cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Looking at the Small Costs: Should 28 U.S.C. § 1920 Include Document Translations?

Rule 54(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure affords the prevailing party the opportunity to obtain different “costs” from the losing party after a judgment in a federal civil case. Although district courts have the authority to award costs under Rule 54(d), not all expenses in connection with a lawsuit are recoverable. 28 U.S.C. § 1920(6) states that “[a] judge or clerk of any court of the United States may tax as costs the following: (6) Compensation of court appointed experts, compensation of interpreters, and salaries, fees, expenses, and costs of special interpretation services under section 1828 of this title.” However, United States circuit courts are conflicted as to exactly what is included under “interpreters.”
Interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT: sensitivity in the detection of seizure foci in patients with medically intractable epilepsy

Summary Purpose: Interictal positron emission tomography (PET) and ictal subtraction single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain have been shown to be valuable tests in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. To determine the relative utility of these methods in the localization of seizure foci, we compared interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT to subdural and depth electrode recordings in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Methods: Between 2003 and 2009, clinical information on all patients at our institution undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was charted in a prospectively recorded database. Patients who underwent preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT were selected from this database. Patient characteristics and the findings on preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT were analyzed. Sensitivity of detection of seizure foci for each modality, as compared to intracranial EEG monitoring, was calculated. Key Findings: Fifty-three patients underwent intracranial EEG monitoring with preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT scans. The average patient age was 32.7 years (median 32 years, range 1–60 years). Twenty-seven patients had findings of reduced metabolism on interictal PET scan, whereas all 53 patients studied demonstrated a region of relative hyperperfusion on ictal subtraction SPECT suggestive of an epileptogenic zone. Intracranial EEG monitoring identified a single seizure focus in 45 patients, with 39 eventually undergoing resective surgery. Of the 45 patients in whom a seizure focus was localized, PET scan identified the same region in 25 cases (56% sensitivity) and SPECT in 39 cases (87% sensitivity). Intracranial EEG was concordant with at least one study in 41 cases (91%) and both studies in 23 cases (51%). In 16 (80%) of 20 cases where PET did not correlate with intracranial EEG, the SPECT study was concordant. Conversely, PET and intracranial EEG were concordant in two (33%) of the six cases where the SPECT did not demonstrate the seizure focus outlined by intracranial EEG. Thirty-three patients had surgical resection and >2 years of follow-up, and 21 of these (64%) had Engel class 1 outcome. No significant effect of imaging concordance on seizure outcome was seen. Significance: Interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT studies can provide important information in the preoperative evaluation of medically intractable epilepsy. Of the two studies, ictal subtraction SPECT appears to be the more sensitive. When both studies are used together, however, they can provide complementary information.
A reconfigurable liquid metal antenna driven by electrochemically controlled capillarity

We describe a new electrochemical method for reversible, pump-free control of liquid eutectic gallium and indium (EGaIn) in a capillary. Electrochemical deposition (or removal) of a surface oxide on the EGaIn significantly lowers (or increases) its interfacial tension as a means to induce the liquid metal in (or out) of the capillary. A fabricated prototype demonstrates this method in a reconfigurable antenna application in which EGaIn forms the radiating element. By inducing a change in the physical length of the EGaIn, the operating frequency of the antenna tunes over a large bandwidth. This purely electrochemical mechanism uses low, DC voltages to tune the antenna continuously and reversibly between 0.66 GHz and 3.4 GHz resulting in a 5:1 tuning range. Gain and radiation pattern measurements agree with electromagnetic simulations of the device, and its measured radiation efficiency varies from 41% to 70% over its tuning range.
Mn 55 nuclear acoustic resonance in antiferromagnetic RbMn F 3 near the Néel temperature

The frequency-temperature relation for nuclear resonance of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{55}$ has been studied in the antiferromagnetically ordered phase of RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, using ultrasonic methods. For $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}60$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K molecular-field theory and for $60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}{T}_{N}$ (N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}=83$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) a modified molecular-field theory is found to be consistent with the experimental results. Evidence is found for a strong effect of coupling between nuclear and electronic spin-wave modes in RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ near ${T}_{N}$.
The interplay and effectiveness of implicit and explicit avoidant defenses

Individuals high on attachment avoidance are uncomfortable with thoughts of separation and loss. The goal of this research is to answer questions about the efficacy and interplay of the explicit (conscious) and implicit (preconscious) components of mental defenses designed to avoid uncomfortable thoughts. We manipulated the presence of subliminal attachment threat primes and participants’ awareness of those primes. While undergoing condition-specific threat manipulations, participants completed measures designed to measure attachment system activation. Avoidant participants who were aware of genuine attachment threat primes behaved defensively, whereas avoidant participants who were given false warnings of attachment threat primes did not. Results suggest that avoidant defenses operate on both implicit and explicit levels and are resilient to false activation.
Determination of urine dopamine.

The Duliere and Raper conversion of dopamine to 5,6-hydroxyindole is applied to urinary dopamine, which is concentrated and recovered by adsorption (pH 8.5-9.0) on and elution with dilute acetic acid from alumina. The spectrofluorometric readings are made at pH 5.3, with activation and fluorescence at 320 and 375 mµ, respectively. Proportionality between high and low internal standards is achieved when the 5,6-hydroxyindole reaction proceeds for 20 hours at room temperature. The increase of fluorescence with time adds specificity to the test. The recovery of standards added before adsorption on alumina compared with standards added after elution was 98 per cent. Urinary dopamine was determined in normal individuals asleep and awake and in those with a number of pathologic conditions. The mean values were decreased in groups with Parkinsonism, diabetes, and cirrhosis of the liver. The study included 2 patients with pheochromocytoma.
INDUCTION OF HYPERPLASIA AND ANAPLASIA BY CARCINOGENS IN ORGAN CULTURES OF MOUSE PROSTATE

In an effort to establish a test system to examine the carcinogenic potential of chemicals, mouse prostate explants were maintained as organ cultures and the effects of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic compounds were examined at various intervals after treatment. The degree of hyperplasia produced by a compound was determined by the colcemid metaphase arrest technique. Extensive hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelium occurred at 8 days after treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, the 11-12 epoxide of methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. At 12 days most carcinogen-treated explants were anaplastic. The noncarcinogenic compounds, pyrene and phenanthrene, did not produce a mitotic stimulatory effect on the epithelium of the explants. The data suggest that the organ culture system of mouse prostate may be employed as a test system to obtain preliminary information regarding the cardinogenicity of a compound.
Chronic gastritis is not associated with gastric dysrhythmia or delayed solid emptying in children with dyspepsia.

To determine if chronic gastritis (CG) is associated with gastric dysrhythmia or delayed solid emptying in children with dyspepsia, 22 patients (7–15 years of age) with dyspepsia and normal gross endoscopies were studied. Antral biopsies were evaluated for chronic gastritis, and immunohistology was performed to determine densities of CD3+, CD20+, CD25+, and tryptase-positive cells. Electrogastrography (EGG) and gastric scintiscan evaluation were performed within 2–7 days of endoscopy. CG and increased immune cell densities were not associated with altered gastric emptying. Mean CD3+ cell counts were positively correlated with the percentage normal slow waves, and patients with a normal EGG had increased CD3+ cell density. In children with dyspepsia, chronic antral inflammation in the setting of a normal gross endoscopy is not associated with EGG abnormalities or delayed solid emptying. Chronic gastritis and gastric dysrhythmia may simply be two separate and distinct mechanisms resulting in the clinical entity of dyspepsia.
Increased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in leukaemic lymphocytes.

THE intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP influences cellular proliferation and maturation in both normal and malignant tissue. For example, the concentration of cyclic AMP—changes during the cell cycle being lowest during mitosis1—is inversely related to the rate of cell growth2, and is elevated in contact-inhibited cell populations3,4. In studies of malignant tissue, the concentration of cyclic AMP is lower in cells transformed in vitro by oncogenic viruses than in untransformed cells3–5, and is lower in certain tumours grown in vivo than in the corresponding normal tissue6,7. Furthermore, in malignant cells, exogenous cyclic AMP or agents that increase the intracellular concentration of this cyclic nucleotide decrease the rate of growth8 and induce morphological and biochemical differentiation9,10.
Soybean mosaic virus: vector specificity and coat protein properties.

Aphid transmission studies of two soybean mosaic virus isolates have shown that both isolates are transmitted by Myzus persicae. Only one of the isolates is transmitted by Rhopalosiphum maidis. The R. madis non-transmissible isolate could be transmitted from plants co-infected with the R. maidis transmissible isolate; aphid acquisition factor did not seem to mediate this transmission. The two isolates could be differentiated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments, but peptide mapping experiments revealed few differences between the isolates.
Effects of a reward downshift on the consummatory behavior and flower choices of bumblebee foragers

Insect foragers often exhibit flower constancy, the tendency to visit single flower types rather than sample alternative flowers that provide equal or higher levels of reward. We employed a negative incentive contrast procedure to examine whether a decrease of sucrose concentration in a regularly visited flower type affects bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) consummatory or choice behavior. Subjects were trained to enter a test arena where they foraged on a single, red, artificial flower that contained 140 microl of sucrose solution. Subjects were reinforced with a concentration of either 0.50 or 0.20 sucrose solution in 20 trials and in 12 subsequent test trials subjects were given a choice between a red and yellow flower that each contained 140 microl of 0.20 sucrose solution. Subjects that experienced a downshift of reward showed an abrupt disruption in consumption of sucrose solution from the red flower. These subjects were also significantly more likely to visit the novel yellow flower than subjects that were reinforced with 0.20 sucrose solution in red flowers in all trials. However, the effects of the downshift of reward were transient and appeared to disrupt consummatory behavior more strongly than flower preferences. These results support the idea that bumblebee foragers form expectations of reward in flowers--as is implied by the results of studies of honeybees--and suggest that unrealized expectations of reward may cause foragers to sample alternative flowers or to fly considerable distances in search of particular types of flowers.
Communication Boundary Management: A Theoretical Model of Managing Disclosure of Private Information Between Marital Couples

This article presents a theoretical approach that may be used to understand the way individuals regulate disclosure of private information. The communication boundary management perspective, while more generally applicable, in this presentation focuses on the way marital couples manage talking about private matters with each other. This theoretical perspective presents a boundary coordination process representing couples’management of communication boundaries in balancing a need for difclosure with the need for privacy. The theory identifies the prerequisite conditions for disclosure and the message strategies a disclosing spouse may use to tell private information, as well as the strategic messages the marital partner may use to reply. In addition, a proposal for the way the disclosing spouse and receiving partner manage the coordination of their communication boundaries is presented.
An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, cis-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-n,n-dimethylaminomethyl-bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane, hydrochloride.

Abstract LR5182 inhibited the uptake of dopamine in rat striatal synaptosomes and the uptake of norepinephrine in cortical synaptosomes with inhibitor constants, Ki values, of 3nM and 58nM, respectively. It was only a week inhibitor of serotonin uptake in cortical synaptosomes with a Ki value of 1.7μM. The uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine were significantly lowered within an hour after an intraperitoneal injection of LR5182. Among known inhibitors of dopamine uptake in synaptosomes of rat brain, LR5182 is most effective and selective. The rigid structure of LR5182 (Figure 1) suggested a gauche conformation of dopamine to be favored by the striatal uptake of dopamine.
Angioedema: 5 years' experience, with a review of the disorder's presentation and treatment.

Angioedema is a problem that the otolaryngologist—head and neck surgeon is often asked to treat. This report concerns 17 patients admitted for care during a 5-year period. At their initial presentation, 94% of these patients manifested signs and symptoms of angioedema in the head and neck; three of them required urgent tracheotomy or intubation. As treatment of complement-mediated angioedema is distinct, an etiology-specific diagnostic and treatment protocol is presented. Of the patients, 35% had recent initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy for hypertension, and 6% demonstrated classic hereditary angioedema. However, the majority of them (59%) had unclear etiologies for their symptoms. Since angioedema is the final result of several possible abnormalities, a thorough knowledge of the differential diagnosis and clinical presentation is vital to patient management.
Face Concerns and Facework Strategies in Maintaining Postdivorce Coparenting and Dating Relationships

After divorce, coparents struggle with coping with the divorce, parenting, maintaining contact with one another, and developing dating relationships. They find challenge in maintaining multiple relationships, but we know little about how coparents manage face threats in light of these challenges. Thirty-five coparents who dated after divorce took part in interviews regarding facework in their coparenting relationships. Coparents experienced positive face threats related to their parenting and familial responsibilities. Negative face threats included being constrained in parenting choices and replaced by coparents' dating partners. Coparents employed multiple facework strategies, including decreasing communication with one another, confronting one another, and communicating through e-mail.
Characterization of Creep-Damaged Grain Boundaries of Alloy 617

Intergranular cracking and void nucleation occur over extended periods of time in alloy 617 when subjected to stress at high temperatures. Damage occurs inhomogeneously with some boundaries suffering failure, while others are seemingly immune to creep. Crack propagation associated with grain size, and grain boundary character was investigated to determine which types of grain boundaries are susceptible to damage and which are more resistant. Electron backscatter diffraction and a stereological approach to obtain the five-parameter grain boundary distribution were used to measure the proportions of each type of boundary in the initial and damaged structures. The samples were crept at 1273.15 K (1000 °C) at 25 MPa until fracture. It was found that in addition to low-angle and coherent twin boundaries, other low index boundary plane grain boundaries with twist character are relatively resistant to creep.
Intergovernmental Relations in the Reagan Era

This article reviews federal Reagan-era policies that affected grant-in-aid programs to state and local governments. We find the most important developments in federal aid policies of the Reagan years are twofold—the relative decline in the national government’s involvement in domestic affairs and the concomitant rise in the role of the states. The administration achieved these effects by devolving federal authority to states and by reducing grant spending. Reagan’s biggest cuts in federal aid outlays came in 1981; in subsequent years, total grant outlays began to rebound, increasing in nominal dollars to levels above those in the Carter years, though still below the high-water mark reached in 1978 in real terms. Medicaid, the largest federal aid program, accounts for most of the overall growth, masking cuts in operating and capital grant programs. Reagan’s devolutionary and retrenchment policies are one of several factors we see as contributing to the rising role of states in domestic affairs, a trend we think is likely to continue in the next administration.
Acoustic structure and receiver response in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris

Abstract The hypothesis that short, rapidly repeated rising notes increase motor activity levels in canids, and that longer, continuous descending notes decrease activity was tested. Young laboratory-raised domestic dogs were trained in a repeated measures study to (1) come to the trainer and to (2) sit and stay for 2 s to two different acoustic stimuli: four short notes with a rising fundamental frequency and one long note with a descending fundamental frequency. While one long note was not more effective at eliciting a sit/stay response, four short notes were more effective at eliciting a come response and increasing motor activity levels than one longer continuous note. Thus, acoustic stimuli are not equipotent in eliciting responses that require changes in motor activity levels and could be used by signal senders to influence the behaviour of the signal receiver. The acoustic structures in the study are compared with vocalizations of mammals and birds that elicit approach, and/or increase motor activity levels.
Vibrational energy redistribution in glyoxal following internal conversion

The vibrational redistribution of energy following internal conversion in glyoxal has been studied in a molecular beam using the ’’pump‐and‐probe’’ technique. A beam of glyoxal is initially pumped from So to a selected vibronic level of S1. After internal conversion occurs, a tunable dye laser is used to probe the hot band absorption of the molecules by re‐excitation into S1. The total fluorescence as a function of probe laser wavelength is observed. The excitation spectrum is broad and featureless in the red but shows sharp structure in the vicinity of the pump laser wavelength. However, the sharp structure depends on the portion of the rotational contour excited. The experimental results show that the redistribution of energy is nonstatistical among the isoenergetic levels. This is explained by assuming that combination bands of low quanta of vibrations are the accepting levels in the internal conversion process and that these accepting levels undergo slow energy redistribution.
Valproate-induced hyperammonemia

A patient with carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency had four episodes of hyperammonemia, up to 226 microM, associated with valproate (VPA) treatment. These were accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, and coma. A group of epileptic patients receiving VPA remained asymptomatic but had significantly higher mean plasma ammonium levels when compared to epileptic patients receiving other anticonvulsants: 33.6 +/- 1.9 (SEM) versus 23.6 +/- 1.5 microM. Thus, VPA caused symptomatic hyperammonemia in a patient with an impairment in urea synthesis and resulted in mildly elevated ammonium levels in epileptic patients. These data suggest that ammonium levels should be monitored in patients receiving VPA who exhibit signs of vomiting or lethargy.
Topological couplings and contact terms in 2d field theory

In string theory and in topological quantum field theory one encounters operators whose effect in correlation functions is simply to measure the topology of 2d spacetime. In particular these “dilaton”-type operators count the number of other operators via contact terms with the latter. While contact terms in general have a reputation for being convention-dependent, the ones considered here are well-defined by virtue of their simple geometrical meaning: they reflect the geometry of the stable-curve compactification. We give an unambiguous prescription for their evaluation which involves no analytic continuation in momenta.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Use Among Melanoma Patients 75 Years of Age and Older.

While SLN biopsy is recommended for melanoma ≥1 mm in depth, its use among the elderly population is more controversial. We reviewed our experience at the University of Michigan with melanoma patients ≥75 years of age. A total of 952 melanoma patients ≥75 years of age from 1996 to 2011 were identified from our institutional review board-approved database. In addition to clinicopathologic features and outcome data, comorbidity data were collected to calculate the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to characterize predictors of outcome. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to generate survival curves. Among 553 clinically node-negative patients with melanoma ≥1 mm in Breslow thickness, 213 had wide excision alone, whereas 340 had excision and SLN biopsy, with 83 (24 %) having a positive SLN. SLN biopsy was less likely with older age (p < 0.0001) and H&N location (p = 0.007), but not CCI. SLN involvement was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.15, p = 0.009], Breslow thickness [OR 1.23/mm increase, p = 0.004], and satellitosis (OR 4.43, p = 0.004). Distant disease-specific survival was negatively associated with male gender (OR 1.5, p = 0.007), increasing age (OR 1.05/year, p < 0.001), increasing Breslow thickness (OR 1.07/year, p = 0.013), ulceration (OR 1.51, p = 0.004), a positive SLN (OR 2.61, p < 0.001), and not having a SLN biopsy (OR 1.72, p < 0.001). CCI did not predict worse disease-free or melanoma-specific survival. WLE and SLN biopsy was not only strongly prognostic, but compared with WLE alone was associated with improved outcome, even after factoring for age and comorbidities. If otherwise healthy, SLN biopsy should be strongly considered for this population.
Entrainment of respiration to repetitive finger tapping

Subjects were instructed to synchronize finger tapping with visual signals of various frequencies. It was found that breathing rate became entrained to tapping rate if the latter fell within a range of two breaths per minute of the subject’s previous breathing rate. Entrainment did not occur when the subject merely monitored the visual stimuli but only during performance of tapping. The effect occurred without subjects’ awareness and was observed only in the absence of deliberate adjustments in respiratory frequency on the part of the subject. Temporal restrictions on the neural events responsible for motor output appear to be responsible for the phenomenon.
Relevance of nitric oxide in pain mechanisms and pain management

Nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in the mechanisms of pain generation and transmission throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems (including brain and spinal cord and perivascular tissue and peripheral nerve terminals) and locally released pain mediators (including formation of inflammation and vascular edema). NO mechanisms are also involved in the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and local anesthetics. These novel observations dictate new approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of migraine, neuropathic pain, and other forms of chronic, intractable pain that are resistant to classical pharmacotherapy.The new strategies of pharmacologic pain treatment are increasing rapidly due to the availability of new drugs modulating the NO-activated cascade and soon may be available for clinical use.
Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks

In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks , Rebecca Skloot tells the moving story of the woman who was the source of the first immortal cell line (HeLa) ( 1 ). The cells were obtained at Johns Hopkins University in 1951 from biopsies performed during her treatment for cervical cancer. Her physicians did not seek her consent before using her tissue for research, nor did they receive any personal financial gain from the cell line.
Did Lake Manly overflow at Ash Hill

ABSTRACTNear Ash Hill in the Mojave Desert, California, there is an impressive channel that is cut in bedrock. The channel is in a passthrough which Lake Manly, the pluvial lake that occupied Death Valley, could have overﬂowed. Indeed, the channel hasbeen attributed to such overﬂow. The pass, however, is 500m above the highest shorelines of Lake Manly in Death Valley,and evidence from cores from dry lakes on either side of the pass does not support the overﬂow hypothesis.Despite its size, new ﬁeld observations suggest that the channel was actually eroded by local runoff. Water from severaltributaries collects into a single channel at this point, and the resulting discharge is apparently sufﬁcient to cause retreat of aknickpoint from the downstream edge of the basalt ﬂow into which the channel is cut.  1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Earth surf. process. landforms, 23, 377–384 (1998) KEY WORDS : Lake Manly; Death Valley; California; pluvial lakes INTRODUCTIONPluvial lakes occupied closed basins in the western United States repeatedly during the Pleistocene. The largestof these were lakes Lahontan and Bonneville (Gilbert, 1890; Morrison, 1964; Benson et al ., 1990; Reheis, 1996)(Figure 1). Although much smaller, Lake Manly in Death Valley (Blackwelder, 1933, 1954; Hooke, 1972;Hooke and Dorn, 1992; Li et al ., 1996; Roberts, 1996) still had a surface area of over 3000km
Calculation of the Concentration of Any Radionuclide Deposited on the Ground by Offsite Fallout from a Nuclear Detonation

AbstractA method is described to calculate the dry deposition on the ground of any radionuclide in offsite fallout from a nuclear weapons test. The method depends upon the calculation of a source term (microcuries per square meter of fission and activation products), the use of concentration-to-expo
Environmental stress cracking of polyethylene

Deformation of polyethylene in environmental stress cracking (ESC) agents results in changes in both the mechanism of deformation and structure of the resulting drawn material. Stress-cracked failure surfaces are highly fibrillar, the fibrils having less elastic recovery than those in samples drawn in air. In thin films drawn in ESC agents, small blocks of the lamellae remain undrawn and attached to the fibrils drawn across micronecks. The ESC agents are suggested to weaken the cohesion between the fibrils in samples drawn beyond yield as well as the cohesion between mosaic blocks or similar structural elements in the original lamellae as they are being reoriented to form the fibrils. The stress is thus supported by a number of independent, nonuniform fibrils rather than a coherent structure; the weakest of these fibrils fail in turn as the crack propagates through the sample.
Anti‐antitrust: Ideology or economics? Reply to Scherer

F.M. Scherer has not effectively rebutted my subjectivist criticism of the standard microeconomic welfare model; Scherer's historical reference to what Congress (allegedly) believed is irrelevant to the theoretical concerns raised by subjectivism. Nor does my “principal” criticism of antitrust policy rests on “philosophical foundations”; my principal criticism rests on conventional economic analysis and a detailed economic history of the classic antitrust cases. My conclusion that the electrical equipment conspiracy of the late 1950s had no significant effect on market prices is supported by Ralph Sultan's findings; indeed, it is Scherer who brutally ignores the context and misrepresents the general thrust of Sultan's research. Scherer's comments on OPEC confuse the distinction that I made between private and governmental cartels. Finally, the economic welfare model that Scherer embraces so enthusiastically at the start of his review cannot be so suddenly discarded when I show something inconvenient: name...
Big Five Personality Traits and Responses to Persuasive Appeals: Results from Voter Turnout Experiments

We examine whether Big Five personality traits are associated with heterogeneous responses to commonly used Get-Out-The-Vote (GOTV) appeals in both a survey and a field experiment. The results suggest that Big Five personality traits affect how people respond to the costs and benefits of voting highlighted in GOTV appeals. Our evidence also suggests that one trait—Openness—is associated with broad persuasibility, while others shape responses to particular types of messages. In some cases the conditioning effects of Big Five traits are substantial. For example, in the one-voter households (HHs) included in our field experiment, we find that a mailer that raised the specter of social sanctions increased the likelihood of voting by a statistically greater amount among those scoring high on Openness. The findings constitute an important step forward in understanding how core personality traits shape responses to various aspects of the act of voting.
Call center employee personality factors and service performance

Purpose – The challenge of attracting and retaining high performing call center employees is significant. Research in general has shown a link between personality factors and job performance. This study aims to focus on examining the relationship between personality factors and performance using service performance indicators and further, to study the role of emotional exhaustion in this relationship in the context of call centers.Design/methodology/approach – Using a structured questionnaire 194 call center employees and their supervisors were surveyed in eight call centers in five companies in the insurance and telecommunications industries.Findings – Results using structural equation modeling showed that, with the exception of extraversion/introversion, all of the personality dimensions of the five factor model: conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to new experience and emotional stability as well as locus of control were significantly related to one or more of the performance measures. Emotional...
Visualizing jobs with shared resources in distributed environments

In this paper we describe a visualization system that shows the behavior of jobs in large, distributed computing clusters. The system has been in use for two years, and is sufficiently generic to be applied in two quite different domains: a Hadoop MapReduce environment and the Watson DeepQA DUCC cluster. Scalable and flexible data processing systems typically run hundreds or more of simultaneous jobs. The creation, termination, expansion and contraction of these jobs can be very dynamic and transient, and it is difficult to understand this behavior without showing its evolution over time. While traditional monitoring tools typically show either snapshots of the current load balancing or aggregate trends over time, our new visualization technique shows the behavior of each of the jobs over time in the context of the cluster, and in either a real-time or post-mortem view. Its new algorithm runs in realtime mode and can make retroactive adjustments to produce smooth layouts. Moreover, our system allows users to drill down to see details about individual jobs. The visualization has been proven useful for administrators to see the overall occupancy, trends and job allocations in the cluster, and for users to spot errors or to monitor how many resources are given to their jobs.
Developing a multicultural nutrition education tool: Pacific Island food models.

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) are 1 of the highestrisk US populations affected by the cardiometobolic diseases of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, which can be improved with increased nutrition education and counseling. Barriers to health improvements through effective nutrition education include limited English proficiency, differences in social norms related to food, and limited availability of preferred food items. Development and dissemination of innovative tools, such as culturally relevant food models, are needed to address these barriers. In 2004, the Center for Native and Pacific Health Disparities Research (the Center) at the University of Hawai‘i, John A. Burns School of Medicine, conducted a health education needs assessment of community health agencies serving NHOPI. When asked what type of support the community health agencies needed to provide quality cardiovascular disease education to their population, agency representatives indicated that much of the nutrition counseling and education material currently available was not representative of a Pacific population. Food models of NHOPI ethnic foods were specifically identified as a priority to assist effective nutrition counseling and education in multilingual and low-literacy populations.
WE-C-213A-01: ACR MRI Accreditation: Medical Physicist Role in the Application Process

The medical physicist plays an important role in several aspects of the ACR MRI accreditation program. In 2008 significant program changes were made. The new program is modular so that facilities can apply for accreditation in any or all of six clinical modules depending on the practice. Each of the modules allows flexible protocol choices for clinical image submission, while setting minimum requirements for spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and total scan time. Two phantoms are now available to allow accreditation of both large bore magnets and small bore orthopedic MRI systems. During the application or renewal process the physicist can provide expertise to MRI facilities by acquiring the phantom images and assessing whether phantom image quality will meet ACR requirements. When image quality measures fall below standards, the physicist can identify the cause and offer recommendations for corrective action. In addition, prior to acquiring clinical images for accreditation, the physicist can determine whether the site's clinical protocols provide adequate spatial and temporal resolution. Learning Objectives: 1. Present an overview of the new modular ACR MRI Accreditation program as it applies to phantom image acquisition for accreditation application. 2. Discuss phantom image quality failures, possible causes and potential remedies. 3. Provide advice for avoiding common pitfalls in the phantom image submission process.
What Is ONIX for Serials? What Potential Does It Have for the Serials Workflow?

The NISO/EDItEUR Joint Working Party for the Exchange of Serials Subscription Information (JWP) has defined three different ONIX (Online Information Exchange) for Serials formats: Serials Products and Subscriptions (SPS), Serials Online Holdings (SOH), and Serials Release Notice (SRN). The new formats are designed to provide information about the availability of serial publications more efficiently than manual update systems. Publishers and middle agents, as well as libraries, have many potential gains to be derived from early adoption and use of the formats as soon as they appear in their final form.
Catalytic cycle of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. Solvent viscosity, deuterium isotope effects, and proton inventory studies.

The phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus (PLCBc) is a 28.5 kDa enzyme with three zinc ions in its active site. Although much is known about the roles that various PLCBc active site amino acids play in binding and catalysis, there is little information about the rate-determining step of the PLCBc-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids and the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. To gain insight into these aspects of the hydrolysis, solvent viscosity variation experiments were conducted to determine whether an external step (substrate binding or product release) or an internal step (hydrolysis) is rate-limiting. The data indicate that the PLCBc-catalyzed reaction is unaffected by changes in solvent viscosity. This observation is inconsistent with the notion of substrate binding or product release being rate-determining and supports the hypothesis that a chemical step is rate-limiting. Furthermore, a deuterium isotope effect of 1.9 and a linear proton inventory plot indicate one proto...
Total hemispherical emissivities of copper, aluminum, and silver.

The temperature variation of the total hemispherical emissivities of Cu, Al, and Ag has been studied by using a temperature decay method in the 150–1000-K range. The results obtained are found to support, for the first time, a classical relaxation theory developed by Parker and Abbott. The experimental emissivity data are used to calculate the emissive relaxation times τ for Cu, Al, and Ag at various temperatures in this range. These τ values are found to be practically insensitive to temperature, a behavior contrary to that shown by the electrical relaxation times calculated from the resistivity vs temperature data of these metals.
An assessment of database research interest in MIS

This study focuses on the evaluation of database as a field of research and examines its intellectual evolution. An extensive literature review of articles published in MIS journals over the last fifteen years shows that MIS researchers have not placed the same level of importance on database issues as have computer scientists. MIS researchers published have only 159 database articles in thirteen of the top MIS journals during the period of 1980-1994. The majority of these articles were conceptual studies of issues that dealt with the design and management of database systems. This publication record is especially low, considering that 12.5% of MIS faculty listed in the 1989, 1992, and 1995 Directories of MIS Faculty were interested in database research. Of all MIS journals studied, DATA BASE and Information & Management were found to be more likely than others to publish database articles.
On strong ellipticity and the Legendre-Hadamard condition

First, we derive conditions characterizing all fourth order tensors that satisfy the strong ellipticity condition or the Legendre-Hadamard condition. Secondly, we establish the sufficiency of the Legendre-Hadamard condition for the non negativiy of the second variation in non linear elasticity
Reflow process stabilization by chemical characteristics and process conditions

With the shrunken device rule below 130nm, the patterning of smaller contact hole with enough process margin is required for mass production. Therefore, shrinking technology using thermal reflow process has been applied for smaller contact hole formation. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of chemical characteristics such as molecular weight, blocking ratio of resin, cross-linker amount and solvent type with its composition to reflow process of resist and found the optimized chemical composition for reflow process applicable condition. And several process conditions like resist coating thickness and multi-step thermal reflow method have been also evaluated to stabilize the pattern profile and improve CD uniformity after reflow process. From the experiment results, it was confirmed that the effect of crosslinker in resist to reflow properties such as reflow temperature and reflow rate were very critical and it controlled the pattern profile during reflow processing. And also, it showed stable CD uniformity and improved resist properties for top loss, film shrinkage and etch selectivity. The application of lower coating thickness of resist induced symmetric pattern profile even at edge with wider process margin. The introduction of two-step baking method for reflow process showed uniform CD value, also. It is believed that the application of resist containing crosslinker and optimized process conditions for smaller contact hole patterning is necessary for the mass production with a design rule below 130nm.
A device for simultaneously controlling multiple treatment levels of dissolved oxygen in laboratory experiments

Hypoxia is common in freshwater, estuarine, and shallow or enclosed marine systems. Research on the sub-lethal effects of hypoxia on feeding and growth includes both field and laboratory studies. Extended regulation of dissolved oxygen (DO) is difficult to precisely control in the laboratory. Here we describe a device that is capable of simultaneously monitoring and controlling DO at multiple treatment levels, in replicate experimental tanks, for indefinite periods of time. Each treatment level may be static or fluctuate on a diel cycle. The device consists of a series of independent aquarium systems, each of which is monitored and adjusted by a computer program. A data file and chart of DO levels in each treatment level is recorded. A computer program that repeatedly measures and adjusts DO controls the device. Because this apparatus is software-controlled, the user has the flexibility of altering treatment parameters at any time without interrupting experiments.
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOPHAGE OF D'HERELLE VIII. THE MECHANISM OF LYSIS OF DEAD BACTERIA IN THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIOPHAGE.

We have been able to confirm the observations of Twort as well as of Gratia, that dead staphylococcus may undergo lysis if, in addition to a suitable bacteriophage, there is also present live staphylococcus. Moreover, we have endeavored to ascertain the mechanism of this phenomenon and have found that in order to elicit it it is necessary to control the numbers of live and dead bacteria in the mixture. An excess of dead bacteria interferes with lysis by adsorbing the bacteriophage before it has the opportunity to initiate necessary changes in the live bacteria, so that all lysis is prevented. The phenomenon is specific, that is, the lysis of live bacteria is accompanied by lysis of dead bacteria of the same species only. Lysis of dead bacteria occurs best with staphylococcus, an organism which easily undergoes spontaneous autolysis under appropriate conditions. In the case of B. coli or B. dysenteriae the lysis of the dead bacteria is uncertain. Dead bacteria need not be present in the mixture at the beginning of the experiment; they will be dissolved if added any time before, during, or after the completion of lysis of live bacteria. If the test is performed so that a suitable semipermeable membrane is interposed between the dead and live bacteria, the dead bacteria are not dissolved, in spite of the lysis of live bacteria on the other side of the membrane. The agent determining the lysis of dead bacteria is not diffusible, while the principle initiating the lysis of live bacteria diffuses freely and is demonstrably present on both sides of the membrane. The complete independence of the agent causing dissolution of dead bacteria from bacteriophage can also be shown by separating the two agents by means of filtration, or by adsorption on bacteria. The ferment-like substance responsible for the lysis of dead bacteria is different from the bacteriophage. It is not diffusible through collodion, it is easily adsorbed on clay filters, it is heat-labile, and is inactivated on standing. An agent possessing identical properties was found in cultures of staphylococcus undergoing spontaneous autolysis in the absence of bacteriophage, but in this instance the agent appeared in the filtrates considerably later than it did when phage was present.
UV‐B irradiance gradient affects photosynthesis and pigments but not food quality of periphyton

Summary 1 This laboratory study examined the effect of a gradient of UV-B radiation (280–320 nm) on photosynthesis and food quality of periphyton, the trophic base of many freshwater benthic communities. Four irradiances of UV-B (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.3 W m-2) were delivered by UV-B lamps (313 nm peak irradiance) over a 13-day period in the first experiment and over a 4-h period in the second experiment. These irradiances were roughly equivalent to 0, 1, 2, and 4 times the ambient biologically effective (DNA) midsummer, midday UV-B irradiance in Tennessee. 2 Rates of photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments were significantly reduced by irradiances greater than ambient during the 13-day experiment, suggesting that food supply rates to grazers would be depressed by increases in current UV-B levels. Effects on community structure were minor, but mean diatom cell size decreased at higher UV-B irradiances. 3 Irradiated periphyton was fed in surplus to juvenile snails (Physella gyrina) in the first experiment as a bioassay for food quality. Snail growth was the same on all four diets, suggesting that UV-B did not affect food quality. Nitrogen and phosphorus content of the periphyton were not affected by UV-B, either. 4 Photosynthesis by low-biomass periphyton in the second experiment was significantly depressed by irradiances above ambient after only 4 h. Photosynthesis by the high biomass periphyton was not significantly affected by UV-B, suggesting that self-shading reduced UV-B effects.
Autonomous intelligent agent and its potential applications

Intelligent agent is a system built to act on users' behalf. It is installed with intelligence and allowed to have certain degree of autonomous decision making. This paper addresses the foundation and status of an intelligent agent, and introduces its applications and impacts on the society and organization. The concerns and related issues are also discussed in the paper.