cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy studies on the dewetting of perfluorinated ionomer thin films

The surface structure and dewetting process of thin films of complex perfluorinated ion-containing polymers have been studied with atomic force microscopy. These polymers, or ionomers, consist of hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ionic groups, which are noncompatible with one another, and this results in the association of the polymers into supramolecular structures. These types of polymers have a broad range of technological uses, ranging from thin selective coatings to fuel cells in the form of polymer electrolyte membranes. As the technology calls for thinner films, the interfacial structure and dynamics (wetting/dewetting) of the films become critical in controlling the overall behavior of the polymers. The ionomer under consideration forms structured films consisting of bundles of micelles. These ultrathin films do not dewet above the glass-transition temperatures of the polymers, contrary to what has been observed in thin diblock copolymers. Perturbing the system with a high-ionic-strength solution, however, results in a breakup of the primary aggregate and enhances the adhesion of the films and their stability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 149–158, 2003
Innovations in energy efficient and environmentally friendly space-conditioning systems

This paper discusses several different approaches to increase the energy efficiency and decrease the environmental impact of space-conditioning systems. The use of microchannel components and hydronic coupling is presented as a method to drastically reduce the size and refrigerant inventories of the refrigerant-carrying components of vapor-compression heat pumps. Design aspects of heat pumps using carbon dioxide, a natural refrigerant with minimal environmental impact, are discussed, and novel component geometries that offer compactness are presented. The advantages of absorption heat pumps using waste heat and natural gas are discussed, and innovative component designs are presented. It is believed that these innovations will hasten the commercialization of these environmentally benign alternatives to CFC- and HCFC-based vapor-compression systems. The environmental benefits of waste heat-driven absorption chillers are quantified in terms of the energy savings, greenhouse gas emission reductions, and installed electric power reductions. Ground coupling of these heat pumps is also discussed, with specific examples of the performance improvement over similar air-coupled heat pumps.
The Coase Theorem and Some Puzzles on the Tort/Contract Boundary

When one party’s behavior injures another, the law will determine who bears the financial consequences of the injury. Or, more precisely, if the parties are willing and able to pursue legal remedies, the legal rules will influence the final outcomes. In the third of a century since the appearance of “The Problem of Social Cost” much has been written on the efficiency properties of tort remedies. On occasion these speculations are confronted with a reality check. In this paper I want to focus on two such instances. In the first instance, parties contract around a tort rule which appears efficient. In the second, parties fail to contract around a tort rule which appears inefficient. In both instances I will sketch out some arguments which might reconcile these observations.
Voltage and Calcium Coupling in the Genesis of Cardiac Afterdepolarizations

Early (EADs) and delayed (DADs) afterdepolarizations are triggers of cardiac arrhythmias. While DADs are caused by spontaneous Ca releases, EADs can originate from either voltage oscillations or Ca oscillations. In addition, in many situations, both EADs and DADs occur simultaneously. However, voltage and Ca are bi-directionally coupled, how this coupling affects EADs and the interactions between EADs and DADs are not well understood. Here we use an action potential (AP) model of ventricular myocytes with detailed spatiotemporal Ca cycling regulation to investigate the effects of voltage-Ca coupling on EAD and DAD genesis and their interactions. We increased the Ca window current or the late Na current to promote voltage oscillations and changed the RyR leakness and SERCA pump activity to promote Ca oscillations. By scanning the parameter space of voltage and Ca cycling, we found that: 1) EADs can be caused by either voltage oscillations or Ca oscillations. Ca oscillations also promote DADs and triggered activity; 2) An EAD can result from a secondary Ca release event due to transient SR Ca overload caused by very fast Ca re-uptake and/or a lengthened AP; when AP is short, this secondary release results in a DAD; 3) For certain parameters, partially decoupling voltage and Ca by removing the Ca-dependence of IKs suppresses both EADs and DADs, indicating that Ca and voltage interact synergistically to promote EADs and DADs; and 4) Ca oscillations are markedly reduced under voltage clamp conditions, further suggesting that Ca oscillations and voltage oscillations promote each other in a synergistic manner. In conclusion, the coupling of voltage and Ca promotes the formation of EADs and DADs and generates large amplitude EADs that are arrhythmogenic.
Multiple myeloma with a pathologic fracture during pregnancy. A case report.

Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, with approximately 15,000 new cases in the United States each year1. Lytic bone lesions are produced throughout the skeleton as the result of a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells that invade the medullary space and activate osteoclasts. Bone pain is the most common symptom of myeloma and may herald an impending or pathologic fracture. Other clinical manifestations, such as hypercalcemia, renal failure, immune deficiency, and anemia, occur secondary to the production and accumulation of monoclonal proteins, including immunoglobulins and light-chain components. The mean age at the time of diagnosis is sixty-six years, with most cases diagnosed between the sixth and eighth decades of life2. The presentation of multiple myeloma during a woman's childbearing years is exceedingly unusual. To our knowledge, there have been fewer than a dozen reports of multiple myeloma in pregnant patients3-12 and only three reports of multiple myeloma being diagnosed during pregnancy4,5,8. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of myeloma presenting as a pathologic fracture during pregnancy as well as the first reported cancellation of a planned vaginal delivery because of tumor infiltration of the spine and pelvis. Our patient was informed that data concerning this case would be submitted for publication. Aforty-one-year-old woman experienced progressive discomfort of the right arm, the lower back, and the pelvis during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ovulation had been pharmacologically induced, but the pregnancy had been otherwise obstetrically uncomplicated. The symptoms in the right arm acutely worsened at twenty-eight weeks of gestation when she reached to grab a falling object. Radiographs demonstrated all three osseous manifestations of multiple myeloma: focal lytic lesions, osteopenia, and a pathologic fracture of the surgical neck of the …
Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Path-Based Static Traffic Assignment Algorithms

This article proposes strategies to improve the computational efficiency of the three important stages of path-based algorithms (PBAs). These algorithms are used for solving the static user equilibrium traffic assignment problem (STA) by finding shortest paths between various origins and destinations that are based on the present flow conditions to update the path set, updating path flows based on the move direction of the PBA, and updating the link flows and costs. A simple method to preclude the through-routing via the zone centroid is provided in the first strategy and this method helps to avoid unrealistic flow without affecting the flow update process of a PBA. The efficiency of the path flow update process is improved in the second strategy by circumventing unnecessary computation. Faster link flow and link cost update processes are proposed in the third strategy along with a link data structure to support it. Using two recently developed PBAs, the computational experiments validate the effectiveness of these strategies and help to understand their rationale. From a theoretical viewpoint, these strategies help in designing an efficient execution process for PBAs and provide an improved common platform for comparing their performances. These strategies can reduce the computational cost in finding the solution of the STA without increasing the complexity of the execution of the algorithm and the strategies are significant from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Stability of lifted laminar round gas-jet flame

The exact solution of the concentration field of jet fluid in a round laminar jet is presented. This analytical solution, which assumes constant kinematic viscosity and molecular diffusivity, establishes the dependence of the concentration field on the Schmidt number. This solution and a kinematic argument were used to calculate the shape of the lifted flame front in a round laminar jet. The observed shape of the lifted laminar propane flame front was compared with the prediction of this formulation. A spatial-stability criterion of the flame was developed and applied to examine the stability of the lifted flame in the flow field of the round laminar jet. The laminar flame blowout height and the corresponding Reynolds number were calculated from the stability criterion. The predictions agree well with the experimental values. The flame blowout Reynolds number of laminar fuel jets of pure fuels discharging from round pipes with fully developed laminar flow is shown to be directly proportional to the pipe diameter. At blowout the fuel concentration in the vicinity of the flame is found to attain a constant value which lies between the lean flammability limit and the fuel concentration at which the laminar flame speed is maximum. This stability criterion is generalised to laminar gas-jet flames of different fuels using three experimentally determined parameters describing their flame speed-concentration characteristics. The general form can account for dilution of fuel jets with inert gases. That flames can be lifted and blow out while they are still laminar is also demonstrated experimentally.
POTASSIUM‐ARGON DATES ON BASALTIC ROCKS*

The applicability of the K-Ar dating to basalts is being studied. The Palisades Diabase sill and its related basalt flows were chosen as the geological units for the study. Argon and most of the potassium analyses were made by the isotope dilution technique. Some of the potassium analyses were carried out by flame photometry. lt was concluded that more work is necessary before applying this method to basalts generally. (M.C.G.)
A Finite-Point Method for Efficient Gate Characterization Under Multiple Input Switching

Timing characterization of standard cells is one of the essential steps in VLSI design. The traditional static timing analysis (STA) tool assumes single input switching models for the characterization of multiple input gates. However, due to technology scaling, increasing operating frequency, and process variation, the probability of the occurrence of multiple input switching (MIS) is increasing. On the other hand, considering all possible MIS scenarios for the characterization of multiple input logic gates, is computationally intensive. To improve the efficiency, this work proposes a finite-point-based characterization methodology for multiple input gates with the effects of MIS. Furthermore, delay variation due to MIS is integrated into the STA flow through propagation of switching windows. The proposed modeling methodology is validated using benchmark circuits at the 45nm technology node for various operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate significant reduction in computation cost and data volume with less than ∼10p error compared to that of traditional SPICE simulation.
“Your temple is self and sentiment”: David Foster Wallace’s diagnostic novels:

This article contends that David Foster Wallace should be read as a contemporary Christian existentialist, one who depicts the alienation of the individual in mass society but also offers a way bey...
Topics in Finance: Part VIII-Mergers and Acquisitions

In this series, three key axioms — stockholder wealth maximization, the risk-return tradeoff, and agency conflicts — are applied to the major topics in financial management. The current article looks at mergers and acquisitions, reviewing the presumed motivations, the ethical challenges, and the literature dedicated to this financial activity.
Discussion: The Use of Foreign Labor for Seasonal Work in the United States-Issues Involved and Interest Groups in Conflict

places emphasis on the development and adoption of such technology as will reduce the seasonality of employment. This last statement assumes that appropriate new technology can be generated as a matter of public policy. It assumes that new technology is not episodic or random in occurrence. The history of the development of agricultural and nonagricultural technology lends much support to this assumption.
Multifamily Quality Control Inspector Job/Task Analysis and Report: September 2013

The development of job/task analyses (JTAs) is one of three components of the Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals project and will allow industry to develop training resources, quality assurance protocols, accredited training programs, and professional certifications. The Multifamily Quality Control Inspector JTA identifies and catalogs all of the tasks performed by multifamily quality control inspectors, as well as the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to perform the identified tasks.
AE chair

On behalf of all the members of the Organizing Committee, I would like to welcome you to the 4thInternational Conference on Signal Processing and Telecommunication Systems, ICSPCS'2010. The ICSPCS conferences evolved from the series of successful symposia and workshops, i.e. International Symposia on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS), and Workshops on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (WITSP). ICSPCS'2010 incorporates the 12th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS'2010) and the 9thWorkshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, WITSP'2010. The Organizing Committee has succeeded this year in achieving official technical co-sponsorship by the IEEE Communications Society for conference. As a result the ICSPCS'2010 conference has been listed in the IEEE database of the conferences and the proceedings will be published in IEEE Xplore.
Spin-flop coupling and rearrangement of bulk antiferromagnetic spins in epitaxial exchange-biased Fe/MnPd/Fe/IrMn multilayers

The role of bulk antiferromagnetic spins on exchange bias was investigated in interface spin-flop coupled Fe/MnPd bilayers and Fe/MnPd/Fe/IrMn multilayers. Magnetic measurement of the bilayers showed that the exchange bias saturated at a uniquely large critical thickness, \ensuremath{\sim}300 \AA{}, with a spin reorientation transition simultaneously observed. Field cooling of the multilayer, with parallel or antiparallel alignment of the two Fe layers leads to a different MnPd internal spin arrangement. Minor loop studies showed that nonrecoverable changes in the spin structure of the antiferromagnet occurred during the Fe layer reversal. The possibility of manipulating exchange bias of the Fe/MnPd couple by modifying the MnPd bulk spin configuration using the magnetizing process of the Fe/IrMn couple is demonstrated. A qualitative model based on interface spin-flop coupling is proposed to explain all the relevant properties, including the temperature dependence of the exchange bias.
Maximizing Literacy as a Protective Strategy Redescribing Evangelical Inerrantist Scholarship on Israelite Literacy

Evangelical Christian inerrantist scholars consistently maximize the extent of literary reading and writing abilities in ancient Israel, especially beyond scribes, priests, and other elites or professionals. How they frame the issues, handle the data, represent their work as academic historical research, and engage in certain recurring patterns of argumentation invites analysis. This article analyzes the publications of inerrantist scholars on Israelite literacy, in particular Alan Millard and Richard Hess, as examples of inerrantist discourse and argues that their scholarship on Israelite literacy is characterized by protective strategies that privilege biblical claims. The article thus aims to explore part of the historiography of scholarship on Israelite literacy, to provide an accurate account of what precisely inerrantist scholars are doing in their publications on the topic, and to reframe inerrantist scholarship on Israelite literacy as data for the study of religion.
The Challenge of Teaching the Elderly Cardiac Patient

Half of Americans aged 65 and older suffer from some form of cardiovascular problem. This fact necessitates attention to an adequate program of patient education during the hospital course, in order for the patient or the significant other to assume responsibility for home care after discharge. Consideration should be given to providing a complete and effective means of assessing the patient so that a teaching plan to meet specific needs can be formulated. Objectives must be set, with the patient included in this part of the process. Once teaching has been completed, there should be evaluation to determine whether the education goals were met. Only when the geriatric patient is regarded as a unique individual can the nurse-instructor hope to be successful with teaching endeavors.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Electron Transport Layers on Performance and Shelf Life of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Devices

Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices with a low work function cathode often suffer from rapidly degraded performance when exposed to ambient environment. Here, we report improved performance in blended PCBM:P3HT photovoltaic devices with the addition of a combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles infiltrated with a sol–gel zinc oxide thin film as the electron transport layer. Furthermore, the zinc oxide electron transport layer dramatically improves device shelf life for unencapsulated devices tested and stored under ambient conditions. Transmission electron microscopy results help shed light on the origin behind the improved device stability.
Central Regulation of Glucose Production May Be Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes

The challenges of achieving optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes highlight the need for new therapies. Inappropriately elevated endogenous glucose production (EGP) is the main source of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Because activation of central ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels suppresses EGP in nondiabetic rodents and humans, this study examined whether type 2 diabetic humans and rodents retain central regulation of EGP. The KATP channel activator diazoxide was administered in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design to eight type 2 diabetic subjects and seven age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects. Comprehensive measures of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity were performed during euglycemic pancreatic clamp studies following diazoxide and placebo administration. Complementary rodent clamp studies were performed in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. In type 2 diabetic subjects, extrapancreatic KATP channel activation with diazoxide under fixed hormonal conditions failed to suppress EGP, whereas matched control subjects demonstrated a 27% reduction in EGP (P = 0.002) with diazoxide. Diazoxide also failed to suppress EGP in diabetic rats. These results suggest that suppression of EGP by central KATP channel activation may be lost in type 2 diabetes. Restoration of central regulation of glucose metabolism could be a promising therapeutic target to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
On Film Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Functionalist Translation Theory:A Case Study on the Film Sherlock Holmes

This paper tries to study the film subtitles translation from the perspective of German functionalist translation theory.Taking film Sherlock Holmes as a case study,it first discusses the translation brief of subtitle translation.Then based on Nord's model for translation-oriented test analysis,it compares the extratextual and intratextual factors between the source-text and the target-text,which infers the specific translation problems during the translation process.Eventually,the proper translation method will be suggested under the guidance of functionalist translation theory.
Analysis of detection results of microbial contamination in drinking water in Jingmen in 2010-2013

Objective To investigate the microbial contamination of drinking water in Jingmen City from 2010 to 2013. Methods Drinking water including source water,finished water and tap water was regularly collected,tested and evaluated for microbiological indicators with national standards. Results 1 398 water samples were tested from 2010 to 2013,of which 185 was failed with the failure rate of 13. 23%. The failure rate of source water which was the highest was 40. 15%,and the lowest failure rate was 3. 33 % of finished water,the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 2. 095,P = 0. 000 0. 05). The bacteria failure rate( 6. 44%) was significantly lower than the other three indicators,the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10. 039,P = 0. 018 0. 05). The failure rate( 16. 76%) of watery period was higher than in the dry seasons( 9. 65%)( χ2=15. 375,P = 0. 000 0. 05). The watery failure rate of self waterworks( 19. 44%) was higher than the municipal waterworks( 9. 32%),with statistically significant( χ2= 29. 563,P = 0. 000 0. 05). The failure rate of source water( 47. 78%) was obviously higher in self waterworks than in municipal waterworks( χ2= 13. 692,P = 0. 000 0. 05). Conclusion The microbial contamination of drinking water in Jingmen City from 2010 to 2013 was serious,especially in self- built waterworks. More monitoring and surveillance of water quality should be strengthened to protect the urban drinking water safety.
Q-compensated least-squares reverse time migration using low-rank one-step wave extrapolation

ABSTRACTAttenuation of seismic waves needs to be taken into account to improve the accuracy of seismic imaging. In viscoacoustic media, reverse time migration (RTM) can be performed with Q-compensation, which is also known as Q-RTM. Least-squares RTM (LSRTM) has also been shown to be able to compensate for attenuation through linearized inversion. However, seismic attenuation may significantly slow down the convergence rate of the least-squares iterative inversion process without proper preconditioning. We have found that incorporating attenuation compensation into LSRTM can improve the speed of convergence in attenuating media, obtaining high-quality images within the first few iterations. Based on the low-rank one-step seismic modeling operator in viscoacoustic media, we have derived its adjoint operator using nonstationary filtering theory. The proposed forward and adjoint operators can be efficiently applied to propagate viscoacoustic waves and to implement attenuation compensation. Recognizing that, ...
Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogels: Effects of Modifications on Gelation, Drug Release, and Nanotemplating.

In the present study, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) was used to produce gelation of tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane (TRIS) solutions above, below, and near the pKa of NaDC, respectively, which yielded a neutral gelator, a charged gelator, and a mixture of each. Impacts of ionic interactions on gel formation were studied in detail and showed that pH can be used to modify many hydrogel properties including sol–gel temperature, crystallinity, and mechanical strength. Several formulations yielded a unique rheological finding of two stable regions of elastic modulus. The release of a small molecule has been investigated under different hydrogel conditions and at variable shear rate, suggesting utility as a drug-delivery vehicle. It was also observed that pH modification of the hydrogels affected nanoparticle formation. Nanoparticles derived from a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (nanoGUMBOS), specifically cyanine-based NIR dyes, were templated within the hydrogel network for potential applicati...
The Development of Erect Posture and its Physiological Effects

(1939). The Development of Erect Posture and its Physiological Effects. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 514-551.
The Nature of Industrial Source Loyalty: An Attitudinal Perspective

Loyalty represents an important outcome of buyer-seller relationships, with major implications for the design of industrial marketing strategies. Source loyalty is the behavioral predisposition that tends to favor previous suppliers with whom the buyer is familiar (Jarvis and Wilcox, 1977; Morris and Holman, 1986). It is somewhat analogous to consumer brand loyalty, the definition of which has generated considerable controversy.
Power conditions and control of a regenerative brake

Braking capability is typically accomplished by adding a dynamic/resistive brake (DB) module to a standard drive. Regenerating energy is dissipated in the braking resistor creating heat and decreasing the overall efficiency of the drive. To overcome the shortcomings of the DB solution, a regenerative brake (RB) was developed. The RB is a stand-alone, add-on unit to the drive. It operates with single or multiple drives sharing common DC and AC buses. The power rating of the brake is usually smaller than power rating of the drive(s). A robust and simple solution of control of RB with analysis of power conditions is provided in the paper. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current during regeneration of the drive is comparable with the THD of current during motoring. The theoretical results of the analysis are experimentally verified.
Parent and teacher perspectives on friendships and social interactions of secondary students with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Abstract Friendships between students with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) remain infrequent, especially at the secondary level. However, when friendships between stud...
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: Electrotransformation of a Periodontopathogen

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions of the subgingival epithelium that have bacterial etiologies. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a gram-negative, capnophilic coccobacillus, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile and adult periodontitis. This bacterium elaborates a number of virulence factors that may contribute to the disease process. Molecular analysis is crucial to understanding the precise role of these and other bacterial factors.
Issues Associated with the Nuclear Power Emergency

This chapter sets a goal to understand issues in policy, process, priorities, and participation, related to nuclear power emergency management procedures. To achieve this goal, this chapter utilizes the two projected core-meltdown cases of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station (PVNGS) and the Indian Point Nuclear Generating (IPNG) in order to identify these issues. First, we begin with a discussion on policy related to nuclear power emergency management which was issued by the NRC. Second, the discussion is followed by analysis of nuclear emergency management process. Third, it points out the determined priorities and explains the main should-be priorities. Fourth, it discusses the participation of key stakeholders in the nuclear emergency management process.
Germline Calr Mutation and Thrombocytosis Presenting with Concomitant BCR-ABL1+ CML

Abstract CALR mutations are present in 70-84% of JAK2 wild-type myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and 67% and 88% of essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) respectively. Most cases of MPN are apparently sporadic, but 7-11% have evidence of familial predisposition. While germline mutations in ET-associated genes, MPL and JAK2, have been described in hereditary thrombocytosis, germline mutations in CALR have not been described in any setting. Two types of CALR mutations are common in MPN: a 52-base pair deletion (bp) and a 5 bp insertion, both in exon 9. With rare exceptions, CALR mutations are generally mutually exclusive with JAK2 or MPL mutations and have very rarely been reported in conjunction with the BCR-ABL1translocation. Here, we report a patient with a germline CALR mutation, thrombocytosis, and subsequent development of BCR-ABL+ CML. A 67-year-old female with no significant medical history presented with severe abdominal pain and nausea. Peripheral blood analysis revealed a marked leukocytosis composed of 66% neutrophils, 16% myelocytes, 6.5% monocytes, 3.5% basophils, 2.5% promyelocytes, 2.5% metamyelocytes, 1.5% lymphocytes, 1.5% blasts, and no eosinophils. The patient was non-anemic and had a normal platelet count (340,000/mm3). Bone marrow biopsy revealed a hypercellular marrow with myeloid predominant trilineage hematopoiesis and 1-2% blasts with morphology consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis of peripheral blood identified a BCR-ABL1fusion in 98.5% of interphase cells. After 3 months of standard imatinib therapy, quantitative RT-PCR showed a reduction of BCR-ABL1/ABL1 in the peripheral blood, however platelet count was elevated at 539,000/mm3. Thrombocytosis persisted over 2 years with a maximal platelet count of 584,000/mm3. Given the patient's thrombocytosis, her peripheral blood was subjected to a next generation sequencing of JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes. A 52-bp out-of-frame deletion in exon 9 of the CALR gene was detected (52% allele frequency) in peripheral blood. In addition, the same 52-bp CALR deletion (63% allele frequency) was present at the time of diagnosis and within a buccal specimen (47% allele frequency) when the BCR-ABL1 transcript was 1% in the peripheral blood. Immunostain of the buccal sample was strongly positive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3 but CD45 was not detected indicating no leukocyte contamination. This case reports the first instance of a germline CALR mutation associated with thrombocytosis and is the fourth report of the co-occurrence of BCR-ABL1 and CALR mutation in a single patient. Evolution to BCR-ABL1+ CML suppressed the CALR-mutant thrombocytosis phenotype, emphasizing the effect of these genes on lineage determination in abnormal myeloid proliferation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Development of a Shortened Version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ-S) for Screening Spatial-Hearing Ability

Purpose The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) was developed to address how to measure spatial-hearing ability in complex listening situations (Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009). It has been translated ...
Sex differences in the mitochondrial bioenergetics of astrocytes but not microglia at a physiologically relevant brain oxygen tension

Biological sex is thought to influence mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Previous respiration measurements examining brain mitochondrial sex differences were made at atmospheric oxygen using isolated brain mitochondria. Oxygen is 160 mm Hg (21%) in the atmosphere, while the oxygen tension in the brain generally ranges from ∼5 to 45 mm Hg (∼1-6% O2). This study tested the hypothesis that sex and/or brain physiological oxygen tension influence the mitochondrial bioenergetic properties of primary rat cortical astrocytes and microglia. Oxygen consumption was measured with a Seahorse XF24 cell respirometer in an oxygen-controlled environmental chamber. Strikingly, male astrocytes had a higher maximal respiration than female astrocytes when cultured and assayed at 3% O2. Three percent O2 yielded a low physiological dissolved O2 level of ∼1.2% (9.1 mm Hg) at the cell monolayer during culture and 1.2-3.0% O2 during assays. No differences in bioenergetic parameters were observed between male and female astrocytes at 21% O2 (dissolved O2 of ∼19.7%, 150 mm Hg during culture) or between either of these cell populations and female astrocytes at 3% O2. In contrast to astrocytes, microglia showed no sex differences in mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters at either oxygen level, regardless of whether they were non-stimulated or activated to a proinflammatory state. There were also no O2- or sex-dependent differences in proinflammatory TNF-α or IL-1β cytokine secretion measured at 18 h activation. Overall, results reveal an intriguing sex variance in astrocytic maximal respiration that requires additional investigation. Findings also demonstrate that sex differences can be masked by conducting experiments at non-physiological O2.
USE OF QUATERNARY PROXIES IN FORENSIC SCIENCE | The Use of Macroscopic Plant Remains in Forensic Science

Forensic botany applies plant anatomy, plant taxonomy, and plant ecology to the solution of major crimes. It has been especially useful in homicide investigations. Criminal investigations require special methods for the collection and treatment of evidence. These techniques are applied in crime-scene investigations and the discovery of clandestine graves.
Fun against fear in the Caliphate: Islamic State’s spectacle and counter-spectacle

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on non-violent spectacular images produced and circulated by Islamic State (I.S.). These include I.S.’s declaration of the Caliphate, the group’s peculiar depiction of the good life, and its presumptive currency, the dinar. I.S.’s spectacle is explored through Situationist theory. Using the case study of the declaration of the Caliphate in June 2014, I explain how I.S. uses spectacle as a technology of rule. Then I move on to what I call the “counter-spectacle,” focusing on one case study, a program on Iraqi television al-Iraqiyya, Dawlat al-Khurafa (The Apocryphal State), that parodies I.S. as an entity. Probing ontological connections between “fear” and “fun” in the I.S. spectacle, the article concludes with a discussion of the im/possibility of countering spectacle, and the argument that the “success” of I.S.’s global spectacle rests on grafting I.S.’s own concentrated spectacle of rule onto the diffuse spectacle of a global commercial media discourse preoccupied with “Isla...
Trypanosoma cruzi Reactivation in the Brain.

Trypanosoma cruzi Reactivation in the Brain A 31-year-old man with HIV infection presented with headache, confusion, and gait instability. MRI of the brain revealed a large abscess resulting from reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Undeclared formaldehyde levels in patient consumer products: formaldehyde test kit utility.

Purpose: Formaldehyde allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may be due to products with free formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing agents; however, assessment of formaldehyde levels in such products i...
Using psychoacoustics to examine a changing auditory system

In the (long) time I was a student in Neal’s lab, I learned a rigorous, programmatic approach to psychoacoustics that was grounded in signal detection theory. Much of the work at that time followed up on Neal’s classic work in intensity discrimination and envelope processing, and how that might depend on processing within or across auditory channels. The research was tied to what was known about physiological processing in the auditory system. Research from other laboratories at the time suggested that the cochlea might adjust in response to sound via efferent feedback, and a paper by Liberman used a physiological approach that could be easily translated to psychoacoustic experiments. This inspired a search for behavioral evidence of efferent feedback to the cochlea, and an array of experiments were performed looking for effects of contralateral sound on psychoacoustic measures. While those experiments did not provide compelling evidence of efferent feedback, they sparked an interest that has continued to be a focus of my research. This talk will cover the array of experiments done at that time, and consider the results in the context of more recent results from my laboratory and other laboratories. [Work supported by NIH(NIDCD)R01 DC008327.]In the (long) time I was a student in Neal’s lab, I learned a rigorous, programmatic approach to psychoacoustics that was grounded in signal detection theory. Much of the work at that time followed up on Neal’s classic work in intensity discrimination and envelope processing, and how that might depend on processing within or across auditory channels. The research was tied to what was known about physiological processing in the auditory system. Research from other laboratories at the time suggested that the cochlea might adjust in response to sound via efferent feedback, and a paper by Liberman used a physiological approach that could be easily translated to psychoacoustic experiments. This inspired a search for behavioral evidence of efferent feedback to the cochlea, and an array of experiments were performed looking for effects of contralateral sound on psychoacoustic measures. While those experiments did not provide compelling evidence of efferent feedback, they sparked an interest that has continued to...
From Isolation to Organization: Structural Barriers to Client-Induced Accountability in the Human Services

Human service organizations form an environment which is both difficult for an individual to transverse and antagonistic to the organizing of clients. The structure of these organizational environments is not conducive to the emergence of client organizations. This issue forms the focus of this paper: the interaction between the structural dimensions of human service, organizational environments and the potential for human service clients to form organizations geared to obtaining accountability from human service agencies. The basic argument is that the structural dimensions of these organizational environments (i.e., the characteristics which affect the basic interrelationships among component parts) have a depressing effect upon the potential for isolated clients to come together in client organizations. Lower class people can presumably interact with human service organizations as isolated individuals or in organized groups(1). But in either case, they must make such organizations accountable; i.e., responsive to client needs and responsible to clients for their actions. The choice between individual or group pursuit of accountability, however, is pro-ordained. The organizational environment which these individuals and households must confront is not conducive to the formation of client organizations. Rather, for human service clients at the local level, the potential for the emergence of collective entities is decidedly weak. Except for a flurry of client activity in the Sixties, partially supported by the intervention of the federal government, few client organizations have formed within the human services to share in the governance of agencies and the formulation of agency policy(2). 1 An Lee Rainwater (1974:306) has written: "The most important issue here is whether from the perspective of lower class people the goal of a decent life is to be pursued mainly on an individual or group basis." His analysis causes him to conclude that lower class people favor the former. 2 Certainly one can point to examples (Fainstein and 1ainstein,197)
The Redox-Active Tyrosines YZ and YD

Photosystem II (PS II) contains two redox-active tyrosines, YD and YZ, located in homologous locations in the reaction center polypeptides D2 and D1, respectively. These are the best characterized of the enzymatic reactions that involve tyrosyl radical formation. The reasons for this extensive knowledge include the ability in PS II to measure tyrosine oxidation and reduction with nanosecond time resolution from liquid helium to room temperature and in preparations that have been modified by site-directed mutagenesis. The abundance and purity of PS II preparations and the recent ability to crystallize them also allows the application of a wide variety of spectroscopic techniques to the characterization of the redox-active tyrosines. This chapter describes the discovery of these redox components, the kinetics, energetics and mechanism of their oxidation and reduction and detailed information on their spectroscopic characteristics with a particular emphasis on magnetic resonance methods. The close interaction of tyrosine YZ with the oxygen-evolving complex has implicated YZ directly in the mechanism of water oxidation. The role of this tyrosine in this mechanism has been the source of a great deal of debate and interest in recent years, heightened by the improving resolution of the PS II crystal structure.
Rapid detection of mycotoxins on foods and beverages with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi and their presence in foods and feed is potential hazardous to the health of both humans and animals. The present study has assessed the presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins in 183 samples of a variety of foods and beverages (nuts, cereals, milk, cheese, wine and beer) in the Greek market by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 42.6% of samples had detectable levels of any of the above mycotoxins and 15.3% had levels above the EU legal limit. 48.1% (n=27) of nuts were found to be contaminated with aflatoxin in which 33.3% were above the EU legal limit (4ppb), 25.9% with fumonisin and 29.6% with ochratoxin and in 14.8% of samples co-occurence of all three mycotoxins was observed. 15.9% (n=38) of cereal-based products were detected with aflatoxin and 59.3% (n=64) of milk and cheese samples with Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), but no sample exceeded the EU legal levels. The levels of AFM1 were found significantly lower in ultra high temperature pasteurized milk (long life milk) than in pasteurized milk. Detection of ochratoxin in vine grapes and non-commercial wines produced in small-scale wineries indicated that 43.5% (n=23) of samples contained ochratoxin above the EU limit (2ppb). Analysis of barley malts, barley seeds and beers revealed that 29% of samples (n=31) were contaminated with ochratoxin at a level above the EU limit (3 ppb). The results confirm the widespread and persistent presence of mycotoxins in various foods and beverages, therefore continuous monitoring and awareness is required to safeguard public health.
Chest Physiotherapy in Acute Muco-obstructive Lung Disease.

Acute mucus plugging is a pulmonary emergency associated with increased mortality and often requires rapid bronchoscopic intervention which may not be readily available in all centers. Furthermore, the role and efficacy of alternate conventional measures such as mechanical percussive therapies are uncertain. Herein, we present a patient who rapidly progressed to respiratory distress; a chest X-ray revealed left lobar atelectasis highly suggestive of acute mucus plugging. In the absence of rapid bronchoscopic intervention, bedside chest percussion was initiated with improvement in clinical status. Our case demonstrates the successful utilization of chest physiotherapy in the resolution of acute mucus plugging in an urgent situation and highlights the need for careful attention to respiratory status in high-risk patients who are also undergoing fluid removal with dialysis therapies.
Ready for a fight? The physiological effects of detecting an opponent's pheromone cues prior to a contest.

Reception of pheromone cues can elicit significant physiological (e.g. steroid hormone levels) changes in the recipient. These pheromone-induced physiological changes have been well documented for male–female interactions, but scarcely in same-sex interactions (male–male and female–female). We sought to address this dearth in the current literature and examine whether mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) could detect and, ultimately, mount a physiological response to the pheromone signature of a potential, same-sex competitor. We examined steroid hormone levels in mangrove rivulus exposed to one of three treatments: 1) isolation, 2) exposure to pheromones of a size-matched partner, and 3) pheromone exposure to a size-matched opponent followed by a physical encounter with the opponent. We found that exposure to a competitor's pheromone cues elicited a significant increase in testosterone levels. Increases in testosterone were similar across genetically distinct lineages derived from geographically distinct populations. Further, testosterone levels were similar between individuals only exposed to pheromone cues and individuals exposed to both pheromone cues and a subsequent physical encounter. Our findings led us to generate a number of testable predictions regarding how mangrove rivulus utilize pheromone signals in social interactions, the molecular mechanisms linking social stimuli and hormonal responses, and the possible adaptive benefits of hormonal responsiveness to receiving a potential competitor's pheromone cues.
Strategic culture and intelligence failure: british intelligence on Japan before the Imphal–Kohima battle, 1943–1944

Despite the common perception that British intelligence succeeded in preventing surprise before the Imphal–Kohima battle, this study shows that British assessment of Japanese intentions before the ...
Cognitive tests aid in clinical differentiation of Alzheimer's disease versus Alzheimer's disease with Lewy body disease: Evidence from a pathological study.

Introduction Clinical differentiation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD with Lewy body disease (LBD) is relatively imprecise. The current study examined pathologically confirmed group differences in neuropsychological functioning, and the classification ability of specific tests. Methods Fifty-one participants with postmortem diagnoses of AD (n = 34) and AD plus LBD (n = 17) were drawn from the Predictors Study. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and χ2 analyses examined group differences in neuropsychological performance. Binary logistic regressions examined predictive utility of specific tests for pathological diagnosis. Results Individuals with AD had better visuoconstruction (P = .006), phonemic fluency (P = .08), and processing speed than AD plus LBD (P = .013). No differences were found in memory, naming, semantic fluency, or set-switching. Processing speed and visuoconstruction predicted pathologic group (P = .03). Discussion Processing speed and visuoconstruction predicted postmortem diagnosis of AD versus AD plus LBD. Current results offer guidance in the selection and interpretation of neuropsychological tests to be used in the differential diagnosis of early dementia.
Virtual Place-Based Learning in Interdisciplinary Contexts: A Psychological Perspective and a Meta-analytic Review

This chapter briefly explores the meaning of “virtual” and the psychological concepts of presence and immersion followed by the application of virtual reality (VR) methods in post-secondary education. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the efficacy of VR compared to more traditional teaching methods. Overall, students who experienced VR significantly outperformed those experiencing more traditional methods by about three-quarters of a standard deviation. These results were moderated by immersiveness (students in moderately immersive environments outperformed those in low or high immersive environments), whether place-based pedagogies were incorporated (students experiencing place-based VR pedagogies performed better), and student level (undergraduate students in VR conditions performed better than those in traditional classes). It is concluded that VR pedagogical methods, particularly when moderately immersive and place-based, benefit undergraduate students the most.