cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the mycoflora of Bermuda. I.

of the mycological survey of the islands, initiated by The New York Botanical Garden more than a quarter of a century ago, and continued intermittently to the present time. The first expedition, in connection with the above work, was made in the year 1912, covering almost exactly the same seasonal dates as our recent one. Thus the third visit represented a twentysixth anniversary of the first. At the time of the first visit scarcely more than a score of fungi were known from the islands, and the place had the reputation of being almost barren of this particular form of plant life. Consequently the voyage was undertaken with some misgivings. These fears, however, proved to be groundless for as a result of this first short visit, the number of known species of fungi was increased to considerably more than a hundred, a list of which was published in the Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden in August, 1916, and constituted the first extensive list published of the fungi of the islands. A few new species were included. The results of the second expedition, in company with Professor H. H. Whetzel, are left out of consideration since most of the material collected on this occasion (1926) is in Cornell University, and for the most part unworked. The remoteness of these islands, together with the fact that they have apparently never been connected with any other existing body of land, adds interest to the study of their land flora. Although the fungi cannot be said to be abundant, on critical study one is impressed first by the number of species found there which are not known to occur in other parts of the world, although we do not usually think of the fungi as being restricted to very limited
A critical examination of TDT's cost function

Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) tasks are evaluated using a cost function. The standard TDT cost function assumes a constant probability of relevance P(rel) across all topics. In practice, P(rel) varies widely across topics. We argue using both theoretical and experimental evidence that the cost function should be modified to account for the varying P(rel).
Effect of alteration in loading conditions on both normal and abnormal patterns of left ventricular filling in healthy individuals

Abstract Doppler analysis of mitral flow provides a means of analyzing left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. While experimental studies have suggested that changes in left atrial pressure may affect the normal pattern of early diastolic filling, the effect of such changes on abnormal patterns of filling is unknown. Accordingly, the Doppler pattern of LV filling was analyzed in 20 subjects with LV hypertrophy (mean age 59 ± 13 years, ± standard deviation), in 25 healthy normal subjects (29 ± 6 years) and in 11 elderly subjects (68 ± 5 years). All underwent Doppler examination of LV inflow at rest and immediately after postural changes. In all 3 groups, head-down positioning increased early diastolic flow velocity (E) (p E A ratio never approached a normal resting value. Likewise, although E and the E A ratio decreased significantly in normal subjects with head-up positioning, it did not become abnormal. The magnitude of change in E, A and E A ratio did not differ among the 3 groups in response to postural changes. Thus, alterations of LV loading conditions alter the pattern of LV filling, whether normal or abnormal at baseline. The magnitude of change appears to be independent of the resting flow pattern. Although loading conditions may affect the Doppler pattern of filling, simple changes in venous return do not “normalize” an abnormal pattern, nor do they “abnormalize” a normal pattern.
Synthesis and Characterization of Group 4 Amido Silyl Complexes Free of Anionic π-Ligands

A series of early-transition-metal silyl complexes free of anionic π-ligands such as cyclopentadienyl (Cp = η5-C5H5) have been synthesized. These Cp-free complexes (Me2N)3MSi(SiMe3)3 [M = Zr (1), Hf (2)], (Me2N)3TiSiPh2But (3), (Me2N)3ZrSiPh2But·0.5THF (4), (Me2N)3HfSiPh2But·nTHF [n = 0.5 (5a), 1 (5b)], and (Me2N)2[(Me3Si)2N]ZrSiR3 [SiR3 = Si(SiMe3)3 (7), SiPh2But (8)] were prepared by metathetic reactions of chloro triamido complexes (Me2N)3MCl (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) or (Me2N)2[(Me3Si)2N]ZrCl (6) with silyllithium reagents Li(THF)3Si(SiMe3)3 or Li(THF)3SiPh2But. The structures of 1, 3, 4, 5b, and 8 have been determined by X-ray crystallography and show that 1, 3, and 8 adopt a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry while 4 and 5b have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the metal. The unit cell parameters are as follows. 1: space group R3c, a = 15.505(2) A, c = 19.308(4) A, V = 4019.9(13) A3, Z = 6. 3: space group P21, a = 8.633(5) A, b = 14.790(7) A, c = 9.388(4) A, β = 92.44(4)°, V = 1197...
Effects of an Art-Based Curriculum on Clinical Trials Attitudes and Breast Cancer Prevention Knowledge

Although Latinos now comprise the largest minority in the U.S. population, they continue to be seriously underrepresented in clinical trials. A nonrandomized controlled study of an innovative community-developed clinical trial and breast cancer education program targeting Latinas tested whether use of an art-based curriculum could increase willingness to enroll in six clinical trial scenarios and increase breast health and clinical trial knowledge. The art-based curriculum resulted in a larger increase in stated willingness to enroll across all clinical trial scenarios, and the difference was statistically significant (p<.05) in three. Breast health and clinical trials knowledge increased similarly and significantly for both groups. The results of this study show promise for the use of a community-developed art-based curriculum in the Latina population to increase willingness to enroll in clinical trials.
Solution structure and folding characteristics of the C-terminal SH3 domain of c-Crk-II.

Crk-II is a signaling adaptor protein that is involved in many cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. It has a modular domain architecture consisting of an Src homology 2 domain (SH2) followed by two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. The structures and ligand-binding properties of the SH2 and the middle SH3 domains are well-characterized. Several studies suggest that the C-terminal SH3 domain plays an important regulatory role in the protein; however, no structural information is available on this domain, and relatively little is known about its binding partners. In the current work, we have solved the solution NMR structure of the C-terminal SH3 domain. The domain adopts the standard SH3 fold comprising a five-stranded β barrel. In agreement with alignment and modeling studies, the structure indicates that the canonical-binding surface of the SH3 domain is unusually polar and suggests that this domain may not bind typical PXXP ligands or that it may bind them with reduced...
Creativity as an Attribute of Positive Psychology: The Impact of Positive and Negative Affect on the Creative Personality

Positive psychology explores how optimism can lead to health, happiness, and creativity. However, questions remain as to how affective states influence creativity. Data on creative personality, optimism, pessimism, positive and negative affect, and current and usual happiness ratings were collected on 161 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology class. Results indicated that both positive and negative affect, usual self-reported happiness ratings, and pessimism contributed to a creative personality in college students. Demographic characteristics such as gender, age, and class level were also factors. Males, younger students, and higher academic level college students displayed more creative personality characteristics. Findings suggest that both positive and negative attributes influence creativity.
BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF IRISH RACIAL DIFFERENCE, THE ENGLISH WORKING CLASS, AND REVOLUTIONARY POSSIBILITY IN THE WORK OF CARLYLE AND ENGELS

In his 1839 pamphlet, "Chartism," Thomas Carlyle assesses current class conflict and working-class radicalism in Britain and declares a national crisis. He articulates this crisis as urgent query facing the English nation: the "condition of England question." To represent and to explore this national emergency, Carlyle imagines early Victorian England as a diseased national body.1 For Carlyle, Chartist politics and other manifestations of working-class discontent are outward signs of an illness ravaging England "symptoms on the surface [which you abolish] to no purpose, if the disease is left untouched" (120). Carlyle then qualifies this metaphoric pathologization of working-class insurgency by making a critical distinction between the "chimera" and the "essence" of the disease of unrest (119), between its legible symptoms and the deeper causes that they signify. By taking the "essence" of Chartism as his subject, Carlyle insists that his intervention is not another inadequate symptomology. Instead, he stages "Chartism" as an attempt to provide an epidemiology, a comprehensive study of the causes, transmission, and potential control of Chartist agitation; according to Carlyle, only such epidemiological attention to the origins of the disease will make prophylactic measures and a socioeconomic cure possible. It is not surprising that Carlyle relies on biom?dical discourse to represent the national significance of Chartist agitation. He is drawing on a long history of representations of England and Britain as a body politic as well as a discourse of the 'body social' emerging in early Victorian Britain.2 His metaphor of the infected national body also echoes the rhetoric of middleand upper-class panic about literal contagion in the 1830s, such as cholera and typhus, epidemics which were seen to emanate from urban working-class neighborhoods in urban centers and to contaminate Britain as a whole (Arac 29-30). In addition, Carlyle redeploys the figuration of revolutionary politics as a disease, a metaphor common in British conservative reaction to the French Revolution several decades earlier.
Psychotic features in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia: comparative severity.

Psychotic features are frequent in combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may correlate with severity of PTSD symptoms, and may reflect a distinct subtype of the disorder. These psychotic features include auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional thinking that is usually paranoid in nature. Psychotic features may be under-recognized in chronic PTSD because patients are reluctant to report these symptoms and because they may not have overt changes in affect or bizarre delusions characteristic of other psychoses, e.g., schizophrenia. To further assess these phenomena, we compared clinical ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and other assessments, including the Clinical Global Impression Scale and the Structured Clinical Interview with Psychotic Screen, in veterans meeting DSM-IV criteria for chronic PTSD with well-defined comorbid psychotic features (N = 40) or chronic schizophrenia (N = 40). The patients with schizophrenia had modestly higher composite PANSS scores and positive symptom scores although average scores in both groups were moderate to severe in intensity. Negative symptom and general psychopathology subscale scores were comparable in both groups. Regarding specific positive symptoms, hallucinations were comparable between groups in severity; however, schizophrenia patients had slightly more intense delusions and conceptual disorganization. These data further validate the occurrence of positive as well as negative symptoms of psychosis in chronic PTSD in a range of severity that may approach that of patients with schizophrenia. Although meeting DSM-IV criteria for two different major psychiatric disorders, these two patient populations were remarkably similar with respect to not only positive but also negative symptoms.
Supporting structured credentials and sensitive policies through interoperable strategies for automated trust negotiation

Business and military partners, companies and their customers, and other closely cooperating parties may have a compelling need to conduct sensitive interactions on line, such as accessing each other's local services and other local resources. Automated trust negotiation is an approach to establishing trust between parties so that such interactions can take place, through the use of access control policies that specify what combinations of digital credentials a stranger must disclose to gain access to a local resource. A party can use many different strategies to negotiate trust, offering tradeoffs between the length of the negotiation, the amount of extraneous information disclosed, and the computational effort expended. To preserve parties' autonomy, each party should ideally be able to choose its negotiation strategy independently, while still being guaranteed that negotiations will succeed whenever possible---that the two parties' strategies will interoperate. In this paper we provide the formal underpinnings for that goal, by formalizing the concepts of negotiation protocols, strategies, and interoperation. We show how to model the information flow of a negotiation for use in analyzing strategy interoperation. We also present two large sets of strategies whose members all interoperate with one another, and show that these sets contain many practical strategies. We develop the theory for black-box propositional credentials as well as credentials with internal structure, and for access control policies whose contents are (respectively are not) sensitive. We also discuss how these results fit into TrustBuilder, our prototype system for trust negotiation.
Probing trapped ion energies via ion-molecule reaction kinetics: quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry

We present a detailed study of the energies of the ions stored in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS). Previous studies have shown that the rate constant, k, for the charge exchange reaction Ar+ N+ 2 →, N+ 2+Ar increases with increasing ion-molecule center-of-mass kinetic energy (K.E.cm). Thus, we have determined k for this chemical “thermometer” reaction at a variety of Ar and N2 pressures and have assigned K.E.cm values as a function of the q2 of the Ar+ ion both with and without He buffer gas present in the trap. The K.E.cm energies are found to lie within the range 0.11–0.34 eV over the variety of experimental conditions investigated. Quantitative “cooling” effects due to the presence of He buffer gas are reported, as are increases in K.E.cm due to an increase in the q2 of the Ar+ ion. “Effective” temperatures of the Ar+ ions in He buffer are determined based on a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of ion energies. The resulting temperatures are found to lie within the range ≈ 1700–3300 K. We have also examined the K.E.cm, values arising from the chemical thermometer reaction of O+ 2 with CH4, as previous assignments of effective ion temperatures based on this reaction have been called into question.
Accessing information sharing and information quality in supply chain management

This paper empirically examines the impact of environmental uncertainty, intra-organizational facilitators, and inter-organizational relationships on information sharing and information quality in supply chain management. Based on the data collected from 196 organizations, multiple regression analyses are used to test the factor impacting information sharing and information quality respectively. It is found that both information sharing and information quality are influenced positively by trust in supply chain partners and shared vision between supply chain partners, but negatively by supplier uncertainty. Top management has a positive impact on information sharing but has no impact on information quality. The results also show that information sharing and information quality are not impacted by customer uncertainty, technology uncertainty, commitment of supply chain partners, and IT enablers. Moreover, a discriminant analysis reveals that supplier uncertainty, shared vision between supply chain partners and commitment of supply chain partners are the three most important factors in discriminating between the organizations with high levels of information sharing and information quality and those with low levels of information sharing and information quality.
Les résultats de l’étude CREST: une pièce de plus à un puzzle loin d’être achevé

Les resultats de l’etude Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST) etaient attendus avec impatience depuis presque une decennie. Financee par le National Institute of Neurologic Disorders, il s’agit a ce jour de la plus grande etude clinique randomisee comparant l’angioplastie carotidienne percutanee a l’endarteriectomie carotidienne (EAC). En effet, l’etude randomisait 1321 patients symptomatiques ayant une stenose a 50-99% et 1181 patients asymptomatiques ayant une stenose a 60-99% entre l’angioplastie (n = 1271) et l’EAC (n = 1251) au sein de 117 centres des Etats-Unis et du Canada de Decembre 2000 a Juillet 2008. Toutes les procedures d’angioplastie incluaient la mise en place d’un stent, et lorsque cela etait possible, d’un systeme de protection cerebrale contre les embolies (Systemes Acculink et Accunet, Abbott Vascular Solutions, Santa Clara, Californie, E-U). De plus, les medecins interventionnels etaient strictement controles sur leur experience passee. Ils participaient a un cours de preparation et a une phase preliminaire avant d’etre autorises a enroler des patients dans l’etude. Les investigateurs de CREST firent manifestement tout leur possible pour evaluer le stenting de l’artere carotide (SAC) de maniere uniforme.
Role of sulfhydryl groups in the activity of milk lipase.

Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate whether purified milk lipase contained –SH groups and whether such groups were associated with the active centers of the purifled milk lipase. Rates of interaction of para-chloromercuribenzoate with the enzyme, determined spectrophotometrically and enzymically, were of the same order, indicating the presence of essential –SH groups in the enzyme. Para-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetic acid, and formamidine disulflde inhibited the enzyme completely, whereas sodium arsenite and hydrogen peroxide inhibited it only partially. N-ethyl maleimide, a specific reagent for free –SH groups only, was only partially inhibitory at all the concentrations investigated. The data indicated the presence of one free and one masked –SH group in the lipase molecule. Dialysis of the lipase inhibited by the various –SH blocking reagents or the addition of glutathione or mercaptoethanol to the dialyzed enzyme did not regenerate the enzyme. Glutathione stimulated the lipase activity, whereas mercaptoethanol and cysteine hydrochloride inhibited its activity. However, both glutathione and mercaptoethanol partially stabilized the enzyme during storage at 30 and 37C. Propyl gallate stabilized the enzyme at 30C hut not at 37C, whereas alphatocopherol destabilized the enzyme at both temperatures.
Clofibrate does not alter cyclic nucleotide metabolism in muscle.

Abstract Clofibrate is a hypolipidemic agent that causes muscle protein breakdown in rats, and an acute muscular syndrome in man. It also inhibits adenylate cyclase in fat tissue. Muscle protein metabolism has been shown to be regulated by cyclic nucleotides. In the present experiments we measured several parameters of cyclic nucleotide metabolism to determine the role that cyclic nucleotides play in clofibrate-induced muscle protein degradation. It was found that clofibrate treatment did not alter cyclic nucleotide levels, nor did it change the activities of basal or hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase, or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in muscle. Our results suggest that muscle protein breakdown in clofibrate-treated rats is not regulated by cyclic nucleotides.
Persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 in the human intestinal tract: response to consecutive and alternate-day supplementation.

Background: Probiotics may enhance gastrointestinal health and immune function. The efficacy of different probiotic dosing strategies on colonization and persistence of probiotics is undefined.Objective: The authors assessed colonization and persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) DSM17938 (BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden) after daily or alternate-day dosing.Methods: Volunteers ate pudding with L. reuteri (109 CFU) daily (n = 9) or on alternate days (n = 9) over 7 days. Fecal samples were collected on dosing days (D1–7) and after dosing ended (D13–15 and D20–22) and were analyzed for the presence of L. reuteri. Results are reported in 3-day increments (D2–4, D5–7, D13–15, and D20–22).Results: L. reuteri count rose in response to daily supplementation ([mean ± SD] D2–4: 4 × 104 ± 2 × 104 CFU, p < 0.01; D5–7: 10 × 104 ± 9 × 104 CFU, p < 0.01) and alternate-day supplementation (D2–4: 21 × 104 ± 20 × 104 CFU, p < 0.01; D5–7: 11 × 104 ± 15 × 104 CFU, p = 0.06) and fell in both groups 1 week after dosin...
The Full Hempel

Book reviewed in this article: The Logic of Historical Explanation by Clayton Roberts
Clinical decision support: progress and opportunities.

In 2005, the American Medical Informatics Association undertook a set of activities relating to clinical decision support (CDS), with support from the office of the national coordinator and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. They culminated in the release of the roadmap for national action on CDS in 2006. This article assesses progress toward the short-term goals within the roadmap, and recommends activities to continue to improve CDS adoption throughout the United States. The report finds that considerable progress has been made in the past four years, although significant work remains. Healthcare quality organizations are increasingly recognizing the role of health information technology in improving care, multi-site CDS demonstration projects are under way, and there are growing incentives for adoption. Specific recommendations include: (1) designating a national entity to coordinate CDS work and collaboration; (2) developing approaches to monitor and track CDS adoption and use; (3) defining and funding a CDS research agenda; and (4) updating the CDS ‘critical path’.
Substrate specificity of human UDP-glucuronyltransferase in cultured lymphocytes

1. This study establishes the presence of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity for non-steroidal as well as steroidal substrates, in cultured human B-lymphocytes. Glucuronidation of α;-naphthol and testosterone was demonstrated in homogenates of two cell lines, SN1006 and RPMI-1788, and that of phenolphthalein, 4-methylumbelliferone, p-nitrophenol and estradiol in the cell line with the higher glucuronyltransferase activity, SN1006.2. Kinetic studies of testosterone glucuronidation in homogenates of both cell lines revealed a similarity in the behaviour of glucuronyltransferase of these cells. Thus, comparable apparent Km values for UDPGA (0.63 mM) and for testosterone (14 μm) were observed, although apparent maximal velocities, Vmax, differed several-fold (3.0 versus 05.5 pmol/106 cells per min, in SN1006 and RPMI-1788 cells, respectively).3. Kinetic studies of glucuronidation of testosterone, estradiol, phenolphthalein, α;-naphthol, 4-methylumbelliferone, and p-nitrophenol yielded comparable apparent Km v...
Environmental and vegetation relationships of the Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis alliance

Abstract The Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh alliance is the most extensive of the big sagebrush complex in the Intermountain West and is characterized by a wide range of environments and vegetation heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to identify environmental factors driving variation in plant species composition and determine the potential for using environmental factors to explain vegetation characteristics of the A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis alliance. Seventeen environmental factors and seven vegetation response variables were measured on 107 relatively undisturbed, late seral A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis sites across southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to identify environmental factors correlated with plant species composition as indexed by canopy cover. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to develop models correlating plant cover and structural characteristics with environmental factors. Vegetation composition variation appears to be driven by soil characteristics. Canopy cover of perennial grasses and forbs was moderately correlated with direct incident radiation and soil characteristics, particularly soil texture in the upper 15 cm of the profile. Total herbaceous cover variation was better explained by environmental factors (soil water-holding capacity, incident radiation, depth to Bt horizon, and percent sand in the upper 15 cm of the soil profile) (P
A temporal model for transparent monitoring of shared-memory multiprocessors

A major obstacle to parallel software development has been the perturbation of program execution resulting from software-based monitoring techniques. Parallel programs exhibit non-deterministic behavior, which can result in changes in program execution under software monitoring, as compared to unmonitored program execution. In this paper, a formal model for parallel program execution and monitoring in shared-memory environments is developed that addresses issues related to monitor intrusion. Using this formal model, the notion of transparency, as it relates to monitored programs, is defined. Sufficient conditions for monitor transparency are presented. Software-based monitoring tools meeting these conditions are assured to exhibit transparency, given the definition. Thus, by ensuring that parallel program monitors conform to these sufficient conditions for monitor transparency, developers of software tools can enable transparent monitoring to be achieved. >
The long-run performance of firms that issue convertible debt: An empirical analysis of operating characteristics and analyst forecasts

Abstract Many firms issue hybrid securities, such as convertible debt, instead of standard securities like straight debt or common equity. Theoretical arguments suggest that convertible debt minimizes costs for firms facing high debt- and equity-related external financing costs. Theory also suggests that an appropriately designed convertible security provides efficient investment incentives. We show, however, that firms on average perform poorly following the issuance of convertible debt. The empirical evidence suggests that the efficient investment decisions predicted by theory are not in fact achieved by the actual design and issuance of convertible debt securities. An alternative interpretation of convertible debt offers is that investors ration the participation of some issuers in the seasoned equity market.
Preliminary Experience With Cardiac Reconstruction Using Decellularized Porcine Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Human Applications in Congenital Heart Disease

An ideal material for repair of congenitally malformed hearts would encourage tissue regeneration with growth potential. Decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (SIS-...
Hypercoagulability in End-Stage Liver Disease: Prevalence and Its Correlation With Severity of Liver Disease and Portal Vein Thrombosis

Contrary to well-recognized bleeding diathesis in chronic liver disease, thrombotic events can occur in these patients due to reduction or loss of synthesis of anticoagulant proteins. Forty-seven consecutive patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) were investigated for activity of protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and factor V Leiden mutation. Forty-two (89.4%) patients had low levels of at least 1 while 33 (70.2%) patients were deficient for all anticoagulant proteins studied. Forty-six (97.9%) patients were negative for factor V Leiden mutation. The deficiencies were more marked in hepatitis C virus–positive patients and patients with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score >15. Six (12.8%) patients had portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and all had diminished protein S activity. In conclusions, deficiency of anticoagulant proteins occur in early phase of chronic liver disease. The severity of deficiency is proportional to the severity of liver disease. Despite the high prevalence of hypercoagu...
Ophthalmoplegia resulting from an intraorbital hematoma

BACKGROUND A case is described in which an intraorbital hematoma was found to complicate recovery from attempted aneurysm clipping 5 days into the postoperative period. The etiology, management, and complication avoidance are discussed. CASE DESCRIPTION Five days after attempted surgical clipping of an internal carotid artery aneurysm via a frontotemporal craniotomy with orbital osteotomy, a patient underwent coiling of the aneurysm. Shortly after the endovascular procedure, the patient developed exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia involving the right side followed by decline in her level of consciousness. An emergency computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an epidural hematoma with intraorbital extension. After evacuation of the hematoma, the patient recovered extraocular function and returned to her baseline mental status. CONCLUSION Exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in a patient recovering from cranial surgery using skull base techniques warrants immediate attention, especially after endovascular procedures. Delay in intervention may result in loss of neurologic function or life. The authors discuss the relevant literature and management of this uncommon complication.
Affective Influence on Judgments and Decisions: Moving Towards Core Mechanisms

This article reviews psychological accounts of affective influence on judgments and decisions and argues that these accounts can be enriched by insights from biopsychology. The authors show how biopsychological research helps (1) reveal the sources of values and feelings; (2) predict when affect will influence attentional, perceptual, memorial, and decision processes; and (3) identify precise mechanisms underlying the interaction between affective and cognitive systems. The authors also propose a specific biopsychological model of affective priming phenomena and show how this model deals with data that are hard to explain with purely psychological accounts. The authors conclude that a multilevel biopsychological perspective will ultimately provide a more constrained and plausible foundation for understanding psychological processes underlying affect, judgment, and decision.
Top-down controlled, delayed selection in the attentional blink.

In a previous study, it was shown that the attentional blink (AB)—the failure to recall the 2nd of 2 visual targets (T1 and T2) presented within 500 ms in rapid serial visual presentation—is reduced when T2 is preceded by a distractor that shares a feature with T2 (e.g., color; Nieuwenstein, Chun, van der Lubbe & Hooge, 2005). Here, this cuing effect is shown to be contingent on attentional set. For example, a red distractor letter preceding a green digit T2 is an effective cue when the task is to look for red and green digits, but the same red cue is relatively ineffective when the task is to look for only green digits or when the color of T2 is not specified. It is also shown that cuing is not interrupted by a distractor intervening between the cue and T2. These findings provide evidence for a contingent, delayed selection account of the AB.
Modeling and simulating critical infrastructures and their interdependencies

Our national security, economic prosperity, and national well-being are dependent upon a set of highly interdependent critical infrastructures. Examples of these infrastructures include the national electrical grid, oil and natural gas systems, telecommunication and information networks, transportation networks, water systems, and banking and financial systems. Given the importance of their reliable and secure operations, understanding the behavior of these infrastructures - particularly when stressed or under attack - is crucial. Models and simulations can provide considerable insight into the complex nature of their behaviors and operational characteristics. These models and simulations must include interdependencies among infrastructures if they are to provide accurate representations of infrastructure characteristics and operations. A number of modeling and simulation approaches under development today directly address interdependencies and offer considerable insight into the operational and behavioral characteristics of critical infrastructures.
SRAM Read/Write Margin Enhancements Using FinFETs

Process-induced variations and sub-threshold leakage in bulk-Si technology limit the scaling of SRAM into sub-32 nm nodes. New device architectures are being considered to improve control and reduce short channel effects. Among the likely candidates, FinFETs are the most attractive option because of their good scalability and possibilities for further SRAM performance and yield enhancement through independent gating. The enhancements to read/write margins and yield are investigated in detail for two cell designs employing independently gated FinFETs. It is shown that FinFET-based 6-T SRAM cells designed with pass-gate feedback (PGFB) achieve significant improvements in the cell read stability without area penalty. The write-ability of the cell can be improved through the use of pull-up write gating (PUWG) with a separate write word line (WWL). The benefits of these two approaches are complementary and additive, allowing for simultaneous read and write yield enhancements when the PGFB and PUWG designs are used in combination.
Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunts Using Oil Red O Staining

The aims of this prospective study were to quantify steatosis in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPS) using a fat-specific stain, to compare the amount of steatosis in different lobes of the liver, and to evaluate intra- and interobserver variability in lipid point counting. Computer-assisted point counting of lipid droplets was undertaken following Oil Red O staining in 21 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts and 9 control dogs. Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts had significantly more small lipid droplets ( 9 μ) and lipogranulomas per tissue point (P = .023 and .01, respectively). In conclusion, computer-assisted counting of lipid droplets following Oil Red O staining of liver biopsy samples allows objective measurement and detection of significant differences between dogs with CPS and normal dogs. This method will allow future evaluation of the relationship between different presentations of CPS (anatomy, age, breed) and lipidosis, as well as the impact of hepatic lipidosis on outcomes following surgical shunt attenuation.
Confronting Scientific Misconceptions by Fostering a Classroom of Scientists in the Introductory Biology Lab

A fundamental component of science curricula is the understanding of scientific inquiry. Although recent trends favor using student inquiry to learn concepts through hands-on activities, it is often unclear to students where the line is drawn between the content and the process of science. This activity explicitly introduces students to the processes of science and allows the classroom to become a scientific community where independent studies are performed, shared, and revised. We designed this activity to be relatively independent of the chosen content, allowing instructors to utilize the presented framework for classes of various disciplines and education levels.
Detection and treatment of major depression in older medically ill hospitalized patients.

While major depression is common among medically ill older inpatients, little is known about the frequency of detection or appropriate treatment in this population. In the present study, 171 consecutive men age seventy and over admitted to the medical and neurological services of a VA medical center were screened for major depression. The medical records of all patients identified with this disorder were reviewed for documentation of depression by housestaff 1) prior to our evaluation and 2) throughout the rest of the hospital stay. Relative and absolute contraindications to antidepressant therapy were also sought. Of patients identified with major depression, 20 percent (3/15) had depressive symptoms documented in their charts by housestaff prior to our evaluation. After housestaff were informed of the possibility of major depression, 27 percent (4/15) of these patients eventually received psychiatric consultations, and 13 percent (2/15) had antidepressants initiated. At the time of discharge only 13 per...
Effects of trans fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials

Background: Although evidence from cohort studies has suggested that trans fatty acid (TFA) consumption may be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded conflicting results. Objective: In a meta-analysis, we combined all available RCTs that examined the role of TFA intake on glucose homeostasis. Design: A systematic review of PubMed was performed, and a total of 7 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were glucose and insulin concentrations. Secondary outcomes were total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The pooled effect size (ES) was calculated through fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses. The potential existence of publication bias was evaluated by using funnel-plot analysis. Metaregression analysis was performed to evaluate for potential dose-response relations between the ES of outcomes and TFA intake. Results: Increased TFA intake did not result in significant changes in glucose or insulin concentrations. Increased TFA intake led to a significant increase in total and LDL-cholesterol [ES (95% CI): 0.28 (0.04, 0.51) and 0.36 (0.13, 0.60), respectively] and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentrations [ES (95% CI): −0.25 (−0.48, −0.01)]. Our analysis also showed the absence of publication bias and any dose-response relations between the ES and TFA intake. Conclusions: Increased TFA intake does not result in changes in glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations but leads to an increase in total and LDL-cholesterol and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is no evidence to support a potential benefit of the reduction of dietary TFA intake on glucose homeostasis.
A Sense of Style: Learning to Love the MOUSe (Manual On Usage & Style)

Every lawyer needs a stylebook. And the best stylebook for lawyers is the MOUSe: The Texas Law Review Manual on Usage and Style. This paper explains why the MOUSe is essential to your writing and how it stacks up against other leading style guides. The old saw that “a craftsman is only as good as his tools” applies to lawyers as well as carpenters. The lawyer’s tools are words. Words are to lawyers what scalpels are to surgeons. And just as a surgeon’s careless use of a scalpel can have unintended, even disastrous results, so can a lawyer’s careless use of words. If words are tools, then a stylebook is a toolbox. A good stylebook contains all the tools — and the instructions for using those tools — necessary to craft legal prose that conveys complex ideas as simply, concisely, and precisely as possible. The MOUSe contains all of the writing tools a lawyer needs. And because the MOUSe is itself simple, concise, and precise, it is the best stylebook for lawyers. The article includes a table comparing several frules from the MOUSe to equivalent rules from other leading stylebooks.
Caregivers as comptrollers: women and long-term care and cost containment.

The emphasis on cost containment that was the hallmark of the Reagan Administration and the shining of the burden for long-term care onto the informal sector have had a particularly negative impact on women. Women through caregiving are used to help control the public cost of long-term care. This unwritten policy is unlikely to be successful because of a number of factors: (1) the economic condition of women; (2) the lack of available and affordable community services; and (3) the types of social relationships we now have.
Biology of the Predaceous Mite Typhlodromus rickeri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

Typhlodromus rickeri Chant, introduced into California from India, fed and reproduced readily in the laboratory on the eriophyid Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) and on a variety of tetranychids, including Panonychus citri (McGregor), Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval), Eotetranychus lewisi (McGregor), and Oligonychus punicae (Hirst). Limited feeding and reproduction took place on pollen, scale crawlers, and honeydew. At 72°F the average generation time from egg to egg was 9.4 days. Average oviposition rate of young females ranged from 0.7 eggs per day at 60° to nearly 2 per day at 75°-8O°F. Multiple mating was necessary for continued oviposition. At 75°F, ovipositing females that were fed only adults of Tetranychus pacificus consumed an average of 4.3 adults per day, and those fed only protonymphs consumed 13.4 protonymphs per day. Cultures of T. rickeri originating from 2 geographically and climatically different areas of India exhibited differential survival at low temperatures. Several apparent biological differences between T. rickeri and the common indigenous species on citrus are discussed.
Shared cataloging: some remaining issues

During the summer of 1985 the authors wrote "Shared Cataloging: Some Remaining Issues" as a background document for discussions of the Committee on Bibliographic Control of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). The paper identifies five factors which result in duplication of original cataloging and inhibit shared cataloging programs among research libraries. Several mechanisms whereby duplication of original cataloging efforts can be minimized in order to increase the efficacy of shared cataloging programs are described. The paper concludes by enumerating eight recommendations for further investigation.
Postmodernist Psychobabble: The Recovery Movement for Individual Self-Esteem in Mental Health Since World War II

By the middle 1990s the recovery movement for personal self-esteem and, thus, mental health for the individual, had reached a new level of penetration into American culture. Many commentators and interpreters of contemporary affairs judged the President of the United States, Bill Clinton, a potential recruit. As the archetypical adult child of an alcoholic parent—the product of a dysfunctional family if there ever was one, according to the movement's clerics-Clinton seemed lacking in selfesteem. His painful childhood was the culprit. And recovery was the solution. In a word, he was too anxious to please his critics—the classic trademark of the adult child of an alcoholic parent. Contemporary therapists taught that such persons were placaters of their critics because of the emotional abuse that their parents had inflicted on them, often for no apparent reason. The damaged child, regardless of his or her chronological age, could not, without appropriate therapy and personal “recovery,” ever get over such incidents, which were seared into their psychological and neurophysiological apparatus.
Health Versus Appearance Versus Body Competence: A Content Analysis Investigating Frames of Health Advice in Women’s Health Magazines

The present study investigated the extent to which women's health magazines advise readers to adopt healthy behaviors in order to look good (appearance frame), in order to feel good (health frame), or in order to perform better (body competence frame). A content analysis of 5 years of the 6 highest circulating U.S. women's health magazines revealed a higher frequency of health frames (32.6%) than appearance frames (24.8%) overall, but when beauty/health hybrid magazines (i.e., Shape and Self) were examined separately, appearance frames (32.8%) outnumbered health frames (26.5%). Compared to appearance and health frames, body competence frames were underrepresented (13.3% in the full sample). The visual sexual objectification of female models in women's health magazines was also investigated. Appearance-framed articles (43.2%) were significantly more likely to visually depict women with a high degree of skin exposure than health-framed articles (17.4%), and appearance-framed articles (34.8%) were more likely to focus on individual body parts than health-framed articles (21.3%). In addition, despite the magazines' editorial focus on health, the most frequent category of products advertised was appearance-enhancing products. Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997).
Effect of Collaborative vs Noncollaborative Quizzes on Examination Scores in a Pharmaceutical Calculations Course

Objective. To determine if midterm and final examination scores in a pharmaceutical calculations course differ among students who take weekly quizzes collaboratively, noncollaboratively, or half-collaboratively/half-noncollaboratively (“mixed”).Methods. One hundred twenty-three students enrolled in one of 4 laboratory sections: collaborative, noncollaborative, or mixed sections. Students working noncollaboratively completed a 15-minute quiz at the end of weekly laboratories. Students working collaboratively were randomly allocated into groups of 4 and worked independently for 5 minutes before working collaboratively for 10 minutes. Students in mixed sections worked collaboratively during one half of the semester and noncollaboratively during the other half of the semester in a crossover design to control for order effect. All students took midterm and final examinations independently.Results. Mean scores for a pretest did not significantly differ between the 4 laboratory sections at the study’s onset. Mul...
Rifts and Passive Margins: Structural Architecture, Thermal Regimes, and Petroleum Systems

Rifts and passive margins are extremely important for the petroleum industry, as they are areas of high sedimentation and can contain significant oil and gas resources. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of rifts and passive margins as a whole. It synthesises in one volume the existing information devoted to specific aspects of these vitally important hydrocarbon habitats. This collection of state-of-the-art information on the topic facilitates the better use of this knowledge to assess the risks of exploring and operating in these settings and the development of systematic and predictive hydrocarbon screening tools. The book will be invaluable for a broad range of readers, from advanced geology students and researchers to exploration geoscientists to exploration managers exploring for and developing hydrocarbon resources in analogous settings.