cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Religion of Senators in the Roman Empire: Religious groups among senators

In Chapter 1 I discussed the religious authority that the whole Roman imperial senate, as a body, claimed for itself in the face of the almost unlimited political and military control of the emperor, and how this religious authority contributed to the cultural identity of the imperial senate. We saw this religious claim expressed primarily at senate meetings, in what appear to be highly charged and potentially precarious situations, in which the senate benefited from appearing as a unified group: it was only their corporate power that could stand up to that of the emperor. As I showed, this communal religious power was a key element in the power of the imperial senate as a body. Yet it is also true that the situations in which we can observe how power – and establishing what was to be seen as normal – was negotiated within the whole senate can offer us only limited insights into what motivated senatorial decisions about any debatable matter. Did senators discuss religious matters in smaller senatorial circles, amongst themselves ? Did senators form any distinct subgroups, in which they laid claim to their unique authority with regard to the divine? Can we find any level, other than the whole senate, in which they understood themselves to have special access to the divine? In studies of Judaism and early Christianity for the same period, such issues of “group formation” or “community formation” have been the subject of intense study.
Biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. XI. Protein-synthesizing systems from vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus megaterium.

Abstract The protein-synthesizing systems isolated from vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus megaterium were compared. The capacity for polyphenylalanine synthesis, directed by polyuridylate, was essentially the same for both systems under optimal conditions and amounted to approximately 8 mµmoles of phenylalanine incorporated in 30 min per mg of ribosomal protein. Amino acid incorporation dependent on endogenous messenger RNA in the spore system was 20 to 30% of that obtained with endogenous vegetative cell messenger. The requirements of each system for Mg++, NH4+, and spermidine were similar, as were the pH optima. Some differences between the two systems were observed in their dependence on ribosomes, supernatant fractions, transfer RNA, and polyuridylate. Transfer RNA from vegetative cells and spores had similar acceptor activities for several amino acids; however, methionine was esterified to spore transfer RNA at 3 times the level seen with vegetative cell material. Spore ribosomes contained an inhibitor of amino acid incorporation. Nuclease activity, assayed by hydrolysis of polyuridylate, was greater in spore ribosomes and supernatant fractions than in their vegetative cell counterparts. These results suggest that the capacity for protein synthesis is identical in spores and vegetative cells, and that the deficiencies in the spore system observed under certain conditions may be attributable to the presence of nuclease.
Ternary cyclotomic polynomials with an optimally large set of coefficients

Ternary cyclotomic polynomials are polynomials of the form Φ pqr (z) = Π ρ (z - p), where p < q < r are odd primes and the product is taken over all primitive pqr-th roots of unity p. We show that for every p there exists an infinite family of polynomials Φ pqr such that the set of coefficients of each of these polynomials coincides with the set of integers in the interval [-(p - 1)/2, (p + 1)/2]. It is known that no larger range is possible even if gaps in the range are permitted.
Volatiles in silicate melts at high pressure and temperature

Abstract The structure of silicate melts on the joins SiO2H2O, SiO2Al(OH)3, SiO2Ca(OH)2 and SiO2NaOH at high pressure and temperature has been determined with Raman spectroscopy (quenched from 1550°C at ∼ 500°C s−1 at 15 kbar). In SiO2H2O and SiO2Al(OH)3 melt compositions, H2O exists as molecular H2O ((H2O)0) and as OH bonded to Si4+ in the water concentration range between 4 and 10 wt.%. In SiO2Al(OH)3 composition melts, OH groups are also attached to Al3+. In the systems SiO2Ca(OH)2 and SiO2NaOH, water is dissolved as sodium and calcium hydroxyl complexes in addition to molecular water. Hydroxylation of the silica tetrahedra was not observed in quenched melts along the latter two joins. On the basis of calculated free energies of hydroxylation, the relative stabilities of the hydroxyl complexes are Si … OH > Na … OH > Al … OH > Ca … OH. Nonbridging oxygen is observed in all but SiO2H2O melts. In all systems, intensity relationships among the relevant Raman bands show increasing abundance of metal hydroxyl complexes, nonbridging oxygen and H2O with increasing water content.
Cognitive rehabilitation and problem-solving to improve quality of life of patients with primary brain tumors: a pilot study

Caregivers of patients with brain tumors frequently identify cognitive impairment in their loved ones as their greatest burden, but only one published study has examined a cognitive-rehabilitation intervention for adults with brain tumors. Emotional distress and poor quality of life (QOL) also have been identified as important issues, yet they have been excluded from most intervention studies that target coping and mood. The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and tolerability of a combined cognitive-rehabilitation and problem-solving-therapy intervention for patients with brain tumors and their caregivers. In all, 19 patient/caregiver pairs were enrolled and randomized, and 13 pairs completed the 2-week trial. After receiving the intervention, 88% of patients used the study-specific strategies, and 88% indicated that they would recommend the intervention to other patients diagnosed with a brain tumor. The study intervention was described as "very helpful" or "somewhat helpful" by 88% of study participants. Caregivers were similarly enthusiastic about the intervention. The results showed that patients with brain tumors who have cognitive impairment can participate meaningfully in a structured intervention, and they supported further research into the potential effectiveness of formal rehabilitation targeting cognitive and QOL symptoms for patients with brain tumors and their caregivers.
From Debtors’ Prisons to Prisoner Debtors: Credit Counseling for the Incarcerated

In this article I examine the new requirements for pre-filing credit counseling and post-filing personal financial management courses. I describe how those provisions have been applied to debtors who were incarcerated at the time of their bankruptcy case. Finally, I suggest that courts retain discretion to interpret the provisions, and even to waive them, by declining to dismiss a case in which the debtor was unable to comply with the new provisions. One situation in which courts should do so is when that action is necessary to ensure that inmates retain the protection of the Bankruptcy Code.
Protecting Privacy of Medical Records of Employees and Job Applicants in the Digital Era under the Americans with Disabilities Act

Medical and employee records are increasingly stored and transmitted electronically. As a result, medical records are more broadly available and accessible, creating greater risk of unnecessary breach and disclosure of private medical information. There is no comprehensive scheme for privacy of medical records. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) applies only to certain entities such as medical providers and insurers. The Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) protects all employees and job applicants but is limited to genetic information. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has broad privacy provisions that aim to protect the medical records of job applicants and employees. However, the circuits have split as to whether non-disabled individuals have standing to assert claims against employers violating the privacy provisions of the ADA. Thus, millions of American workers are potentially vulnerable to invasion of medical privacy by employers without recourse. This article examines the emerging trend of use of electronic medical and employee records, the federal privacy laws with respect to their applicability in the employment context, the existing case law concerning the ADA privacy provisions, and the circuit split concerning the application of the ADA privacy provisions to non-disabled individuals. This article concludes that greater protections are needed to protect the private medical records of job applicants and employees and advocates that courts should allow non-disabled workers to enforce the ADA privacy provisions as one way to accomplish this goal.
Thrombomodulin Expression in Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Thrombomodulin (TM) is a surface glycoprotein reported to be expressed in a variety of tumors, including mesotheliomas, endothelial vascular tumors, squamous carcinomas, and various adenocarcinomas. This study evaluated TM expression in transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and determined whether immunostaining for TM has practical value in the diagnosis of TCCs. TM expression was observed in 96 of 106 primary tumors (bladder, 64/72; renal pelvis, 12/14; ureter, 3/3; prostate, 17/17) and in 21 of 23 metastatic TCCs. Among the adenocarcinomas, only 3 of 18 originating in the bladder, 7 of 46 in the lung, 4 of 21 in the breast, 2 of 24 in the ovary, and 2 of 4 in the pancreas expressed this marker. No staining was observed in the 22 renal cell carcinomas or the 35 adenocarcinomas of the prostate, 13 of the endometrium, or 12 of the colon. Nearly all squamous cell carcinomas (lung, 21/27; skin, 7/7; uterine cervix, 6/6; esophagus, 2/2; bladder, 2/2) reacted for TM. TM is a sensitive marker for TCC. TM immunostaining can assist in distinguishing this tumor from others, especially renal cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the prostate, colon, and bladder, but it has no value in separating TCC from squamous cell carcinomas.
The Src Family Kinase Fyn Mediates Signals Induced by TCR Antagonists

FcR nonbinding anti-CD3e mAbs elicit partial TCR signaling that leads to T cell unresponsiveness and tolerance in vivo. In this study, the membrane-proximal events that promote T cell inactivation by FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 mAbs were examined. In the context of FcR nonbinding anti-CD3, TCR complexes did not aggregate and failed to translocate into glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Furthermore, FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 mAbs induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the Fyn substrate Cbl, but not the ZAP-70 substrate linker for activation of T cells. Overexpression of Fyn, but not Lck, restored the mitogenicity of FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 in primary T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Fyn mediates the partial signaling induced by TCR antagonists.
TESTING ASSUMPTIONS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS: COMMUNITIES, WORKSHOPS AND PASTE PREPARATION IN YUCATAN, MEXICO*

Contemporary pottery and raw materials (N= 170) from three workshops in Ticul, Yucatan, were analysed by neutron activation to test the hypothesis that individual workshops that used their own clay sources could be identified by their pottery. Although the data failed to confirm the hypothesis, the results reinforced previous conclusions about the relationship of local communities of potters to the chemical patterning of pottery made in these communities.
Abstract P1-05-02: COX-2 expression in normal mammary epithelium is estrogen responsive and predicts expression in DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is implicated in the poor prognosis of young women9s breast cancer. Understanding the regulation of COX-2 expression in normal premenopausal breast tissue and its relationship to malignancy is anticipated to provide insight into COX-2 as a potential therapeutic target for young breast cancer patients. Methods: To investigate COX-2 regulation and expression, quantitative COX-2 immunohistochemistry was performed on adjacent normal and breast cancer tissues from 83 premenopausal women with known clinical reproductive histories as well as on rat mammary glands with distinct estradiol and progesterone exposures. To determine the stability of COX-2 expression over time, a small cohort of women with serial breast biopsies 2-3 weeks apart was evaluated. Results: COX-2 expression in normal adjacent breast tissue was predominantly epithelial, varied >40-fold between individual women, and was independent of proximity to tumor and tumor biology. COX-2 upregulation occurred in alveoli during pregnancy and with estradiol and progesterone exposure in the rat. Though these data demonstrate ovarian hormone regulation, COX-2 expression was relatively stable for each individual premenopausal woman over a 2-3 week assessment window. Furthermore, COX-2 expression levels in normal epithelium independently predicted COX-2 expression levels in tumors. Conclusions : COX-2 expression in the adjacent normal breast epithelium is highly variable across premenopausal women, and may be further modified by ovarian hormone exposure. Moreover, COX-2 expression in the normal breast independently predicts COX-2 expression in tumors, implicating women with high COX-2 expression in the normal breast epithelium as high risk patients who may benefit from COX-2 inhibitor therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-05-02.
A histochemical study of sympathetic innervation and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the developing pineal body of the rat.

Summary The development of sympathetic innervation and the appearance of 5-HT in the young rat pineal body was studied using the fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp. There is no fluorescence in the pineal of the 19-day-old rat fetus. The first fluorescence to appear is the green (catecholamines) of the sympathetic nerves in the pineal capsule which was observed 2 h after birth. At 24 h some nerves had penetrated the gland. At day 2, large green nerves were found both outside and inside the pineal body. Inside the gland, varicose terminals were seen emerging from the nerve bundles, forming a delicate network around vessels and spreading out among parenchymal cells. At day 3 a distinctly yellow fluorescence (5-HT) appeared in the parenchyma but it was weak and uneven. All the nerves fluoresced green. At day 6–7 the parenchyma fluoresced strong yellow but there were clusters of cells only slightly fluorescent. Although most of the intrapineal nerves were green, a few were becoming yellowish at this age. At day 10–11 the yellow parenchymal fluorescence resembled that of the adult gland and the intrapineal nerves were distinctly yellow. The number of varicose terminals was smaller than in the adult gland. At 21 days the pineal gland appears similar to the adult gland. That the appearance of 5-HT in the parenchymal cells does not depend on its innervation is discussed.
Morphogenesis of the lacinate appendages of lepidopteran spermatozoa

Butterflies and moths produce two types of spermatozoa. One type, termed eupyrene, contains a nucleus with a haploid set of chromosomes and the other, termed apyrene, contains no nucleus. Both sperm types were examined in the testis and vas deferens and in inseminated females in several lepidopteran species, with particular reference to morphological changes in the material associated with the cell membrane. Elaborate lacinate appendages which extend from the plasma membrane of eupyrene testicular spermatozoa give way to a markedly different morphological type of extracellular material in the vas deferens. Although apyrene spermatozoa of the testis have no associated extracellular material, highly structured material appears on the cell membrane when these cells leave the testis. It is suggested that all extracellular coating material may be derived from a reaggregation of material which originally composed the lacinate appendages of eupyrene sperm.
Study of the vapor produced by intense energy deposition to materials

The power radiation and vapor formation due to intense energy deposition to materials was studied. Samples of molybdenum were subjected to series of 700 ms pulses from a 25 keV electron beam with energy fluxes of 8, 10, and 12 kW/cm2. The power radiated by the subsequent vapor cloud was measured as a function of time and position with a broad band pyroelectric detector which revealed a constant radiation profile across the entire sample. To study the cloud formation, aluminum shrouds were positioned over samples of SS 304, Cu, graphite, and other materials of interest. Electron microprobe analysis of the films deposited on the shrouds after intense energy deposition to the samples showed that the vapor was anisotropically released from the sample to form a cloud directly between the condensed phases and the heat source.
The derivative a´ la Carathe´odory

(1991). The Derivative a la Caratheodory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 40-44.
Model Reduction of Coulomb Friction Damped Systems Using Singular Perturbation Theory

This paper presents an extension of singular perturbation theory for use in the analysis of mechanical systems with dry (Coulombic) friction. Standard singular perturbation techniques cannot be applied due to the discontinuity inherent with dry friction. A methodology is developed to obtain a reduced-order piecewise-smooth model that recovers the slow motion of the system throughout the entire state space. Both a zeroth-order and a first-order approximation are obtained. The method is demonstrated successfully on a numerical example. A proof of the validity of the method is contained in the Appendix.
Anxiety Disorders and Tic Severity in Juveniles With Tourette's Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective It was hypothesized that comorbidity with anxiety disorders would predict tic severity in youths with Tourette's disorder (TD). Method Subjects were 190 youths meeting DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for TD who were consecutively referred to a pediatric psychopharmacology program between 1994 and 1997. Subjects were initially evaluated with a clinical interview and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic version. Statistical analysis used t tests, χ 2 tests, and logistic regression analysis. Results One hundred thirty-four subjects were classified as mild/moderate and 56 as severe TD cases. No meaningful differences were found in socioeconomic status, gender distribution, or age at onset of TD between the 2 groups. The 2 groups could not be differentiated by the presence of comorbid mood or disruptive behavior disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was overrepresented among the severe TD cases, the difference failed to reach statistical significance. Excluding social and simple phobias, all other anxiety disorders were more clearly overrepresented among subjects with severe TD; separation anxiety disorder most robustly predicted tic severity, irrespective of the presence of OCD or other anxiety disorders. Conclusion Findings suggest that non-OCD anxiety disorders in general and separation anxiety disorder in particular may be significantly associated with tic severity in referred TD patients.
Ab initio theoretical predictions of the equilibrium geometries of C60, C60H60 and C60F60

Abstract The recent development of a technique to obtain C 60 in macroscopic quantity has originated a flurry of experiments confirming, among other things, the existence of the icosahedral “soccerball” structure for this form of elementary carbon proposed back in 1985. Here, the equilibrium geometries and relative stabilities of the hypothetical C 60 H 60 and C 60 F 60 molecules are predicted at the Hartree—Fock level of theory employing basis sets of double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) quality. For C 60 , the geometry has also been optimized with a larger triple-zeta plus polarization (TZP) basis set. For C 60 F 60 , the 1800 basis functions DZP geometry optimization is the largest ab initio Hartree—Fock analytic energy calculation reported to date. Our results indicate that both C 60 H 60 and C 60 F 60 should be observable in the laboratory.
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults

THE nephrotic syndrome, a clinical entity characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia, may occur in the adult during the course of either a primary renal disease or a systemic disease involving the kidney. In the former group the nephrotic syndrome often appears as part of the natural course of proliferative glomerulonephritis. However, a significant number of adults without clinical or pathological evidence of glomerulonephritis may present a nephrotic syndrome. This report is concerned with an analysis of these cases of nephrotic syndrome of unknown etiology. On the basis of observations obtained by light-microscope study of renal tissue, the nephrotic . . .
Two forms of glutamine synthetase in free-living root-nodule bacteria.

Abstract Cell-free extracts of Rhizobium japonicum 61A76 contain two forms of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) which can be easily separated by isoelectric focusing. The more acid form (pI = 5.4), like the enzyme from E. coli , is stable at 50° and catalyses an ADP-dependent transferase reaction, whose inhibition by excess Mg++ can be relieved by snake venom phosphodiesterase. The more alkaline form (pI = 6.1) is labile at 50°, and catalyses and ADP-dependent transferase reaction which is strongly inhibited by Mg++ regardless of phosphodiesterase treatment. We have also observed the two forms of the enzyme in a nitrogenaseless mutant of 61A76, and in other strains of rhizobia, but only the acid form in E. coli W, A. vinelandii OP, and K. pneumoniae M 51A.
Absolute doubly differential cross sections for ejection of secondary electrons from gases by electron impact. II. 100-500-eV electrons on neon, argon, molecular hydrogen, and molecular nitrogen

Absolute doubly differential cross sections for secondary electron production by electron impact have been measured for static gas targets of neon, argon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Electron impact energies were from 100 to 500 eV. An electrostatic analyzer was used to analyze secondary electrons with energies between 4 eV and the primary electron energy minus the first ionization potential of the target. Angles of emission were 10/sup 0/ to 150/sup 0/. The present data agree well with the data of Opal, Beaty, and Peterson at 90/sup 0/ but, as was observed previously for helium, the agreement becomes increasingly poorer for larger and smaller angles. This angular disagreement, which is independent of target gas and impact energy, is approximately given by a + (1-a) sin theta, where a = 0.10 +- 0.12. Previously we compared the experimental data of Opal, Beaty, and Peterson with calculations by Manson for helium and obtained a similar correction but with a = 0.53. Recent Born-approximation calculations of Manson are compared with our 500-eV argon data. The calculations reproduce the angular distributions of the measured cross sections quite well for small secondary-electron energies. For intermediate energies the agreement is still quite good near the momentum-conservation peak butmore » poorer for large scattering angles.« less
A continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipase A2 activity in brain cytosol

Abstract Alterations in phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity have been implicated in Alzheimer disease and other neurological disorders, although brain PLA2 activity is currently measured using lengthy, non-continuous assays. We describe herein a rapid, continuous assay in which we measured PLA2 activity in mouse brain cytosol (CB-57). Brains were homogenized in HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) and the cytosolic fraction was prepared by centrifugation at 25 000×g for 20 min, followed by centrifugation of the supernatant at 100 000×g for 60 min. Cytosolic protein content was determined using the Bradford assay. Pyrene labeled phosphatidylcholine was added to 50 μg of cytosolic protein in Tris buffer (pH 8.0) containing fatty acid free-bovine serum albumin for a final assay volume of 2 ml. Assay temperature was maintained at 30±1°C. The excitation wavelength was 345 nm and emission was measured at 377 nm. Fluorescence intensity was converted to molar concentrations using a standard curve. Under these conditions, bromoenol lactone inhibited up to 58% of the PLA2 activity with an IC50 of 0.5 μM. In a separate experiment, lack of appreciable alternative acylhydrolase activity was verified chromatographically. Using this method, brain PLA2 activity can be measured in a continuous, rapid, and sensitive manner.
The conditions of existence and typomorphism of native gold in ores of the Degdekanskoe deposit (northeastern Russia) in black-shale strata

We studied the typomorphic features of native gold in orebodies with veinlet-disseminated quartz-sulfide mineralization at the Degdekanskoe deposit localized in Permian black-shale strata of the Ayan–Yuryakh anticlinorium in the upper-Yana–Chukchi folded area. With a successive HF and HNO3 dissolution of samples, the abundance of native gold intimately intergrown with sulfides (on the average, 42.1%) and carbonaceous substance was revealed. It is shown that most of its grains are small and fine (the <0.25 mm fraction averages 90.2%) and are accumulated mainly in interstices. Two gold generations have been revealed: low-medium-grade (751–840‰) (main) and high-grade (885–931‰). The zonal structure of mineralization has been established. The upper, most enriched horizons bear coarser-grained gold of the two generations, which are localized in both sulfide and silicate minerals. With depth, the total content of gold decreases, the share of sulfide gold increases, and the grain size and grade also diminish, with the low-medium-grade generation prevailing.
Meditation and Mindfulness in Clinical Practice

This article describes the various forms of meditation and provides an overview of research using these techniques for children, adolescents, and their families. The most researched techniques in children and adolescents are mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, yoga meditation, transcendental meditation, mind-body techniques (meditation, relaxation), and body-mind techniques (yoga poses, tai chi movements). Current data are suggestive of a possible value of meditation and mindfulness techniques for treating symptomatic anxiety, depression, and pain in youth. Clinicians must be properly trained before using these techniques.
Cultural contracts theory: Toward an understanding of identity negotiation

This essay introduces a nascent paradigm for exploring identity shifting and identity negotiation. Cultural Contracts Theory metaphorically explains the attitudinal and social predispositions interactants have when relating to others within and without one's own culture
Comparison of three strategies in management of independent movement of the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes.

Purpose: Concurrent irradiation of the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes is technically challenging due to treating one moving target and one immobile target. The purposes of this article are to propose a new management strategy and to compare this strategy to the conventional isocenter shift method and the previously proposed MLC-shifting method. Methods: To cope with two target volumes (one moving and one immobile), the authors propose a new management strategy referred to as multiple adaptive plans (MAPs). This strategy involves the creation of a pool of plans for a number of potential prostate locations. Without requiring any additional hardware or software, the MAP strategy is to choose a plan from the pool that most closely matches the “prostate position of the day.” This position can be determined by dual image registrations: One aligned to the implant markers in the prostate and the other aligned to the pelvic bones. This strategy was clinically implemented for a special patient with high risk prostate cancer and pathologically confirmed positive pelvic lymph nodes, requiring concurrent IMRT treatment of the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. Because this patient had an abdominal kidney, small planning margins around the both targets were desired. Using 17 daily acquired megavoltage cone beam CTs (CBCTs), three sets of validation plans were calculated to retrospectively evaluate the MAP strategy as well as the isoshifting and MLC-shifting strategies. Results: According to the validation plans, MAP, isoshifting, and MLC-shifting strategies resulted in D 95 of the prostate > 95 % of the daily dose on 65%, 100%, and 100% treatment days, respectively. Similarly, D 95 of the pelvic lymph nodal was > 95 % of the daily dose on 100%, 75%, and 94% of treatment days, respectively. Conclusions: None of the above strategies simultaneously achieved all treatment goals. Among the three strategies, the MLC shifting was most successful. Validation plans based on daily CBCTs are useful to evaluate the effectiveness of the motion management strategies and to provide additional dose guidance if further dose compensation is needed.
PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR PANIC DISORDER

Panic disorder is a common and debilitating illness in which unexpected panic episodes are the core feature. Medication treatment is of proven efficacy in this disorder. Cognitive behavioral treatment is also effective and can be administered without medication with good results. This paper reviews the techniques and strategies used in cognitive behavioral treatment and outcome results from studies utilizing this approach. The efficacy of other psychotherapeutic approaches is less well established. However, we recently conducted a study comparing cognitive behavioral treatment to an emotion focused brief psychotherapy and found them to be equivalent. We describe the theoretical background and the strategies and techniques for this treatment, and review the results of the prospective comparison.
Indoor Air Effects after Building Renovation and in Manufactured Homes

ABSTRACT Problem The objective was to measure and compare the neurobehavioral and respiratory effects of exposures to indoor air in people living in manufactured homes and occupying buildings during renovation and compare them with effects on subjects exposed to formaldehyde at work. Methods Ten people living in manufactured homes and 10 people exposed to chemicals during renovation of their offices or homes had measurements made of balance, visual fields, reaction time, hearing, grip strength, and vibration sense. Psychological measurements included cognition, recall, perceptual motor speed, long-term memory, and mood states. Results Exposures to indoor air were associated with abnormal simple and choice reaction time, abnormal balance with the eyes open and with the eyes closed, abnormalities of color confusion index, scotoma in visual fields, reduced verbal recall, digit symbol score, and elevated abnormal moods. The effects on the two groups of 10 were similar and resembled those from formaldehyde exposure but with less cognitive impairment. Conclusions Adverse effects from indoor air in manufactured homes and during renovations were less severe but similar to those from occupational formaldehyde exposures. This suggests that formaldehyde has a major role in health problems from indoor air.
Circannual rhythmicity in a non-hibernating ground squirrel, Citellus leucurus

Abstract o 1. Free-running circannual rhythms of body weight, water consumption and the appearance of scrotal testes, have been demonstrated in the non hibernating ground squirrel. Citellus leucurus. 2. The significance of this in the animal's evolution is discussed and comparisons are made with hibernators in the same genus. 3. The importance of endogenous circannual rhythms to the understanding of an animal's physiology and biochemistry is indicated.
Suffering, Selfish, Slackers? Myths and Reality About Emerging Adults

Many myths about adolescence have been re- futed by research, but similar myths have grown up in recent years around emerging adulthood. This essay ad- dresses three of those myths: the claim that they suffer from a normative "crisis"; the accusations that they are "self- ish"; and their alleged reluctance to "grow up" and become adults. For each issue, evidence is presented showing that the myths exaggerate or falsify the true experience of emerging adults.
Improvement in holographically formed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal performance through acrylated monomer functionality studies

We investigate the effect of monomer blends on the performance of holographically-formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs). Difunctional, trifunctional, and hexafunctional urethane acrylate resins are mixed in different ratios to yield monomers characterized by an effective functionality. Reflection H-PDLCs are formed using the different blends. Reflection efficiency and voltage response are measured. Monomer blends prepared with trifunctional/hexafunctional constituents are formed to yield H-PDLCs with higher reflection efficiency than their difunctional/hexafunctional counterparts, but require higher voltages to switch. Scanning electron microscope investigations are also undertaken.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Early pioneers of oral and maxillofacial radiology

Because this year (1995) is the 100th anniversary of the discovery of radiography, it is appropriate that we again describe the events surrounding one of the most exciting times in our early dental x-ray history—the discovery of radiography by Roentgen and the application of radiography to the diagnosis and treatment of dental disease. Biographic sketches of some of the more prominent early pioneers in oral and maxillofacial radiology are presented, such as those of Walkhoff, Morton, Kells, Rollins, and Raper, along with a discussion of their contributions to the field.
The Distributed Lag between Air Pollution and Daily Deaths

Many studies have reported associations between air pollution and daily deaths. Those studies have not consistently specified the lag between exposure and response, although most have found associations that persisted for more than 1 day. A systematic approach to specifying the lag association would allow better comparison across sites and give insight into the nature of the relation. To examine this question, I fit unconstrained and constrained distributed lag relations to the association between daily deaths of persons 65 years of age and older with PM10 in 10 U.S. cities (New Haven, Birmingham, Pittsburgh, Canton, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, Colorado Springs, Spokane, and Seattle) that had daily monitoring for PM10. After control for temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, day of the week, and seasonal patterns, I found evidence in each city that the effect of a single day's exposure to PM10 was manifested across several days. Averaging over the 10 cities, the overall effect of an increase in exposure of 10 microg/m3 on a single day was a 1.4% increase in deaths (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.15-1.68) using a quadratic distributed lag model, and a 1.3% increase (95% CI = 1.04-1.56) using an unconstrained distributed lag model. In contrast, constraining the model to assume the effect all occurs in one day resulted in an estimate of only 0.65% (95% CI = 0.49-0.81), indicating that this constraint leads to a substantial underestimate of effect. Combining the estimated effect at each day's lag across the 10 cities showed that the effect was spread over several days and did not reach zero until 5 days after the exposure. Given the distribution of sensitivities likely in the general population, this result is biologically plausible. I also found a protective effect of barometric pressure in all 10 locations.
Numerical Modeling of Gas Flow in Square Microchannels

In this paper, nitrogen gas flow in long microchannels with square cross section is simulated numerically with a three-dimensional continuum model. The governing equations of the model are solved by a control volume method. Numerical results are verified with analytical solutions for the range of hydraulic diameters investigated at constant L/Dh ratio of 1000 and pressure ratio of 1.0001. As the pressure ratio is small and therefore the compressibility effect is negligible in this study. A parametric study is conducted at the same L/Dh and pressure ratio. By reducing the hydraulic diameter down from 10000 μm to 0.01 μm, the gas flow inside the microchannels switches from continuum to free molecular flows. The no-slip flow simulation results provide a constant fRe = 54.8, which is very close to the analytical result of fRe = 57. Slip flow condition reduces the friction factor and starts to drop fRe at Dh = 60 μm in the continuum regime.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Systematic Review of Protein Biomarkers of Invasive Behavior in Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
An evaluation of instrumented tank rowing for objective assessment of rowing performance

The aim of this study was to evaluate instrumented tank rowing for its ability to measure objectively the individual performance components of power output and rowing skill in a sample of collegiate rowers. The measuring system utilized strain gauges and a potentiometer to measure force on the oar and its angular position at each sampling interval. Power outputs were calculated for 13 collegiate rowers tested individually during a 30‐s bout of maximal work. Results from this ‘tank test’ were compared with power measurements from both Concept II (CII) and Stanford rowing ergometers and from a Wingate test, using similar 30‐s bouts of maximal work. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were found between the tank test and all other modes of testing except the Wingate test for average power. These differences can probably be attributed to the different methods of power measurement and to the different skill‐dependence associated with the tests. For each subject, peak power and average power per stroke were measu...
Effects of morphology on photoemission oscillation measurements during growth of resonant tunneling devices

Photoemission oscillations (PEO) are measured during the growth of InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant tunneling diodes on (0 0 1) GaAs and (0 0 1) InAs substrates. PEO of the GaSb well are unresolved for growth on GaAs substrates but clearly observable for growth on InAs. AlSb barrier oscillations are observable on either substrate. The morphology of devices grown on GaAs is characterized by micron scale roughness whereas the devices grown on InAs are featureless on the same scale. Threading dislocations which terminate at the GaAs surface with a partial step are believed to influence the growth mode of GaSb but not AlSb due to the higher mobility of Ga in this system.
Gadolinium solubility in peraluminous borosilicate glasses

This paper discusses the results of a study with 18 peraluminous (Na/Al<1) borosilicate glasses to understand the effect of glass composition on Gd solubility. Above Gd solubility limit, phase separation occurs in some of the glasses; in the others, sodium gadolinium silicate crystallizes. For the samples in which phase separation occurs, Gd solubility is determined by the [AlO1.5]–[NaO0.5]–0.2[BO1.5] values in the melt. Increasing [AlO1.5]–[NaO0.5]–0.2[BO1.5] increases Gd solubility. For the samples in which sodium gadolinium silicate crystallizes, Gd solubility is determined by the concentration of Na. Increasing Na decreases Gd solubility. When Al concentration in the baseline glass is high, a minimum amount of Gd is needed to form a clear glass. Otherwise, mullite crystallizes. The minimum concentration of Gd is determined by the [AlO1.5]–[NaO0.5]–[BO1.5] value in the melt. The higher this value, the more Gd is needed to form a clear glass. In general, the solution behavior of Gd in peraluminous borosilicate melts is similar to that in peralkaline borosilicate melts.
Getting “plugged in”: A network analysis of health‐information seeking among “stay‐at‐home moms”

This report focuses on health‐oriented conversations evident in informal, interpersonal networks. This study was an investigation of the network structure, the nature of relationships, the contents of interactions, and the impact of support manifested in a “stay‐at‐home “ mothers’ toddlers’ playgroup. Diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 1983) sewed as the theoretical and organizational lens. Members’ roles, as well as characteristics of opinion leaders, were identified via sociograms and enriched with anecdotal evidence from personal interviews and participant observation. Ideas regarding how institutions can utilize this information and these networks are offered.
Scoring and lessons learned with the CSAR benchmark using an improved iterative knowledge-based scoring function.

Based on a statistical mechanics-based iterative method, we have extracted a set of distance-dependent, all-atom pairwise potentials for protein–ligand interactions from the crystal structures of 1300 protein–ligand complexes. The iterative method circumvents the long-standing reference state problem in knowledge-based scoring functions. The resulted scoring function, referred to as ITScore 2.0, has been tested with the CSAR (Community Structure–Activity Resource, 2009 release) benchmark of 345 diverse protein–ligand complexes. ITScore 2.0 achieved a Pearson correlation of R2 = 0.54 in binding affinity prediction. A comparative analysis has been done on the scoring performances of ITScore 2.0, the van der Waals (VDW) scoring function, the VDW with heavy atoms only, and the force field (FF) scoring function of DOCK which consists of a VDW term and an electrostatic term. The results reveal several important factors that affect the scoring performances, which could be helpful for the improvement of scoring f...
Medicaid Payment Levels to Dentists and Access to Dental Care Among Children and Adolescents

Context Although Medicaid removes most financial barriers to receipt of dental care among children and adolescents, Medicaid recipients may not be able to access dental care if dentists decline to participate in Medicaid because of low payment levels or other reasons. Objective To describe the association between state Medicaid dental fees in 2 years (2000 and 2008) and children's receipt of dental care. Design, Setting, and Participants Data on Medicaid dental fees in 2000 and 2008 for 42 states plus the District of Columbia were merged with data from 33 657 children and adolescents (aged 2-17 years) in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the years 2000-2001 and 2008-2009. Logit models were used to estimate the probability that children and adolescents had seen a dentist in the past 6 months as a function of the Medicaid prophylaxis fee and control variables including age group, race, poverty status, and state and year effects. The effect of fees on children with Medicaid relative to a control group, privately insured counterparts, served to separate Medicaid's effect on access to care from any correlation between the Medicaid fee or changes in fees by state and other attributes of states. Main Outcome Measure Whether a child or adolescent had seen a dentist in the past 6 months. Results On average, Medicaid dental payment levels did not change significantly in inflation-adjusted terms between 2000 and 2008, although a difference existed for some states, including in 5 states plus the District of Columbia, where payments increased at least 50%. In 2008-2009, more children and adolescents covered by Medicaid (55%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 53%-57%) had seen a dentist in the past 6 months than did uninsured children (27%, 95% CI, 24%-30%), but fewer than children covered by private insurance (68%, 95% CI, 67%-70%). Changes in state Medicaid dental payment fees between 2000 and 2008 were positively associated with use of dental care among children and adolescents covered by Medicaid. For example, a $10 increase in the Medicaid prophylaxis payment level (from $20 to $30) was associated with a 3.92 percentage point (95% CI, 0.54-7.50) increase in the chance that a child or adolescent covered by Medicaid had seen a dentist. Conclusion Higher Medicaid payment levels to dentists were associated with higher rates of receipt of dental care among children and adolescents.
Pancreatitis-Associated Ascitic Fluid Induces Hepatocyte Death Independent of Local Cytokines

Abstract Introduction. Kupffer-cell-derived cytokines mediate liver injury, yet macrophage pacification does not abolish hepatocyte injury. We undertook this study to examine the role of pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF) in liver injury. Methods. Pathogen-free PAAF was perfused into healthy rat livers in situ for 60 min (n = 5, sham = 5, LPS = 5). AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF were measured in the effluent. Primary cultures of rat Kupffer cells or hepatocytes were treated with PAAF; AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF were measured and cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. A hepatocyte human cell line (CCL-13) was treated with PAAF and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Results. Liver perfusion with PAAF induced a >15-fold increase in AST/ALT/LDH (P Conclusion. PAAF induces direct hepatocyte injury and death by heat-stable factors other than pancreatic enzymes but not via local production of Kupffer-cell-derived cytokines.
Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony

(1982). Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony. Journal of Palestine Studies: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 16-54.
Ventilatory functions of normal children and young adults—Mexican-American, white, and black. II. Wright peak flowmeter

A study was undertaken to establish the normal values of peak expiratory flow rate using the WPFM in three ethnic groups. This report is based on the testing of 1,805 healthy students 7 to 20 years of age in the Houston public schools. Significant differences of WPFR are noted among the three races, and between boys and girls. Prediction equations and regression lines are presented for each sex/race group. The performance of the WPFM is compared with that of the spirometer.
A study of speed factors in tests and academic grades.

Speeded and unspeeded tests of vocabulary, spatial relations, and arithmetic reasoning were factorially analyzed, together with certain reference tests and academic grades. Lawley's maximum likelihood method was used, the computations being carried out on the Whirlwind electronic computer. Four different speed factors were isolated, together with a second-order general speed factor. Consistent small positive correlations between the academic grades and the speed factors were found.