cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On limits to perception and pattern recognition

We propose certain general conditions that we believe are reasonable for any pattern recognition algorithm. We find that these conditions give rise to paradoxical identification. The algorithms are incapable of distinguishing composite patterns and must be able to distinguish patterns at an atomistic level.
Residence Time Distribution of Multiple Particles in Non-Newtonian Holding Tube Flow: Statistical Analysis

Residence times of multiple particles in aqueous solutions of carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC) in a holding tube arrangement were measured at different conditions of fluid viscosity, suspension flow rate, particle sizes and particle concentrations. Nearly neutrally buoyant polystyrene spheres were used to simulate food particles. Residence time distribution functions, E(t), applicable to lethality calculations in aseptic processing were developed along with equations to predict the mean (RTmean), minimum (RTmin) and standard deviation (RT std) of the residence times as a function of process parameters. Results showed that viscosity, flow rate and particle concentrationhad significant (a = 0.05) effects on RTmean) RT min and RT std while particle size affected only RT std. The ratio of mean residence time to minimum residence time was 1.06 to 1.16.
Imaging multispectral polarimetric sensor: single-pixel design, fabrication, and characterization

A discrete-component approach was taken to establish the operational feasibility of a novel, imaging, midinfrared, multispectral, polarimetric sensor for remote-sensing application. The sensor is designed to exploit the spectral and polarimetric characteristics of the scene as discriminants. Pixelated multispectral filters and polarization filters were designed and fabricated on sapphire and Si substrates, respectively, and both were characterized. A single-pixel spectropolarimetric composite filter was characterized by use of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a Pt-Si thermal-imaging camera. The experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
Dynamics of melting, evaporation, and resolidification of materials exposed to plasma disruptions

Abstract First wall components exposed to a high energy flux during a plasma disruption experience a sequence of processes which consists of rapid heating, melting, intense evaporation, resolidification, and cool-down. The dynamics of all these processes has an impact on both the melt layer stability and the thermal stress cycle in the component of the first wall that stays solid. The detailed time history of the temperature distribution is accurately computed by solving a two-moving-boundary problem. The time behavior of the melt layer thickness for both stainless steel and molybdenum is calculated for different disruption energies and different energy fluxes. The duration of melting, which is an important factor in determining the melt layer stability under different forces, is calculated for both stainless steel and molybdenum. The duration of the melt layer may in fact be shorter for materials with thicker melt layers. The effect of vapor shielding (the stopping of the incoming plasma ions by the vaporized wall material) on the dynamics of melting is also investigated.
Enhanced Multiple Path Lines in Magnetic EXAFS

In systematic magnetic EXAFS studies it is observed that in the Fourier transform (FT) of the dichroic signal multiple path peaks are strongly enhanced, while the corresponding maxima at higher r-values in the spin-averaged EXAFS FT are much smaller or invisible. This behavior is reflected by the occurrence of additional harmonic frequencies in the magnetic raw spectra and explains their sharper structure. These observations can be interpreted by the different strengths of the elastic scattering cross sections for parallel and anti-parallel orientation of the outgoing photo-electron wave and the spins of the magnetic electrons. This phenomenon might also play an important role in the near edge dichroism of oxides, which show characteristic oscillations superimposed on the dichroic effect.
Comparative Effects of Thromboplastin, Lecithin, and Saline on Mortality of Mice Following Experimental Burn Shock.*:

Conclusions1. Mice injected intraperitoneally with a 1% suspension of thromboplastin in isotonic saline solution showed a greater mean survival period than mice injected with either isotonic saline or with a 1% suspension of lecithin in isotonic saline. 2. Mice receiving thromboplastin showed a higher ultimate survival rate than those receiving either lecithin or saline. 3. Analysis by chi2 showed a significant difference between thromboplastin and saline but not between lecithin and saline. 4. Intraperitoneal injection of thromboplastin one hour after traumatization of the animals seemed to exert a toxic effect.
The invariant imbedding numerical method for Fredholm integral equations with degenerate kernels

Abstract Consider the Fredholm integral equation u(t, x)=f(t)+ ∫ 0 x k(t, y)u(y, x)dy, 0 ⩽ t ⩽ x , where the kernel k has the form k(t,y)= ∑ i=1 M g i (t)h i (y) 0⩽t, y . A Cauchy problem equivalent to the original integral equation is derived and validated. A general Fortran program has been written, and numerical results are displayed. Emphasis is on the inhomogeneous problem, though some remarks about the eigenvalue problem are given.
Effect of Progesterone Therapy on Embryo Survival in Cows of Lowered Fertility

Summary Sixteen repeat breeder cows out of 36 (44.4%) that were injected with 50 mg. of progesterone per day beginning 3 days after heat had normal embryos at 34 days as compared with 12 (33.3%) in an equal number of uninjected control animals. Thirty-one additional animals were injected daily with 200 mg. of progesterone. Twelve of these animals (38.7%) had normal embryos at 34 days as compared with eight (25.8%) in 31 control animals.
Grief recovery from the loss of a family business: A multi- and meso-level theory ☆

In this article I develop a multi- and meso-level theory of grief recovery time from the loss of a family business. The multi-level aspect of the model suggests how primarily micro theories of grief and sense-making can help explain grief recovery time at the family group level. The meso-level aspect of the model provides insight into recovery from the loss of a family business by proposing how grief dynamics interact at the individual level through emotional intelligence and the family group level through emotional capability. By supplementing theories of grief with those of sense-making, the model provides a deeper understanding of the grief recovery process. This model has implications for scholars and practical implications for family business members and the family unit.
Bone Marrow-Derived Pluripotent Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs) Are Mobilized After Acute Myocardial Infarction

The adult bone marrow (BM) harbors Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45- pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), which can differentiate in vitro into several lineages, including cardiac and vascular lineages. Since mobilization of stem/progenitors from the BM is a prerequisite for their participation in organ repair, we investigated whether VSELs are mobilized into the peripheral blood (PB) after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Wild-type mice (C57BL/6 strain, 6- or 15-wk-old) underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion (groups III-V, VIII-X, n=6-12/group) or a 1-hour open-chest state (sham controls, groups II and VII, n=8-12/group); mice were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h, or 7 days later and PB samples were harvested. Controls (groups I and VI, n=6/group) were sacrificed without any intervention. By flow cytometry, VSELs were barely detectable in PB under baseline conditions but their levels increased significantly at 48 h after MI, both in younger (6-wk-old) and older (15-wk-old) mice (3.33+/-0.37 and 7.10+/-0.89 cells/microl of blood, respectively). At 48 h after MI, qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly increased levels of mRNA of markers of pluripotency (Oct-4, Nanog, Rex-1, Rif1, and Dppa1) in PB cells of 6-wk-old (but not 15-wk-old) infarcted mice compared with either controls or sham controls. Confocal microscopy and ImageStream analysis confirmed that mobilized VSELs expressed Oct-4 protein, while Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45+ hematopoietic stem cells did not. This is the first demonstration that Oct-4+ pluripotent stem cells (VSELs) are mobilized from the BM into the PB after acute MI. This phenomenon may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for repair of infarcted myocardium.
Detecting time-related changes in Wireless Sensor Networks using symbol compression and Probabilistic Suffix Trees

Our research focuses on anomaly detection problems in unknown environments using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We are interested in detecting two types of abnormal events: sensory level anomalies (e.g., noise in an office without lights on) and time-related anomalies (e.g., freezing temperature in a mid-summer day).We present a novel, distributed, machine learning based anomaly detector that is able to detect time-related changes. It consists of three components. First, a Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural network classifier is used to label multi-dimensional sensor data into discrete classes and detect sensory level anomalies. Over time, the labeled classes form a sequence of classes. Next, a symbol compressor is used to extract the semantic meaning of the temporal sequence. Finally, a Variable Memory Markov (VMM) model in the form of a Probabilistic Suffix Tree (PST) is used to model and detect time-related anomalies in the environment. To our knowledge, this is the first work that analyzes/models the temporal sensor data using a symbol compressor and PST in a WSN. Our proposed detection algorithm is distributed, “light-weight”, and practical for resource constrained sensor nodes. We verify the proposed approach using a volcano monitoring dataset. Our results show that this approach yields the same performance as the traditional Markov models with much less cost.
CCD camera observations of nearby rich clusters – II. Techniques and results for A85

On a observe avec une camera CCD les regions emettrices de rayons X d'un echantillon d'amas de galaxies. L'echantillon contient au moins un amas de chacune des classes de Forman-Jones. On presente les techniques utilisees pour obtenir, reduire et analyser les donnees, ainsi que les resultats obtenus pour l'amas Abell 85
Role played by interleukin-6 in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats: Effect of femoral artery ligation

IL-6 signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r) has been shown to increase primary afferent responsiveness to noxious stimuli. This finding prompted us to test the hypothesis that IL-6 and sI...
The Merits of Training Mentors

I n research universities and colleges, mentoring is one of the most important skills for faculty because it affects both research productivity and the quality of training for undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers. Moreover, the diversity of science is dependent on the quality of mentored research, because this experience is a key to attracting underrepresented groups to science (1–5). In the past, many faculty learned skills such as mentoring on the job. In recent years, various organizations have developed training programs to help prospective and new faculty learn skills such as grant writing, laboratory management, and classroom teaching, but mentoring has been largely absent. In response to this need, we developed and evaluated a mentor-training seminar. The seminar is intended to improve mentors’ skills and to enhance the research experiences of undergraduate students. In research universities, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers often serve as the primary mentors for undergraduate researchers (see photograph, this page). This arrangement provides undergraduates with guidance from a person who is accessible and whose primary focus is laboratory work. It also provides graduate students and postdoctoral researchers with experience as mentors. Therefore, our seminar focused on training graduate students and postdoctoral researchers as mentors, but it is also suitable for developing mentoring skills of faculty.
Array probe card

By utilizing conventional IC processing techniques, a membrane probe card has been fabricated on a silicon wafer and its functionality demonstrated. The probe card was able to provide a very large number of probe tips in an array form, permanently fixed in the X-Y plane via a transparent, flexible membrane. The use of an electrical current pulse, instead of a mechanical scrubbing motion, to break down the interfacial oxide has been demonstrated. The contact resistance was about 5*10/sup -5/ Omega -cm/sup 2/. The new probe card offers smaller probe parasitics. The addition of the active test circuitry on the probe card would allow very high speed wafer level testing. >
Longitudinal relationships between self-efficacy, post-traumatic distress and salivary cortisol among motor vehicle accident survivors

The present study tested if post-traumatic distress following a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and MVA-related self-efficacy beliefs were associated with diurnal salivary cortisol in the early post-traumatic period. Cortisol was collected upon awakening and at 1, 4 and 12 h after waking. Collection days were 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after MVA. A total of 30 participants provided their cortisol samples across all measurement points. Two methods for computing the area under the cortisol curve were used. Higher post-traumatic distress at 1 month predicted lower cortisol area under the curve (AUC) with respect to increase (AUCI, reflecting changes in cortisol secretions during daytime) at 3 months. AUC with respect to ground (AUCG, reflecting total cortisol release during daytime), measured at 1 month after trauma, predicted higher post-traumatic distress at 3 months. The results showed that self-efficacy at 1 week indirectly predicted 3-month AUCI through 1-month post-traumatic distress. These findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy and post-traumatic distress in explaining longitudinal diurnal patterns of cortisol secretion after trauma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“For the Good of Our Family”: Men’s Attitudes Toward Their Wives’ Employment

As recent trends show a slowing down in married mothers’ labor force participation and continuing debate over the importance of maternal care, we explore married men’s ideologies and reality regarding their wives’ employment. Using in-depth interviews with 50 married men, we develop a typology of men’s ideal and reality: traditional (stay-at-home wife), egalitarian (working wife), expectant traditional (ideal is stay-at-home wife, reality is working wife), and expectant egalitarian (ideal is working wife, reality is stay-at-home wife). Traditional men emphasize the benefits of maternal care and importance of their own careers, but traditional expectant men are unable to earn enough money or are thwarted by their wife’s desire to work. Egalitarian men reject traditional roles, support their wife’s career, and value the benefits to children and family of maternal employment, but expectant egalitarian men find themselves in an unexpected position when their wives do not return to work after educational pursuits.
A Partial Formalization of the CMMI-DEV—A Capability Maturity Model for Development

CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a set of models—collections of best practices intended to help organizations to improve their processes. CMMI-DEV provides guidance to development organizations. This paper presents a formalization that captures definitions of a number of concepts of CMMI-DEV and relations among the concepts. The formalization is expressed in a formal language, OWL. The two main objectives for this formalization was to be consistent with the CMMI-DEV model and to be operational, i.e., to allow for an automatic determination of a development process maturity level based upon data about the practices within a given organization. The formalization is presented in a number of increments—from more general concepts to more specific. A justification for the selection of the concepts and relations is given. To assess the validity of the formalization, a number of test cases for the scenario of automatic determination of the maturity level were developed. Generic OWL reasoners were then used to derive the maturity levels. While the test results were all positive, the real value of this formalization comes from the fact that it faithfully captured the main aspects of CMMI-DEV, a well established and accepted model of the assessment of the maturity of development processes, and that a generic inference engine was able to support the appraisal of the process maturity of an organization.
From Death Anxiety to Meaning Making at the End of Life: Recommendations for Psychological Assessment

Although careful assessment and intervention for depression can improve psychological research and practice with patients at the end of life, attention to this focal problem should be supplemented by a broader evaluation of factors relevant to both risk and resilience. In particular, substantial research on the assessment of suicidality, death attitudes, and grief has yielded an array of methods for evaluating additional domains of patient and family functioning of high relevance to end-of-life care. This article discusses some of the specific advantages of assessment tools targeting each domain and provides citations to comprehensive psychometric reviews in each area.
Tracheal aspirate correlates with protected specimen brush in long-term ventilated patients who have clinical pneumonia.

Study objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether tracheal aspirate cultures correlate with protected specimen brush (PSB) cultures in the diagnosis of probable ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design: Retrospective evaluation of 52 episodes of clinical pneumonia in 38 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and PSB as well as tracheal aspirate cultures. Setting: The study took place in long-term, acute care hospital associated with a university medical school. This hospital specializes in ventilator-assisted patients. Patients: The patient population consisted of long-term ventilated patients (average ventilation time was 22 weeks; range, 4 weeks to 3 years) who presented with the clinical diagnosis of VAP (fever, increased white blood cell count, new infiltrate on chest radiograph, and bronchorrhea). No patient had received antibiotics for the preceding 5 days at the time of bronchoscopy or tracheal aspirate culture. Measurements: The tracheal aspirate and PSB culture and sensitivities results. Results: Identical organisms were recovered in both the tracheal aspirate and PSB cultures in 36 of 52 episodes of VAP (69 percent). No organism was recovered in either the tracheal aspirate or the PSB in 4 of 52 suspected episodes (8 percent). Positive bacterial cultures in the tracheal aspirate but not the PSB were found in 8 of 52 (15 percent) episodes. In 3 of 52 episodes (6 percent), 1 isolate of pathogenic bacteria was found on PSB and 2 were found on tracheal aspirate cultures. However, all three isolates had the similar antibiotic sensitivities. In the final episode, the PSB culture grew an organism that was not present in the tracheal aspirate culture (2 percent). When comparing the tracheal aspirate with the PSB, the following were calculated: sensitivity =97.7 percent; specificity =50 percent; positive predictive value =91.3 percent; and negative predictive value =80 percent. Conclusion: Tracheal aspirate cultures correlate with PSB cultures in patients receiving long-term ventilation who have clinical pneumonia, and they can be used to direct initial antibiotic therapy in this group of patients.
Alternative Translation Initiation of Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

DA strain and other members of the TO subgroup of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) produce a chronic demyelinating disease in which the virus persists but has a restricted expression. We previously reported that TO subgroup strains, in addition to synthesizing the picornaviral polyprotein, use an alternative initiation codon just downstream from the polyprotein’s AUG to translate an 18-kDa protein called L* that is out of frame with the polyprotein (H. H. Chen et al., Nat. Med. 1:927–931, 1995; W. P. Kong and R. P. Roos, J. Virol. 65:3395–3399, 1991). L* is critically important for virus persistence and the induction of the demyelinating disease (Chen et al., 1995; G. D. Ghadge et al. J. Virol. 72:8605–8612, 1998). We have proposed that variations in the amount of translation initiation from the L* AUG versus the polyprotein AUG may occur in different cell types and therefore affect the degree of expression of viral capsid proteins. We now demonstrate that ribosomal translation initiation at the polyprotein’s initiation codon affects initiation at the L* AUG, suggesting that ribosomes land at the polyprotein’s initiation codon before scanning downstream and initiating at the L* AUG. We also find that the viral 5′ untranslated region affects utilization of the L* AUG. Surprisingly, mutant DA cDNAs were found to be infectious despite the presence of mutations of the polyprotein initiation codon or placement of a stop codon upstream of the L* AUG in the polyprotein’s reading frame. Sequencing studies showed that these viruses had a second site mutation, converting the reading frame of L* into the polyprotein’s reading frame; the results suggest that translation of the polyprotein during infection of these mutant viruses can be initiated at the L* AUG. These data are important in our understanding of translation initiation of TMEV and other RNAs that contain an internal ribosome entry site.
Host and bacterial factors in listeriosis pathogenesis

Members of the Genus Listeria are ubiquitous environmental saprophytic microorganisms. If ingested they can cause a severe disseminated disease (listeriosis) that has a high mortality rate, the highest of any food-borne pathogen, even with antibiotic therapy. Central to the high mortality rate is the hallmark characteristic of the microorganism to grow intracellularly. The presence of listeriae in food processing plants has resulted in many outbreaks of human disease and large scale recalls of processed foods. Despite the ubiquity of the microorganism, the actual disease rate (those animals showing disease signs over those exposed) is quite low and disease is almost always associated with an underlying predisposition (pregnancy being the most common in otherwise normal individuals). There are many features of the pathogenesis of listeriosis that have remained mysterious despite the extensive use of the microorganism in the study of cell-mediated immunity and intracellular growth. Informational advances such as the sequence of the mouse and listerial genomes, and technical advances such as the discovery of listeria-susceptible mouse strains, may renew interest in the study of the natural pathogenesis of the disease. This may be further facilitated by studies that employ the natural inoculation route and mimic common predisposing conditions witnessed in victims of natural outbreaks.
Proximal Femoral Anatomy of Australopithecus

BECAUSE of the importance of the femur in the gait of bipeds, it is surprising that only moderate attention has been paid to the samples of proximal femora of Australopithecus for which published descriptions and/or casts are now available (STS-14, SK-82, SK-97 and OH-20). In descriptions of these specimens, several morphological features have been claimed to separate them significantly from later Pleistocene hominids1–4. We consider that only two features may lie outside the normal range of variation of Homo sapiens.
Labeling Geo-Referenced Information in Support of Data Sharing and the Facilitating of Societal Benefits of Earth Observations

The rapid development of analysis tools, such as Geographic Information Systems and web-based tools for viewing, accessing, and analyzing of geo-referenced information, and the growing abundance of openly available Earth observations will increase the already large dependency of science and society on geo- referenced information. However, most geo-referenced information comes without sufficient information on quality and applicability. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) has embarked on establishing a so-called GEO Label that would provide easy-to-understand, globally available information on aspects of quality, user rating, relevance, and fit-for-usage of the products and services accessible through the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). There is a wide range of potential goals for the GEO Label including an attractive incentive for involvement; promotion of data sharing; creating trustworthiness; and providing information on usage. Here we propose a tri-faceted label that combines quality, user feedback, and relevance.
Characterization of ANKRA, a Novel Ankyrin Repeat Protein that Interacts with the Cytoplasmic Domain of Megalin

Ankyrin-repeat family A protein (ANKRA) is a novel protein that interacts directly and specifically with the cytoplasmic tail of megalin in the yeast two-hybrid system and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays. ANKRA has three ankyrin repeats and shows 61% overall homology to regulatory factor X, ankyrin repeat-containing protein. Mapping studies show that the three ankyrin repeats and C-terminus of ANKRA are required for binding to a unique juxtamembrane, 19-amino acid sequence on the megalin tail. Point mutational analysis reveals that a proline-rich motif (PXXPXXP) within this region is the site of ANKRA binding. ANKRA interacts with megalin but not with low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein, in keeping with the fact that the sequence of the megalin tail is unique. By cell fractionation, ANKRA is found both in the cytosol and associated with membranes enriched in megalin in L2 cells and proximal tubule cells. By immunofluorescence, ANKRA is concentrated near megalin along the plasma membrane of L2 cells and in the kidney cortex is expressed in glomerular and proximal tubule epithelia which also express megalin. These observations suggest that ANKRA may play a unique role in megalin's function as a clearance receptor in the kidney and L2 cells. In addition, ANKRA may have other partners because northern blot analysis reveals that ANKRA is more broadly expressed than megalin, and by immunofluorescence ANKRA is also expressed in connecting tubule cells and principal cells of collecting ducts.
Non-invasive detection of thermal effects due to highly focused ultrasonic fields

A noninvasive technique for the localization and evaluation of thermal effects in tissue due to focused high intensity ultrasound beams is described. A combined therapy/imaging transducer assembly is used to deliver a specific dose (ultrasound time-intensity product) to a tissue sample and to gather A-mode data as a function of time. In-vitro experiments performed on calf liver and in-vivo experiments performed on rat brains and liver have shown the following: 1. Reflection coefficients calculated based on a low-order autoregressive (AR) tissue model assumption and signal entropy follow the temperature rise at the heating point; 2. Heated region size and position can be monitored with high accuracy. Such information could be used effectively for feedback purposes during a rapid heating hyperthermia or ultrasound surgery procedure
Ab Initio Study of the Sub-threshold Electron Transport Properties of Ultra-scaled Amorphous Phase Change Material Germanium Telluride

The sub-threshold electron transport properties of amorphous (a-) germanium telluride (GeTe) phase change material (PCM) ultra-thin films are investigated by using ab initio molecular dynamics, density function theory, and Green’s function simulations. The simulation results reproduce the trends in measured electron transport properties, e.g. current-voltage curve, intra-bandgap donor-like and acceptor-like defect states, and p-type conductivity. The underlying physical mechanism of electron transport in ultra-scaled a-PCM is unraveled. We find that, though the current-voltage curve of the ultra-scaled a-PCM resembles that of the bulk a-PCM, their physical origins are different. Unlike the electron transport in bulk a-PCM, which is governed by the Poole-Frenkel effect, the electron transport in ultra-scaled a-PCM is largely dominated by tunneling transport via intra-bandgap donor-like and acceptor-like defect states.
Educational design research: Signs of progress

This special issue of the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology includes an introductory article by the guest editors and six papers that illustrate the potential of educational design research (EDR) to address important problems in higher education. In this final paper, reflections on the papers are made. Then the rationale for conducting EDR instead of media comparison studies is described with a concrete example. This paper concludes with a proposal for expanding educational design research through the establishment of consortia of collaborating researchers, practitioners, and funding agencies focused on the most salient challenges faced in education today.
Real-time manhattan world rotation estimation in 3D

Drift of the rotation estimate is a well known problem in visual odometry systems as it is the main source of positioning inaccuracy. We propose three novel algorithms to estimate the full 3D rotation to the surrounding Manhattan World (MW) in as short as 20 ms using surface-normals derived from the depth channel of a RGB-D camera. Importantly, this rotation estimate acts as a structure compass which can be used to estimate the bias of an odometry system, such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and thus remove its angular drift. We evaluate the run-time as well as the accuracy of the proposed algorithms on groundtruth data. They achieve zerodrift rotation estimation with RMSEs below 3.4° by themselves and below 2.8° when integrated with an IMU in a standard extended Kalman filter (EKF). Additional qualitative results show the accuracy in a large scale indoor environment as well as the ability to handle fast motion. Selected segmentations of scenes from the NYU depth dataset demonstrate the robustness of the inference algorithms to clutter and hint at the usefulness of the segmentation for further processing.
The Environmentally Assisted Failure of Cusil in Mattsson's Solution

Abstract The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of a CuAg eutectic (∼72% Ag) has been investigated in Mattsson's solution. The first stage in the environmentally assisted fracture process consists of preferential dissolution of copper from the eutectic, leaving a brittle, Ag-rich outer layer. The dissolution process is controlled by diffusion through this porous outer region. In the second stage, as the true tensile stress of the unattacked portion exceeds the ultimate tensile strength, fracture occurs by ductile rupture.
A Note on Management Communication: Module Three

This note is an introduction to the first-year course Management Communication Module Three. See also "A Note on Management Communication Module One" (UVA-BC-0168), "A Note on Management Communication Module Two" (UVA-BC-0169), and "A Note on Management Communication Module Four" (UVA-BC-0171).
Competitive Protein Binding Assay of Camp1 Using Thyroid Cytosol

Abstract We describe here a competitive protein-binding assay (CPBA) of cAMP which employs a crude thyroid cytosol preparation as the ligand-binding reagent. The affinity constant (Ka) of the binding of cAMP to the thyroid receptor varied between 1 and 4 × 109 M−1 in the assay. ATP, ADP and AMP did not interfere in the assay. Cross -reaction of cGMP, 1.8%, and that of cIMP, 36%, were comparable to those observed with previously described CPBAs of cAMP. The range of the assay standard curve was 0.5—20.0 pmoles per tube. Coefficient of variation was 8.3% within an assay and 8.7% between assays. The assay was applied to measurement of cAMP in biologic fluids and tissues. The results were comparable to those obtained with previous methods.
Epicardial adipose tissue and atherogenesis: EAT your heart out.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly recognized among HIV-infected patients, and carefully performed cohort studies show increased relative risk ratios of 1.5–2.0 [1,2]. Moreover, these studies suggest that traditional risk factors, while accounting for some degree of this increase in relative risk, do not account for all or even a major portion of the increased risk [1]. Insights into the mechanisms of this disease have been forthcoming from imaging studies, in which increased noncalcified plaque has been shown among HIV-infected men and also in HIV-infected women compared with age and BMI-matched controls [3,4]. This observation is significant because noncalcified plaque may be more vulnerable and prone to rupture. In contrast, although calcium score is itself a marker for increased CVD risk, it may represent a process by which plaque becomes more fibrotic and mechanically more stable, and thus, less prone to rupture. Recent studies assessing detailed measures of plaque morphology take these observations one step further and suggest that HIV-infected patients (men in this instance), demonstrate increased features of high-risk morphology plaque, including positive remodeling and low attenuation, fatty lesions [5]. In prior studies, traditional risk factors, such as age, hypertension, cholesterol and Framingham score, were shown to segregate more with calcified plaque, and non-traditional risk factors, such as increased immune activation indices (sCD163 and sCD14), with noncalcified plaque and high-risk morphology plaque [3,5]. Moreover, recent studies suggest increased arterial inflammation in HIVinfected patients, a reflection of macrophage infiltration,
Aggregation Behavior in the Martin Mite, Dermanyssus Prognephilus (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

Aggregation in the martin mite, Dermanyssus prognephilus Ewing, involves both tactile and chemical stimuli. Involvement of tactile stimuli was demonstrated by responses to sand grains. Involvement of chemical stimuli was demonstrated by (1) behavior of mites when joining or initiating an aggregation, (2) response of mites to previous aggregation sites, and (3) involvement of a presumed chemoreceptive site (tarsi I) in aggregation responses. Tarsal amputation experiments demonstrated that the principal chemoreceptors mediating aggregation are located at the tips of tarsi I, and that tactile receptors are located elsewhere. An aggregation pheromone appears to be produced by mites that have become akinetic, operates over distances up to approximately I cm and causes reduced locomotion leading to akinesis. Aggregation behavior may influence kinetic orientation responses and may serve to bring the sexes together, reduce predation by sedentary predators, increase host-finding success, reduce water loss, and promote retention of mites within a nest.
The Design of Useful Article Exclusion: A Way Out of the Mess

This article claims that the numerous approaches to the design of useful article exclusion and its central problem of separability, though varied, share a fatal common trait: They fail to examine and serve the policy rationale of the doctrine. I argue that the sole sensible policy rationale for the design of useful article exclusion is to bar copyright protection in ideas. Under the idea-expression dichotomy, the grant of intellectual property monopolies in ideas requires satisfying the more exacting novelty and nonobviousness thresholds of the patent regime. An outgrowth of the idea-expression dichotomy, the merger doctrine bars copyright in expression when protecting expression would lead to a copyright in ideas. This could occur if there exist few forms of expression capable of efficiently effectuating an idea. Useful articles are functional manifestations of ideas. Their underlying idea is what enables them to function — in short, their use. The range of possible designs for a given useful article is constrained because the design must not interfere with the article’s functionality and its mass production. Because their range is constrained, designs of useful articles are particularly susceptible to a merger problem. The only sensible policy rationale of the DUA exclusion is to address this particularly acute merger problem by policing the border between patent and copyright and channeling the protection of functional ideas from copyright to patent. DUA doctrine should be fashioned to serve this central policy rationale: The design of a useful article should be copyrightable unless copyrighting the design would inhibit the efficient production of the article in a way that preserves its useful attributes. This reading of the DUA exclusion is the only one that makes policy sense. It is also permissible as a matter of sound statutory interpretation.
Complications of orbital surgery

This article discusses the various complications of orbital surgery. Prevention, both preoperative and postoperative, as well as treatment is described.
A development of a GSM-CFD solver for non-Newtonian flows

Abstract An incompressible GSM-CFD solver based on the gradient smoothing method (GSM) is developed for solving non-Newtonian fluids in this paper. Node-based and edge-based smoothing domains are constructed to approximate the first- and second-order derivatives in the strong form Navier-Stokes equations. The non-Newtonian constitute law is implemented by using a generalized Newtonian fluid model with viscosity obeying the power-law. The widely used benchmark problem of flow past a circular cylinder is analyzed to validate the proposed solver by comparing it with numerical and experimental results available in the literature. The detailed comparison study on the results of wake length, separation angle and the drag coefficient demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the present GSM-CFD solver. Our study also revealed the strong dependence of the flow behavior on the power index.
Evaluation of the ADHD Rating Scale in Youth with Autism.

Scientists and clinicians regularly use clinical screening tools for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to assess comorbidity without empirical evidence that these measures are valid in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined the prevalence of youth meeting ADHD criteria on the ADHD rating scale fourth edition (ADHD-RS-IV), the relationship of ADHD-RS-IV ratings with participant characteristics and behaviors, and its underlying factor structure in 386, 7–17 year olds with ASD without intellectual disability. Expected parent prevalence rates, relationships with age and externalizing behaviors were observed, but confirmatory factor analyses revealed unsatisfactory fits for one-, two-, three-factor models. Exploratory analyses revealed several items cross-loading on multiple factors. Implications of screening ADHD in youth with ASD using current diagnostic criteria are discussed.
JPSS-1 VIIRS reflective solar band on-orbit calibration performance impacts due to SWIR nonlinearity artifacts

The Joint Polar Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) is the follow on mission to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and provides critical weather and global climate products to the user community. A primary sensor on both JPSS-1 and S-NPP is the Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) with the Reflective Solar Band (RSB), Thermal Emissive Band (TEB) and Day Night Band (DNB) imagery providing a diverse spectral range of Earth observations. These VIIRS observation are radiometrically calibrated within the Sensor Data Records (SDRs) for use in Environmental Data Record (EDR) products such as Ocean Color/Chlorophyll (OCC) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Spectrally the VIIRS sensor can be broken down into 4 groups: the Visible Near Infra-Red (VNIR), Short-Wave Infra-Red (SWIR), Mid- Wave Infra-Red (MWIR) and Long-Wave Infra-Red (LWIR). The SWIR spectral bands on JPSS-1 VIIRS have a nonlinear response at low light levels affecting the calibration quality where Earth scenes are dark (like oceans). This anomalous behavior was not present on S-NPP VIIRS and will be a unique feature of the JPSS-1 VIIRS sensor. This paper will show the behavior of the SWIR response non-linearity on JPSS-1 VIIRS and potential mitigation approaches to limit its impact on the SDR and EDR products.
A hint of Orient in an Americana collection: Investigations into Chinese export furniture at Winterthur Museum

This paper discusses an ongoing treatment and research project focused on a group of black lacquer furniture created in China during the late eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, now in the Winterthur Museum collection in Delaware, USA. Funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) allowed for a two-year collaborative project encompassing treatment and analytical study of a selection of six objects, of which three are illustrated here. Data from pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed a hitherto undetected separate urushiol lacquer–layer applied on top of a laccol layer on a center table and a six-panel screen.
The Information Age, Virtual Reality, and the Bigger Picture

Abstract This chapter provides a physicist's view of the convergence of physics, digital science, the Internet, virtual reality theory, and the social-ethical evolution of humanity. It reinterprets our material universe as a digital virtual reality, and then explores the logical consequences of such an interpretation. These consequences describe a blurring of the boundary between physics and metaphysics that leads to an overarching theory of consciousness that subsumes both physics and metaphysics as well as offers major new insights into philosophy and theology. Eventually, we end up with a theory of everything (TOE)—everything objective and everything subjective—wherein consciousness is the only thing that is fundamental—all else being the logical consequences of consciousness. As radical as this may seem, recasting our physical universe as an information-based virtual reality is an idea that is quickly gaining support among physicists globally. This remarkable change of viewpoint about the nature of reality is not the result of a philosophical change among scientists, but rather is being forced upon physicists by the results of their experiments. No other theory explains the experimental evidence so well or as thoroughly as virtual reality. In the words of Mark Twain: “Truth Is Stranger than Fiction, Because Fiction Is Obliged to Stick to [our limited understanding of the] Possibilities; Truth Isn't.”
Hometown Religion: Regimes of Coexistence in Early Modern Westphalia: Luebke, David M. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press 312 pp., $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8139-3840-0 Publication Date: February 2016

The Reformation in Westphalia is known for the disastrous and short-lived 1535 Anabaptist Reformation in Munster. David Luebke, professor of history at the University of Oregon, has now brought to ...
Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Leg Vascular Function in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether 60 mins of intermittent pneumatic compression therapy (IPC) could acutely increase leg blood flow-induced shear stress and enhanc...
Interactions of 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene derivatives with telomeric G-quadruplex DNA.

The development of small molecules to stabilize the G-quadruplex structure has garnered significant attention for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we report the synthesis of several 4,4′-diaminoa...
MODIFICATION OF NON-NEWTONIAN MYCELIAL FERMENTATION BROTH THROUGH CONFINEMENT OF GROWTH USING MICROSCOPIC BEADS

ABSTRACT Penicillium chrysogenum was successfully grown on porous celite beads in suspension culture. Remarkably high cell densities up to 60 g/L were obtained on the beads. Inoculation was effected by entrapping spores in the beads. The subsequent growth of hyphae through the pore matrix of the beads provided anchorage for the cells. The structure of the growth particles was characterized in terms of size and porosity. It was possible to maintain normal specific oxygen uptake rates of the cells in the growth particle within limits defined by the mycelial loading on the beads.
Microfin Tube Technology — the Effects of Spiral Angle on Evaporative Heat Transfer Enhancement

The in-tube evaporation heat transfer of HFC-134a was examined for a smooth tube and five mnicrofin tubes. The heat transfer coefficient in the smooth tube was compared with four correlations. The Yoshida correlation wvas found to be the best in annular flow, and the Kandlikar correlation (with FK= 2.33) was the best in stratified flow, but the latter needs clarification for its applicability to the low quality range, because of the strong nucleate boiling effect cused by the large value of FK. The effect of the spiral angle of microfin tubes was investigated to determine the optimal spiral angle. Spiral angles of 66. 12, 18. 25 and 44 degrees were tested at constant mean diameter, 8.71 mnm (0.343 in.) and number of fins. 60. The optimal spiral angle was found to be mainly dependent 0n the mmmaSs flux, and was 18 degrees for a mass flux of G=50 kg/m2 .s (36.865 lbm/ft2.), 6 degrees for G=100 kg/m2 .s (73,730 lbm/ft2.h), and 6 or 18 degrees for G=200 kg/m2.s (147,460 lbm/ft2.h).
Rights and Needs: Rethinking the Connections in Debates over Reproductive and Sexual Rights

t the March 1999 Preparatory Committee Meeting for the United Nations General Assembly Special Session's five-year review of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD+5), the "pro-family" newspaper Vivant! published a feature artiele, replete with statistical data and graphics, condemning the "flawed human rights-based approach to health."' Central to the article's attack was an argument embracing the discourse of "basic needs" as a framework ethically and socially superior to that of human rights. Associating such infrastructural conditions as safe water and nutrition with the "needs" approach and reproductive and sexual health with the "rights" approach, it alleged that "indiscriminate funding for the ICPD's idealistically high standards of reproductive and sexual health rights" had caused "underfunding and deterioration of more basic, practicable and affordable health needs" (emphasis added). The article further insinuated that such "flawed" priorities reflect a Western agenda (read, of Western feminists) with a blatant disregard for the genuine needs and priorities of women in the South.2 One does not have to defend the deplorable record of the U.S. government and U.S.-based corporations with regard to Southern women's health needs to see that this rhetoric has a primary strategic aim: to demonstrate the
HIV Health Care Providers as Street-Level Bureaucrats: Unreflective Discourses and Implications for Women’s Health and Well-Being

ABSTRACTClient-provider relationships have significant effects on how individuals comprehend their life situation during chronic disease and illness. Yet, little is known about how frontline health care providers (HCPs) influence client’s identity formation through meaning-making with clients such as HIV-positive women living in poverty. This requires ethical consideration of the meanings made between clients and providers about client’s health and well-being, both individually and in the larger society. Health care providers (N = 15) and married women living with HIV (N = 33) in north-central India engaged in separate intensive interviews providing narrative data which were analysed using a conceptual framework crossing Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy theory (Lipsky 2010) with meaning-making processes. HCPs and women construct meanings of women’s role as caregivers that impact women’s sense of identity, health, and well-being. Findings indicate that despite being well-intentioned, HCPs inadvertently re...