cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CXCL5 Regulates Chemokine Scavenging and Pulmonary Host Defense to Bacterial Infection

The chemokine sink hypothesis pertaining to erythrocyte Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) during inflammation has received considerable attention, but lacks direct in vivo evidence. Here we demonstrate, using mice with a targeted deletion in CXCL5, that CXCL5 bound erythrocyte DARC and impaired its chemokine scavenging in blood. CXCL5 increased the plasma concentrations of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in part through inhibiting chemokine scavenging, impairing chemokine gradients and desensitizing CXCR2, which led to decreased neutrophil influx to the lung, increased lung bacterial burden and mortality in an Escherichia coli pneumonia model. In contrast, CXCL5 exerted a predominant role in mediating neutrophil influx to the lung during inflammation after LPS inhalation. Platelets and lung resident cells were the sources of homeostatic CXCL5 in blood and inflammatory CXCL5 in the lung respectively. This study presents a paradigm whereby platelets and red cells alter chemokine scavenging and neutrophil-chemokine interaction during inflammation.
Evolutionary medicine: its scope, interest and potential

This review is aimed at readers seeking an introductory overview, teaching courses and interested in visionary ideas. It first describes the range of topics covered by evolutionary medicine, which include human genetic variation, mismatches to modernity, reproductive medicine, degenerative disease, host–pathogen interactions and insights from comparisons with other species. It then discusses priorities for translational research, basic research and health management. Its conclusions are that evolutionary thinking should not displace other approaches to medical science, such as molecular medicine and cell and developmental biology, but that evolutionary insights can combine with and complement established approaches to reduce suffering and save lives. Because we are on the cusp of so much new research and innovative insights, it is hard to estimate how much impact evolutionary thinking will have on medicine, but it is already clear that its potential is enormous.
Review spam detection via temporal pattern discovery

Online reviews play a crucial role in today's electronic commerce. It is desirable for a customer to read reviews of products or stores before making the decision of what or from where to buy. Due to the pervasive spam reviews, customers can be misled to buy low-quality products, while decent stores can be defamed by malicious reviews. We observe that, in reality, a great portion (> 90% in the data we study) of the reviewers write only one review (singleton review). These reviews are so enormous in number that they can almost determine a store's rating and impression. However, existing methods did not examine this larger part of the reviews. Are most of these singleton reviews truthful ones? If not, how to detect spam reviews in singleton reviews? We call this problem singleton review spam detection.To address this problem, we observe that the normal reviewers' arrival pattern is stable and uncorrelated to their rating pattern temporally. In contrast, spam attacks are usually bursty and either positively or negatively correlated to the rating. Thus, we propose to detect such attacks via unusually correlated temporal patterns. We identify and construct multidimensional time series based on aggregate statistics, in order to depict and mine such correlations. In this way, the singleton review spam detection problem is mapped to a abnormally correlated pattern detection problem. We propose a hierarchical algorithm to robustly detect the time windows where such attacks are likely to have happened. The algorithm also pinpoints such windows in different time resolutions to facilitate faster human inspection. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in detecting singleton review attacks. We discover that singleton review is a significant source of spam reviews and largely affects the ratings of online stores.
Implications of Smoothing on Statistical Multiplexing of H.264/AVC and SVC Video Streams

While the hierarchical B frames based scalable video coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard achieves significantly improved compression over the initial H.264/AVC codec, the SVC video traffic is significantly more variable than H.264/AVC traffic. The higher traffic variability of the SVC encoder can lead to smaller numbers of streams supported with bufferless statistical multiplexing than with the H.264/AVC encoder (and even less streams than with the MPEG-4 Part 2 encoder) for prescribed link capacities and loss constraints. In this paper we examine the implications of video traffic smoothing on the numbers of statistically multiplexed H.264 SVC, H.264/AVC, and MPEG-4 Part 2 streams, the bandwidth requirements for streaming, and the introduced delay. We identify the levels of smoothing that ensure that more H.264 SVC streams than H.264/AVC streams can be supported. For a basic low-complexity smoothing technique that is readily applicable to both live and prerecorded streams, we identify the levels of smoothing that give (bufferless) statistical multiplexing performance close to an optimal off-line smoothing technique. We thus characterize the trade-offs between increased smoothing delay and increased statistical multiplexing performance for both H.264/AVC, which employs classical B frames, and H.264 SVC, which employs hierarchical B frames. We similarly identify the buffer sizes for the buffered multiplexing of unsmoothed H.264 SVC, H.264/AVC, and MPEG-4 Part 2 streams that give close to optimal performance.
Dynamical transition in sliding charge-density waves with quenched disorder

We have studied numerically the dynamics of sliding charge-density waves (CDW's) in the presence of impurities in d=1,2. The model considered exhibits a first-order dynamical transition at a critical driving force ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{c}}$ between ``rough'' (disorder dominated) (F${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{c}}$) and ``flat'' (Fg${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{c}}$) sliding phases where disorder is washed out by the external drive. The effective model for the sliding CDW's in the presence of impurities can be mapped onto that of a magnetic flux line pinned by columnar defects and tilted by an applied field. The dynamical transition of sliding CDW's corresponds to the transverse Meissner effect of the tilted flux line. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Scheduling Asymmetric Parallelism on a PlayStation3 Cluster

Understanding the potential and implications of asymmetric multi-core processors for cluster computing is necessary, as these processors are rapidly becoming mainstream components in HPC environments. In this paper we evaluate a Linux cluster of Sony PlayStation3 consoles, using microbenchmarks and bioinformatics applications. We proceed to develop a model and scheduling techniques for effective execution of parallel applications on this low-cost, yet unconventional HPC platform based on the Cell/BE processor. We present an analytical formulation of layered parallelism for clusters of asymmetric multi-core multiprocessors and propose new co-scheduling heuristics for effectively executing MPI code with nested task and data parallelism on these systems. Our model has low execution time prediction error and is reliable in predicting optimal mappings of nested parallelism in MPI programs on the PS3 cluster. The presented co-scheduling heuristics reduce slack time on the accelerator cores of the PS3 and improve the performance of MPI applications by 1.7-2.7x, when compared against the native OS scheduler.
Sudden Death and Gradual Decay in Visual Working Memory

General Douglas MacArthur famously remarked that “Old soldiers never die; they just fade away” (General Douglas MacArthur, April 19, 1951). For decades, researchers have concluded that visual working memories, like old soldiers, fade away gradually, becoming progressively less precise as they are retained for longer periods of time. However, these conclusions were based on threshold estimation procedures in which the complete termination of a memory could artifactually produce the appearance of lower precision. Here we use a recall-based visual working memory paradigm that provides separate measures of the probability that a memory is available and the precision of the memory when it is available. Using this paradigm, we demonstrate that visual working memory representations may be retained for several seconds with little or no loss of precision but that they may terminate suddenly and completely during this period.
A prioritized MAC game framework for event reporting in sensor networks

In this paper we propose a game theoretic framework for a new approach for MAC design with prioritized event reporting in sensor networks. The MAC priority classes are adaptively assigned based on accuracy of location information for individual sensor nodes, and on data correlation structure. We show that for the proposed MAC solution, the event reporting results in more accurate and faster localization of the event.
Habeas Corpus: Behold the Body

This issue's Critical Acts focuses on “war and other bad shit” in terms of censorship, immigration, and art as a form of political protest and recovery. In “Habeas Corpus,” Ann Pellegrini uses Sally Field's censored Emmy-acceptance speech to exemplify the Bush administration's privatization of mourning as a means “to bind us to acts of fatal violence against an objectified and dehumanized ‘enemy.’” In her account of Luigi Nono's The Forest Is Young and Full of Life, Judy Lochhead examines the possibility of music as activism, noting how history is recycled from the Vietnam War to today. William Bowling and Rachel Carrico describe how art heals in Lakeviews, part of a post-Katrina project. Guillermo Gomez-Pena rages against “border hysteria,” when the “War on Terror” becomes a “war on difference.”
Defining the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): deliberations of an expert panel convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

(1991). Defining the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Sids): Deliberations of an Expert Panel Convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Pediatric Pathology: Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 677-684.
Use of von Frey filaments to assess nociceptive sensitization in the hornworm, Manduca sexta.

Abstract Background The hornworm Manduca sexta exhibits a defensive strike to noxious assaults, a response that is robust and is easily observed by experimenters. Von Frey filaments and methods typical for studying nociception in other animals were used to assess the strike response in M. sexta. New methods A series of von Frey filaments was applied to the body wall in ascending order and the data generated were used to determine the strike threshold by (i) the up-and-down method, (ii) the first response method, and (iii) the simplified up-and-down order method (SUDO). The effect of a noxious pinch on strike threshold was assessed. Comparison with existing methods To our knowledge none of these methods has been used on M. sexta previously, making the use of the up-and-down and SUDO methods the first in an invertebrate. The use of the first response method has been used in other invertebrates, and the method appears equally suited to M. sexta. Results All three methods were successful in monitoring the threshold sensitivity to touch, which was lowered (sensitized) by tissue damage induced with a pinch. Sensitization lasted 19 h. Conclusions All three methods of assessing nociception were successfully applied to quantify the defensive strike response in M. sexta, although the SUDO method required empirical assessment of which filament to start the test sequence with. The results revealed both short- and long-term sensitization. These methods should prove to be useful for quantifying sensitization in M. sexta.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor Protein Skp1 Is Glycosylated by an Evolutionarily Conserved Pathway That Regulates Protist Growth and Development

Toxoplasma gondii is a protist parasite of warm-blooded animals that causes disease by proliferating intracellularly in muscle and the central nervous system. Previous studies showed that a prolyl 4-hydroxylase related to animal HIFα prolyl hydroxylases is required for optimal parasite proliferation, especially at low O2. We also observed that Pro-154 of Skp1, a subunit of the Skp1/Cullin-1/F-box protein (SCF)-class of E3-ubiquitin ligases, is a natural substrate of this enzyme. In an unrelated protist, Dictyostelium discoideum, Skp1 hydroxyproline is modified by five sugars via the action of three glycosyltransferases, Gnt1, PgtA, and AgtA, which are required for optimal O2-dependent development. We show here that TgSkp1 hydroxyproline is modified by a similar pentasaccharide, based on mass spectrometry, and that assembly of the first three sugars is dependent on Toxoplasma homologs of Gnt1 and PgtA. Reconstitution of the glycosyltransferase reactions in extracts with radioactive sugar nucleotide substrates and appropriate Skp1 glycoforms, followed by chromatographic analysis of acid hydrolysates of the reaction products, confirmed the predicted sugar identities as GlcNAc, Gal, and Fuc. Disruptions of gnt1 or pgtA resulted in decreased parasite growth. Off target effects were excluded based on restoration of the normal glycan chain and growth upon genetic complementation. By analogy to Dictyostelium Skp1, the mechanism may involve regulation of assembly of the SCF complex. Understanding the mechanism of Toxoplasma Skp1 glycosylation is expected to help develop it as a drug target for control of the pathogen, as the glycosyltransferases are absent from mammalian hosts.
REVIEW - Hegland, Mary Elaine. Days of Revolution: Political Unrest in an Iranian Village. xxxv + 316 pp. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2014.

REVIEW - Hegland, Mary Elaine. Days of Revolution: Political Unrest in an Iranian Village. xxxv + 316 pp. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2014.
Psychosocial Care of Severely Malnourished Children

The psychosocial intervention program for malnourished children at Hopital Albert Schweitzer has evolved over several years and now consists of daily interventions including music on the unit, cooking and feeding instruction, exercise sessions, supervised play sessions, daily massage of children by their parents, toy making, and singing and dancing. The interventions are supervised by Haitian personnel and have been developed according to what is interesting and stimulating for Haitian parents and their children. These interventions appear to have greatly improved the moods of the parents and their children. They seem happier. There is more interaction between the parents and the children throughout the day, including touching, playing, and talking. The feeding situation has improved. Parents feed their children; there is more socializing and eye contact during meals. Our experience supports the concept that the rehabilitation of the malnourished child is facilitated by interventions that restore a positive parent-child relationship. These interventions should be tailored to the local culture. Future studies could evaluate the effect of such interventions on the parent-child interaction at the beginning and end of the hospitalization, as well as on parameters such as mortality, rate of weight gain, length of stay, and readmission rates.
Theorien und Konzepte zur Konkretisierung der Rationalitätssicherungsaufgabe des Controlling

Im letzten Kapitel wurde dargelegt, dass die Aufgabe des Controlling die Rationalitatssicherung der Fuhrung ist. Bezogen auf den Internationalisierungsprozess als Untersuchungsobjekt dieser Arbeit bedeutet dies, dass sich Controlling aus den Handlungen konstituiert, die dem Unternehmen helfen, die geplanten Ziele durch Internationalisierung auch erreichen zu konnen. Dabei kommt der reflexiven Begleitung des Internationalisierungsprozesses grose Bedeutung zu.
Experimental gonococcal infection of the rabbit's eye; course of the disease and its pathology.

in the preceding communication (Miller, Drell, MoellerandBohnhoff, 1945). Most of the experiments there reported were terminated at the end of 24 hours. Mention was made of the fact that about a third of the remainder became chronic and persisted for a number of weeks. These long continued infections were the subject of the present investigation. Observations were made during life and after death, the former including frequent examinations of the eyes during the course of the disease, cultures of the aqueous humor and tests for antibodies in the rabbits' serums. Examination of the eyes after enucleation consisted of bacteriologic culture and/or microscopic study of their pathology. Several series of rabbits are included in the study.
Handling Qualities Evaluation for Spacecraft Docking in Low Earth Orbit

A new generation of spacecraft is now under development by NASA to replace the Space Shuttle and return astronauts to the Moon. These spacecraft will have a manual control capability for several mission tasks, and the ease and precision with which pilots can execute these tasks will have an important effect on mission risk and training costs. A simulation evaluated the handling qualities of a generic space vehicle based on dynamics similar to one of these spacecraft, NASA’s Crew Exploration Vehicle, during the last segment of the docking task with a space station. This handling qualities evaluation looked at four different translational control systems, two of which are available in current space vehicles and two of which were adapted from aeronautical vehicle control system designs. These response types were flown with three levels of translation-into-rotation dynamic coupling arising from a longitudinal offset between the reaction control system thrusters and the vehicle’s center of mass. The effect of variations in jet thrust was also measured for a single response type. The results indicate that greater translation-into-rotation coupling is strongly correlated with degraded handling qualities, but that different response types do not have a major effect on pilot workload, final docking performance, or overall handling qualities.
Latent period between electrical and pressure pulse waves corresponding to right auricular systole.

SummaryIn 8 adult subjects with essentially normal hearts the latent period between the beginning of the electrical P wave and pressure pulse wave corresponding to the right auricular systole averaged 0.11 sec. 2. In one case of a child with a rapid pulse and Tetralogy of Fallot the latent period was much shorter, 0.055 sec. 3. In one case of scleroderma with pulmonary hypertension and partial heart block the latent period was prolonged to 0.17 sec.
Cutaneous Disease and Drug Reactions in HIV Infection

Background Skin diseases, including adverse reactions to drugs, are thought to be more common among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than among other persons. These skin conditions can be disabling or disfiguring and may require discontinuation of essential drugs. Methods We identified 684 HIV-infected members of a 265,000-member health maintenance organization and reviewed their medical records to determine the frequency of dermatologic diagnoses from April 1, 1988, through January 15, 1991. We compared the rates of visits per year for skin conditions by HIV-infected men, 20 to 49 years of age, with those by non-HIV-infected men. We used an automated prescription data base to quantify exposures to drugs. Results Of the 684 HIV-infected patients, 540 (79 percent) were given one or more dermatologic diagnoses, for a total of 2281 diagnoses, including 188 cutaneous reactions to drugs. There were 43 hospitalizations for cellulitis (n...
How Many Parameters Does It Take to Describe Disease Tolerance

The study of infectious disease has been aided by model organisms, which have helped to elucidate molecular mechanisms and contributed to the development of new treatments; however, the lack of a conceptual framework for unifying findings across models, combined with host variability, has impeded progress and translation. Here, we fill this gap with a simple graphical and mathematical framework to study disease tolerance, the dose response curve relating health to microbe load; this approach helped uncover parameters that were previously overlooked. Using a model experimental system in which we challenged Drosophila melanogaster with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, we tested this framework, finding that microbe growth, the immune response, and disease tolerance were all well represented by sigmoid models. As we altered the system by varying host or pathogen genetics, disease tolerance varied, as we would expect if it was indeed governed by parameters controlling the sensitivity of the system (the number of bacteria required to trigger a response) and maximal effect size according to a logistic equation. Though either the pathogen or host immune response or both together could theoretically be the proximal cause of pathology that killed the flies, we found that the pathogen, but not the immune response, drove damage in this model. With this new understanding of the circuitry controlling disease tolerance, we can now propose better ways of choosing, combining, and developing treatments.
Reducing Excess Requirements Through Orthogonal Categorizations During Problem Formulation: Results of a Factorial Experiment

Problem formulation lays at the heart of systems engineering. While an over-constrained solution space may yield no satisficing solution affordably, properly defined solution spaces may enable developing solutions with high levels of affordability. Therefore, effective requirement elicitation from stakeholder needs is key to achieve a proper definition of the problem to be solved. Categorizing requirements according to predefined taxonomies is an inherent part of this activity and they are as diverse as engineering industries are. Conventional approaches, which use a designer-perspective, a contractual perspective, or a combination of both, facilitate the generation of excess facilitate the generation of excess requirements during requirements elicitation due to promoted design biases and overlaps between the different categories. In order to mitigate those problems, orthogonal, system-centric categorization methods have been proposed as a potential solution. Yet, research has not measured the influence of any type of requirement taxonomy on the effectiveness in defining solution spaces of maximum size, i.e., without excess requirements with respect to a given set of stakeholder needs. In order to fill in this gap, this paper presents the results of a factorial experiment involving systems engineering practitioners that compares the effectiveness in eliciting less excess requirements of an orthogonal, system-centric categorization method versus traditional ones.
Genome Editing by Aptamer-Guided Gene Targeting (AGT)

DNA aptamers are sequences of DNA that because of their unique secondary structure are capable of binding to a specific target. Aptamer technology has only recently been applied to gene correction. The effectiveness of using aptamers for gene targeting comes from their versatility, as aptamers can be used in conjunction with currently existing genome modification systems. Here we describe how DNA aptamers can be exploited to increase donor DNA availability, and thus promote the transfer of genetic information from a donor DNA molecule to a desired chromosomal locus. Although still in its infancy compared to other more well-characterized systems, aptamer-guided gene targeting (AGT) offers a new direction to the field of genetic engineering.
Power Supply Capability of Line in DC Distribution Network

With the gradually increase of electricity load density and the accessing of a large number of distributed generation,the current distribution network is faced with the problem of insufficient power supply capability. The DC distribution network is different from the AC distribution network in many aspects,such as power supply capacity,line losses,the adaptability for all kinds of power and load accessing,etc. Through the analysis on the power supply capability of AC line,this paper derived the power supply capability calculation model of DC line under different constraints,and compared the load moment and supply distance of commonly used wires under the assumed different voltage levels and typical load distribution patterns. It is concluded that,when calculating the power supply capability,the voltage constraints and line losses constraints play a different role in AC and DC systems. Finally,the selection basis was proposed for the calculation of the power supply capability of power line in AC and DC distribution network,which could provide a reference for the far-reaching research in future.
Demo Abstract: Building IoT Applications with Accessors in CapeCode

We demonstrate CapeCode, a tool for composing actor-oriented building blocks for applications in the Internet of Things design space.
Elastic and inelastic mean free paths of 200 keV electrons in metallic glasses

The elastic and inelastic mean free paths of three metallic glass alloys, Ni60Nb40, Pd82Si18 and Ni80P20, have been measured from focused ion beam prepared thin samples with measured thickness gradients. The elastic/inelastic mean free paths of the three alloys are 35±0.5/97±3, 26±0.5/148±3 and 40±0.5/129±2.5nm, respectively. Elastic mean free paths predicted from atomic scattering cross sections consistently underestimate the experimental data. A model based on the Wentzel atomic model was developed and the fit to available data is in much better agreement with experiments, with a maximum deviation of ~4nm. The parametrized model is thus capable of predicting the elastic mean free path for other amorphous materials. Existing models for the inelastic mean free path are not in good agreement with the experimental data.
Functional model of an eye protection program: guide for the clinical optometrist.

An eye protection program is needed in occupational medicine policies. Typical eye injuries and eye accidents, as they relate to occupational accidents, justify the management advocating such a program. A recommended model for a functional eye protection program is provided and defined. Language: en
Role of pearlite colonies on the dynamic flow stress of low carbon steel

Abstract The dynamic deformation of low carbon steel is examined in two different microstructures; the as-received coarse grained material composed of α-ferrite and pearlite phases, and a heat treated microstructure in the form of carbide particles dispersed within a ferrite matrix. Testing in the dynamic regime is completed using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar at strain rates of 102–104 s−1 with testing temperatures of room temperature, 300, 500 and 650 °C. The correlation between strain rate and corresponding flow stress showed a distinct transition delineating the quasi-static regime as dominated by the thermally activated flow stress and that of the dynamic regime. The strain rate and basic characteristics of the thermal and athermal stresses, are studied to determine the mechanisms of deformation as a function of the microstructure, strain rate and temperature. The relative influence of short and long range barriers on the flow stress components is studied in a microstructure in which the pearlite colonies, an effective long range flow stress barrier, are removed. Separation of flow stress components is utilized in a constitutive equation based on thermal activation theory to predict flow stress as a function of strain, strain rate, temperature and explicit microstructure variables including pearlite volume fraction and grain size. Results of this model are compared with those obtained experimentally for both the as-received and heat treated materials.
Charachterization of two Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas for breast cancer Near-field Radar Imaing

This letter assesses the performance of two Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas, which have been previously designed for a fused DBT/NRI breast imaging system, through two simple experiments. In the first experiment, the s-parameters of both antennas, when they are positioned front-to-front, are obtained and compared with simulations. In the second experiment, the capability of the antennas in detecting a metallic bearing ball submerged in sunflower oil is evaluated. A mechatronic system is used to move the antennas over the bearing ball, and the scattered field is measured using a vector network analyzer operating in the 1–3 GHz frequency band. The s-parameters of the fabricated antennas are in good agreement with those predicted by the simulations, and they are capable of measuring the scattered field from the metallic ball when they move over it.
Parents' Sexual Orientation and Children's Development

What if any influence does parents' sexual orientation have on children's development? Research suggests that, contrary to concerns voiced by many observers, parents' sexual orientation has little if any direct impact on children's development. Even so, some distinctive qualities of experiences in families of lesbian and gay parents have been noted, and their implications are not fully understood. Moreover, research on individual differences among families headed by lesbian mothers and gay fathers, and their possible impact on children, is still in its early phases. In this article, I provide an overview of research in this area and offer suggestions for further studies.
Non-linear Error Detection for Finite State Machines

We propose the use of systematic nonlinear error detection codes to secure the next-state logic of finite state machines (FSMs). We consider attacks under an adversarial model which assumes an advanced attacker with high temporal and spatial fault injection capability. Due to the non-uniform characteristics of FSMs, simple application of the systematic non-linear codes will not provide sufficient protection. As a solution to this problem, we use randomized masking. Furthermore, we show that our proposal detects injected faults with probability exponentially close to 1.
Using steady flow analysis for noise predictions

Abstract Three different methods based on steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solutions are used to calculate the noise emitted from airfoils. Their results are compared to the ones obtained from experiments, a semi-empirical airfoil self-noise prediction code called NAFNoise developed by NREL, and large eddy simulations (LES). The three methods considered are a noise metric developed by Hosder et al. which can only predict overall sound pressure levels (OASPL) but no frequency spectra and two different statistical models developed by Doolan et al. and Remmler et al. The method by Doolan et al. employs a Green’s function solution for airfoil trailing-edge far-field noise whereas the method by Remmler et al. predicts the pressure spectrum on the airfoil surface which is then used to compute the far-field sound by means of a hybrid noise prediction. All noise predictions were made at low speed and moderate Reynolds number similar to the environment of a small unmanned aerial system and involved different NACA airfoils as well as the SD 7003 airfoil.
Feasibility of Incremental 2-Times Weekly Hemodialysis in Incident Patients With Residual Kidney Function

Introduction We hypothesized that at least half of incident hemodialysis (HD) patients on 3-times weekly dialysis could safely start on an incremental, 2-times weekly HD schedule if residual kidney function (RKF) had been considered. Methods RKF is assessed in all our HD patients. This single-center, retrospective cohort study of incident adult HD patients, who survived ≥6 months on a 3-times weekly HD regimen and had a timed urine collection within 3 months of starting HD, assessed each patient’s theoretical ability to achieve adequate urea clearance, ultrafiltration rate, and hemodynamic stability if on 2-times weekly HD. Results Of the 410 patients in the cohort, we found that 112 (27%) could have optimally and 107 (26%) could have been appropriately considered for 2-times weekly incremental HD. In general, diuretics were underutilized in >50% of subjects who had adequate RKF urea clearance. The optimal 2-times weekly patients had better potassium and phosphorus control. The correlation coefficient of calculated residual kidney urea clearance with 24-hour urine volume and with kinetic model residual kidney clearance was 0.68 and 0.99, respectively. Discussion More than 50% of incident HD patients with RKF have adequate kidney urea clearance to be considered for 2-times weekly HD. When additionally ultrafiltration volume and blood pressure stability are taken into account, more than one-fourth of the total cohort could optimally start HD in an incremental fashion.
Automating data citation in CiteDB

An increasing amount of information is being collected in structured, evolving, curated databases, driving the question of how information extracted from such datasets via queries should be cited. While several databases say how data should be cited for web-page views of the database, they leave it to users to manually construct the citations. Furthermore, they do not say how data extracted by queries other than web-page views -- general queries -- should be cited. This demo shows how citations can be specified for a small set of views of the database, and used to automatically generate citations for general queries against the database.
Calling Up IT Prospects

The Network Operations Center (NOC) at Tulane University has been coined as the "farm team". The NOC staff members are in a very unique position; they have to be educated on how to troubleshoot all Tulane applications as well being familiar with Tulane processes. Staff members, students, affiliates, faculty, parents and external candidates contact the NOC team for technology related support. As the staff member gains tremendous experience over the years, these positions unfortunately have a shelf-life and many begin to look for other opportunities. When positions in other teams have become open, NOC staff members have applied, and in the majority of the cases, ventured into other Tulane technology positions. The key role as a manager requires hiring quality applicants, adding to their skill set and seeing them move on to further their IT career within Tulane instead of letting them walk away. Some may say that I have a revolving door, but I strongly believe that it is adding to the future of Tulane technology.
Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections in Adult Burn Patients

OBJECTIVE Burn patients are particularly vulnerable to infection, and an estimated half of all burn deaths are due to infections. This study explored risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in adult burn patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary-care burn center. PATIENTS Adults (≥18 years old) admitted with burn injury for at least 2 days between 2004 and 2013. METHODS HAIs were determined in real-time by infection preventionists using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the direct effect of each risk factor on time to HAI, with inverse probability of censor weights to address potentially informative censoring. Effect measure modification by burn size was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 4,426 patients met inclusion criteria, and 349 (7.9%) patients had at least 1 HAI within 60 days of admission. Compared to 6 times as likely to acquire an HAI (HR, 6.38; 95% CI, 3.64-11.17); and patients with >20% TBSA were >10 times as likely to acquire an HAI (HR, 10.33; 95% CI, 5.74-18.60). Patients with inhalational injury were 1.5 times as likely to acquire an HAI (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.17-2.22). The effect of inhalational injury (P=.09) appeared to be larger among patients with ≤20% TBSA. CONCLUSIONS Larger burns and inhalational injury were associated with increased incidence of HAIs. Future research should use these risk factors to identify potential interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1441-1448.
Associations of perceived norms with intentions to learn genomic sequencing results: Roles for attitudes and ambivalence.

OBJECTIVE Genomic sequencing is becoming increasingly accessible, highlighting the need to understand the social and psychological factors that drive interest in receiving testing results. These decisions may depend on perceived descriptive norms (how most others behave) and injunctive norms (what is approved of by others). We predicted that descriptive norms would be directly associated with intentions to learn genomic sequencing results, whereas injunctive norms would be associated indirectly, via attitudes. These differential associations with intentions versus attitudes were hypothesized to be strongest when individuals held ambivalent attitudes toward obtaining results. METHOD Participants enrolled in a genomic sequencing trial (n = 372) reported intentions to learn medically actionable, nonmedically actionable, and carrier sequencing results. Descriptive norms items referenced other study participants. Injunctive norms were analyzed separately for close friends and family members. Attitudes, attitudinal ambivalence, and sociodemographic covariates were also assessed. RESULTS In structural equation models, both descriptive norms and friend injunctive norms were associated with intentions to receive all sequencing results (ps < .004). Attitudes consistently mediated all friend injunctive norms-intentions associations, but not the descriptive norms-intentions associations. Attitudinal ambivalence moderated the association between friend injunctive norms (p ≤ .001), but not descriptive norms (p = .16), and attitudes. Injunctive norms were significantly associated with attitudes when ambivalence was high, but were unrelated when ambivalence was low. Results replicated for family injunctive norms. CONCLUSIONS Descriptive and injunctive norms play roles in genomic sequencing decisions. Considering mediators and moderators of these processes enhances ability to optimize use of normative information to support informed decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record
GENETIC ANALYSES OF PICHINDE AND LCM ARENAVIRUSES; EVIDENCE FOR A UNIQUE ORGANIZATION FOR PICHINDE S RNA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetic analyses of Pichinde and LCM arena viruses, offering evidence for a unique organization for Pichinde S RNA. Although the genome coding assignments for the three primary gene products of Pichinde viruses are known, the gene order of the S encoded proteins and their transcriptional strategies are unknown. The hydrophobic character of its amino proximal sequences could represent a signal or transmembranal region in common with other membrane, or secreted proteins. There is no U rich sequence following the N gene that could serve as a polyadenylation signal if a monocistronic N message is synthesized as, for example, in the case of rhabdoviruses. Alternatively, if there is a poly cistronic messenger in RNA species, it may be important in ribosome scanning or the initiation of the translation of the second gene product.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses: regulators of gonadotropin synthesis and ovulatory cycles.

Publisher Summary Early studies of the patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in humans revealed that LH is released into the circulation in a series of pulses, and studies in animals have shown that pulses of LH reflect pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This pulsatile mode of GnRH secretion is essential for the maintenance of gonadotropin synthesis and release. GnRH secretion and the pattern of GnRH stimulation appears to be important in the differential synthesis and release of LH and follicle stimulating hormone by the pituitary gonadotrope. Therefore, this chapter examines the role of the pattern of GnRH stimulation of the gonadotrope in regulating gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. It also presents current evidence on the effects of the changes in pulsatile GnRH release during human pubertal maturation and during ovulatory cycles in women. The ability to alter the pattern of GnRH stimulation is an essential component of the regulation of reproduction in mammals.
Relevance to Space Weather

Here we discuss how CMEs contribute to space weather. We focus mostly on Earth, and briefly visit the other planets in the solar system. We begin by discussing a number of examples of damaging space weather events at the Earth, such as the spacecraft damage and power outages. This is followed by a review of the structure of the Earth's magnetosphere and what happens during a magnetic storm. A discussion of magnetic reconnection follows, which is the process by which CMEs connect with the geomagnetic field. This chapter is concluded with a discussion on space weather at other planets, including some of the most recent work with Mercury, Venus and Mars.
Treating exercise-associated low testosterone and its related symptoms

The Exercise-Hypogonadal Male Condition (EHMC) has been described to occur in athletes who experience low serum testosterone and associated symptoms. While high volumes of endurance exercise can lead to reduced testosterone concentrations in men, similar changes may occur in other sports including anerobic and power sports such as American football, and weight class sports such as wrestling. A reduced testosterone concentration alone does not necessarily warrant treatment, but when it is accompanied by symptoms of hypogonadism, such as fatigue, sexual dysfunction, and/or low bone mineral density (BMD), an athlete's performance and/or health may suffer. While pharmacological treatments such as testosterone or clomiphene citrate have been shown to be effective in treating hypogonadism, these options are not available to athletes competing in sports governed by the World Anti-Doping Agency. We recommend treatment of EHMC in athletes should include nutritional intervention and modification of training. Recognizing EHMC's existence in male athletes is important to optimize their health.
Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change for measures of balance and gait in adults with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Background Walking and balance often begin to deteriorate in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in early adulthood. The decline in walking and balance imposes a more sedentary lifestyle, increases falls risk, negatively affects health, participation, and quality of life, and ultimately results in increased disability. Available research is not sufficient to guide interventions to improve walking and balance in this population. To advance research in this area, there is a need for measures of gait and balance with proven psychometrics for adults with CP. Research question The goal of this study was to determine test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) values and to assess score distribution for the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and the Four Square Step Test (FSST) as measures of balance, for the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale and the Modified Fall Efficacy Scale (MFES) as measures of balance confidence, and for over-ground spatiotemporal gait parameters at comfortable gait speed (CGS) and fast gait speed (FGS). Methods Twenty ambulant adults with CP (mean age 32.7 years), GMFCS-E&R Levels I and II, were tested twice within an average of 10 days. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), and MDC95 values were calculated using standard error of measurement values. Results The test-retest reliability of most outcome measures was good to excellent. ICC values were: BESTest = 0.99, BESTest sections 0.88 to 0.98, FSST = 0.91, ABC=0.86, MFES = 0.9, CGS = 0.88, and FGS = 0.98. MDC values were: BESTest total = 4.9%, BESTest sections 8.7%–21.2%, FSST = 3.7 s, ABC = 18%, MFES = 1 point, CGS = 0.26 m/s, and FGS = 0.14 m/s. Most outcome scores were broadly distributed over scales ranges. Significance Adults with CP demonstrated stable test-retest performance on the selected measures. These measures could be useful to assess balance and gait of adults with CP. The MDC values can help evaluate whether observed changes exceed the expected random test-retest variations.
Hardy-space function theory, operator model theory, and dissipative linear systems: the multivariable, free-noncommutative, weighted Bergman-space setting

It is known that (i) a subspace ${\mathcal N}$ of the Hardy space $H^2$ which is invariant under the backward shift operator can be represented as the range of the observability operator of a conservative discrete-time linear system, (ii) the transfer-function of this conservative linear system in turn is the inner Beurling-Lax representer for the forward-shift invariant subspace ${\mathcal M} : = {\mathcal N}^\perp$, and (iii) this transfer function also serves as the Sz.-Nagy-Foias characteristic function of the pure contraction operator $T$ given by $T = P_{\mathcal N} M_z |_{\mathcal N}$. The main focus of this paper is to present the extension of this structure to a more general setting. The Hardy space is replaced by the full weighted Bergman-Fock space of formal power series in $d$ freely noncommutative indeterminates, where the shift is replaced by the right shift tuple, where the conservative/dissipative discrete-time linear system becomes a certain type of conservative/dissipative multidimensional linear system with time-varying weights and with evolution along a rooted tree with each node having $d$ forward branches, where a backward shift-invariant subspace ${\mathcal N}$ is the range of the observability operator for such a weighted-Bergman multidimensional linear system, and where the transfer function of this system is the Beurling-Lax representer for the forward shift-invariant subspace ${\mathcal M} = {\mathcal N}^{[\perp]}$, and where this transfer function also serves as the characteristic function for the operator tuple having hypercontractive-operator-tuple adjoint equal to the restriction of the backward-shift tuple to $\mathcal N$.
Impacts of environmental stressors on nonpoint source pollution in intensively managed hydrologic systems

Abstract Agricultural practices intended to increase productivity can adversely affect our soil and water resources. Expected changes in climate and other social pressure are anticipated to exacerbate these impacts jeopardizing the sustainability of the agro-ecosystems. Watershed Management Practices (WMPs) are meant to achieve a rational use of resources as well as enhance ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, the effectiveness of WMPs depends on the complex interactions between processes occurring across the watershed. The objective of this study was to simulate the impacts of WMPs and projected climate on the sediment and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) stream loads in an intensively managed watershed. The modeling framework was developed with the physically-based distributed model Mike SHE for the Upper Sangamon River Basin (USRB), an agricultural watershed in central Illinois. The fate and transport of sediment and NO3-N in the watershed and rivers was simulated using a generic advection-dispersion equation (ADE) with NO3-N and sediment as the main species. Results showed that non-structural WMPs, such as crop rotation and cover crops, presented the highest reductions of simulated NO3-N and sediment load, respectively, while structural WMPs had higher area-efficiency performance. On the other hand, climate conditions had a strong impact on the transport of both pollutants due to water fluxes alterations especially for a future dry climate scenario. Sediment transport was shown to be more sensitive to climate given that rainfall is one of the main drivers of the erosion processes. Outcomes from this research will give a more comprehensive approach toward understanding the impacts of environmental stressors at a watershed scale, and how they may be propagated to ecological systems.