cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards Fingerprinting Malicious Traffic

Abstract The primary intent of this paper is detect malicious traﬃc at the network level. To this end, we apply several machinelearning techniques to build classiﬁers that ﬁngerprint maliciousness on IP traﬃc. As such, J48, Na¨ive Bayesian, SVMand Boosting algorithms are used to classify malware communications that are generated from dynamic malware anal-ysis framework. The generated traﬃc log ﬁles are pre-processed in order to extract features that characterize maliciouspackets. The data mining algorithms are applied on these features. The comparison between diﬀerent algorithms resultshas shown that J48 and Boosted J48 algorithms have performed better than other algorithms. We managed to obtain adetection rate of 99% of malicious traﬃc with a false positive rate less than 1% for J48 and Boosted J48 algorithms.Additional tests have generated results that show that our model can detect malicious traﬃc obtained from diﬀerentsources.c 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Traﬃc Classiﬁcation, Malicious Traﬃc Detection, Malware Analysis.
Plasma renin activity in alcoholic liver disease

Abstract purpose and patients and methods: The relationship of plasma renin activity (PRA) to indices of circulatory filling and other possible determinants of renin secretion was studied in 31 men with alcoholic liver disease. Characteristics of patients with normal and increased PRA values were examined. Significant differences guided subsequent simple and multiple regression analysis. results: Supine PRA was increased (greater than 2.4 ng/mL/h on a 200 mEq/d intake of sodium, ranging as high as 33 ng/mL/h) in 14 of 57 studies. Nonascitic patients with elevated PRA values were significantly younger than those with normal PRA values. Among patients without ascites, the plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration correlated inversely with PRA. Ascitic patients with elevated PRA values had a significantly reduced serum sodium concentration, urinary sodium excretion, creatinine clearance, and arterial pressure. Systemic vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine and caffeine concentrations, and left atrial volume were similar in patients with and without increased PRA values. Univariate followed by multiple regression analysis identified age and plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration as significant independent correlates of PRA in patients without ascites ( R 2 = 0.54). Serum sodium concentration and urinary sodium excretion were significant correlates of PRA in patients with ascites ( R 2 = 0.80). conclusion: The associations of PRA in alcoholic liver disease are diverse and potentially complex. Age and plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration are important in patients without ascites. In patients with ascites, tubular delivery of sodium to the macula densa, as modified by the filtered load and proximal reabsorption, appeared to be a principal association of PRA. Indices of circulatory filling did not emerge as clearly independent associations of PRA. Increased PRA values in patients with ascites may be an effect of sodium retention rather than part of its cause.
An Inversion Method to Determine Ocean Surface Currents Using Irregularly Sampled Satellite Altimetry Data

Abstract An inversion method is presented that determines mesoscale sea surface currents using satellite altimeter data. The method directly uses geostrophic cross-track velocity components, expands the unknown velocity components with spline functions, and includes weighted constraints for divergence and kinetic energy. The success of this method is measured by the misfit between input and output velocities and depends on the weights of the constraints, the irregular space-time data distribution of the altimeter data, and the nonstationary character of mesoscale oceanic features. Negative effects of the irregular spatial distribution of the altimeter data are overcome by partitioning the larger regions of interest into smaller subareas to make independent inversions. The relatively weak effects of subtrack temporal separations in the presence of slowing evolving fields are addressed by temporal interpolations, which provide the more important benefit of filling in missing data. The procedure is evaluated...
Shifting subjects: elocutionary revolution and democracy in eighteenth-century America and twentieth-century India

Abstract This paper compares shifts in speech genres within oratorical traditions in colonial America and contemporary Tamilnadu, India, and the relationship between communicative practice and the emergence of democratic politics. The American Revolution was predicated upon an `elocutionary revolution' in oratorical practice in which orators shifted from a high Ciceronian and elite mode of speech to one in which they evoked a `naturalness' of language that embodied the speech of Everyman. But in the emergent democracy of 1940s Tamilnadu, orators moved from a form of `ordinary' language to one that was specifically modeled on the written word. The paper interrogates shifting subjectivities of orators as aspects of the culturally and historically specific forms of power within two emergent democracies.
Autoimmunity risk alleles in costimulation pathways

Summary: The basis for susceptibility to common autoimmune diseases is a complex interplay between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. We have now entered a new generation of genetic study designs which has not only furthered our understanding of the individual mechanisms involved in the common human autoimmune diseases but also has pointed towards common pathways. In this review we focus on costimulatory mechanisms with the most convincing association results in large collections of patients and control subjects. These include the genes encoding cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, CD58, CD40, inducible T-cell costimulator ligand, CD244, CD226, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (ligand) superfamily member 4, TNF superfamily member 15, and programmed cell death 1. The unbiased genome-wide association scans suggest that indeed immune related genes underlie the pathogenesis of human autoimmune disease with common involvement of costimulatory pathways. The identification of allelic variants associated with disease risk followed by understanding their functional outcomes and affected pathways provides a rationale approach for drug design.
Margo Wilson’s Influence Continues A Research Note on the Sex Ratios of Killing (SROKs) in Texas’ Six Largest Cities

Drawing on Margo Wilson and Martin Daly's cross-national research on the spousal "sex ratio of killing" (SROK), this study examines the overall, relationship-specific, and age-specific SROKs for Texas' six largest cities. This analysis of Supplementary Homicide Reports for the cities of Austin, Dallas, El Paso, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio indicates that overall sex ratios of killing in Texas were comparable to the United States, whereas four of the six cities had higher intimate partner sex ratios of killing than the state or nation. Wide variation of intimate partner SROKs based on offender age, race, and weapon was also found. Language: en
Electrical activity of bulk stacking faults in silicon

Abstract Two-step heat-treated silicon wafers have been used to determine the electrical activity of bulk stacking faults. These wafers have been processed in two different facilities to minimize the possibility that the results might depend on impurities incorporated during wafer processing. DLTS measurements show a dominant energy level at E c − E t = 0.48 ± 0.05 eV due to oxygen-induced stacking faults. Trap concentrations have been correlated to optically detectable bulk stacking faults when the size of the stacking faults is more than 1 μn. Our results show the size and density of the stacking faults are related to the observed electrical activity of the microdefects.
Longitudinal study of platelet membrane fluidity in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Increased platelet membrane fluidity identifies a prominent subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease who exhibit distinct clinical features. In the current longitudinal study, the stability of this membrane characteristic was determined for 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease and JO healthy elderly controls over a 1-year follow-up period.
Galvanic-cell investigations with a CaF2 solid electrolyte at elevated temperatures

Abstract Recent results from our laboratory indicate that CaF 2 can be used to measure oxygen and sulfur chemical potentials in the temperature range of 500–900°C. A theoretical explanation of the manner in which the CaF 2 electrolyte functions as either an oxygen or a sulfur sensor is presented. It is concluded that CaF 2 is a useful electrolyte for the measurement of extremely low oxygen chemical potentials, possibly even in regions where zirconia-based and thoria-based oxide electrolytes exhibit n-type electronic conductivity. The CaF 2 electrolyte is also suitable for the measurement of sulfur chemical potentials in solids and gas mixtures.
Mapping of carbohydrate sites on the human insulin receptor.

Abstract Prior to investigating the role of individual glycosylation sites in insulin receptor function, we are mapping the sites of glycosylation in the receptor. We report here a generally applicable methodology for the isolation and identification of glycosylation sites in cell surface glycoproteins. Human insulin receptors were labeled with [ 3 H]-sugars using a CHO cell line transfected with the human receptor cDNA. Labelled receptors were mixed with receptors purified from human placental membranes and tryptic peptides prepared. Peptides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography to limit the number of non-glycopeptides present. Peptides were then separated by reverse phase HPLC and glycopeptides identified by scintillation counting. Using this technique we have shown the insulin receptor to be glycosylated at Asn 397 and Asn 881. This increases the known number of occupied glycosylation sites to five.
Wavelength-based analog-to-digital conversion

This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of a tunable wavelength-based photonic high-speed analog-to- digital converter (ADC) approach and its anticipated performance. Analytic models, experimental data, and simulation results will provide the fundamental limits on the expected conversion speed and bit resolution. A thorough in situ study of the photonic signal conversion system under simulated space radiation conditions is required to precisely determine its performance in either a natural or man-made space environment. Although this study has not yet been performed on the entire system, preliminary performance predictions will be made based on previously published studies on the individual components within the system. The photonic components of particular interest that will be discussed in the context of radiation hardness includes the edge emitting laser diode with a MQW tuning element, the processor filters, the delay equalizers and the photodetectors.
Signature matrix algebras and bipartite graphs

Abstract A special class of matrix algebras, the rc-signature algebras, naturally emerged as a result of the study of a Multiplicative Decomposition Property of matrices (a multiplicative analogue of the Riesz Decomposition Property in ordered vector spaces). This note is devoted to the study of a tractable subclass of these algebras. It is proven that a necessary and sufficient condition for two such algebras to be isomorphic is the simultaneous permutation-similarity between the members of the algebras. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the signature algebras and the bipartite graphs that respects the isomorphism between the algebras and the strict isomorphism between the bipartite graphs.
Medicine, Gabriel García Márquez, and Love in the Time of Cholera

The Nobel award-winning author Gabriel Garcia Marquez (born 1927) originally released his book Love in the Time of Cholera in Colombia in 1985. For us physicians and surgeons this book contains les...
Designing a positive involvement for parents in the freshman engineering experience

The transition from high school to college can be very difficult for many students. The authors believe that parents can advocate on behalf of their children by educating themselves on particular transitional challenges their children potentially face, as well as by helping these freshmen daughters and sons establish realistic educational and social goals. Parents can assist their children by helping them to anticipate the significant transitions that occur during the freshman year. This paper will acquaint the reader with three key transitional challenges new college students face, and offer an approach to productive interactions between the Swanson School's orientation facilitators/freshmen faculty and the parents to ease these challenges. The paper will demonstrate the importance of making parents part of the first year orientation and educational process. Steadily improving persistence rates at the University of Pittsburgh's Swanson School of Engineering indicate that educating new students and parents in realistically anticipating first year challenges allows first year to successfully work through key freshman year challenges.
Measurements of carbon and tungsten erosion/deposition in the DIII-D divertor

Abstract Net erosion/deposition rates of carbon and tungsten were measured at the outer strike point of the divertor plasma on the floor of the DIII-D tokamak during deuterium H-mode operation at an average power deposition of about 45 W/cm 2 . For carbon, net erosion rates of up to 4 nm/s were found. For a tungsten film, no appreciable erosion was detected. However, measurements of deposited tungsten on adjacent carbon surfaces indicated a net W erosion rate of 0.06 nm/s.
General self-concept and specific self-evaluations after an academic task.

For a sample of 88 fourth-grade children specific self-evaluations after an academic task were related to general self-concept scores but not related to performance on the academic task.
Nuclear power reactors

Since controlled nuclear fission was first demonstrated 12 years ago, great progress has been made in the development of nuclear power. Practical reactor materials and coolants, classification of reactors, and three reactor types are discussed in the first part of this 2-section article.
The determination of hexoses and pentoses by anion-exchange chromatography: a method of high sensitivity.

A carbohydrate analyzer with 10 −10 mol sensitivity was developed in this laboratory based on the anion-exchange chromatographic systems of Kesler (Kesler, R. B. (1967) Anal. Chem. 39, 1416). and Lee et al. (Lee, Y. C., McKelvy, J. F., and Lang, D. (1969) Anal. Biochem. 27, 567.). Sensitivity was achieved by using an acid-resistant reagent pump capable of accurate delivery with low baseline noise and eliminating acidflex tubing and the need for air segmentation. In a standard mixture of 11 carbohydrates, each was completely resolved from the other. The entire run required 6 hr. The limit of detection was 1 × 10 −10 mol for pentoses and 3 × 10 −10 mol for hexoses while operating the photometer at 0.1 A full scale. Expanding the photometer range to 0.045 or 0.02 A could further increase the sensitivity proportionately.
Assembly planning based on geometric reasoning

Abstract This paper presents the application of geometric reasoning to the automatic construction of an assembly partial order from an attributed liaison graph representation of an assembly. The construction is based on the principle of assembly by disassembly and on the extraction of preferred subassemblies. On the basis of accessibility and manipulability criteria, the system first decomposes the given assembly into clusters of mutually inseparable parts. An abstract liaison graph is then generated wherein each cluster of mutually inseparable parts is represented as a supernode. A set of subassemblies is then generated by decomposing the abstract liaison graph into subgraphs, verifying the disassemblability of individual subgraphs, and applying the criteria for selecting preferred subassemblies to the disassemblable subgraphs. The recursive application of this process to the selected subassemblies results in a Hierarchical Partial-Order Graph (HPOG). A HPOG not only provides the precedence relations among assembly operations but also presents the temporal and spatial parallelism for implementing distributed and cooperative assembly. The system is organized under the “cooperative problem solving (CPS)” paradigm.
Changes in Fish Species Composition in the Au Sable River, Michigan from the 1920's to 1972

Abstract Fish collections taken in the 1920's from the Au Sable River, Michigan, were replicated in 1972. The Au Sable system as a whole has remained a non-rigorous, predictable environment for fish species. Substantial changes in fish species lists have occurred at most stations. The percentage of cold-water species present in the cold-water, moderate flow areas has increased, while species diversity, evenness, and numbers of species have remained constant. The warm headwater areas remain unchanged. Below the impoundments and in the large river areas, water quality has changed with subsequent reductions in species diversity and evenness, and large changes in species lists.
Evidence for long-term brightness changes of solar-type stars

CHANGES in the brightness of the Sun may introduce further uncertainties into forecasts of global warming by the greenhouse effect. The Sun is known to vary in brightness, on a timescale of years, by 0.1% in phase with changes in magnetic activity during the solar cycle1–3, and variations of up to 0.4%, also correlated with surface magnetic activity, have been found in stars similar to the Sun4. To delimit the magnitude of solar luminosity variations on a timescale of centuries, we have looked at the magnetic behaviour of a number of solar-type stars over several years. Observed in random phases of their long-term variability, they give a sample of the behaviour of a solar-type star over a long period of time. We find indirect evidence that these stars undergo brightness changes of more than the 0.1% observed during the last solar cycle, a result that calls into question the assumption of a constant Sun in calculations using general circulation models for climate forecasting.
Multiple-Region Hydrogen Maser with Reduced Wall Shift

The magnitude of the atom-wall collision frequency shift in the hydrogen maser has been reduced tenfold by confining the hydrogen atoms in a Teflon-coated cylindrical vessel that is 5 ft long and 5 ft in diam. The wall shift of this large maser was measured to be - (2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ Hz at 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Oscillation is achieved by a prestimulation method in which radiant atoms that have been prestimulated in the high rf field of one microwave cavity maintain a maser oscillation in a second cavity. A signal is extracted from the low-level cavity, amplified to a suitable value, and coupled into the high-level cavity to maintain the rf field there. A detailed theory of a multiple-region maser system is presented.
Combine Performance Descriptors and Predictors of Recruit Ranking for the Top High School Football Recruits from 2001 to 2009: Differences between Position Groups

Several studies have documented the normative data for football combine performance measures in college and professional players. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the anthropometric and combine performance differences between highly recruited and recruited high school football players. A secondary purpose was to provide a historical basis of descriptive data for elite high school football players from 2001 to 2009. Height, weight, 40-yd sprint time, 20-yd shuttle time, vertical jump height, angle drive drill time, and broad jump distance were extracted for 2,560 players from a commercially available website. Mean scores across star value and playing positions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVAs. Statistical significance was found between highly recruited (5 and 4 stars) and recruited players (3 and 2 stars) for height (highly recruited = 1.878 ± 0.06 m, recruited 1.85 ± 0.11 m), weight (highly recruited = 99.77 ± 4.76 kg, recruited = 97.54 ± 4.84 kg), 40-yd sprint (highly recruited = 4.76 ± 0.327 seconds, recruited = 4.84 ± 0.142 seconds), and vertical jump (highly recruited = 0.775 ± 0.11 m, recruited = 0.750 ± 0.121 m). Ten backward stepwise regression models were calculated (position × variables) with statistical significance set at the p < 0.05 level. The 40-yd sprint time, height, and weight were significant predictors of star value across 10 positions. These data provide anthropometric and performance profiles for highly recruited high school football players. Sprinting ability and physical size are the most consistent predictors of subjective ranking. The results may help strength and conditioning specialists better understand the anthropometric and physical attributes that distinguish highly recruited from recruited players and which attributes are likely to predict higher star value scores.
Finding the Linchpins of the Dark Web: a Study on Topologically Dedicated Hosts on Malicious Web Infrastructures

Malicious Web activities continue to be a major threat to the safety of online Web users. Despite the plethora forms of attacks and the diversity of their delivery channels, in the back end, they are all orchestrated through malicious Web infrastructures, which enable miscreants to do business with each other and utilize others' resources. Identifying the linchpins of the dark infrastructures and distinguishing those valuable to the adversaries from those disposable are critical for gaining an upper hand in the battle against them. In this paper, using nearly 4 million malicious URL paths crawled from different attack channels, we perform a large-scale study on the topological relations among hosts in the malicious Web infrastructure. Our study reveals the existence of a set of topologically dedicated malicious hosts that play orchestrating roles in malicious activities. They are well connected to other malicious hosts and do not receive traffic from legitimate sites. Motivated by their distinctive features in topology, we develop a graph-based approach that relies on a small set of known malicious hosts as seeds to detect dedicate malicious hosts in a large scale. Our method is general across the use of different types of seed data, and results in an expansion rate of over 12 times in detection with a low false detection rate of 2%. Many of the detected hosts operate as redirectors, in particular Traffic Distribution Systems (TDSes) that are long-lived and receive traffic from new attack campaigns over time. These TDSes play critical roles in managing malicious traffic flows. Detecting and taking down these dedicated malicious hosts can therefore have more impact on the malicious Web infrastructures than aiming at short-lived doorways or exploit sites.
Accelerated Arene Ligand Exchange in the (Arene)Cr(CO)2L Series

Arene ligand exchange in the (η6-arene)Cr(CO)2L series can be accelerated if the ligand L is an electronically unsymmetrical bidentate ligand. The system evaluated here employs derivatives of tris(pyrrolyl)phosphine as L. A series of 2-L‘-substituted pyrroles was prepared, where the substituents include: L‘ = −SMe, −CH2SMe, −SPh, −CH2SPh, −SCF3, −S-tBu, −CO2Me, −CONMe2, −2-pyridinyl, and −PPh2. Reaction with ClP(pyrrolyl)2 gave a new series of phosphines, (2-L‘-pyrrolyl)(pyrrolyl)2P. Each of these phosphines was converted to (arene)Cr(CO)2[P(2-L‘-pyrrolyl)(pyrrolyl)2P) complexes. The substituents L‘ are proposed to provide temporary coordination to the Cr and to lower the barrier to arene exchange. The series was evaluated where the arene in the complex (departing) is benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or p-xylene and the incoming arene is C6D6, chlorobenzene-d5, anisole-d8, fluorobenzene-d5, toluene-d8, o-xylene-d10, m-xylene-d10, p-xylene-d10, or mesitylene-d12. Most of the new comple...
Effect of fiber surface-treatments on the properties of laminated biocomposites from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and kenaf fibers

Kenaf fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) laminated composites were prepared by compression molding using the film-stacking method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of these composites as a function of modification of kenaf fiber by using alkalization and silane-treatments. It was found that both silane-treated fiber (FIBSI) reinforced composite and alkali treated fiber (FIBNA) reinforced composite offered superior mechanical properties compared to untreated fiber (FIB) reinforced composite. The alkali- followed by silane-treated fiber (FIBNASI) reinforced composite also significantly improved mechanical properties. The effects of temperature on the viscoelastic properties of composites were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the PLA laminated composites is significantly higher than that of neat PLA resin. Moreover, morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that better adhesion between the fiber and the matrix was achieved. It was found that standard PLA resins are suitable for the manufacture of kenaf fiber reinforced laminated biocomposites with useful engineering properties.
On brouwer's definition of unextendable order

It is argued that the tensed theory of the creative subject provides a natural formulation of the logic underlying Brouwer's notion of unextendable order and explains the link between that notion and virtual order. The tensed theory of the creative subject is also shown to be a useful tool for interpreting recent evidence about the stages of Brouwer's thinking concerning these two notions of order.
Platelet alpha2 adrenoreceptors are decreased in number after antidepressant therapy

Abstract 1. 1. Specific binding of 3H-clonidine to alpha2 adrenoreceptors upon human blood platelet membranes is increased in patients with major depressive disorder (endogenous depression). 2. 2. Specific binding of 3H-yohimbine to the platelet adrenoreceptor is not altered in endogenously depressed patients. 3. 3. Other psychiatric disorders are not associated with alterations in the specific binding of either 3H-clonidine or 3H-yohimbine. In patients with severe congestive heart failure or with symptomatic coronary artery disease the number of platelet alpha2 adrenoreceptors is actually decreased. 4. 4. Treatment of endogenously depressed patients with tricyclic antidepressants, lithium salts or electroconvulsive therapy results in a decrease in the number of alpha2 adrenoreceptors on blood platelet membranes. 5. 5. These studies suggest that a supersensitivity of the alpha2 adrenoreceptor might exist in patients with endogenous depression and that effective forms of therapy lead to a decrease in the number of neural alpha2 adrenoreceptors which is reflected by a decrease in the number of these receptors upon blood platelet membranes.
The role of microtubules in contractile ring function

During cytokinesis, a cortical contractile ring forms around a cell, constricts to a stable tight neck and terminates in separation of the daughter cells. At first cleavage, Ilyanassa obsoleta embryos form two contractile rings simultaneously. The cleavage furrow (CF), in the animal hemisphere between the spindle poles, constricts to a stable tight neck and separates the daughter cells. The third polar lobe constriction (PLC-3), in the vegetal hemisphere below the spindle, constricts to a transient tight neck, but then relaxes, allowing the polar lobe cytoplasm to merge with one daughter cell. Eggs exposed to taxol, a drug that stabilizes microtubules, before the CF or the PLC-3 develop, fail to form CFs, but form stabilized tight PLCs. Eggs exposed to taxol at the time of PLC-3 formation develop varied numbers of constriction rings in their animal hemispheres and one PLC in their vegetal hemisphere, none of which relax. Eggs exposed to taxol after PLC-3 initiation form stabilized tight CFs and PLCs. At maximum constriction, control embryos display immunolocalization of nonextractable alpha-tubulin in their CFs, but not in their PLCs, and reveal, via electron microscopy, many microtubules extending through their CFs, but not through their PLCs. Embryos which form stabilized tightly constricted CFs and PLCs in the presence of taxol display immunolocalization of nonextractable alpha-tubulin in both constrictions and show many polymerized microtubules extending through both CFs and PLCs. These results suggest that the extension of microtubules through a tight contractile ring may be important for stabilizing that constriction and facilitating subsequent cytokinesis.
Channel planform and land cover changes on a mined river floodplain

Abstract The Amite River in southeastern Louisiana, USA, is a disturbed floodplain and channel, where combined gravel and sand extraction has exceeded 10 million tons per year. To examine relationships between mining and channel change along this river, land cover data from a 55-km floodplain reach with variable mining intensity were compiled from photographic, map and documentary sources for two different time periods. These data were manipulated using a geographic information system and analysed using nonparametric statistics, producing statistically robust, moderate correlations between the degree of floodplain mining and change in channel position. The approach and results have application in research, planning and management concerning floodplain disturbances and channel instability.
Contributions of Sex Guilt and Masturbation Guilt to Women's Contraceptive Attitudes and Use

The purposes of this study were, first, to confirm inverse relationships between sex guilt and contraceptive use and attitudes and, second, to demonstrate that guilt regarding masturbation in comparison to sex guilt was a specific inhibitor of diaphragm use. In a sample of 186 single college women, sex guilt accounted for 28% of the variance in nine measures of contraceptive attitudes, thereby confirming the hypothesized inverse relationship. Users of safe, coitus‐independent, contraceptives scored lower on sex guilt than noncontraceptors. Moreover, the safe contraceptors, who used the pill or IUD, scored lower on sex guilt than women who relied on coitus‐dependent methods such as foam, suppositories, or condoms for contraception, which confirmed the second hypothesis. The third hypothesis was that masturbation guilt was inversely correlated with contraceptive attitudes. Including a measure of masturbation guilt along with sex guilt in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that masturbation...
Triplet state properties of the benzo[α]pyrene-DNA complex as determined by optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance☆

Abstract The zero-field transitions in the photoexcited triplet state of benzo[α]pyrene bound to DNA have been observed by optical detection of magnetic resonance of 2 K. The transition frequencies individual spin sublevel intersystem crossing rates were measured by monitoring the microwave-induced intensity changes of the triplettriplet absorption at 465.8 nm. The triplet state zero-field splitting and dynamics for the benzo[α]pyrene DNA complex are compared with these properties measured for benzo(α)pyrene in other solvent systems.
Melt-enhanced deformation: A major tectonic process

Convergent tectonics between continental crustal blocks result in deep burial and anatexis of supracrustal rocks. Anatectic and/or mantle-derived melts combine to form a melt-weakened zone in the thickened lower crust. The accumulation of melt eventually leads to crustal failure along melt-lubricated shear zones. Rapid (>1 mm/yr vertical component) movements of large crustal blocks result. We refer to these crustal displacements as tectonic surges. The melt-lubricated shears are characterized by the close association of sheared country rocks with foliated or massive igneous sills and plutons. Rocks that formed at different crustal levels are juxtaposed across these shear zones. One result of surges with large lateral component of movement is metamorphic inversion with high-pressure and high-temperature metamorphic rocks structurally over lower pressure and temperature assemblages. Large and rapid vertical surges may displace crust containing abundant melt and may result in high T/P (including granulite facies) metamorphism and preservation of metamorphic textures caused by rapid decompression.
The Learning Gardens Laboratory: Teaching Sustainability and Developing Sustainable Food Systems Through Unique Partnerships

Garden-based education programs at the Learning Gardens Laboratory (LGL) in Portland, Oregon, have been developed in a partnership between Portland State University and Oregon State University in order to advance the development of sustainable food systems and sustainability education. Learning gardens serve as rich sustainability learning sites due to their ecological and sociocultural benefits, and provide a hands-on way for students to engage in interconnected issues and begin to participate in solving complex problems. At LGL there is an understanding that developing sustainable food systems also requires teaching and learning practices that reflect the goals of sustainability education. Our primary pedagogical influences are drawn from permaculture, deep ecology, ecological design, and sustainability pedagogy. A number of pedagogical principles serve as a framework for teaching sustainability holistically at LGL, including: (1) Interdisciplinary learning; (2) place-based learning; (3) active and engaged learning; (4) relationship-building; (5) multiple perspectives; and (6) systems thinking and interconnectedness. These pedagogical principles are discussed in relationship to the educational programs taking place at the Learning Gardens Lab, and we highlight two successful programs developed by our universities: the Beginning Urban Farming Apprenticeship program, and the Lane Middle School Garden-Based Education program. We also address learning that has arisen from key challenges that we face at LGL.
Two Experiments in Simplifying Response Categories: Intensity Ratings and Behavioral Frequencies

Two experiments compare simpler with more complex response categories in a telephone survey. The first experiment develops a method for predicting the effects of changing modifiers in labels for re...
Are Maternal Genitourinary Infection and Pre-Eclampsia Associated With ADHD in School-Aged Children?:

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that maternal genitourinary infection (GU) infection is associated with increased risk of ADHD. Method: The authors obtained linked Medicaid billing data for pregnant women and their children in South Carolina, with births from 1996 through 2002 and follow-up data through 2008. Maternal GU infections and pre-eclampsia were identified on the basis of diagnoses made during pregnancy, and cases of ADHD were identified on the basis of diagnoses made in the child’s Medicaid file. Results: There were 84,721 children in the data set used for analyses. Maternal genitourinary infection was associated with significantly increased odds of ADHD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.23-1.35). Pre-eclampsia was also associated with increased risk (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.32). Children whose mothers had both GU infection and pre-eclampsia were 53% more likely to have ADHD, compared to those with neither exposure. When we examined specific infection diagnoses, chlamydia/nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, urinary tract infection, and candidiasis were associated with increased risk of ADHD, whereas gonorrhea was not. Discussion: Maternal GU infection appeared to be associated with increased risk of ADHD, and based on the findings it was concluded that further research is needed to describe the mechanism(s) underlying the association. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; XX(X) 1-XX)
The resistance of laser-diffused diode links

Laser-diffused diode link (LDL) process makes possible a direct connection between devices at the substrate level, thus giving more flexibility to the overall system design. The electrical properties of these diode links are studied. Calculations based on a model for the resistance agree well with available experimental data. This model also provides physical insight on previously undetermined material properties such as the dopant diffusivity in the melt as a function of temperature. >
Neural networks for active drag reduction in fully turbulent airflows

This paper presents the application of a neural network controller to the problem of active drag reduction in a fully turbulent 3D fluid flow regime. Based on a successful yet infeasible previous active control scheme, we trained a neural network to mimic the control law using only surface spanwise shear stress measurements. We then demonstrate the ability of a neural controller implemented in an adaptive inverse model scheme to maintain a drag-reduced flow in a fully turbulent fluid simulation. By observing the weights of the on-line controller, a simple control law that predicts actuations proportional to the spanwise derivative of the spanwise shear stress is derived. Finally we examine the amount of parameter variation that may be required for a physical implementation of linear and nonlinear neural controllers.
Accountability for Consequential Decisions: Justifying Ethical Judgments to Audiences

College students believed that they were judges in a real cheating case (in actuality, it was fictitious) under adjudication by a student honor court. Participants recommended harsher punishment after being led to believe that they would explain their decisions in a face-to-face meeting with (a) an official from the honor court, as compared to a meeting with the student or no anticipated meeting (Experiment 1), or (b) the professor who brought the charge of cheating, as compared to a meeting with the student (Experiment 2). These effects occurred even when participants wrote their decisions after learning that the anticipated meeting was canceled. The salient audience thus seemed to induce shifts in perspective or evaluative orientation during decision making, and not simply reporting shifts designed to please the audience.
Room-temperature slow light with semiconductor quantum-dot devices

We demonstrate room-temperature slow light that is electrically and optically controllable by using a quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) at zero and low bias below the transparency current. The absorption spectrum of the QD SOA exhibits a spectral dip with a corresponding group-index dispersion and group delay owing to coherent population oscillation caused by the interaction of pump and probe laser light near resonance of the first heavy-hole-conduction-state transition. At an optical pump power of approximately 0.3 mW inside the single-mode waveguide without current injection, a group-index change of 3.0 with a bandwidth of 2 GHz was measured. This group-index change can be controlled by injection of electrical current and by changing the optical pump power.
Does protein kinase a-mediated phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor play any role in adrenergic regulation of calcium handling in health and disease?

See related articles, pages 1743–1752 Cardiac myocyte ryanodine receptors (sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR] Ca release channel; cardiac ryanodine receptor [RyR2]) are localized in the junctional SR, in close proximity to L-type Ca channels (LTCCs) embedded in the membranes of the transverse (T)-tubules. This signaling microdomain has been termed the couplon,1 because it is here that excitation–contraction coupling takes place. As the heart fills with blood during diastole, RyR2 is stabilized in a closed state, allowing Ca uptake by the SR Ca ATPase to pump Ca from the cytoplasm into the SR, providing the primary source of Ca to activate the contractile apparatus during the next heart beat (systole). During systole, the cardiac action potential depolarizes the T-tubules and causes the opening of LTCCs. Ca influx through LTCCs elevates the [Ca] within the cytoplasmic space between the T-tubular and SR membrane, which promotes Ca binding to neighboring RyR2s, inducing some to open. Ca then moves out of the SR lumen into the subsarcolemmal, space and the additional elevation of [Ca] induces a regenerative opening of other RyRs in the couplon. The resulting localized Ca signal is called a Ca spark.2 The action potential synchronizes these local Ca release events throughout the cell (termed Ca-induced Ca release) to produce the global cardiac [Ca] transient.3 The stabilized closed state and Ca-dependent opening of RyR2 during diastole and systole are essential for normal cardiac diastolic and systolic function. Destabilizing the behavior of RyR2 would be expected to have a negative …
Smart random channel access in OFDM systems by joint signal processing and packet scheduling

Wireless LAN and many other wireless communication systems have applied OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division modulation) to mitigate multipath. Considering that the requirement of random access may reduce performance due to contentions, in this paper we show that OFDM techniques can assist random access contention resolution. A method is proposed with both OFDM-based physical layer signal processing and MAC layer packet scheduling. It is based on the separation of collided packets in OFDM, which is assisted by the scheduling protocols in the MAC layer. It provides a new way to improve the performance of random access in OFDM-based systems such as wireless LAN. Contentions can be completely resolved, which improves throughput. QoS may also be supported in random access networks.
Struggling with the Labeled Self: People with Traumatic Brain Injuries in Social Settings

The sense of loss of self that individuals with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) experience when they interact with society is explored in this article. An individual with TBI believes that others possess the power to label him or her. The labels, whether their connotations are negative or positive, often contradict the individual's self-definition, making him or her feel that he or she is not understood. Many individuals with TBI devise strategies to maintain or create a shared meaning of self in society. They try to control information about themselves or change the terms applied to them. Through these strategies, people with TBI redefine themselves as objects of medical intervention while excluding brain injuries from their identities, or the essential parts of themselves.
Ambulatory Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S., 1997–2012

Background Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods We conducted descriptive analyses of cross-sectional data using the IMS Health National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative audit of ambulatory physician practices in the US. We focused on visits for diabetes among patients 35 years or older. We used the IMS Health National Prescription Audit of pharmacy dispensing to derive information about drug expenditures. Results Ambulatory diabetes visits increased from 23 million [M] treatment visits in 1997 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 21-25M) to 35M (CI 32-37M) in 2007 and declined to 31M visits by 2012 (CI 27-31M). Between 1997 and 2012 biguanide use increased, from 23% (20-26%) to 53% (50-56%) of treatment visits. Glitazone use grew from 6% (CI 4-8%) in 1997 to 41% (CI 39-43%) of all visits in 2005, but declined to 16% (CI 8-12%) by 2012. Since 2005, DPP-4 inhibitor use increased steadily, representing 21% (CI 18-23%) of treatment visits by 2012. GLP-1 agonists accounted for 4% of treatment visits in 2012. Visits where two or more drug compounds were used increased nearly 40% from 1997 to 2012. Between 2008 and 2012, drug expenditures increased 61%, driven primarily by use of insulin glargine and DPP-4 inhibitors. Conclusions Declining sulfonylurea and glitazone use has been offset by increases in DPP-4 inhibitor use and, to a lesser degree, use of GLP-1 agonists. Treatment of diabetes has grown in complexity while older treatments continue to be replaced or supplemented by newer therapies.
The genetic and environmental relationship between major depression and the five-factor model of personality.

BackgroundCertain personality traits have long been suspected to reflect an enduring vulnerability to major depression (MD) in part because of shared genetic risk factors. Although many have agreed that normative personality is well captured by the ‘Big-Five’ personality traits of Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N), to date genetically informative studies have only examined the relationship between MD and N and E.MethodQuestionnaires were completed on a website, yielding a sample of 44 112 subjects including both members of 542 same-sex twin pairs. Personality was measured by the Big Five Inventory. Structural modeling was performed by Mx.ResultsThree of the big-five personality traits – O, E and A – had small phenotypic associations with risk for MD and small genetic correlations. Two traits – N and C – had stronger phenotypic associations (positive for N and negative for C) with the following estimates of the genetic correlation with MD: +0.43 for N and −0.36 for C. N and C were moderately negatively correlated. Controlling for N reduced the genetic correlation between C and MD more than controlling for C reduced the genetic correlation between N and MD.ConclusionsA large proportion of the genetic risk for MD that is expressed via personality is captured by N, with a modest amount due to C, and small amounts from O, E and A.
On the role of conflict and control in social cognition: Event‐related brain potential investigations

Numerous social-cognitive models posit that social behavior largely is driven by links between constructs in long-term memory that automatically become activated when relevant stimuli are encountered. Various response biases have been understood in terms of the influence of such "implicit" processes on behavior. This article reviews event-related potential (ERP) studies investigating the role played by cognitive control and conflict resolution processes in social-cognitive phenomena typically deemed automatic. Neurocognitive responses associated with response activation and conflict often are sensitive to the same stimulus manipulations that produce differential behavioral responses on social-cognitive tasks and that often are attributed to the role of automatic associations. Findings are discussed in the context of an overarching social cognitive neuroscience model in which physiological data are used to constrain social-cognitive theories.
Adaptive Optimizations for Surveillance Sensor Network Longevity

Sensor networks are typically wireless networks composed of resource-constrained battery powered devices. In this paper, we present a criterion for determining whether or not a surveillance sensor network is viable. We use this criterion to compare methods for extending the effective lifetime of the sensor network. The life extension methods we consider are local adaptations that reduce the energy drain on individual nodes. They are communications range management, node repositioning, and data agreement. Simulations of a surveillance scenario quantify the utility of these methods. Our results indicate that data agreement provides the most improvement in network longevity, and communications range management is also useful. Repositioning nodes to reduce the power needed for communications is dependent on the amount of attenuation experienced by the node's communications signal and the volume of traffic between nodes. When these factors are considered, node repositioning is an effective strategy for network life extension. Synergies between the energy conservation approaches are also explored.