cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing rings in terms of the extent of the injectivity and projectivity of their modules

Abstract Given a ring R, we define its right i-profile (resp. right p-profile) to be the collection of injectivity domains (resp. projectivity domains) of its right R-modules. We study the lattice theoretic properties of these profiles and consider ways in which properties of the profiles may determine the structure of rings and vice versa. We show that the i-profile is isomorphic to an interval of the lattice of linear filters of right ideals of R, and is therefore modular and coatomic. In particular, we give a practical characterization of the profile of a right artinian ring and offer an example of a ring without injective left middle class for with the same is not true on the right-hand side. We characterize the p-profile of a right perfect ring and show through an example that the right p-profile of a ring is not necessarily a set. In addition, we use our results to provide a characterization of a special class of QF-rings in which the injectivity and projectivity domains of all modules coincide. The study of rings in terms of their (i- or p-)profile was inspired by the study of rings with no right (i- or p-)middle class, initiated in recent papers by Er, Lopez-Permouth and Sokmez, and by Holston, Lopez-Permouth and Orhan-Ertas.
Patient Safety in the Critical Care Environment

Improving the quality and safety of intensive care unit (ICU) care in the United States is a significant challenge for the future. Obtaining improvement in systems of care is difficult given the reactionary mode physicians tend to enter when dealing with moment-to-moment crises. It will be important to implement quality and safety measures that are already supported by evidence. Improvement of device safety will be critical to reducing the large number of device-related complications that occur in US ICUs. Prospective collection of adverse events with rigorous analysis will be important to allow systematic errors to be exposed and corrected.
Cosmic Ray Neutron Monitor for OGO-F

The objective of this experiment is to monitor the cosmic-ray neutron flux over a large region of space near the earth for an extended time with a simple neutron monitor. The basic detecting system to measure the integrated neutron flux from 10-8 to 15 MeV consists of a moderated He3 proportional counter surrounded by a charged-particle rejection system. A plastic scintillator viewed by a photomultiplier is operated in coincidence with the neutron counter to determine the energy spectrum and flux in the 1-10 MeV range. In order to minimize contributions from neutrons produced within the OGO spacecraft, the sensor is located about 4.5 meters out on the EP-5 boom. The experiment includes an in-flight calibrator to check pulse discriminator levels on neutron and charged-particle channels and a calibration-loop system to compensate for changes in the photo-multiplier gain. The mean neutron detection efficiency for the expected neutron energy spectrum over the energy range 10-8-15 MeV is 1.8 cm2. The weight of the neutron sensor is 2.58 kg, with a length of 0.314 meter and a diameter of 0.111 meters. The total power requirements are 4.5 watts.
Molecular simulation of carbon dioxide adsorption in chemically and structurally heterogeneous porous carbons

Capture of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel power plants via adsorption and sequestration of carbon dioxide in unmineable coal seams are achievable near-term methods of reducing atmospheric emissions of this greenhouse gas. To investigate the influence of surface heterogeneity upon predicted adsorption behavior in activated carbons and coal, isotherms were generated via grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation for CO 2 adsorption in slit-shaped pores with underlying graphitic structure and several variations of chemical heterogeneity (oxygen and hydrogen content), pore width, and surface functional group orientation. Adsorption generally increased with increasing surface oxygen content, although exceptions to this trend were observed on structurally heterogeneous surfaces with holes or furrows that yield strongly adsorbing preferred binding sites. Among the heterogeneous pore structures investigated, those with coal-like surfaces adsorbed carbon dioxide more strongly than planar, homogeneous graphitic slit pores of comparable width. Electrostatic adsorbate-adsorbent interactions significantly influenced adsorption onto model surfaces.
Clinical Utility of Enhanced Relative Activity Recovery on Systolic Myocardial Perfusion SPECT: Lessons from PET

SPECT and PET myocardial perfusion images show greater myocardial intensity and homogeneity in systole than diastole because of greater systolic myocardial thickness, less partial volume loss, and enhanced activity recovery. Consequently, conventional myocardial perfusion images obtained from whole cardiac cycles have lower myocardial intensity and greater heterogeneity than systolic images. Considering relative activity distribution on SPECT systolic images may add clinical utility to whole-cycle images and wall motion. Methods: Patients undergoing coronary angiogram within 4 mo after SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging were reviewed. Images were interpreted by 2 masked interpreters using a 17-segment, 5-point scale to determine summed rest scores (SSS), summed stress scores, and summed difference scores on conventional and systolic images in 603 patients (55.6% no coronary artery disease [no-CAD] and 44.4% CAD). Studies were considered normal when the SSS was less than 4 and summed difference score was less than 2. Results: In the no-CAD group, systolic SSS was lower than SSS from conventional images (2 ± 2.3 vs. 3 ± 2.6, P
Interculturalism, Ethnocentrism and Dialogue

We are delighted to introduce this special issue of Policy Futures in Education, which began when we were working together with our friend and colleague Professor Jiang Xaioping (Isadora) in Guangzhou in March 2010, setting up the Centre for Intercultural Education and Dialogue at Guangzhou University in the People’s Republic of China. Professor Jiang is Associate Dean of the School of Foreign Studies at Guangzhou University and Director of the new centre. We reviewed the way Europe has been handling interculturalism, diversity and globalization, and decided to call for papers for this special issue focusing on the Council of Europe’s (2008) White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue: ‘living together as equals in dignity’. We asked contributors to provide papers that either directly responded to the White Paper or indirectly picked up issues and concerns around the notion of ‘intercultural dialogue’ as formulated in the White Paper. With many people responding, we have been able to select an impressive and wide range of papers to highlight both of these aspects in a diverse set of articles that includes discussions about interculturalism and dialogue within Europe and in the wider world.
Traffic jam functions in a branched pathway from Notch activation to niche cell fate

The niche directs key behaviors of its resident stem cells, and is thus crucial for tissue maintenance, repair and longevity. However, little is known about the genetic pathways that guide niche specification and development. The male germline stem cell niche in Drosophila houses two stem cell populations and is specified within the embryonic gonad, thus making it an excellent model for studying niche development. The hub cells that form the niche are specified early by Notch activation. Over the next few hours, these individual cells then cluster together and take up a defined position before expressing markers of hub cell differentiation. This timing suggests that there are other factors for niche development yet to be defined. Here, we have identified a role for the large Maf transcription factor Traffic jam (Tj) in hub cell specification downstream of Notch. Tj downregulation is the first detectable effect of Notch activation in hub cells. Furthermore, Tj depletion is sufficient to generate ectopic hub cells that can recruit stem cells. Surprisingly, ectopic niche cells in tj mutants remain dispersed in the absence of Notch activation. This led us to uncover a branched pathway downstream of Notch in which Bowl functions to direct hub cell assembly in parallel to Tj downregulation.
Downsizing the ‘Great Divide’: A Reflexive Approach to Modernism, Disciplinarity, and Class

Why the past and continued contestation, asks Susan Stanford Friedman in ‘Definitional Excursions: The Meanings of Modern/Modernity/Modernism,’ over the ground of modernism? On exhausting grammatical and philosophical explanations, Friedman turns to a series of reflexive questions that allow her to probe ‘issues of power and the institutionalization of knowledge in the definitional project itself’ (Chapter 1 , 24–25). Yet while her essay successfully engages the problem of disciplines and knowledge production, it overlooks the very structure of disciplinarity to include those whom disciplinarity actively serves. What escapes notice is the simple fact that to succeed and persist disciplines need disciples as much as they need knowledge objects and a public to instruct. This sociological truism may seem too obvious a genealogy to warrant further comment except that it is precisely those structures hidden in plain sight, if you will, that most enable the formation of disciplines and the reproduction of agents and, yet, most often come to operate without acknowledgment. If we agree with Foucault that what characterizes modernity is ‘a way of acting and behaving that at one and the same time marks a relation of belonging and presents itself as a task,’ then, in the case of modernism, it makes much critical sense to query the structural reproduction of its knowledge brokers, their relation to and task of belonging (Foucault 39).
IRS Provides Much-Needed Guidance on Capitalization of Intangibles

In December 2003, the IRS adopted final regulations that explain how Section 263(a) applies to amounts paid to acquire or create intangibles. The regulations contain provisions covering the capitalization of separate and distinct intangible assets, transaction costs, and investigatory costs. Provisions in the final regulations include an election to capitalize certain costs that may have been capitalized for financial accounting purposes. The format of the regulations splits the rules into two regulations, the first dealing primarily with acquiring and creating intangibles and the second to amounts paid or incurred to facilitate an acquisition of a trade or business, a change in the capital structure of a business entity, and certain other transactions. The capitalization of intangibles has been a gray area for years, and the final regulations should bring more clarity and less ambiguity to this area. Reg. 1.263(a)-4 covers the costs of acquiring and creating intangibles. In general, this regulation requires taxpayers to capitalize these items: (1) An amount paid to acquire an intangible. (2) An amount paid to create an intangible. (3) An amount paid to create or enhance a separate and distinct intangible asset. (4) An amount paid to create or enhance a future benefit identified in published guidance in the Federal Register or in the Internal Revenue Bulletin as an intangible for which capitalization is required. (5) An amount paid to facilitate an acquisition or creation of an intangible described in 1 through 4 above (transactions costs). Reg. 1.263(a)-5 was issued with Reg. 1.263(a)-4. This regulation requires taxpayers to capitalize amounts paid or incurred to facilitate an acquisition of a trade or business, a change in the capital structure of a business entity, and certain other transactions. An amount is paid to facilitate a transaction if the amount is paid in the process of investigating or otherwise pursuing the transaction. The determination of whether an amount is paid in the process of investigating or otherwise pursuing a transaction is based on all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the transaction. The release of these final regulations places taxpayers in a better position concerning the capitalization of intangibles than they have ever been. In particular, the simplifying conventions for employee compensation, overhead, and de minimis costs are much more taxpayer friendly than had been the case in the past. The IRS's reversal of policy concerning the capitalization of package design costs is another major concession to taxpayers. Another advantage to taxpayers of having the final regulations is the lessening of much of the ambiguity that had existed in the intangibles area for many years.
Electrochemical Sensing System for Detection of Tricresyl- phosphate

Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) belongs to the organophosphate (OP) family. Like most of the OPs, TCP is an environmentally exceedingly harmful compound. Being widely utilized, TCP could be found almost everywhere around us, since its production and penetration into the environment is estimated to be thousands of tons. In this paper we are describing a new approach for TCP determination in gas phase. The detection of TCP was done by using of alkali hydrolysis medium, where resulting product cresols were detected electrochemically. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry were performed with glassy carbon or carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon working electrodes, a silver/silver chloride reference (Ag/AgCl) electrode and platinum auxiliary electrode. The oxidation peak for cresols was observed at 0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in phosphate buffer with pH 6.7. The TCP detection was in the ppb concentration range.
The Meaning of Culture and the Culture of Empiricism in American Sociology

This paper is a commentary on Christian Smith’s “The Conceptual Incoherence of ‘Culture’ in American Cultural Sociology.” This paper accepts Smith’s finding of conceptual incoherence at the disciplinary level and argues that it is a symptom of empiricism in American sociology. The paper suggests we employ conceptual analysis as practiced by analytical philosophy and proceeds to show how the use of that methodology can resolve the problem regarding the meaning of culture. In the end, the paper defends a conception of culture along the lines of Archer’s (1996) intelligibilia, interpreted as action and its products bearing social reasoning.
First-principles calculation of the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque in Ni and Fe

The magnetization dynamics of a ferromagnet subjected to an electrical current are described by an extension of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that contains two additional terms, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic spin-transfer torques. First-principles calculations of the nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$ for bcc iron and fcc nickel show that $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is related to and typically of the same order as $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, the damping constant, but is distinct from it. Calculations as a function of the ratio of spin-dependent scattering rates show that (1) the minimum of the damping constant as a function of scattering rate does not change significantly, and (2) when the polarization of the current approaches zero, $\ensuremath{\beta}$ can become large but the implied domain-wall velocity does not.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® local-regional recurrence (LR) and salvage surgery: breast cancer.

Management recommendations for breast cancer local-regional recurrence (LRR), including patient scenarios, are reviewed, and represent evidence-based data and expert opinion of the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria Expert Panel on LRR.
272 TIME TO REFERRAL AND DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS

Introduction Severe congenital cardiovascular malformation (CCVM) occurs in 1 to 2 per 1000 live births. The outlook for newborns with CCVM has improved considerably, but these malformations still contribute morbidity and mortality in this age group particularly with delays in recognition and treatment. Aim To determine the prevalence of late referral for infants with serious congenital cardiac anomalies. Methods All neonates with CCVM admitted to Alabama9s regional cardiovascular referral center from January 1, 1989 to June 30, 2004 were eligible for study. Demographic data and time of referral for cardiovascular evaluation were collected prospectively and maintained in a database. Medical records of a subset of these infants, admitted from January 1 to August 20, 2004, were reviewed retrospectively. Information on type of cardiac lesion, time of diagnosis, and various demographic variables was obtained. Infants with patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defect as the only cardiac diagnosis were not included. Referral was considered late if it occurred after 2 days of age. Results During the 15-year study period, 2390 infants were admitted with CCVM. 726 (30%) were referred for care after 2 days of age. During the study year, 2004, 59 infants were referred with CCVM. Overall, 19 infants (32%) were diagnosed after postnatal day 2. The figure shows the proportion of early and late referrals in study year 2004 for each cardiac diagnosis. Conclusion More than 30% of infants with serious CCVM were referred for diagnosis and treatment after the second postnatal day. The high proportion of infants in whom diagnosis of CCVM is delayed underscores the need for earlier detection and referral.
Determination of NO_2~-、NO_3~- and S~(2-) in Sea Food by Ion Chromatography

The Ion chromatography was constructed for conductance and ultraviolet detection of NO2-、NO3-and S2-in sea food.Optimizing pretreatments of samples,100 mmol/L NaOH solution used to distill and determine,LC-WCX removing interference,the coefficient of recovery was better.Optimizing chromatographic resolution and detection condition,separating concomitant constituents at the temperature of 25℃,the conductance and ultraviolet detection removed the interference of Cl-and SO42-with high concentration effectively.The linear range of conductance and ultraviolet detection were from 0.05 to 10 mg/L,the detection limit was from 0.75 to 6.0 mg/kg,from 0.24 to 5.8 mg/kg, the coefficient of recovery was from 88.5 to 101.5 percent、from 82.8 to 107.8 percent and RSD was from 1.2 to 2.7 percent,from 1.7 to 3.6 percent respectively.The above method was used to determine sea fish and shrimp meat and the results were satisfactory.
Job satisfaction in hospital dietetics.

How do hospital dietitians feel about their positions? Are they satisfied, or do the positions fall short in meeting psychologic needs—and in what respects? A survey is reported here of 125 hospital dietitians with respect to how important they feel fifteen psychologic needs to be and the degree to which these needs are met or not met in their positions. The findings could provide insight for improving the balance between expectations and realization, thus increasing job satisfaction and, potentially, managerial performance.
Distributional Robustness Analysis for Nonlinear Uncertainty Structures

One of the main objectives of this note is to address the question: what is the worst-case expected value of a continuous function (worst-case performance) over a class of admissible distributions? In this note, the class of symmetric and non-increasing distributions is considered and results are provided for the class of so-called semi-algebraic functions. The first part of the note shows that, for the class of distributions considered, it suffices to solve a convex optimization problem for which efficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) relaxations are available. Secondly, the proposed approach is applied to estimate hard bounds on the worst-case probability of a semi-algebraic function being negative. Several numerical examples are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of the approach presented.
InGaAsP/GaAs high-power lasers for Nd:YAG pumping

Recent results1,2 show that aluminum-free 0.808 pm InGaAsP/GaAs laser diodes are expected to have higher power and longer device lifetime than AlGaAs-based lasers. This work presents new results obtained for Al-free double heterostructure (DH) and separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) InGaP-InGaAsP-GaAs lasers grown by LP-MOCVD.2 Broad-area laser diodes with stripe width 100 μm and cavity length varying from 100 μm to 1400 μm were fabricated by standard photolithographic technique. Series resistance as low as 0.1 Ω has been obtained for laser diodes with cavity length of 1 mm, measured for bonded diodes in cw operation.
Evolution and somatic diversification of immunoglobulin light chains.

Immunoglobulin light (L) chains and L chain genes may seem the poor man’s version of the heavy (H) chains: the specificity of some antibody combining sites may appear to reside largely in the H chain portion (Zhu et al. 1984), most of the secreted camel antibodies even function without L chains (Hamers-Casterman et al. 1993), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase may (in humans) or may not (in mouse) add N regions to L chain (Victor and Capra 1994; Milstein et al. 1992) — it is as if L chain junctional diversity were secondary in importance to that of the H chain. Nonetheless, it is in the L chain system that complementarity-determining regions (CDR) were initially recognized (Wu and Kabat 1970), that immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement was demonstrated (Hozumi and Tonegawa 1976); it is also where somatic hypermutation in antibody sequences was first deduced (Weigert et al. 1970) and where the phenomenon of gene conversion in vertebrates was discovered (Reynaud et al. 1987). L chain genes may thus be viewed as genetically stripped-down versions of H chain genes that can better serve to elucidate genetic and evolutionary trends in antibody structure and diversity.
Training Physicians in Innovation

Medical or surgical technology (medtech) innovation is seldom the result of an enlightened moment of a unique individual. Instead, innovation can be taught and learned, as long as innovation resides in a milieu in which it is encouraged. Young physicians are often naturally curious and prone to innovation. However, the skill set need to hone innovation and develop technology for the benefits of patients is not part of postgraduate medical education and needs to be acquired. Multiple programs around the world can provide this skillset: a team-based, process-driven approach has been a proven vehicle for this teaching and is at the core of the Stanford University Biodesign program. This chapter will describe how innovation should be an intrinsic part of academia, the different barriers and conflicts of interest which may arise, and how physicians should be at the forefront of medtech innovation.
CHAPTER 8 – Gap Junction Channels and Healing-Over of Injury

Gap junctions are aggregates of channels extending from one cell to another across extracellular space, thereby allowing the intercellular diffusion of current carrying ions and signaling molecules. Like other membrane channels, those forming gap junctions possess mechanisms that regulate their opening and closing and rapidly change their expression patterns in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Such flexibility provides the opportunity for global or regional alterations in conduction within the heart and thus provides a substrate for disturbances of cardiac rhythm. High-resolution images indicate that gap junction channels are formed of hexamers of connexin proteins contributed by each cell. Each connexin is a tetraspan membrane protein, with at least one and perhaps more of the transmembrane stretches contributing to the channel pore. Gap junction proteins (connexins) exhibit very short life spans, during which they progress to the junctional membrane through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, where they are assembled into connexons. Death of junctional proteins may involve internalization and breakdown through both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Basal promotor mapping has been performed for two of the cardiac connexin genes, indicating the existence of an estrogen response element for Cx43.
Language as value in The Secret Agent

We must not allow our insistence on discussing the inevitable relationship between technique and meaning to blur the distinction between on the one hand, the written, linear language on the page (the means of mimesis), and on the other, the imaginary events and characters (the objects of mimesis) for which language is a catalyst. Criticism of The Secret Agent has rarely distinguished between the object of mimesis and the means of mimesis; between the ‘monstrous’ town of London and the language that Conrad creates to describe it. For example, Joseph I. Fradin and Jean W. Creighton argue that Conrad creates a language ‘stripped of moral energy and commitment to the community of men’ in order to reflect ‘a morally neutral and incoherent universe’.1 I will argue the very opposite; namely, that the language is constantly evaluating, controlling, and restraining the nihilism of the imagined world. For The Secret Agent depends upon a tension between disintegration of the content (Conrad’s perception of turn-of-the-century London) and integration and cohesion of the form (the language and the tightly unified narrative). Conrad creates a language that is moral, civilised, and rational, and a narrator with the intelligence and moral energy to suggest alternatives to the cynicism, amorality, and hypocrisy that dominate and prevail in political relationships within London. Although the narrator to whom the entire language of the book is assigned at first seems isolated and detached from a world he abhors, he gradually reveals himself as a multi-dimensional figure whose concern and sympathy for those trapped within the cosmic chaos become part of the novel’s values.
Comparing Intraoral Radiography and Computed Tomography for Detecting Radiographic Signs of Periodontitis and Endodontic Disease in Dogs: An Agreement Study.

Objective: To determine whether computed tomography and intraoral radiography are interchangeable for detecting signs of periodontitis and endodontic disease in dogs. Materials and Methods: An agreement study was performed using 40 dogs that previously underwent intraoral radiography and computed tomography during the same anesthetic episode. Images of each tooth were examined by two blinded observers for signs of periodontitis and/or endodontic disease. Agreement between imaging modalities and between observers was assessed using the Kappa statistic. Results: Agreement between modalities for detecting periodontitis in the maxillae ranged from poor to very good (κ 0.07-1.00) with 16/20 (80%) of the teeth having a score of moderate or better (κ ≥ 0.41). Agreement between modalities for detecting signs consistent with periodontitis in the mandibles ranged from poor to very good (κ 0.01-1.00) with 10/22 (45%) of the teeth having a score of good or better (κ ≥0.61); 50% of the disagreement was present in the incisors. Agreement between modalities for detecting signs consistent with endodontic disease in the whole mouth ranged from fair to very good (κ 0.21-1.00) with 30/42 (71%) of the teeth having a score of moderate or better (κ ≥0.41). Agreement between observers evaluating IOR ranged from poor to very good (κ 0.05-1) for detecting signs consistent with periodontitis and from fair to very good (κ 0.36-1) for detecting signs consistent with endodontic disease, in the whole mouth. Agreement between observers evaluating CT ranged from fair to very good (κ 0.35-1) for detecting signs consistent with periodontitis and from fair to very good (κ 0.36-1) for detecting signs consistent with endodontic disease, in the whole mouth Conclusions: Performing both computed tomography and intraoral radiography may be unnecessary to detect signs consistent with periodontitis and endodontic disease in dogs based on the amount of agreement between modalities and observers when CT images are acquired and reconstructed in 0.5 or 1 mm slice thickness, except for diagnosing periodontitis in the mandibular incisors.
Decade-Long Trends (2001 to 2011) in the Use of Evidence-Based Medical Therapies at the Time of Hospital Discharge for Patients Surviving Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Optimization of medical therapy during discharge planning is vital for improving patient outcomes after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, limited information is available about recent trends in the prescribing of evidence-based medical therapies in these patients, especially from a population-based perspective. We describe decade-long trends in the discharge prescribing of aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β blockers, and statins in hospital survivors of AMI. The study population consisted of 5,253 patients who were discharged from all 11 hospitals in central Massachusetts after AMI in 6 biennial periods from 2001 to 2011. Combination medical therapy (CMT) was defined as the prescription of all 4 cardiac medications at hospital discharge. The average age of this patient population was 69.2 years and 57.7% were men. Significant increases were observed in the use of CMT, from 25.6% in 2001 to 48.7% in 2011, with increases noted for each of the individual cardiac medications examined. Subgroup analysis also showed improvement in discharge prescriptions for P2Y12 inhibitors in patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention. Presence of a do-not-resuscitate order, before co-morbidities, hospitalization for non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, admission to a nonteaching hospital, and failure to undergo cardiac catheterization or a percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with underuse of CMT. In conclusion, our study demonstrates encouraging trends in the prescribing of evidence-based medications at hospital discharge for AMI. However, certain patient subgroups continue to be at risk for underuse of CMT, suggesting the need for strategies to enhance compliance with current practice guidelines.
Current Definitions of “Transdiagnostic” in Treatment Development: A Search for Consensus

Research in psychopathology has identified psychological processes that are relevant across a range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mental disorders, and these efforts have begun to produce treatment principles and protocols that can be applied transdiagnostically. However, review of recent work suggests that there has been great variability in conceptions of the term “transdiagnostic” in the treatment development literature. We believe that there is value in arriving at a common understanding of the term “transdiagnostic.” The purpose of the current paper is to outline three principal ways in which the term “transdiagnostic” is currently used, to delineate treatment approaches that fall into these three categories, and to consider potential advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Raine Syndrome (OMIM #259775), Caused By FAM20C Mutation, Is Congenital Sclerosing Osteomalacia With Cerebral Calcification (OMIM 259660).

In 1985, we briefly reported infant sisters with a unique, lethal, autosomal recessive disorder designated congenital sclerosing osteomalacia with cerebral calcification. In 1986, this condition was entered into Mendelian Inheritance In Man (MIM) as osteomalacia, sclerosing, with cerebral calcification (MIM 259660). However, no attestations followed. Instead, in 1989 Raine and colleagues published an affected neonate considering unprecedented the striking clinical and radiographic features. In 1992, “Raine syndrome” entered MIM formally as osteosclerotic bone dysplasia, lethal (MIM #259775). In 2007, the etiology emerged as loss-of-function mutation of FAM20C that encodes family with sequence similarity 20, member C. FAM20C is highly expressed in embryonic calcified tissues and encodes a kinase (dentin matrix protein 4) for most of the secreted phosphoproteome including FGF23, osteopontin, and other regulators of skeletal mineralization. Herein, we detail the clinical, radiological, biochemical, histopathological, and FAM20C findings of our patients. Following premortem tetracycline labeling, the proposita's non-decalcified skeletal histopathology after autopsy indicated no rickets but documented severe osteomalacia. Archival DNA revealed the sisters were compound heterozygotes for a unique missense mutation and a novel deletion in FAM20C. Individuals heterozygous for the missense mutation seemed to prematurely fuse their metopic suture and develop a metopic ridge sometimes including trigonocephaly. Our findings clarify FAM20C's role in hard tissue formation and mineralization, and show that Raine syndrome is congenital sclerosing osteomalacia with cerebral calcification. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Propagation of VLF Waves Past a Coastline

The fundamental solution for VLF waves propagating past a shoreline in the earth-ionosphere duct is obtained in terms of an infinite series using the Wiener-Hopf methods. The effects of the land, sea, and ionosphere are given in terms of complex impedance boundary conditions. As a result, each mode in the series is progressively damped. At low frequencies and distances far from the shoreline where a single mode dominates, reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. When the ionospheric impedance is small and when the source and receiver are sufficiently elevated, the effect of the shoreline is not observable. However, when either the source or receiver is near the earth, the portion of the wave reflected is proportional to the difference of sea and land impedances. At slightly higher frequencies, there exists an annular region about the shoreline where two modes propagate over the sea while, due to heavy damping, only one mode propagates over the land. The resulting increase of the field strength as the receiver passes from land, seaward is the “recovery effect.”
The ‘final bell!’ performing everyday memories of communism in the Czech lands

ABSTRACTThis contribution explores the importance of performativity in the collective memory of communism at a Czech high school in Pacov, where teachers and students re-enacted a ‘typical’ communist day as part of an end-of-school ‘happening’ in 2006. ‘Happenings’, originally employed by alternative artistic groups to challenge the totalitarian public sphere, have increasingly been appropriated by young people to stage their own narratives of the history of communism. The analysis utilizes ethnographic and interview material to explore the impact of everyday (i.e. social), rather than political, memories of communism, as well as humorous and ironic genres (as opposed to epic or moralistic versions) on young people’s engagement with the past.
Long-Term Follow-Up After Gastric Reconstruction of the Esophagus

The stomach is one of the most commonly used conduits for esophageal replacement. Restoration of gastrointestinal continuity may be undertaken for a variety of underlying etiologies, including long-gap esophageal atresia in children or benign or malignant disease in adults. Regardless of underling etiology, the replacement esophagus must be able to adequately mimic the native esophagus over the lifetime of the patient. While the literature on long-term follow-up after esophageal replacement is somewhat limited, the published experience does highlight outcomes that result from the act of transposing conduit into the altered physiological environment of the chest. In this chapter we will review these outcomes, with particular focus on the results after gastric pull-up.
Design of deep convolutional networks for prediction of image rapid serial visual presentation events

We report in this paper an investigation of convolutional neural network (CNN) models for target prediction in time-locked image rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) experiment. We investigated CNN models with 11 different designs of convolution filters in capturing spatial and temporal correlations in EEG data. We showed that for both within-subject and cross-subject predictions, the CNN models outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms: Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) and xDAWN spatial filtering and achieved >6% improvement. Among the 11 different CNN models, the global spatial filter and our proposed region of interest (ROI) achieved best performance. We also implemented the deconvolution network to show how we can visualize from activated hidden units for target/nontarget events learned by the ROI-CNN. Our study suggests that deep learning is a powerful tool for RSVP target prediction and the proposed model is applicable for general EEG-based classifications in brain computer interaction research. The code of this project is available at https://github.com/ZijingMao/ROICNN.
Resistance, Evasion, and Inequality: Legal Consciousness of Intellectual Property Laws in Two Chinese Markets

How does an intellectual property (IP) legal regime affect those who make their living on counterfeit commodities, and in return how do these people respond to the implementation of IP laws? In this ethnographic study, I analyze the effects of an IP legal regime in two Chinese markets, and use legal consciousness theories and methods to show how this legal regime results in greater social inequality. While the majority of business owners in my study engage in counterfeiting, their tactics in response to the enforcement of IP laws vary significantly. Small shopkeepers at one market, the primary target of enforcement, adopt the legal consciousness of resistance. Established trademark and logo owners at the other market adopt tactics of evasion to maintain the appearance of lawful practices. I argue that these two types of tactics embody different forms of legal consciousness. The divergent tactical responses strengthen the second group of business owners who have greater power and resources at the expense of the first group who have less, thus aggravating their socioeconomic disparities.
Doing things with words: toward evocative ethnography

The concept of evocative ethnography is described and contrasted with realist representation. Two examples of evocative ethnography are provided: the plight of women as they age and the impact of d...
Complementation and Transitive Closure

Over infinite structures, there is a strict hierarchy of languages that is obtained by alternating uses of the least-fixed point operator and negation. For finite structures, we show that the hierarchy collapses to its first-level.
The Role of Mutagenesis in Carcinogenesis

Although mutagenesis is recognized by scientists as a fundamental biological process, there are many who do not believe it plays any role in the genesis of several major diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, teratological or congenital defects, and aging. If one accepts (1) the concept of “disease” as the manifestation of disruptions of biological, biochemical, or biophysical processes controlled by genetic products interacting with environmental factors (Brody, 1973), and (2) the concept of cancer as a phenotype (Lynch and Kaplan, 1974; Trosko and Chu, 1975), then it should be apparent that, conceptually, mutations (as well as gene modulations and enzyme inhibitors or stimulators) ought to be important causes of diseases. To demonstrate at the molecular level that either a particular DNA molecule or its product which controls cell division has been altered via mutagenesis in cancer cells is still a difficult technical task, if for no other reason than the fact that the genes and proteins involved in normal cell division have not yet been delineated (Trosko et al., 1977a).
Apple Pomace Consumption Favorably Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Young Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a Western Diet

Apple pomace, which is a waste byproduct of processing, is rich in several nutrients, particularly dietary fiber, indicating potential benefits for diseases that are attributed to poor diets, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD affects over 25% of United States population and is increasing in children. Increasing fruit consumption can influence NAFLD. The study objective was to replace calories in standard or Western diets with apple pomace to determine the effects on genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and on risk of NAFLD. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to isocaloric diets of AIN-93G and AIN-93G/10% w/w apple pomace (AIN/AP) or isocaloric diets of Western (45% fat, 33% sucrose) and Western/10% w/w apple pomace (Western/AP) diets for eight weeks. There were no significant effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats fed AIN/AP. Western/AP diet containing fiber-rich apple pomace attenuated fat vacuole infiltration, elevated monounsaturated fatty acid content, and triglyceride storage in the liver due to higher circulating bile and upregulated hepatic DGAT2 gene expression induced by feeding a Western diet. The study results showed the replacement of calories in Western diet with apple pomace attenuated NAFLD risk. Therefore, apple pomace has the potential to be developed into a sustainable functional food for human consumption.
On the Randomized Cross Approximation of EFIE Method of Moments

A fully algebraic approach is presented for the evaluation of the non-neighboring group interactions of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems in the case of the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) method. The proposed method exploits the numerical rank deficiency of the non-neighboring groups interactions in a similar way as the Adaptive Cross Approximation (ACA) method, but following a procedure that leads into considerably lower ranks than ACA. Instead of factorizing the interaction impedance matrix, the proposed method operates on the core of the impedance matrix by factorizing the integral equation kernel (Green‘s function). The factorization specifically is implemented by following a randomized scheme of selecting rows and columns instead of the time consuming adaptive partial pivoting that ACA does. By these ingredients the proposed Randomized Cross Approximation (RCA) method presents considerably lower ranks than ACA while having a low frequency $\mathcal{O}(N)$ and high frequency $\mathcal{O}(N^{1.75}$ ) complexity for a single non-near interaction.
Smoking And The Economic Cost Of Lost Production

The 1989 report of the Surgeon General, “Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress,” claimed that “approximately 390,000 Americans died in 1985 as the result of smoking.” Such figures as these, along with associated figures on rates of illness among smokers, have in turn been expressed as equivalent economic magnitudes. For instance, the prominently cited survey sponsored by the Office of Technology Assessment, summarized in Table 2.2 above, placed these magnitudes at between $38 billion and $95 billion for 1985. This survey went on to postulate a “best” estimate of $65 billion, which is $2.17 per pack of cigarettes. These cost estimates distinguish between “direct” and “indirect” costs. Direct costs refer to the various medical expenses that are claimed to be associated with smoking, while indirect costs refer to the lost production that is estimated to result because of the purported illnesses and deaths attributed to smoking. With respect to the $65 billion estimate, about one-third, $22 billion, were direct costs, while the remaining two-thirds, $43 billion, were indirect costs.
Mind beyond Brain: Buddhism, Science, and the Paranormal,

It is unclear whether the authors of the edited collection, Mind Beyond Brain: Buddhism, Science, and the Paranormal, would be entirely pleased to know that this book is reviewed for a publication ...
The Social Ecology of Natural Supports

The behavioral sciences are currently undergoing what may be a paradigm shift (Kuhn, 1970). Systems approaches and ecological models are replacing simple causal explanations with systems of reciprocal interdependences. The classic medical model, which has been criticized as inadequate for dealing with mental health issues, largely presumes unique causes and may be inadequate for medicine as well. There is evidence that stressful life events are closely related to disease processes (Holmes & Masuda, 1974). External Stressors, however, can be mediated by successful coping strategies (Felton, Brown, Lehmann, & Liberatos 1980; Pearlin & Schooler, 1977). Social affiliation is a major coping resource whether for hunting, warfare, or personal well-being. Recognition of the importance of these factors for the understanding of behavior has stimulated new areas of research. One such area that is receiving a good deal of attention is that of social networks and social supports: the variety of social contacts that an individual maintains and their function in aiding adaptation and adjustment.
“Anything Is Better than Nothing!” Inservice Teacher Preparation for Teaching Students with Disabilities:

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine three elementary music teacher’s perceptions of preparation to work with students with disabilities. Research questions included the follo...
The Long-term Impact of Preventative Public Health Programs

This paper estimates the long-term impact of childhood exposure to a preventative public health programme on adult human capital. From 1908 to 1933, local governments in the United States instituted county-level health departments (CHDs) that provided preventative health services geared towards children. This paper estimates the long-term benefits of childhood exposure to this public programme using variation in CHD location, timing and age of exposure. CHD operation before the age of 5 increases men’s later-life earnings by 2% to 5%. Exposed boys not only perform better than later- and never-treated groups, but, after adding household fixed effects, exposed men earn more than their brothers.
( n , γ ) Cross Sections of Na 23 , I 127 , and Au 197

The cross sections for the ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}(n, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$ and the ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}(n, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{I}}^{128}$ reactions have been measured by an activation method over the neutron energy range 20 kev to 1 Mev. The neutron flux was measured with a fission detector which contained a thin layer of known weight of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$. The ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ cross-section variation with energy shows incompletely resolved resonance structure; an average curve through the data decreases as $\frac{1}{{v}_{n}}$ from 2.4 mb at 20 kev to 0.6 mb at 300 kev, and as $\frac{1}{{E}_{n}}$ from 0.6 mb at 300 kev to 0.2 mb at 1 Mev. The ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$ cross section can be represented approximately by a straight line on a log-log plot, decreasing from 1.0 barn at 30 kev to 80 mb at 1 Mev. The ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}(n, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Au}}^{198}$ cross section, measured at a neutron energy of 180 kev, is 310\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 mb.
Improving the Teaching of Biostatistics in an Online Master Degree Program in Epidemiology

Master of public health (MPH) students generally lack calculus-based mathematical training before embarking on an MPH degree. As a result, some biostatistics instructors balk at the idea of teaching conceptual knowledge to MPH students, often content with imparting procedural skills. Teaching a concept-oriented biostatistics course for online MPH students would seem doubly challenging. The author cites concrete examples from a categorical data analysis course to show how a novel teaching approach can render the online environment fertile ground for teaching conceptual knowledge of biostatistics to MPH students. Central to the new approach is a large set of carefully designed computing exercises that concretize abstract statistical concepts. Students use a small data set to compute a puzzling quantity such as the deviance according to the quantity's theoretical definition and then compare their results with that generated by a reputable statistical package. Students derive intellectual satisfaction from these concept-oriented computing exercises, as suggested by end-of-semester course survey data.
Elementary Proofs of the Trigonometric Inequalities of Huygens, Cusa, and Wilker

We present elementary proofs of the inequalities of Huygens, Cusa, and Wilker, using visual proofs of several simpler inequalities and integral calculus. [Mismatch]