cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL CONFINEMENT OF A BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been confined in an optical dipole trap using a single focused infrared laser beam. This eliminates the restrictions of magnetic traps for further studies of atom lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates. More than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ condensed atoms were transferred into the optical trap. Densities of up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ of Bose condensed atoms were obtained, allowing for a measurement of the three-body loss rate constant for sodium condensates as ${K}_{3}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.1(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}30}{\mathrm{cm}}^{6}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. At lower densities, the observed $1/e$ lifetime was longer than 10 s. Simultaneous confinement of Bose-Einstein condensates in several hyperfine states was demonstrated.
A model for a continuous-wave iodine laser

A model for a continuous-wave (CW) iodine laser has been developed and compared with the experimental results obtained from a solar-simulator-pumped CW iodine laser. The agreement between the calculated laser power output and the experimental results is generally good for various laser parameters even when the model includes only prominent rate coefficients. The flow velocity dependence of the output power shows that the CW iodine laser cannot be achieved with a flow velocity below 1 m/s for the present solar-simulator-pumped CW iodine laser system.
Numerical simulation of ion acoustic turbulence

Extensive simulation studies of ion acoustic turbulence carried out at the Max Planck Institute and at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are compared. Simulations of theB=0 case carried out at the two laboratories agree when the Sagdeev scaling law without theTe/Ti dependence is used to compare them. Typical results are shown. The level of turbulence is found to be quite high in spite of the low anomalous collision frequency. The role of the “differential drift” distribution in these simulations is discussed extensively.
The New Bedford Harbor Superfund site long-term monitoring program (1993–2009)

New Bedford Harbor (NBH), located in southeastern Massachusetts, was designated as a marine Superfund site in 1983 due to sediment contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Based on risks to human health and the environment, the first two phases of the site cleanup involved dredging PCB-contaminated sediments from the harbor. Therefore, a long-term monitoring program (LTM) was developed to measure spatial and temporal chemical and biological changes in sediment, water, and biota to assess the effects and effectiveness of the remedial activities. A systematic, probabilistic sampling design was used to select sediment sampling stations. This unbiased design allowed the three segments of the harbor to be compared spatially and temporally to quantify changes resulting from dredging the contaminated sediments. Sediment was collected at each station, and chemical (e.g., PCBs and metals), physical (e.g., grain size), and biological (e.g., benthic community) measurements were conducted on all samples. This paper describes the overall NBH-LTM approach and the results from the five rounds of sample collections. There is a decreasing spatial gradient in sediment PCB concentrations from the northern boundary (upper harbor) to the southern boundary (outer harbor) of the site. Along this same transect, there is an increase in biological condition (e.g., benthic community diversity). Temporally, the contaminant and biological gradients have been maintained since the 1993 baseline collection; however, since the onset of full-scale remediation, PCB concentrations have decreased throughout the site, and one of the benthic community indices has shown significant improvement in the lower and outer harbor areas.
Renal Reabsorptive Capacity for α2u-Globulin in the Adult Male Rat

AbstractAdult male rats were maintained on 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% casein diets to produce a series of animals having serum α2u-globulin levels varying linearly from a normal of 31 μg/ml to a minimum of 13 μg/ml. In this way, it was possible to titrate endogenously the renal reabsorption and urinary excretion of this low molecular weight protein. The average maximal reabsorption rate (Tm) was established to be 9.7 μg/min and was reached at a renal filtered load (Fα2u) of 13.6 μg/min. These data were expressed in terms of a Tm:Fα2u ratio of 0.71. Below this value, the reabsorption declined from 70% to 50% of the Fα2u. Above 0.71, where Fα2u is less than the Tm, the reabsorption increased to 80–90%. It was observed that the fractional renal uptake of the α2u-globulin varied linearly with the filtered load.
Some Optical Properties of Lead-Activated Sodium Chloride Phosphors

Absorption and luminescence phenomena in NaCl:Pb phosphors have been found to be rather complex. Melt-grown NaCl:Pb has an asymmetrical, 2730A-peaked absorption band. The variation of emission spectrum with wave-length of excitation within this band shows that it consists of two poorly resolved absorption bands, one peaking at 2730A and the other at 2900A. At low Pb concentrations, irradiation into the first of these causes a near-ultraviolet emission peaking at 3200A; irradiation into the second causes a visible emission peaking at about 4500A. At high Pb concentrations, irradiation into the first band gives a second near-ultraviolet emission band peaking at 3850A in addition to the one peaking at 3200A. Precipitated NaCl:Pb shows all the above phenomena, and in addition, has an excitation band peaking at 2600A, producing simultaneously a 3300A-peaked emission and a visible emission. The NaCl:Pb phosphors are unstable, deteriorating after a few days at room temperature and more rapidly at 130°. X-irradiation of these phosphors destroys the above absorption and emissions, and gives a print-out effect due apparently to the formation of colloidal Pb. The x-rayed material can be excited by near ultraviolet to give a red emission, peaking at about 6100A. Some suggestions concerning the interpretation of the above phenomena are given.
Rotating disk voltammetric measurements in neurobiology and neuropharmacology

In the first application we show that the method can be used to study direct chemical interactions between dopamine and neurotensin. In the second application we illustrate how the technique can be used to make rapid, time resolved measurements of the release of endogenous dopamine from brain tissue
Application of advanced in silico methods for predictive modeling and information integration.

Introduction: In silico predictive methods are well-known tools to the drug discovery process. In recent years, these tools have become of strategic interest to regulatory authorities to support risk-based approaches and to complement, and potentially strengthen evidence when considering product quality and safety of human pharmaceuticals. Areas covered: This editorial reviews how chemically intelligent systems and computational models using structure-based assessments are important for providing predictive data on drug toxicity and safety liabilities considered at the FDA. The example of regulatory interest in application of in silico systems for mutagenicity predictions of drug impurities is discussed. Expert opinion: The importance of information integration is emphasized toward the application of in silico predictive methods and enhancing data mining capabilities for safety signal detection. Modeling for cardiovascular drug safety based on human clinical trial data is one area of active testing of pre...
What's Left Behind When the Party's Over: Survey Experiments on the Effects of Partisan Cues in Putin's Russia

We consider the question of whether Russia's greatly weakened political parties might continue to exert an influence on public opinion in twenty-first century Russia. To do so, we carried out a series of survey-based experiments in Moscow in the spring of 2006. We present evidence showing that partisan cues increase support for public policy proposals and make it more likely that respondents will adopt a position on an issue that mirrors their party's preferred position (“opinion taking”), as well as increase the likelihood that respondents will adopt a position on a given issue at all (“opinion giving”). We also present evidence that party cues can sway the opinions of nonpartisans, though such influence may be limited to cases when the position of a party constitutes an unusually informative or credible signal. The findings should be of interest to those concerned with Russia's post-communist political development, those interested more broadly in the effects of partisan cues on political behavior, as well as to scholars trying to characterize the nature of “competitive authoritarian” regimes. Consideramos la cuestion de si partidos politicos fuertemente debilitados, como es el caso de los partidos rusos, podrian continuar influyendo la opinion publica en la Rusia del siglo XXI. Para responder esto llevamos a cabo una serie de investigaciones basadas en encuestas realizadas en Moscu en la primavera de 2006. Presentamos evidencia que demuestra que las pautas partidistas incrementan el apoyo del publico a sus propuestas de politicas y hacen mas probable que un encuestado conozca la preferencia del partido e incluso la llegue a asumir como suya (“tomando opinion”), asi como que incremente la posibilidad de que ellos adopten una determinada posicion sobre un determinado topico (“dando opinion”). Tambien presentamos evidencia que las pautas del partido pueden producir cambios de opinion, aunque dicha influencia puede estar limitada a casos donde la posicion del partido constituye una senal inusualmente informativa o creible. Los resultados seran de interes para aquellos preocupados por el desarrollo politico de Rusia post-comunista, aquellos interesados mas ampliamente en los efectos de las pautas partidistas en el comportamiento politico, asi como para los academicos que buscan precisar las caracteristicas de los regimenes “autoritarios competitivos.”
Influence of level of adrenal cortical steroids on sensitivity of mice to X irradiation.

SummaryThe experiments cited indicate that the radiosensitivity of intact or adrenalectomized mice, with or without exogenous adrenal cortical steroids, is similar.
Biology Of Aortic Aneurysms And Dissections

The biology of aortic aneurysm and dissection has evolved to where we now understand the genetic implications of changes in extracellular matrix proteins, smooth muscle cells, and growth factors and how they affect aortic wall homeostasis. These predeterminants are influenced by smoking, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, and the result is an inflammatory response coupled to an accelerated proteolytic cascade that disrupts both elastin and collagen in the aortic wall.
Micropneumatic Digital Logic Structures for Integrated Microdevice Computation and Control

It is shown that microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane membrane valve structures can be configured to function as transistors in pneumatic digital logic circuits. Using the analogy with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor circuits, networks of pneumatically actuated microvalves are designed to produce pneumatic digital logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and XOR). These logic gates are combined to form 4- and 8-bit ripple-carry adders as a demonstration of their universal pneumatic computing capabilities. Signal propagation through these pneumatic circuits is characterized, and an amplifier circuit is demonstrated for improved signal transduction. Propagation of pneumatic carry information through the 8-bit adder is complete within 1.1 s, demonstrating the feasibility of integrated temporal control of pneumatic actuation systems. Integrated pneumatic logical systems reduce the number of off-chip controllers required for lab-on-a-chip and microelectromechanical system devices, allowing greater complexity and portability. This technology also enables the development of digital pneumatic computing and logic systems that are immune to electromagnetic interference.
Synthesis of Symmetrical TEM-Mode Directional Couplers

Exact synthesis procedures are derived for symmetrical three-section and five-section TEM-mode directional couplers. These synthesis procedures are based on the equivalence between the theory of directional couplers and stepped quarter-wavelength filters as previously described by Levy and Young. Explicit formulas for the parameters of three-section couplers are presented. A realizable insertion-loss function is derived for the five-section coupler resulting in an equal-ripple response. Although this function has an equal-ripple characteristic, it is not expressible in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Results obtained for the five-section coupler show considerable improvement in bandwidth over a three-section coupler. For example, a five-section coupler of -3 /spl plus mn/ 0.5 dB has a bandwidth of 9.6:1 as compared with 5.8:1 for a three-section coupler of -3 /spl plus mn/0.5 dB. A five-section coupler of -10 /spl plus mn/ 0.5 dB was designed on this theoretical basis for the 555-4000 Mc band, and the measured shows good agreement with the theoretical coupling sponse, yielding a minimum directivity of 18.0 dB at 3.7 Gc.
Ultrafast spin phenomena in highly excited n-doped GaAs

We perform time-resolved Faraday rotation experiments on undoped and n-doped GaAs samples at high optical excitation densities. The Faraday rotation signal linearly increases with optical excitation density. The excitation dependence of the electron g-factor shows that many-body effects strongly affect spin phenomena in semiconductors.
Phyllochron Change in Winter Wheat with Planting Date and Environmental Changes

The phyllochron (degree-days/leaf) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differs with planting dates and latitudes. An understanding of the causes for these differences is needed to model the development of wheat crop canopies. Stephens and Yamhill winter wheat cultivars were planted on a range of dates in outdoor pots and in field plantings to study the relationship of phyllochron to the daylength and mean air temperature at seedling emergence. Both cultivars had a nearly constant phyllochron for a given planting in both pot and field plantings until 600 cumulated degree-days (CDD), which was about the time of double ridge formation. Phyllochron values were different, however, for the different planting dates. At about 600 CDD the phyllochron increased in 18 of 20 cultivar-planting date combinations. Fifty to 60% of the variation in phyllochron prior to double ridge formation could be normalized by either the thermo/photo ratio at seedling emergence (mean temperature to photoperiod) or by the rate of change of photoperiod. These two methods have been suggested previously to normalize phyllochron for differences due to different planting dates. After 600 CDD the phyllochron was not related to thermo/photo ratio, the rate of change of photoperiod, maximum or minimum temperatures, photoperiod or its inverse, or the intensity of solar radiation. Thus, use of a constant value for phyllochron in dynamic crop models of wheat leaf development is not appropriate for all circumstances. Oregon Agric. Exp. St. Journal Article no. 8798.
Confronting the Heresy of "The Mythical Body of Christ": The Life of Dr. Arthur Falls

Arthur Grand Pre Falls (1901–2000) possessed a profound notion of the Catholic Church as the mystical body of Christ that included people of all races, and he fought for this vision of the church through his actions and words. Falls was a black Catholic medical doctor and founder of the Catholic Worker in Chicago, who dedicated his life to trying to integrate Chicago’s Catholic hospitals and schools as well as create a more racially just society in the Chicago area. Falls was involved in a number of historic, but often forgotten, movements that worked towards a more integrated church and society and often played a key role in these movements.
Using high energy diffraction microscopy to assess a model for microstructural sensitivity in spall response

We present results from a modeling effort that employs detailed non-destructive three-dimensional microstructure data obtained from X-ray based High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) experiments. The emphasis is on validating models that capture microstructural sensitivities so that these models can then be employed in rapid certification procedures. By focusing validation efforts on models that connect directly to experimentally measurable features of the microstructure, we can then build confidence in use of the models for components prepared under different processing routes, with different chemical compositions and attendant impurity distributions, or subjected to different loading conditions. The computational model makes use of a crystal mechanics based constitutive model that includes porosity evolution. The formulation includes nucleation behavior that is fully integrated into a robust numerical procedure, enhancing capabilities for modeling small length scales at which nucleation site potency and volume fraction are more variable. Three-dimensional experimental data are available both pre-shot and post-shot from the same volume of impact-loaded copper. Crystal lattice orientation and porosity data are obtained, respectively, from near-field HEDM and tomography techniques. The availability of such data serves as a primary motivation for the model effort at the microstructural scale.
Ligand redistribution reactions of dicyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) complexes

Abstract The rates of several ligand redistribution reactions of dicyclopentadienylzirconium compounds Cp 2 ZrR 2 , Cp 2 ZrRX and Cp 2 ZrX 2 vary as a function of ligand in the order F, I > Cl, Br and CH 3 > Ph. The variation of rate with ligand is considerably larger than for the analogous Ti compounds.
Altered Amino Acid Metabolism in Root-Knot Nematode Inoculated Cotton Plants

The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, is a sedentary endoparasite that retards growth and development of cotton, Gossypium spp. L., by attacking the root ...
Optical And Mechanical Behavior Of Polymers

properties of polymeric materials are related to certain physical and chemicalstructural characteristics such as molecular weight, polarity, crystallinity and others.This paper will discuss some general effects and, in particular, the relation of opticalbehavior to polymer structure.IntroductionPolymers are giant molecules made up of many repeating chemical units. As such, theycan be subdivided into three and possibly four structural groups. These are linear,branched, and crosslinked (possibly subdivided into two or three dimensional crosslinkedtypes) structures. Figure 1 shows them schematically.As can be seen, the linear polymer is essentially a long chain consisting of many unitsjoined together. The concept of a linear or chain polymer is somewhat oversimplified.While it is true that the structure has length without appreciable thickness, it is alsotrue that the bonds joining the units are not like chain linkages since they are not .freelyrotating. Perhaps a more preferable way of looking at the linear polymer is to considerit as a number of units joined by the yokes and crosses of universal joints. As theseyokes became larger and more clumsy, the angle of swing between the repeating units woulddecrease until a semi -rigid structure was formed.Branched polymers are those which have side chains growing out of the chain molecule
Converting from Classical to Robotic Astronomy: The Lowell Observatory 0.8-m Telescope

The Lowell Observatory 0.8-m (31-in) Telescope was augmented by the addition of a robotic mode of operation in early 2001. This system executes any predetermined sequence of observing instructions without supervision. Described herein is a general description of the system, lessons learned from the conversion, and a few general algorithms for focusing, collecting twilight flat field images, and scheduling standard star observations.
Chemical Fragment Generation and Clustering Software

Barnard Chemical Information Ltd.'s software products for generation of fragment-dictionary-based chemical structure fingerprints and for hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering of large files of structures are described.
Historical Archaeology of Indigenous Culture Change in Mesoamerica

This essay outlines recent archaeological research on post-Columbian (c. A.D. 1500–1925) indigenous sites in Mexico and Central America. Historical archaeology is a growing field in Mesoamerica, and over the last 20 years investigations of native culture change have increased, especially in rural areas. Contemporary research contributes new insights on indigenous responses to Spanish colonization over a long period. This work also is reassessing chronologies and examining the diversity of indigenous behavior from late preconquest to historic times. Indigenous adaptations to culture contact and social change are characterized by three general stages: conquest, colonization, and independence. Although I do draw on other regions, the focus of the article is the Maya area and Central America, where more investigations have taken place.
Storm‐time distortion of the inner magnetosphere: How severe can it get?

[1] First results are presented of an effort to model the storm-time distortion of the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere using space magnetometer data. Strong geomagnetic storms are relatively rare events, represented by only a small fraction of the data used in the derivation of existing empirical geomagnetic field models. Hence using those models for the mapping of the storm-time magnetosphere is at most an extrapolation based on trends, obtained from quiet and moderately disturbed data. To overcome that limitation, a set of data was created, containing only clear-cut events with Dst ≤ −65 nT, with the goal to derive models of the inner and near geomagnetic field (R < 15 RE), representing strongly disturbed geomagnetic configurations and their evolution during the storm cycle. The final data set included about 143,000 records with 5-min average B-vectors, covering 37 major storms between 1996 and 2000. Most of the data came from GOES-8, -9, -10, Polar, and Geotail spacecraft, and two storms in February–March of 1998 were also partially covered by the data of Equator-S. In all cases, only those storms were selected for which concurrent solar wind and IMF data were available for the entire duration of the event. Interplanetary medium data were provided by Wind, ACE, and, to a lesser extent, by IMP 8 and Geotail. The inner magnetospheric field was represented using the newly developed T01 model [Tsyganenko, 2002a, 2002b], with a duskside partial ring current with variable amplitude and scale size, an essential part of the storm-time current system. The modeling revealed an enormous distortion and dawn-dusk asymmetry of the inner magnetosphere during the peak of the storm main phase, caused by the combined effect of the symmetric and partial ring currents, cross-tail current, and Birkeland currents. We found that during storms with Dst < −250 nT the tail-like deformation of the nightside field penetrates so close to Earth that the quasi-dipolar approximation breaks down at distances as small as 3–4 RE. This finding yields a quantitative answer to the question of why the auroras expand to unusually low latitudes during extremely strong storms. It also may provide a natural explanation for the observed impulsive injections and energizations of charged particles on the innermost L-shells. Finally, it questions the validity of using the dipole or quasi-dipole approximation in numerical simulations of severe storms in the inner magnetosphere.
Enzymic methylation of foreign sulfhydryl compounds

Abstract A new transmethylating enzyme system in mammalian tissues, catalyzing methyl transfer from S-adenosylmethionine to sulfhydryl compounds, has been studied. A series of “nonphysiological” sulfhydryl compounds (BAL, mercaptoethanol, O-methyl-mercaptoethanol, mercaptoacetic acid, β-mercaptoproprionic acid, methymercaptan and hydrogen sulfide) have been found to act as methyl accepting substrates, whereas “physiological” sulfhydryl compounds (homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione) are inactive. With S-adenosylethionine a “transethylation” is found to take place. The transmethylating enzyme system is present in the microsome fraction of several tissues of the rat and in the liver of 6 mammalian species investigated.
Analysis of metal-induced DNA lesions and DNA-repair replication in mammalian cells.

The potency of several metal compounds in causing lesions in DNA either directly or by exposure of intact cultured cells has been examined using the neutral conditions of nucleoid gradient sedimentation. HgCl2 was clearly the most potent inducer of single-strand breakage when added to isolated nucleoids or when nucleoids were prepared from cells treated with this compound. CaCrO4 , however, caused DNA-strand breaks in nucleoids isolated from cells treated with this agent but did not induce DNA strand breaks when added directly to nucleoids. Although less potent than HgCl2, NiCl2 also caused significant single strand breakage in isolated nucleoids or in nucleoids prepared from cells treated with this metal. Since strand breakage of DNA in intact cells may occur secondary to activation of DNA-dependent nucleases during repair replication, CsCl gradient density sedimentation was utilized to examine whether repair processes were induced by exposure of cells to NiCl2, HgCl2 and CaCrO4 . CaCrO4 and NiCl2 induced substantial DNA-repair activity at concentrations and exposure times where DNA lesions could not be detected whereas HgCl2 induced a 10-fold lower level of DNA-repair activity compared to CaCrO4 at optimal concentrations which again were below the concentrations of this metal that produced measurable DNA lesions. Both the induction of DNA-repair activity and DNA-strand breakage by these metals was concentration- and time-dependent. These results demonstrate some unique aspects of the interaction of HgCl2, NiCl2 and CaCrO4 with the DNA of intact cells and point to the possible important correlation of induction of DNA repair to carcinogenesis since nickel and chromate have clearly been implicated as carcinogens and induce considerable repair whereas HgCl2 is not considered a carcinogen and induces the least DNA repair despite its potency in producing DNA lesions.
The Joint Commission (JCAHO) and Nuclear Pharmacy

One of the central themes of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) review process involves emphasis on quality assurance of provided services with the goal of high quality patient outcomes. Within nuclear pharmacy practice, quality assurance activities are planned, systematic actions involving radiopharmaceuticals and equipment (and associated record-keeping functions for each) as well as cognitive clinical services. Concerns for appropriate quality assurance activities are voiced by other regulatory agencies (such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission) and echoed by the JCAHO. The present discussion will highlight selected areas of nuclear pharmacy practice as it pertains to quality assurance of radiopharmaceutical receipt, preparation, and distribution, as well as equipment usage associated with these functions.
The Many Faces of Culture: Making Sense of 30 Years of Research on Culture in Organization Studies

AbstractThe study of culture is on the rise; still, this popularity comes with the cost of increasing fragmentation, as definitions and conceptualizations proliferate. The objectives of this review are twofold: first, we set out to disentangle the multiple conceptual strands used to describe culture, and second, we examine how culture relates to other key constructs, particularly identity, institutions, and practices. To start, we build from extant work in sociology to identify and discuss five prominent ways in which culture has been theorized in the management literature—values, stories, frames, toolkits, and categories—and we organize these into a framework that hinges on values and toolkits as anchors. Second, we examine the relationship between culture and theorizations of identity, institutions, and practices in organization studies. We focus on these three dimensions because their vicinity with culture often leads to conceptual slippage, as debates in the extant literature document. Finally, we ide...
Nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue masses in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1. Histologic findings and clinical correlation

Background. Although the histologic changes in lymph nodes in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) are well described, the histology and resulting clinical symptoms of hyperplastic nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue (NPLT) in these patients are not widely known, particularly to pathologists and oncologists. Methods. Nine patients with HIV-1 presented with a nasopharyngeal mass, nasal stuffiness, nasal bleeding, hearing loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy in various combinations. Tonsillar tissue was biopsied or removed from all nine. Results. The tonsillar tissue showed a spectrum of the changes of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Conclusions. Clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the spectrum of histologic changes and clinical features relating to biopsies from NPLT to interpret the changes correctly and to avoid a misdiagnosis of malignant lymphoma.
Isomazole disposition in man as a function of dose and route of administration.

The disposition of a new cardiotonic agent (isomazole (ISO] was evaluated in healthy volunteers after various single oral (p.o.), intravenous (i.v.), and multiple p.o. doses. Blood samples were collected after dosing in all studies, with urine collected in the single i.v. and multiple dose studies. All biological samples were measured for ISO. In the multiple dose study, samples were collected for analysis after the first and last doses administered. In addition to ISO, several known metabolites (hydroxyisomazole (OHISO), sulfone (SULF), and hydroxysulfone (OHSULF) analogs) were measured after the first and last doses given in the multiple dose study. Pharmacokinetic values compared between doses suggested no saturable processes existed over the entire dose range. The single i.v. dose data showed ISO experienced some extravascular distribution (mean V beta = 1.82 l kg-1), with a high clearance (mean Cls = 18.8 ml min-1 kg-1) and a short half-life (mean t 1/2 = 1.1 h). Elimination was primarily nonrenal (Clr = 3.5 ml min-1 kg-1). Single p.o. data supported these findings and further suggested rapid absorption. ISO data from the first dose of the multiple dose study was in agreement with these data; however, the last dose showed a higher Cls (33.0 ml min-1 kg-1) (p = 0.055). Although not statistically significant, metabolite plasma data and and urinary excretion patterns changed. An increase was observed in plasma AUC and metabolite excretion of SULF and OHSULF, while a decrease was observed in the same parameters for OHISO. These results suggest that multiple dosing of ISO produces autoinduction of ISO metabolism through selective metabolic routes.
A note on scheduling problems with competing agents and earliness minimization objectives

Abstract We show that a number of scheduling problems with competing agents and earliness minimization objectives are equivalent to the corresponding problems with tardiness minimization objectives.
Beam-beam simulations for PEP-II

The self-consistent beam-beam code described by Cai et al. (2001) is used to simulate various parameter sets for PEP-II. The aim is to find better operating tunes and machine parameters such as beta functions and emittances for optimizing luminosity. At the current working point, the simulated luminosity agrees with the measured luminosity within 10 %. New working points in the LER were studied in simulations and measurements. Comparisons between simulations and measurements are shown in this paper.
Cutaneous vesicostomy for temporary urinary diversion in children

We report our experience with cutaneous vesicostomies performed in 55 children aged less than 3 months to 8 years as a means of temporary diversion. Renal function improved or remained normal in 53 patients and hydronephrosis improved in 53 of 54 in whom it was present pre-operatively. Mucosal prolapse requiring revision occurred in 3 children. Spontaneous vesicostomy closure and stomal stenosis occurred in 2 patients each. Significant cellulitis occurred in 1 patient. Five children have required higher diversion; 35 have undergone undiversion an average of 24 months after vesicostomy creation. A vesicostomy is simple to construct and easy to manage, with minimal complications. The operation does not compromise future continence and is easily reversible.
Structural and thermoelectric properties of HfNiSn half-Heusler thin films

Abstract The bulk thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler alloys have recently been extensively studied due to their potential as thermoelectric materials. However, only a few publications have been addressed on thin film systems. The present study investigated the structural and thermoelectric properties of HfNiSn half-Heusler alloy thin films grown at different substrate temperatures: 25 °C, 200 °C, and 400 °C. The crystalline phase and structural variation of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Polycrystalline thin films were obtained for utilizing lower substrate temperatures. The HfNiSn thin films exhibited preferred (111) orientation when substrate temperature was higher than 400 °C. The in-plane Seebeck coefficient and resistivity of HfNiSn thin films with preferred orientation were much lower than those of films without orientation. This implies the thermoelectric properties of HfNiSn alloy may exhibit anisotropic characteristics. The best Seebeck coefficient and power factor of HfNiSn thin films obtained in this work are −68 μV/K and 1.3 μW/K2cm, respectively, measured at room temperature. The effects of partial substitution of Sn by Sb on thermoelectric properties of HfNiSn thin films were also studied with a “pseudo-combinatorial” approach.
The G deletion syndromes

Phenotypic analysis of the reported cases of partial G monosomy indicates that deletions of a G chromosome can result in at least two distinct syndromes. The clinical features characterizing each of these entities are discussed; a child with the second syndrome is described in detail.
Intracellular membranes are more fluid in platelets of Alzheimer's disease patients.

Abstract We studied 12 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease versus age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Platelets were subfractionated into intracellular membranes and plasma membranes, and steady-state anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene was measured on the preparations as an index of membrane fluidity. Fluidity was higher in intracellular membranes from platelets of Alzheimer's patients compared to controls (P=0.016). However, no difference was observed in purified plasma membrane's fluidity from the same patients versus controls. Neither the platelet counts, platelet volumes, percent of larger platelets, nor the amount of internal membrane protein per platelet were different between groups. There was no correlation between intracellular membrane anisotropy and severity of dementia as measured on the Mini-Mental State Exam. The results extend previous studies suggesting that there is an intracellular membrane alteration in platelets in Alzheimer's disease.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3) Promotes Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling and Enables Endothelial Cell Motility

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3) is highly expressed in multiple human cancers and is hypothesized to have a critical, albeit poorly defined, role in the formation of experimental tumors in mice. PTP4A3 is broadly expressed in many tissues so the cellular basis of its etiological contributions to carcinogenesis may involve both tumor and stromal cells. In particular, PTP4A3 is expressed in the tumor vasculature and has been proposed to be a direct target of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in endothelial cells. We now provide the first in vivo experimental evidence that PTP4A3 participates in VEGF signaling and contributes to the process of pathological angiogenesis. Colon tumor tissue isolated from Ptp4a3-null mice revealed reduced tumor microvessel density compared with wild type controls. Additionally, vascular cells derived from Ptp4a3-null tissues exhibited decreased invasiveness in an ex vivo wound healing assay. When primary endothelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, Ptp4a3-null cells displayed greatly reduced migration compared with wild type cells. Exposure to VEGF led to an increase in Src phosphorylation in wild type endothelial cells, a response that was completely ablated in Ptp4a3-null cells. In loss-of-function studies, reduced VEGF-mediated migration was also observed when human endothelial cells were treated with a small molecule inhibitor of PTP4A3. VEGF-mediated in vivo vascular permeability was significantly attenuated in PTP4A3-deficient mice. These findings strongly support a role for PTP4A3 as an important contributor to endothelial cell function and as a multimodal target for cancer therapy and mitigating VEGF-regulated angiogenesis.
Approximating constrained tetrahedrizations

Abstract The facets of a Delaunay tetrahedrization of a set of points in three-dimensional Euclidean space are determined except in the presence of cospherical points. Since it is not always possible to construct in three-dimensional Euclidean space a tetrahedrization that contains prespecified facets, we describe an algorithm to construct a tetrahedrization that incorporates specified convex, planar, polygonal regions, including triangles, as unions of facets of tetrahedra. Points added to the original set lie within the specified regions. The resulting tetrahedrization coincides with the original tetrahedrization except in the vicinity of the specified regions. The worst case behavior of the algorithm is linear in the number of original tetrahedra but exponential in the number of specified regions. Measurement of performance on data generated by applications awaits an implementation.
Discrimination learning and stimulus generalization in rats with hippocampal lesions.

Abstract Rats with hippocampal lesions and sham operated control animals were trained on a go-no-go tone discrimination. For half of the animals of each group the tone was the positive stimulus while for the other half the tone was negative. The hippocampal tone negative group took the greatest number of days to learn the task. Tone generalization tests administered the day after the learning criterion was reached did not yield any differences in either excitatory or inhibitory stimulus control between the hippocampal and sham animals.
ON EXTENDING THE ACCURATE AND USEFUL COUNTING RATE RANGE OF GM COUNTER DETECTOR SYSTEMS

Abstract A study is described to extend the accurate and useful counting rate range of the GM (Geiger-Muller) counter detector system. The idealized simple one-parameter paralyzable and non-paralyzable models were first investigated with the decaying source method and were found to be inadequate for all the systems tested. The use of a slightly more complex two-parameter model was investigated next and, in spite of initial positive indications, the resulting model yielded inaccuracies larger than ± 10% for over one-third of the counting rate range. However, use of the decaying source method to provide a wide range of accurate useful counting rates was found to be reproducible to within ± 1%. Previous formulas for variance found in the literature were studied by Monte Carlo simulation and were found to be valid when the respective appropriate assumptions of the idealized models were applicable. Actual experimental variances were found to be fairly well predicted by a modified Kosten (1943) model that has a variable dead time. This model has the advantage that it always gives conservative estimates. At present the counting rate range of GM counter detector systems can be extended to the ± 1% accuracy level only at the cost of having to use the decaying source method, which involves the use of a pure short-lived radioisotope such as 56Mn. Use at this accuracy level without having to use the decaying source method must await further modeling or other experimental developments.
Minimal genome encoding proteins with constrained amino acid repertoire

Minimal bacterial gene set comprises the genetic elements needed for survival of engineered bacterium on a rich medium. This set is estimated to include 300–350 protein-coding genes. One way of simplifying an organism with such a minimal genome even further is to constrain the amino acid content of its proteins. In this study, comparative genomics approaches and the results of gene knockout experiments were used to extrapolate the minimal gene set of mollicutes, and bioinformatics combined with the knowledge-based analysis of the structure-function relationships in these proteins and their orthologs, paralogs and analogs was applied to examine the challenges of completely replacing the rarest residue, cysteine. Among several known functions of cysteine residues, their roles in the active centers of the enzymes responsible for deoxyribonucleoside synthesis and transfer RNA modification appear to be crucial, as no alternative chemistry is known for these reactions. Thus, drastic reduction of the content of the rarest amino acid in a minimal proteome appears to be possible, but its complete elimination is challenging.
Central Hypogonadism in Burned Men

Serum samples were obtained from 30 burned men at different times up to the fourth month after injury. Mean concentrations of estradiol (E2) were elevated above those for healthy control su
Fragment production in intermediate energy heavy ion reactions

The emission of intermediate rapidity fragments with Aless than or equal to14 has been studied in 42 to 151 MeV/nucleon Ar- and Ne-induced reactions on Al, Ca, and Au targets. The energy spectra were fitted assuming emission from a single source moving with a velocity intermediate between that of the projectile and target. The extracted temperatures were independent of fragment mass, indicating that the fragments had a common source. The spectra for fragments as heavy as nitrogen were also well described using the coalescence model and the resulting coalescence radii were independent of fragment mass. The observed fragment production cross sections were fitted with a quantum statistical model from which the entropy produced was extracted. This entropy was found to be much less than that derived from d/p ratios and higher than the entropy displayed by target-like fragments. The light particle spectra were compared to a model utilizing a solution of the Boltzmann equation incorporating mean field and Pauli blocking effects to describe the proton spectra from Ar + Ca. Nuclear fluid dynamics calculations agreed reasonably well with the higher energy data but could not describe the 42 MeV/nucleon data.
Optimal filtering for denial of service mitigation

An optimal approach to mitigation of denial of service flooding attacks is presented. The objective is to protect the server while minimizing the effect of the mitigation. The approach relies on routers filtering enough packets so that the server is not overwhelmed while ensuring that as little filtering as possible is performed. The optimal solution is to filter packets at routers through which the "attack packets" are passing. The identification of which router is forwarding the packets is carried out by routers filtering packets at time varying ratios. Then the correlation between the arrival of packets at the server and the router filtering ratios provides an indication of which routers are forwarding the attack packets. Once sufficient confidence in the identification is achieved, the routers that forward more attack packets will filter more packets than routers that forward less attack packets.
Regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by the mitochondrial outer membrane protein hFis1

Mitochondrial fission is a highly regulated process mediated by a defined set of protein factors and is involved in the early stage of apoptosis. In mammals, at least two proteins, the dynamin-like protein DLP1/Drp1 and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein hFis1, participate in mitochondrial fission. The cytosolic domain of hFis1 contains six α-helices that form two tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. Overexpression of hFis1 induces DLP1-mediated fragmentation of mitochondria, suggesting that hFis1 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial fission by recruiting cytosolic DLP1. In the present study, we identified two regions of hFis1 that are necessary for correct fission of mitochondria. We found that the TPR region of hFis1 participates in the interaction with DLP1 or DLP1-containing complex and that the first helix (α1) of hFis1 is required for mitochondrial fission presumably by regulating DLP1-hFis1 interaction. Misregulated interaction between DLP1 and hFis1 by α1 deletion induced mitochondrial swelling, in part by the mitochondrial permeability transition, but significantly delayed cell death. Our data suggest that hFis1 is a main regulator of mitochondrial fission, controlling the recruitment and assembly of DLP1 during both normal and apoptotic fission processes.
The Praetorian Guard: A History of Rome's Elite Special Forces. By Sandra Bingham. (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2013. Pp. xi, 240. $29.95.)

This is an important and eminently useful book to be welcomed by classicists, military and ancient historians, and aficionados of imperial Rome among a more general readership. This monograph provi...
Framing the fox: Callimachus' second Iamb and its predecessors

This article treats the figure of the fox that appears as one of the members of the embassy sent by the animal s to Zeus in Callimachus' second iambo By exploring previous appearances of the fox in the poetic repertoire, I identify a series of Archaic and early Classical works that Callimachus uses by way of 'intertexts', and argue that the Hellenistic author draws on the animal's place within the interconnected iambic and fable traditions that inform his poem. Already visible in these earlier texts, and anticipating Callimachus, is a concern with literary as well as ethical polemics.
Robust control of linear systems with bounded state dependent additive disturbances

This paper examines attractiveness and minimality of invariant sets for linear systems subject to additive disturbances bounded in a state-dependent set. Existence of a minimal attractor is proved under the assumption that the state-dependent set, to which the disturbance is confined, is upper-semi-continuous. In many practical applications, the disturbance may be an output of a dynamic process. The results for systems subject to general state dependent disturbances are applied to this case to prove existence of a minimal robust invariant attractor (MRIA). The MRIA set can be employed for the design of an MPC strategy to achieve the robust stability. Moreover, in case constraint sets are polytopes, a computational method is provided to approximate the MRIA.