cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Holocene environmental reconstruction using cave sediments from Belize

Cave sediments collected from Reflection Cave on the Vaca Plateau, Belize show variations in the δ 13 C values of their fulvic acids (FAs), which indicate periods of vegetation change caused by climatic and Maya influences during the late Holocene. The δ 13 C values range from −27.11‰ to −21.52‰, a shift of ∼5.59‰, which suggests fluctuating contributions of C3 and C4 plants throughout the last 2.5 ka, with C4 plant input reflecting periods of Maya agriculture. Maya activity in the study area occurred at different intensities from ∼2600 cal yr BP until ∼1500 cal yr BP, after which agricultural practices waned as the Maya depopulated the area. These changes in plant assemblages were in response to changes in available water resources, with increased aridity leading to the eventual abandonment of agricultural areas. The Ix Chel archaeological site, located in the study area, is a highland site that would have been among the first agricultural settlements to be affected during periods of aridity. During these periods, minimal water resources would have been available in this highly karstified, well-drained area, and supplemental groundwater extraction would have been difficult due to the extreme depth of the water table. © 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved.
Geodesic entropic graphs for dimension and entropy estimation in manifold learning

In the manifold learning problem, one seeks to discover a smooth low dimensional surface, i.e., a manifold embedded in a higher dimensional linear vector space, based on a set of measured sample points on the surface. In this paper, we consider the closely related problem of estimating the manifold's intrinsic dimension and the intrinsic entropy of the sample points. Specifically, we view the sample points as realizations of an unknown multivariate density supported on an unknown smooth manifold. We introduce a novel geometric approach based on entropic graph methods. Although the theory presented applies to this general class of graphs, we focus on the geodesic-minimal-spanning-tree (GMST) to obtaining asymptotically consistent estimates of the manifold dimension and the Re/spl acute/nyi /spl alpha/-entropy of the sample density on the manifold. The GMST approach is striking in its simplicity and does not require reconstruction of the manifold or estimation of the multivariate density of the samples. The GMST method simply constructs a minimal spanning tree (MST) sequence using a geodesic edge matrix and uses the overall lengths of the MSTs to simultaneously estimate manifold dimension and entropy. We illustrate the GMST approach on standard synthetic manifolds as well as on real data sets consisting of images of faces.
2-D FIR discrete bidiagonal filters: Minimal circuit and state space realization

In this paper 2-D circuit and state space realizations are presented for FIR bidiagonal discrete 2-D filters/systems. The proposed state space realization is based on the corresponding circuit implementation. For the state space realization the classical 2-D model of the Roesser type was used. The dimension of the state vector and the number of delay elements are minimal. Two examples are presented to illustrate the proposed results.
Computational Heat Transfer in Complex Systems: A Review of Needs and Opportunities

During the few decades, computational techniques for simulating heat transfer in complex industrial systems have reached maturity. Combined with increasingly sophisticated modeling of turbulence, chemistry, radiation, phase change, and other physics, powerful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational heat transfer (CHT) solvers have been developed which are beginning to enter the industrial design cycle. In this paper, an overview of emerging simulation needs is first given, and currently-available CFD techniques are evaluated in light of these needs. Emerging computational methods which address some of the failings of current techniques are then reviewed. New research opportunities for computational heat transfer, such as in submicron and multiscale heat transport, are reviewed. As computational techniques and physical models become mature, there is increasing demand for predictive simulation, that is, simulation which is not only verified and validated, but whose uncertainty is also quantified. Current work in the area of sensitivity computation and uncertainty propagation is described.
Investigating the secretome: lessons about the cells that comprise the heart.

The cell/environment interface is composed of the proteins of plasma membrane which face the extracellular space and by the proteins secreted directly by the cell of origin or by neighboring cells. The secreted proteins can act as extracellular matrix proteins and/or autocrine/paracrine proteins. This report discusses the technical aspects involved in the identification and characterization of the secreted proteins of specific cell types that comprise the heart. These aspects include the culturing of the cells, cell co-culturing and quantitative labeling, conditioned media collection and dealing with high abundant serum proteins, post-translational modification enrichment, the use of protein separation methods and mass spectrometry, protein identification and validation and the incorporation of pathway analysis to better understand the novel discovery on the background of already known experimental biological systems. The proteomic methods have the solid emplacement in cardiovascular research and the identification of proteins secreted by cardiac cells has been used in various applications such as determination the specificity between secretomes of different cell types, e.g. cardiac stem cells and cardiac myocytes, for the global secretome screening of e.g. human arterial smooth muscle cells, for the mapping of the beneficial effect of conditioned medium of one cell type on the other cell type, e.g. conditioned medium of human mesenchymal stem cells on cardiac myocytes, and for the searching the candidate paracrine factors and potential biomarkers.
CONSTANCY OF DNA CONTENT IN ADRENAL MEDULLA NUCLEI OF COLD-TREATED RATS

Reports of changes in DNA content of certain types of cells following exposure to conditions of stress has led to the suggestion that two kinds of DNA may be present. One is genetic DNA, and the other is called "metabolic" DNA. In a further attempt to investigate the possibility of this phenomenon, determinations of DNA content were made on Feulgen-stained nuclei of adrenal glands and kidneys in cold-treated rats. Feulgen-stained nuclei were measured by two-wavelength microspectrophotometry. Particular attention was given to the handling of the smears in hydrolysis and staining. Mean values of Feulgen-DNA contents in a total of 720 nuclei demonstrated (a) a constancy of DNA content within 2% in individual nuclei both in adrenal medulla and kidney cortex, (b) no more than an average of 2% difference in DNA content between control and experimental nuclei, and (c) no more than an average of 1.5% difference in DNA content between normal kidney cortex nuclei and normal adrenal medulla nuclei. These results confirm the view that the more precise the measurement, the more accurately the constancy rule is obeyed. Moreover, there is no support for the concept of a metabolic DNA in the rat adrenal medulla.
Explaining Public Support for the Environmental Movement: A Civic Voluntarism Model*

Objective. The literature on environmentalism includes many more studies of environmental concern than of the public's practical support for the environmental movement. This article develops several categories of predictors of such support from the civic voluntarism model of Verba and associates. Methods. These predictors are tested with data from the 2000 General Social Survey, which included a special module of items on environmental attitudes and activities. Results. Findings generally suggest the utility of the civic voluntarism model for explaining public support for the environmental movement. Additional analysis attempts to untangle reasons for gender and racial differences in the level of this support. Conclusion. This study elucidates several predictors of practical support by the U.S. public for the environmental movement that merit further attention. Such research should pay attention to the proper operationalization of the kind of movement participation studied here.
Performance analysis of subspace projection techniques for FM interference rejection in GPS receivers

Subspace projection techniques are effective in excising FM interferers in GPS receivers. The FM jammers are instantaneously narrowband and have clear time-frequency (t- f) signatures that are distinct from the GPA C/A spreading codes. The instantaneous frequency (IF) estimate, provided by the time-frequency distribution, or any other estimator, is used to form the jammer subspace. The interference rejection is implemented by projecting the received data onto the orthogonal subspace of the jammer subspace. Errors in IF estimations, however, perturb the projection matrix and allow some of the jammer power to escape the projection operation. This in turn leads to degraded receiver performance and lower SINR. This paper derives the signal- to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of the GPS receivers in the presence of Gaussian IF estimation errors. It is shown that IF estimation errors can substantially impede interference rejection in GPS using subspace projection techniques.
Exploiting bit-level parallelism in Boolean matrix operations for graph analysis

A number of important characteristics for a graph, which may represent a set of parallel application tasks or a parallel computer architecture, can be extracted by analyzing the Boolean matrix corresponding to the graph. The characteristic of concern is the determination of minimum path lengths for various classes of regularly structured graphs. All the example graphs vary in terms of connectivity and sparsity and provide a suitable testbed for the analysis of the various algorithms used in determining powers of the Boolean matrices. Improvements for these algorithms are introduced which exploit the Boolean nature of the matrices and the inherent bit-level parallelism available in any N-bit computer system. An algorithm is introduced which exploits this bit-level parallelism and a number of graphs were analyzed utilizing a high-performance IBM RS/6000 workstation to demonstrate the merits of the algorithm. >
Behavioural differences in Locusta migratoria associated with albinism and their relation to [His7]-corazonin

The neuropeptide (His 7 )-corazonin induces black colouration in locusts, a feature typically occurring in gregariousanimals . To date, the function of this neuropeptide in relation to phase transition has not been fully clarified. Unan- swered questions on its involvement in behavioural and morphometrical phase- shifting and possible temperature-induced regulation still remain. In the African locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), the gregarious form possesses mainly a brown colouration with typical intense black pigmentation. To find a possible behavioural function, an albino L. migratoria mutant, deficient in (His 7 )-corazonin and thuslacking the typical gregarious colour, was used. Between these two phenotypes, nonphase specific behavioural differences in a phase-dependent behavioural set-up were found. Additionally, a wild-type of the Okinawa strain was screened behaviourally and located in comparison to the other groups. Treatment of albinos with corazonin induced normal phenotype behaviour. The degree of interference of corazonin in relation to these findings and a possible effect at the level of visual perception is discussed.
Unifying the genomics-based classes of cancer fusion gene partners: large cancer fusion genes are evolutionarily conserved.

Background: Genes that fuse to cause cancer have been studied to determine molecular bases for proliferation, to develop diagnostic tools, and as targets for drugs. To facilitate identification of additional, cancer fusion genes, following observation of a chromosomal translocation, we have characterized the genomic features of the fusion gene partners. Previous work indicated that cancer fusion gene partners, are either large or evolutionarily conserved in comparison to the neighboring genes in the region of a chromosomal translocation. These results raised the question of whether large cancer fusion gene partners were also evolutionarily conserved. Methods and Results: We developed two methods for quantifying evolutionary conservation values, allowing the conclusion that both large and small cancer fusion gene partners are more evolutionarily conserved than their neighbors. Additionally, we determined that cancer fusion gene partners have more 3' untranslated region secondary structures than do their neighbors. Conclusion: Coupled with previous algorithms, with or without transcriptome approaches, we expect these results to assist in the rapid and efficient use of chromosomal translocations to identify cancer fusion genes. The above parameters for any gene of interest can be accessed at www.cancerfusiongenes.com. Changes in chromosome number and structure are often associated with cancer. Chromosomal translocations have been studied intensively due to resultant fused coding regions that could express an abnormal, fused protein that stimulates cancer development (1, 2). Fusion proteins have been observed in many different types of cancers, for example the fusion of NPM and ALK in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (3); ABL and BCR in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (4, 5); and C-MYC and IgH in Burkitt's lymphoma in (6), among many others. The detection and understanding of the ABL-BCR fusion protein, which stimulates unregulated cell division and leads to leukemia, led to the development of Gleevec, a drug able to block the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain of ABL-BCR, halting CML (7). This extraordinary success has led to the hope of designing drugs targeted against other cancer fusion proteins.
Induction of Hepatocyte Differentiation by the Extracellular Matrix and an RGD-Containing Synthetic Peptide

To design novel biomaterials for hepatocyte transplantation it will be necessary to determine whether specific extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule(s) or the adhesive interactions between the surface and hepatocytes are responsible for regulation of hepatocyte function. Purified ECM molecules (laminin, fibronectin, types I and IV collagen) and a synthetic peptide containing the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) cell-binding sequence were pre-coated at defined densities to non-adhesive polystyrene dishes. Hepatocytes cultured on dishes coated with a low density of ECM molecules (1 ng/cm2) maintained a round morphology, and high liver-specific protein secretion rates. In contrast, culturing hepatocytes on increasing ECM densities (50-1000 ng/cm2) resulted in extensive cell spreading, a loss of liver-specific protein secretion, and cell growth. Hepatocytes cultured on dishes coated with the RGD-containing peptide did not spread even on a high density of the peptide (10,000 ng/cm2), and albumin secretion remained high for hepatocytes cultured on all peptide densities (1-10,000 ng/cm2). These results suggest that a variety of ECM molecules and synthetic peptides are capable of inducing hepatocyte differentiation in vitro, and these effects depend on their ability to promote cell spreading.
Non-standard neutrino interactions at DUNE

Abstract We explore the effects of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) and how they modify neutrino propagation in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We find that NSI can significantly modify the data to be collected by the DUNE experiment as long as the new physics parameters are large enough. For example, if the DUNE data are consistent with the standard three-massive-neutrinos paradigm, order 0.1 (in units of the Fermi constant) NSI effects will be ruled out. On the other hand, if large NSI effects are present, DUNE will be able to not only rule out the standard paradigm but also measure the new physics parameters, sometimes with good precision. We find that, in some cases, DUNE is sensitive to new sources of CP-invariance violation. We also explored whether DUNE data can be used to distinguish different types of new physics beyond nonzero neutrino masses. In more detail, we asked whether NSI can be mimicked, as far as the DUNE setup is concerned, by the hypothesis that there is a new light neutrino state.
Multivariate Synthetic Hydrology: A Correction

The computer program, Numerical Multisite Package, is recognized as one of the better operational programs available. However, an error has been noted. The nature of the error is such that it may not always be important; however, as the error is simple to correct, this note is offered as a guide to affecting the correction.
Federal Taxes and Transferable State Tax Credits: Another View

State income tax credits for conservation easements present new federal income tax issues, for which no authoritative guidance has been provided. In this report, reflecting on Professor Davenport's Tax Notes article of December 8, 2003, p. 1213, Professor Seago discusses why (and how) the bargain sale to charity rules are applicable to the receipt, use, and transfer of the credit. The author notes that the final resolution of the federal tax issues should not frustrate the states' conservation goals. That is, the federal government should not take away what the state government gives, but neither should established principles of taxation be abandoned. The bargain sale to charity rules appear to provide a framework for resolving these issues with a minimum of federal interference with the states' goals.
Automatic parameter estimation of multicompartmental neuron models via minimization of trace error with control adjustment

We describe a new technique to fit conductance-based neuron models to intracellular voltage traces from isolated biological neurons. The biological neurons are recorded in current-clamp with pink (...
CdSe Nanocrystal Assemblies on Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes: Optical, Surface, and Photoelectrochemical Properties

The in situ preparation of high-quality organically synthesized cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals on TiO2 nanotubes (T_NT) prepared by anodization is presented. The deposition of CdSe nanocrystals has been facilitated under a high-pressure and low-viscosity solvothermal process. The formation, growth, and assembly of CdSe nanocrystals in the form of a dense film on T_NT have been studied using thermal (thermogravimetry and calorimetry) and optical (UV–vis and microscopy) techniques. It has been concluded that an organic treatment, followed by annealing under a nitrogen atmosphere at reduced temperatures, helps control CdSe nanocrystal morphology without causing significant particle size growth. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the electrode assembly consisting of T_NT and CdSe can achieve a stable photocurrent density of 6.7 mA/cm2 and a charge-separation efficiency of 35%.
Synthesis of C3' modified nucleosides for selective generation of the C3'-deoxy-3'-thymidinyl radical: a proposed intermediate in LEE induced DNA damage.

DNA damage pathways induced by low-energy electrons (LEEs) are believed to involve the formation of 2-deoxyribose radicals. These radicals, formed at the C3′ and C5′ positions of nucleotides, are the result of cleavage of the C–O phosphodiester bond through transfer of LEEs to the phosphate group of DNA oligomers from the nucleobases. A considerable amount of information has been obtained to illuminate the identity of the unmodified oligonucleotide products formed through this process. There exists, however, a paucity of information as to the nature of the modified lesions formed from degradation of these sugar radicals. To determine the identity of the damage products formed via the 2′,3′-dideoxy-C3′-thymidinyl radical (C3′dephos sugar radical), phenyl selenide and acyl modified sugar and nucleoside derivatives have been synthesized, and their suitability as photochemical precursors of the radical of interest has been evaluated. Upon photochemical activation of C3′-derivatized nucleosides in the presence...
3-D Separation Control in a Linear Cascade with Diffusion

The 3-D flow separation over vane surfaces in a linear cascade with area diffusion are examined for the benefit of flow control applications. The linear cascade was designed to have a streamwise pressure gradient that was representative of the last stator stage in the compressor stage of a gas turbine engine. The combination with area diffusion is a concept that was explored to shorten the length of the compressor. The diffusion resulted in flow separation on the suction side of the vanes. The interaction of the separated flow with the boundary layer in the junction with the hub wall resulted in a 3-D flow separation pattern. The pattern was examined using surface flow visualization on the suction surface of the vanes. This was further analyzed using opticalflow analysis of short-time separated images. Plasma actuator flow control on the suction side of the vanes was used to control the flow separation for a range of inlet Mach numbers from 0.4 to 0.6. The effect of the plasma flow control was documented with measurements with a 5-hole Pitot probe taken in a 2-D plane, one-third chord length downstream of the vane trailing edges. The plasma flow control reduced the loss coefficient by as much as 23% as well as increased the flow turning angle through the cascade.
Tolerance of Amaranthus palmeri populations from California to postemergence herbicides at various growth stages

Abstract In recent years, poor control of Amarathus palmeri S. Wats. plants with glyphosate in many agricultural and non-crop has been observed in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), California, USA. Studies were conducted to assess if these were glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations. Populations from 23 different locations of the SJV were exposed to glyphosate application of 840 g ae ha−1 at the 5 to 8 leaf stage of the plant and compared against a known GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) population from New Mexico, USA. None of the plants from the SJV survived the glyphosate application suggesting that they were GS. Plant mortality following application of glyphosate (840 g ae ha−1), glufosinate (490 g ai ha−1), paraquat dichloride (660 g ai ha−1), saflufenacil (50 g ai ha−1), rimsulfuron (70 g ai ha−1), and a tank-mix of glyphosate (840 g ae ha−1) + saflufenacil (50 g ai ha−1) applied at the 4 to 6, 8 to 10, and 12 to 16 leaf stages of A. palmeri was determined on potted plants grown outdoors. Complete control was obtained with all the treatments applied at the 4 to 6 leaf stage but control was reduced to less than 70% and 20% with glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively at the later stages. The other treatments provided 100% control at all growth stages. Combinations of saflufenacil + glyphosate, saflufenacil + glufosinate, saflufenacil + dicamba, rimsulfuron + glyphosate, tembotrione + glyphosate, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + glyphosate, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + glyphosate, dicamba + paraquat dichloride, and glyphosate + glufosinate were also tested on 8 to 10 leaf stage A. palmeri plants and all the combinations provided 100% control.
Thermal Management System for In Vitro Evalution of Circulatory Assist Devices at In Vivo Temperatures

Typical in vitro analysis of medical device performance occurs at room temperature (~70 degrees Fahrenheit). Effective evaluation requires at temperature studies for blood contacting medical devices for the following purposes: wear characteristics, thermal expansion, and temperature effects on sensors in the design. The task was to control the fluid within an ISO5198 hydraulic loop used to evaluate left ventricular assist devices at a given temperature between 95F and 105F. The design was to function within one degree Fahrenheit. This task was accomplished utilizing a microcontroller, the PowerSwitch Tail II, a DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor, and an immersion heater. To manage heat loss from the piping section of the loop foam piping insulation was installed to all non-testing sections. The group was able to successfully thermally regulate temperature in the loop for a range of flow rates (2-10 LPM). The team utilized a pulsing control architecture to keep overshoot within the system to a minimum. The system takes approximately 6 mins to come to temperature with approximately a one degree overshoot. The longest recorded success of controlling the loop within a plus or minus one degree accuracy is approximately 2 hours. A computational model of the system was made using the thermofluid blocks of the Simulink Simscape foundation library. Approximated heat loss is roughly 70 W for the entire circuit, which equates to one degree Fahrenheit drop for every five minutes without heat input. The result of this design is a cost effective means of producing reflective in vivo thermal conditions.
Economic Indicator Analysis during 1969–1972

Publisher Summary In 1937, the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. began a long series of studies of the cyclical behavior of selected economic indicators. Each successive study—in 1950, in 1961, and in 1966—reexamined the historical evidence, tested the performance of the indicators during a period subsequent to their selection, and investigated some of the new statistical series that had been developed in the interim. The mild business-cycle contraction of November 1969–November 1970, and the subsequent recovery, has provided another test of this type of indicator analysis. This chapter presents economic indicator analysis during 1969–1972. Of the 12 indicators selected by the National Bureau in 1966 as the best representatives of the type of factors that move early in the business cycle, 11 reached cyclical turning points prior to the November 1969 business cycle peak, while one lagged behind it. At the November 1970 business-cycle trough, six indicators led, three coincided with the trough, and three lagged. The composite index coincided with the trough. Of the eight roughly coincident indicators, three did not undergo cyclical contractions corresponding to the business cycle contraction. All of these were aggregates expressed in current dollars and were sustained by the continued rapid rise in prices and wage rates. Of the remaining five, four led at the peak and one lagged, while at the trough, four coincided and one lagged. Of the ten turning points, seven were roughly coincident. A composite index based on five of the coincident indicators lagged by one month at the peak and coincided at the trough.
Synthesis of Chiral Trifluoromethyl Benzylamines by Heterogeneous Catalytic Reductive Amination

The synthesis of several chiral α,α,α-trifluoromethylbenzylamines by an environmentally benign exclusively heterogeneous catalytic method is described. The procedure is based on trifluoromethyl acetophenones as starting materials. The commercially available inexpensive K-10 montmorillonite was applied for the synthesis of imines from the α,α,α-trifluoromethyl ketones and chiral α-methylbenzylamines. The diastereoselective hydrogenations of the imines were carried out in the presence of 5 % Pd/BaCO3 catalyst followed by the hydrogenolysis of the benzylic group under acidic conditions to give the respective chiral amines in good yields. The diastereomeric excess achieved in the hydrogenation was further enhanced by a secondary kinetic resolution during the hydrogenolysis step ensuring good to excellent enantioselectivities. The simplicity of this method makes it an alternative synthetic procedure for the preparation of both enantiomers of substituted chiral α,α,α-trifluoromethylbenzylamines.
So what do we do with it

First, let me answer a question not asked by the title: What do we not do with CR? I said it at the end of the last chapter, and Christian Smith says I always say it. I say it again here: CR is not a theory; therefore do not treat it as such. Strictly speaking, there is no CR explanation of anything. No more than there is a positivist or post-positivist account of this or that. What is the positivist theory of social stratification? There may be multiple theories of stratification all positivist in nature, but there is no particular theory that is singularly the positivist theory of stratification or of anything. The same goes for CR. Like positivism, postmodernism, or pragmatism, CR is a metatheory rather than a theory. As such it parameterizes – from its criteria – what good theories are. Thus, it provides grounding for what it considers tenable research and challenge to research that departs from its premises. But that is all it does. Is that enough? Enough to explain anything? No, but it is still something. Something needed and something important. So how do we use CR? In the first place we use it for defense and for attack. We know that from the positivist point of view, which still reigns in sociology, that ethnography and historical narrative are suspect. Not so from the standpoint of CR. From the standpoint of CR, neither of these approaches is second best. Instead, from a CR perspective, even purely descriptive work is scientifically important. It is important to know what is out there, especially if attention has not previously been drawn to what is described and especially if, in the process, what is identified is described in theoretical language that highlights the significance of what is identified. From a CR perspective as well, neither ethnography nor historical narrative need encompass only description. Insofar as CR separates causation from generality, ethnographic description of operative mechanisms can contribute to causal explanation even if what operates does so in only one place and time. Historical narrative, on the other hand, is the only way to bring together the causal effects of conjunctures of mechanisms. As I said before, narrative, not a regression equation, is the canonical form of a CR explanation as it is of any scientific account of anything in the real world outside the laboratory.
Autonomous Underwater Gliders

This chapter discusses the characteristics, design considerations, and performance of autonomous underwater (UW ) gliders. These buoyancy-propelled, winged vehicles can be categorized as: (1) profiling gliders that traverse in bobbing trajectories to collect vertical profiles of ocean properties and (2) cross-country gliders designed for point-to-point horizontal transport efficiency. Horizontal transport efficiency is quantified by net transport economy and specific energy consumption. The latter metric for a glider is equal to its inverse lift-to-drag ratio (also called finesse) and is equivalent to the glide slope in steady-state, nonturning glides. Increases in efficiency can be obtained by: 1. Increasing the loaded mass (with larger buoyancy engines) and increasing the overall size of the glider, which increases the glider’s speed and maintain sufficiently high Reynold’s numbers to avoid the drag crisis. 2. Reducing the ratio of the total vehicle wetted area to wing area, via use of flying wing or blended wing body shapes, and 3. Increasing the wing aspect ratio, within structural strength and stiffness limitations.
Imagining the Sexualized Heroine: Mary Wollstonecraft, the Feminist Treatise, and The Wrongs of Woman

In her notes toward a preface for The Wrongs of Woman; or, Maria (1798) Mary Wollstonecraft differentiates between her use of the novel form and that of those authors working before her. She explicitly positions herself as an experimental novelist, intent upon disrupting established narrative structures and plots, claiming that The Wrongs of Woman will be a novel of “passions” rather than “manners” (21). A passage from her 1792 political treatise, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, gives us a better sense of what Wollstonecraft might have meant by a novel of the “passions”. In a critique of Lord Chesterfield’s letters she argues that youth need “experience” more than mere “precepts”: “The youth should act; for had he the experience of a grey head he would be fitter for death than life […] Besides, it is not possible to give a young person a just view of life; he must have struggled with his own passions before he can estimate the force of temptation which betrayed his brother into vice” (Vindication 112). Wollstonecraft genders her critique by arguing that “men have superiour judgment” because “they give a freer scope to the grand passions, and by more frequently going astray enlarge their minds” (110). In The Wrongs of Woman, then, Wollstonecraft promises the reader a new heroine — representative of all of “woman”-who must exercise her “passions” before she can “enlarge her mind” with a more comprehensive understanding of virtue, vice, and temptation.
Keeping the Momentum and Nuclear Forensics at Los Alamos National Laboratory

LANL has 70 years of experience in nuclear forensics and supports the community through a wide variety of efforts and leveraged capabilities: Expanding the understanding of nuclear forensics, providing training on nuclear forensics methods, and developing bilateral relationships to expand our understanding of nuclear forensic science. LANL remains highly supportive of several key organizations tasked with carrying forth the Nuclear Security Summit messages: IAEA, GICNT, and INTERPOL. Analytical chemistry measurements on plutonium and uranium matrices are critical to numerous programs including safeguards accountancy verification measurements. Los Alamos National Laboratory operates capable actinide analytical chemistry and material science laboratories suitable for nuclear material and environmental forensic characterization. Los Alamos National Laboratory uses numerous means to validate and independently verify that measurement data quality objectives are met. Numerous LANL nuclear facilities support the nuclear material handling, preparation, and analysis capabilities necessary to evaluate samples containing nearly any mass of an actinide (attogram to kilogram levels).
Managerial Attention and Worker Performance

We present a novel theory of the employment relationship. A manager can invest in attention technology to recognize good worker performance. The technology may break and is costly to replace. We show that as time passes without recognition, the worker’s belief about the manager’s technology worsens and his effort declines. The manager responds by investing, but this investment is insufficient to stop the decline in effort and eventually becomes decreasing. The relationship therefore continues deteriorating, and a return to high performance becomes increasingly unlikely. These deteriorating dynamics do not arise when recognition is of bad performance or independent of effort.
Communicable Diseases: A Global Perspective.

Communicable Diseases: A Global Perspective. Roger Webber, 2016. 5th Edition (20th Anniversary Edition). 340 pp. Boston MA: CABI. ISBN 978-1-78064-742-5
Killing of Microbes and Cancer by the Immune System with Three Mammalian Pore-Forming Killer Proteins

Immunology is the science of biological warfare between the defenses of our immune systems and offensive pathogenic microbes and cancers. Over the course of his scientific career Eckhard R. Podack made several seminal discoveries that elucidated key aspects of this warfare at a molecular level. When Eckhard joined the complement laboratory of Muller-Eberhard in 1974 he was fascinated by two questions: (1) What is the molecular mechanism by which complement kills invasive bacteria? and (2) Which one of the complement components is the killer molecule? Eckhard’s quest to answer these questions would lead to the discovery C9 and later, two additional pore-forming killer molecules of the immune system. Here is a brief account of how he discovered poly-C9, the pore-forming protein of complement in blood and interstitial fluids; Perforin-1, expressed by natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes; and Perforin-2 (MPEG1), expressed by all cell types examined to date. All three killing systems are crucial for our survival and health.
Abstract 4526: Age dependent disposition of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and metabolites in infants ≤ 1 year old with brain tumors

An ongoing trial of risk-adapted therapy for infants and young children Citation Format: Vinay M. Daryani, Thandranese S. Owens, K. Elaine Harstead, Yogesh T. Patel, David C. Turner, Stacy L. Throm, John C. Panetta, Amar Gajjar, Clinton F. Stewart. Age dependent disposition of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and metabolites in infants ≤ 1 year old with brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4526. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4526
Goniometry Versus Profilometry Studies of Contact Angle for PEDOT:PSS Deposited Onto Silicon and Fused Silica Substrates

This paper presents a comparative study on the effects of plasma type and duration on the contact angle of silicon (Si) and fused silica (FS) for the deposition of Poly (3,4 ethyldioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) via drop casting. The two methods used to measure contact angles were goniometry and profilometry. Both methods agreed that the lowest contact angles were given by: 1) 30 seconds in nitrogen/oxygen mix for Si substrates, and 2) 10 minutes in pure oxygen plasma for FS substrates.
Unruly Practices: Gezi Protests and the Politics of Friendship

AbstractIn 2013, Gezi Park housed perhaps the most significant democratic protest of the Turkish Republic’s history. The Gezi protests have drawn the attention of many democratic theorists since then. What is surprising about these theorists’ commentaries on Gezi is that in none of them is it possible to find an account of political practices that enabled actors with such different interests and worldviews to act in concert during this moment of popular action. This article argues that to attend fully to the unique features of events such as Gezi, we need to develop an alternative conceptualization of democratic action that brings to light such mediatory political practices. To develop that alternative, I turn to Aristotle and creatively appropriate his notion of “political friendship.” Interpreted as an ethico-political notion, which refers to a set of mediating practices, political friendship becomes a rich conceptual resource that lays bare the dynamics of democratic popular action.
Immunological characterization of human vaginal xenografts in immunocompromised mice: development of a small animal model for the study of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.

A small animal model for the in vivo study of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and other fastidious infectious agents in human host target tissues is critical for the advancement of therapeutic and preventative strategies. Our laboratory has developed a human vaginal xenograft model that histologically recapitulates features of the human vaginal epithelial barrier. Vaginal xenografts were surgically implanted into C.B.- Igh-1 b /IcrTac- Prkdc scid (SCID) and NOD/LtSz- scid/scid (NOD/SCID) mice, with and without human peripheral blood mononuclear cell reconstitution. Immunohistochemical staining of vaginal xenografts demonstrated that in the SCID strain healed vaginal xenografts did not retain intrinsic human immune cells at baseline levels, whereas the NOD/SCID strain supported retention of intrinsic human immune cell populations within the xenografts for at least 2 months after engraftment. In peripheral blood mononuclear cell-reconstituted NOD/SCID mice with vaginal xenografts, flow cytometric analyses detected human immune cell populations in the peripheral blood and immunohistochemical methods detected infiltration of human CD45+ cells in the mouse spleens and vaginal xenografts for at least 2 months after reconstitution. This optimized NOD/SCID human vaginal xenograft model may provide a unique small animal in vivo system for the study of human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission and infection.
Telepractice: A Survey of AuD Students Pre- and Post-Telepractice

Telepractice, defined by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA, n.d.) as “the application of telecommunications technology to the delivery of professional services at a distance by...
Distributed Lagrangian Method for Tie-Line Scheduling in Power Grids under Uncertainty

System operators (SOs) manage the grid and its assets in different parts (areas) of an interconnected power network. One would ideally seek to co-optimize the grid assets across multiple areas by solving a centralized optimization problem. Gathering the dispatch cost structures and the network constraints from all areas for a centralized solution remains difficult due to technical, historical, and sometimes legal barriers. Motivated by the need for a distributed solution architecture for multi-area power systems, we propose a distributed Lagrangian algorithm in this paper.We establish convergence rates for our algorithm that solves the deterministic tie-line scheduling problem as well as its robust variant (with policy space approximations). Our algorithm does not need any form of central coordination. We illustrate its efficacy on IEEE test systems.
Harmony in Mendelssohn and Schumann

This innovative book continues David Damschroder's radical reformulation of harmonic theory, presenting a dynamic exploration of harmony in the compositions of Mendelssohn and Schumann, two key figures of nineteenth-century classical music. This volume's introductory chapters creatively introduce the basic tenets of the system, with reference to sound files rather than notated music examples permitting a more direct interaction between reader and music. In the Masterworks section that follows, Damschroder presents detailed analyses of movements from piano, vocal, and chamber music, and compares his outcomes with those of other analysts, including Benedict Taylor, L. Poundie Burstein, and Peter H. Smith. Expanding upon analytical practices from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and strongly influenced by Schenkerian principles, this fresh perspective offers a stark contrast to conventional harmonic analysis - both in terms of how Roman numerals are deployed and how musical processes are described in words.
Herbal Supplementation: Attitudes and Knowledge Base of Three Dietetic Practice Groups

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the differences in knowledge and attitude of herbal therapy among three diverse American Dietetic Association Practice Groups. A stratified random sampling of 647 Registered Dietitians was obtained via the 1998 American Dietetic Association mailing lists. Three practice groups (General Clinical, Vegetarian, and Dietetic Educators of Practitioners) were surveyed to assess their level of knowledge and attitudes toward herbal supplementation. A three part questionnaire (attitude, knowledge and demographics), was mailed with 314 surveys returned. Frequency distribution, correlation and analysis of variance revealed that all three groups had an overall favorable attitude toward herbal therapy. The Vegetarian practice group (n= 128) was significantly more positive in attitude (p
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, Heart Failure Risk, and Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone-System Blockade in Hypertension: The MESA Study

Background Higher fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) concentrations have been found to be associated with incident heart failure (HF). Experimental data suggest FGF23 directly stimulates myocardial hypertrophy. FGF23 may also enhance renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Whether FGF23 is associated with increased HF risk in populations with hypertension and whether this association is weaker in the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy is unknown. Methods We studied 2,858 adults with hypertension free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (65.6 ± 9.5 years, 46.2% male) participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We investigated the association of baseline serum intact FGF23 with incident HF over a 14-year median follow-up and whether ACEI/ARB therapy modified this risk. We also investigated the relationship of FGF23 with aldosterone and plasma renin activity in a random subgroup of the entire MESA cohort with available assays (N = 1,642). Results In adjusted Cox regression models, higher FGF23 was associated with a 63% greater hazard of incident HF (hazard ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: [1.13-2.36] per 1-unit increase in log-transformed FGF23), which persisted after exclusion of participants with chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio: 1.94 [1.10-3.43]). There was no heterogeneity by ACEI/ARB use (Pinteraction = 0.438). FGF23 improved model fit over covariables (likelihood ratio χ2 = 6.67, P = 0.010). In multivariable linear regression models, there was no association between FGF23 and aldosterone or plasma renin activity. Conclusions Higher FGF23 concentrations are associated with a significantly increased risk of HF in hypertension but this risk did not differ by ACEI/ARB treatment status. FGF23 may be a useful biomarker for HF risk in hypertensive populations.
Abstract 5081: Leelamine is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer

Increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids to meet energy demand is a rather unique characteristic of a subset of human prostate cancers. A safe and effective intervention for inhibition of fatty acid synthesis is still a clinically unmet need. We have shown previously that leelamine (LLM), a phytochemical derived from pine tree bark, suppresses expression and activity of full-length androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models of prostate cancer. Because AR is implicated in regulation of fatty acid metabolism, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of LLM on this metabolic pathway. Treatment of a castration-resistant (22Rv1) as well as an androgen-responsive (LNCaP) human prostate cancer cell line with LLM (2.5 and 5 µmol/L) resulted in downregulation of key fatty acid synthesis enzyme proteins including ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). LLM treatment also decreased intracellular levels of total free fatty acids and neutral lipid droplets in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, we also observed a significant decrease in ACLY and SREBP1 protein expression and number of neutral lipid droplets in vivo in tumor tissue sections of 22Rv1 xenografts after intraperitoneal administration of LLM (9.1 mg/kg bw/ day, 5 times/week) compared to controls. Studies are in progress to determine if overexpression of AR and/or SREBP1 confers protection against fatty acid synthesis inhibition by LLM. In conclusion, it is reasonable to postulate that suppression of AR-SREBP1 regulated fatty acid metabolism is an important mechanism in prostate cancer inhibition by LLM. This study was supported by the grant RO1 CA101753 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Krishna B. Singh, Shivendra V. Singh. Leelamine is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5081.