cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Support, Coping, and Psychological Adjustment

During the past two decades, research on social support has grown into a central domain of inquiry, informing and enriching several branches of the social sciences (see Cohen, 1992; Thoits, 1992). Today, research on social relationships is entering a new period of conceptual growth. Investigators have begun both to refine the definition of support and to uncover the mechanisms through which support operates. Our own work on the role of social support as a coping resource combines these two avenues of conceptual development in an integrative, predictive framework. We broaden the definition of social resources to include both positive and negative aspects of relationships, and we demonstrate a key mechanism through which social resources relate to adaptation.
Efficacy of Detergents in Removing Salmonella and Shigella spp. from the Surface of Fresh Produce

Fresh produce has been implicated in several foodborne disease outbreaks. Produce surfaces can be primary sites of contamination during production and handling. One approach to reduce contamination is to treat fresh produce with rinsing agents. In this study, different detergent agents were used at 22 and 40 degrees C to determine their efficacy in removing Salmonella and Shigella spp. from the surfaces of strawberries, tomatoes, and green-leaf lettuce. Produce was inoculated at 22 degrees C with a cocktail of nalidixic acid-resistant organisms (6 to 6.5 log CFU/ml). After air drying for 1 h, samples were rinsed with either 0.1% Tween 80, 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or water (control) at 22 or 40 degrees C. Rinse solutions were spiral plated onto tryptic soy agar supplemented with 50 mg of nalidixic acid per liter. In trials involving strawberries and lettuce, Salmonella and Shigella were removed at levels of 4 and 3 log CFU/ml, respectively, except from Salmonella-inoculated strawberries rinsed with SLS, for which minimal removal rates were 1.5 log CFU/ml at 22 degrees C and < 1 log CFU/ml at 40 degrees C. When whole strawberries were analyzed after rinsing with SLS, few organisms were recovered. This result suggests that SLS may have a lethal or sublethal effect on Salmonella, especially when a 40 degrees C solution is used. Salmonella and Shigella removal rates for tomatoes were 1 and 1.5 log CFU/ml lower, respectively, than those for strawberries or lettuce. Overall, detergents were no more effective in removing organisms from produce than water was. The detergents examined would not constitute effective overall produce rinse treatments.
Introduction to the special section on snow and snow hydrology

This special section of Physical Geography features selected papers on topics of snow and snow hydrology primarily drawn from studies presented at the Eastern Snow Conference (ESC), a joint America...
Unveiling reactive metal sites in a Pd pincer MOF: insights into Lewis acid and pore selective catalysis

A porous Zr metal-organic framework, 1-PdBF4 [Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)2.4{(PNNNP)Pd(MeCN)}2.4(BF4)2.4; PNNNP = 2,6-(HNPAr2)2C5H3N; Ar = p-C6H4CO2-], has been synthesized via postsynthetic oxidative I-/BF4- ligand exchange using NOBF4. 1-PdBF4 enjoys markedly superior catalytic activity and recyclability to its trifluoracetate-exchanged analogue, 1-PdTFA, for the intramolecular cyclization of o-alkynyl anilines and the carbonyl-ene cyclization of citronellal. Moreover, 1-PdBF4 demonstrates a rare example of pore selective catalysis for the cyclization of 2-ethynyl aniline.
Synergistic anticancer action of quercetin and curcumin against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines

Women with the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) mutation and loss of BRCA1 expression are reported to have an increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting BRCA1 modulation might offer a therapeutic option to treat TNBC patients. Our studies detected that BRCA1 is poorly expressed in TNBC cell lines and highly expressed in ER+ breast cancer cell lines. To modulate BRCA1 expression, we tested two different dietary components to find out if any would induce tumor suppressor genes. We detected that quercetin and curcumin dose-dependently enhanced the BRCA1 expression. Further, a synergistic action of quercetin and curcumin was observed in modulating the BRCA1 level and in inhibiting the cell survival and migration of TNBC cell lines. Quercetin and curcumin appeared to induce BRCA1 promoter histone acetylation. Furthermore, BRCA1 knockdown induced cell survival and cell migration in ER + cells were significantly decreased by the combined treatment of quercetin and curcumin. Our present study concluded that the combination treatment of quercetin and curcumin acts synergistically to induce anticancer activity against TNBC cells by modulating tumor suppressor genes.
Chapter 3 – The Corporate Takeover Market: Common Takeover Tactics, Antitakeover Defenses, Corporate Governance

Corporate governance refers to the rules and processes by which a business is controlled, regulated, or operated. This chapter explains the factors in detail that impact governance both internal and external to the firm, with a particular focus on the role of corporate takeovers in disciplining failing corporate managers. Common takeover strategies and tactics as well as defenses employed in change of control battles are discussed in detail.
A phosphorus budget of a poultry farm and a dairy farm in the southeastern U.S., and the potential impacts of diet alterations

Current and potential environmental problems associated with P transport from lands receiving high application rates of animal waste are a major concern. Phosphorus management strategies are needed to reduce P loading on land. This study was conducted to compare on-farm P budgets for a modern broiler farm and a dairy farm under traditional diets and management practices. Phosphorus inputs, recycling and outputs were assessed for both farms. A typical broiler and a dairy farmer from North Carolina were interviewed and pertinent information for the study was obtained, in cooperation with extension agents, and other professionals associated with the farms. The annual on-farm P surplus for the broiler farm was 6,380 kg, while that for the dairy farm was 1,141 kg. This corresponds to an annual application of 65 kg P ha−1 for the broiler farm and 20 kg P ha−1 for the dairy farm in excess of removal. The potential for reducing P surpluses by the addition of phytase enzymes and/or the use of low phytic acid corn (Zea mays L.) feed in the broiler farm diet was also assessed. Estimates by animal nutritionists indicate that feed supplementation with phytase enzyme can reduce the broiler farm's P surplus by 33%. The use of low phytic acid corn can reduce the surplus by 49% and a combination of the two can reduce the surplus by 58%. In this study, the incorporation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) land into the waste utilization plan of the dairy farm decreases the annual P surplus from 20 to 9 kg P ha−1. The use of new feed technology and expanding waste application to a larger land base can significantly alter the P budgets of broiler and dairy farms and reduce P surpluses, minimizing the risk of environmental problems.
The Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin (CDX-011) and Its Use in Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and significant cause of cancer-related deaths, second only to lung cancer. Amongst different subtypes of breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is especially challenging due to fewer treatment options and more aggressive clinical course. Therefore, the development of molecularly targeted therapies for TNBC is crucial. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic B (GPNMB) is overexpressed in many malignancies, including TNBC, and is associated with poor prognosis. The antibody—drug conjugate (ADC) glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011) selectively target GPNMB, and is being investigated for its efficacy in metastatic breast cancer. This chapter reviews the mechanisms of action, preclinical, and phase I/II results of glembatumumab vedotin, and ongoing studies of its role in the treatment of breast cancer.
Introduction: Where the Truth Still Lies

In this introduction, Jane Marcellus contends that Mad Men’s enduring relevance lies in its ability to draw viewers to a place just outside obvious interpretation and into the lives of characters who are far more than set pieces for a contentious decade. During the show’s run (2007–2015), viewers never knew how an episode of Mad Men would end, but they knew the ending would linger, drawing the imagination to a place just outside obvious interpretation—a place where, as the show’s tagline proclaimed, ‘The Truth Lies’. Pointing out that the book offers interpretation of the entire show from multiple global perspectives, the introduction includes an overview of the book’s structure, with brief chapter summaries.
A Randomized Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Traditional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Self-Help Books for Social Anxiety

Self-help resources such as books may help meet critical mental health needs in college students, but there is insufficient evidence on whether and how such books work. This randomized trial compared acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavior therapy (tCBT) self-help books for social anxiety, a common concern with notable barriers to treatment seeking. A sample of college students (n = 102) with social anxiety was randomly assigned to use one of the two self-help books over eight weeks. Improvements were observed in both conditions across all outcomes (social anxiety, general well-being, and social functioning) as well as potential processes of change (cognitive fusion, appraisals of social concerns, and progress toward personal values). Few differences were observed between conditions. Changes in general cognitive fusion consistently predicted outcomes at posttreatment, and anxiety-specific cognitive fusion and concern about negative social interactions also predicted some later outcomes. Use of self-help books to address social anxiety in college students is promising, and addressing cognitive fusion appears to be important.
Application of Multiphoton Imaging to Study of the Vasculature.

Nonlinear or multiphoton fluorescence microscopy utilizes the simultaneous absorption of two (or three) longer wavelength photons to excite fluorophores (Denk et.al., 1990). For example, UV absorbing fluorophores such as DAPI or lndo-1 are excited using 700 nm near infrared light rather than 350 nm UV excitation. This relatively new form of laser scanning fluorescence microscopy has excellent optical sectioning capabilities in thick, highly scattering tissues. The high degree of intrinsic optical sectioning arises from the spatial nature of the excitation dependence, rather than from a confocal aperture or deconvolution algorithm. The fluorescence arising from any point in the specimen depends on the second or third power of the intensity (i.e. two and three photon excitation, respectively). This squaring (or cubing) of the illumination point spread function effectively confines the excitation to a tenth of a femtoliter optical volume when using a high NA lens. 680 to 1100 nm mode-locked lasers producing pulses of 100 femtosecond duration at a repetition rate of 80 Mhz are used to efficiently produce fluorescence excitation at average powers that are usually in the 0.5 to 10 mW range at the sample.
Co-assembling Polysaccharide Nanocrystals and Nanofibers for Robust Chiral Iridescent Films

Assembling robust chiral biopolymer structures without compromising vivid optical iridescence is a grand challenge for biocomposite materials. Herein, we report a hierarchical nanocellulose nanostructure with a helicoidal organization co-assembled from chiral rigid cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and longer nanofibers isolated from the hydrolyzed wood pulp. This resulting highly iridescent chiral nanocellulose material is much tougher than traditional chiral CNC films. We found that the mixed nanocellulose are composed of needle-like nanocrystals and very long (up to 800 nm) flexible cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Large-scale molecular simulation indicates that enhanced dynamic hydrogen bonding with labile networking facilitates mechanical reinforcement, owing to increased nanocrystal length, the co-assembly of nanofibrils in mixed bundles, and interchain entanglements. This study provides a novel strategy to transform the wood pulp residues into high-value-added photonic-bound polysaccharide materials. These hierarchical biomaterials can overcome the conflicting trends in designing balanced mechanical and optical performance of chiral biofilms and their conversion to robust chiral photonic materials with enhanced performance.
Profiling lunar dust dissolution in aqueous environments: The design concept

Abstract Published studies and internal NASA reports indicate that when native lunar dust is suspended in an aqueous solution a variety of metal and other ions are released. This release has implications for future lunar missions, ranging from effects on mission hardware, effects on life support systems, possible direct effects on human health, and effects on research experiments such as plant growth experiments, space biology experiments and any activities that may involve the use of water sourced from the lunar poles. Furthermore, such contaminants could become concentrated or chemically altered to a more hazardous form during a variety of lunar mission activities, including everything from space suit cleaning to lunar industrial materials extraction. The exact profile of the release of ions from lunar dust and the nature of the partially dissolved particles has not been explored. Any model of this dissolution must be based on an understanding of the unique micromorphology of lunar dust, including its glassy nature, agglutinate features, high surface area and the presence of small deposits of elemental iron (nanophase iron) located near the surface of the grain particles. Dust has a very high surface area available for interaction with water. For this reason, on first exposure to water, an immediate pulsed release of ions could occur, with more prolonged release taking place over months or years. The few studies that have been conducted previously have been limited in both the time scales examined and in the selection of ions that were measured. The proposed investigation is a comprehensive materials science investigation, using the most modern analytical tools to catalogue all metals given off from lunar dust in various aqueous solutions and their time profiles of release from the very short term to the very long term. The product of the proposed study will be a comprehensive database determined from NASA curated samples collected from the Apollo landing sites that can be applied to research in both living systems and non-living systems on the moon. The methods developed in the proposed study will also establish standards for analysis of lunar dust samples returned from future manned missions (Artemis and others) and future robotic missions. The knowledge gained from this basic materials science investigation will have broad impact on the design of engineered human safety and health systems.
Processes of Transformation: Theorizing Activism and Change Through Gloria Anzaldúa’s Picture Books

This article explores how Gloria Anzaldua’s picture books provide additional theoretical frames that complement her existing scholarship. While much has been said about her contributions to the fields of Latinx studies, little has been said about how her theories extend to children or children’s literature. Nevertheless, reading the picture books as theory reveals a process of transformation wherein characters must first transform themselves in order to effect change through activism. The narrative across Anzaldua’s picture books illuminates and illustrates this concept by establishing how Prietita, the protagonist of both books, first comes into her own agency and then is able to ameliorate her circumstances. But this process is not just embodied by Prietita, but can instead be seen as a trend in other texts—hence how these picture books equally function as a theoretical frame for reading processes of transformation and resistance.
Integrating environmental justice into applied ecology research: Somebody else’s problem?

Environmental injustice can be expressed through lack of access to resources, unequal exposure to toxins, and limited access to knowledge about the unsustainable environmental practices that impact communities (Bullard 2018). The ecological processes that contribute to the "perfect storm" of conditions that create environmental injustices are well documented in applied ecology scholarship; yet the human dimension or the co-production of research on those impacts seem to fall into the range of "somebody else's problem." In a literature review of the last 15 years of research published in the Ecological Society of America's family of journals, we explored the intersections of environmental processes and social justice issues, searching for themes, gaps, and opportunities. The resultant is a collection of articles on environmental justice topics that includes issues on access to resources and unequal exposure to environmental hazards and pollutants. This collection highlights gaps in the integration of natural science with social justice topics along with the need for stronger integration of interdisciplinary knowledge that is co-produced with community stakeholders and researchers to build a robust interdisciplinary field of climate justice and global environmental sustainability.
Development and validation of the Collaborative Health Outcomes Information Registry body map

Introduction Critical for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain is the anatomical distribution of pain. Several body maps allow patients to indicate pain areas on paper; however, each has its limitations. Objectives To provide a comprehensive body map that can be universally applied across pain conditions, we developed the electronic Collaborative Health Outcomes Information Registry (CHOIR) self-report body map by performing an environmental scan and assessing existing body maps. Methods After initial validation using a Delphi technique, we compared (1) pain location questionnaire responses of 530 participants with chronic pain with (2) their pain endorsements on the CHOIR body map (CBM) graphic. A subset of participants (n = 278) repeated the survey 1 week later to assess test-retest reliability. Finally, we interviewed a patient cohort from a tertiary pain management clinic (n = 28) to identify reasons for endorsement discordances. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient between the total number of body areas endorsed on the survey and those from the body map was 0.86 and improved to 0.93 at follow-up. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the 2 body map graphics separated by 1 week was 0.93. Further examination demonstrated high consistency between the questionnaire and CBM graphic (<10% discordance) in most body areas except for the back and shoulders (≈15-19% discordance). Participants attributed inconsistencies to misinterpretation of body regions and laterality, the latter of which was addressed by modifying the instructions. Conclusions Our data suggest that the CBM is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the distribution of pain.
Primary care education during a global pandemic:implementation of telemedicine

Program Goals: Facing the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for social distancing, our residency programremoved residents from certain clinical settings including the resident continuity clinic This created aneducational gap in resident training and dramatically affected the way we deliver healthcare to our patients To facilitate medical care in the safest way possible, our clinic implemented virtual visits via phone and videobeginning in mid-March Whenever appropriate, sick and well care visits were completed via virtualencounters preceded by nurse-only visits for vaccines when indicated Initially attendings performed thesevisits to develop virtual skills, build provider condence, and ensure that proper infrastructure was in place Recognizing that telemedicine represented an important educational opportunity for residents, we laterincorporated residents into clinic Residents were rst asked to observe a virtual encounter performed by anattending, and then they were observed conducting a virtual encounter Residents then conducted encountersindependently, precepting with attendings via videoconference (including the family) or by putting the family on hold Evaluation: 15 residents participated in telemedicine clinics within the rst 3 weeks of initiating thisprogram 11 respondents from all years of training provided feedback Residents reported completing 2-5telemedicine visits per half-day session When asked about the educational value of a telemedicine clinicsession, 82% of residents reported this was similar or more educational as compared to a usual continuityclinic session Educational benets included the opportunity to improve phone triage skills and increaseexperience with a technology that residents expect to use in the future Educational challenges includedfeeling “rushed trying to navigate the technology' and discomfort with an unfamiliar process for precepting All participants reported increased level of comfort with providing care via telemedicine after these sessions,and 91% of residents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I feel comfortable with providing care viatelemedicine now ” Although residents felt challenged by the inefficiency of reading screening tools aloud, bydelays due to connectivity problems, and by limited physical exam capabilities, they noted many strengthsincluding improved visit attendance rates and convenience for patients Discussion: Innovative care deliverymodels are necessary to protect the community and the healthcare workforce while also providing neededmedical care and educational opportunities for our residents As we move forward, we will continue to solicitfeedback to effectively meet new and evolving educational needs We anticipate a role for virtual visits wellbeyond the COVID-19 pandemic As such, we will continue to train our residents through virtual visits and willsoon be engaging medical students in telemedicine electives We will continue to identify innovative ways toengage learners in telemedicine and streamline processes for determining which visits are appropriate for avirtual visit
The Development of Extradosed Bridge Concept from a Vision to a Reality

The development of Extradosed bridge from a vision to a real project is presented in this paper. Mathivat of France who is recognized as the inventor of this bridge type, envisioned a new bridge type suitable for medium span ranges in 1979. He suggested that some of the cantilever tendons in balanced cantilever bridge can be deviated to the top deck supported by short tower resemble stay cables. The structural benefit of this idea is increasing positive moment capacity by increasing eccentricity over the pier and enhanced shear capacity. Therefore, with the same conditions, longer span can be designed. Due to small angle of stay cables, the cable allowable stress at serviceability is about the same level with balanced cantilever bridge and no significant penalty on fatigue resistance unlike stay cables for conventional cable stayed bridges. The Extradosed bridge offers economic benefit for medium span range and aesthetically pleasing.
Conditional and Overall Disease-Specific Survival in Patients With Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer: Improved Outcomes in the Endoscopic Era.

BackgroundThe management of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignancies has evolved significantly with the development of advanced endoscopic techniques and improvements in adjuvant therapy. We s...
Workflow integration analysis of a human factors-based clinical decision support in the emergency department.

Abstract Numerous challenges with the implementation, acceptance, and use of health IT are related to poor usability and a lack of integration of the technologies into clinical workflow, and have, therefore, limited the potential of these technologies to improve patient safety. We propose a definition and conceptual model of health IT workflow integration. Using interviews of 12 emergency department (ED) physicians, we identify 134 excerpts of barriers and facilitators to workflow integration of a human factors (HF)-based clinical decision support (CDS) implemented in the ED. Using data on these 134 barriers and facilitators, we distinguish 25 components of workflow integration of the CDS, which are described according to four dimensions of workflow integration: time, flow, scope of patient journey, and level. The proposed definition and conceptual model of workflow integration can be used to inform health IT design; this is the purpose of the proposed checklist that can help to ensure consideration of workflow integration during the development of health IT.
Parachute mitral valve

An asymptomatic 30-year-old male was referred for a transthoracic echocardiogram because of a systolic murmur that was noted on a pre-employment physical exam. Transthoracic imaging demonstrated a single papillary muscle from which the chordae of both mitral valve leaflets were attached. The mitral valve was seen to have a parachute-like configuration. Given the benign nature of the presentation, the patient did not seek further investigation.
Anabolic Therapies

The striking clinical benefits of intermittent parathyroid hormone in osteoporosis have begun a new era of skeletal anabolic agents. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) (1–34) is the first US Food and Drug Administration–approved anabolic therapy. Its use has been limited by the need for subcutaneous injection. Newer delivery systems include transdermal and oral preparations. Newer anabolic therapies include monoclonal antibody to sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis; and use of bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone–related protein PTHrP, a calcium-regulating hormone similar to PTH.
Role of Noninvasive Imaging using CT for Detection and Quantitation of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Cardiac CT began with electron beam CT in the early 1980s and continues now with multidetector CT in the twenty-first century. The major applications of noncontrast cardiac CT are currently for the quantification of coronary artery calcium – a reliable and repeatable means to estimate atherosclerotic plaque burden. The major applications of contrast-enhanced CT (CT angiography) is for more detailed estimation of total plaque burden by qualitatively defining “noncalcified” and complex plaque as well as ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease. Both of these applications are discussed, along with historical perspectives, in this review.
Damage Initiation in a Three-Dimensional Carbon-Carbon Composite Material

Small coupons of a three-dimensionally woven, carbon-carbon composite were axially loaded in a specially-designed SEM load stage. Notched and unnotched specimens were fatigue cycled at room temperature. Crack initiation was found to be in a sliding mode, most often near a fiber-matrix interface. The cracks would immediately turn 90 degrees to an opening mode and propagate through a matrix pocket until encountering a longitudinal fiber bundle. In most cases, the crack would then propagate along the fiber bundles, again in a sliding mode. Yarn bundle failures were not limited to the immediate region of an approaching crack, leading to the conclusion that this material is not notch sensitive. Acoustic emission was found very useful in characterizing the different stages of microstructural damage.
Confidence-assisted classification result refinement for object recognition featuring TopN-Exemplar-SVM

This paper proposes a cascaded classifier framework for better image recognition. The proposed method is based on the confidence values given by the classifiers. By using our proposed topN-Exemplar SVM in the second stage and comparing the confidence values with those from the first stage, the classification results with less confidence are successfully updated. The validity of our algorithm has been demonstrated by the experiments using three standard image datasets.
An independent function-parallel firewall architecture for high-speed networks (short paper)

A function-parallel network firewall is a scalable architecture that consists of multiple firewalls. Rules are distributed across the array such that each firewall implements a portion of the original policy. This resutls in significantly lower delays than other parallel designs; however, the design requires firewall intercommunication to coordinate the array which is difficult to implement and introduces additional delay. This paper describes how the performance of a function-parallel firewall array can be increased if the individual firewalls can operate independently, without firewall intercommunication. By distributing rules using accept sets, the independent firewall array and a traditional single firewall will always arrive at the same decision (integrity is maintained). Simulation results will show the system is significantly faster than other designs and has the unique ability to provide service differentiation.
Sub-micron all-optical memory and large scale integration in photonic crystals

We demonstrate ultra-high speed, low-power and digital all-optical memory action in photonic nanostructures. We show how large-scale on-chip integration of all-optical devices can be achieved without any optical isolators, even in the presence of reflections
THE REACTION GAMMA-GAMMA-]PI-0-PI-0 AND CHIRAL LOOPS

Two-photon production of a neutral-pion pair is uniquely predicted near threshold by the theory of chiral symmetry. The prediction vanishes at the tree level and is nonzero only at one-loop order, yielding a finite result without any unknown counterterms. In this paper we calculate the cross section for both on-shell and off-shell photons, as both cases can both be studied at e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage rings. This reaction is the most accessible process which directly probes the loop structure of chiral-SU(2) symmetry.
How to Increase Enrollment in Undergraduate and Graduate Schools of Social Work

Because of a general decline in applications to schools of social work in recent years, student recruitment has grown in importance. This article, based on questionnaires sent to schools and on the authors' experience, explores recruitment issues for both BSW and MSW programs and proposes a model recruitment effort.
Micro-Flying Robotics in Space Missions

The Columbia Accident Investigation Board issued a major recommendation to NASA. Prior to return to flight, NASA should develop and implement a comprehensive inspection plan to determine the structural integrity of all Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) system components. This inspection plan should take advantage of advanced non-destructive inspection technology. This paper describes a non-intrusive technology with a micro-flying robot to continuously monitor inside a space vehicle for any stress related fissures, cracks and foreign material embedded in walls, tubes etc.
Comparative Study of Unbonded Carbon Fiber and Steel Strands in Posttensioned Pier Caps

AbstractCarbon fiber strands offer a viable alternative to corrosion-prone steel strands in posttensioning applications. This study focused on a side-by-side comparison of two types of carbon fiber strands with different elastic moduli against steel strands in a 5½∶1 scaled model of a typical interior hammerhead pier of the San Antonio Downtown Y project with two identical cantilever overhangs. Two different strand arrangements were used for posttensioning, with eight and six strands, respectively representing an overdesign and a slight underdesign relative to the factored demand. The model was tested under service and factored flexure and shear loads. The study confirmed the feasibility of using carbon fiber strands in unbonded posttensioning of pier caps. Given the strength-based design of the pier cap, the elastic moduli of different carbon fiber strands did not seem to have affected the serviceability performance with respect to either cracking or deflection. Considering both serviceability and overlo...
Arthroscopic removal of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia in the tarsocrural joint: a retrospective study of 13 cases.

Summary There is limited information on the treatment of lateral malleolus (LM) fractures in the horse, with no previously published case series for the outcome following arthroscopic removal of such fractures. This report reviews and evaluates findings of a retrospective study of 13 horses admitted to a private equine referral hospital over a 10 year period (1999–2009) that underwent arthroscopic removal of fractures of the LM. Hospital records were reviewed and details including patient history, aetiology of the fracture and limb affected, results of all diagnostic tests and surgical reports were documented. Performance information concerning Thoroughbred horses that went onto race post operatively was collected using an online database. Owners and trainers were contacted regarding the return to performance for non-Thoroughbred cases or those that did not go onto race post operatively. Of the 13 horses presented, 12 were Thoroughbreds, 9 of which were National Hunt racehorses and 3 were Flat racehorses. The other horse in the study was used for general purpose riding. All cases presented with an acute unilateral fracture. Eleven of the 13 had >6 months post operative follow-up and all were nonlame. Of the 12 Thoroughbreds, 10 have raced again, a total of 104 times (median 5 times). The median time from surgery to return to racing was 241 days (180–366 days). It is concluded that horses with fractures of the LM have an excellent prognosis for return to full athletic performance following arthroscopic debridement; and that arthroscopic fragment removal is an appropriate treatment method for fractures of the LM.
The use of urinary bladder matrix in the treatment of trauma and combat casualty wound care

Treatment of combat injuries and resulting wounds can be difficult to treat due to compromised and evolving tissue necrosis, environmental contaminants, multidrug resistant microbacterial and/or fungal infections, coupled with microvascular damage and/or hypovascularized exposed vital structures. Our group has developed surgical care algorithms with identifiable salvage techniques to achieve stable, definitive wound coverage often with the aid of certain regenerative medicine biologic scaffold materials and advanced wound care to facilitate tissue coverage and healing. This case series reports on the role of urinary bladder matrix scaffolds in the wound care and reconstruction of traumatic and combat wounds. Urinary bladder matrix was found to facilitate definitive soft tissue reconstruction by establishing a neovascularized soft tissue base acceptable for second stage wound and skin coverage options within traumatic and combat-related wounds.
Punicalagin exerts protective effect against high glucose-induced cellular stress and neural tube defects.

Maternal diabetes-induced birth defects remain a significant health problem. Studying the effect of natural compounds with antioxidant properties and minimal toxicities on diabetic embryopathy may lead to the development of new and safe dietary supplements. Punicalagin is a primary polyphenol found in pomegranate juice, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, suggesting a protective effect of punicalagin on diabetic embryopathy. Here, we examined whether punicalagin could reduce high glucose-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), and if this rescue occurs through blockage of cellular stress and caspase activation. Embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) mouse embryos were cultured for 24 or 36 h with normal (5 mM) glucose or high glucose (16.7 mM), in presence or absence of 10 or 20 μM punicalagin. 10 μM punicalagin slightly reduced NTD formation under high glucose conditions; however, 20 μM punicalagin significantly inhibited high glucose-induced NTD formation. Punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-modified proteins, and lipid peroxides. Moreover, punicalagin abrogated endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase ribonucleic acid (RNA)-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring protein-1α (p-IRE1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing. Additionally, punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage. Punicalagin reduces high glucose-induced NTD formation by blocking cellular stress and caspase activation. These observations suggest punicalagin supplements could mitigate the teratogenic effects of hyperglycemia in the developing embryo, and possibly prevent diabetes-induced NTDs.
Diminished fetal reactivity with smoking

Abstract The fetal activity-acceleration determination (FAD), or nonstress test, has been demonstrated to be an effective method for the antepartum assessment of fetal status in high-risk pregnancies. A reactive or negative test has been equated with fetal well-being, while fetal compromise has been related to a nonreactive or positive FAD. The present investigation was designed to determine the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on fetal reactivity as measured by the FAD. Increased fetal reactivity might be expected from recent investigations of the acute effects of cigarette smoking on fetal breathing movements and the fetal heart rate. However, in comparison of 128 smoking and 350 nonsmoking pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies, nonreactive or positive FAD's were demonstrated to be significantly higher in the smoking group ( χ 2 = 8.9950; p
Support for television coverage of the legislative process among state legislators: A comparison of Iowa, Utah, and Florida

The amount of media coverage of state legislatures varies across the 50 states, as do levels of public interest and citizen information about state legislative affairs. In order to assess the attitudes of those elected officials who would be most directly affected by opening up the political process to greater media coverage, survey data were collected from state legislators in Iowa, Utah, and Florida. Representatives and senators from these three geographically disparate states were asked to indicate their level of support for gavel‐to‐gavel coverage of their respective state legislatures. The findings of this exploratory study indicate that this type of media coverage is well supported in two of the three states, but that the reasons for support differ considerably. This diversity indicates the need for further investigation, in additional state settings, of the dynamics of intrastate politics in this area of public policy.
Improved Estimation of Aircraft Probability of Failure

We report on estimating probability of failure (PoF) of an FA/18 bulkhead based on empirically obtained and published in open literature fatigue-crack growth and equivalent pre-crack size (EPS) distribution data. We demonstrate that the tail of the EPS distribution has a significant effect on PoF. Considering each flight to be a successful (i.e., no failure) fatigue test, we use a Bayesian approach to obtain an updated (posterior) EPS distribution and provide more accurate estimates of PoF. We then consider monitoring fatigue cracks in high stress concentration areas using fatigue damage sensors and show that using such sensor data (notably "no crack found" response) leads to a significant reduction of uncertainty in estimating the PoF. We also show the effect of increasing sensor accuracy (i.e., reliable detection of smaller cracks) on PoF predictions and required sensor interrogation intervals. The reported approach allows us to perform tradeoff studies on sensor accuracy and interrogation frequency for maintaining required levels of PoF.
Palladium catalyzed asymmetric sulfonylation mediated chiral β-hydroxy- and β-(o-diphenylphosphino)benzoyloxy (o-diphenyl phosphino)benzamides

The palladium catalyzed asymmetric allylic sulfonylation reaction has been investigated employing β-hydroxy- and β-(o-diphenylphosphino)benzoyloxy (o-diphenyl phosphino)benzamides as chiral, non-racemic ligands. The bisphosphine β-benzoyloxybenzamide ligands proved to be the best ligands for this process. Competitive transition states for the (1S,2R)-norephedrine derived ligand 14 are compared and a rationale is provided for the observed enantioselectivities.
Warrant valuation and exercise strategy

Abstract This paper demonstrates that warrant valuation and exercise strategy differ fundamentally from call option valuation. Simultaneous exercise of warrants is shown to be suboptimal and a monopolist owning all warrants can achieve a higher value. Unless warrants are perfectly divisible, no satisfactory equilibrium exists for the valuation and exercise of widely held warrants. The problems encountered appear to be quite general and stem from necessary assumptions about future corporate dividend policy and capital structure. Such assumptions are necessary for any model of corporate security valuation.
The phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationship in periphytic communities in a controlled ecosystem

The correlation between total dissolved phosphorus input concentrations and periphytic chlorophyll a concentrations was examined after a four-week colonization period on artificial substrates in large, continuous-flow microcosms. A significant correlation was established; the data produced a linear regression and substantiated a recently proposed curvilinear regression analysis. The curvilinear equation can be used in future microcosm studies as a predictive aid for regulating phosphorus input concentrations.
DEGRADE, MOVE, REGROUP: signaling control of splicing proteins

With recent advances in microarrays and sequencing it is now relatively straightforward to compare pre-mRNA splicing patterns in different cellular conditions on a genome-wide scale. Such studies have revealed extensive changes in cellular splicing programs in response to stimuli such as neuronal depolarization, DNA damage, immune signaling and cellular metabolic changes. However, for many years our understanding of the signaling pathways responsible for such splicing changes was greatly lacking. Excitingly, over the past few years this gap has begun to close. Recent studies now suggest notable trends in the mechanisms that link cellular stimuli to downstream alternative splicing events. These include regulated synthesis or degradation of splicing factors, differential protein–protein interactions, altered nuclear translocation and changes in transcription elongation.
Statistical methods for bankruptcy forecasting

Abstract The three statistical models most often used for bankruptcy forecasting are multiple discriminant analysis, the linear probability model, and logistic regression. This paper compares and contrasts these models, evaluates their effectiveness and statistical properties, and considers how well each model fits with a theory of financial distress.
A survey of organic produce purchases and related attitudes of food cooperative shoppers

We surveyed shoppers at a food cooperative in New York state to measure the relationship between organic produce purchases and attitudes related to pesticide use in agriculture, food costs, and other factors affecting produce buying. Two-fifths of the co-op shoppers surveyed usually or almost always purchased organically grown produce, and one-third were somewhat or very likely to pay 100 percent more than conventional produce for residue-free produce. Those who usually or almost always purchased organic produce were less concerned than other shoppers about price when they shop for produce, had higher levels of concern about food safety, and were less concerned about insects and surface blemishes on produce. There was no relationship between income and frequency of organic purchases. Most shoppers were concerned about pesticide residues in produce, but a high level of concern appeared necessary to affect the frequency of organic purchases. In their support of organic agriculture, respondents ranked environmental protection higher than consumer protection. Educators should emphasize both the environmental and food safety benefits of organic farming to consumers.
Penicillin-Induced Lysis of Escherichia coli in Medium That Does Not Support Sustained Growth

Exponentially growing cells of an Escherichia coli auxotroph that are washed and resuspended in buffer containing a carbon source undergo sufficient growth to render them susceptible to penicillin-induced lysis, even in the absence of the required metabolite. This lysis is probably responsible for the reduction in intracellular enzyme activity previously attributed to a direct effect of penicillin upon the enzyme.
Three-Dimensional Fluid Dynamics and Radiative Heat Transfer Modeling of a Small Particle Solar Receiver

We present an investigation of the effects of the solar irradiation and mass flow conditions on the behavior of a Small Particle Solar Receiver employing our new, three-dimensional coupled fluid flow and radiative heat transfer model. This research expands on previous work conducted by our group and utilizes improved software with a set of new features that allows performing more flexible simulations and obtaining more accurate results. For the first time, it is possible not only to accurately predict the overall efficiency and the wall temperature distribution of the solar receiver, but also to determine the effect on the receiver of the window, the outlet tube, real solar irradiation from a heliostat field, non-cylindrical geometries and 3-D effects. This way, a much better understanding of the receiver’s capabilities is obtained. While the previous models were useful to observe simple trends, this new software is flexible and accurate enough to eventually act as a design and optimization tool for the actual receiver.The solution procedure relies on the coupling of the CFD package ANSYS Fluent to our in-house Monte Carlo Ray Trace (MCRT) software. On the one hand, ANSYS Fluent is utilized as the mass-, momentum- and energy-equation solver and requires the divergence of the radiative heat flux, which constitutes a source term of the energy equation. On the other hand, the MCRT software calculates the radiation heat transfer in the solar receiver and needs the temperature field to do so. By virtue of the coupled nature of the problem, both codes should provide feed-back to each other and iterate until convergence. The coupling between ANSYS Fluent and our in-house MCRT code is done via User-Defined Functions.After developing the mathematical model, setting up and validating the software, and optimizing the coupled solution procedure, the receiver has been simulated under fifteen different solar irradiation and mass flow rate cross combinations. Among other results, the behavior of the receiver at different times of the day and the optimum mass flow rate as a function of the solar thermal input are presented. On an average day, the thermal efficiency of the receiver is found to be over 89% and the outlet temperature over 1250 K at all times from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM (Albuquerque, NM) by properly adapting the mass flow rate. The origin of the losses and how to improve the efficiency of the Small Particle Solar Receiver are discussed as well.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Mycetozoan Parasite of Zostera marina

IN a previous note in NATURE1 we pointed out the association of a Labyrinthula-like organism with the wasting disease of the eelgrass along the American Atlantic coast. Since the publication of this announcement, we have performed a number of experiments in the laboratory and in the natural beds themselves, which indicate that this organism is a true parasite of Zostera marina. Communications from other investigators and examinations of specimens submitted from various points show also that this parasite is uniformly present in the infected beds on the Atlantic coasts of both Europe and America.