cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference resolution in major depression.

In two experiments, we investigated individual differences in the ability to resolve interference in participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants were administered the “Ignore/Suppress” task, a short-term memory task composed of two steps. In Step 1 (“ignore”), participants were instructed to memorize a set of stimuli while ignoring simultaneously presented irrelevant material. In Step 2 (“suppress”), participants were instructed to forget a subset of the previously memorized material. The ability to resolve interference was indexed by response latencies on two recognition tasks in which participants decided whether a probe was a member of the target set. In Step 1, we compared response latencies to probes from the to-be-ignored list with response latencies to nonrecently presented items. In Step 2, we compared response latencies to probes from the to-be-suppressed list with response latencies to nonrecently presented items. The results indicate that, compared with control participants, depressed participants exhibited increased interference in the “suppress” but not in the “ignore” step of the task, when the stimuli were negative words. No group differences were obtained when we presented letters instead of emotional words. These findings indicate that depression is associated with difficulty in removing irrelevant negative material from short-term memory.
Pasteurella Multocida Peritonitis in Hepatic Cirrhosis with Ascites

Summary Two patients with spontaneous Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in association withcirrhosis and ascites are described. Both patients had close contact with domestic animals, but neither had been bitten. Both patients died, but only one as a result of his infection. We are aware of only one previous report of cirrhosis with spontaneous peritonitis caused by this organism. P. multocida should be considered as a possible cause of peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with a history of close contact with animals, particularly cats.
A Case of Probable Tuberculosis of the Distal Colon

Summary A case of pulmonary tuberculosis with probable secondary gastrointestinal infection involving only the splenic flexure and proximal descending colon is presented. The frequency, symptomatology, diagnosis, manifestations and therapy of this condition are discussed.
The Soviet Constitution Problem in Comparative Corporate Law: Testing the Proposition that European Corporate Law is More Stockholder Focused than U.S. Corporate Law

This article addresses the proposition advanced by academic and press commentators that European corporation law promotes stockholder welfare better than its U.S. counterpart. Those who express that view often point to the stronger rights afforded to stockholders under the laws of the European member states, including the non frustration rule, the ability of stockholders to take direct action by calling a special meeting and replacing directors, and rules that aim to provide equal treatment for all target stockholders. But, claiming that stockholders are economically better off as a result of the literal law on the books is akin to judging the Soviet Union’s protection of human freedom by reading its Constitution. That is, if one looks only at the Soviet Constitution on paper, one might conclude that it was a model of liberalism because it provided for separation between church and state, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly. But in reality, the Soviet citizens were unable to exercise any of those rights. In an admittedly far less extreme way, the claim that European corporate law better advances stockholder welfare than the U.S. approach relies upon a similar misplaced emphasis on paper rights. This article proposes that scholars who tout Europe as a stockholder paradise slight the social and regulatory context in which laws operate, and elide the fact that American corporate law creates a system where directors have an intense focus on generating stockholder profits. Available empirical evidence suggests that U.S. stockholders use their rights to influence corporate policies more effectively than their European counterparts, that there is more M&A activity in the United States than in Europe, and that U.S. stockholders receive higher takeover premiums. By highlighting the practical ways in which American corporate laws operate compared to those in Europe and observing how that operation affects stockholder value, this article is intended to contribute to the increasingly global debate about corporate governance. Because policy advocates have argued that EU corporate law should inform U.S. policymaking and vice versa, it is critical that there be a clear eyed understanding of how each system works in actual practice, not just in theory, lest we make policy mistakes.
Haloform Formation in Coastal Wetlands along a Salinity Gradient at South Carolina, United States

Environmental context Natural haloform emissions contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion but there are major unknown or underestimated sources of these gases. This study demonstrates that soil and water at tidal wetlands are important haloform sources, and emissions peak at the forest–marsh transition zone. The low-lying forested wetlands of the south-eastern United States that are facing sea-level rise and seawater intrusion may become hotspots for haloform emission. Abstract Soil haloform emissions are sources of reactive halogens that catalytically deplete ozone in the stratosphere but there are still unknown or underestimated haloform sources. The >200000ha of low-lying tidal freshwater swamps (forests and marshes) in the south-eastern United States could be haloform (CHX3, X=Cl or Br) sources because sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion bring halides inland where they mix with terrestrial humic substances. To evaluate the spatial variation along the common forest–marsh salinity gradient (freshwater wetland, oligohaline wetland and mesohaline saltmarsh), we measured chloroform emissions from in situ chambers and from laboratory incubations of soil and water samples collected from Winyah Bay, South Carolina. The in situ and soil-core haloform emissions were both highest in the oligohaline wetland, whereas the aqueous production was highest in mesohaline saltmarsh. The predominant source shifted from sediment emission to water emission from freshwater wetland to mesohaline saltmarsh. Spreading out soil samples increased soil haloform emission, suggesting that soil pores can trap high amounts of CHCl3. Soil sterilisation did not suppress CHCl3 emission, indicating the important contribution of abiotic soil CHCl3 formation. Surface wetland water samples from eight locations along a salinity gradient with different management practices (natural v. managed) were subjected to radical-based halogenation by Fenton-like reagents. Halide availability, organic matter source, temperature and light irradiation were all found to affect the radical-based abiotic haloform formation from surface water. This study clearly indicates that soil and water from the studied coastal wetlands are both haloform sources, which however appear to have different formation mechanisms.
Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Phytonutrients and Anticipated Health Benefits

Tropical fruits are rich sources of phytonutrients, and these compounds hold promise for preventing disease and extending productive, active lifespans. Phytonutrients can be classified as isoprenoids (e.g., carotenoids, limonoids), flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, flavanones) and other phenolic compounds, and amino acid-based (e.g., capsaicinoids) compounds. Although phytochemicals are best known as antioxidants, protection may also be provided by phytonutrient-induced upregulation of detoxification enzymes, communication among adjacent cells, apoptosis, and control of angiogenesis. The body of knowledge linking individual phytonutrients to human health is intriguing, but efficacy is uncertain and dietary recommendations for individual phytonutrients are premature. There is, however, a strong scientific base of evidence for recommending increased consumption of phytonutrient-rich whole foods for health promotion and disease prevention.
Abstract 5214: Development of a microfiltration system for the improved detection and viable capture of metastatic circulating tumor cells

The ability of metastatic cancer to release cells that travel through the circulatory system and invade different parts of the body accounts for over 90% of cancer related deaths. The fundamental challenge with detecting these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood samples is the fact that they are so rare, with only a few tumors cells occurring among billions of blood cells. Since tumor cells are almost always significantly larger and more rigid than normal blood cells, size based separation has been demonstrated to be an effective method for CTC capture and enrichment. While useful for detection, size based techniques apply concentrated stresses that affect the viability of captured cells. We have incorporated novel spring structures into our microfilter design that mitigate the stresses experienced by CTCs during filtration to encourage their health and survival. The geometric design and filtration pressures have been optimized to maximize capture efficiency, enrichment against white blood cells, and tumor cell viability. This was achieved through repeated filtrations using a model system of fluorescently labeled cells from various established tumor cell lines spiked into healthy donor blood. The viability of captured cells has been confirmed through exclusion dye testing, and through the proliferation and culture of captured cells directly on the filter surface. The successful capture and primary culture of viable CTCs from clinical patient samples will allow unprecedented analysis and genetic testing of the cells directly responsible for metastasis. This could provide the basis for externally testing tumor cell response to a variety of anticancer drugs without having to expose a patient to the unnecessary cost and toxic effects of chemotherapy, thereby improving patient outcomes through the development of personalized treatment plans. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5214
A Stochastic Model of Organizational DMU’s Response to Changing Service Prices

This paper reports an unusual use of a model and survey data to find the impact of proposed price changes for an industrial service. A sample of 992 users of a service were surveyed. A model of their price behavior was constructed and solved using a Monte Carlo procedure. The results showed that price was inelastic and provided insight as to the reason.
Clinical Impact of Laboratory Implementation of Verigene BC-GN Microarray-Based Assay for Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Positive Blood Cultures

Gram-negative bacteremia is highly fatal, and hospitalizations due to sepsis have been increasing worldwide. Molecular tests that supplement Gram stain results from positive blood cultures provide specific organism information to potentially guide therapy, but more clinical data on their real-world impact are still needed. We retrospectively reviewed cases of Gram-negative bacteremia in hospitalized patients over a 6-month period before (n = 98) and over a 6-month period after (n = 97) the implementation of a microarray-based early identification and resistance marker detection system (Verigene BC-GN; Nanosphere) while antimicrobial stewardship practices remained constant. Patient demographics, time to organism identification, time to effective antimicrobial therapy, and other key clinical parameters were compared. The two groups did not differ statistically with regard to comorbid conditions, sources of bacteremia, or numbers of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, active use of immunosuppressive therapy, neutropenia, or bacteremia due to multidrug-resistant organisms. The BC-GN panel yielded an identification in 87% of Gram-negative cultures and was accurate in 95/97 (98%) of the cases compared to results using conventional culture. Organism identifications were achieved more quickly post-microarray implementation (mean, 10.9 h versus 37.9 h; P < 0.001). Length of ICU stay, 30-day mortality, and mortality associated with multidrug-resistant organisms were significantly lower in the postintervention group (P < 0.05). More rapid implementation of effective therapy was statistically significant for postintervention cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms (P = 0.049) but not overall (P = 0.12). The Verigene BC-GN assay is a valuable addition for the early identification of Gram-negative organisms that cause bloodstream infections and can significantly impact patient care, particularly when resistance markers are detected.
Association of FGD1 polymorphisms with early-onset breast cancer

Recent cancer studies have suggested that the faciogenital dysplasia 1 (FGD1) gene may play a role in the development of tumor cells. Somatic alterations in the FGD1 gene and increased Fgd1 protein expression have been observed in many breast tumor cases. The present study sequenced the FGD1 gene in tumor DNA from 46 breast cancer patients using Ion Torrent sequencing. Three synonymous polymorphisms and one missense polymorphism were detected with next-generation sequencing; however, no somatic mutations were observed. The Thr697 variant was identified in 18 patients with an average age at diagnosis of 55 years, which was a lower average age than patients without the polymorphism. In addition, a higher frequency of Thr697 was observed in African-American patients. The Pro712 was observed in 15 breast cancer patients with an average age of 58 years, and was observed as a haplotype with the Thr697 variant in 28% of the breast cancer patients studied. The missense polymorphism (Ala226Thr) was identified in a 40-year-old female patient who had a recurrence of cancer. These polymorphisms (Ala226Thr, Thr697 and Pro712) may be associated with an earlier onset of breast cancer.
Odontodysplasia. A case report.

Abstract A case of odontodysplasia is reported, this being the fifth affecting the mandible.
Chair’s Message: The Lessons of Learning as You Go

The chair of ACRP’s Association Board of Trustees recounts how he left manufacturing and research and development a decade ago to take a position as a clinical research administrator. It was a move that place him into a role he knew little about, having not been engaged in clinical research beforehand. If this sounds like a familiar experience to others, the lessons shared in this column highlight the importance of the individual’s ongoing will to learn, and of organizational support for that learning.
The Interview: A Basic Tool Used in Correctional Counseling and Treatment

The interview is the basic tool used by criminal justice agencies to obtain information from offenders and witnesses. It is also used to gather information that will be helpful to those engaged in supervising and providing services to those under supervision of a correctional agency. There are several basic methods that can be used in interviewing, including face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, self-complete interviews, and electronic interviews. Each method has its advantages and limitations. Generally, the face-to-face interview is preferable in corrections, since it is possible for the interviewer to clarify questions posed to the interviewee, provide information on expectations and services that are available, observe body language, probe answers given, and have an opportunity to establish some rapport with the person being interviewed. In this chapter, types of interviews will be described, the interviewing cycle will be explained, and examples of interviews will be given.
Healthy Checkout Lines: A Study in Urban Supermarkets.

Abstract Objective To understand the impact of healthy checkouts in Bronx, New York City supermarkets. Design Consumer purchasing behavior was observed for 2 weeks in 2015. Setting Three supermarkets in the South Bronx. Participants A total of 2,131 adult shoppers (aged ≥18 years) who paid for their groceries at 1 of the selected study checkout lines. Intervention Two checkout lines were selected per store; 1 was converted to a healthy checkout and the other remained as it was (standard checkout). Data collectors observed consumer behavior at each line and recorded items purchased from checkout areas. Main Outcome Measures Percentage of customers who purchase items from the checkout area; quantity and price of healthy and unhealthy items purchased from the healthy and standard checkout lines. Analysis Measures were analyzed by study condition using chi-square and t tests; significance was determined at α = .05. Results Only 4.0% of customers bought anything from the checkout area. A higher proportion of customers using the healthy vs standard checkout line bought healthy items (56.5% vs 20.5%; P Conclusions and Implications When healthier products were available, the proportion of healthy purchases increased. Findings contribute to limited research on effectiveness of healthy checkouts in supermarkets. Similar interventions should expect an increase in healthy purchases from the checkout area, but limited overall impact.
Comments on the Isospin Dependence of the Two-Body Effective Interaction as Deduced from Nuclear Spectra

A multipole expansion of the two-body effective interaction in the h9/2 × 2f7/2 and h9/2 × i13/2 shell model configurations has been made using recent data on the proton-proton and proton-neutron (hole) multiplets in 210Po. and 208Bi The experimental multipoles have been compared with the multipoles of charge independent scalar interactions. It is seen that an interaction of the form V12 = V0 (1+1/10σ1·σ2) exp [-r/r0)2]-Vτ01/2(1+τ1τ2) gives good agreement with the data.
Redesigning a Pharmacology Course to Promote Active Learning

Objective. To incorporate active-learning sessions into a lecture-based pharmacology course, assess the impact on student learning and attitudes, and address commonly perceived barriers to implementing active learning. Methods. Prior to the redesign, the course met twice a week for 75 minutes. As part of the redesign, the two weekly lecture sessions were reduced to 50 minutes each. Additionally, students were assigned to one of three sections that met separately once a week for a 50-minute recitation session in which they applied course concepts to cases, problems, and situations. Data from the two years before the redesign and two years after it were assessed. Results. Students' average course grade increased 2.5% after the redesign. Average ratings of the course and instructor on student evaluations each increased significantly (around 0.3 points on a 5-point scale). Conclusion. Student knowledge and performance in a pharmacology course increased when a portion of the time previously devoted to lecture was replaced with an active-learning session. This experience can serve as a blueprint for how to convert a lecture-only course into a hybrid lecture and recitation model.
Miscellaneous Protozoal Infections

Protozoa are prevalent pathogens in tropical and subtropical countries, although they also cause some of the most common intestinal infections in North America. Immigration, increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients, use of institutional child-care facilities, and the development of improved diagnostic techniques for stool collection, handling, and examination have enhanced our understanding and recognition of protozoa. A summary of protozoa affecting the gastrointestinal tract is given in Table, and selected protozoan infections are discussed below and in subsequent chapters.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of ionizing radiation on cells. The types of radiation, interactions of radiation with matter, and the measurement of radiations are discussed. The chapter also discusses DNA damage and chromosome breaks, cell survival curves, sensitivity and phase of the cell cycle, molecular checkpoint genes, repair of radiation damage, mechanism of sublethal damage repair, the oxygen effect, radiation quality and biological effects, and radioprotectors. Other types of ionizing radiations are fast-moving particles of matter. Some carry a charge of electricity, some do not. Neutrons, electrons, protons, alpha particles, heavy ions are mentioned.It is mentioned that ionizing radiations come in several varieties. First, there are rays, such as X-rays and gamma rays. Generally, X-rays are made in an electrical device, such as may be seen in any dentist's office, whereas gamma rays are emitted by unstable or radioactive isotopes. The principal target for all biological effects of ionizing radiations is the DNA. The basic lesion is a double-strand break, caused when a charged particle breaks both strands of the DNA double helix, causing the chromatin strand to snap. Chromosomal aberrations represent one of the earliest detectable biological changes; if double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur in two separate chromosomes, the broken ends may rejoin in incorrect and bizarre ways. These rearrangements can often be seen at the first metaphase after irradiation.. A cell survival curve describes the relationship between the radiation dose and proportion of cells that survive. The classic mode of cell death following exposure to radiation is "mitotic death." Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, similar to the way that cells die and are removed during embryogenesis. Cells die while attempting to divide because of chromosomal damage, such as the formation of a ring or a dicentric that causes loss of genetic material and prevents the clean segregation of DNA into the two daughter cells.. Under the section oxygen effect, the nature of oxygen effect, the mechanism, oxygen effect for different types of radiation, oxygen effect in radiotherapy of human cancer are discussed. Ionizing radiations have sufficient photon energy to knock electrons out of the atoms through which they pass, break chemical bonds, and cause a variety of biological changes. The factors that influence the biological effects of a given absorbed dose of radiation are discussed.
The Application of X-ray Fluorescence to the Analysis of Highly Alloyed Aluminum Samples

This paper describes a rapid and accurate method for the determination of manganese, copper, iron, nickel, zinc, titanium, and chromium in aluminum alloys by using an X-ray fluorescence technique. The sensitivity of the method allows for the determination of as little as 0.01% of these elements, with the practical concentration ranges being of the order of 0.1 to 3.0%.
Frames in Hilbert Spaces

So far in this volume we have mostly focused on bases, which provide unique series representations of vectors in Banach spaces in terms of the basis vectors. Intuitively, uniqueness seems to be important, if not essential, to any practical use of series representations. Yet in many applications uniqueness turns out to be more of a hindrance than a help. For example, suppose that is a basis for a Banach space.
Organism-environment interactions and differential gene expression patterns among open-coastal and estuarine populations of Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing (Rhodophyta) in the Northwest Atlantic

Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity NH4+ transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species’ use in aquaculture.
THE INFLUENCE OF MILITARY SERVICE ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

The military is a potentially transformative social institution. It tends to engage young people for relatively brief periods of time, but can exert long-term influences on health and well-being in later life through a variety of mechanisms. Serving in the military variably exposes young adults to an array of risks and potential benefits. Thus, the extent to which military service is beneficial or has negative consequences—if it has any consequences at all—depends on the particularities of historical circumstance, the prevailing organization and policies of the armed forces, individual characteristics, service experiences, and access to benefits. This presentation will: (1) present a conceptual model for studying the consequences of military service for health and well-being in later life; (2) review what is known about the influence of military service on men’s and women’s later-life health and well-being; (3) consider the limitations of existing research; and (4) suggest directions for future research.
A Multi-Modular Sensor Fusion and Decision-Making Approach for Human-Machine Teaming

Human-Machine Teaming (HMT) will require real-time evaluation of human and machine states and the integrated optimization of their collective performances during their mission task. This paper presents the development of a multi-modular sensor fusion and decision-making (MMSF-DM) architecture that uses human multi-task performance data and human physiological data in the simulated operation of a machine to determine (a) the subtask difficulty and (b) the overall task difficulty for the human. The simulated machine was a Tennessee State University developed version of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (TSU-MATB) simulator previously developed by NASA. The MMSF-DM is based on the Conscious Architecture for State Exploitation (CASE). The MMSF-DM incorporating artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methodologies was shown to correctly characterize the overall task difficulty level corresponding to the difficulty level in the human subject experimental data.
Association of BAP1 alterations with malignant pleural mesothelioma treated with trimodality therapy.

8552Background: Trimodality therapy with pleurectomy/decortication, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and adjuvant pleural intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMPRINT) is an emerging standard of care for ...
A progress report on the MAB phases: atomically laminated, ternary transition metal borides

The MAB phases are atomically layered, ternary or quaternary transition metal (M) borides (TMBs), with the general formula (MB)2zAx(MB2)y (z = 1–2; x = 1–2; y = 0–2), whose structures are composed ...
Breve introducción a la poesía de José María Arguedas en base a tres poemas emblemáticos

We could be said that the three poems - 'Call to Some Doctors', 'Ode to the Jet' and 'Hymn to our Creator Father Tupac Amaru' - are somehow related. First of all, the three texts date from the 1960s. One might ask why Jose Maria Arguedas recently decided to publish and possibly write poetry at this time. I say possibly because we do not have any data about our author's poetic production before 1960. It is known that since the 30s Arguedas dedicated himself to the construction of his magnificent narrative work, but the poet who lived - at least in Western terms - in it, only came to light after the publication of Los rios profundos in 1958, not by chance his most poetic novel, in which we can find whole paragraphs of a successful prose of undoubted lyrical value, apart from the effusion -lyrical too- achieved in this book by means of the diverse Quechua and Waynos songs interspersed in the discourse.
H5N1: Flu transmission work is urgent.

Yoshihiro Kawaoka explains that research on transmissible avian flu viruses needs to continue if pandemics are to be prevented.
Remote Robotic Arm Teleoperation through Virtual Reality

In this work, a spatial interface was designed and evaluated for enabling effective teleoperation of bi-manual robotic manipulators. Previous work in this area has investigated using immersive virtual reality systems to provide more natural, intuitive spatial control and viewing of the remote robot workspace. The current work builds upon this research through the design of the teleoperator interface and by additionally studying how varying the spatial interaction metaphor and devices employed to control the robot impacts task performance. A user study was conducted with 33 novice teleoperators split into two groups by interaction metaphor used to control the robot end-effectors, one group using a grabbing metaphor with tracked motion controllers (Oculus Touch) and the other using driving metaphor with two fixed 6-axis controllers (3Dconnexion SpaceMouse). Results indicated that, despite the challenging task, both interfaces were highly effective for bimanual teleoperation, but that motion controls provided higher peak performance, likely due to faster gross movement planning.
VISTA Is a Novel Regulator of Macrophage Biology

Background:V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint receptor with an established role as an inhibitory receptor on T cells. However, its role in myeloid cell biology remains unclear. Owing to the much higher expression of VISTA on monocytes and macrophages, we investigated its role in regulating myeloid biology. Methods: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were differentiated and treated with agonistic anti-VISTA mAb under steady-state and conditions of M1 inflammatory polarization (LPS + IFN-α). Human CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and treated with anti-VISTA in vitro. Phosphoarrays were used to assess signaling downstream of VISTA engagement and Luminex analysis was used to evaluate cytokine production. Time-course total RNA-seq was performed on BMDMs (at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours of anti-VISTA treatment). To evaluate the effect of anti-VISTA in vivo, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was performed on FACS sorted CD11b+ myeloid populations 12 hours after mice were treated with intravenous anti-VISTA. Results: Anti-VISTA treatment of BMDMs and human monocytes in vitro induced rapid phosphorylation events including robust phosphorylation of Raf-1 kinase at the suppressive serine residue 43.Next, we generated a comprehensive timestamp of VISTA activation in BMDMs in vitro by time-course deep RNA-seq analysis of agonistic anti-VISTA treated cells under rigorous M1 inflammatory polarization. This revealed a unique activation state marked by the upregulation of inhibitory cytokines IL-10 and IL1RA as well as ablation of IL-12 family cytokines, suggestive of an M2-like signature. The presence of an M2-like immunoregulatory signature defined by upregulation of the IL-10 was also seen in macrophages identified post clustering of in vivo scRNA-seq data on myeloid cells. Conclusion: Using novel agonistic anti-VISTA antibodies, we reveal that VISTA triggering on myeloid cells can induce an alternative anti-inflammatory cell-state, even under conditions of strong inflammatory polarization. This introduces VISTA as an intrinsic checkpoint of macrophage tolerance. Disclosures Noelle: Immunext: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
Ear Hustling: Lessons from a Prison Podcast

Today’s media culture offers various types of representations of prison life. Most often people outside this system create these depictions. Historically, one exception has been personal narratives written by those who have served time. These tales can show a side of prison life not possible from the point of view of an outsider. Technological advances have contributed to a new form of this type of storytelling—the prison podcast. In particular, Ear Hustle, an award-winning, prisoner-produced podcast, has drawn a lot of attention for its uniqueness. Produced behind the walls of San Quentin prison in California, it offers listeners insight into prison life from the perspective of those living it. Ear Hustle introduces them to a variety of prison topics and serves to humanize the inmate population. The purpose of this chapter is to examine at one of the newest expressions of popular prison representations by examining the contents of Ear Hustle and other prison podcasts (e.g., Written Inside, Prison Diaries, Decarcerated). It will use qualitative content analysis determine what types of prison-related topics are being covered, to identify underlying messages contained within these narratives, and to determine how these messages are similar to or different from other types of popular depictions of prison life.
Implementing an algorithm for controlling for female MC phase for clinical neuroscience

Background: Recent research suggests that hormones and/or menstrual cycle (MC) phase at time of study may significantly affect clinical neuroscience outcomes of interest. Prior research puts forth sound methods for characterizing MC phase in women not using hormonal contraceptives (HC). However, an estimated 40% of premenopausal women in the United States use some form of HC. We developed an algorithm for characterizing hormone levels and MC phase among women both using and not using HC. We have employed this algorithm among female collegiate athletes post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as female athletes are understudied in the sports mTBI field, MC phase may have important effects on mTBI-related outcomes and controlling for MC phase has not been employed in this population. Methods: Thirty female collegiate athletes were studied. Fifteen incurred a mTBI 3-10 days prior to assessment and sixteen were age, ethnicity, and menstrual cycle (MC) phase matched to the injured athletes. MC matching was conducted with retrospective and prospective self-report MC tracking, self-report of HC use, and serum progesterone testing. Results: 53% (16/30) of females were on HC and 47% (14/30) were not. Of the non-HC users, seven female pairs were in the follicular and one was in the luteal phase. Among the non-HC users, there was 50% agreement in MC phase identification between self-report and progesterone measures and a κ = 0.138. Of the HC users, eight were in the inactive and six were in the active phase of their medication. Among the HC users, average progesterone levels indicated medication compliance (.58ng/mL). Conclusions: This study provides important methodology and proof-of-concept that MC phase can be used as a control variable for time-sensitive prospective clinical neuroscience studies including those involving brain injury. When studying females, it is important to properly examine and control for the sex-specific factor of MC phase in order to have a full understanding of brain behavior relationships in translational research.
Phase II study of axalimogene filolisbac (ADXS-HPV) for platinum-refractory cervical carcinoma: An NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study

Abstract Objective Women with persistent, recurrent, and/or metastatic cervical cancer have a poor prognosis. Even with the availability of cisplatin plus paclitaxel and bevacizumab, median overall survival (OS) is only 17.0 months, with median post-progression survival of approximately seven months. We studied the therapeutic vaccine, Axalimogene filolisbac (ADXS-HPV), in women who had progressed following at least one prior line of therapy (Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 265/ NCT01266460 ). Methods Volunteers ≥18 years with advanced cervical cancer and GOG performance status score of 0 or 1 were eligible for participation in this 2-stage, phase II trial. In stage 1, women received up to three doses of ADXS-HPV (1 × 109 colony-forming units in 250 mL IV over 15 min every 28 days) and were monitored for tumor progression. In stage 2, women were treated until progression, intolerable adverse events (AEs), or voluntary withdrawal of consent. Co-primary endpoints were safety and proportion of volunteers surviving ≥12 months. An estimated, combined (stages 1 + 2) 12-month OS of 35% was calculated from historical GOG cohorts to declare ADXS-HPV sufficiently active in this platinum-pre-treated population. Secondary endpoints were OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Among 50 evaluable volunteers, the 12-month OS was 38% (n = 19). Median OS was 6.1 months (95% CI: 4.3–12.1) and median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI: 2.6–3.0). The most common treatment-related AEs were fatigue, chills, fever, nausea, and anemia. The majority of AEs were grade 1 or 2 and resolved spontaneously or with appropriate treatment. Conclusion At the dose and schedule studied, ADXS-HPV immunotherapy was tolerable and met the protocol-specified benchmark for activity required to warrant further investigation in volunteers with cervical carcinoma.
Structure of supported DPPC/cholesterol bilayers studied via X-ray reflectivity.

The electron density profile of bilayers of DPPC/cholesterol mixtures supported on semiconductor grade silicon substrates were studied with the objective of determining how the proximity of a solid interface modifies the phase diagram of mixed bilayers. The bilayers were studied in situ immersed in water via synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR). Measurements were performed as a function of temperature through the main phase transition and cholesterol mole fractions up to 40%. Analysis of XRR yields the bilayer thickness, roughness and leaflet asymmetry. We find that the structure of the pure DPPC bilayers in the gel phase is in agreement with previous X-ray measurements of supported bilayers deposited via vesicle fusion and multilamellar vesicles but show more clearly defined features than measurements made on films formed using Langmuir–Blodget Langmuir–Shaffer (LB) deposition. Examination of bilayer thickness vs. temperature shows that the melting temperature for supported bilayers is shifted upwards by approximately 4 °C relative to multilamellar vesicles and that the melting temperature decreases with increasing cholesterol content up to 20%. For pure DPPC bilayers the leaflets melt in two stages with the distal leaflet melting first. For cholesterol concentrations of 10% and 20% there is no clear indication of separate melting. For 33% and 40% cholesterol content no clear transition is seen in the bilayer thickness, but an abrupt change in roughness indicates possible microdomain formation in the 40% cholesterol sample.
Modeling Progressive Damage Accumulation in Bone Remodeling Explains the Thermodynamic Basis of Bone Resorption by Overloading.

Computational modeling of skeletal tissue seeks to predict the structural adaptation of bone in response to mechanical loading. The theory of continuum damage–repair, a mathematical description of structural adaptation based on principles of damage mechanics, continues to be developed and utilized for the prediction of long-term peri-implant outcomes. Despite its technical soundness, CDR does not account for the accumulation of mechanical damage and irreversible deformation. In this work, a nonlinear mathematical model of independent damage accumulation and plastic deformation is developed in terms of the CDR formulation. The proposed model incorporates empirical correlations from uniaxial experiments. Supporting elements of the model are derived, including damage and yielding criteria, corresponding consistency conditions, and the basic, necessary forms for integration during loading. Positivity of mechanical dissipation due to damage is proved, while strain-based, associative plastic flow and linear hardening describe post-yield behavior. Calibration of model parameters to the empirical correlations from which the model was derived is then accomplished. Results of numerical experiments on a point-wise specimen show that damage and plasticity inhibit bone formation by dissipation of energy available to biological processes, leading to material failure that would otherwise be predicted to experience a net gain of bone.
Cryogenic Considerations for Superconducting Magnet System Design for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX)

The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) has been proposed as a facility to address plasma material interaction knowledge gaps to qualify and develop materials and technologies that surround plasma environments for future fusion reactors. Utilizing different radio-frequency (rf) heating technologies, MPEX is a linear plasma device that will generate fusion reactor–like plasmas with energies and particle fluxes at the target materials with electron temperatures of 1 to 15 eV, electron densities of 1020 to 1021 m−3, and ion fluxes greater than 1024 m−2 s−1. Starting with the MPEX requirements with respect to magnetic fields between 0.1 and 2.5 T and warm bores of either 0.65 m or 1.56 m, conceptual designs for a superconducting magnet system have been developed that utilize multiple NbTi windings distributed across seven cryostats to accommodate rf heating, water cooling, and vacuum systems needed for MPEX. While the cryogenic and magnet technologies relative to the field and space requirements are mature, the integration of these technologies across multiple cryostats presents several technical and logistical challenges. An analysis of the preferred refrigeration approach, modular recondensing liquid helium cryocoolers, was performed. Utilizing a design margin of a factor of two, this approach is feasible within the current design requirements for MPEX with some considerations related to its implementation within the thermal shields and the magnet subsystem geometries.
Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: A Case Series and Incidence Rate Determination.

Background Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) have been increasingly reported. Incidence rates in the general population are lacking, with pericarditis rather than myocarditis diagnostic codes being used to estimate background rates. This comparison is critical to balance the risk of vaccination with the risk of no vaccination. Methods A retrospective case-series was performed utilizing the Mayo Clinic COVID-19 Vaccine Registry. We measured the incidence rate ratio for myocarditis temporally related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to myocarditis in a comparable population from 2016 through 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the affected patients was collected. A total of 21 individuals were identified, but ultimately 7 patients met the inclusion criteria for vaccine-associated myocarditis. Results The overall incidence rate ratio (IRR) of COVID-19 related myocarditis was 4.18 (CI95% 1.63, 8.98) which was entirely attributable to an increased IRR among adult males (IRR 6.69, CI95% 2.35, 15.52) compared to females (IRR 1.41, CI95% 0.03, 8.45).All cases occurred within 2 weeks of a dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine with the majority occurring within 3 days (range 1-13 days) following the second dose (6/7 patients, 86%). Overall, cases were mild, and all patients survived. Conclusions Myocarditis is a rare adverse event associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and in adult males it occurs with significantly higher incidence than the background population rate. Recurrence of myocarditis after a subsequent mRNA vaccine dose is not known at this time.
Spinach Ferredoxin I. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND TERMINAL SEQUENCES

The amino acid composition of several preparations of spinach ferredoxin was determined, and the most reliable composition was concluded to be: Lys4, His1, Arg1, Trp1, Asp13, Thr8, Ser7, Glu13, Pro4, Gly6, Ala9, Cys5, Val7, Met0, Ile4, Leu8, Tyr4, Phe2, (NH3)6. The total number of amino acid residues is 97. The molecular weight of spinach ferredoxin was determined by gel filtration, amino acid composition, and terminal amino acid analyses. The values ranged from 11,100 to 11,900. The amino-terminal sequence was determined by a modified Edman degradation procedure and Sanger's dinitrofluorobenzene method to be Ala–Ala–Tyr–Lys–Val–Thr–Leu. The carboxyl-terminal sequence was determined by the carboxypeptidase A procedure to be Leu–Thr–Ala.
Requirements for Multidisciplinary Design of Aerospace Vehicles on High Performance Computers

The design of aerospace vehicles is becoming increasingly complex as the various contributing disciplines and physical components become more tightly coupled. This coupling leads to computational problems that will be tractable only if significant advances in high performance computing systems are made. In this paper we discuss some of the modeling, algorithmic and software requirements generated by the design problem.
Acquisition activity of large depository institutions in the 1990s

Abstract This study examines the performance and ownership structure characteristics of financial institutions that chose to aggressively expand by acquiring other institutions. The “wealth maximization hypothesis” posits that in an era of deregulation, the most efficient institutions will acquire the less efficient, thereby creating value and benefiting shareholders. Conversely, the “incentive conflict hypothesis” argues that a large number of acquisitions is a symptom of managers pursuing their own self interests. The empirical results are consistent with the wealth-maximization hypothesis for acquirers that have at least one large outside blockholder and when acquisition activity is measured by assets acquired. But, when acquisition activity is measured by the number of acquisitions, our results fail to support the wealth-maximization hypothesis. Together, these results imply that benefits are more likely to be created when the expansion strategy is implemented by making large acquisitions rather than numerous small acquisitions. Jel classification: G21, G28, G34
Generic risk reduction strategies for R&D projects

The author provides guidelines to assess the level of technical and commercial risks in an R&D project. Project risks can be reduced by either lessening them or mitigating their consequences. A number of strategies to reduce R&D project risks are presented, and a basis for strategies that reduce the consequences of project risks using the utility concepts is provided. A framework to develop generic strategies to reduce risks is also presented. According to the framework presented, no one strategy is ideal. A variety of strategies to reduce risk can be chosen depending on the level technical and commercial risks. >
Oracle media server framework

The oracle media server framework provides distributed object-oriented access to new media data and services over a wide range of client-server networks. This framework is built on the oracle media server which has complete support for all new media data types, including audio, video, images, and text; as well as the more conventional relational data types. Oracle media net provides a network independent substrate on which a lightweight object request broker is built.