cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historical Archaeology in the American West: the View from Philadelphia

An apparent dearth of historical archaeological excavations in western North America is probably an artifact of perception rather than a point of necessary concern. If population and settlement differentials between eastern and western North America are recognized first, then as much historical archaeology occurs west as east of the Mississippi Valley. Perception, even if misleading, is nevertheless significant, and within historical archaeology it should draw attention to a different question. When does the West appear as a distinctive culture area, and how do the internal chronological divisions of its history structure archaeological research?
Evaluation of a novel secondary check tool for intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment planning

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and efficacy of an automated treatment plan verification, or “secondary check”, tool (Mobius3D), which uses a reference dataset to perform an independent three-dimensional dose verification of the treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculation and assesses plan quality by comparing dose-volume histograms to reference benchmarks. The accuracy of the Mobius3D (M3D) system was evaluated by comparing dose calculations from IMRT and VMAT plans with measurements in phantom geometries and with TPS calculated dose distributions in prostate, lung, and head and neck patients (ten each). For the patient cases, instances of DVH limits exceeding reference values were also recorded. M3D showed agreement with measured point and planar doses that was comparable to the TPS in phantom geometries. No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted. M3D dose distributions from VMAT plans in patient cases were in good agreement with the TPS, with an average of 99.5% of dose points showing γ5%,3mm < 1. The M3D system also identified several plans that had exceeded dose-volume limits specified by RTOG protocols for those sites. The M3D system showed dosimetric accuracy comparable with the TPS, and identified several plans that exceeded dosimetric benchmarks. The M3D system possesses the potential to enhance the current treatment plan verification paradigm and improve safety in the clinical treatment planning and review process.
Predicting outcome in low birth weight infants.

To the Editor.— We read with interest the paper by Gaylord et al,1 in which a statistical method was developed for predicting mortality in low birth weight infants. Using a multivariate linear discriminant analysis to determine the variables most predictive of death, they were able to predict mortality in infants of less than 1,500 g birth weight who developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema using only birth weight and the highest peak expiratory pressure on day 1 of life.
Recent Results from the Spitzer Space Telescope: A New View of Galaxy Morphology and Classification

The IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope has imaged two dozen nearby galaxies. The images reveal the reddening-free spatial distributions of the stellar photospheric emission and of the warm dust in the ISM. These two components provide a new framework for galaxy morphological classification, in which the presence of spiral arms and their emission strength relative to the starlight can be measured directly and with high contrast. Four mid-infrared classification methods are explored, three of which are based on quantitative global parameters (colors, bulge-to-disk ratio) similar to those used in the past for optical studies. In this limited sample, all correlate well with traditional B-band classification.
Hydrogen bonding. Part 23. Further studies on stoichiometry, stability, and structure of the lower hydrates of tetramethylammonium fluoride

Abstract Tetramethylammonium fluoride trihydrate and tetrahydrate are framework clathrate hydrates that form at 0°C; once formed these hydrates remain as stable, crystalline solids at 25°C. However, stoichiometric 4:1 and 3:1 mixtures of water and tetramethylammonium fluoride, whether prepared by evaporation of water from aqueous solution or by addition of water to pre-formed monohydrate, never crystallize at 25°C without external nucleation. Elucidation of the solid—liquid relationships of these two hydrates explains the confusing observations made in earlier preparations of the monohydrate and dihydrate. At 25°C the first solid formed on dehydration is the dihydrate which is in equilibrium with stoichiometric liquid trihydrate; the same dihydrate is obtained by dehydration of solid trihydrate. A structure is proposed for the solid trihydrate based on analogy with the recently published structure of tetraethylammonium fluoride·2.75 H2O and on infrared spectral comparison with this latter compound. Structural considerations of the monohydrate and dihydrate are also discussed.
Antitakeover devices and management efficiency: An empirical study using accounting measures

Separation of corporate ownership and control creates an environment whereby the agent (management) may pursue self-interests at the expense of the principal (stockholders). One mechanism protecting stockholders from self-interested management is the market for corporate control, or the takeover market. Antitakeover devices impede the operations of this market. This paper reports on the study of one type of antitakeover device, the supermajority nonfair price amendment. This device is particularly onerous, and if antitakeover devices do protect inefficient management as has been alluded to in the literature, then evidence of inefficiency should be observable for companies adopting supermajority nonfair price amendments.
Leaf Cell and Hierarchical Compaction Techniques

List of Figures. List of Tables. Foreword. 1. Introduction. 2. Leaf Cell Compaction. 3. Hierarchical Compaction. 4. Hierarchical Pitchmatching Compaction Using Minimum Design. 5. Virtual Interface. 6. Conclusion. References. Index.
Primary degenerative arthritis of the elbow. Treatment by ulnohumeral arthroplasty

Degenerative arthritis of the elbow is a poorly recognised condition, usually seen in a middle-aged man with an occupation or activity which involves the repetitive use of his dominant arm. Flexion contracture and pain at terminal extension are common presenting features. Fifteen patients were reviewed at a mean of 33 months after debridement by ulnohumeral arthroplasty. Fourteen had good relief of pain, elbow extension had improved by an average of 11 degrees and elbow flexion by 10 degrees. On an objective scale 12 of the 15 patients had good or excellent results and 13 (87%) felt that they were improved by the operation.
Repair of Mitral Regurgitation from Myxomatous Degeneration in the Patient with a Severely Calcified Posterior Annulus

Severe posterior annular calcification poses a particular challenge to mitral valve repair. In a series of 252 mitral valve repairs for myxomatous degeneration performed between 1980 and 1993, 14 patients had a severely calcified posterior mitral valve annulus. Ages ranged from 61 to 81 years. Twelve patients were preoperative NYHA Class III or IV, and five patients required concurrent coronary artery bypass procedures. Operative techniques included complete resection of the calcified posterior annulus, resections of portions of the posterior leaflet with leaflet advancement, and placement of an annuloplasty ring. There were no operative deaths and all patients had a postoperative echocardiographic confirmation of relief from mitral regurgitation. During a mean follow-up time of 36 months (6 months to 8 years), there has been one late valve reoperation and only one late death, from thromboembolism in a patient with atrial fibrillation. These data indicate that even in the presence of severe calcification of the posterior mitral annulus, mitral valve repair for myxomatous degeneration can be performed with a low-operative risk and satisfactory long-term results.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the occurrence of a low-temperature pseudo-cubic phase in the NbH system near NbH0.75

The phase diagram of the niobium--hydrogen system continues to be actively investigated. At low temperatures in particular, considerable uncertainty exists as to the locations of phase boundaries and the structures of the different phases. In the range of high hydrogen concentration, i.e., approximately 0.7 less than or equal to H/Nb less than or equal to 1.0, three low-temperature phases exist. These are the orthorhombic epsilon phase with ideal stoichiometry Nb/sub 4/H/sub 3/, the lambda phase with an as yet unknown structure and ideal stoichiometry Nb/sub 5/H/sub 4/, and the pseudo-cubic ..gamma.. phase with ideal stoichiometry NbH. The first measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of (93)Nb in niobium hydrides at low temperature (4.2K and 77K) are reported. These measurements reveal clearly the occurrence of a pseudo-cubic phase, i.e., one in which the Nb sites possess axial point symmetry. Since (93)Nb possesses a substantial electric quadrupole moment, its magnetic resonance spectrum is particularly sensitive to the symmetry and magnitude of the crystalline electric field (CEF) at the Nb site. At low temperatures, the random inhomogeneity of the CEF generated by the diffusive motion of the hydrogen is effectively ''frozen out,'' and well-resolved spectra are obtained as is also the casemore » at high temperature (T approx. 370K) in the orthorhombic ..beta.. phase and cubic ..cap alpha..' phase, where the hydrogen motion is sufficiently fast to average the inhomogeneity to a negligible value (2,3). At intermediate temperatures, 100K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 330K, the large inhomogeneity of the CEF causes the (93)Nb spectra to be very difficult to interpret.« less
Precision actuators for spaceborne interferometers: a tutorial

There seems to be a strong correlation between the number of moving parts on a spacecraft, and the quality and quantity of science that it can be achieved. This is especially true for applications with demanding pointing and alignment requirements like spaceborne interferometry. Unfortunately, moving parts are expensive, and the desire to add moving parts to maximize science conflicts with NASA's current climate of costs constraints. The intent of this paper is to provide the interferometer (or other mission) designer with an overview of the technical issues that confront the cost-effective design and specification of precision spacecraft actuators. First, the paper describes the capabilities and limitations of common actuator components such as bearings, prime movers, and displacement sensors. Next, the paper describes some generic actuator configurations for typical applications. Finally, the paper provides tips on how to write actuator requirements.
VUV frequency combs and fundamental limits of intracavity HHG due to ionization dynamics

Intracavity high harmonic generation utilizing femtosecond enhancement cavities enables a unique route for efficient generation of extremely coherent light in the vacuum ultraviolet. We report record power levels and describe fundamental limitations from intracavity ionization.
How Americans Viewed Their Lives in 2005

How did Americans view the state of their nation last year? Robert Blendon and John Benson summarize the results of some fifty surveys over the years that cover a range of economic and social issues. At the end of 2005, a large majority of Americans thought the economy was not faring well. Most Americans felt there were not enough jobs to be had. Yet, if 40 percent or so were worried about meeting some expense or other, the majority said their personal finances were satisfactory.
Plate Wave Characterization of Stiffness Degradation in Composites During Fatigue

Cross-ply composite specimens of metal matrix (SCS-6/Ti-6-4 [90/0] s ) and polymer matrix (graphite/epoxy AS4/3502 [0/90] s ) were subjected to tensile fatigue tests to induce stiffness degradaton. Extensional plate wave velocities in the 0, 45, and 90° directions, together with the quasi-shear wave velocity in the 90° direction, were used to characterize the degradation of the stiffness constants of each specimen during fatigue. The laminate stiffness constants in the x - and y -directions (E x ,E y ) and the shear modulus (G xy ) were determined. The laminate stiffness, E x , was also monitored through direct measurement by using an extensometer during fatigue loading. The trend in the stiffness degradation of the titanium matrix composite was identical in both measurement techniques, but the stiffness values calculated from the extensional velocity measurements were higher than those obtained from the extensometer. This discrepancy was shown to be due to microcrack closure during wave velocity measurements when the tensile stress was removed from the specimen. The graphite/epoxy specimens appeared to suffer only a small reduction in their stiffness.
Progress on the road to new nerve agent treatments.

In the 50 years since nerve agents were developed a great deal has been learned about their acute toxicity, treatment and prophylactic strategies. However, the currently fielded treatments are not significantly different from those available at the end of World War II. Reasons for this lack of progress and strategies to circumvent those intrinsic problems that have impeded progress are discussed, with emphasis on the development of scavengers to be introduced as prophylactics that will significantly reduce the effective dose and thus protect against multiple times the normal LD50.
PARATHYROID HORMONE RAPIDLY STIMULATES PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT IN PERFUSED DUODENAL LOOPS OF CHICKS : LACK OF MODULATION BY VITAMIN D METABOLITES

Intestinal tissue of normal (vitamin D-replete) chicks was analyzed for responsiveness to PTH by the criteria of phosphate transport in perfused duodenal loops and binding of iodinated hormone to isolated basal lateral membranes. Using the N-terminal fragment of the bovine hormone [bPTH-(1-34)], the peptide agonist was found to stimulate phosphate transport within 4 min of perfusion (P < 0.05), reaching 152% of the control level after 40 min of exposure to 65 pM hormone. Dose-response analyses revealed an apparent optimum between 65-650 pM bPTH-(1-34), with decreased responsiveness at 6.5 nM hormone. Perfusion of duodenal loops with 65 pM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25-(OH)2D3] also stimulated phosphate transport, although a combination of both hormones did not have additive effects. Augmented phosphate transport mediated by bPTH-(1-34) was not attenuated by simultaneous perfusion with 6.5 nM 24,25-(OH)2D3, in contrast to earlier findings with 1,25-(OH)2D3-stimulated phosphate transport. Subcellular fracti...
Evidence for sterile neutrinos which could be part of dark matter

Limitations on neutrino contribution to dark matter do not apply to the type of sterile neutrino needed to understand solar neutrino flux modulation. These neutrinos couple to active neutrinos via a transition magnetic moment, and if there is any mixing, it is extremely small, avoiding all constraints. The sterile neutrinos result from a Resonant-Spin-Flavor Precession in the convection zone of the Sun, subdominant to the LMA MSW effect, which is at a smaller solar radius. Solar neutrino fluxes measured by the Cl, Ga and Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiments reveal modulations at frequencies related to solar rotation rates. Since the solar magnetic field in the convection zone changes with solar cycle, a rotation frequency seen in GALLEX data would not appear in GNO data. An analysis lumping these data together shows the same frequency not significantly, whereas GALLEX data shows it at the 99.9% CL, using more of the experimental information. Use of insufficient information is a problem in the SK analysis, which sees at low significance the same 3 frequencies (one of rotation and two of related r-modes) we find even at the 99.9% CL when more experimental information is used. SNO looked unsuccessfully for one of these r-mode peaks, but SK data shows this very episodic process had died out before SNO turned on. The statistically significant flux modulation frequencies we observe are all associated with known solar frequencies, attesting to the existence of a sterile neutrino which could aid in understanding small-scale structure, and which might have heavier siblings playing an even larger role in dark matter.
When the wheels touch Earth and the flight is through, pilots find one eye is better than two

This study investigated the impact of near to eye displays on both operational and visual performance by employing a human-in-the-loop simulation of straight-in ILS approaches while using a near to eye (NTE) display. The approaches were flown in simulated visual and instrument conditions while using either a biocular NTE or a monocular NTE display on either the dominant or non dominant eye. The pilot s flight performance, visual acuity, and ability to detect unsafe conditions on the runway were tested.
A quantitative analysis of the ipsilateral cerebellothalamic projection following hemicerebellectomy in neonatal rats. A retrograde HRP study

Anatomical and physiological studies in adult rats following neonatal hemicerebellectomy reveal that the intact half of the cerebellum is capable of remodeling its connections to the ipsilateral thalamus. The present study investigates to what extent additional cerebellar neurons project to the ipsilateral thalamus in the remodeled pathway using a retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Left hemicerebellectomies were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats within 24 h after birth. An injection of HRP was made into the right thalamus when the animals reached adult size. Unoperated control animals were similarly injected with HRP. Labeled cells were counted in the following ipsilateral cerebellar nuclei: fastigial nucleus (FN), anterior interpositus nucleus (AIN), posterior interpositus nucleus (PIN), dorsal lateral hump (DLH) and dentate nucleus (DN). Total cell counts revealed a 4-fold increase in the number of labeled cells in the experimental group vs the control group. Significant increases in the number of labeled cells were observed in the AIN, PIN, DLH and DN; however, the number of labeled cells in the FN did not differ between the two groups. Comparison of the proportional amount of labeling, relative to each nucleus, indicates that there is a decrease in the FN and an increase in the AIN, PIN, DLH and DN. These numerical data are supported by statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test and Student's t-test, P less than 0.05). The data are supportive of the original hypothesis that the ipsilateral cerebellothalamic projection increases following neonatal hemicerebellectomy. The results also suggest that the reorganized pathway attempts to mirror the normal contralateral cerebellothalamic projection.
Diazotizable arylamine cellulose papers for the coupling and hybridization of nucleic acids

We describe the synthesis of a family of arylamine-substituted papers which can be diazotized and coupled with nucleic acids. The synthesis is simple and uses readily obtainable starting materials. A partial characterization of the nucleic acid binding activity is reported, as well as a demonstration of the utility of the activated paper for the detection of electrophoretically separated RNA by blot transfer and hybridization.
Complexity of human satellite A DNA.

Abstract Satellite A DNA of human origin having a molecular weight of eight million daltons has been isolated. This DNA species has a 51% G+C content and is composed of two kinetically distinct reassociating components. On the average the fast component is repeated 1600 times more frequently than the slow component. Nucleolar DNA appears to be significantly enriched in this satellite.
A new measure of semantic appraisal for studies of secondary rewards

Forty elementary-school children learned to discriminate among four nonsense syllables, each associated with a different reward contingency: continuous reward, nonreward, neutrality, and loss of reward. Subsequently, two forms of a verbal-association measure were administered (each child receiving one form). The syllables were rated on items relating to four semantic scales: pleasantness, understandability, curiosity, and goal-relatedness. The two forms yielded essentially the same results; relative to the neutral syllable, the rewarded syllable was rated more pleasant, more understandable, and more goal-related. The clear-cut nature of these results suggests that the new measure of semantic appraisal will be useful in many types of investigations of secondary rewards in humans.
Electron capture and target ionization in collisions of bare projectile ions incident on helium.

Absolute cross sections for the processes of single capture, transfer ionization, and single and double ionization were measured for C{sup 6+}, N{sup 7+}, O{sup 8+}, and F{sup 9+} projectiles incident on a helium target in the projectile velocity range of 0.25--2.0 MeV/amu. The cross sections were determined by measuring projectile-ion final charge states in coincidence with target recoil-ion final charge states. The single-capture and transfer-ionization cross sections were corrected for ionization from impurity charge states in the beam and for double-collision processes in the target gas cell. These corrections, which are necessary for the relative as well as the absolute cross sections, were found to be as large as 50% of the cross section. The measured cross sections are compared to the multistate, coupled-channel calculations of Shingal and Lin using an independent-electron model.
Effects of hemorrhagic hypotension on tyrosine concentrations in rat spinal cord and plasma.

Tyrosine is the precursor for catecholamine neurotransmitters. When catecholamine-containing neurons are physiologically active (as sympathoadrenal cells are in hypotension), tyrosine administration increases catecholamine synthesis and release. Since hypotension can alter plasma amino acid composition, the effects of an acute hypotensive insult on tyrosine concentrations in plasma and spinal cord were examined. Rats were cannulated and bled until the systolic blood pressure was 50 mmHg, or were kept normotensive for 1 h. Tyrosine and other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) known to compete with tyrosine for brain uptake were assayed in plasma and spinal cord. The rate at which intra-arterial (H-3)tyrosine disappeared from the plasma was also estimated in hemorrhaged and control rats. In plasma of hemorrhaged animals, both the tyrosine concentration and the tyrosine/LNAA ratio was elevated; moreover, the disappearance of (H-3)tyrosine was slowed. Tyrosine concentrations also increased in spinal cords of hemorrhaged-hypotensive rats when compared to normotensive controls. Changes in plasma amino acid patterns may thus influence spinal cord concentrations of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters during the stress of hemorrhagic shock.
Molecular phylogeny of Banza (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), the endemic katydids of the Hawaiian Archipelago.

Abstract The extant endemic katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of the Hawaiian Archipelago include one to three species per high island and a single species on Nihoa, all currently placed in the genus Banza. These acoustic insects provide an excellent opportunity for investigating the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation, but such studies require an understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the group. We use maximum parsimony, likelihood-based Bayesian inference, and maximum likelihood to infer phylogenetic relationships among these taxa, based on ∼2 kb of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b. Our results strongly support two distinct high island clades: one clade (“Clade I”) composed of species from Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai and another clade (“Clade II”) composed of species from Maui and Hawaii (Banza unica, from Oahu, may be basal to both these clades, but its placement is not well resolved). Within these clades, some inferred relationships are strongly supported, such as the sister status of B. kauaiensis (Kauai) and B. parvula (Oahu) within Clade I, but other relationships remain more ambiguous, such as the relative position of B. brunnea (Maui) within Clade II. Although a detailed reconstruction of the historical biogeography of the Hawaiian katydids is difficult, we use our genetic data combined with the known geological history of the Hawaiian Islands to set limits on plausible historical scenarios for diversification of this group. Beyond these historical biogeographic inferences, our results indicate possible cryptic speciation on both Oahu and Hawaii, as well as what may be unusually high average rates of nucleotide substitution. The present work sets the stage for future genetic and experimental investigations of this group.
Spectral signature selection for mapping unvegetated soils

Airborne multispectral scanner data covering the wavelength interval from 0.40-2.60 microns were collected at an altitude of 1000 m above the terrain in southeastern Pennsylvania. Uniform training areas were selected within three sites from this flightline. Soil samples were collected from each site and a procedure developed to allow assignment of scan line and element number from the multispectral scanner data to each sampling location. These soil samples were analyzed on a spectrophotometer and laboratory spectral signatures were derived. After correcting for solar radiation and atmospheric attenuation, the laboratory signatures were compared to the spectral signatures derived from these same soils using multispectral scanner data. Both signatures were used in supervised and unsupervised classification routines. Computer-generated maps using the laboratory and multispectral scanner derived signatures resulted in maps that were similar to maps resulting from field surveys. Approximately 90% agreement was obtained between classification maps produced using multispectral scanner derived signatures and laboratory derived signatures.
Using Partnerships to Advance Nursing Practice and Education: The Precious Prints Project

With the release of the Institute of Medicine's (2011) Future of Nursing report, nursing leaders recognized that strong academic–practice partnerships are critical to advancing the report's recommendations. Using established principles for academic–practice partnerships, a manufacturer, children's hospital, student nurses organization, and college of nursing created the Precious Prints Project (P 3 ) to give families who have experienced the death of a child a sterling silver pendant of the child's fingerprint. This article outlines the background, implementation, and benefits of the P 3 partnership with the aim of encouraging readers to consider how similar programs might be implemented in their organizations. To date, the program has given pendants to more than 90 families. In addition, nurses and nursing students have been introduced to the provision of a tangible keepsake for families experiencing the loss of a child and participation in philanthropy and an academic practice partnership.
The effect of free chlorine onEscherichia coli populations

The effect of free chlorine onEscherichia coli populations was studied by chlorination of a population of 105 cells/ml. This cell density was low enough for the free-to-combined chlorine ratio to be 6.0∶1 or greater. The predominance of free chlorine resulted in rapid and complete population death.
Commissioning results from the Large Binocular Telescope

Commissioning of a telescope facility such as the Large Binocular Telescope presents us with unprecedented challenges. The logistical and managerial balance act of scheduling commissioning of telescope, adaptive optics and twelve focal stations with subsequent commissioning of the instruments that populate the focal stations, while still providing for adequate science opportunity with already operational instruments is an equation that is problematic to solve in a way that meets the interests of all stakeholders. This paper presents strategies and priorities applied at the LBTO, and status of telescope commissioning programs. We provide a summary of telescope commissioning results, including a discussion about specific efforts to improve performance of the LBT.
Idioms—Description, Comprehension, Acquisition, and Pedagogy by LIU, DILIN

The article reviews the book "Idioms--Description, Comprehension, Acquisition, and Pedagogy," by Dilin Liu.
CHANGING THE GUARD: MALE CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN AS CO-WORKERS

Male correctional officers at four correctional facilities of differing types were surveyed concerning their attitudes toward their role as correctional officers and corrections in general. A part of this research concerned the male respondents (n = 178) and their attitudes toward working with women as correctional officers. Utilizing a stepwise multiple regression procedure several variables were found to be significantly related to a "pro-women" correctional officer attitude. These variables included the quality of the working relationship with women officers, job satisfaction, custody orientation, educational level, and prison type. Alternately, no significant relationships were found between a pro-women correctional officer attitude and the race, marital status, length of service, security level, rank, stress, or age of the male respondents.
Optimal Energy Storage Sizing and Control for Wind Power Applications

The variable output of a large wind farm presents many integration challenges, especially at high levels of penetration. The uncertainty in the output of a large wind plant can be covered by using fast-acting dispatchable sources, such as natural gas turbines or hydro generators. However, using dispatchable sources on short notice to smooth the variability of wind power can increase the cost of large-scale wind power integration. To remedy this, the inclusion of large-scale energy storage at the wind farm output can be used to improve the predictability of wind power and reduce the need for load following and regulation hydro or fossil-fuel reserve generation. This paper presents sizing and control methodologies for a zinc-bromine flow battery-based energy storage system. The results show that the power flow control strategy does have a significant impact on proper sizing of the rated power and energy of the system. In particular, artificial neural network control strategies resulted in significantly lower cost energy storage systems than simplified controllers. The results show that through more effective control and coordination of energy storage systems, the predictability of wind plant outputs can be increased and the cost of integration associated with reserve requirements can be decreased.
Thermal decomposition studies of some organophosphorus compounds

Abstract The thermal decomposition of a series of six organophosphorus compounds has been carried out using vapor phase pyrolysis-gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These studies have been made with the samples diluted with both helium and dry air using a previously described closed system. The relative decomposition rates under both atmospheres along with the observed decomposition products are discussed. A comparison is made with a previously reported decomposition mechanism.
Parosteal lipoma of the finger: Preoperative evaluation with computed tomography

Lipomas are very common benign soft tissue neoplasms arising from fatty tissue and may occur anywhere in the body. They are usually slow growing, painless masses often noted in the extremities of adult women. Occurrence in the hands and feet is unusual and those found in the digits are extremely rare. We describe a case of a lipoma presenting as a soft tissue mass of the index finger and show how computed tomography was extremely helpful in preoperative assessment by accurately defining the size of the lesion, the degree of bone involvement, and even giving indication of its underlying pathology.
Limb morphogenesis: connections between patterning and growth

Limb development is a complex process involving precise control of both patterning and growth. Great strides have been made in understanding limb morphogenesis and identifying essential patterning genes in Drosophila. Differential expression of these genes divides the future limb into territories, which will give rise to different regions of the adult appendage. Recent analyses have defined the role of territorial boundaries as organizers of both patterning and growth, highlighting the connection between these two processes. The organizing activity of territorial boundaries seems to be mediated through the activity of two locally produced morphogens: Wingless and Decapentaplegic. We propose a model in which these two molecules, distributed in a graded fashion, act in synergy to promote growth of the entire appendage. We also suggest that existence of growth inhibitors that counteract the action of Wingless and Decapentaplegic; by opposing the gradient of these growth factors, the inhibitors guide the near-uniform proliferation that shapes the imaginal discs from which the adult appendages are formed in Drosophila.
Cardiovascular responses to cocaine self-administration: acute and chronic tolerance.

The nature and the mechanism of tolerance to the cardiovascular responses to cocaine self-administration were studied in rats implanted with telemetric devices. The first infusion of cocaine (1 mg/kg/infusion) on day 1 of testing produced rapid and brief increases in mean arterial blood pressure and in heart rate. Subsequent infusions in the same session produced minimal effects. With chronic testing, there were gradual reductions in cardiovascular responses to the first infusion in the daily session and enhancements in the daily cocaine intake, with significant changes occurring by the fourth week of the testing. Following saline extinction testing (for 5 days), reinstatement of cocaine during week 6 led to a partial and short lasting (≤3 sessions) recovery from the chronic tolerance to the rapid cardiovascular responses to cocaine. There were significant enhancements in cardiovascular responses to post-session norepinephrine during week 2 and marked reductions during week 6 as compared to corresponding control responses. There were marked reductions in the cardiovascular responses to post-session tyramine tested during week 3. These data indicate that self-administered cocaine produces rapid and brief cardiovascular responses which undergo both within-session acute tolerance and a between-session, reversible chronic tolerance. Adrenergic adaptive mechanisms mediate the chronic tolerance. The development of chronic cardiovascular tolerance to cocaine temporally parallels that of the apparent tolerance to its reinforcing effects. Doses of cocaine that maintain self-administration behavior inhibit the norepinephrine transporter at peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals.
Inner Equilibrium and Economic Equilibrium: A Confucian Complement to Economic Man

Contemporary American economists are almost universally proud of their contribution to the enhancement of human welfare. They will readily and honestly dismiss the once famous nickname of economics, the dismal science. However, despite the fact that the United States economic growth in the past has been impressive, the individual actor in the economic world appears to remain a dismal creature. “Dismal” not in the Malthusian sense of population trap, but in the sense that the actor never seems to be satisfied with what he has — even though what he has has greatly increased. In other words, economic man did collectively generate the wealth of the nation, but the increased wealth does not seem to have led the majority of people individually to a more satisfying life. In the meantime, economists have begun to focus on Democracy in Deficit, The Economy in Deficit, and America's Great Consumption Binge.
Psychiatric histories of drug using mothers: Treatment implications

One hundred forty six crack/cocaine using mothers in New York City were interviewed in a cross sectional study about life histories and drug related behaviors. Forty one (28%) reported histories of previous psychiatric medication or hospitalization. These women were significantly more likely than the rest of the sample to currently be in drug treatment; to have sexual abuse histories; and to be currently involved with men who urged them to use crack during pregnancy. Within this group, two subgroups were distinguishable: one, who had been sexually abused and initiated drug use early, and the other whose psychiatric and drug use histories were not associated with sexual abuse. The implications of these findings for screening, treatment planning, and future research are discussed.
Life History of a Ponderosa Pine Coneworm, Dioryctria auranticella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Dioryctria auranticella (Grote), a coneworm that infests ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson and Lawson, and Austrian pine, P. nigra Arnold, in southeastern Nebraska is univoltine. Head capsule measurements indicate five instars. First instars apparently overwinter in hibernaculae. Second and third instars feed in male and female pine flowers during early May. Fourth and fifth instars tunnel in second-year cones for about 2-3 wk between mid-May and mid-June and often require two cones to complete development. Larvae pupate within cones during June, and adults are active from mid-June to late July. At26°C, eggs hatch in 6-9 d. Ichneumon brunneri Rohwer was the most abundant of eleven parasite species reared from cones damaged by D. auranticella .
Liquid or slurry holdup in the flow of gas-liquid and gas-slurry mixtures in vertical tubes

Abstract In a support study for the development of the Synthoil coal liquefaction process, liquid (or slurry) holdups resulting from the flow of gas-liquid and gas-coal slurry mixtures in vertical tubes were measured. The effect of the viscosity of the liquid phase, the density of the gas phase, and the tube diameter on holdup values were investigated. The results showed that slurries of coal particles (up to 27.1 wt.%) in a white mineral oil behave as homogeneous Newtonian fluids. Therefore, the results obtained for the flow of gas-liquid mixtures are equally applicable to the flow of the type of gas-slurry mixtures that exist in the Synthoil coal liquefaction process.
Physical-chemistry study of sodium silicate as a foundry sand binder

Abstract Colloidal chemistry is a tool in developing the physics and chemistry of sodium silicate as a foundry binder. A review is presented of the pertinent literature on silicate structures, hydrolysis products of silicic acids, the mechanism of polymerization of polysilicic acid in sodium silicate solutions, and factors affecting the rate of polymerization and gelation. In addition, some recent experimental results from the author's work are presented and used to support some of the theoretical concepts and to further elucidate the hardening mechanism of sodium silicate binder in foundry sands.
Big Data System for Analyzing Risky Procurement Entities

An accredited biennial 2014 study by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners claims that on average 5% of a company's revenue is lost because of unchecked fraud every year. The reason for such heavy losses are that it takes around 18 months for a fraud to be caught and audits catch only 3% of the actual fraud. This begs the need for better tools and processes to be able to quickly and cheaply identify potential malefactors. In this paper, we describe a robust tool to identify procurement related fraud/risk, though the general design and the analytical components could be adapted to detecting fraud in other domains. Besides analyzing standard transactional data, our solution analyzes multiple public and private data sources leading to wider coverage of fraud types than what generally exists in the marketplace. Moreover, our approach is more principled in the sense that the learning component, which is based on investigation feedback has formal guarantees. Though such a tool is ever evolving, a deployment of this tool over the past 12 months has found many interesting cases from compliance risk and fraud point of view across more than 150 countries and 65000+ vendors, increasing the number of true positives found by over 80\% compared with other state-of-the-art tools that the domain experts were previously using.
A model of harmful algal blooms

A standard predator-prey model is modified to incorporate a mechanism of attack by the original predator against the prey species via the production of a toxin. Those members of the prey species affected by the toxin produced by the predator are potential prey for the predator. The model is expanded to incorporate additional predator and prey. We suggest that introducing additional prey or predators of the original predator may assist in its control.
Elastic interaction between disclination loops and straight disclinations

Abstract Interaction between straight disclinations and disclination loops is studied in detail. In most of the cases, defects repel or attract or there is no interaction between the two whatever their separation may be. However, there is one relative orientation for which the defects repel or attract depending on the separation between the two. In all the cases interaction forces are either finite or zero when the defects are brought close together. Numerical results are also given.
Ultrastructural localization of the transferrin receptor and transferrin on marrow cell surfaces

Summary. The monoclonal antibody OKT9 (a known transferrin receptor antibody) and a monoclonal antibody to transferrin (ATfn) were used to localize the transferrin receptor and transferrin on marrow cells. After incubation of cell suspensions with the antibody, the cells were reacted with an affinity purified Fab fragment of goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (GAM-HRP), which was in turn visualized by reaction with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Erythroblast cell surfaces stained intensely with OKT9-GAM-HRP-DAB, weaker staining was observed on reticulocyte surfaces, whereas erythrocyte surfaces lacked staining. Staining was present on surface caveolae, which often contained endogenous ferritin particles. Moderate to strong OKT9 staining was observed on less than 10% of presumed lymphoid cells. Monocytes, macrophages, promyelocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets consistently lacked OKT9 staining. ATm-GAM-HRP-DAB staining of erythroid cells was similar to that observed with OKT9 staining; however, in contrast to the latter staining, ATfn stained the surfaces of megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes and most lymphocytes. Promyelocytes stained weakly, whereas late granulocytes lacked staining. These results indicate that the T9 transferrin receptor (1) is largely confined to erythroid cells in marrow, (2) is diffusely distributed on the surface of early erythroid cells, (3) decreases with cell maturation, and (4) is lost when haemoglobin synthesis is completed. Transferrin appears in a similar distribution on erythroid cell surfaces but also appears to bind to some cell surfaces lacking the T9 receptor.
The Age of Geoeconomics, China’s Global Role, and Prospects of Cross-Strait Integration

After noting the rise of geoeconomics in the post-Cold War era, the paper ascertains how the age of geoeconomics re-defines power and the rules of the balance of power game. Of particular significance is that a nation’s economic security eclipses its military security (or traditional national defense). In this context, I examine the meanings of the rise of a re-ascendant China for world politics in general and for Taiwan’s future in particular. Considering Taiwan’s heavy dependence on imported natural resources and its isolation and exclusion from vital international economic groupings, such as FTA’s. ASEAN, ASEM, and the 16-nation Asian super economic bloc in the marking. Finally, I take a prospective look at the prospect of a future cross-Strait integration between Taiwan and mainland China under the impact of the dictate of geoeconomics.
Fitting blockmodels to data

Abstract Whether the important conceptual advantages of blockmodelling can be practically utilized depends crucially upon the development of a satisfactory method for fitting blockmodes to data. Existing procedures suffer from several important limitations, principal among which is the lack of consensus on a measure of the goodness of fit of a blockmodel to the data it represents. In this paper I present a measure of goodness of fit, and an algorithm for finding blockmodels with maximal fit to data, that together render blockmodeling mathematically equivalent to regression analysis. To facilitate more detailed analyses, I also present measures of the degree to which individuals and their relations deviate from the overall pattern of the blockmodel of the sharpness with which each cluster is defined, and of the distances between clusters. The algorithm and measures are applied to data concerning international trade in the Western Hemisphere in two different decades.
The Effects of Race, Gender, and Fandom on Audience Interpretations of Madonna's Music Videos

In the past decade, scholars have refocused attention on the mass media audience and how it constructs ideological meaning. Both social scientific and critical analyses often assume that “expert” coding or interpretation of media content leads to the same meanings as those constructed by typical viewers. But even the most informed semiotic, narrative, or psychoanalytic “readings” of a text cannot predict the meanings that will be made by audiences in social situations different from those of the academic critic. Similarly, systematic content analyses count the incidence of certain categories of overt acts, but say little about how viewers interpret the depictions. Meanings and pleasures are not “in” texts; they are produced in the act of viewing or reading. Hall (20) argues that “reading” (viewing) a media text is an active, social process and also a site of cultural struggle. Morley’s (33, 34) seminal work on the active audience of the British news program “Nationwide” and Radway’s (37) ethnographic study of romance readers have provided empirical support for these ideas. Radway, for example, showed that although quantitative or qualitative content analysis might see romance novels as presenting very uaditional sex-role scripts, some readers use the books to subvert their own traditional sex-role positions.
Fluorinated copolyimides prepared by one-shot and stepwise monomer addition method

Copolyimides containing a hexafluoropropylidene group are prepared by the stepwise monomer addition method as well as the conventional one shot method. The stepwise addition method goes through an oligomeric imide prepolymer. The molecular weight distribution of the prepolymers approximately follows the Flory's statistical distribution in the fluorinated imide prepolymer. Except for the final molecular weight, the conventional one-shot method does not give a significant difference in the copolymer character from the stepwise method, indicating that the segmental distribution in the copolyimides is practically statistical in the present monomer combination. The observed difference in the molecular weight by the preparation method may be related to the reactivity difference of the two monomer pairs. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.