements of the aerosol attenuation length and the aerosol phase function, defined as the probability of light scattered in a given direction. At the Pierre Auger Observatory in Malargue, Argentina, the phase function is measured on an hourly basis using two aerosol phase function (APF) light sources. These sources direct a UV light beam across the field of view of the fluorescence detectors; the phase function can be extracted from the image of the shots in the fluorescence detector cameras. This paper describes the design, current status, standard operation procedure, and performance of the APF system at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
PTEN Deficiency in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinomas Predicts Sensitivity to PARP Inhibitors

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) loss of function is the most common genetic aberration in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. In addition to its well-described role in cell signaling, PTEN is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. Loss of PTEN function causes defects in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and, therefore, sensitizes cells to inhibition of the poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP). Here, we determined the PTEN status of eight endometrioid endometrial carcinoma cell lines and correlated it with in vitro sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor KU0058948. PTEN-deficient cells showed a significantly greater sensitivity to KU0058948 than the two endometrioid endometrial carcinoma cell lines with wild-type PTEN. The cell lines lacking PTEN expression were unable to elicit a homologous recombination damage response as assayed by RAD51 focus function (a marker of competent homologous recombination DNA repair) upon irradiation and treatment with PARP inhibitors. PTEN silencing in PTEN wild-type Hec-1b cells resulted in reduced RAD51 foci formation after DNA damage and increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. PTEN reexpression in PTEN-null cell lines resulted in enhanced RAD51 foci formation and in relative resistance to KU0058948. Given that up to 80% of endometrioid endometrial cancers lack PTEN expression, our results suggest that PARP inhibitors may be therapeutically useful for a subset of endometrioid endometrial cancers.
Generalized periodic surface model and its application in designing fibrous porous media

Purpose – Fibrous porous media have a wide variety of applications in insulation, filtration, acoustics, sensing, and actuation. To design such materials, computational modeling methods are needed to engineer the properties systematically. There is a lack of efficient approaches to build and modify those complex structures in computers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors generalize a previously developed periodic surface (PS) model so that the detailed shapes of fibers in porous media can be modeled. Because of its periodic and implicit nature, the generalized PS model is able to efficiently construct the three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) of randomly distributed fibers. A physics-based empirical force field method is also developed to model the fiber bending and deformation. Findings – Integrated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tools, the proposed approach enables simulation-based design of fibrous porous me...
Glial Cell Inhibition of Neurons by Release of ATP

ATP is released by neurons and functions as a neurotransmitter and modulator in the CNS. Here I show that ATP released from glial cells can also serve as a potent neuromodulator, inhibiting neurons in the retina of the rat. Activation of glial cells by focal ejection of ATP, ATPγS, dopamine, thrombin, or lysophosphatidic acid or by mechanical stimulation evoked hyperpolarizing responses and outward currents in a subset of retinal ganglion cells by increasing a Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance in the neurons. This glia-evoked inhibition reduced the firing rate of those neurons that displayed spontaneous spike activity. The inhibition was abolished by the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine) (10 nm) and was reduced by the ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL-67156 (6-N,N-diethyl-d-β,γ-dibromomethyleneATP) (50 μm) and by the ectonucleotidase inhibitor AOPCP [adenosine-5′-O-(α,β-methylene)-diphosphonate] (250 μm). Selective activation of retinal glial cells demonstrated that Muller cells, but not astrocytes, mediate the inhibition. ATP release from Muller cells into the inner plexiform layer of the retina was shown using the luciferin–luciferase chemiluminescence assay. These findings demonstrate that activated glial cells can inhibit neurons in the retina by the release of ATP, which is converted to adenosine by ectoenzymes and subsequently activates neuronal adenosine receptors. The results lend support to the hypothesis that glial cells play an active role in information processing in the CNS.
Challenges for philanthropy and tobacco control in China (1986–2012)

Objective To identify the international philanthropies that have invested in tobacco control in China, describe their role and strategies in changing the social norms of tobacco use, and define the outcomes achieved. Methods Information on the international philanthropic donor China projects, including activities and outcomes, was gathered from multiple sources including organisational websites, key informant interviews and emails with project officers, and published research papers and reports. Results Philanthropic donations to China9s tobacco control efforts began in 1986. The donors provided funds to national, city, provincial government organisations, non-government organisations, universities, and healthcare organisations throughout China to establish a tobacco control workforce and effective programmes to reduce the burden of tobacco use. Conclusions International engagement has been an important dimension of tobacco control in China. Recognising the large burden of illness and capitalising on proven effective control measures, philanthropic organisations understandably seized the opportunity to achieve major health gains. Much of the international philanthropic investment has been directed at public information, policy change and building the Chinese research knowledge base. Documenting research and evaluation findings will continue to be important to ensure that promising practices and lessons learned are identified and shared with the China tobacco control practitioners. The ultimate question is whether foreign philanthropy is making a difference in tobacco control and changing social norms in China? The answer is plainly and simply that we do not know; the evidence is not yet available.
Novel heterojunction real-space transfer logic transistor structures: a model-based investigation

Ensemble Monte Carlo simulations are employed in order to explore the feasibility of a novel real-space transfer logic transistor (RSTLT) structure. The operational principles of the proposed RSTLT are based on the concept of hot electron real-space transfer (RST), including the fact that the spatial location of electron RST is determined by applied bias and heterointerface energy barrier height in a multiterminal heterojunction microstructure. The results of two-dimensional, self-consistent steady-state and transient simulations demonstrate that the proposed RSTLT features ultrafast current switching which can be used to realize NOT/EQUIVALENT logic functions in a single heterojunction device. The logic operation is easily extended to NOR/AND functions. A conservative estimate of the characteristic delay time for current switching is approximately 3 ps in the proposed RSTLT structure. >
Intercultural Communication In Global Business: An Analysis Of Benefits And Challenges

The twenty-first century business environment is expanding and increasingly attracting the interest of countries from developed and developing nations of the world. As countries of the world become increasingly interdependent and interconnected because of global market and diverse consumer needs, it is critically important that participating countries and their organizations understand and appreciate one another’s cultural differences in order to ensure growth and sustainability in international business. Recent studies have traced the failure of some international business ventures to three significant factors: lack of intercultural skills and competence, inability to communicate effectively at a global level, and failure to practice acceptable etiquette in business negotiations. Therefore, businesses from different countries need to appreciate the importance of understanding the cultures and values of their counterparts as well as develop intercultural communication sensitivity and decorum. This paper then is an attempt toward analyzing the significance and role of intercultural communication and etiquette in international business. Recommendations for appropriate practices and acceptable conducts among nations are provided.
Ripple: An Event Driven Design Representation Framework for Integrating Usability and Software Engineering Life Cycles

Ripple is a database-centered, event-triggered, shared design representation framework that provides a development infrastructure within which the usability engineering and software engineering life cycles co-exist in cooperative and complementary roles. Ripple identifies connections and dependencies within each life cycle and between the two life cycles and provides a framework to represent artefacts generated at each stage of the two development life cycles. Our approach to integrating these two development life cycles does not merge them into a single life cycle; rather it coordinates each life cycle’s activities, timing, scope, and goals using a shared design representation and management for the two life cycles. Ripple incorporates techniques to accommodate communication about design insights and change. In response to design changes by either the interface or software side, Ripple sends possibly cascading messages (ripples) to inform developers on both sides, asking them to satisfy associated constraints (dependencies, relationships) affecting related other parts of the overall design. We describe the motivation, barriers, rationale, arguments, and implementation plan for the need, specification, and potential contributions of such an integrated design representation framework. We provide a high level description of this design representation framework and conclude with the usefulness and potential shortcomings of this approach.
Bandgap engineering of Fe2O3 with Cr – application to photoelectrochemical oxidation

Hematite is a promising material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. While it has a low bandgap of ∼2.1 eV it is still larger than the optimal value of ∼1.8 eV. Previous work on epitaxial films has shown that Cr-doping leads to a shift of the bandgap as measured optically, but more importantly, also as measured by photoconductivity - to a value as low as 1.6 eV. We extend this work to polycrystalline films and attempt to use Cr-doping to lower the photon energy for which photocurrent can be generated. Our polycrystalline films show strong agreement with epitaxial films with regards to optical measurements of the direct and indirect bandgap. Furthermore, we find that Cr-doped polycrystalline films show photoconductivity at notably lower photon energies than undoped films, consistent with epitaxial results. However, when using Cr-doped films for photoelectrochemistry we find little to no shift of the photocurrent onset. We outline a number of proposals for why this could be the case, with a focus on the possibility of the existence of separate O 2p and Cr 3d states that would impact PEC but not PC behaviour.
Socio-spatial differentiation in the Sustainable City: A mixed-methods assessment of residential gardens in metropolitan Portland, Oregon, USA

As cities take center stage in developing and brokering strategies for sustainability, examining the uneven distribution of green infrastructure is crucial. Urban agriculture (UA) has gained a prominent role in urban greening and food system diversification strategies alike. Despite that it is the preeminent form of food production in North American cities, residential gardening has received little scholarly attention. Moreover, research on the intra-urban variability of home gardens is sparse. In this paper, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess the scale and scope of residential gardens in Portland, Oregon, a metropolitan region renowned for its innovations in sustainability. Using a combination of mapping, spatial regression, and a mail survey, we compare residential UA and the characteristics and motivations of gardeners in two socioeconomically differentiated areas of Portland and one of its major suburbs. Results demonstrate that engagement in UA is differentiated along both spatial and socioeconomic lines, with more educated respondents engaging for environmental reasons and more lowincome respondents relying on their gardens for food security. We contextualize our findings within broader urban processes, e.g. reinvestment in the urban core and displacement of poverty to the periphery. For policymakers, our results suggest the need for sustainability messaging that is sensitive to a variety of motivations and that resonates with a diverse population. For a city to reach a broader population, it may need to reframe its sustainability goals in new ways, while attending to the structural constraints to food access that cannot be resolved through local food production alone.
Guanine nucleotide transport by atractyloside-sensitive and -insensitive carriers in isolated heart mitochondria.

In previous work (McKee EE, Bentley AT, Smith RM Jr, and Ciaccio CE,Biochem Biophys Res Commun 257: 466–472, 1999), the transport of guanine nucleotides into the matrix of intact isolated heart mit...
Optimizing the Performance of Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Traversing Group 16

Conjugated polymers are organic semiconductors that have emerged over the past few decades as promising alternatives to inorganic semiconductors for use in a range of electronic applications. Since the performance of these materials in various devices is dependent on many variables, there have been numerous reports on the design and synthesis of novel materials. In this Perspective, we focus specifically on the use of heteroatom substitution to tune the properties of conjugated polymers. This strategy is very promising as the subtle modification in the polymer’s structure can often result in significant changes in the optical and electronic properties of the materials. Given the current interest in renewable energy, we are highlighting the impact these modifications have on the performance of these conjugated polymers in photovoltaic cells. Based on the popularity of thiophene-based conjugated polymers, the focus of this work is the group 16 elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. In recent year...
Measurement and scaling of hydrodynamic interactions in the presence of draining channels.

Central to the adhesion and locomotion of tree frogs are their structured toe pads, which consist of an array of 10 μm hexagonal epithelial cells separated by interconnected channels that are 1 μm wide and 10 μm deep. It has been proposed that the channels facilitate the drainage of excess fluid trapped between the toe pads and the contacting surface, and thus reduce the hydrodynamic repulsion during approach. We performed direct force measurement of the normal hydrodynamic interactions during the drainage of fluid from the gap between a structured and a smooth surface using surface force apparatus. The structured surface consisted of a hexagonal array of cylindrical posts to represent the network of interconnected channels. The measured hydrodynamic drainage forces agree with the predictions from Reynolds’ theory for smooth surfaces at large separations. Deviations from theory, characterized by a reduction in the hydrodynamic repulsion, are observed below some critical separation (hc), which is independe...
To make or buy patient safety solutions: a resource dependence and transaction cost economics perspective.

Background:For almost a decade, public and private organizations have pressured hospitals to improve their patient safety records. Since 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has no longer been reimbursing hospitals for secondary diagnoses not reported during the point of admission. Thi
Working Through Hunter S. Thompson's Strange and Terrible Saga

The subjective and participatory method of New Journalism provides practitioner Hunter S. Thompson access to the kinds of creative, cultural entrepreneurship seen in postwar American narratives. In his reported and written “work,” Thompson not only self-consciously performs class personas, but markets those identities as a model of enterprise through creative economy. Thompson’s critical perspective and status position approximates what sociologists call a “cultural omnivore,” someone who consumes all forms of culture, but who reproduces a position of privilege in doing so. In Hell’s Angels (1966), Thompson uses the privilege granted by omnivoracity to transform the limitations of the worker-writer into a commodifiable and safe identity that can access and reign over other social groups. By prioritizing his status as “pro,” Thompson manipulates the symbolic and cultural capital of class identity, providing himself an opportunity to feature individual over collective politics. Yet to accomplish this, Thompson relies on representing—and exploiting—the working class. Thompson exemplifies the class performative aspect of a working persona that is able to attain cultural domination through the manipulation of working-class identities in literary markets.
Anti-Leukemic Activity Is Increased with Low Dose Busulfan and Irradiation: A Preclinical Model

Abstract 4696 Combinations of busulfan (Bu) and low dose total body irradiation are commonly used in conditioning regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplant in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study we tested the in vitro effect of physiologic doses of Bu and ionizing radiation (IR) to address the question whether additive or synergistic antileukemic activity can be demonstrated in two leukemic cell lines, one sensitive (HL60) and one resistant (K562) to radiation. Cells were treated for 24 hours with Bu at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 200 μ g/ml, or IR at 1.5, 3 or 6 Gy, or a combination of both with 12.5 or 25 μ g/ml for 24 hours, followed by IR at 1.5 or 3Gy. Cells were then tested for proliferation by thymidine uptake, apoptosis by surface expression of annexin V and caspase 3, and in-vitro colony formation assays. Exposure to Bu or IR for 24, 48 and 72 hours induced a dose dependent inhibition of proliferation and colony formation in both cell lines. However, 3 or 6 Gy of IR were both very effective against HL60 cells whereas a significant increase in cytotoxicity in K562 cells was observed only by using 6Gy (p=0.008). In-vitro treatment with either Bu or IR caused apoptotic cell death mainly in HL60 cells, but in a very limited amount in K562 cells. To test the effect of the combination of Bu and IR we utilized a low dose of Bu for 24 hours with low doses of radiation. HL60 cells were strongly inhibited by both agents when separate or combined. In contrast, treatment of the relatively radio-resistant K562 cells with low dose IR (3Gy) alone inhibited colony formation by 28%. The inhibitory effect increased to 84% when combined with low dose Bu. In order to identify genes associated with a response to Bu, we formed a linear regression model controlled for cancer type and also leukemic cell lines using GI50 and Stanford cDNA array data from the NCI-60. Among 7 genes (p<0.001 and FDR ∼50%) that were identified for all cancers, CLK-2 was also shown to correlate with response to Bu in leukemic cell lines (p=0.047). We then tested how these significant genes performed in the Affymetric U133 plus 2.0 platform. Six other genes (ERC2, HCLS1, CD74, KCNH2, HLADQB2, CD53) were significantly associated with response to Bu (p<0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated an additive effect of Bu and low dose IR even on radioresistant leukemic cells. These findings prompted the design of a clinical trial with IV Bu and marrow irradiation in the conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant for acute leukemia. Expression of genes correlating with response to Bu may represent a novel biomarker to predict the outcome of leukemic patients undergoing stem cell transplant and could lead to a personalized anti-leukemic therapy with Bu. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A geographically resolved method to estimate levelized power plant costs with environmental externalities

In this analysis we developed and applied a geographically-resolved method to calculate the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of new power plants on a county-by-county basis while including estimates of some environmental externalities. We calculated the LCOE for each county of the contiguous United States for 12 power plant technologies. The minimum LCOE option for each county varies based on local conditions, capital and fuel costs, environmental externalities, and resource availability. We considered ten scenarios that vary input assumptions. We present the results in a map format to facilitate comparisons by fuel, technology, and location. For our reference analysis, which includes a cost of $62/tCO2 for CO2 emissions natural gas combined cycle, wind, and nuclear are most often the lowest-LCOE option. While the average cost increases when internalizing the environmental externalities (carbon and air pollutants) is small for some technologies, the local cost differences are as high as $0.62/kWh for coal (under our reference analysis). These results display format, and online tools could serve as an educational tool for stakeholders when considering which technologies might or might not be a good fit for a given locality subject to system integration considerations.
You Are Not a Muslim: Ahmadiyya Exclusion and Sharia Interpretation in Pakistan

Malik investigates the status of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, a revivalist Islamic community deemed heretical and non-Muslim by the Pakistani constitution. Via discourse analysis the author examines Pakistan’s second constitutional amendment, declaring Ahmadis as non-Muslim, and Ordinance XX of 1984, with special emphasis on the denial of Ahmadi’s self-identification as Muslims. This discourse analysis is supported by ethnographic accounts of first- and second-generation American Ahmadi Muslims of Pakistani origin, demonstrating the far-reaching and residual effects of Sharia production in Pakistan as it continues to impact those outside of the borders of Pakistan. American Ahmadi Muslim transnationals continue to work and negotiate their identities, reconciling narratives of “looking back” to the persecution in Pakistan and “looking forward” to establishing their place in the United States.
Analytical model-based design optimization of a transverse flux machine

This paper proposes an analytical machine design tool using magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC)-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for a double-sided, flux-concentrating transverse flux machine (TFM). The magnetic equivalent circuit method is applied to analytically establish the relationship between the design objective and the input variables of prospective TFM designs. This is computationally less intensive and more time efficient than finite element solvers. A PSO algorithm is then used to design a machine with the highest torque density within the specified power range along with some geometric design constraints. The stator pole length, magnet length, and rotor thickness are the variables that define the optimization search space. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to verify the performance of the MEC-PSO optimized machine. The proposed analytical design tool helps save computation time by at least 50% when compared to commercial FEA-based optimization programs, with results found to be in agreement with less than 5% error.
An Investigative Study of Perceptual Mismatches Proposed by Kumaravadivelu in Postmethod Pedagogy

Human ideas, conversations and interactions have a huge potential to contain ambiguities and mismatches not only in everyday life, but also in language classrooms where everyday teaching is bound to have exceptions and mismatches. In the 21 st century language classrooms, there have always been contradictions between the learner’s understanding of the content and the teacher’s perception of teaching the content It is an everyday challenge for teachers to make classroom teaching innovative and interesting. The reason is that learners do not look at the monotonous classroom teaching as a potential learning event. Successful learning in the classroom happens only when the teacher’s intention of teaching a given task matches with the learner’s proper interpretation of it. Any kind of difficulty in understanding teacher’s intentions becomes learner’s potential mismatches.
HELP: A Medical Information System with Decision Making Capability

HELP is a medical information system which is routinely used to collect and review patient data, to provide financial, administrative and management information and to produce computer generated medical decisions. Although the HELP system was developed at the LDS Hospital and University of Utah in Salt Lake City, it has now been successfully transported to other institutions. The system (see figure) consists of three main components: 1. A comprehensive clinical database for all patients in the hospital. 2. A separate, modular medical knowledge base which contains criteria necessary to make specific medical decisions (alerts, interpretations, diagnoses, or therapeutic suggestions). 3. The HELP interpreter. This module provides the control function to decide which logic modules should get evaluated and then evaluates the appropriate medical logic. In the following sections, each of these coirponents will be described in greater detail.
Replication in Imaging Genetics: The Case of Threat-Related Amygdala Reactivity.

Abstract Background Low replication rates are a concern in most, if not all, scientific disciplines. In psychiatric genetics specifically, targeting intermediate brain phenotypes, which are more closely associated with putative genetic effects, was touted as a strategy leading to increased power and replicability. In the current study, we attempted to replicate previously published associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and threat-related amygdala reactivity, which represents a robust brain phenotype not only implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple disorders, but also used as a biomarker of future risk. Methods We conducted a literature search for published associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and threat-related amygdala reactivity and found 37 unique findings. Our replication sample consisted of 1117 young adult volunteers (629 women, mean age 19.72 ± 1.25 years) for whom both genetic and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available. Results Of the 37 unique associations identified, only three replicated as previously reported. When exploratory analyses were conducted with different model parameters compared to the original findings, significant associations were identified for 28 additional studies: eight of these were for a different contrast/laterality; five for a different gender and/or race/ethnicity; and 15 in the opposite direction and for a different contrast, laterality, gender, and/or race/ethnicity. No significant associations, regardless of model parameters, were detected for six studies. Notably, none of the significant associations survived correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions We discuss these patterns of poor replication with regard to the general strategy of targeting intermediate brain phenotypes in genetic association studies and the growing importance of advancing the replicability of imaging genetics findings.
Uptake of tetracycline by Escherichia coli: Lack of binding of tetracycline to the uptake system

Tetracycline is accumulated by E. coli in an energy dependent process. Study of tetracycline uptake at various tetracycline concentrations and attempts to demonstrate competitive inhibition of tetracycline uptake by chlortetracycline failed to provide evidence for a carrier system.
A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of a Probiotic Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Non-Scalp Psoriasis

BackgroundThe cellular immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The digestive system (by virtue of the profile, number and species of bacteria present at any given ti...
Dynamical Symmetries of Relativistic Two-and Many Body Systems

The great success of nonrelativistic many body theory based on the Schrodinger equation in configuration space and the symmetries we have learned from it can be extended to a nonperturbative covariant many-body equation derived from field theory by a variational principle.
The Social Semantic Web

Nowadays the Web is omnipresent, reaching into almost everyone’s life. More and more Web users do not switch off their devices all the time, continuously receiving and sending messages, frequently looking for information, now and then evaluating this information, and so on. The means to reach the Web do thereby not stop at personal computers, but increasingly also include mobile devices. More and more users are sharing information online, are working collaboratively on a topic, as well as maintaining their relationship in the Web (Alby, 2008). All of this is so pervasive that it feels absolutely natural. Consequently it is not surprising that topics related to the Social Web are experiencing a surge of interest, both from the scientific community as well as the industry. However, apart from this and maybe also apart from the public perception, a complementary technological revolution takes place—the rising adaption of Semantic Web technologies. The Semantic Web is a vision that the present Web will eventually include the notion of meaning and become a metadata-rich Web where presently human-readable content will contain computer-understandable semantics (Berners-Lee, Hendler, & Lassila, 2001).
Scaling oscillatory platform frequency reveals recurrence of intermittent postural attractor states

The study of postural control has been dominated by experiments on the maintenance of quiet upright standing balance on flat stationary support surfaces that reveal only limited modes of potential configurations of balance stability/instability. Here we examine the self-organization properties of postural coordination as revealed in a dynamic balance task with a moving platform. We scaled a control parameter (platform frequency) to investigate the evolving nature of the coupled oscillator dynamics between center of mass (CoM) and platform. Recurrent map measures were used to reveal whether episodic postural control strategies exist that can be scaled by systematically changing the magnitude of platform motion. The findings showed that at higher platform frequencies (1.2 Hz), the CoM-Platform coupling was less deterministic than lower platform frequencies and evolved to intermittent postural control strategies that oscillated between periodic-chaotic transitions to maintain upright postural balance. Collectively, the recurrence map measures indicated that quasi-static postural attractor states were progressively emerging to the changing task constraints of platform frequency in the maintenance of postural stability. It appears that several dynamic modes of intermittent coupling in postural control can interchangeably co-exist and are expressed as a function of the control parameter of platform frequency.
Temporal Spam Identification: A Multifaceted Approach to Identifying Review Spam

A variety of machine-learning techniques have been proposed, over the last decade, to build spam identification models. However, most of these models depend entirely on the extracted features and perform more efficiently when used by large datasets. This paper proposes a temporal spam identification algorithm, which makes use of time series, to filter suspicious reviews from a Yelp review dataset. Based on those labelled suspicious reviews, this algorithm employs feature-engineering techniques. We use a combination of behavioral, review-centric features and word and character n-grams. We classify spam and ham reviews, by using a support vector machine. The proposed method can be used in real-time spam detection systems. A comparison with two other approaches indicates that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves a higher accuracy (94%). Our proposed algorithm reduces the scope of searching, and huge computations, required for spam detection in large datasets.
Characterization of 3-D Printed Flexible Heterogeneous Substrate Designs for Wearable Antennas

This paper presents a novel and scalable approach to realizing 3-D printed flexible substrates for wearable antennas with customizable gain and bandwidth. The heterogeneous substrate designs presented are printed with a dual-extrusion fused deposition modeling printer consisting of a combination of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) tiles surrounded with flexible NinjaFlex (NF). The impact of combining these two materials with similar electric permittivty is a distribution of loss tangent in the substrate, which controls its RF performance while maintaining the flexibility. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, three flexible 3-D printed microstrip patch antenna prototypes are designed, realized, and measured at 2.4 GHz, where the RF performance is characterized with different curvatures. The predicted and experimental results were observed to be in good agreement. All three designs show antenna performance stability with curvature, and a resonant frequency shifts less than 1.4%. Increases of up to 250% in gain or 400% in bandwidth were observed with varying ABS to NF percentage area. Furthermore, these flexible antenna designs are tested with human body contact for wearable applications, and the measured RF performance remains stable. This heterogeneous substrate design approach using an array of arbitrarily shaped tiles is scalable, simple, and can be implemented in a variety of RF design applications for flexibility.
Diagnostic Testing for Patients with Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Initial evaluation for GI bleeding requires a complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel (CMP), coagulation tests, a type and screen, and a serum lactate level. For suspected or possible upper GI bleed cases, an urgent endoscopy should be performed within the first 24 h of admission. For unstable lower GI bleed patients, interventional radiography and/ or surgery should be consulted in the ED. Additional interventions like tagged red blood cell scans may be part of the emergency department workup in some cases. Video capsule endoscopy has shown potential to risk stratify patients in the ED.
Electrical Switching of Tristate Antiferromagnetic Néel Order in α -Fe 2 O 3 Epitaxial Films

We demonstrate nondecaying, steplike electrical switching of tristate N\'eel order in $\mathrm{Pt}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayers detected by the spin-Hall induced anomalous Hall effect. The as-grown $\mathrm{Pt}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayers exhibit sawtooth switching behavior generated by current pulses. After annealing by a high pulse current, the Hall signals reveal single-pulse saturated, nondecaying, steplike switching. Together with control experiments, we show that the sawtooth switching is due to an artifact of Pt while the actual spin-orbit torque induced antiferromagnetic switching is steplike. Our Monte Carlo simulations explain the switching behavior of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ N\'eel order among three in-plane easy axes.