cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the complexing of deoxyribonucleic acid by silver (I).

Abstract The complexes of silver(I) with DNA have been studied spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically at an ionic strength of 0.1 M (NaClO4) and pH ∼ 5.6. Let rb be the moles of Ag+ bound per DNA base. There is one complex for 0 The Ag-DNA complexes have about the same high intrinsic viscosity as the uncomplexed DNA, indicating that the helical structure is not disrupted. There is no proton release from the DNA upon formation of the first complex. Upon formation of the second complex, there is some proton release which is greater for AT-rich DNA's. We propose that the first complex involves addition of Ag+ to the sigma electron pair of N-7 or N-3 of the purines in alternate base pairs. In the second complex, Ag+ is added to the remaining base pairs; for AT pairs, it replaces the N-1 (adenine) to N-3 (thymine) hydrogen bond; for GC pairs, it again adds to N-7 or N-3 of the guanosine. The complexing behavior of AT polymer is quite different from that of the natural DNA's.
Microscopic Investigation of CO2, Flooding Process

Visual examinations of microscopic behavior of Ctheta/sub 2/ flooding processes were conducted with a high-pressure glass-bead-packed transparent flow tube. The apparatus and techniques developed made it possible to observe the physical phenomena of the displacement of oil by Ctheta/sub 2/ under both miscible and immiscible conditions. Effects of Ctheta/sub 2/ slug size and formation dip on oil recovery also were investigated. The test results were recorded in a series of magnified color photographs for after-run study and interpretation. Three types of displacement were observed within the testing pressure range. These were (1) immiscible, (2) semimiscible, and (3) miscible. Type 2 is an evaporating process in which oil is disintegrated into microscopic particles and transported in the Ctheta/sub 2/ stream. It was observed that more than one type of displacement could coexist in a flooding system. Under dynamic displacement and constant temperature conditions, miscibility could occur within a wide range of pressures, with higher pressures promoting earlier development of miscibility, thus resulting in better oil recovery.
Cramer-Rao bounds and instrument optimization for slitless spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is a fundamental diagnostic technique in physical sciences with widespread application. Multi-order slitless imaging spectroscopy has been recently proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional spectrographs, in particular their small instantaneous field of view. Since an inversion is required to infer the physical parameters of interest from slitless spectroscopic measurements, a rigorous theory is essential for quantitative characterization of their performance. In this paper we develop such a theory using the Cramer-Rao lower bounds for the physical parameters of interest, which are derived in terms of important instrument design considerations including the spectral orders to measure, dispersion scale, signal-to-noise ratio, and number of pixels. Our treatment provides a framework for exploring the optimal choices of these design considerations. We illustrate these concepts for an application in EUV solar spectroscopy.
Fatal Non-Transplant-Related Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Atypical Lymphoid Proliferations in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Study

Most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infections in infants and children are asymptomatic or self-limited mild viral illnesses, but rare cases of a rapidly fatal disorder have been described. Failure of the cellular response to control EBV-related lymphoid proliferation leads to severe disease with multiple complications, including a fatal outcome or development of an EBV-driven, clonal lymphoid neoplasm. In this report we characterize 3 cases of fatal, nontransplant, or immunodeficiency-related EBV infection in very young children with immunophenotypic and molecular evidence of B/natural killer (NK)-T cell clonal expansion. An immunohistochemical staining panel included testing for B-cell antigen (CD20), and T/NK cell antigens including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD57, and TIA-1. T-cell and B-cell PCR clonality testing was performed on paraffin tissue specimens to identify clonal populations. The ages of these 3 patients ranged from 22 months to 4 years. Initial clinical presentations included pneumonia, abnormal liver function tests and fever, and lymphadenopathy. The 3 patients died within 17 to 72 days of presentation, and autopsy was performed on 1 patient. All cases demonstrated prominent atypical lymphoid or lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, and necrosis was present in 2 of the 3 cases. The atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD3 (cytoplasmic), CD2, CD8, TIA-1, and CD57 and negative for CD4. We molecularly identified B-cell clones in the 2 tested patients, who also showed evidence of hemophagocytosis. Fatal EBV infection is characterized by a morphologic spectrum with atypical lymphoid infiltrates and variable necrosis. Our molecular studies of these patients suggest a clonally-derived expansive process, most likely driven by EBV infection. Our results also suggest that development of clonality is associated with an aggressive clinical course and may be useful in predicting greater risk for fatal outcome. A high index of suspicion, coupled with appropriate serologic and molecular testing, aids in early recognition and diagnosis of these lymphoproliferative processes.
Patients with hydrocephalus presenting in the psychiatric clinic: report of two cases

Two patients with major mental symptomatology and few neurological signs were presented who on further studies were revealed to have unsuspected hydrocephalus. This was due to an obstructive lesion at the level of the aqueduct present since birth or for many years. Both presented with a rather unusual clinical picture so that they were first considered to suffer from a psychiatric illness. Radiographic contrast studies established the diagnosis in both cases and led to successful treatment in one of them. The first patient made an uneventful recovery after a shunting operation. The other had no such operation and died of an unrelated disease some time later. A constellation of declining mental functions with or without behavioral disturbance and few or minor neurologic signs and an abnormal electroencephalogram should include in the differential diagnosis "occult" hydrocephalus which is a potentially correctable condition. The psychiatrist might be the first one to see this type of patient and to initiate the appropriate evaluation.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO LOOSE AND COVERED SMUT IN HYBRIDS OF HULL-LESS WITH EARLY GOTHLAND AND MONARCH OATS

I have recently published two papers describing some of my results on the investigation of smut resistance in certain oat hybrids. One of these (I7) dealt with hybrids of Early Gothland and Monarch and the other (i8) recorded the results obtained with a hybrid between Early Gothland and Victor. The data secured with the Missouri races of both loose (Ustilago Avenae (Pers.) Jens.) and covered (U. levis (K. & S.) Magn.) smuts were included. The Early Gothland variety is characterized by its high susceptibility to the loose smut and a corresponding resistance to the covered. Monarch is exactly the reverse in its behavior, being extremely susceptible to the covered smut and resistant to the loose. The Victor oat differs from both of these in being completely susceptible to loose and covered smut. The present paper is concerned with the results obtained with hybrids between Early Gothland and Hull-less and Monarch and Hull-less. Hullless is an oat variety which is very susceptible to the Missouri races of both loose and covered smut. It has been used in a great many different types of experiments and high percentages of infection have usually been obtained (8, 9, II, 15, 20). In connection with the hybrids grown in the present series, as recorded in table i, there were 237 plants of Hull-less inoculated with the loose smut and 206 (86.9 percent) were infected. In the series with covered smut I85 plants were inoculated and 148 (8o percent) were infected. In some of the individual experiments this variety has given I00 percent infection; in other experiments, however, one or more plants have failed to be smutted. It is interesting to note that Hull-less has, on the average, given lower percentages of infection than Victor, Canadian, and some other oat varieties. However, it is certainly to be classified as a very susceptible oat. Along with the hybrids, the two varieties, Early Gothland and Monarch, were also grown for direct comparison. As recorded in table i, Early Gothland gave I00 percent infection with the loose smut, 62 plants being inoculated. At the same time, it was comparatively free from infection with the covered smut, only 3 plants out of a total of 147 (2 percent) being recorded as infected. The Monarch variety was also inoculated with the loose smut, but only 2 plants out of a total of 208 (0.9 percent) were infected. With the
Multiple Comparison Tests for Path Analysis and Multiple Regression

A joint probability, multiple comparisons significance test is developed for path analysis, multiple regression, and a correlation matrix. Tests are developed for determining the: obtained α level for an entire family of tests, probability of a specified number of tests being statistically significant by chance, obtained α level for indirect paths, and aggregate obtained α level for all tests combined. Critical values are developed where α equals the probability of committing a Type 1 error on one or more tests and 1–α equals the probability of all confidence intervals in the set containing the population mean. Multistage tests are also discussed.
In vitro cellular adaptations of indicators of longevity in response to treatment with serum collected from humans on calorie restricted diets.

Calorie restriction (CR) produces several health benefits and increases lifespan in many species. Studies suggest that alternate-day fasting (ADF) and exercise can also provide these benefits. Whether CR results in lifespan extension in humans is not known and a direct investigation is not feasible. However, phenotypes observed in CR animals when compared to ad libitum fed (AL) animals, including increased stress resistance and changes in protein expression, can be simulated in cells cultured with media supplemented with blood serum from CR and AL animals. Two pilot studies were undertaken to examine the effects of ADF and CR on indicators of health and longevity in humans. In this study, we used sera collected from those studies to culture human hepatoma cells and assessed the effects on growth, stress resistance and gene expression. Cells cultured in serum collected at the end of the dieting period were compared to cells cultured in serum collected at baseline (before the dieting period). Cells cultured in serum from ADF participants, showed a 20% increase in Sirt1 protein which correlated with reduced triglyceride levels. ADF serum also induced a 9% decrease in proliferation and a 25% increase in heat resistance. Cells cultured in serum from CR participants induced an increase in Sirt1 protein levels by 17% and a 30% increase in PGC-1α mRNA levels. This first in vitro study utilizing human serum to examine effects on markers of health and longevity in cultured cells resulted in increased stress resistance and an up-regulation of genes proposed to be indicators of increased longevity. The use of this in vitro technique may be helpful for predicting the potential of CR, ADF and other dietary manipulations to affect markers of longevity in humans.
Hetero Blood Types and Breeding Performance

The phenomenon of hybrid vigor apparently depends to some extent upon the degree of diversity between the genes of the two parents. Results are presented which suggest that diversity of cellular antigens might be used as an indicator of general genetic diversity between mates.
Measurement of elastic modulus s/sub 11//sup D/ of thin film ZnO by resonance method

The elastic modulus of thin film ZnO has been measured by attaching a Si-ZnO strip to a ceramic bimorph, deflecting the latter with an electric signal, and measuring the resonance frequencies of the Si-ZnO strip. The resonance frequencies of the Si-ZnO strip depend on the properties of both Si and ZnO. The properties of Si are known, and, thus, the elastic modulus of thin film ZnO can be calculated from the resonance frequency of the beam. The results we obtained are presented in this report.
Development of Geologic Structure in Middle Rocky Mountains: ABSTRACT

Hydrocarbons in commercial quantities are produced within this province from rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Eocene, and from many different types of traps. The geologic environment which led to the origin and entrapment has been influenced by structural history; by climatic factors resulting from crustal movement; and by evolution of organisms. Some extant mountain ranges and intermontane basins began to evolve in middle Precambrian time. Intermittent vertical oscillation of the foreland contemporaneous with the dominant subsidence of the trough in western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho characterized the events of Paleozoic time to Pennsylvanian. A northwest-trending structural grain related to the Ancestral Rockies evolved in Pennsylvanian time. Major structural relief developed in central and northern Montana along the Sweetgrass and Big Snowy arches before Late Jurassic time, and gave rise to conditions conducive to hydrocarbon accumulations in stratigraphic-type traps. Major deformation of the Middle Rocky Mountain province resulted from a series of episodes initiated in the Cordilleran trough during middle Cretaceous time and continuing to a climax in Early Eocene time. Intermontane basins were filled with rocks of local derivation of both continental and lacustrine character at least 18,000 feet thick. The present overthrust belt of southeast Idaho, western Wyoming, and southwestern Montana developed from a geosynclinal prism of sediments which had accumulated during Paleozoic and earlier Mesozoic time. The structural elements of the province can be classified in three general categories. The first consists of the east-west-trending fold and fault complexes such as the Big Snowy arch, the Lake Basin fault zone, and the Uinta Mountain uplift all of which are located along sites of late Precambrian subsidence. The second comprises large northwest-trending crustal folds, the crests of which have been eroded to the Precambrian cores and the troughs of which have been the sites of accumulation of thick sedimentary sequences of local derivation. The third includes the low-angle thrusts and long sinuous folds of the overthrust belt in which only the sedimentary veneer is involved. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of these three categories of structure are not readily ascertainable. The structures may have resulted from differing responses to a regional tangential stress system, in which case the patterns of Precambrian deformation influenced the Laramide deformation to a very large degree. The overthrust belt may have had a separate and unique origin not dependent on lateral compression. Behavior End_Page 414------------------------------ of the crust beneath the relatively thin sedimentary veneer has been more important in structural evolution than heretofore reported. End_of_Article - Last_Page 415------------
Influence of temperature and resonance-stabilization on the ortho-effect in cymene oxidation

Abstract Cymenes are monoterpene derivatives composed of a benzene ring with iso -propyl and methyl substituents, and the proximity of the two alkyl groups enables relevant analysis into the ortho- effect of polysubstituted aromatics, in which low-temperature autoignition is more facile for ortho- substitution. The initial steps of ROO-related reactions from Cl-initiated oxidation of ortho -, meta - and para -cymene were studied at low pressure (8 Torr) over the temperature range 450–750 K using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry (MPIMS). Ratios of cyclic ether formation (related to chain-propagation and OH formation) relative to HO 2 -loss (related to chain-termination) were measured to characterize the ortho -effect as a function of temperature. The main results are twofold: (i) Cyclic ether measurements indicate significant chain-propagation below 700 K only in o -cymene oxidation; above 700 K, chain-propagation of the three cymene isomers converge. (ii) The competition between chain-propagation channels stemming from resonance- and non-resonance-stabilized initial cymene radicals changes significantly with temperature, with chain-propagation near 700 K arising predominantly from non-resonance-stabilized R radicals. Cyclic ether yields in m - and p -cymene oxidation are negligible below 650 K, indicating minimal chain-propagation. In contrast, o -cymene exhibits significant cyclic ether formation, attributed to the favorable 6- and 7-membered-ring transition states in the formation of hydroperoxyalkyl (QOOH) intermediates from peroxy radicals (ROO). The cyclic ether/HO 2 -loss ratio in o -cymene oxidation is defined as unity at 450 K and decreases to ∼0.10 at 700 K. The ratio converges to ∼0.10 at 700 K for the three cymene isomers, indicating an upper limit of temperature for the ortho -effect. Photoionization spectra of cyclic ether formation from o -cymene oxidation indicate a competition between both resonance- and non-resonance-stabilized initial radicals at the lower range of temperature. With increasing temperature, cyclic ether formation shifts from pathways involving resonance-stabilized initial radicals towards pathways solely from non-resonance-stabilized initial radicals because of back-dissociation of weakly bound ROO adducts.
Computer-based educational communications at the University of Michigan

A series of studies at the University of Michigan has explored information systems as a basis for learning environments (Zinn, 1974). Currently staff at the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT) is looking at educational uses of computer-based conferencing, for example, computer-based seminars and computer-assisted curriculum development. Departments trying other uses, for example, computer-based committee work and computer-aided proposal preparation, find the basic software developed at CRLT to be applicable. However, some of the procedures described here are modified for the various purposes.A paper now in preparation by the same authors reports the history of computer-based conferencing at the University of Michigan. In brief, the activity did not become practical until the spring of 1975 when the CONFER I program (in Fortran) was completed by Robert Parnes. The conferencing software did not receive much use outside the circle of people interested in the software development until CONFER II became operational in the fall. A year of experience provides clear indication of the scope of conferencing applications and the resources needed for effective use.The first section of this note gives a rationale for the use of computer assistance in seminars, curriculum development and other educational activity. It concludes with a checklist intended for the potential organizer of a conference. The second section provides data on phase one of a study of conferencing applied in seminars and individual study. The third section discusses costs, time commitments and benefits. A fourth section describes implications of computer-based educational communications for the University of Michigan.
Photothermal nanoblade for single cell surgery and cargo delivery

This work presents a novel photothermal nanoblade that utilizes metallic nanostructures to light energy from short laser pulses to generate highly localized and shaped explosive cavitation bubbles which enables rapid cut of a lightly contacting cell membrane of a mammalian cell. Photothermal nanoblade can generate micrometer-sized membrane access ports for delivering large size cargo with high efficiency and high cell viability. Biologic and inanimate cargo over 3-orders of magnitude in size including DNA, RNA, 200 nm polystyrene beads, to 2 μm bacteria have also been successfully delivered into multiple mammalian cell types.
Modeling of normal tissue response to radiation: the critical volume model.

Abstract Purpose : A model for calculating normal tissue complication probability in response to therapeutic doses of radiation is presented. Methods and Materials : The model which we call the “critical volume model” is based on a concept of functional subunits defined either structurally (e.g., nephrons) or functionally, and an assumption that normal tissue complication probability is fully determined by the number or fraction of surviving functional subunits composing an organ or tissue. The essential features of the model are that it takes into account variations in tissue radiosensitivity and architecture of an organ for a single patient and for a patient population, and predicts the normal tissue complication probability under conditions of 3-dimensional inhomogeneity of the dose distribution. The model can be used for Integral Response, or “parallel,” organs (where all functional subunits are performing the same function in parallel and the output of the organ is the sum of the outputs of the functional subunits and for Critical Element, or “serial,” organs (where damage to one functional subunit results in an expression of damage for the whole organ). The model combines into one compact scheme new concepts and several ideas and models which have been previously developed by other investigators. Results : The behavior of the model is presented and discussed for the example of the kidney, with clinical nephritis as the functional endpoint. Conclusions : The model has the potential to be a useful tool for evaluation and optimization of 3-dimensional treatment plans for a variety of types of normal tissues.
Feed Energy Requirements for Different Rates of Growth of Dairy Heifers

Abstract Comparisons of feed and growth data were calculated from 16 experiments from which published data were available involving more than 900 heifers in 267 experimental groups within which heifers had been fed to produce different growth rates. Feeds were measured by total digestible nutrients (TDN). Metabolic weight was calculated as W 0.6 . The regression equation TDN/W 0.6 = a + b G (daily gain) showed that feed per unit metabolic weight was linearly related to daily gain. Terms of equations from most experiments were similar; therefore, all were combined to give (for kg) TDN/W 0.6 = .0750 + 0.0917G, equivalent to TDN=.075W 0.6 (l + 1.222G). The correlation coefficient was 0.77. The standard error of estimate of the regression was 0.015. For a given TDN/W 0.6 6 ratio, young heifers gained slightly more than older heifers. For practical prediction of feed allowances for heifers of a given size to gain any weight within normal ranges, the equation is applicable for all dairy breeds from 4 to 22 months of age.
Model Selection Methods for Mixture Dichotomous IRT Models

This study examines model selection indices for use with dichotomous mixture item response theory (IRT) models. Five indices are considered: Akaike's information coefficient (AIC), Bayesian information coefficient (BIC), deviance information coefficient (DIC), pseudo-Bayes factor (PsBF), and posterior predictive model checks (PPMC). The five indices provide somewhat different recommendations for a set of real data. Results from a simulation study indicate that BIC selects the correct (i.e., the generating) model well under most conditions simulated and for all three of the dichotomous mixture IRT models considered. PsBF is almost as effective. AIC and PPMC tend to select the more complex model under some conditions. DIC is least effective for this use.
Spectral response improvement of CMOS APS pixel through lateral collection

A photodiode (PD) type complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) composes a reverse biased PN-junction for photon conversion and charge storage. Peripheral junction of photodiode plays an important role on collecting photogenerated electrons in the vicinity of photodiode edges through lateral collection. Thus, lateral collection contribution would be improved by increasing total peripheral junction length of the photodiode. In this paper, photodiode peripheral utilization effect on the pixel's spectral response was reported. Spectral response of an 18/spl mu/m /spl times/ 18/spl mu/m photodiode CMOS APS pixel was improved by opening multiple circular openings on the photodiode. A CMOS APS imager test chip was designed, fabricated and tested in 0.5/spl mu/m, 5V, 2P3M CMOS process containing 424 /spl times/ 424 pixel arrays with smaller sub arrays for multiple pixel designs. Four pixels with 7, 11, 14, and 17 circular, 1.6/spl mu/m diameter openings were designed and placed on the same imager chip along with one reference pixel with no openings. Spectral response of the pixels were measured and compared. It was found that increased photodiode peripheral improves spectral response of APS pixel by more than 10% in blue spectrum with the expanse of increased dark current.
Voltage-addressable on/off microvalves for high-pressure microchip separations.

We present a microchip-based, voltage-addressable on/off valve architecture that is fundamentally consistent with the pressures and solvents employed for high-pressure liquid chromatography. Laser photopatterning of polymer monoliths inside glass microchannels is used to fabricate mobile fluid control elements, which are opened and closed by electrokinetic pressures. The glass substrates and crosslinked polymer monoliths operate in water–acetonitrile mixtures and have been shown to hold off pressures as high as 350 bar (5000 p.s.i.). Open/closed flow ratios of 104 to 106 have been demonstrated over the pressure range 1.5–70 bar (20–1000 p.s.i.), and the pressure–leak relationship shows the potential for valving control of flow through packed or monolithic chromatography columns. We expect that this valve platform will enable multiplexing of multiple chromatographic separations on single microchips.
Political survival in Pakistan: beyond ideology

Anas Malik's Political Survival in Pakistan is a useful addition to the burgeoning literature on political survival specifically in relation to weak states. Drawing on the 2003 volume edited by Bue...
A Note on Weyl Modules for ∞ and ∞

In this article we extend Jantzen's formula for the determinant of the contravariant form on highest weight   n -modules to a formula for highest weight   ∞-modules. This, in turn, has applications to the representation theory of (degenerate and nondegenerate) cyclotomic Hecke algebras.
Sentiment Network Analysis of Taleban and RFE/RL Open-Source Content about Afghanistan

Analysis of sentiment expressed in political systems' communication over long periods of time has been difficult. This research illustrates a method based on network analysis, the Sentiment Network Analyzer (SNAZ). It identifies weighted shortest paths between seed words and 3,500 target sentiment words as these occur in semantic networks extracted from open-source documents sliced into time intervals. Computing the normalized intensity ratios of positive and negative sentiment for each time slice enables application of the "Losada Line." For a system to be flourishing there must be at least 2.9 times more positive than negative communication. Below that ratio the system is languishing. Excessive positivity above a ratio of 11.6 marks the disintegration of a system into chaotic oscillation. We collected and analyzed five years of documents propaganda mentioning the Tale ban from Afghani and Pakistani sources transcribed by BBC International Monitoring. Likewise, we extract and analyze stories communicated by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) connected with Afghanistan over the same five-year period. Semantic network and sentiment network analysis is coupled with the computation of positivity ratios in each time slice during this period. Tale ban content is generally evident of flourishing, except for a period of oscillation between flourishing and excessive positivity beginning in the third quarter of 2010. RFE/RL is consistently languishing, reaching the 2.9 flourishing level in only one period. We discuss possible reasons. We also consider some implications for perception management and counter terrorism strategy.
Deoxyribonuclease II: structure and chromosomal localization of the murine gene, and comparison with the genomic structure of the human and three C. elegans homologs

Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) has been implicated in diverse functions including degradation of foreign DNA, genomic instability, and in mediating the DNA digestion associated with apoptosis. The production of a mouse deleted for DNase II would clearly help to discriminate these functions. We have cloned and sequenced the mouse gene encoding DNase II. It was found to have a similar intron/exon structure to the human gene, although introns 3 and 5 are considerably shorter. The gene is located on mouse chromosome 8. The order of genes at this locus is mGCDH, mEKLF, mDNase II, mSAST, which is the same order that these genes are found on human chromosome 19. The GenBank database contains incorrect expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for the 3' end of the mouse mRNA. Furthermore, the gene structure of two of the three homologs in C. elegans is also incorrectly predicted in the database. We have established the correct intron/exon structure for these genes and show the conserved sequence and structure of the C. elegans, murine and human genes.
ELEVATED δ15N IN STREAM BIOTA IN AREAS WITH SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS IN AN URBAN WATERSHED

Anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen from human sewage are a central concern in urban watershed management. However, identifying the locations of these inputs, whether from improperly functioning or ill-maintained septic tanks or from leaking sewer lines, is difficult. We used nitrogen stable-isotope analysis of aquatic food webs as indicators of sewage-derived nitrogen in Valley Creek watershed. Stable nitrogen isotope analysis revealed elevated δ15N in all trophic levels at stations located downstream of the divide between sewered and nonsewered (septic tanks) neighborhoods in the watershed. Stations not located in the septic system area or on the other branch of the creek did not show this elevated level of δ15N. Allochthonus inputs, which do not derive nitrogen from aquatic sources, such as detrital leaf material, showed no difference in δ15N between Valley Creek and Little Valley Creek. Particular fish species that are found throughout both branches, such as blacknose dace and creek chub, had as much as ...
How tissue optics affect dosimetry for photochemical, photothermal, and photomechanical mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction.

Steven L. Jacques, Ph.D.Laser Biology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030ABSTRACTThe optical properties of tissues determine the penetration into tissue of the radiant energy from alaser (or other light) source. Subsequently, the laser energy is converted to chemical, thermal, ormechanical energy, and a variety of laser-tissue interactions are possible. The initial distribution of theradiant energy, however, affects the distribution and often the nature of the subsequent laser-tissueinteractions.In this report, the manner in which optical penetration affects the subsequent photochemical,photothermal, and photomechanical mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction are presented. Understandingthe optical dosimetry is an important step in developing protocols for clinical therapies.GLOSSARY OF TERMS
INCIDENCE, ETIOLOGY, LOCATION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER

AbstractPurpose: During radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer tumor at the surgical margin is a relatively frequent finding. We summarize the literature on the incidence, etiology, location, prevention and treatment of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: The literature was reviewed for data on positive margins during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.Results: Positive surgical margins may result from artifacts induced by tissue processing, incising inadvertently into the prostate or incising into extraprostatic tumor that has extended beyond the limits of resection. Patients with 10 ng./ml. or greater preoperative prostate specific antigen, biopsy Gleason score 7, multiple positive biopsies, or clinical stage T2b, T2c or T3 cancer have a higher risk of positive margins. Preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in staging a select group of patients. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation reduces the incidence of positive margins but doe...
Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Lithography: Recent Results

A beamline for making X-ray lithography exposures using synchrotron radiation has been built and is now in routine operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The beamline, its optics, and its control system are described, and results are presented showing the intensity and uniformity of the radiation at the wafer. Results of exposures in a variety of resists are shown and discussed.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
International Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty: Bangkok, Thailand

This study compares first-time and repeat international tourists regarding their satisfaction and destination loyalty with their visit(s) to Bangkok. The data were collected from 254 international tourists. The results revealed that they were most satisfied with beautiful architectural buildings and historical sites, shopping opportunities and cultural sightseeing. Friends and families were their preferred information sources. Vacationing in Bangkok was the main purpose of their trip and taxies were their main means of transportation. First-time and repeat visitors differed in their views of Bangkok as being an amazing place, the hospitality of residents and beautiful smiles, and the quality of goods/services. For repeat tourists, professionals and students differed in their views of safety and security. Both groups would revisit Bangkok and recommend Bangkok to others.
An increase in opiate receptor-sites is associated with enhanced cardiovascular depressant, but not respiratory depressant action of morphine

Rats were treated for 4 weeks with a constant infusion of 2 mg/kg/h of the opiate antagonist naloxone. This treatment increased mu-, delta- and kappa-binding sites by 60-180% in several brain regions, suggesting effective blockade of the 3 types of opiate sites. The significance of changes in opiate binding sites for opiate receptor mediated physiological responses were examined using cardiovascular and respiratory responses to morphine (assessed after elimination of naloxone) as physiological parameters. Chronically naloxone-treated rats showed no alteration in respiratory responses to morphine, whereas there was a marked supersensitivity to depressor and bradycardic effects and a loss of pressor and tachycardic effects of morphine. These data are the first indication that cardiovascular effects of opiates vary with changes in central opiate receptor levels. Our observations, moreover, show that there are complex relationships between receptor number and receptor-mediated effects of opiates.
Unfreezing the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict? Evaluating Peacemaking Efforts under the Obama Administration

Barack Obama came into office identifying a resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as a priority of his presidency. Since the mid-1990s, international mediation had not yielded any substantive progress on bringing Armenia and Azerbaijan closer to a deal. It was hoped that the new administration would change this dynamic. However, with the passage of 2 years, the pattern that has emerged is one of continuity with previous approaches. Despite the brief opening with the proposed rapprochement between Turkey and Armenia, American policy is unlikely to produce a breakthrough to ‘unfreeze’ this ‘frozen’ conflict.
Changes in Tensile Strength of Cadaveric Human Fascia Lata After Implantation in a Rabbit Vagina Model

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined changes in tensile properties after vaginal implantation of human cadaveric fascia lata.Materials and Methods: Baseline tensile properties were determined for freeze-dried, γ irradiated human cadaveric fascia lata from 3 separate lots. Fascial strips (2 × 0.5 cm.) from 2 lots were implanted between the rectovaginal membrane and vaginal mucosa in New Zealand white rabbits. The strips were excised en bloc 12 weeks after implantation. Tensile property measurements were repeated and compared with pre-implantation values.Results: Pre-implantation interlot and intralot variability in baseline tensile properties was significant. After implantation there was an approximate 90% decrease in tensile strength from baseline values. There was no gross evidence of graft autolysis.Conclusions: The decrease in tensile strength of cadaveric fascial graft was significant after implantation in this model.
Optical response of conjugated polyenes. Electrons, holes and intermediate excitons

Abstract A real-space representation of the optical response of conjugated polyenes is developed by starting with the Pariser—Parr—Pople Hamiltonian, and using the Wannier representation to derive equations of motion for coupled two-site oscillators representing correlated electron—hole pairs. The resulting elementary excitations are shown to be intermediate between the molecular (Frenkel) and the semiconductor (Wannier) excitons, and clearly resemble charge-transfer excitons. The present approach allows a unified treatment of the optical response of molecular and semiconductor materials.
3D via etch development for 3D circuit integration in FDSOI

This paper describes the development of the 3D via etch process.The oxide via etch was developed in a Trikon Technologies low pressure, high density, helicon-based cluster tool. A response surface design-of-experiments (DOE) was performed varying etch pressure and wafer bias to examine their effect on etch profile and etch rates. An anisotropic etch is essential for high packing density. There was an excellent fit between the data and the model. Low pressure and high bias were required to give vertical profiles. Higher etch pressure caused excessive polymer deposition resulting in etch stop. Low wafer bias could not remove the deposited polymer fast enough, also resulting in etch stop.
Higher order modes power loss in the vertical separators at CESR

CESR upgrade "phase III" is designed to operate with a total current of 1.0 ampere. It was clear to us that the "old" separators, built in 1978, will not be able to handle this amount of current. Therefore, the vertical separators were re-designed and three new separators were build. Two are installed in the north side of CESR. In order to study if the new separators will be able to support the high current beams designed for phase III, an accurate calorimetric system was designed and built on one of the vertical separators, 48E. Using this system we were able to study the total higher order modes power dissipation in each component of the separator and estimate the total HOM power loss at the higher currents.
Tumor Regression Induced by Intratumor Administration of Adenovirus Vector Expressing CD40 Ligand and Naive Dendritic Cells

We have previously shown that in vivo genetic modification of tumors with an adenovirus (Ad) vector engineered to express CD40 ligand (AdmCD40L) induces tumor-specific CTLs and suppresses tumor growth in vivo . In the present study, we investigate the hypothesis that this treatment can be made more efficient with 10 2 -fold less Ad vector by also administering bone marrow-generated dendritic cells (DCs) to the tumor. Using AdmCD40L and the number of DCs that alone had no effect on tumor growth, the data show that the growth of CT26 (colon adenocarcinoma; H-2 d ) and B16 (melanoma; H-2 b ) murine s.c. tumors is significantly suppressed by direct administration of DCs into s.c. established tumors that had been pretreated with AdmCD40L 2 days previously. The antitumor effect produced by the combination therapy of AdmCD40L + DCs correlated with in vivo priming of tumor-specific CTLs. The antitumor cell-mediated immunity was transferable to naive mice by spleen cells from AdmCD40L + DC-treated animals. The interactions between CD40L and CD40 within treated tumors were critical because tumor suppression was abrogated by coadministration to the tumors of neutralizing monoclonal antibody against CD40L along with the DCs. Finally, in vivo depletion and knockout mice experiments demonstrated that tumor regression produced by this combination therapy depends on CD8+ T cells, but not on CD4+ T cells. These findings should be useful in designing strategies for use of DCs and AdmCD40L in cancer immunotherapy.
A Judicial Perspective on Psychotherapist–Client Privilege: Ten Practical Tips for Clinicians

Throughout a clinician's therapeutic relationship with a client in the child custody context, the clinician must protect the client's communications which have been given in an expectation of confidence. In the face of multiple competing legal and ethical demands on the clinician, ten practice tips are provided to assist the clinician in carrying out his or her complex obligations.
Mitotic instability in resynthesized and natural polyploids of the genus Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae).

Allopolyploids contain complete sets of chromosomes from two or more different progenitor species. Because allopolyploid hybridization can lead to speciation, allopolyploidy is an important mechanism in evolution. Meiotic instability in early-generation allopolyploids contributes to high lethality, but less is known about mitotic fi delity in allopolyploids. We compared mitotic stability in resynthesized Arabidopsis suecica- like neoallopolyploids with that in 13 natural lines of A. suecica (2 n = 4 x = 26). We used fl uorescent in situ hybridization to distinguish the chromosomal contribution of each progenitor, A. thaliana (2 n = 2 x =10) and A. arenosa (2 n = 4 x = 32). Surprisingly, cells of the paternal parent A. arenosa had substantial aneuploidy, while cells of the maternal parent A. thaliana were more stable. Both natural and resynthesized allopolyploids had low to intermediate levels of aneuploidy. Our data suggest that polyploidy in Arabidopsis is correlated with aneuploidy, but varies in frequency by species. The chromosomal composition in aneuploid cells within individuals was variable, suggesting somatic mosaicisms of cell lineages, rather than the formation of distinct, stable cytotypes. Our results suggest that somatic aneuploidy can be tolerated in Arabidopsis polyploids, but there is no evidence that this type of aneuploidy leads to stable novel cytotypes.
Effec ts of maturity group, seed composition and storage conditions on the quality and storability of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seed

Soybean seed is usually not carried-over to the next planting season because it deteriorates rapidly in storage, resulting in poor growth when planted. This rapid deterioration is a serious problem in seed production. The short shelf life of soybean seed is the result of its high lipid content and high levels of polyunsaturated linolenic and linoleic acids. The soybean production practice of planting early to maximize yield has led to routine use of seed treatments to protect the seeds and seedlings during the early stages of development. The amount of treated seed is increasing every year as research identifies more effective active ingredients. However, excess treated soybean seed must be disposed of differently from untreated seed, which generates an additional cost for the seed industry. There is a need for prolonging storage life of carry-over treated seeds to minimize seed disposal costs. The objectives were to determine the best storage conditions of temperature and relative humidity that will minimize the deterioration of chemically treated soybean seed from different maturity groups and seed composition. Twenty-four soybean varieties were treated with the fungicides fludioxonil and mefenoxam, or a mixture of these fungicides and the insecticide thiamethoxam, or left untreated as a control. The seeds were packaged and stored under one of three storage conditions: a non-climate controlled warehouse, a climate controlled coldroom (10 o C and 59.6±7.3% RH), or a climate controlled warmroom (25°C and 31.2±11.1% RH). The decline in viability and vigor was evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mo after storage. After 20 mo in storage, the mean moisture content of seed lots in the coldroom ranged between 10.15 to 10.77%, in the warmroom ranged between 5.66 to 5.81 %. The moisture contents for seeds in the warehouse ranged between 11.4 and 12.7%. Soybean genotypes
Integration of Principles of Systems Biology and Radiation Biology: Toward Development of in silico Models to Optimize IUdR-Mediated Radiosensitization of DNA Mismatch Repair Deficient (Damage Tolerant) Human Cancers.

Over the last 7 years, we have focused our experimental and computational research efforts on improving our understanding of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular processing of iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and ionizing radiation (IR) induced DNA base damage by DNA mismatch repair (MMR). These coordinated research efforts, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Integrative Cancer Biology Program (ICBP), brought together system scientists with expertise in engineering, mathematics, and complex systems theory and translational cancer researchers with expertise in radiation biology. Our overall goal was to begin to develop computational models of IUdR- and/or IR- induced base damage processing by MMR that may provide new clinical strategies to optimize IUdR-mediated radiosensitiztion in MMR deficient (MMR-) “damage tolerant” human cancers. Using multiple scales of experimental testing, ranging from purified protein systems to in vitro (cellular) and to in vivo (human tumor xenografts in athymic mice) models, we have begun to integrate and interpolate these experimental data with hybrid stochastic biochemical models of MMR damage processing and probabilistic cell cycle regulation models through a systems biology approach. In this article, we highlight the results and current status of our integration of radiation biology approaches and computational modeling to enhance IUdR-mediated radiosensitization in MMR- damage tolerant cancers.
Numerical methods for Orr–Sommerfeld problems

Five previously employed numerical methods for the solution of Orr–Sommerfeld problems have been compared to each other and to a new method, the differential method of near-orthonormalized integration. Brief summaries of each method are included. The comparison, based on seven factors, reflects the results of an implementation of a computer program for each method for the classic Orr–Sommerfeld problem of plane Poiseuille flow. This comparison shows that the new method and the algebraic finite difference method are currently the best available numerical solution methods for the problems in this class, with the new method being less problem dependent.
Theorizing Transnational Feminisms

Janet Conway. Edges of Global Justice: The World Social Forum and Its ‘Others’. London: Routledge, 2013. ISBN 978-0-415-50621-2. Pascale Dufour, Dominique Masson and Dominique Caouette (eds). Solid...