cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism in Perfused Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Dichloroacetate

Dichloroacetate lowers blood glucose and diminishes blood levels of lactate, pyruvate, and alanine in both starvation and diabetes. To determine the role of skeletal muscle in these changes, studies were carried out in intact rats, with the isolated perfused rat hindquarter and soleus muscle preparation. In hindquarters from fed, starved, and diabetic rats, dichloroacetate alone or in the presence of insulin did not augment glucose uptake. On the other hand, it dramatically curtailed the release of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate, pyruvate, and alanine. Dichloroacetate increased markedly the generation of 14 CO 2 from lactate-1- 14 C in starved and diabetic rats, suggesting activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The increment in lactate oxidation was stoichiometri-cally equivalent to the decrease in lactate plus alanine release. Glycolysis, as determined from the sum of lactate and alanine release plus lactate oxidation in the hindquarter and from the formation of 3 H 2 O from 3- 3 H-glucose by the incubated soleus muscle, was not altered by dichloroacetate. Dichloroacetate curtailed the release of most amino acids in the perfused hindquarter of fed rats. In starved and diabetic rats, it caused an increase in the release of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, suggesting inhibition of their metabolism. As judged from lactate-pyruvate and 3-hydroxybutyrate-acetoacetate ratios and changes in tissue α-glycerol-phosphate, perfusion with dichloroacetate caused the cytosol of the muscle cell to become more reduced and the mitochondria more oxidized. Similar changes occurred when it was administered to intact animals. These findings suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of dichloroacetate is, at least in part, due to a decrease in the release of gluconeogenic precursors from skeletal muscle secondary to activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
An Empirical Study on English Listening Anxiety Cognition

As a branch of foreign language learning anxiety,English listening anxiety has attracted an increasing attention from the scholars.By questionnaires in accords to Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale,this study attempts to investigate listening anxiety among 121 students from International College in Ningbo University empirically and systematically.Centering on the situation of listening anxiety,the purpose of the study is to understand the relationship between listening anxiety and listening tests through a quantitative analysis.
Study on influence of meteorological parameters on incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shunyi district, Beijing

Objective To identify the relationship between hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) and meteorological parameters for selection of appropriate predicting factors for the incidence trend of HFMD in Shunyi district. Methods Spearman' s rank correlation was used in the analysis of the correlation between meteorological parameters and incidence of HFMD per month from 2009 to 2013.Stepwise regression analysis was performed to model the HFMD change regarding meteorological parameters. Results Single wave was observed in the HFMD incidence seasonal succession curve, indicating that incidence reached apeak in May- July, that incidence was 0.12 ~96.09/100 000 per month. It was found that HFMD incidence was negatively correlated with the monthly average atmospheric pressure,positively correlated with the monthly average temperature,the monthly average relative humidity,the monthly sunshine time,the monthly total rainfall,the monthly average difference in temperature.Stepwise regression analysis showed that d2,t1,and P2 could be used for predicting HFMD incidence best,that adjusted R2 was 0.766. Conclusion Since the incidence of HFMD was correlated with meteorological parameters, its change could be predicted by a temperature,difference in temperature and rainfall fitting model.
Numerical and Experimental Simulation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Typical Iced Conductor

Ice-induced galloping of transmission line is caused by the aerodynamic force of iced conductor, so the aerodynamic characteristics of iced conductor play a key role in researching the galloping. Therefore, on the basis of the current status of research on aerodynamic characteristics of iced conductor, using the Spalart-Allmaras(SA) turbulence model and the ADINA software, we systematically researched the aerodynamic parameters(lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and torsion coefficient) of crescent-shaped, alary-shaped, fan-shaped, and D-shaped iced conductors with different ice thicknesses. Furthermore, we investigated the phenomenon that sudden peaks of aerodynamic parameters changed with the attack angle based on the pressure distribution of flow field. The results indicate that the numerical simulation well agrees with the experiments. The aerodynamic parameters are not determined by wind speed but determined by the conductor type, thickness and shape of accreted-ice, and attack angle. With the increase of ice thickness, the negative slope and change rate of the aerodynamic parameter curve also increase, i.e., as the wind threshold of galloping decreases, the possibility of transmission line galloping is enhanced.
Abstract A168: Towards an understanding of the structural basis of CXCR7 ligand binding and signaling

Chemokines are small signaling proteins that control cell migration through the formation of extracellular concentration gradients. Binding of chemokines to chemokine receptors activates intracellular signaling pathways, leading to chemotaxis of leukocytes during an inflammatory response. Chemokines and their receptors are thereby a crucial part of the immune system and regulate a number of other physiological functions including development and angiogenesis. Most chemokine receptors belong to the large family of G-protein coupled receptors that are ubiquitous in human cells and constitute ~40% of current drug targets. CXCR7 (also known as atypical chemokine receptor 3, ACKR3) is an atypical (not G-protein coupled) chemokine receptor that binds the chemokines SDF-1 (shared with CXCR4) and I-TAC (shared with CXCR3). This binding triggers β-arrestin dependent signaling pathways and regulates signaling of other receptors by controlling the extracellular chemokine concentration. CXCR7 expression is up-regulated in different forms of cancer and inhibiting CXCR7 with siRNA or a small molecule CXCR7 antagonist can reduce tumor size and slow down cancer progression. These findings make CXCR7 a therapeutic target and an antagonist of CXCR7 is currently tested in preclinical trials to treat glioblastoma multiforme. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism of chemokine binding and signal transduction for CXCR7. This is done by determining a high resolution structure of CXCR7 in complex with SDF-1 and a small molecule antagonist using x-ray crystallography in combination with other complimentary methods. To date, the conditions for production of large amounts of stable, functional CXCR7 protein have been optimized and lipid cubic phase crystals have been obtained of CXCR7 in complex with a high affinity mutant of SDF-1. and key sites of interaction between the receptor and chemokine have been identified. Currently, crystallization conditions are being optimized to produce crystals large enough to enable structure determination. High resolution structures of CXCR7 in complex with SDF-1 and antagonists could facilitate the development of new therapeutics targeting CXCR7 with higher affinity and specificity. A structure of CXCR7 in complex with SDF-1 could also reveal the molecular details of chemokine binding, and the structural differences between the atypical CXCR7 and other chemokine receptors that lead to triggering of different signaling pathways upon chemokine binding. Citation Format: Martin Gustavsson, Yi Zheng, Ling Qin, Lauren G. Holden, Irina Kufareva, Tracy M. Handel. Towards an understanding of the structural basis of CXCR7 ligand binding and signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A168.
Bridging Printed Music and Audio Through Alignment Using a Mid-level Score Representation.

We present a system that utilizes a mid-level score representation for aligning printed music to its audio rendition. The mid-level representation is designed to capture an approximation to the musical events present in the printed score. It consists of a template based note detection frontend that seeks to detect notes without regard to musical duration, accidentals or the key signature. The presented method is designed for the commonly used grand staff and the approach is extendable to other types of scores. The image processing consists of page segmentation into lines followed by multiple stages that optimally orient the lines and establish a reference grid to be used in the note identification stage. Both the audio and the printed score are converted into compatible frequency representations. Alignment is performed using dynamic time warping with a specially designed distance measure. The insufficient pitch resolution due to the reductive nature of the mid-level representation is compensated by this pitch tolerant distance measure. Evaluation is carried out at the beat level using annotated scores and audio. The results demonstrate that the approach provides an efficient and practical alternative to methods that rely on symbolic MIDI-like information through OMR methods for alignment.
Promoting Culturally Respectful Cancer Education Through Digital Storytelling

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality among Alaska Native people. Over half of Alaska Native people live in rural communities where specially trained community members called Community Health Aides/Practitioners (CHA/Ps) provide health care. In response to CHA/Ps’ expressed desire to learn more about cancer, four 5-day cancer education and digital storytelling courses were provided in 2014. Throughout each course, participants explored cancer information, reflected on their personal experiences, and envisioned how they might apply their knowledge within their communities. Each course participant also created a personal and authentic digital story, a methodology increasingly embraced by Indigenous communities as a way to combine storytelling traditions with modern technology to promote both individual and community health. Opportunities to learn of CHA/Ps’ experiences with cancer and digital storytelling included a 3-page end-of-course written evaluation, a weekly story-showing log kept for 4 weeks post-course, a group teleconference held 1–2 weeks post-course, and a survey administered 6 months post-course. Participants described digital storytelling as a culturally respectful way to support cancer awareness and education. Participants described the process of creating digital stories as supporting knowledge acquisition, encouraging personal reflection, and sparking a desire to engage in cancer risk reduction activities for themselves and with their families and patients. As a result of creating a personalized digital story, CHA/Ps reported feeling differently about cancer, noting an increase in cancer knowledge and comfort to talk about cancer with clients and family. Indigenous digital stories have potential for broad use as a culturally appropriate health messaging tool.
Discussion: “Cultural Aspects of Family Assessment and Therapy,” Symposium

As an outsider to psychiatry, I was stunned, when entering this palace to participate in the meeting of the World Congress of Psychiatry, at the overwhelming presence and display of drug companies and their advertisements. I felt out of place, and my hopes for interdisciplinary collaboration between psychiatry and anthropology were about to be abandoned. The present symposium, however, has restored my confidence in such collaborative possibilities. All the papers presented here could indeed have been given at an anthropology or other social science meeting. Tseung’s paper in particular reminds me of an anthropology class lecture, and Wolin’s paper follows a major anthropological tradition in offering a functionalist interpretation of rituals.
Direct Alcohol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters, and Phosphatidylethanol

Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate are minor metabolites of alcohol that are found in various body fluids and also in human hair. Ethyl glucuronide is formed by the direct conjugation of ethanol and glucuronic acid through the action of a liver enzyme. Ethyl sulfate is formed directly by the conjugation of ethanol with a sulfate group. These compounds are water soluble and can be used as direct alcohol biomarkers. Fatty acid ethyl esters are also direct markers of alcohol abuse because they are formed due to the chemical reaction between fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are formed primarily in the liver and pancreas and then are released into the circulation. These compounds are also incorporated into hair follicles through sebum and can be used as a biomarker of alcohol abuse.
The HGFIN Gene Mediates Cell Cycle Quiescence of CD34+/CD38-: Implications for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Gene Therapy.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are difficult to expand in vitro since expansion media mostly include exogenous factor, e.g., cytokines. Growth factors cause lineage commitment with the HSC exhibiting short-term immune reconstitution. The recently cloned HGFIN (or nmb ) gene has been detected in CD34+/CD38− and differentiated immune cells. HGFIN is a single transmembrane protein with multiple consensus regions for p53. In malignant cells, HGFIN mediate tumor progression and in normal cells, HGFIN maintain cell cycle quiescence. We hypothesize that HGFIN negatively regulates proliferation of HSC by prolonging the G phase. Short-term knockdown of HGFIN in HSC could cause the cells to exit G/G1 phase so as to accommodate the insertion of a replacement gene, without changing the pluripotent property of HSC. RT-PCR detected HGFIN mRNA in CD34+/CD38− cells, but not in CD34+/CD38+ cells from bone marrow (BM) aspirates. Treatment of CD34+/CD38− cells with double stranded HGFIN siRNA oligos for 2 h led to their exit from G1 to G2/S (flow cytometry). During this time, adenovirus-LacZ (s-galactosidase assay) was incorporated in >80% CD34+/CD38− cells, compared to 10–20% exposed to mutant siRNA, or untreated. After 24 h exposure to siRNA oligos, the CD34+/CD38− cells reverted to G0/1 phase. The latter cells (with adenovirus-LacZ) were studied in 12-wk long-term culture initiating assay. The results (s-gal positive progenies) from the LTC-IC assay indicate that despite siRNA treatment, the CD34+/CD38− cells retained multipotential properties. Future investigations with specific HGFIN antibody will map pathways among HGFIN and other molecules that regulate cell cycle progression in CD34+/CD38− cells. In summary, the results show that HGFIN regulate cell cycle quiescence of CD34+/CD38− cells. Transient knock down of HGFIN in these cells allow adenovirus to be inserted without loss of multipotential properties. Understanding the biology of HSC at the molecular level will be relevant to HSC expansion and restoration of immune competence via gene therapy.
Joseph Savage (1823–1891): Abolitionist, Kansas Pioneer, Horticulturist, Fossil Collector

A native of Vermont, Joseph Savage was one of the early settlers in the Kansas Territory. He is known historically as one of the founders of the city of Lawrence, an active supporter of the newly formed State University, a well recognized horticulturist, and the proprietor of a successful nursery business. However, many of his scientific accomplishments have been overlooked or are simply lost in history. In the 1860s, Savage became associated with the first state geologist of Kansas, B. F. Mudge, and learned about geology, paleontology and other scientific subjects. He accompanied Mudge as a fossil collector in western Kansas for several years, served as an assistant geologist on the 1872 Hayden Survey of Yellowstone National Park, collected fossils for O. C. Marsh at Yale, and later for the University of Kansas. He was also a long-time member of the Kansas Academy of Science (KAS), served as an elected officer of the KAS, and was a frequent contributor of oral scientific presentations at the annual meetings. In view of his scientific accomplishments, Joseph Savage deserves recognition as one of the early paleontologists of Kansas.
Trade-off between switching loss and common mode EMI generation of GaN devices-analysis and solution

Due to low loss and fast switching capabilities of gallium nitride (GaN) based power devices; there has been a strong interest in the replacement of silicon (Si) devices in power electronics converters for various applications. However, one of the concerns is that the high switching speed (dv/dt and di/dt) of GaN devices will deteriorate the EMI emission of power converters. Hence, this paper studies the common mode EMI emission of GaN based devices by taking a synchronous boost converter as a case study. It will be shown that, exploiting the full switching speed of GaN devices increases the EMI in very high frequency range by up to 10dB comparing to a Si counterpart, while slowing down the switching transition completely offsets the advantage on switching loss. Based on the above observation, two solutions are proposed to mitigate EMI generation of GaN converter without compromising its benefits on low switching loss.
The relationship between contrast sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with glaucoma

To evaluate the correlation between contrast sensitivity (CS) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in different areas of vision. This report is a sub-analysis of a prospective, observational cohort study investigating changes in performance-based assessment, vision-related quality of life, and clinical measures in patients with moderate to advanced glaucoma. The study included 161 participants with at least a 2-year history of glaucoma who underwent annual testing for 4 years. Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity (SPARCS) test, while RNFL thickness (RNFLT) was measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT). Statistical analyses were performed to determine correlations between CS and RNFLT; the correlations were calculated for each annual visit, totaling four correlation coefficients for each patient over the course of 4 years. The SPARCS score in the left upper area of vision correlated the most strongly with the RNFLT of the inferior quadrant for both eyes at each annual visit, specifically in the seven o’clock sector for the left eye and the six o’clock sector for the right eye (p < 0.05). There were no discernible trends for the correlations between the other areas of CS and RNFL quadrants or clock hours over the 4 years of the study. Linear regression between the SPARCS total score and average RNFLT showed a significant direct correlation at each visit (p < 0.01). Contrast sensitivity in the left upper area of vision for both eyes correlated most strongly with the thickness of the inferior quadrant of the RNFL. These fibers project to the temporal portion of the right occipital lobe, implying a potential center for contrast perception in this area. The longitudinal nature of the study suggests that CS may be a predictive tool for changes in RNFL in patients with glaucoma. Despite this finding, retinal damage and its relationship to CS was diffuse. In addition, SPARCS was shown to predict RNFLT. Further research is warranted to understand how CS can be used as a tool in the clinical setting.
Between grammar and style: Adam Smith and the moral geographies of civil society

Abstract The last three decades or so of scholarly debates over the concept of “civil society” have been preoccupied with taxonomical questions. What “counts” as “civil society,” and why? How do we identify, measure, and potentially foster the kinds of salutary associations that will help “make democracy work”? Do the market and for-profit organizations count? What about religious organizations or the family? Are quasi-political, state-sponsored institutions such as political parties, agencies, or trade's unions better understood as part of civil society or as appendages of the state? These debates hinge on a kind of geographical imaginary that often portrays civil society as a physical “space,” “place,” or “location,” located somewhere “between” family and state or “outside” of the market. I begin by considering how Adam Smith—one of the forerunners of contemporary discussions of civil society—conceived of the virtue of civility. As I demonstrate through a consideration of Smith's comments on civility, the virtue of civility both resembles and differs from the virtue of justice in terms of its susceptibility to being articulated in general rules. Unlike the abstract rules that characterize justice, the practice of civility hinges on matters of finesse, savoir-faire, discernment, or taste that can't be fully captured as formal rules. Civility is, in Smith's terms, more akin to informal matters of “style” than to the rule-bound quality of “justice.” This examination of Smith's account of civility has significance for broader conceptual debates about civility by interrogating structural or geographical conceptions of civil society and suggesting instead that civil society is best understood in terms of its essential informality. Civil society is composed of human relationships that are neither as close and intimate as those of the family, with its emphasis on charity and magnanimity, nor as formal as those governed by the distant, abstract rules of citizenship and market economy. Rather, civil society—as I argue here—is constituted by a qualitatively distinct mode of human relationship that partakes of the informal, necessarily tacit dimensions of the virtue of civility.
Structural Basis of a Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase in the Hedgehog-Forming Actinobacterium Corynebacterium matruchotii.

ABSTRACT The actinobacterium Corynebacterium matruchotii has been implicated in nucleation of oral microbial consortia leading to biofilm formation. Due to the lack of genetic tools, little is known about basic cellular processes, including protein secretion and folding, in this organism. We report here a survey of the C. matruchotii genome, which encodes a large number of exported proteins containing paired cysteine residues, and identified an oxidoreductase that is highly homologous to the Corynebacterium diphtheriae thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase MdbA (MdbACd). Crystallization studies uncovered that the 1.2-A resolution structure of C. matruchotii MdbA (MdbACm) possesses two conserved features found in actinobacterial MdbA enzymes, a thioredoxin-like fold and an extended α-helical domain. By reconstituting the disulfide bond-forming machine in vitro, we demonstrated that MdbACm catalyzes disulfide bond formation within the actinobacterial pilin FimA. A new gene deletion method supported that mdbA is essential in C. matruchotii. Remarkably, heterologous expression of MdbACm in the C. diphtheriae ΔmdbA mutant rescued its known defects in cell growth and morphology, toxin production, and pilus assembly, and this thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity required the catalytic motif CXXC. Altogether, the results suggest that MdbACm is a major thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, which likely mediates posttranslocational protein folding in C. matruchotii by a mechanism that is conserved in Actinobacteria. IMPORTANCE The actinobacterium Corynebacterium matruchotii has been implicated in the development of oral biofilms or dental plaque; however, little is known about the basic cellular processes in this organism. We report here a high-resolution structure of a C. matruchotii oxidoreductase that is highly homologous to the Corynebacterium diphtheriae thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase MdbA. By biochemical analysis, we demonstrated that C. matruchotii MdbA catalyzes disulfide bond formation in vitro. Furthermore, a new gene deletion method revealed that deletion of mdbA is lethal in C. matruchotii. Remarkably, C. matruchotii MdbA can replace C. diphtheriae MdbA to maintain normal cell growth and morphology, toxin production, and pilus assembly. Overall, our studies support the hypothesis that C. matruchotii utilizes MdbA as a major oxidoreductase to catalyze oxidative protein folding.
Accounting for no net loss: A critical assessment of biodiversity offsetting metrics and methods

Biodiversity offset strategies are based on the explicit calculation of both losses and gains necessary to establish ecological equivalence between impact and offset areas. Given the importance of quantifying biodiversity values, various accounting methods and metrics are continuously being developed and tested for this purpose. Considering the wide array of alternatives, selecting an appropriate one for a specific project can be not only challenging, but also crucial; accounting methods can strongly influence the biodiversity outcomes of an offsetting strategy, and if not well-suited to the context and values being offset, a no net loss outcome might not be delivered. To date there has been no systematic review or comparative classification of the available biodiversity accounting alternatives that aim at facilitating metric selection, and no tools that guide decision-makers throughout such a complex process. We fill this gap by developing a set of analyses to support (i) identifying the spectrum of available alternatives, (ii) understanding the characteristics of each and, ultimately (iii) making the most sensible and sound decision about which one to implement. The metric menu, scoring matrix, and decision tree developed can be used by biodiversity offsetting practitioners to help select an existing metric, and thus achieve successful outcomes that advance the goal of no net loss of biodiversity.
Lorentz and C P T tests with clock-comparison experiments

Clock-comparison experiments are among the sharpest existing tests of Lorentz symmetry in matter. We characterize signals in these experiments arising from modifications to electron or nucleon propagators and involving Lorentz- and $CPT$-violating operators of arbitrary mass dimension. The spectral frequencies of the atoms or ions used as clocks exhibit perturbative shifts that can depend on the constituent-particle properties and can display sidereal and annual variations in time. Adopting an independent-particle model for the electronic structure and the Schmidt model for the nucleus, we determine observables for a variety of clock-comparison experiments involving fountain clocks, comagnetometers, ion traps, lattice clocks, entangled states, and antimatter. The treatment demonstrates the complementarity of sensitivities to Lorentz and $CPT$ violation among these different experimental techniques. It also permits the interpretation of some prior results in terms of bounds on nonminimal coefficients for Lorentz violation, including first constraints on nonminimal coefficients in the neutron sector. Estimates of attainable sensitivities in future analyses are provided. Two technical appendices collect relationships between spherical and Cartesian coefficients for Lorentz violation and provide explicit transformations converting Cartesian coefficients in a laboratory frame to the canonical Sun-centered frame.
Asian Blepharoplasty: The Essential Steps

Asian blepharoplasty refers to a specialized form of upper blepharoplasty that is coupled with creation of an eyelid crease. This popular procedure is termed double eyelid surgery in Asia and has been performed for more than 120 years. The deceptively simple goal can be fraught with pitfalls, requiring a thorough understanding of anatomy and techniques, especially in regard to aesthetics and potential for functional impairment from complications. This chapter details the steps preferred by the author in handling the tissues such as to maximize the probability of achieving a dynamic, natural-appearing crease.
Gazing upon the kingdom. An Audience Reception Analysis of a Televised Travelogue

This inquiry examines the meanings audiences attribute to an episode of the televised travelogue, No Reservations, which features the Middle East, specifically Saudi Arabia. The episode in question engages post 9/11 discourses but it also actively constructs Saudi Arabia as a lucrative travel destination. Drawing on reception theory, this paper examines the ways in which two interpretive communities, Saudi Arabian and American participants, render the touristic narrative endorsed by No Reservations intelligible through their (dis)engagement of 9/11 news media discourses. Although the two groups drew on different modes of reception, both highlighted the influence of post 9/11 discourses on their meaning making process. This exploratory study contributes to the discussion of the role enacted by tourism in mediating intercultural relations.
Assessment of quantity and composition of illegal dumped municipal solid waste (MSW) in Delhi

Abstract Illegal dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a common practice in the cities of developing countries due to poor MSW collection efficiency. MSW collection efficiency in most Indian cities is 50%–90% of per day generated MSW. The remaining 10%–50% MSW left uncollected every day constantly responsible for the accumulation of a large quantity of illegal MSW at every nook and corner of the city. However, there is no data available for mass and composition of uncollected and illegally dumped MSW; no field method exists to estimate the mass of illegally dumped MSW at city and intra-city scale. Current study develops a consistent field method for tracking the spatial frequency, mass, and composition of illegally dumped MSW and presents results for four neighborhoods of varying socioeconomic status(SES) in Delhi. Per capita, illegally dumped MSW found to be highest in the low-SES neighborhood(61 kg) followed by mid-SES(4 kg), and high-SES(2.6–3.5 kg). The per km2 quantity of illegally dumped MSW in a low SES neighborhood (5336/km2) was about 100 times higher than high & high-mid SES neighborhoods(51 tons/km2). Comparison between neighborhood annual generated MSW, and illegally dumped MSW indicates, only 67% of generated MSW in poor neighborhoods and 97–99% in other neighborhoods is transported to the landfills. Per unit area, scale up estimation of total illegally dumped MSW for Delhi was 606/km2 and 83% of Delhi generated MSW is transported to landfills of Delhi every year. In total, about 557 thousands tons of MSW accumulated and illegally dumped in Delhi’ s streets, roads and open areas.
Stages of Behavioral Change and Their Effects

Chronic Pain leads to much personal, social and occupational impairment. Use of self management techniques can empower patients and lead to much improvement in quality of life. However, patients vary in their levels of motivation to adopt such strategies. The transtheoretical model (TTM) of stages of behavior change can be applied to assess patients’ level of motivation. Each patient can then be offered individualized, stage-specific behavioral and psychological interventions which are more likely to produce positive change.
Abstract 3603: Sphingomyelin synthase inhibition in sarcomas results in ceramide accumulation and apoptosis

Sphingolipid metabolism is critical to cellular homeostasis especially as cells undergo mitosis. It is, therefore, unsurprising that the sphingolipid pathway is upregulated in a number of a cancers. Sphingoid bases such as sphingosine and ceramide are rapidly synthesized to provide the building blocks of other sphingolipids. Inhibition of downstream enzymes that convert sphingosine and ceramide into sphingolipids can lead to an increase of ceramide, which results in cellular toxicity and initiation of apoptosis. Using the marine natural product Jaspine B and chemically synthesized analogues, we investigated the potency of inhibiting sphingomyelin synthase in sarcoma cell lines. Sphingomyelin synthase is a downstream enzyme that converts ceramide into sphingomyelin by adding the polar head group phosphorylcholine to ceramide. Jaspine B and its analogues exhibited submicromolar potency against several human sarcoma cell lines. It was determined that the inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase resulted in an increase in ceramide and sphingosine levels and that sphingomyelinase enzymatic activity increased. While the mitochondria mass remained the same, the membrane potential of the mitochondria was significantly affected by the presence of the inhibitors. In conclusion, inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism are viable therapeutic options with high untapped potential to treat cancer. Citation Format: Jared J. Barrott, Trevor Meldrum, Farjana Afrin, Srinath Pashikanti. Sphingomyelin synthase inhibition in sarcomas results in ceramide accumulation and apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3603.
Spinal muscular atrophy: Further expanding the clinician's armamentarium.

“Take her home, love her, and we will strive together to prioritize her quality of life as her symptoms progress”: this is what many parents recall hearing when receiving a diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in the past. The most common inherited basis of infant death, SMA is caused by recessive, loss-of-function mutations of SMN1 (survival motor neuron 1 gene), with retention but altered splicing of SMN2 , deficient expression of SMN protein, and degeneration of motor neurons causing profound muscle weakness. Two-thirds of patients with SMA develop symptoms before age 6 months, and without interventions of tube feeding and mechanical ventilation, had a nearly 100% mortality rate at age 2 years.1
Effects of sleep extension on sleep duration, sleepiness, and blood pressure in college students

Abstract Objectives Sleep is a major lifestyle factor that may change dramatically when students begin college. Sleep duration has been shown to influence cardiometabolic health. We investigated the feasibility of sleep extension in college students to increase actigraphically measured sleep duration and the association of sleep extension with daytime sleepiness and blood pressure. Design This was a within-participant experimental study. Setting The study setting was 14-day at-home study and 3 in-lab visits. Participants The participants included in this study were healthy undergraduate students (n=53; mean age 20.5 ± 1.1 years; 70% female). Intervention Participants maintained a habitual sleep schedule during week 1 and then were instructed to extend their sleep duration by at least 1 hour per night for week 2. Measurements Sleep measures included wrist actigraphy and daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and by daily diary. Cardiovascular measures included blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). ESS, BP and HR were measured during lab visits on days 7 and 14. Multilevel modeling was used to test the effects of extension on sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, BP and HR. Results Participants increased sleep duration during week 2 by 43.0 ± 6.2 standard error minutes per night, compared with week 1 (p 15 minutes per night (p Conclusion This study demonstrates that substantive sleep extension is feasible in college students and can positively impact their sleep and cardiovascular health.
Between archival absence and information abundance: Reconstructing Sallie Holley's abolitionist rhetoric through digital surrogates and metadata

ABSTRACTAbolitionist Sallie Holley (1818–1893) lectured widely as an agent of the American Anti-Slavery Society, but she is understudied in rhetoric because her speech transcripts are not extant in...
Evolution of Substrates and Components of the Pro/N-Degron Pathway.

The bovine retina rod cell protein with an apparent M(r) 26 kDa (p26 [1] or recoverin [2]) was suggested to be a calcium-sensitive regulator of photoreceptor guanylate cyclase. The data obtained show that highly purified p26 is not capable of restoring guanylate cyclase in washed ROS membranes up to the level of a ROS suspension. At the same time we found that a Ca(2+)-sensitive complex of p26 and a protein with apparent M(r) 67 kDa, presumably rhodopsin kinase, is present in the ROS extract. We suggest that rhodopsin kinase can be a functional target for p26 in retina rod cells.
Data Telling Stories and Stories Telling Data: The Role of Fiction in Shaping Ethnographic Truth

The following essay explores the use of fiction in ethnographic research. While the concept of fiction as a research methodology is not a new one, most proponents claim that fiction is most useful in the writing of ethnographic data. Despite the gradual acceptance of arts-based methods in ethnography, there still remains a false dichotomy of art and scientific research. This essay contributes to the discussion by arguing that fiction also plays an active role in producing knowledge and truth. To make this argument, the author brings together in conversation scholars of art and literature with social researchers. While multiple examples are illustrated to show how fiction creates knowledge in ethnography, the primary focus will be Clifford Geertz’s (2005) “Notes on a Balinese Cockfight.” The purpose is to demonstrate how fiction can be a means of knowledge production, so long as it is situated in sound research methods.
Exploiting Affordances in Monitoring a Smart Home

The Internet of Things (IoT), where internet connections are extended to every-day objects, enables collaboration, monitoring, and remote control. An IoT can make a home smart at least in the sense that those in it can be monitored. The question arises of how much and what kind of data are needed to monitor a person as they move about a smart home. This paper focuses on affordances, manifest possibilities for action provided by the environment (e.g., the appearance of a doorknob). Our thesis is that, since the same things are affordances for the monitored and monitoring persons, a little data goes a long way in monitoring a subject’s interaction with affordances. This paper describes a scaled-down model of a floor in a smart home equipped with only passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors where nevertheless the data allows high-level interpretation of the subject’s activities on that floor.
Cerebral Vascular Malformations

Vascular malformation is a frequent cause of intracranial hemorrhage. High-flow vascular malformation includes arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF), while low-flow malformation includes cavernous malformation (CM), developmental venous anomaly (DVA), and capillary telangiectasia. AVM consists of a nidus connecting the feeding artery and draining vein and can be classified based on its size, venous drainage, and involvement of eloquent brain. In comparison, AVF is a direct high-flow shunt between the artery and vein without a nidus. Dural AVFs with retrograde cortical venous drainage have more aggressive clinical course and can lead to a spectrum of hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic complications. Cavernous malformation is an angiographically occult lesion that occasionally causes hemorrhage and seizure, while developmental venous anomaly is usually an incidental finding on imaging but can occasionally thrombose and cause venous infarction.
First-Principles Calculations 1

In this chapter, we show how hybrid density functional theory can be used to elucidate the basic properties of Ga\(_2\)O\(_3\), such as crystal structure, Brillouin zone, and band structure. We also demonstrate how it can predict the properties of Ga\(_2\)O\(_3\) alloys and heterojunctions with In\(_2\)O\(_3\) or Al\(_2\)O\(_3\) . The results can guide experimental exploration of materials and design of devices.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy for Combined Hepatocellular and Cholangiocarcinoma.

Purpose To report outcomes of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres for the treatment of mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) in a propensity-matched study. Material and methods Between 2013 and 2019, 10 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed HCC-CC received TARE of a targeted territory using glass microspheres as a primary initial treatment. Baseline demographics in addition to tumor distribution, Child Pugh score, and BCLC were recorded. Tumor response was assessed according to modified RECIST criteria. The HCC-CC cohort was matched to the HCC cohort, and objective response and survival analysis was performed. Results In the HCC-CC cohort, patients had a 70% objective response rate (ORR), and in the HCC cohort, patients had a 90% ORR after matching (p = 0.54). The median overall survival (OS) for HCC patients was 12.3 months (95% CI: 6.0-17.4 months) in the matched population, and for HCC-CC patients, the median OS was 15.2 months (95% CI: 2.7-20.2 months) (p = 0.98). The median progression-free survival (PFS) for HCC patients was 11.6 months (95% CI: 2.53-19.3 months) in the matched population, and for HCC-CC patients, the median PFS was 15.2 months (95% CI: 2.7-20.2 months) (p = 0.94). The median transplant-free survival (TFS) for HCC patients was 12.3 months (95% CI: 6.0-17.4 months) in the matched population, and for HCC-CC patients, the median TFS was 15.2 months (95% CI: 2.7-20.2 months) (p = 0.98). Conclusions While outcomes of combined HCC-CC are poor and optimal treatment remains undefined, TARE appears to represent an effective locoregional treatment with survival outcomes similar to that of HCC treated by TARE.
The danger of flavor: E-cigarettes, social media, and the interplay of generations

Abstract This study evaluates the effects of social media advertisements of e-cigarettes on consumer perceptions. We first use netnographic data to explore e-cigarette comments (n = 1900) and next conduct an experimental study on a randomized sample of cigarette consumers (n = 525) to assess the effects of e-cigarette features (i.e., flavor) and social influence (i.e., social tie and popularity of the advertisement) on consumer beliefs. Our findings show that the influence of e-cigarette flavor on perceived relative risk and negative beliefs has an opposite pattern for generation X consumers versus millennials. Millennials perceive cherry-flavored e-cigarettes as less risky, and perceive tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes as less risky when they are associated with close social ties. Our mixed methods study contributes to the marketing and public health disciplines by uncovering health-related perceptions and beliefs as outcomes of e-cigarette flavor and social influence. It also contributes empirically by showing the differential influences of close and far social ties.
Save Our Senior Noncitizens: Extending Old Age Assistance to Immigrants in the United States, 1935–71

When do states grant social rights to noncitizens? I explore this question by examining the extension of Old Age Assistance (OAA) to noncitizens after the passage of the 1935 Social Security Act. While the act contained no alienage-based restrictions, states were permitted to bar noncitizens from means-tested programs. In 1939, 31 states had alienage restrictions for OAA. By 1971, when the Supreme Court declared state-level alienage restrictions unconstitutional, only eight states still did. States with more Mexicans and Asians were slower to repeal restriction, however. Using in-depth case studies of New York, California, and Texas, I demonstrate the importance of federal and state institutional arrangements and immigrant political power for the extension of social rights to noncitizens. I also show that to secure access to OAA, immigrant advocates adapted their strategies to match the institutional and political context.
Preliminary Investigations on Subcutaneous Implantable Microchip Health and Security Risks

The main objective of this research project is to explore the behavioral aspects of the potential users of RSIM use with regard to health and security risks. It has been found that the importance of ethical reasons for implementing RSIM pattern increased by age. On the other hand, the social acceptance and the government requirements have no effects on the choice of the microchip implant. The study found that there is high likelihood of the subject accepting the microchip implant if it’s useful and the subject of older age. Subjects believed that the implantable microchip will never be secure for the identity protection. Furthermore, the older subjects the more probability that the subject will use the implantable microchips, if they had ownership of their own data. In fact, it was found that usefulness of RIMS is correlated with ownership of the data.
Abstract P060: Plasma Osteocalcin And Incident Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent, bone-derived hormone that functions as an endocrine regulator of energy metabolism, m...
Short review: The impact of sex on neuroimmune and cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an ever growing health concern, with cases increasing in both the US and the world at large. With the improvement of emergency medicine in recent decades, survival from TBI has become more common place, and thus individuals are coping with long-term deleterious outcomes from trauma as a result. Such outcomes include altered cognitive (memory loss/executive function), social (isolation tendencies), and behavioral (risk-taking behavior/anxiety) function. Researchers use preclinical rodent models to investigate cellular and molecular underpinnings of adverse TBI outcomes. One leading mechanism of long-term cognitive changes include alterations of immune function in the brain (termed ‘neuroimmune’). Studies have found that TBI can induce chronic maladaptive neuroimmune responses, which can in turn propagate long-term neurological deficits. Unfortunately, most of the molecular understanding of TBI-induced neuroimmune outcomes is derived from studies performed solely in males. This is especially problematic as sex-dimorphic neuroimmune changes have been identified in healthy individuals. If and how these basal neuroimmune differences influence TBI related outcomes is the focus of this short review. Importantly, understanding these differences could allow for improved therapeutic development for treating the long-term effects of TBI.
Organisatorische Maßnahmen bei der Positionsübernahme

In den letzten beiden Kapiteln wurden die von neuen Managern bei der Positionsubernahme durchlaufenen Phasen und die verschiedenen Faktoren beschrieben, die sich darauf auswirken. In diesem Kapitel werde ich die organisatorischen Leistungen bei der Positionsubernahme naher untersuchen, insbesondere wie sie sich darauf auswirken, ob der neue Manager Erfolg bei der Bewaltigung seines neuen Aufgabenbereiches hat oder nicht.
Central and Eastern Europe, 1944-1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery

Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Out from Europe: The Introduction of State Socialism, its Stalinist Decade and Revolts Against them: 1. Communist seizure of power, 1944-8 2. The closed society in Stalinist state socialism after 1948 3. Reforms, revolutions and the loosening bloc, the 1950s and 1960s Part II. Temporary Success and Terminal Failure: The Post-Stalinist Decades - Modernization, Erosion and Collapse: 4. Post-Stalinist state socialism and its legitimization 5. Economic and social performance of state socialism, 1950-89 6. Crisis and erosion of state socialism, 1973-88 7. The collapse: a revolutionary symphony in four movements, 1989 Part III. Back to Europe? Post-1989 Transformation and Pathways to the Future: 8. Building a parliamentary market system 9. Economic decline - political change - rising nationalism References Names index Subject index.