cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Loading into Chewing Gum Base

The sorption and loading of liquid and supercritical CO2 into chewing gum base spheres with radii of 0.5 cm was experimentally explored over the temperature and pressure ranges of 25−45 °C and 70−276 bar, respectively. Maximum loading amounts were found to be independent of temperature and to increase with increasing CO2 density. The time required to achieve maximum loading decreased with increasing temperature. A loading as high as 0.094 g of CO2 per gram of gum base was achieved. The sorption process was modeled by unsteady-state radial Fickian diffusion assuming a constant diffusion coefficient at a particular temperature and pressure (CO2 density). Volume changes of the polymer blend spheres under the conditions explored were small and ignored in the modeling. Sorption diffusion coefficients were on the order of 10-10 m2/s and increased with increasing temperature and CO2 density.
Far infrared optical properties of indium antimonide

Abstract The reflectivity of indium antimonide has been measured between 20 and 200 cm −1 at temperatures of 100 and 300°K on an interferometric modulation spectrometer. Classical dispersion formulae for the free carrier absorption and the lattice vibrations have been fitted to the observed curves. The improved spectral purity, available with the interferometric modulator, permits a satisfactory fit and eliminates discrepancies between theory and experiment previously observed in the long wave region. The effective masses obtained from this fit are in good agreement with values obtained by other methods and the mobilities are within a factor of two of the d-c values. The feasibility of using the Kramers-Kronig transform to obtain the optical constants is also investigated.
A Study of Implementation of IEEE 802.11 a Physical Layer on a Heterogeneous Reconf1gurable Platform

Reconfigurable architectures can be effectively employed in multimode wireless platforms. A heterogeneous reconfigurable system (HERS) is presented in this work which is composed of a number of heterogeneous reconfigurable engines controlled by a RISC processor and connected through a high speed bus. Every reconfigurable engine targets a class of algorithms. M2 and RECFEC are two reconfigurable engines employed in HERS to perform the baseband processing of a soft implementation of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN. M2 handles the modem processing and RECFEC performs the channel coding.
Consuming Fuel and Fuelling Consumption: Modelling Human Caloric Demands and Fuelwood Use

This paper describes a conceptual framework that was developed to integrate livestock, human, cultivation and forest constraints to model community fuelwood consumption over a 25-year planning horizon. This framework was constructed as an energy balance based on human caloric requirements in order to examine the effects of household-level decisions for nutrition, fuelwood and land use. A scenario from a virtual community in Uganda is presented to illustrate the utility of this model to allow rapid policy and scenario evaluation. User-defined inputs combined with published research data are used in simulating resource responses and energy consumption rates. This model is a potential tool to monitor fuelwood consumption and to understand the implications of various land-use practices.
‘Tweaking 12-Step’: the potential role of 12-Step self-help group involvement in methamphetamine recovery

Aims To determine from a review of the available literature the extent to which involvement in 12-Step mutual support groups could play a role in the recovery process for individuals abusing or dependent on methamphetamine. Method Review of the literature on outcomes associated with 12-Step meeting attendance and involvement in 12-Step activities among substance abusers, particularly those who abuse stimulants. Results There are few if any data available on methamphetamine abusers and their use of 12-Step approaches. Evidence derived from work with alcohol- and cocaine-dependent individuals indicates that involvement in 12-Step self-help groups, both attending meetings and engaging in 12-Step activities, is associated with reduced substance use and improved outcomes. Although involvement in 12-Step fellowship improves outcome, many individuals do not engage on their own in 12-Step activities, and there are high rates of dropout from such groups. There are a number of evidence-based therapies available to assist clinicians in facilitating 12-Step involvement; however, these have not been used with methamphetamine abusers. While there are some potential barriers to adopting manualized treatment interventions into clinical practice, the familiarity, in community-based practice, of the 12-Step approach may make this easier. Conclusion More actively integrating 12-Step approaches into the treatment process may provide low- or no-cost options for methamphetamine abusers and increase the capacity for providing treatment. Further research and evaluation are necessary to determine the extent to which methamphetamine abusers do engage in 12-Step self-help programs, whether they prefer more general (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous) or drug-specific (e.g. Crystal Meth Anonymous) meetings, the rate of dropout and the outcomes associated with their involvement. Further, the efficacy of efforts to facilitate involvement of methamphetamine abusers in such 12-Step groups needs to be determined.
Effects of adrenalectomy and Type I or Type II glucocorticoid receptor activation on AVP and CRH mRNA in the rat hypothalamus

Abstract The brain contains two types of adrenal steroid receptors, which play a role in mediating adrenal steroid effects on neuropeptide and other types of gene expression in discrete brain regions. Because the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVN) have adrenal steroid-sensitive neuropeptide systems, they provide a bench-mark to assess the doses of receptor agonists that may act selectively via Type I and Type II receptors. In the present study, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to examine the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and Type I and Type II receptor agonists on arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA in rat brain. In agreement with previous reports, adrenal steroid regulation of AVP and CRH mRNA was found to be mediated primarily through the Type II receptor. Furthermore, adrenalectomy significantly increased AVP mRNA in the parvocelluar region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and systemic administration of the specific Type II agonist, RU28362 (10 μg/μ1/h), as well as corticosterone (CORT) pellets of 50 and 300 mg, prevented this increase. CRH mRNA was not significantly increased after ADX, but was markedly decreased in the PVN of rats receiving either RU28362 or a 300 mg pellet of CORT. Aldosterone, a specific Type I agonist, did not significantly affect either AVP or CRH mRNA levels when administered at 10 μg/h. Moreover, in the magnocellular regions of the PVN and SON AVP mRNA did not vary as a function of steroid manipulation. Results for PVN are compared to changes in gene products in hippocampus produced by the same doses of Type I and Type II agonists, in which Type I receptors appear to have a significant role.
Magnetite–melt HFSE partitioning

Abstract Results from doped, hydrous experiments on natural mafic-to intermediate-composition lavas at 2–5 kbar pressure were combined with existing 1 atm data to evaluate the effects of composition and temperature on the partitioning behavior of the high field strength elements (HFSE), Zr, Nb, Ta and Hf between magnetite and natural silicate melts. Magnetite composition was found to be the strongest controlling factor on partitioning behavior. The partition coefficients ( D ) for Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta correlate with D Ti , Ti and Al content of the magnetite, temperature and pressure. The partition coefficients for the HFSE are similar to one another for any given magnetite–melt pair, but range from 2 in titanomagnetite. In addition, the relationship between Ti and the HFSE changes as a function of pressure and temperature, with the HFSE becoming more incompatible relative to Ti at lower temperatures and/or higher pressures. This change in the relationship between D Ti and D HFSE with temperature and pressure means that the expressions presented in Nielsen et al. (1994) [Nielsen, R.L., Forsythe, L.M., Gallaghan, W.E., Fisk, M.R., 1994. Major and trace element magnetite–melt partitioning. Chem. Geol. 117, 167–191.] are not valid for hydrous, aluminous systems. Expressions were derived to describe the relationship between D HFSE and temperature, pressure, Fe 2+ /Mg exchange, Ti/Al ratio of the magnetite, and D Ti . These expressions reproduce the input data within 35–50% (1 σ ) over a range extending from highly incompatible to compatible (
Testing for foods derived from modern biotechnology: opportunities and limitations for metrology

Various countries have established labeling schemes for food derived from modern biotechnology. As a consequence, test methods need to be available to industry and regulators. The three test options, bioassays, protein-based and DNA-based test methods, are discussed. None of these methods is able to directly measure the percentage of foods derived from modern biotechnology by weight (weight-%), the unit in which most of the thresholds for food labeling in the different countries (if any) have been established. The conversion of the measurement units to weight-% is difficult to achieve and influenced by a number of biological factors. Metrology can aid the standardization of methods enormously by defining clearly the relationships between measurement units and other units of interest (e.g. legal thresholds).
Bacterial endocarditis and renal failure in a 10-year-old boy.

A 10-year-old boy with bacterial endocarditis developed acute renal failure. This is a rarely seen complication in the pediatric age group. The ultimate renal prognosis is good if the bacterial endocarditis is successfully treated. The eventual recovery of this child following a partial tricuspid valvectomy emphasizes the necessity of an aggressive, multidisciplinary approach for this still lethal disease.
Managing the diffusion of organizational learning behavior

This paper addresses the need for organizations to manage the transformation from traditional hierarchical models to `learning organizations.' We propose a five-stage methodology useful in the diffusion of behaviors associated with organizational learning (OL) theory. The stages of OL diffusion are (1) agenda-setting, (2) matching, (3) restructuring, (4) clarifying, and (5) routinizing. Each stage involves both managerial (structural) or member (cultural) influences on organizational memory (OM). Salient definitions are provided and the OM aspects and deliverables associated with each OL diffusion stage are discussed. This research provides a theoretically-driven approach to help change agents diffuse and realize the potential of OL behavior in the firm.
Urethral complications of urinary catheterization presenting as primary scrotal masses: Sonographic diagnosis

We report on 2 debilitated male patients who had penile urethral complications of transurethral catheter drainage. One patient had a urethral diverticulum, and the other had a Foley catheter misplaced through a urethral perforation. Both lesions mimicked primary intrascrotal masses on physical examination and were therefore evaluated by scrotal sonography. The correct diagnosis of each lesion required careful examination of the mass and its anatomic relationship to the adjacent urethra. Penile urethral complications of catheterization in debilitated patients must be included in the differential diagnosis of scrotal cystic masses. These cases also emphasize the necessity of a thorough sonographic examination that extends beyond the specific area of presumed clinical interest. Published 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* J Clin Ultrasound 26:261–264, 1998. Published 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.1
Improving video activity recognition using object recognition and text mining

Recognizing activities in real-world videos is a challenging AI problem. We present a novel combination of standard activity classification, object recognition, and text mining to learn effective activity recognizers without ever explicitly labeling training videos. We cluster verbs used to describe videos to automatically discover classes of activities and produce a labeled training set. This labeled data is then used to train an activity classifier based on spatio-temporal features. Next, text mining is employed to learn the correlations between these verbs and related objects. This knowledge is then used together with the outputs of an off-the-shelf object recognizer and the trained activity classifier to produce an improved activity recognizer. Experiments on a corpus of YouTube videos demonstrate the effectiveness of the overall approach.
A population genetic transect of Panicum hallii (Poaceae)

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF STUDY Understanding the relationship between climate, adaptation, and population structure is of fundamental importance to botanists because these factors are crucial for the evolution of biodiversity and the response of species to future climate change. Panicum hallii is an emerging model system for perennial grass and bioenergy research, yet very little is known about the relationship between climate and population structure in this system. • METHODS We analyzed geographic population differentiation across 39 populations of P. hallii along a longitudinal transect from the savannas of central Texas through the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico. A combination of morphological and genetic (microsatellite) analysis was used to explore patterns of population structure. • KEY RESULTS We found strong differentiation between high elevation western desert populations and lower elevation eastern populations of P. hallii, with a pronounced break in structure occurring in western Texas. In addition, we confirmed that there are high levels of morphological and genetic structure between previous recognized varieties (var. hallii and var. filipes) within this species. • CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that patterns of population structure within P. hallii may be driven by climatic variation over space. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future studies on the genetics of local adaptation and reproductive isolation in this system.
Efficacy of Bacteriophage Therapy in a Model of Burkholderia cenocepacia Pulmonary Infection

The therapeutic potential of bacteriophages (phages) in a mouse model of acute Burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection was assessed. Phage treatment was administered by either intranasal inhalation or intraperitoneal injection. Bacterial density, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were significantly reduced in lungs of mice treated with intraperitoneal phages (P < .05). No significant differences in lung bacterial density or MIP-2 levels were found between untreated mice and mice treated with intranasal phages, intraperitoneal ultraviolet-inactivated phages, or intraperitoneal lambda phage control mice. Mock-infected mice treated with phage showed no significant increase in lung MIP-2 or TNF-alpha levels compared with mock-infected/mock-treated mice. We have demonstrated the efficacy of phage therapy in an acute B. cenocepacia lung infection model. Systemic phage administration was more effective than inhalational administration, suggesting that circulating phages have better access to bacteria in lungs than do topical phages.
A Report on the Fauna of the Estuaries of the River Tamar and the River Lynher

The following is an account of a faunistic investigation covering those parts of the Rivers Tamar and Lynher which are affected by the tide, and was carried out during a period of six months from June to November, 1928.Description of the Area.The Tamar forms a portion of the boundary between Devon and Cornwall and flows in a southerly direction along a more or less winding course. (Chart.) The extent of the stream dealt with is from Plymouth Sound to Weir Head, some 19 miles inland measured along the water course. For about 6 miles downstream from Weir Head, the valley is rather narrow with rock exposures at different places on the convex side of bends, the water being confined to a well-defined channel with steep sides, which are uncovered by the vertical contraction of the stream at low water. The remainder of the river, down to the sea has, generally, a mud bank on each side, except at occasional bends where rock is present, which is exposed at low water by the lateral contraction due to reduction in level. The upper 4 miles of this region has narrower mud-banks than has the lower portion. These mud-banks or -flats are for the greater part more or less plane surfaces, which may slope gradually into the bed of the main channel, as happens in the lower portion of the area, or they may slope suddenly downwards at the edge, thus forming a well-marked bank to the main channel. In many cases their landward edges lie below high-water neap tide, but in others they slope imperceptibly into the adjoining land surface.
Extended wideband cyclic MUSIC

Cyclostationarity has been introduced to direction of arrival (DOA) estimation due to its immunity to interference and noise. In this paper, we propose a MUSIC-like DOA estimation algorithm which can be applied to wideband cyclostationary signals. By exploiting both cyclic and cyclic conjugate correlations, the new algorithm not only applies to wideband signals, but the performance is also substantially improved. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the new algorithm can detect DOAs of more wideband sources than the number of antennas simultaneously. Simulations confirm the theoretical findings.
Radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin

SUMMARY We estimate radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin by jointly fitting regional S and Love waveform trains and fundamental-mode Love-wave group velocities. About 3600 wave trains with S and Love waves and 5700 Love-wave group velocity dispersion curves are jointly inverted for SH-velocity perturbations from a pre-existing, 3-D SV-velocity model. These perturbations are predominantly positive (SH faster than SV) and consistent with PREM, but our model also shows significant lateral variation in radial anisotropy that appears to be correlated with tectonic environment. SH waves travel faster than SV wave beneath backarc basins, oceans and orogenic belts such as the Tyrrhenian and Pannonian basins, the Ionian Sea, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides and the Caucasus. The Algero-Provencal basin, however, is underlain by faster SV velocity. Faster SV velocity of radial anisotropy is also detected within cratons such as the East European platform and the Arabian shield. Beneath hotspots we detect a change in radial anisotropic polarity with depth, which may be caused by transition between the lattice-preferred orientation from horizontal deformation in the asthenosphere and the shape-preferred orientation from vertically oriented melt channels in the lithosphere. We also find significant portion of radial anisotropy within subducting slabs depends on the slab's dip angle.
A tight bound on the diameter of one dimensional PEC networks

The diameter of a packed exponential connections (PEC) network on N nodes is shown to be theta ( square root log N*2 square root /sup (2log/ /sup N)/, where log N denotes log to the base 2. The present results can be extended to the case of two-dimensional PEC networks. >
A wireless MAC protocol using implicit pipelining

In distributed multiple access control protocols, two categories of overhead are usually associated with contention resolution. One is channel idle overhead, where all contending stations are waiting to transmit. Another is collision overhead, which occurs when multiple contending stations attempt to transmit simultaneously. Either idle overhead or collision overhead being large, contention resolution algorithm would be inefficient. Prior research work tries to minimize both the idle and the collision overheads using various methods. In this paper, we propose to apply "pipelining" techniques to the design of multiple access control protocol so that channel idle overhead could be (partially) hidden and the collision overhead could be reduced. While the concept of pipelined scheduling can be applied to various MAC protocol designs in general, in this paper, we focus on its application to IEEE 802.11 DCF. In particular, an implicitly pipelined dual-stage contention resolution MAC protocol (named DSCR) is proposed. With IEEE 802.11, the efficiency of contention resolution degrades dramatically with the increasing load due to high probability of collision. Using the implicit pipelining technique, DSCR hides the majority of channel idle time and reduces the collision probability, hence, improves channel utilization, average access delay, and access energy cost over 802.11 significantly both in wireless LANs and in multihop networks. The simulation results, as well as some analysis, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of DSCR.
Message progression in parallel computing - to thread or not to thread?

Message progression schemes that enable communication and computation to be overlapped have the potential to improve the performance of parallel applications. With currently available high-performance networks there are several options for making progress: manual progression, use of a progress thread, and communication offload. In this paper we analyze threaded progression approaches, comparing the effects of using shared or dedicated CPU cores for progression. To perform these comparisons, we propose time-based and work-based benchmark schemes. As expected, threaded progression performs well when a spare core is available to be dedicated to communication progression, but a number of operating system effects prevent the same benefits from being obtained when communication progress must share a core with computation. We show that some limited performance improvement can be obtained in the shared-core case by real-time scheduling of the progress thread.
Measuring psychological well-being in cognitively impaired persons:

An objective measure of psychological well-being (a previously understudied outcome for persons with dementia) was developed and tested as part of a longitudinal study (n= 96 participant pairs; n= 73 pairs remaining at 18 months). The reliability and validity of the Psychological Well-being in Cognitively Impaired Persons (PWB-CIP) scale was examined as a measure of one dimension of quality of life (QoL) as persons progress in the disease. The original 16-item PWB-CIP Likert-type scale required only five to 10 minutes to complete and was reduced to 11 items following factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was .79 at baseline and .82 at 18 months. Two subscales were identified: positive affect/interaction and negative affect/interaction. One item ('involved in a single activity for > five minutes') loaded on a different subscale at baseline (early disease stages) compared to 18 months (reflecting disease progression). The internal consistency of the two subscales remained acceptable across t...
Distinct patterns of oesophageal shortening during primary peristalsis, secondary peristalsis and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation

This study characterized oesophageal shor- tening during secondary peristalsis and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLOSR) in an attempt to determine its contribution to the opening mechanism. Eight healthy subjects (four males, 26 ± 1 years) had metal clips affixed at 0, +3, and +8 cm relative to the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), defining two distal oesophageal segments. Axial clip movement was assessed with concurrent videofluo- roscopy and manometry during primary peristalsis, secondary peristalsis and TLOSR. Clip-defined oeso- phageal segment length change was measured at 0.5-s intervals. The magnitude of the most distal segment shortening was least with TLOSR, greatest with pri- mary peristalsis and intermediate with secondary peristalsis. Conversely, maximal overall oesophageal shortening during TLOSR, evidenced by SCJ move- ment, was similar to that during primary peristalsis. In 3/12 TLOSRs, the moment of LOS opening and gas reflux was optimally imaged; SCJ excursion was 0.3 ± 0.1 cm prior to LOS opening and 1.4 ± 0.7 cm immediately after gas reflux. The segmental pattern of oesophageal shortening was distinct during primary peristalsis, secondary peristalsis and TLOSR. During TLOSR, significant elevation of the SCJ occurred only after LOS opening, suggesting that this was a conse- quence of oesophageal distension induced by gas reflux rather than a component of the opening mech- anism.
Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators

Chapter 4 provides a preliminary look at the phenomena to which we now turn : the phenomena typical of aggregates of oscillators. Just as the oscillator populations of physics comprise a very special case with very special properties (associated with linearity, energy conservation, etc.), so did the simple clocks of Chapter 4 comprise another very special case with very special properties (associated with the one-dimensionality of their state space). My objective in this chapter is to organize under the same four headings as in Chapter 4 some discussions and examples of what I take to be the characteristic behavior of attractor cycle oscillators in populations and communities. Such oscillators can have any number (> 2) of variables mutually determining their rates of change in nonlinear ways. Linear oscillators, conservative oscillators, and simple clocks are special limiting cases of the attractor cycle oscillators considered in this chapter.
Sensitivity of boreal-summer circulation and precipitation to atmospheric aerosols in selected regions &ndash Part 2: The Americas

Aerosol perturbations over selected land regions are imposed in Version-4 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-4) general circulation model (GCM) to as- sess the influence of increasing aerosol concentrations on re- gional circulation patterns and precipitation in four selected regions: India, Africa, and North and South America. Part 1 of this paper addresses the responses to aerosol perturbations in India and Africa. This paper presents the same for aerosol perturbations over the Americas. GEOS-4 is forced with pre- scribed aerosols based on climatological data, which inter- act with clouds using a prognostic scheme for cloud micro- physics including aerosol nucleation of water and ice cloud hydrometeors. In clear-sky conditions the aerosols inter- act with radiation. Thus the model includes comprehensive physics describing the aerosol direct and indirect effects on climate (hereafter ADE and AIE respectively). Each simula- tion is started from analyzed initial conditions for 1 May and was integrated through June-July-August of each of the six years: 1982-1987 to provide a 6-ensemble set. Results are presented for the difference between simulations with dou- ble the climatological aerosol concentration and one-half the climatological aerosol concentration for three experiments: two where the ADE and AIE are applied separately and one in which both the ADE and AIE are applied. The ADE and AIE both yield reductions in net radiation at the top of the atmosphere and surface while the direct absorption of short- wave radiation contributes a net radiative heating in the atmo- sphere. A large net heating of the atmosphere is also apparent over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean that is attributable to the large aerosol perturbation imposed over Africa. This atmospheric warming and the depression of the surface pres- sure over North America contribute to a northward shift of the inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over northern South America, an increase in precipitation over Central America and the Caribbean, and an enhancement of convergence in the North American monsoon region.
Persistent organic pollutants in plastic marine debris found on beaches in San Diego, California

Plastic debris were collected from eight beaches around San Diego County, California. Debris collected include: pre-production pellets and post-consumer plastics including fragments, polystyrene (PS) foam, and rubber. A total of n = 2453 pieces were collected ranging from <5 mm to 50 mm in size. The plastic pieces were separated by type, location, and appearance and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its breakdown products, and chlordanes. PAH concentrations ranged from 30 ng g(-1) to 1900 ng g(-1), PCBs from non-detect to 47 ng g(-1), chlordanes from 1.8 ng g(-1) to 60 ng g(-1), and DDTs from non-detect to 76 ng g(-1). Consistently higher PAH concentrations found in PS foam samples (300-1900 ng g(-1)) led us to examine unexposed PS foam packaging materials and PS virgin pellets. Unexposed PS foam contained higher concentrations of PAHs (240-1700 ng g(-1)) than PS virgin pellets (12-15 ng g(-1)), suggesting that PAHs may be produced during manufacturing. Temporal trends of debris were investigated at one site, Ocean Beach, where storm events and beach maintenance were found to be important variables influencing debris present at a given time.
Interpersonal Dominance in Relational Conflict: A View from Dyadic Power Theory

This investigation uses dyadic power theory (Dunbar, 2004; Dunbar & Burgoon, 2005a; Rollins & Bahr, 1976) to offer competing hypotheses examining the relationship between power and dominance in close relationships. Forty-seven couples engaged in a conversation while being videotaped; the tapes were coded by third-party observers for dominance. Participants rated themselves to be the most dominant when they were equal to their partners in power, followed by those who perceived they were more powerful relative to their partners. Men and women had different perceptions of power and dominance in their relationships. Men’s perceptions of power were not related to their behavioral dominance whereas when women saw themselves as more powerful, they viewed their partners as more dominant.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Vibration Data and Tool Wear During End-Milling of Gamma-Prime Strengthened Alloys

Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) systems are crucial for today’s high accuracy machining of exotic materials. For reliable results, CBM systems need early and reliable warning based on prediction models that use multiple types of sensors. In this study, tool flank wear during end milling difficult-to-machine alloys was measured using an optical microscope. Then, vibration data collected with an accelerometer was investigated for its relationship to tool flank wear. The developed relationship between accelerometer output and tool flank wear was validated with further experiments. It was observed from frequency domain responses of these outputs that specific harmonics of the tool pass frequency were dominant, and tool flank wear can be related to the amplitude of these harmonics during machining. This way, it was shown that through accurate online prediction of tool wear, premature interruption of the process as well as machining with a worn tool can both be avoided, improving end-product quality as well as reducing machining costs.© 2015 ASME
Carbachol-induced protein phosphorylation in parietal cells: regulation by [Ca2+]i

1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM), an intracellular calcium [( Ca2+]i) chelator, was used to investigate the role of [Ca2+]i in acid secretory activity and protein phosphorylation in parietal cells from rabbit. Chelation of extracellular calcium [( Ca2+]o) with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid did not prevent the initial carbachol-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i as measured with the fluorescent Ca2+ probe, fura-2, and only partially inhibited [14C]-aminopyrine (AP) accumulation, an indirect indicator of acid secretory activity. [Ca2+]i chelation with BAPTA/AM eliminated carbachol-stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i and AP accumulation but only transiently reduced histamine stimulation of AP accumulation. Carbachol increased phosphorylation of a 36-kDa, pI approximately 7 protein (pp36) and transient phosphorylation of a 28-kDa, pI approximately 5 protein (pp28), whereas histamine increased phosphorylation of 40-kDa, pI approximately 6.5 (pp40) and 27-kDa, pI approximately 6.2 (pp27) proteins. Phosphorylation of pp36 and pp28 were mimicked by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, respectively. Two other phosphoproteins with molecular weights of 66,000 and pIs of 5.7 and 5.9 were also phosphorylated in response to TPA and carbachol. Chelation of [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]o blocked carbachol-induced phosphorylation of pp28 and pp36 and ionomycin phosphorylation of pp28 but not TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of pp36 or the two pp66s or histamine-stimulated phosphorylation of pp27 or pp40. Chelation of [Ca2+]i alone did not block increases in [Ca2+]i or phosphorylation of pp28 in response to ionomycin. Both pp28 and pp36 were localized in both microsomal and cytosolic fractions of cells, which suggests involvement in cytoskeleton-membrane interactions. These phosphoproteins could be common elements of Ca2+-dependent stimulus-secretion coupling as similar proteins were phosphorylated by carbachol and cholecystokinin (CCK) in chief cells. Based on data with TPA and ionomycin, both protein kinase C and an as yet unidentified Ca2+-dependent protein kinase(s) appear to be activated upon stimulation with cholinergic agonists and CCK.
Effective Interactions for Personalizing Spatial Visualizations of Collections

Interactive spatial visualizations powered by machine learning will help us explore and understand large collections in meaningful ways, but little is yet known about the design space of interactions. We ran a pilot user study to compare two different interaction techniques: a "grouping?" interaction adapted from interactive clustering, and an existing "positioning?" interaction. We identified three important dimensions of the interaction design space that inform future design of more intuitive and expressive interactions.
Survey of Stored-Food Insects and other Alaskan Insect Pests

The cosmopolitan pantry pests, in their perambulations around the world, have not missed Alaska, but specific reports of their occurrence are relatively scarce. Chamberlin (1949) mentioned 11 species and, without giving distributional data, noted that 3 were common: Mediterranean flour moth, a spider beetle, and the saw-tooth grain beetle. List 1 is a compilation of all known records of stored-food insects in Alaska.
Improved Detection of Lymphoid Cell Surface Antigens in Tissues Fixed in Periodate–Lysine–Paraformaldehyde (PLP)

Stabilization of cell surface antigens and preservation of tissue morphologic characteristics are important for diagnostic immunologic studies. Current reports continue to regard unfixed frozen sections as the material of choice for immunoperoxidase studies of lymphoproliferative diseases. In this study, periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) is shown to be a valuable fixative for the improved detection of surface antigens in lymphoid tissue. In cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease, more frequent detection of diagnostic markers and ease of interpretation was demonstrated by use of PLP-fixed frozen tissue as compared with unfixed frozen tissue. Immunoglobulin staining was more easily interpreted in 30% of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In Hodgkin's disease, Ki-1 antigen, a diagnostic marker of Reed-Sternberg cells, was found in PLP-fixed tissue from two cases in which this antigen was not detected in corresponding unfixed frozen tissue. The authors have demonstrated that PLP-fixed tissue can be sent to a central reference laboratory at ambient or room temperature, avoiding the expense and inconvenience of transporting specimens on dry ice. The authors conclude that PLP fixation is the preferred method for immunopathologic study of human lymphomas.
Separating Males and Females of the Hickory Shuckworm, Laspeyresia caryana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), by Sexual Characters

Expanding research on sex attractants and sterilization of insects has caused an increasing need for techniques of mass rearing and concomitant methods of quick and accurate separation of sexes. At Albany, Georgia the primary pest of pecan trees being investigated to this end is the hickory shuckworm, Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), which is very small and thus difficult to handle or sex in any stage.
The effects of meprobamate upon the aversive threshold of rats

An attempt was made to assay the analgesic potency of orally administered meprobamate (50, 100 mg) in the rat, using the spatial preference technique. This drug was able to raise the aversive threshold when administered in a dose of 100 mg. This same dose, however, also significantly reduced the number of motor responses made during threshold testing. These results were interpreted to suggest that meprobamate produces its effects on the aversive threshold indirectly by inhibiting the execution of the escape response.
Forward Osmosis Processes in the Limit of Osmotic Equilibrium

Forward osmosis processes are an emerging set of technologies that show promise in the treatment of complex and impaired water streams (e.g., those encountered in industrial wastewater treatment and the extraction of unconventional oil resources). The effective operation of these systems requires that the operating conditions be chosen wisely based on the membrane to be used and the streams to be treated. In this work, to aid in the design of these systems, an analytical model was developed that describes the module-level performance (i.e., water recovery rate and separation factors of the feed and draw solutes) for cocurrent and countercurrent forward osmosis systems in the thermodynamic limit of osmotic equilibrium. In the limit of osmotic equilibrium, the model expresses the recovery rate and separation factors in terms of the operating conditions (e.g., the flow rates and concentrations of the feed and draw solutions) and the characteristic membrane transport properties (e.g., the hydraulic and solute...
Prospect of Smart Energy Resource Grid

The research item called "Development model and implementation scheme of China smart energy resource grid",that is approved in 2009,has been completed and its results were announced home and abroad in 2010,which are highly appraised and approved by authoritative organizations such as International Smart Grid Alliance and so on.On the basis of expounding the results of the research item,the problems,such as the leading features of the proposed smart energy resource grid that pushes the reform in industrial sectors,including electric power,petroleum/natural gas,energy storage,water works,building,communications and transportation as well as the conformity of smart grid being developed with smart energy resource grid,are analyzed and discussed.
264 THE DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF ATTENUATION CORRECTION OF SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING FOR THE DETECTION OF LAD DISEASE.

Objectives Attenuation correction (AC) in combination with SPECT imaging has been shown to decrease false-positive results and thereby increase the specificity of myocardial perfusion imaging. Some patients have been shown to have new perfusion defects on AC that are not apparent with conventional reconstruction (CR). The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic significance of perfusion defects in the LAD territory noted only on attenuation-corrected stress images. Methods 150 patients (105 males, 45 females) who had undergone a 2-day rest Tl-201/stress Tc-99m tetrafosmin gated SPECT protocol and subsequent coronary angiography within 3 months were studied. All images were acquired using VantagePro/Ex SPECT II (ADAC). The studies were processed with CR and with AC and were interpreted blindly by two expert readers. Scan findings were correlated with angiographic disease by quantitative coronary angiography, and the CR and AC studies were compared for their accuracy in detecting angiographic evidence of LAD stenosis (> 50%). Statistical comparisons were performed using a comparison of two proportions and the McNemar9s test. Results The patients had a mean age of 61 years (6 11.7 years); 15% had diabetes mellitus, 35% had hypertension, 40% had hyperlipidemia, and 10% were active smokers. The sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in the LAD territory increased from 64% using CR images to 92% with AC (p Conclusions New perfusion defects identified using attenuation-corrected images are highly accurate in identifying significant CAD in the distribution of the LAD territory. The use of AC resulted in the improved detection of CAD over uncorrected SPECT studies.
The Coherent State in the Heavy Fermion CeCu6

Coherence is found to have a dramatic effect on the Hall constant in heavy fermion systems. A high temperature incoherent scattering region, a transition regime, and a low temperature coherent regime are clearly distinguished. The coherent behavior occurs at temperatures an order of magnitude smaller than the Fermi temperature which characterizes the low temperature electronic specific heat. This fact together with the abruptness with which coherence effects disappear raises the possibility that a new temperature scale is required to characterize coherence in these systems.
Power implications of high resolution timer tick settings

Extending the battery life by reducing the power impact of software applications is becoming increasingly important in mobile computing systems. Several power estimation tools are being developed for software applications, but a gap exists in using them to instrument software applications for better power footprint. In this paper, we analyze idle and active power management scenarios of software applications and target minimizing OS-application interaction as our goal for obtaining power savings. A timer tick varying strategy is shown to reduce power consumption by 3 Watts for multimedia playback software.
5.19 – Reproductive Aging of Neuroendocrine Systems

The neural transition of perimenopause is a midlife transition state in the female that occurs in the context of a fully functioning neurological system and results in reproductive senescence. While viewed as a reproductive transition, the symptoms of the perimenopause are largely neurological in nature. Neurological symptoms that emerge during the perimenopause are indicative of disruption in multiple estrogen-regulated systems including thermoregulation, sleep and circadian rhythms, sensory processing, affect and multiple domains of cognitive function. Through the estrogen receptor (ER) network, estrogen functions as a master regulator to ensure that the brain effectively responds at rapid, intermediate, and long time scales to coordinate signaling and transcriptional pathways that regulate energy metabolism in brain. The ER network becomes uncoupled from the bioenergetic system during the perimenopausal transition and, as a corollary, a hypometabolic state associated with neurological dysfunction emerges. For some women this may increase risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease. Conversely, the perimenopause represents a window of opportunity to prevent age-related neurological disease. This chapter considers the significance of perimenopausal neurological symptoms, their relationship to the estrogenic receptor network control of brain metabolism, and the parallels between the perimenopause and transition state dynamics. Further, gaps in mechanistic and clinical understanding of the perimenopause are considered. The perimenopause fulfills criteria for a ‘critical period’ in the neuroadaptive landscape of aging in the female brain. For some, this critical transition period can be a tipping point for the emergence of neurological disease in later life.
Outcome analysis of continuous intraoperative renal replacement therapy in the highest acuity liver transplant recipients: A single-center experience

Background Orthotopic liver transplantation is the definitive treatment modality for patients with end-stage liver disease. Pre–orthotopic liver transplantation renal dysfunction has a significant negative influence on outcomes post–orthotopic liver transplantation. Intraoperative renal replacement therapy is an adjunctive therapy to address the metabolic challenges during orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with a high acuity of illness. The impact of intraoperative renal replacement therapy on post–orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes, however, is unclear. Methods From October of 2012 to April of 2016, 96 adult patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Three groups were identified: (1) Group I: patients with pre–orthotopic liver transplantation renal dysfunction who underwent intraoperative renal replacement therapy, (2) Group II: patients with pre–orthotopic liver transplantation renal dysfunction who did not receive intraoperative renal replacement therapy, and (3) Group III: patients with orthotopic liver transplantation without evidence of pretransplant renal dysfunction. Results At 17.7 months follow-up, there was no difference in survival among the study groups. Physiologic model for end-stage liver disease at the time of orthotopic liver transplantation was significantly higher in both groups with renal dysfunction (I = 43, II = 39) than in Group III (18). Post–orthotopic liver transplantation, 12-month patient survival in Group II was 100%. While the model for end-stage liver disease score at orthotopic liver transplantation was significantly different between Group I and Group III, the 12-month, post–orthotopic liver transplantation patient survival was comparable at 78% vs 88%, respectively. Conclusion Intraoperative renal replacement therapy is a safe adjunctive therapy during liver transplantation of critically ill patients with renal dysfunction. Identifying patients who require intraoperative renal replacement therapy would improve intraoperative and post–liver transplant survival and may facilitate recovery of native kidney function after transplant.
Band Tailing and Deep Defect States in CH3NH3Pb(I1–xBrx)3 Perovskites As Revealed by Sub-Bandgap Photocurrent

Organometal halide perovskite semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications because of the outstanding charge carrier transport properties, achieved with low-temperature synthesis. Here, we present highly sensitive sub-bandgap external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements of Au/spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3Pb(I1–xBrx)3/TiO2/FTO/glass photovoltaic devices. The room-temperature spectra show exponential band tails with a sharp onset characterized by low Urbach energies (Eu) over the full halide composition space. The Urbach energies are 15–23 meV, lower than those for most semiconductors with similar bandgaps (especially with Eg > 1.9 eV). Intentional aging of CH3NH3Pb(I1–xBrx)3 for up to 2300 h, reveals no change in Eu, despite the appearance of the PbI2 phase due to decomposition, and confirms a high degree of crystal ordering. Moreover, sub-bandgap EQE measurements reveal an extended band of sub-bandgap electronic states that can be fit with one or two point defects for pure C...