cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repair of a Giant Inguinal Hernia.

We report a case of a giant inguinal hernia (GIH) that underwent open surgical repair with mesh. The patient had a massive transcompartmental redistribution of abdominal contents from the abdominopelvic cavity to the hernia sac in the scrotum, with subsequent effects on the mechanical nature of the abdominal wall muscles. Repair of this type of giant hernia is challenging as it can raise the intra-abdominal pressure, therefore increasing the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The large size and chronicity of the hernia, associated with deranged mechanical forces/properties of the abdominal wall, made the management of this complex case unique and interesting. In similar cases of massive incisional or ventral hernias, the term "loss of domain" (LOD) is used. In such types of massive hernias, it is important to carefully plan and monitor for adverse physiological effects associated with increased abdominal pressure.
191 WALKING AND USING PEDOMETERS FOR INCREASED HEALTH.

Purpose of Study Harborview Family Medicine Clinic has an extremely high rate of patients with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and chronic pain. A community project was formed to try to promote low-impact exercise. The goal was to form a project that would be welcoming to all but would specifically address the needs of the previously mentioned groups. Methods We initiated a weekly walking group in the local Harborview neighborhood. These groups were to be led by providers and myself and would occur on Friday mornings before the start of clinic. Flyers were posted in the Family Health Clinic, Puget Sound Neighborhood Health offices, Seattle Housing Authority, and Yesler Community Center. One-to-one time was spent with patients who expressed interest in exercise. All Friday morning patients were called earlier in the week and encouraged to show up early and participate in our walking group. A literature review was also performed on PubMed/MEDLINE to investigate growing trends in obesity/chronic issues and the effect that walking and pedometers can have on general health. Results Initial participation in the group was limited. However, the group is continuing on a weekly basis, and we hope to build increased momentum. An informational sheet on walking/pedometer use was also produced and incorporated into the clinic patient health information handouts. Conclusions Although literature review and involvement with the community can result in health promotion, many barriers exist to behavior change. Behavior change takes time; persistence and genuine cooperation are necessary if an impact is to be made.
Evaluation of a modified vancomycin nomogram for obese adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare therapeutic vancomycin trough levels in obese adults when using an original nomogram (phase I) versus a modified nomogram (phase II). This study compared a vancomycin nomogram with a modified vancomycin nomogram for obese adults over 100 kg. The primary endpoint compared the percentage of sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations between the nomograms. Patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age, had a total body weight of 100–299 kg, and had an initial vancomycin trough level collected. Patients were excluded if they had end-stage renal disease or were on continuous renal replacement therapy. Therapeutic trough levels occurred in 85 out of 171 patients (50%) in phase I and 98 out of 149 patients (66%) in phase II. The incidence of both sub-therapeutic and supra-therapeutic troughs was less in phase II (p = 0.013). In the subgroup of adults aged 18 to 49 with a normalized creatinine clearance of greater than 90 mL/min, there was a trend in more therapeutic levels with the modified nomogram and less chance of sub-therapeutic levels (p = 0.088). In the subgroup of adults with a normalized creatinine clearance of 60–90 mL/min, there was significant improvement in therapeutic levels and a decrease in supra-therapeutic levels without increasing the percent of sub-therapeutic levels (p = 0.001). The modified vancomycin nomogram at Cone Health showed significant improvement in therapeutic trough concentrations while reducing the rates of under and over dosing obese adults. The Cone Health–modified vancomycin nomogram could be a useful tool for initial dosing of vancomycin in the obese population.
Critical Cardiopulmonary Event Series: Four Simulations for Pediatric ICU Fellows, Critical Care Nurses, and Pediatric Residents.

Introduction Critical cardiopulmonary events arising from congenital or acquired heart diseases are infrequent in some pediatric critical care units but can be associated with significant morbidity...
High-Resolution Ion Mobility Separations of Isomeric Glycoforms with Variations on the Peptide and Glycan Levels

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) that strongly affects the protein folding and function. Glycosylation patterns are impacted by many diseases, making promising biomarkers. Glycans are also the most complex PTMs, exhibiting isomers (linkage, anomers, and those with isomeric moieties). Permuted with localization variants that occur for all PTMs, these produce numerous isomeric glycoforms. Characterizing them by mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been a challenge. High-definition differential IMS (FAIMS) had robustly disentangled isomeric peptides involving other PTMs but was not evaluated for glycopeptides that featured multilevel isomerism. Here, we apply it to representative mucin glycopeptides with O-linked glycans: three GalNAc localization variants, a pair with α/β GalNAc anomers, and another with GalNAc/GlcNAc isomers. The first two classes were separated baseline with the resolution exceeding previous benchmarks by 10-fold, and the last pair was partly resolved. The recently demonstrated straightforward coupling to ultrahigh-resolution MS and electron-transfer dissociation makes high-definition FAIMS an attractive tool for glycoproteomics.
Neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes in adult congenital heart disease: A lifespan approach

### Learning objectives In 1964, Glaser recognised that, ‘Despite benefits derived from these remarkable therapeutic gains, children with congenital heart disease face many difficulties in their efforts toward social and emotional adjustment.’1 In 1981, Doucet wrote, ‘The impact of congenital heart disease on the individual would not be limited to the physiological alteration in the heart’s functioning but would affect the whole individual.’2 Recognition of the broader lifestyle implications of congenital heart disease (CHD) for both children and adults is thus not a modern concept. However, what is unique to the current era of CHD care in developed countries is that over 90% of infants born with CHD survive to adulthood, with the number of adults living with CHD now far surpassing the number of children.3 This demands that we expand our definition of successful adult CHD (ACHD) outcomes to include good quality of life, including the best possible neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning, and target our clinical efforts accordingly. Although neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes among adults with CHD are often considered independently, this silo-oriented approach ignores their reciprocal interplay. For example, neurocognitive, academic and occupational functioning can be adversely affected if a person is struggling with anxiety or depression. Similarly, neuropsychological deficits can adversely affect social development, impairing one’s ability to establish and sustain satisfying relationships in adulthood. In addition, one cannot fully appreciate adult outcomes without considering their origins in childhood and adolescence. In this review, we thus apply a developmental lifespan perspective to better understand neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes of …
Interferometric Control of Photo-Chemical Reactions in 87 Rb Bose-Einstein Condensates

We report on an interferometric control of photo-chemical reactions in 87Rb condensates, where the scattering channels behaves as if the arms of an interferometer. We control the relative phase between the scattering channels by exploiting the quadratic Zeeman shift at low magnetic field strengths.
An Diode Clamped Multi-port HVDC Circuit Breaker for HVDC Grids

In the process of fault isolation, many ultra-fast disconnectors of current-transferring HVDC circuit breaker (CT-DCB) need to be opened at the same time, which obviously reduces the operation reliability of CT-DCB and affects the fast recovery of the HVDC system. In this paper, a diode clamped multi-port HVDC circuit breaker (DM-DCB) is proposed to solve this risk. In the DM-DCB, half of conducting branches of CT-DCB is changed by diode branches and an bypass switch is added in parallel with the load commutation switch to protect the load commutation switch. Under the same dc fault clearance capacity, the investment cost of DM-DCB is comparable to the CT-DCB, and the probable investment cost increment is also few. A simulation model of a three-terminal HVDC system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC software to verify the validity of DM-DCB. Simulation results prove the feasibility and validity and of the proposed scheme.
Waldo, blind inquirers, and an elephant: Locating learning in social movements

This special issue introduces a new focus for inquiry in the learning sciences. When research attention turns to learning that takes place within social movements, the scope and scale of inquiry ex...
Co-occurring Environmental Stressors have Emerging Impacts on Sensory-Motor Behavior.

Anthropogenic activities often lead to alterations in the natural environment via multiple routes. Simultaneous occurrence of interacting environmental perturbations may influence animals via more complex pathways than when being exposed to environmental stressors discretely. In our study, we investigated the interactive effects of poor visual environment and exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration of a common contaminant on the behavior of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Specifically, we tested the sensory-motor behavior of zebrafish larvae by exposing them to low-light conditions and a low concentration of Bisphenol-A (BPA) for 7 days post-fertilization. We found that zebrafish exposed to both BPA and low-light conditions had significantly weaker response to a moving-visual cue. However, those exposed to only one of these treatments did not have altered response to visual cues. Since the response to a moving, visual cue involves locomotion, we also examined the distance they traveled as a proxy for activity level of individuals across treatments. However, the distance traveled by individuals did not significantly differ across treatments, suggesting that the differences in response are linked to visual sensory pathways. Here, we emphasize that the adverse effects of environmental stressors, particularly of those that occur at environmentally relevant concentrations, may emerge only when they co-occur with another environmental stressor. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple environmental stressors to comprehensively assess impacts that human activities have on behavioral strategies of animals.
555-P: Leveling the Playing Field of Technology Access for Youth with T1D: NICH Helps, but Challenges Persist

Objective: Advancements in technology (insulin pumps, CGMs) for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) hold promise for better outcomes, but multiple barriers to access exist, especially for underserved and underrepresented populations. Novel Interventions in Children’s Healthcare (NICH), was designed to improve health for youth with T1D and social vulnerabilities. NICH is associated with improvements in glycemic control and reductions in complications (DKA), but less is known regarding technology access for participating youth. This study aims to 1) identify prevalence of technology use prior to and after NICH initiation and 2) examine the relationship between technology access and NICH outcomes. Methods: Youth with T1D served by NICH (n=65) across three distinct geographical sites were included. EHR review included T1D complications (DKA), HbA1c values, and presence of T1D technology one year prior and two years following initiation of NICH services. Mean age was 15.0 years (SD=3.5); 52% female; 73% non-Hispanic White. Results: Ten percent of youth had access to technology prior to NICH (pump=8%; CGM=2%), and 22% had access to technology 2 years post NICH initiation (pump=17%; CGM=14%). Youth were significantly more likely to gain access to CGMs (p Conclusion: With rates of access hovering around 40% for CGMs and 50% for pumps, this study demonstrates that 1) youth referred to NICH experience substantial barriers to accessing T1D technology, 2) NICH participation is associated with increased access to T1D technology for socially vulnerable youth, and 3) despite program involvement, technology access inequities persist. Disclosure J. Lely: None. M. A. Harris: None. D. Naranjo: None. C. Jenisch: None. W. C. Cadiz: None. R. Bensen: None. J. Viana: None. D. V. Wagner: None. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust; BUILD EXITO Foundation; Central Oregon Health Council
Using Parent Target Problem Narratives to Evaluate Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This paper examines the reliability and validity of parent target problems (PTPs) in a multi-site randomized controlled trial of parent training (PT) versus psychoeducation (PEP) in children (150 boys, 19 girls; mean age 4.7 ± 1.2 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behavior. At baseline, treatment blind, independent evaluators asked parents to nominate the child’s top two problems. Each problem was documented in a brief narrative. Narratives were reviewed and revised at follow-up visits during the six-month trial. When the trial was completed, five judges, blind to treatment condition, independently rated change from baseline on a 9-point scale (1 = normal; 2 = markedly improved; 3 = definitely improved; 4 = equivocally improved; 5 = no change; 6 = possibly worse; 7 = definitely worse; 8 = markedly worse; 9 = disastrously worse) at Weeks 8, 12, 16, and 24 (inter-rater intraclass correlation = 0.78). PTP scores for the two target problems were averaged across the five raters, yielding a mean score for each child at each time point. Mean PTP scores showed improvement in both treatment groups over the 24-week study. Compared to PEP, PTP ratings showed a steeper decline in PT based on significant interaction of group and time (t(df) = 2.14(155.9), p = 0.034; Week 24 effect size = 0.75). In categorical analysis, we compared cutoffs mean PTP scores of 3.0 (definitely improved), 3.25, and 3.5 with the positive response rate on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale from the original study. Sensitivities ranged from 52–78%. PTP narratives offer a systematic, reliable, and valid way to track child-specific outcomes in clinical trials and clinical practice.
The Effects of Antenatal Depression and Women's Perception of Having Poor Health on Maternal Health Service Utilization in Northern Ghana.

To examine the effects of antenatal depression and women’s perceived health during the antenatal period on maternal health service utilization in rural northern Ghana; including how the effect of antenatal depression on service use might be modified by women’s perceived health. Probable antenatal depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Linear regression was used for the outcome of number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, and logistic regression was used for the outcomes of facility delivery, postnatal care (PNC) within 7 days and completion of continuum of care. Continuum of care was defined as having had four or more ANC visits, delivered at a health facility and had PNC visit within 7 days. Antenatal depression had very small or no association with maternal health service utilization. Women with self-perceived fair or poor health were significantly less likely to use PNC within 7 days and less likely to complete the continuum of care. As for effect modification, we found that for women with probable moderate or severe antenatal depression (a score of 10 or greater), those with perceived fair or poor health used fewer ANC visits and were less likely to use PNC within 7 days than those with perceived excellent, very good or good health. Women experiencing moderate or severe antenatal depression and/or who self-perceive as having poor health should be identified and targeted for additional support to access and utilize maternal health services.
Clathrin adaptors mediate two sequential pathways of intra-Golgi recycling

The pathways of membrane traffic within the Golgi apparatus are not fully known. This question was addressed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the maturation of individual Golgi cisternae can be visualized. We recently proposed that the AP-1 clathrin adaptor mediates intra-Golgi recycling late in the process of cisternal maturation. Here, we demonstrate that AP-1 cooperates with the Ent5 clathrin adaptor to recycle a set of Golgi transmembrane proteins, including some that were previously thought to pass through endosomes. This recycling can be detected by removing AP-1 and Ent5, thereby diverting the AP-1/Ent5-dependent Golgi proteins into an alternative recycling loop that involves traffic to the plasma membrane followed by endocytosis. Unexpectedly, various AP-1/Ent5-dependent Golgi proteins show either intermediate or late kinetics of residence in maturing cisternae. We infer that the AP-1/Ent5 pair mediates two sequential intra-Golgi recycling pathways that define two classes of Golgi proteins. This insight can explain the polarized distribution of transmembrane proteins in the Golgi.
“GRIMMATIK:” German Grammar through the Magic of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales and the Online Grimm Corpus

The rationale for GRIMMATIK (coined from the brothers Grimm name and the German word for grammar 'Grammatik;' textbook forthcoming) is to offer a learner-oriented, research-based German grammar to intermediate and advanced students of German. Bringing together German grammar and the brothers Grimm fairy tales offers a different approach to learning and reviewing German grammar and it introduces students to the original German texts of the world-known and beloved fairy tales which were first published in 1812 as Kinder- und Hausmarchen (KHM). The GRIMMATIK method addresses a variety of grammatical elements in the analysis of selected brothers Grimm fairy tales. It is the student who finally constructs a reasonably simple form of German grammar, consecutively isolating the parts of speech, phrases, and sentence structure. Recognition of language patterns leads to paradigm segmentation and classification and eventually to internalisations of language rules and the acquisition of grammatical competence. This paper presents methods for using the Online Grimm corpus for German grammar learning.
On the Practical Exploitation of Scarsity

Scarsity is the notion that the Jacobian J for a given function f: ℝ n ↦ ℝ m may have fewer than n * m degrees of freedom. A scarse J may be represented by a graph with a minimal edge count. So far, scarsity has been recognized only from a high-level application point of view, and no automatic exploitation has been attempted. We introduce an approach to recognize and use scarsity in computational graphs in a source transformation context. The goal is to approximate the minimal graph representation through a sequence of transformations including eliminations, reroutings, and normalizations, with a secondary goal of minimizing the transformation cost. The method requires no application-level insight and is implemented as a fully automatic transformation in OpenAD. This paper introduces the problem and a set of heuristics to approximate the minimal graph representation. We also present results on a set of test problems.
Supersymmetric particle spectrum

We examine the spectrum of supersymmetric particles predicted by grand unified theoretical (GUT) models where the electroweak symmetry breaking is accomplished radiatively. We evolve the soft-supersymmetry-breaking parameters according to the renormalization group equations (RGE). The minimization of the Higgs potential is conveniently described by means of tadpole diagrams. We present complete one-loop expressions for these minimization conditions, including contributions from the matter and the gauge sectors. We concentrate on the low tan $\ensuremath{\beta}$ fixed point region (that provides a natural explanation of a large top quark mass) for which we find solutions to the RGE satisfying both experimental bounds and fine-tuning criteria. We also find that the constraint from the consideration of the lightest supersymmetric particle as the dark matter of the Universe is accommodated in much of parameter space where the lightest neutralino is predominantly gaugino. The supersymmetric mass spectrum displays correlations that are model independent over much of the GUT parameter space.
For the Love of Our Children: Hannah Arendt, the Limits of Freedom and the Role of Education in a Culture of Violence

This essay critically examines the underlying assumptions about freedom and democracy at the basis of those like the NRA who argue that the United States does not have a gun problem and that the second amendment protects citizens' rights to own any gun they wish. Inspired by Hannah Arendt's political philosophy, the author first discuss three problematic notions of freedom—free will, sovereignty and liberation—and show how they have been appropriated by the NRA and other pro-gun organizations to justify their agendas. Adopting Arendt's conception of political freedom, he then demonstrates how it is integrally related to the notions of civic responsibility and plurality. In the last part of this essay, the author introduces Arendt's understanding of educational authority, which she defined as assuming responsibility for our common world. He argues that this notion of educational authority can help us address the issue of the role that education ought to play in a culture that glorifies violence.
Spinal δ2 but not δ1 opioid receptors are involved in intracereboventricular β-endorphin-induced antinociception in the mouse

Abstract The antinociception induced by β-endorphin given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) has been previously demonstrated to be mediated by the release of Met-enkephalin and subsequent stimulation of δ receptors in the spinal cord for antinociception. The present study was designed to determine what type of opioid receptor, δ1 or δ2, in the spinal cord is involved in i.c.v. β-endorphin-induced antinociception. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test in male ICR mice. NTB (0.2–20 nmol) and NTI0 (0.22–2.2 nmol),selective δ2 receptor antagonists, given intrathecally (i.t.) dose-dependently attenuated i.c.v. β-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response. On the other hand, BNTX (0.02–2.2 nmol), a selective δ1 receptor antagonist, given i.t., did not block i.c.v. β-endorphin-induced antinociception. The tail-flick inhibition induced by DAMGO, a μ receptor agonist, or U50,488H, a к receptor agonist, was not blocked by i.t. BNTX, NTB or NTI. It is concluded that δ2 but not δ1 receptors in the spinal cord are involved in i.c.v. β-endorphin-induced antinociception.
Making the Case for Caregiver Research in Geriatric Psychiatry

Research on caregiver health has seen a groundswell of interest in the last few years. Unfortunately, most of this literature has appeared in venues not usually seen by psychiatrist-geriatricians. In this article, the authors argue that caregiver research is not only relevant to the geriatric mental health community, but it is especially important to geriatric psychiatry. To do this, they focus on five areas: 1) an overview of caregiver outcomes and metaanalysis of relationships of caregiver distress/psychiatric morbidity with physiological/physical indices; 2) definitions and examples of moderators and mediators of relationships of caregiver status with health indices, including comorbidity of caregiving with psychiatric/medical illnesses; 3) caregiver/care-recipient trajectories and reciprocal relationships among dyads; 4) prospective studies; and, 5) areas to consider in caregiver interventions. Great strides have been made in caregiver research, but much more needs to be done. Psychiatric geriatricians are well placed to advance caregiver research because of their unique training in medicine, psychotherapy, pharmacology, and aging. They hope the discussion of this research will encourage work in this important area.
Response—Environmental Markets

We agree with Wu and Kim that well-defined markets can delineate relevant ecosystem services. However, contrary to Wu and Kim's assertion, the science underpinning aquatic ecosystem restoration is far too under-developed for a mere delineation of ecosystem service in a market context to serve as an
Transversality, criminality, and the gypsy in Spanish baroque teatro breve

This study uses Bryan Reynolds's interpretation of Felix Guattari's article “Transversality” to establish an alternative method of studying teatro breve in which the gypsy character type is constantly represented as an entertaining criminal who eschews hierarchical structures without necessarily subverting them. The figure is also tightly interwoven with a real-world tradition of contracting this supposedly dangerous figure for popular entertainment (as in danzas de gitanos) and thus criminal actions on stage cannot simply be interpreted as momentary comic relief or temporary carnivalesque permissiveness that are closed off by a surrounding comedia or the presence of authority figures in the audience. To rephrase Guattari's original claim for transversality, we may say that gypsies inhabit a dimension that tries to overcome both the impasse of pure verticality and pure horizontality. The first would be a “top-down” propagandistic model that marginalizes and suppresses outlaws, and the second is the equall...
Solid state polymer dye Q-switch for Cr:LiCAF, alexandrite, and ruby lasers

HITCI doped organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) is demonstrated to be an effective dye Q-switch for the Cr:LiCAF, alexandrite, and ruby lasers.
Comparison of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization and Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose To compare the effectiveness and toxicity of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (chemoembolization) and yttrium-90–labeled microspheres (radioembolization) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods Outcomes from patients who underwent radioembolization or chemoembolization as the only treatment for unresectable HCC from 1996 to 2006 were compared. Response was assessed with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method, and toxicity was graded with National Cancer Institute criteria. Multivariate analysis for factors affecting survival was performed. Results Seventy-one patients were treated with either chemoembolization ( n = 44, 62%) or radioembolization ( n = 27, 38%). Treatment groups were similar in age, sex, Child class, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, tumor size, and vascular invasion. Progressive disease at 3 months was observed in 16 (36%) of the 44 patients treated with chemoembolization and nine (33%) of the 27 patients treated with radioembolization ( P = not statistically significant). The median overall survival was similar for both groups (6 months with chemoembolization vs 6 months with radioembolization, P = .7). Grade 3 or higher toxicity was observed in 24 of the 71 patients (34%). Tumor multifocality, vascular invasion, and hepatitis C seropositivity were independently associated with worse survival, whereas method of treatment was not. Conclusions In this single-center study, preliminary evidence suggests that chemoembolization and radioembolization provided similar effectiveness and toxicity in patients with unresectable HCC.
Extractive phase vanishing reactions with dichloromethane, perfluorohexanes, and dibromoethane: slow addition in a test tube.

Partition coefficient measurements and experiments with a dye show that a new fluorous “phase vanishing reaction” described by Jana and Verkade occurs by an extractive mechanism. This mechanism is contrasted with the original diffusive phase-vanishing reactions introduced by Ryu and co-workers.
Aqueous Extended-Surfactant Based Method for Vegetable Oil Extraction: Proof of Concept

The use of hexane to extract vegetable oil from oilseeds is of growing concern due to hexane’s environmental impact and because of worker exposure concerns. The goal of our work is to demonstrate that the aqueous extended-surfactant-based method is a viable alternative for vegetable oil extraction. In our method, ground oilseeds were dispersed in the aqueous surfactant solution, allowing the oil to be liberated from the seeds as a separate phase from the aqueous phase. The impact of pH, shaking intensity, shaking time and seed to liquid ratio on oil yield are presented. Extended-surfactants are a new type of surfactant with propoxylate (PO) and/or ethoxylate (EO) groups inserted between the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the surfactant molecule. This unique structure of extended-surfactants enables them to produce ultralow interfacial tension with vegetable oils. We have found that at low aqueous concentrations (less than 0.3 wt%), extended-surfactant solutions are able to produce ultralow interfacial tension between aqueous extraction and vegetable oil phases. At optimum condition (seed to liquid ratio of 1–5, 30 min extraction at 150 shakes/min and 30 min centrifugation at 2,170×g) we achieved 93–95% extraction efficiency for peanut and canola oils at 25 °C. The oil quality produced from the aqueous extended-surfactant-based method was found to be comparable or even superior to that obtained from hexane-based extraction, further demonstrating the viability of aqueous extended-surfactant based extraction.
Food prices and food shopping decisions of black women.

Abstract Identifying food pricing strategies to encourage purchases of lower-calorie food products may be particularly important for black Americans. Black children and adults have higher than average obesity prevalence and disproportionate exposure to food marketing environments in which high calorie foods are readily available and heavily promoted. The main objective of this study was to characterize effects of price on food purchases of black female household shoppers in conjunction with other key decision attributes (calorie content/healthfulness, package size, and convenience). Factorial discrete choice experiments were conducted with 65 low- and middle-/higher-income black women. The within-subject study design assessed responses to hypothetical scenarios for purchasing frozen vegetables, bread, chips, soda, fruit drinks, chicken, and cheese. Linear models were used to estimate the effects of price, calorie level (or healthfulness for bread), package size, and convenience on the propensity to purchase items. Moderating effects of demographic and personal characteristics were assessed. Compared with a price that was 35% lower, the regular price was associated with a lesser propensity to purchase foods in all categories (β = −0.33 to −0.82 points on a 1 to 5 scale). Other attributes, primarily calorie content/healthfulness, were more influential than price for four of seven foods. The moderating variable most often associated with propensity to pay the regular versus lower price was the reported use of nutrition labels. Price reductions alone may increase purchases of certain lower-calorie or more healthful foods by black female shoppers. In other cases, effects may depend on combining price changes with nutrition education or improvements in other valued attributes.
A new derivation of the relativistic equations of fluid flow

Relativistic flows both in stellar interior and stellar atmospheres are obviously in action, hence, their treatment is of interest. The present communication aims at deriving by a different method the general equations that govern such flows. The derivation is based merely on the first two principles of thermodynamics and the inertia-energy equivalence principles; while the end results are the formulation of the energy tensor and the energy-flux and momentum equations. The assumptions of ideal flow and adiabatic behaviour of the medium adopted here are restrictive.
Rhodopsin cycle in the living eye of the rat.

The rhodospin cycle can now be observed in the living eye by means of the early receptor potential. The entire bleaching process in the eye seems to be the same as the bleaching process extensively studied in solutions of rhodopsin.
Organization and expression of agonistic and socio-sexual behavior in golden hamsters over the estrous cycle and after ovariectomy.

Abstract Paris of hamsters were housed in large enclosures that contained separate male and female living areas and observed over the 4-day estrous cycle and after ovariectomy. Agonistic elements exhibited frequently by females included on-back, boxing, lateral posturing, and biting, whereas males engaged frequently in boxing and on-back patterns of behavior. Furthermore, on-back and boxing by females were significantly higher on estrus than on any other day of the estrous cycle. Agonistic acts performed after ovariectomy did not differ in occurrence from those shown by animals on diestrus and proestrus. Vaginal marking increased during diestrus and attained a peak 24 hr prior to sexual receptivity. Both vaginal marking and mating occurred more frequently in the female's than male's home area suggesting that vaginal marks on days preceding behavioral estrus serve to attract males to the nest of females. Males also organized their marking patterns by location as shown by more flank marking in their own than their partner's area, albeit the significance for this difference in location is not known. The results demonstrate that when heterosexual paris of hamsters are tested in large and partially familiar habitats, a wide range of behavior is exhibited and organized in a manner that is not observed in small and unfamiliar cages.
Spectral study of wintertime kinetic energy of the northern hemisphere in the troposphere

The regional distribution of kinetic energy has been computed and analyzed in a wave number-frequency domain at 850 mb, 500 mb and 200 mb. The distribution of kinetic energy shows a strong geographic dependence. It is found that medium scale (wave number between 6 and 9) westerly waves with medium frequency (period between 3 days and 9 days) significantly contribute to the 2 distinctive kinetic energy maxima located over the North Pacific and the east coast of North America. Easterly waves with medium and high frequency have no substantial contribution. An analysis of the effects of non-linear interactions on the regional distribution and characteristics of the kinetic energy of the medium scale westerly waves with medium frequency indicates that the contribution of non-linear interactions corresponding to the longitudinal convergence of the flux of kinetic energy is generally larger than that of the terms involving the meridional convergence of the flux of kinetic energy. The primary non-linear interactions occur at mid-latitudes between 30° N and 50° N. The regions at 200 mb (500 mb) located to the north (south) of the maximum intensity of kinetic energy over the North Pacific are characterized by a negative contribution from non-linear interactions. The analysis reveals that the distribution of maximum intensity of kinetic energy over the North Pacific is positively correlated with the distribution of the non-linear interaction contribution. It indicates that non-linear interactions play an important role in the dynamics of atmospheric waves. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1983.tb00188.x
Formation of YBa2BiO6 and its effect on the superconductivity in Bi replaced YBa2Cu3Oy

Abstract The effect of Bi substitution on YBa 2 Cu 3 O y was visualized through partial replacement of Cu with Bi which had led to the formation of YBa 2 BiO 6 . The insulating compound accounted for the deterioration of superconductivity in heavily replaced compositions. The synthesis of stoichiometric YBa 2 BiO 6 had been investigated and compared with its formation in the presence of CuO as in YBa 2 Cu 3−x Bi x O y .
Organic synthesis in a simulated Jovian atmosphere

Organic synthesis by electrical discharge in simulated Jovian atmosphere, noting appearance of orange-red cyanogen-ammonia polymer nonvolatile fraction
Anomalies in ligand exchange reactions for platinum(II) complexes

Abstract The coordination complexes of platinum(II) with their inherent inertness have provided a great variety of behaviour in their ligand substitution reactions. The present work, certainly not exhaustive of the subject, summarizes a number of results which were not to be expected in view of the coherent model of a simple nucleophilic attack which has been rather convincingly established and generally accepted. Studies of additional ligand exchange reactions employing either a stable or radio-active tracer will doubtlessly continue to provide significant information concerning these systems. It should be reemphasized that such techniques must be accompanied by thorough chemical characterization. Their utility may be seriously limited by the separation procedures; and without methods for separating al the major chemical components, a satisfactory characterization of the isotopic exchange may not result. The isotopic exchange studies so far have provided the means to fit the halides into a nucleophilicity scale for the “normal” substitution, especially in comparison to attack by solvent. By permitting the kinetics investigations to escape from the pseudo first order regions they have also made possible the demonstration of the “abnormal” processes which involve the dimer transition states. It seems that especially significant experiments will be possible investigations of the exchange catalysis for one complex by others. With the possibility of higher order reactions it also is important to investigate the dependence of the rates over the widest possible range of the concentration variables. It is hoped that the anomalies, which have been summarized, will provide a stimulus for additional experiments to ttest and tpossibly modify the models which have been discussed.
A bibliographic sampler

The author presents a critical survey of recent books in or related to pastoral care. A review of books that may be considered of immediate benefit to the pastor and practitioner is followed by comments on several books of a more specialized and theoretical nature. A final section describes several recent publications that reflect psychosocial critiques of contemporary society and the place of psychology in it.
Picogram measurement of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gastric mucosa by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Prostaglandin biosynthesis by gastric mucosa was determined by a 1-min incubation, solvent extraction, and reaction with panacyl bromide. The prostaglandin ester was measured by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The prostaglandin E 2 levels of normal gastric mucosa of rats and swine were 90.6 ± 31.0 and 79.8 ± 39.8 pg/min/mg tissue, respectively. This method was sensitive to 40 pg and specific for prostaglandin E 2 .
Crystal structure of (η5-C5H5)W[C(Ph)C(CMe3)C(Ph)]Cl2, a molecule possessing a localized, non-planar tungstenacyclobutadiene ring

Abstract The complex (η5-C5H5)W[C(Ph)C(CMe3)C(Ph)]Cl2 has been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. This complex crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P2jt]1/c (C2h5; No. 14) with a 9.8594(38), b 10.8206(17), c 20.580(11) A, β 92.882(38)°, V 2192.8(15) A3 and D(calcd) 1.72 g cm−3 for mol. wt. 567.2 and Z = 4. Diffraction data were collected with a Syntex P21 diffractometer and the structure was solved and refined to RF 3.1% and RwF 2.6% for all 2599 data with 2θ = 4.5–45.0°. The tungsten atom has a coordination environment resembling a “four-legged piano stool”. The tungstenacyclobutadiene system is non-planar and localized, individual distances around the WC3 system being (cyclically) WC(6) 1.943(5), C(6)-C(1) 1.485(7), C(1)C(13) 1.372(8), and C(13)W 2.132(5) A; the W…C(1) distance of 2.339(5) A is essentially non-bonding.
EFFECT OF WR-2721 ON FUROSEMIDE-INDUCED NEPHROCALCINOSIS † 1632

We previously demonstrated in the rat that parathyroidectomy protects from development of furosemide-induced nephrocalcinosis (NC) (Pediatr. Res. 1996;39:375A). In the present study we investigated the effect of WR-2721(WR), a PTH - blocking agent, on NC in the young rat. Five groups of 4-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats were studied (each n=6): (a) control (b) furosemide 40 mg/kg (c) furosemide + WR 20 mg/kg (d) furosemide + WR 30 mg/kg(e) furosemide + WR 40 mg/kg. Furosemide and WR were given each in a single daily dose simultaneously for 2 wks. At the last 4 days of the study animals were placed in metabolic cages and at the end anesthetized and exsanguinated by aortic puncture. One kidney was studied histologically and the other ashed for Ca analysis. Results: Furosemide effect was noticed in groups (b)-(e) by increased urine output, fluid intake and urine Cl. Histologic scores (0-4) of NC: (a) 0.0±0.0 (b) 3.3±0.7 (c) 2.8±1.5 (d) 0.8±0.8 (e) 0.5±0.8 and kidney Ca content (μgm/gm dry tissue): (a) 188±128 (b) 2118±1120 (c) 1708±841 (d) 519±417 (e) 326±243 both showed development of NC with furosemide and a gradual decrease in the magnitude of NC with increasing doses of WR, with no difference between groups (a) and (e). There were no differences among the groups in their creatinine clearance, urine pH, Ca or P excretion, however serum ionized Ca++ in (d) 5.80±0.13 and (e) 5.70±0.10 were significantly lower than in (b) 5.97±0.07. These results provide further support for the role of PTH in furosemide-induced NC and demonstrate the feasibility of medically protecting the kidney from developing furosemide-induced NC by blocking the effect of PTH.
Zinc Nutrition and Starch Metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The effect of Zn nutrition on leaf starch metabolism was studied in two navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties, Sanilac and Saginaw. Sanilac is much more susceptible to Zn deficiency than is Saginaw. The variables examined in these two strains were starch content, the activity of soluble starch synthetase (ADP-glucose: starch α-4-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.b), and the size and number of starch grains. All of these variables decreased during Zn deficiency. The reductions were much greater in Sanilac than in Saginaw. Thus, positive correlations exist between the relative changes in these variables in Sanilac and Saginaw under low Zn and their genotypic difference in growth response to low Zn. These results are taken to purport that the above observations most likely represent characteristic responses to Zn deficiency. We therefore suggest that, as a possible role in plant metabolism, Zn is involved in starch formation.
Moving toward a novel and comprehensive behavioral composite of engagement in HIV care

Suboptimal engagement in HIV care increases the risk of HIV-related morbidity and mortality; however, a comprehensive and practical measure of engagement in care does not exist. The objective of our study was to identify and develop a composite of engagement in HIV care. From May to August 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV-positive individuals who consented to participate in an online survey. Engagement in care was assessed by the following self-reported variables: (1) having attended an HIV health-care provider appointment in the past six months, (2) reporting a scheduled future HIV health-care provider appointment, (3) knowing their last CD4+ cell count, (4) knowing their antiretroviral (ARV) medication names, (5) reporting ARV adherence ≥80% on the visual analog scale (VAS) and rating scale, (6) reporting adherence ≥90% on the VAS and rating scale, and (7) not having missed all ARVs for at least four days in a row in the past three months. To create the composite of engagement in care, ...
Biomimetic Synthesis of Inorganic Nanospheres

The synthesis of silica, silver bromide, and composite nanospheres made in the presence of block copolypeptide vesicles is reported. Hollow silica nanospheres of controllable size can be made with Lys:Phe 1:1 block copolypeptides, whereas at higher block ratios, uniform silica nanospheres are formed that are not hollow. Silver bromide nanospheres of controllable size in the range of 25−250 nm can also be formed, as well as silver bromide/silica core−shell particles. The silver bromide nanospheres can also be assembled into hollow rods in the presence of rhodamine 6G, and this process is reversible. The unique feature of this work is the ability to translate the information of an individual biomimetic supramolecular structure (e.g., vesicle) as a template into an inorganic material. The results show that block copolypeptides offer unique opportunities for assembling nanostructured materials.
THE ORDER OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION : ITS EFFECTS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN COCAINE AND ETHANOL

To investigate the pharmacologic effects of the interaction between cocaine and ethanol, six male, paid volunteers familiar with the use of both ethanol and cocaine were tested in a dose-response, placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomly-assigned, cross-over design. Cocaine HCl (1.25 and 1.9 mg/kg) or placebo (lidocaine and mannitol) was given by nasal insufflation (snorting). Thirty minutes after cocaine snorting, ethanol (0.85 g/kg) or placebo was administered in divided doses over a thirty minute period. Cocaine and cocaethylene plasma concentrations, blood ethanol levels, subjective ratings of drug effects, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Statistical analysis of the effects of cocaine snorting before ethanol ingestion indicate that: 1) cocaine did not alter the blood ethanol levels or the ratings of ethanol intoxication; 2) cocaethylene was formed and appeared in plasma more slowly and in concentrations lower than those of its parent compound; 3) the appearance of cocaethylene in plasma did not alter the decline of cocaine's subjective and heart rate effects; and 4) cocaine plasma concentrations were not increased and no augmentation of the subjective and heart rate effects of cocaine occurred. This latter finding, is in sharp contrast to the significant increase in cocaine plasma concentration and augmentation of cocaine's subjective and heart rate effects produced when ethanol is ingested prior to cocaine snorting.