cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Hospital Experience Rather than Volume Improve Outcomes in Geriatric Trauma Patients

Background Although high absolute hospital geriatric trauma volume (GTV) is associated with improved outcomes among geriatric trauma patients, the actual geriatric trauma proportion (GTP) might be a better predictor of outcomes. Study Design Adult trauma admissions were identified in the California State Inpatient Database, 2007 to 2011. Hospital characteristics were extracted from the American Hospital Association database. The annual trauma volume of patients 65 years and older was calculated for each hospital. The GTP was derived by dividing the GTV by the overall adult trauma volume and hospitals were categorized into tertiles of GTP. Outcomes were hospital mortality, failure to rescue (FTR), and 30-day readmission in geriatric trauma patients. Independent risk factors were assessed with clustered multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics. Results There were 61,915 geriatric trauma patients included from 63 trauma centers. Hospital mortality, FTR, and 30-day readmission rates were 4.99%, 16.07%, and 12.03%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for in-hospital mortality and FTR per 100 patient increase in GTV were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83–1.00) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.90–1.14), respectively. As compared with hospitals in the lowest tertile, adjusted odds of mortality and FTR in the highest tertile were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54–0.94) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.48–0.92), respectively. None of the hospital factors measured was significantly associated with readmission. The Wald test revealed that GTP played a larger role than GTV in predicting hospital mortality (p = 0.018 vs p = 0.048) and FTR (p = 0.015 vs p = 0.985). Conclusions Treatment at hospitals with higher GTP is associated with lower hospital mortality and FTR among geriatric patients. These findings suggest that creation of specialized services for geriatric trauma care can improve outcomes among geriatric trauma patients.
The Agent Carrier and Transfer Approach to Radiobiological Responses

A conceptually close analogue for evaluating different approaches to the assessment of the average risk to cells exposed to “low-level radiation” can be found in physics. Here a physical target(s) of atomic or nuclear dimensions is exposed in a specified field of incident particles, and the probability of a particle-target encounter, and thus the risk of target transformation, is determined by observing the number of encounters that occur during a given exposure time tE. This approach is described by the simple equation, $${{\text{N}}_{\text{H}}} = {{\text{N}}_{\text{E}}}\;\phi \;\mathop \sigma \limits^ - ,\;{\text{or}}$$ (1) $${{\text{I}}_{\text{H}}} = \phi \mathop {\sigma ,}\limits^ -$$ (2)
Muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the torque profile of frog hip joint

The relative contributions of muscle force, moment arm, and tendon compliance were determined as a function of joint angle in the frog semitendinosus-hip joint system. Muscle, joint, and tendon properties were individually measured and then combined to predict the torque generated at the hip joint as a function of joint angle (i.e., the hip torque profile). Predicted torques were then compared to experimentally measured torques using a stepwise regression model to quantify the relative importance of muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the hip torque profile. Variation in moment arm accounted for 74% of the variability observed in the hip torque profile, while addition of the muscle's intrinsic sarcomere length-tension property accounted for an additional 19% of the torque profile variability. Tendon compliance, which permitted a small amount of sarcomere shortening, accounted for only about 4% of the torque profile variability. We conclude that in this muscle-joint system, the relative fiber length-to-moment arm ratio is the major determinant of the shape of the isometric joint profile. The fiber length-to-moment arm ratio in other mammalian systems is also discussed.
Right Adjunction in the Right Peripheries

0. Introduction The primary goal of this paper is to investigate some instances of rightward scrambling in Turkish, and propose an analysis for them adopting a theory in which Θ-roles are considered to be features. More explicitly, it will be suggested that instances of rightward scrambling should be interpreted as base-generation/pure merge, where the timing of merger is argued to be determinable by the strength of the Θ-feature of the selected category. The empirical domain of this study covers rightward scrambling in the context of nominalized embedded clauses in Turkish. Two puzzling observations will be at the center of the investigation: (i) The grammaticality of local rightward scrambling within a nominalized complement clause depends on whether the nominalized clause itself is rightward scrambled or in-situ, and (ii) while long distance rightward scrambling of an XP out of an in-situ embedded clause is grammatical, local rightward scrambling of an XP within an in-situ embedded clause is ungrammatical. In addition to the assumptions noted above, two more assumptions of the current analysis will be that (i) right-adjunction is an option available in the grammar, and (ii) lowering at LF is possible in line with Boskovic and Takahashi (1998). This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 lays out the facts examined in the paper. Section 2 outlines the proposal, and Section 3 demonstrates how it fares with respect to the relevant facts. Section 4 considers a number of predictions of the proposal, and Section 5 concludes the paper by presenting a summary.
Stability of motivations and risk attractiveness: The adventure recreation experience

Since 2009, participation rates for adventure recreation that involve elements of risk have increased over 25 per cent. Using the independent variables of gender, skill level and activity type, this study investigated the effect on reported motivations in a variety of adventure recreation activities over the period of 2000–2008. In addition, this study examined the stability of these motivations over a 6-year time period. With a sample size of 801, participants engaged in four different adventure activities (rock climbing, whitewater kayaking, sea kayaking and canoeing). Exploratory factor analysis generated four factors: Social, Escape, Sensation-Seeking and Self-Image. Furthermore, using ANOVA and confirmatory factor analysis procedures, differences in motives for participation were reported between males and females and different adventure activities. Over the time period of this study, the Social and Escape factors increased in importance, while the factor Self-Image decreased and Sensation-Seeking remained constant. The findings challenge the previously held assumption that motives for participation are similar across specific activities, gender and experience level.
Optimal Design for Two-Level Random Assignment and Regression Discontinuity Studies.

An important concern when planning research studies is to obtain maximum precision of an estimate of a treatment effect given a budget constraint. When research designs have a multilevel or hierarchical structure changes in sample size at different levels of the design will impact precision differently. Furthermore, there will typically be differential costs of enrolling additional units at different levels of the hierarchy. The optimal design problem in multilevel research studies involves determining the optimal sample size at each level of the design given specified design parameters and a specified marginal cost of recruitment at each level. The current work extends existing results by considering optimal design for (a) unbalanced random assignment designs and (b) regression discontinuity designs.
Study on injuries and influence factors among elementary and middle school students in Haidian district, Beijing

Objective To investigate prevalence of injuries and its effect factors among primary and middle school students,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of injuries.Methods 1 008 students and their parents in Haidian district were selected through stratified multi-stage sample method. A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted in this study.Results There were 153 students suffered injuries during the study period and the incidence of injury was 15.1%. Among them the number of injuries was 230 and the rate was 22.82%. The rates of single injury and multiple injuries were respectively 11.01%(111/1 008)and 4.17%(42/1 008). The leading cause of injuries was falls, which mostly happened in the playground, gymnasium and swimming pool. The most frequent results of injuries were hand or foot hurts. The results of negative binomial regression analysis showed gender, age, BMI, running the red light at the cross, the number of fights, type of family and education level of their fathers were the effect factors of injuries. Conclusion Injuries among primary and middle school students were still a serious public health problem. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the injury rate according to the characteristics and influence factors.
Epidemiological analysis on measles in Shangqiu City in 2005

Objective To analyze measles of Shangqiu City in 2005 is to guide measles control.Methods Analyzing measles cases from the special surveillance system in 2005.Results A total of 680 cases of measles were reported in Shangqiu in 2005.The incidence rate was 8.29 per 100,000,highest in the past 15 years.Most of the cases were primarily teenagers below 15,mostly infected in March,April,May and December.In 2005 we saw 117 cases in 10 outbreaks of measles coming to 17.21 percent of all cases.Conclusion The primary reason of a high incidence rate of measles in 2005 is due to the child basic immunization failure(including the children who did not accept immunization) and incorrect infectious-disease report.
Restoring placental growth factor-soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 balance reverses vascular hyper-reactivity and hypertension in pregnancy

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder (HTN-Preg) with unclear mechanism. An imbalance between antiangiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and angiogenic plac...
THE SAFETY OF DERMATOLOGIC LIPOSUCTION SURGERY

The safety of liposuction surgery begins with appropriate preoperative evaluation and patient selection. Operative considerations include the type of anesthesia used, the volume of fat aspirated, and the liposuction technique utilized. Results from a recent survey revealed that liposuction surgery can be extremely safe when done under local anesthesia with conservative fat removal.
Multiple Solutions to the Same Problem: Utilization of Plausibility and Syntax in Sentence Comprehension by Older Adults with Impaired Hearing.

A fundamental question in psycholinguistic theory is whether equivalent success in sentence comprehension may come about by different underlying operations. Of special interest is whether adult aging, especially when accompanied by reduced hearing acuity, may shift the balance of reliance on formal syntax versus plausibility in determining sentence meaning. In two experiments participants were asked to identify the thematic roles in grammatical sentences that contained either plausible or implausible semantic relations. Comprehension of sentence meanings was indexed by the ability to correctly name the agent or the recipient of an action represented in the sentence. In Experiment 1 young and older adults’ comprehension was tested for sentences with the meaning expressed with either an active-declarative or a passive syntactic form. In Experiment 2 comprehension performance was examined for young adults with age-normal hearing, older adults with good hearing acuity, and age-matched older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss for plausible or implausible sentences with meaning expressed with either a subject-relative or an object-relative syntactic structure. Experiment 1 showed that the likelihood of interpreting a sentence according to its literal meaning was reduced when that meaning expressed an implausible relationship. Experiment 2 showed that this likelihood was further decreased for object-relative as compared to subject-relative sentences, and especially so for older adults whose hearing impairment added to the perceptual challenge. Experiment 2 also showed that working memory capacity as measured with a letter-number sequencing task contributed to the likelihood that listeners would base their comprehension responses on the literal syntax even when this processing scheme yielded an implausible meaning. Taken together, the results of both experiments support the postulate that listeners may use more than a single uniform processing strategy for successful sentence comprehension, with the existence of these alternative solutions only revealed when literal syntax and plausibility do not coincide.
Comparative roles of histidine-51 in human β1β1 and threonine-51 in ππ alcohol dehydrogenases

Abstract Histidine at position 51 of the class I β 1 alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) functions as a general base by indirectly abstracting a proton from the alcohol substrate through a hydrogen-bonded proton relay system. The human class II π-ADH was reported to be polymorphic, having either Ser or Thr, but not His at position 51. It is unknown whether Ser or Thr51 have a catalytic role in ethanol oxidation with π-ADH. Accordingly, we expressed and purified recombinant mutants of π-ADH with Thr, Ser, and His at position 51. At pH 6.5, values for V max / K m for ethanol were 0.30, 0.10, and 0.09 min −1 mM −1 for π51Thr, π51Ser, and π51His ADH, respectively. Hence the effects of the substitutions were much less than the 11-fold decrease in V max / K m observed for β 1 -ADH when a neutral amino acid (Gln) was substituted for His51. Addition of a buffer base (400 mM glycylglycine) had little effect on V max / K m of recombinant π51Thr or π51Ser ADH, while it increased V max / K m for ethanol 7-fold for the β 1 51Gln ADH. We conclude that there is no evidence for Thr51 of π-ADH participating in a proton relay similar to that seen in β 1 -ADH and that a base at position 51 may not be a universal requirement for a functional alcohol dehydrogenase with a moderate efficiency for ethanol oxidation at a physiological pH.
A Comparison of In-Game Brand Placement for Active Versus Passive Players

ABSTRACTWatching other people play video games is becoming a popular online activity. The current study compares the effectiveness of in-game advertising between two groups of people—active gamers and passive watchers. Hypotheses are proposed using the limited capacity model as a theoretical framework and tested using an experimental method. Results suggest that individuals watching someone else play a video game recall at least four times as many brands as actual players of the video game. However, there are no significant differences in attitudes and purchase intentions due to exposure while playing or watching. Implications are drawn and future directions for research are suggested.
Biophysical and neural basis of resting state functional connectivity: Evidence from non-human primates

Functional MRI (fMRI) has evolved from simple observations of regional changes in MRI signals caused by cortical activity induced by a task or stimulus, to task-free acquisitions of images in a resting state. Such resting state signals contain low frequency fluctuations which may be correlated between voxels, and strongly correlated regions are deemed to reflect functional connectivity within synchronized circuits. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) measures have been widely adopted by the neuroscience community, and are being used and interpreted as indicators of intrinsic neural circuits and their functional states in a broad range of applications, both basic and clinical. However, there has been relatively little work reported that validates whether inter-regional correlations in resting state fluctuations of fMRI (rsfMRI) signals actually measure functional connectivity between brain regions, or to establish how MRI data correlate with other metrics of functional connectivity. In this mini-review, we summarize recent studies of rsFC within mesoscopic scale cortical networks (100μm-10mm) within a well defined functional region of primary somatosensory cortex (S1), as well as spinal cord and brain white matter in non-human primates, in which we have measured spatial patterns of resting state correlations and validated their interpretation with electrophysiological signals and anatomic connections. Moreover, we emphasize that low frequency correlations are a general feature of neural systems, as evidenced by their presence in the spinal cord as well as white matter. These studies demonstrate the valuable role of high field MRI and invasive measurements in an animal model to inform the interpretation of human imaging studies.
Principals Perceptions of their Knowledge in Special Education

With the Every Student Succeeds Act continuing to legislate accountability for special education and Hispanic students, the appropriate content in principal preparation programs relevant to successful leadership of special education programs is vital. This mixed methods study analyzed the survey responses of 84 principals in South Texas from predominantly Hispanic schools to determine the principals’ perceptions regarding their legal, foundational, and contextual knowledge of special education and their suggested topics for inclusion in curriculum content of principal preparation programs to provide the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively implement and supervise special education programs. Results indicated that the principals’ greatest knowledge was of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (100%) and the lowest area of knowledge was in designing curriculum for students with disabilities (65%). The most frequent recommendation for inclusion in principal preparation was for additional content in special education laws, Section 504, and Response to Intervention.
Electrochemistry-based Battery Modeling for Prognostics

Batteries are used in a wide variety of applications. In recent years, they have become popular as a source of power for electric vehicles such as cars, unmanned aerial vehicles, and commericial passenger aircraft. In such application domains, it becomes crucial to both monitor battery health and performance and to predict end of discharge (EOD) and end of useful life (EOL) events. To implement such technologies, it is crucial to understand how batteries work and to capture that knowledge in the form of models that can be used by monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis algorithms. In this work, we develop electrochemistry-based models of lithium-ion batteries that capture the significant electrochemical processes, are computationally efficient, capture the effects of aging, and are of suitable accuracy for reliable EOD prediction in a variety of usage profiles. This paper reports on the progress of such a model, with results demonstrating the model validity and accurate EOD predictions.
A solution-processed near-infrared polymer: PbS quantum dot photodetectors

Operating at room temperature, a solution-processed photodetector with near infrared sensitivity would be a significant advancement towards industrial and scientific applications. Polymer-inorganic quantum dot (QD) composites are attractive due to combination of the merits of polymeric and inorganic semiconductors in novel electronic and photonic systems. Inorganic QDs are highly suitable as infrared absorbers, and polymer bulk heterojunctions are attractive as solution-processable diodes. Herein, we demonstrated a photodetector with a spectral response ranging from 300 nm to 1600 nm using a bulk heterojunction composite of a wide bandgap conjugated polymer with narrow bandgap PbS QDs. Operating at room temperature, the solution-processed photodetectors exhibit a detectivity greater than 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 and an external quantum efficiency of over 80% in the visible region and 10% in the infrared region. All these device performances are comparable to those of their inorganic counterparts. Thus, our results demonstrate a simple way to fabricate uncooled solution-processed broadband photodetectors.
Optimized ARROW-Based MMI Waveguides for High Fidelity Excitation Patterns for Optofluidic Multiplexing

Multimode interference (MMI) waveguides can be used for multiplexing and de-multiplexing optical signals. High fidelity, wavelength dependent multi-spot patterns from MMI waveguides are useful for sensitive and simultaneous identification of multiple targets in multiplexed fluorescence optofluidic biosensors. Through experiments and simulation, this paper explores design parameters for an MMI rib anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide in order to produce high fidelity spot patterns at the liquid core biomarker excitation region. Width and etch depth of the single excitation rib waveguide used to excite the MMI waveguide are especially critical because they determine the size of the input optical mode which is imaged at the MMI waveguide’s output. To increase optical throughput into the MMI waveguide when light is coupled in from an optical fiber, tapers in the waveguide width can be used for better mode matching.
The great impacts Houdini

I argue that the broader impacts conversation in research evaluation is designed to look like it addresses difficult questions about progress and the good life, whereas in fact it avoids them. In s...
Chapter Twenty-Five - Case History: Xalkori™ (Crizotinib), a Potent and Selective Dual Inhibitor of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) for Cancer Treatment

Abstract Xalkori™ (crizotinib, PF-02341066), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor targeting mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), was invented using structure-based drug design and medicinal chemistry lead optimization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted fast-track approval of crizotinib on August 26, 2011 based on the marked efficacy of crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and good safety profile in Phases I and II trials. Promising antitumor activity has been observed with crizotinib in patients with abnormal ALK genes of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and neuroblastoma; with abnormal ROS1 gene in NSCLC; and with MET gene amplified NSCLC. The broad antitumor activities of crizotinib based on molecular targets across many cancers indicate the importance of understanding tumor biology to identify the oncogenic driver targets for the stratification of the right patient population.
Lessons Learned: The Promise and Possibility of Educational Accountability in the United States

This chapter reviews educational reform efforts in the United States beginning with the National Commission on Excellence in Education in 1981 and traces how student assessment has come to be associated with large-scale, centralized, high-impact testing. This approach has been instrumental in aligning curriculum to standards and disaggregating results to focus attention on student groups. However, unintended consequences have narrowed the curriculum, decreased time for instruction, and pushed students out of school.
Darcy Flow, Multigrid, and Upscaling

Simulation of flow through a heterogeneous porous medium with fine-scale features can be computationally expensive if the flow is fully resolved. Multigrid algorithms are often used to compute approximations to such problems because of storage considerations, the high condition number of the problem, and multigrid’s resolution independent convergence rate.
A Pilot Project Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Design a Standardised Anaesthesia Workspace.

Objective Maximising safe handoff procedures ensures patient safety. Anaesthesiology practices have primarily focused on developing better communication tools. However, these tools tend to ignore the physical layout of the anaesthesia workspace itself. Standardising the anaesthesia workspace has the potential to improve patient safety. The design process should incorporate end user feedback and objective data. Methods This pilot project aims to design a standardised anaesthesia workspace using eye-tracking technology at a single university-affiliated Veterans Affairs hospital. Twelve practising anaesthesiologists observed a series of images representing five clinical scenarios. Each of these had a question prompting them to look for certain items commonly found in the anaesthesia workspace. Using eye-tracking technology, the gaze data of participants were recorded. These data were used to generate heat maps of the specific areas of interest in the workspace that received the most fixation counts. Results The laryngoscope and propofol had the highest percentages of gaze fixations on the left-hand side of the workstation, in closest proximity to the anaesthesiologist. Atropine, although the highest percentage of gaze fixations (33%) placed it on the right-hand side of the workstation, also had 25% of gaze fixations centred over the anaesthesia cart. Conclusion Gaze fixation analyses showed that anaesthesiologists identified locations for the laryngoscope and propofol within easy reach and emergency medications further away. Because eye tracking can provide objective data to influence the design process, it may be useful when developing standardised anaesthesia workspace templates for individual practices.
On nonlinear rotating electrified non-Newtonian jets

Abstract We consider a nonlinear non-Newtonian rotating jet flow whose centerline is curved and is elongated by an electric force due to an imposed electric field. The jet is driven both by the imposed electric and rotational forces. We introduce a non-Newtonian viscosity model, which, in particular, takes into account both extension thinning and thickening of the jet. From the governing equations and the boundary conditions of such jet flow, we construct a modeling system based on the slender-body theory for such nonlinear jet and calculate numerically the expressions for the nonlinear steady solutions for the jet quantities such as radius, speed, stretching rate, induced electric field and surface charge versus arc length. We determine these quantities for different values of the parameters that represent effects due to rotation, electric field, electric conductivity, viscosity and relaxation time. We find, in particular, that the jet speeds up, stretches up, and its diameter reduces significantly with increasing the imposed electric force, rotational forces and the jet relaxation time. The notable jet radius reduction that is due to strong electric and rotational effects is found to be for jet dominated by negative surface charge whose magnitude enhances with the rotation rate and the electrical conductivity.
Association between allostatic load and health behaviours: a latent class approach

Background Allostatic load (AL) has been characterised in many ways throughout the literature; however, its relationship to health behaviours has only been studied in limited populations. We aimed to uncover qualitative patterns of biological indicators in AL and determine if those patterns were associated with certain health behaviours. Methods We conducted latent class analysis using biological indicators from a multiethnic population. We fit latent class regression of class on health behaviours (smoking, poor diet, physical activity and alcohol use) to measure the association between each latent class of AL and each health behaviour. Results Four classes, ‘Metabolic+Cholesterol, ‘Blood Pressure’, ‘Metabolic+Blood Pressure’ and ‘Low’, were found in the sample. Latent class regression showed that physical activity and alcohol use were significantly associated with the ‘Metabolic+Blood Pressure’ class. Conclusion Less physical activity was required to improve AL than was previously found. Low to moderate alcohol use was beneficial for lower AL. Implications of the amount of physical activity necessary to lower AL is discussed.
Weight-for-Age Percentile as a Pediatric Predictor of Emergency Department Outcome:

This study is a retrospective cohort study that examines the association between weight-for-age percentile and pediatric admission incidence from the emergency department (ED) for all diagnoses. The charts of 1432 pediatric patients under 18 years with ED visits from 2013 to 2015 at a tertiary children's hospital were reviewed. Analyses of subject age/weight stratifications were performed, along with ED disposition, reason for visit, and Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the independent effect of weight-for-age percentile on ED disposition while controlling for age, ESI, and reason for visit. Underweight subjects were more likely to be admitted than their normal weight counterparts when analyzed overall (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58, P < .01) and by age: less than 2.0 years of age (OR = 2.04, P = .033), between 2.01 and 6.0 years of age (OR = 8.60, P = .004), and between 6.01 and 13.0 years of age (OR = 3.83, P = .053). Younger age (OR = 0.935, P < .001) and higher acuity (OR = 3.49, P < .001) were also significant predictors of admission. No significant associations were found between weight and likelihood of admission for patients older than 13.01 years or between overweight/obese weight categories and admission for any age subgroups. This study suggests that underweight children younger than 13 years are at higher risk to be admitted from the ED than their normal weight, overweight, and obese counterparts. Even when controlling for other key factors, such as the ESI, a lower weight-for-age percentile was a reliable predictor of hospitalization.
“The right place and the right time”: A qualitative study of the decision-making process of self-initiated HIV testing among young adults

Young adults continue to have very low rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, which contribute to transmission, late diagnoses, and poor health outcomes. The access and uptake of HIV testing among young adults can be improved by promoting self-initiated testing (i.e., testing without the immediate recommendation of a clinician). Little is known, however, about how young adults self-initiate HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to explore the decision-making process of young adults who self-initiated HIV testing. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 30 young adults aged 18-24 years. The findings from this study describe how young adults acknowledge their vulnerability to HIV infection and navigate the process of deciding to self-initiate testing. Some subcategories include Self-Convincing, Conversation Prompts, and The Right Place and Right Time. Findings from this study are pivotal for subsequent studies to further understand self-initiated HIV testing among young adults and design targeted interventions that will improve testing uptake.
Effects of age on vertical jump performance and muscle morphology characteristics in females.

BACKGROUND Declines in muscle morphology and function are commonly reported as a consequence of aging. However, few studies have investigated the influence of age on a comprehensive set of muscle function-related measures (i.e., reactive strength, power, etc.) that focuses on a dynamic performance task such as the vertical jump across the adult life span. This study aimed to examine the effects of age on muscle morphology characteristics (muscle cross-sectional area [CSA] and echo intensity [EI]) and vertical jump height, power, and reactive strength index (RSI) in females. METHODS Twenty-six young (22±2 years), 30 middle-aged (36±5 years), and 23 older (71±5 years) females participated in this study. Muscle CSA and EI were determined from ultrasound scans of the vastus lateralis. Countermovement jumps were used to assess jump height, RSI, movement time, and peak power (Pmax). RESULTS Muscle CSA, jump height, and Pmax were higher for the young compared to the old and middle-aged (P≤0.027) and for the middle-aged compared to the old (P<0.001). Movement time and EI values were lower (P≤0.004) and RSI values were higher (P<0.001) for the young and middle-aged compared to the old; however, no differences were observed between the young and middle-aged (P=0.367-0.620). CONCLUSIONS Of all the variables assessed in this study, RSI exhibited the greatest decline (76%) between the young and old females. Such findings highlight the importance of reactive strength when assessing age-related changes in neuromuscular performance.
SChISM: Semantic Clustering via Image Sequence Merging for Images of Human-Decomposition

In many domains, large image collections are key ways in which information about relevant phenomena is retained and analyzed, yet it remains challenging to use such data in research and practice. Our aim is to investigate this problem in the context of a forensic unlabeled dataset of over 1M human decomposition photos. To make this collection usable by experts, various body parts first need to be identified and traced through their evolution despite their distinct appearances at different stages of decay from "fresh" to "skeletonized". We developed an unsupervised technique for clustering images that builds sequences of similar images representing the evolution of each body part through stages of decomposition. Evaluation of our method on 34,476 human decomposition images shows that our method significantly outperforms the state of the art clustering method in this application.
From Prions to Stress Granules: Defining the Compositional Features of Prion-Like Domains That Promote Different Types of Assemblies

Stress granules are ribonucleoprotein assemblies that form in response to cellular stress. Many of the RNA-binding proteins found in stress granule proteomes contain prion-like domains (PrLDs), which are low-complexity sequences that compositionally resemble yeast prion domains. Mutations in some of these PrLDs have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, and are associated with persistent stress granule accumulation. While both stress granules and prions are macromolecular assemblies, they differ in both their physical properties and complexity. Prion aggregates are highly stable homopolymeric solids, while stress granules are complex dynamic biomolecular condensates driven by multivalent homotypic and heterotypic interactions. Here, we use stress granules and yeast prions as a paradigm to examine how distinct sequence and compositional features of PrLDs contribute to different types of PrLD-containing assemblies.
Demand Shaping Through Bundling and Product Configuration: A Dynamic Multiproduct Inventory-Pricing Model

In today’s digital age with advanced information technology and analytic tools, such as the internet and data mining, many companies use dynamic bundling to influence demand to match up with the op...
Cournot and Renouvier on Scientific Revolutions

Historians of philosophy have hitherto either given scant attention to Cournot and Renouvier’s views on scientific revolution, tried to read Kuhn’s concept of scientific revolution back into their works, or did not fully appreciate the extent to which these philosophers were reflecting on the works of their predecessors as well as on developments in mathematics and the sciences. Cournot’s views on cumulative development through revolution resemble Comte’s more than Kuhn’s, and his notion of progressive theoretical simplicity through revolution recalls Whewell’s philosophy of science. Renouvier, far from regarding a scientific revolution as resulting in a new set of conceptual boxes imposing a conformity of thought on the scientific community, recognized that a new theory proposed during a revolution is open to more than one interpretation.
The Impact of Neonatal Pulse-Oximetry Screening on the use of Tele-Echocardiography in Wisconsin

Background: Tele-echocardiography has been shown to facilitate diagnosis and management of infants with and without critical congenital heart disease (CCHD), including transfer to a tertiary referral center when necessary. In 2014, Wisconsin Senate Bill 523 (SB 523) mandated neonatal pulse oximetry screening to assess for CCHD. The impact of state mandated pulse oximetry screening in Wisconsin is unknown. The aim of this study …
Metastasis of Rectal Adenocarcinoma to the Penis and Scrotum in an Adult.

We present a unique case of a 74-year-old male with rectal adenocarcinoma and subsequent cutaneous metastases to the penis and scrotum. Although penile and scrotal metastases have been described separately in the literature, no report has documented simultaneous metastases to both sites. Here, we describe our patient's clinical course, treatment, and intervention throughout the timeline of his disease. We also discuss the presentation, evaluation, management, and prognosis of cutaneous metastasis to the penis and scrotum.
Timing of Anticoagulation After Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (4696)

Objective: To determine practice trends in prescribing anticoagulation for patients with atrial fibrillation in post stroke patients. Background: Optimal timing of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The risk of recurrent ischemic events is often weighted against that of hemorrhagic transformation, especially in patients with large infarctions and when early treatment is initiated. Despite substantial evidence for the benefit of OAC in reducing stroke recurrence, current nationally recognized practice guidelines do not provide clear recommendations on the timing of OAC (TOAC) after acute AF-related AIS. Design/Methods: We surveyed neurologists on therapeutic approaches to timing of anticoagulation after stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using an online questionnaire. Various ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke scenarios,with various locations, size, and high risk thrombotic complications were presented and survey respondents were asked to provide post stroke timeframe for TOAC. Practice background, specialty and years of experience of respondents were also recorded. Results: Majority of participants favored early initiation of OAC in small infarcts. In larger infarcts, or when ischemia was complicated by hemorrhagic transformation, there was an overall trend to delay any initiation of OAC , irrespective of specialty or years of experience. The overt presence of an additional cardiac embolic source such as cardiac thrombus led to earlier timing decisions regarding initiation of OAC. Conclusions: General practice trends were captured, optimal timing of anticoagulation following acute ischemic stroke in NVAF remains unknown. Further research is warranted to determine optimal timing and anticoagulant selection. Disclosure: Marina Sagalovich has nothing to disclose. Dr. Osteraas has nothing to disclose. Jon J. Glover has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dafer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Eli Lilly. Dr. Dafer has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Eli Lilly. Dr. Dafer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Anderson, Rasor, and partners.
Houses and Households

The Russian colonial building style originated in the wooden architecture of western Russia, which included large, sturdy, and artistically elaborated peasant houses (izby) and farm buildings with notched log corners. The houses had planked roofs and were ornamented with delicately carved wooden facades, gable panels, balconies, and window frames (Opolovnikov and Opolovnikova 1989). A large heating and cooking stove of brick, clay, or tiles and a sacred corner for icons were characteristic interior features. The principle of interlocking corner joints could be applied equally well to the construction of six- and eight-sided buildings, used as watchtowers and corner bastions of defensive wooden palisades. From such towers was derived the classic “tent-roof wooden church, elaborately ornamented and crowned with multiple domes.
Factors contributing to adverse perioperative events in adults with congenital heart disease: a structured analysis of cases from the closed claims project.

Objective Prior investigations have suggested that the rapidly growing population of adults with congenital heart disease is at increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality, but information is limited on the nature of those perioperative factors that may relate to adverse outcomes. We sought to use a national claims database to describe the contribution of perioperative factors to adverse outcomes and compare contributing factors in cardiac vs. noncardiac operations. Design The study is a retrospective in-depth structured analysis of cases from the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project database. Setting We examined the largest national anesthesia malpractice claims database. Patients We included all claims cases involving adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Interventions Patients in this retrospective analysis were classified by type of surgery (cardiac or noncardiac). Outcome Measures Perioperative factors contributing to an adverse event were assessed by an expert panel of cardiac anesthesiologists. Results Of 21 confirmed cases, 11 (52%) involved cardiac procedures and 10 (48%) noncardiac procedures. The most common factors contributing to the adverse event in cardiac cases were surgical technique (73% of cases) and intraoperative anesthetic care (55%), whereas in noncardiac cases, postoperative monitoring/care (50%), CHD (50%) and preoperative assessment or optimization (40%) were most common. The factors contributing to the patient injury differed similarly: in cardiac cases, the most common factors were intraoperative anesthetic care (55%) and surgical technique (45%) compared with postoperative monitoring/care (50%) and CHD (50%) in noncardiac cases. Conclusions Within the limitations of a small number of events in a claims-based database, this study offers advantages of being a national, structured analysis of real cases to provide detailed information on phenomena that are otherwise abstract and hypothesized by expert opinion. These results should help affirm the role of anesthesiologists in acquiring and executing expertise as consultants in perioperative medicine for adults with congenital heart disease patients.
A Novel Membrane Protein Is a Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Receptor

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infects a number of different cell types, including mammary gland and lymphoid cells, in vivo. To identify the cellular receptor for this virus, a mouse cDNA expression library was transfected into Cos-7 monkey kidney cells, and those transfected cells able to bind virus were selected by using antibody against the virus’s cell surface envelope protein, gp52. One clone isolated from a library prepared from newborn thymus RNA, called MTVR, was able to confer virus binding to both monkey and human cells; this binding was blocked by anti-MTVR antibody. Moreover, transfection of MTVR into CV1 cells rendered them susceptible to infection by a murine leukemia virus-based retrovirus vector pseudotyped with the MMTV envelope protein. An epitope-tagged MTVR cofractionated with cellular membranes. Coimmunoprecipitation of the MMTV envelope protein and a MTVR-rabbit Fc fusion protein showed that these two proteins bound to each other. The MTVR sequence clone is unique, shows no homology to known membrane proteins, and is transcribed in many tissues.
Resonance-Resonance Coupling in Dissociative Electron Attachment

The effects of coupling between two adjacent electronic resonance states have been observed in several experiments involving dissociative attachment (DA) of electrons to diatomic molecules. When the potential energy curve of one resonance is attractive (possessing vibrational levels) and that of the other is repulsive, the coupling between the resonances may lead to the appearance of “vibrational” structure superimposed on a broad peak in the DA cross section. Such structure has been seen experimentally in (Inline), НCl3,4, HBr3,5, HF6, CO7, NO8 and some other molecules. When the potential energy curves of both resonances are repulsive, the effects of the coupling are less obvious. Nevertheless, such effects have been observed recently in experiments involving the formation of H– by electron attachment to HBr5.
COSTS AND THE SUPPLY OF GOODS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a link between costs and market supply. Economists employ the opportunity cost concept when figuring a firm's costs. The total cost includes explicit costs and the implicit costs associated with the use of productive resources owned by the firm. Because accounting procedures omit costs, accounting costs understate the opportunity cost of producing a good. As a result of these omissions, the accounting profits of a firm are larger than the firm's economic profits. The demand for a product indicates the intensity of consumers' desire for the item. The cost of producing the item indicates the desire of consumers for other goods that must be foregone as a result of the use of resources that were required to produce the item. In a market economy, the forces—demand and costs of production—balance the desire of consumers for more of a good against the reality of scarce resources, which requires that other goods be foregone as more of any one specific item is supplied. The ability to plan a larger volume of output leads to cost reductions.
A Multiphase Model for Shock-Induced Flow in Low Density Foam

A multiphase mixture model is applied to describe shocked-induced flow in deformable low-density open-cell foam. This model includes interphase drag and heat transfer and all phases are treated as compressible. Volume fraction is represented as an independent kinematic variable and the entropy inequality suggests a thermodynamically-admissible evolutionary equation to describe rate-dependent compaction. This multiphase model has been applied to shock tube experiments conducted by B. W. Skews and colleagues in the study of normal shock impingement on a wall-supported low-density porous layer. Numerical solution of the multiphase flow equations employs a high-resolution adaptive finite-element method which accurately resolves contact surfaces and shock interactions.
Tunable ultrabright source of entangled photons

Summary form only given. We present a novel arrangement, employing two adjacent, relatively thin, nonlinear crystals, which are operated with type-I phase matching. The identically cut crystals (ideally from a single larger crystal) are oriented with their optic axes (OA) aligned in perpendicular planes, e.g., the first (second) crystal's OA and the pump beam define the vertical (horizontal) plane.
Visual Revelations: Life Follows Art: Gaming the Missing Data Algorithm

In 1969, Bowdoin College was path-breaking when it changed its admissions policy to make college admissions tests optional. About one-third of its accepted classes took advantage of this policy and...