cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ambivalence and Lust of Marriage: With and Beyond Augustine Towards a Theology of Marriage as Consecrated Sacrifice

This article argues that the Christian West's indebtedness to contractual logic in regard to marriage, as canonically depicted in 1 Corinthians 7, has resulted in a corresponding theological and pastoral myopia. The weakness of this reliance, as seen paradigmatically in Augustine's theology of marriage, consists in its articulation of marriage's constitution apart from any meaningful reference to the particular dynamics of any given marital common life. ‘Marriage’, in this sense, remains extrinsic to the living of marriage. Augustine doubly solidifies this separation by construing marriage as a contractually negotiated site for the sinful, though forgivable, expression of sexual desire, which he then roots in a christological account of sacrament whereby the sacramental bond of marriage can never be broken regardless of the lived particularities of marital life. A promising corrective can be found by way of a theological retrieval of a minor set of images suggestively employed in passages such as Ephesians 5:21–33 and Revelation 19:7–9 rooted in cultic themes such as sacrifice and consecration, which Augustine employs in describing marriage's preferred ecclesial alternative: the consecration of virginity. The constructive result is a theology of marriage in which every moment of marital life is marked by the ambivalence of vulnerably and ‘deathly’ surrendering to one another, which is pre-eminently embodied in the surrender of Christ himself upon the cross to the one he called Father. This ambivalence is characterised by the dual possibility, inherent in the posture of surrender itself, in which the result can either bear the healing fruits of love and reciprocal embrace or the tragic inhumanity of abuse, rejection and manipulation. Finally, the sacrificial and contractual elements of marriage might be ultimately reconciled in a refigured notion of ‘covenant’, which too often has been understood simply as a synonym for ‘contract’. Instead, a proper covenantal understanding of marriage emerges as a participatory analogy to the entire, complicated and contingent history of God, with God's people marked by seemingly endless cycles of sin, repentance, forgiveness and restoration. Intriguingly, this history was also founded within a temporal space outlined by a mix of contractual elements and cultic regulations. Likewise, the covenantal founding of a marriage mirrors a similar dynamic: the initial ‘contractual’ vows speak into existence a temporalised space within which a daily, mundane life of love might come to pass and bear its fruits, in due time, by God's grace and the daily improvisations of love and sacrifice.
Factors Affecting the Algebra I Achievement of Academically Talented Learners

Understanding student performance in Algebra I is important because this course serves as the gateway to advanced coursework in mathematics and science through the remainder of high school and into post-secondary education. In the current study, we analyzed secondary data to evaluate the relationship between selected indicators of mathematics and the Algebra I performance of academically able and gifted learners who participated in above-level talent search testing. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship among selected variables and students' scores on a standardized measure of Algebra I achievement. Variables included prior mathematics ability, parental education level, whether a student was identified as gifted, participation in afterschool activities, the time spent on homework, and the amount of class time spent on discussions and lectures. Results indicate the strongest relationships were between mathematics reasoning and Algebra I achievement. Although gifted status was a s...
An inverse problem based approach to detection in LPI systems

Most of the wideband low probability of intercept (LPI) signal detectors use energy detection and autocorrelation of the transmitted signal to decide the presence of the signal in an observed band. We propose a method for the detection of such signals using an inverse problem based approach. We compare the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of this detector with those of conventional detectors. Simulation results indicate better performance of the proposed detector over the other LPI detectors. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is feasible and consistent because it can be implemented with modern digital signal processing of linear order computations whereas the conventional detectors are analog types and inconsistent.
Divorce and Stigma

In this paper, I analyze the stigma associated with divorce. Drawing on interviews with 104 divorced women and men, I show how stigma attaches to the conditions surrounding divorce rather than to divorce as a general category. Various processes—including the splitting of friends and the development of accounts—lead at least one party to a divorce to feel blameworthy. Individuals who divorce see themselves as excluded from and devalued in informal social life. Finally, I suggest that the divorced participate in stigmatizing divorce: they themselves devalue others who are divorced and sustain the idea that to be married is to be “normal.” If we understand stigma as referring not simply to the realm of public sanctions but rather see it as emerging out of everyday experience, it is clear that the divorced continue to be stigmatized.
Insights into plant cell wall structure, architecture, and integrity using glycome profiling of native and AFEXTM-pre-treated biomass

Cell walls, which constitute the bulk of plant biomass, vary considerably in their structure, composition, and architecture. Studies on plant cell walls can be conducted on both native and pre-treated plant biomass samples, allowing an enhanced understanding of these structural and compositional variations. Here glycome profiling was employed to determine the relative abundance of matrix polysaccharides in several phylogenetically distinct native and pre-treated plant biomasses. Eight distinct biomass types belonging to four different subgroups (i.e. monocot grasses, woody dicots, herbaceous dicots, and softwoods) were subjected to various regimes of AFEX™ (ammonia fiber expansion) pre-treatment [AFEX is a trademark of MBI, Lansing (http://www.mbi.org]. This approach allowed detailed analysis of close to 200 cell wall glycan epitopes and their relative extractability using a high-throughput platform. In general, irrespective of the phylogenetic origin, AFEX™ pre-treatment appeared to cause loosening and improved accessibility of various xylan epitope subclasses in most plant biomass materials studied. For most biomass types analysed, such loosening was also evident for other major non-cellulosic components including subclasses of pectin and xyloglucan epitopes. The studies also demonstrate that AFEX™ pre-treatment significantly reduced cell wall recalcitrance among diverse phylogenies (except softwoods) by inducing structural modifications to polysaccharides that were not detectable by conventional gross composition analyses. It was found that monitoring changes in cell wall glycan compositions and their relative extractability for untreated and pre-treated plant biomass can provide an improved understanding of variations in structure and composition of plant cell walls and delineate the role(s) of matrix polysaccharides in cell wall recalcitrance.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linneaus, 1758) male fertilization potency with secure number of spermatozoa per ova

Summary The objective of this study with common carp spermatozoa was to understand the fertilization potency of different males when different sperm quantities were applied per ova of a single female. The sperm of five males representing very good sperm motility and the ova from one female exhibiting the best apparent quality were used. The sperm of each male was collected at volumes of 5 (1000 spermatozoa), 10 (5000 spermatozoa), 20 (10 000 spermatozoa), 40 (20 000 spermatoza) and 400 μl (200 000 spermatozoa) and pre-diluted with 995, 990, 980, 960 and 600 μl of Kurokura solution, respectively. Thereafter, 4000 eggs and pre-diluted spermatozoa from each male, one by one, were simultaneously added to 1000, 5000, 10 000, 20 000 and 200 000 spermatozoa and activated with hatchery water. Initial sperm motility was in the range of 89.5–97.2% at 15 s, decreasing to 19.1–30.2% at 60 s post-activation. At all times of evaluated post-activation, the sperm motility did not differ significantly among the males. Sperm velocity decreased from 126.1 to 161.2 μm s−1 at 15 s to 11.9–35.2 μm s−1 at 60 s post-activation. Sperm velocity was significantly different among males at 15 s post-activation. Fertilization and hatching rates were similar in all males at a higher examined number of spermatozoa per ova (20 000 and 200 000). Similar fertilization and hatching rates were observed in four out of five males at 10 000 spermatozoa per ova. Lower spermatozoa per ova (5000) induced very different results, from 48 to 82% for fertilization rates and from 42 to 72% for hatching rates. At 1000 spermatozoa per ova a very high variability was observed: 10–50% for fertilization rates and 8–43% for hatching rates. These results did not correspond to sperm velocity among males. The 20 000 spermatozoa density was considered as providing a secure number of spermatozoa for reaching good fertilization in common carp. To avoid loss of genetic variability for future generations this recommendation is important to know for the management of hatcheries where these broodstocks will be generated.
Die Dynamik der Unterordnung

Im Dezember 1964 veranstalteten eintausend Studenten der Universitat von Kalifornien in Berkeley eine Sit-in-Demonstration im Hauptverwaltungsgebaude. Am nachsten Tag muste die Polizei auf Befehl der Gouverneurs des Staates die Demonstranten gewaltsam entfernen und verhaften. Vergeltungsmasnahmen der Studentenschaft liesen nicht auf sich warten. Ein von ihr ausgerufener totaler Streik brachte die gesamte akademische Tatigkeit der Universitat zum Erliegen.
Sustainable Management Tactics for Control of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Canola in Montana

The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has recently emerged as a serious pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Montana. The adult beetles feed on canola leaves, causing many small holes that stunt growth and reduce yield. In 2013, damage to canola seedlings was high (≈80%) in many parts of Montana, evidence that when flea beetles emerge in large numbers, they can quickly destroy a young canola crop. In the current study, the effectiveness of several biopesticides was evaluated and compared with two insecticides (deltamethrin and bifenthrin) commonly used as foliar sprays as well as seed treatment with an imidacloprid insecticide for the control of P. cruciferae under field conditions in 2013. The biopesticides used included an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae), two entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), neem, and petroleum spray oils. The control agents were delivered in combination or alone in a single or repeated applications at different times. The plant-derived compound neem (azadirachtin), petroleum spray oil, and fatty acids (M-Pede) only showed moderate effect, although they significantly reduced leaf injuries caused by P. cruciferae and resulted in higher canola yield than the untreated control. Combined use of B. bassiana and M. brunneum in two repeated applications and bifenthrin in five applications were most effective in reducing feeding injuries and improving yield levels at both trial locations. This indicates that entomopathogenic fungi are effective against P. cruciferae, and may serve as alternatives to conventional insecticides or seed treatments in managing this pest.
The revision theory of resurrection

A powerful argument against the resurrection of the body is based on the premise that all resurrection theories violate natural laws. We counter this argument by developing a fully naturalistic resurrection theory. We refer to it as the revision theory of resurrection (RTR). Since Hick's replica theory is already highly naturalistic, we use Hick's theory as the basis for the RTR. According to Hick, resurrection is the recreation of an earthly body in another universe. The recreation is a resurrection counterpart. We show that the New Testament supports the idea of resurrection counterparts. The RTR asserts that you are a node in a branching tree of increasingly perfect resurrection counterparts. These ever better counterparts live in increasingly perfect resurrection universes. We give both theological arguments and an empirical argument for the RTR.
Future Studies of Low-Activity PON1 Phenotype Subjects May Reveal How PON1 Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease

The article by Jarvik et al,1 appearing in this issue, illustrates the pros and cons of using a large panel of SNPs for probing deeper into the association between serum paraoxonase (PON1) and vascular disease. The obvious advantages of using such a series of convenient genetic markers are somewhat compromised in this instance by the presence of several, long-ago established recombination sites within the human PON1 genetic sequence. Appreciable linkage disequilibrium (LD) exists within conserved segments for short stretches of the PON1 gene, so that representative residues from several of these contiguous segments constitute distinctive haplotypes. However, Jarvik et al1 have found that none of these genetic markers show any high degree of association with cardiovascular disease. The authors conclude that finding a reduced level of serum PON1 enzymatic activity still seems to be the best indicator of some important relationship between the serum PON1 enzyme and cardiovascular disease. See page 1465 Analytical techniques that identify meaningful associations between particular enzymes and a complex, multifactorial disease such as cardiovascular disease should be very useful. The article by Jarvik et al1 used 60 selected SNPs, representing nucleotides of the PON1 gene distributed from the 5′-regulatory region to the 3′-untranslated region, covering a span of ≈26 kb. The SNPs selected include representatives from several regions of high internal LD. However, the above-mentioned recombination sites within the overall sequence meant that the resulting haplotypes are less informative than would be expected. It was …
Conceptual Development of Quiet Turbofan Engines for Supersonic Aircraft

This is a joint thermodynamic and acoustic study of engines for next-generation supersonic aircraft. It explores e xed-cycleconceptswith potentialforquiettakeoffand efe cientcruise.Thee owpath issimple, withoutmechanical suppressors.Thestrategyistotakearepresentativestate-of-the-artmilitaryturbofanengineandincreaseitsbypass ratio to a moderate value. The engine core stays the same. Three exhaust cone gurations are considered: mixed e ow,coaxialseparatee ow,andeccentricseparatee ow.Engine-cycleanalysispredictsthermodynamicperformance and nozzle exhaust conditions at takeoff and Mach 1.6 cruise. Subscale experiments duplicate the static exhaust conditionsattakeoff powerand measurethefar-e eld sound.Flyoverperceived noiselevelsareestimated fora twinengineaircraftin the120,000-lb class.In termsofeffectiveperceivednoiselevel (EPNL),theeccentricarrangement is 6.5 dB quieter than the mixed-e ow arrangement and 5 dB quieter than the coaxial cone guration. Spectral- and time-domainanalysesindicatethattheeccentricexhaustisfreeofstrongMachwaveradiation.Theacousticbenee t of the eccentric arrangement, combined with faster climb afforded by the modie ed engine, leads to a reduction of 14 dB in EPNL. Compared to the baseline engine, the specie c fuel consumption of the modie ed engine is about 13% less at subsonic climb and 3% less at supersonic cruise.
Antibody targeting of anaplastic lymphoma kinase induces cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase aberrantly expressed in neuroblastoma, a devastating pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system. Germline and somatically acquired ALK aberrations induce increased autophosphorylation, constitutive ALK activation and increased downstream signaling. Thus, ALK is a tractable therapeutic target in neuroblastoma, likely to be susceptible to both small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and therapeutic antibodies-as has been shown for other receptor tyrosine kinases in malignancies such as breast and lung cancer. Small-molecule inhibitors of ALK are currently being studied in the clinic, but common ALK mutations in neuroblastoma appear to show de novo insensitivity, arguing that complementary therapeutic approaches must be developed. We therefore hypothesized that antibody targeting of ALK may be a relevant strategy for the majority of neuroblastoma patients likely to have ALK-positive tumors. We show here that an antagonistic ALK antibody inhibits cell growth and induces in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines. Cytotoxicity was induced in cell lines harboring either wild type or mutated forms of ALK. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with the dual Met/ALK inhibitor crizotinib sensitized cells to antibody-induced growth inhibition by promoting cell surface accumulation of ALK and thus increasing the accessibility of antigen for antibody binding. These data support the concept of ALK-targeted immunotherapy as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for neuroblastomas with mutated or wild-type ALK.
Will Competitive Bidding Decrease Medicare Prices

Recent measures to reduce Medicare spending include the use of competitive bidding in determining reimbursement prices. Several competitive bidding experiments have been conducted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to determine reimbursement prices. This paper investigates the use of competitive bidding to set reimbursement prices for durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies. First, the competitive bidding process is examined on a theoretical level. It is shown that the CMS competitive bidding process (auction) is inefficient, leads to price increases, and may cause decreases in the quality of services. Next, data supporting the theoretical predictions are presented. Finally, we suggest that a descending variant of the Ausubel, Cramton, and Milgrom (2006) clock-proxy auction be used.
Intracellular pH in rat brain in vivo and in brain slices.

Intracellular pH can be measured quantitatively in rat brain in vivo and in vitro using spectrophotometric detection of the vital dye neutral red. This method preserves spatial information and is compatible with microhistochemistry. The intracellular pH indicated by this method is in close agreement with that indicated by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. During ischemia, intracellular acidification is correlated with tissue lactate accumulation. The spatial distribution of pH values becomes more heterogeneous as the tissue becomes more acidic. Resuscitation from total cerebral ischemia produced by cardiac arrest results in rapid intracellular realkalinization. This realkalinization is at least partially inhibited by amiloride pretreatment. Some neuronal populations, especially in the hippocampal CA1 and CA4 regions, may become more acidic during ischemia and realkalinize more slowly after reperfusion than other tissue regions. The intracellular pH of hippocampal brain slice preparations is more alkaline than expecte...
Conférence François-Albert Angers (1999). Enchères : théorie économique et réalité

Cet article presente une synthese de travaux relatifs aux modeles empiriques de la theorie des jeux. Les principaux sujets abordes sont : modeles structurels, identification, solutions d’equilibre, resolution par simulation de Monte-Carlo, estimation et applications.
Early adolescent health risk behaviors, conflict resolution strategies, and school climate

Abstract Drawing upon an ethnically and socio-economically diverse sample of 323 7th grade students from twelve urban schools within one school district, this mixed method study examined early adolescents' self-reported health risk behaviors as related to their conflict resolution strategies and their school's conflict resolution climate. Survey data suggested that early adolescents who reported using more cooperative and fewer aggressive conflict resolution strategies also reported to engage in fewer personal health risk behaviors. Reported engagement in fewer behavioral risks also was associated with attending schools with more supportive “conflict resolution climates.” Serial small group interviews in selected schools indicated that conflict resolution climate quality was associated with how well teachers were perceived to respond to students' conflicts and how they managed teacher–student conflicts. In addition, many students in less supportive climates exhibited cynical attitudes regarding the viability of the conflict resolution strategies promoted by schools and prevention programs.
Historical changes in the abundance and distribution of ovigerous red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Bristol Bay (Alaska), and potential relationship with bottom temperature

Distribution and abundance of ovigerous female red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the southeast Bering Sea from 1975 to 2001 were investigated using data collected during National Marine Fisheries Service annual trawl surveys. Peak abundance of � 140 million crabs was observed in 1978, and declined rapidly to a low of just over 6 million in 1986. Abundance fluctuated from � 6 to 22 million from the late 1980s through 2001, with a single strong recruitment event that resulted in � 35 million ovigerous females observed in 1998. Changes in abundance were accompanied by changes in distribution. During the late 1970s the population was typified by high abundance to the southwest, along the northern shore of Unimak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. By the mid1980s the population’s average center of abundance shifted substantially to the northeast and was found in central Bristol Bay. The distribution remained similar throughout the 1990s. Changes in distribution during the late 1970s and early 1980s coincided with changes in early summer near-bottom temperature. The 1970s were typified by a pool of very cold water (<1� C) within central Bristol Bay. This retreated in � 1978, and was not observed in consecutive summers during the remainder of the time series. The northeastward shift in the population, measured as the distance between Unimak Pass and the average center of abundance, showed a negative correlation with the geographic extent the cold-pool. Abundance calculated for smaller spatial strata indicate that changes in distribution were not simply the result of relative abundance phenomena or solely generated by mortality in southwestern Bristol Bay, but also reflected regional increases in absolute abundance. Total broodstock abundance declined after 1978, but abundance in the western and northern areas of the region increased until at least 1982. The fact that distribution patterns change over time may have implications for population dynamics and fishery management. Changes in spatial population structure may affect recruitment patterns via changes in larval dynamics, and management might benefit if the causes of geographic displacement can be identified and predicted.
Pluggable reputation systems for peer review: A web-service approach

Peer review has long been used in education to provide students more timely feedback and allow them to learn from each other's work. In large courses and MOOCs, there is also interest in having students determine, or help determine, their classmates' grades. This requires a way to tell which peer reviewers' scores are credible. This can be done by comparing scores assigned by different reviewers with each other, and with scores that the instructor would have assigned. For this reason, several reputation systems have been designed; but until now, they have not been compared with each other, so we have no information about which performs best. To make the reputation algorithms pluggable for different peer-review system, we are carrying out a project to develop a reputation web service. This paper compares two reputation algorithms, each of which has two versions, and reports on our efforts to make them “pluggable,” so they can easily be adopted by different peer-review systems. Toward this end, we have defined a Peer-Review Markup Language (PRML), which is a generic schema for data sharing among different peer-review systems.
Hermann Muller on Measuring Mutation Rates

![Figure][1] > The task of actually counting mutations […] to compare their frequencies of occurrence [...] would have seemed almost like that of counting needles in haystacks, to compare their frequencies, or like making graphs to show the rates of occurrence of gold pieces on streets of
Wave-number Independent Preconditioning for GMRES Time-spectral Solvers

The time-spectral method applied to the Euler equations theoretically offers significant computational savings for purely periodic problems when compared to standard time-implicit methods. However, attaining superior efficiency with time-spectral methods over traditional time-implicit methods hinges on the ability rapidly to solve the large non-linear system resulting from time-spectral discretizations which become larger and stiffer as more time instances are employed. In order to increase the efficiency of these solvers, and to improve robustness, particularly for large numbers of time instances, the Generalized Minimal Residual Method (GMRES) is used to solve the implicit linear system over all coupled time instances. The use of GMRES as the linear solver makes the time-spectral methods more robust, allows them to be applied to a far greater subset of time-accurate problems, including those with a broad range of harmonic content, and vastly improves the efficiency of time-spectral methods. However, it has been shown in previous work that when the number of time instances and/or the reduced frequency of motion increases (i.e. the maximum resolvable wave-number increases), the convergence degrades rapidly, requiring many more total preconditioning iterations to reach a converged solution. To alleviate this convergence degradation, this work formulates a wave-number independent preconditioner by inverting the spatial-temporal diagonal blocks in the preconditioner instead of the spatial diagonal blocks individually, as has been done previously. The solver utilizing this wave-number independent preconditioner is shown to be more efficient than past solvers under all conditions, but especially for high reduced frequencies and large number of time instances, i.e. conditions with high maximum wave numbers.
Optimization of Combined Clean Fractionation and Hydrothermal Treatment of Prairie Cord Grass

A clean sequential process including clean fractionation and hydrothermal post-treatment was developed to fractionate and pretreat prairie cord grass (PCG) prior to ethanol fermentation. An optimized clean fractionation was applied to extract lignin; then, the remaining material was subjected to a hydrothermal treatment process to enhance cellulose digestibility. The main purpose of the hydrothermal post-treatment was to improve digestibility of delignified cellulose and reduce harshness of the clean fractionation process. Optimization was performed for solvent compositions as well as time and temperatures applied to each sequential process. The glucose yield was 89% from enzymatic hydrolysis and 92% from combined fractionation and hydrothermal treatments of PCG.
Effects of year-round stocking rate and stocking method systems on cow-calf production in the gulf coast region of the United States: Costs, returns, and labor considerations1

ABSTRACT The present research examines the effect of stocking method, i.e., continuous and rotational, and set (fixed) stocking rate on labor requirements, costs, and profits in cow-calf beef production. Two replicates of 4 adjacent pastures each, containing a mixed warm-season, perennial grass sod [common bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir.], were overseeded to ‘Marshall’ annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (Lam.)] in the autumn of 2 consecutive years. Within each replicate of 4 pastures, one of the following grazing treatments was randomly assigned each pasture: rotationally stocked (8 paddocks) at a low, medium, or high stocking rate (RL, RM, and RH) and continuously stocked at a moderate stocking rate (CM). Labor activities, expenditures, sales, and equipment usages were recorded throughout the study. On a per-cow basis, total labor usage declined (P 0.90) and would not justify the additional labor associated with rotational grazing management.
Obsessiveness and Viscosity

There has been a long and controversial history concerning the relationship between epilepsy, and specific epilepsy syndromes, and the presence and characteristics of diverse personality and behavioral changes. Here we focus on several distinct traits that have been included in this area of research including obsessiveness, viscosity, hypergraphia, and verbosity. Aspects of this interesting history are reviewed, the development and elaboration of theories concerning these personality and behavioral traits and epilepsy are discussed, and segments of the empirical research that has been conducted in the field are examined. The presence, rate, and correlates of these target behaviors (e.g., hypergraphia, viscosity) vary as a function of important details of the research methodology (e.g., mode of assessment, operational definition of behavior). The clinical significance and underlying neurobiology of these characteristics remain to be determined.
Buprenorphine alone or in combination with naloxone reduced the use of and craving for opiates in opiate addiction.

Source Citation Fudala PJ, Bridge TP, Herbert S, et al. Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:949-58....
The earthquake sequence of November 1964 near Corralitos, California

A sequence of more than 100 aftershocks with magnitudes as low as −0.1 was recorded following a magnitude 5.0 earthquake on November 16, 1964, in the San Andreas fault zone of central California. The sequence was monitored in detail by three temporary seismographic stations at distances less than 15 km and the surrounding telemetry array. Nearly all of the 35 earthquakes which could be located clustered in a focal region about 4 km in diameter at a depth near 12 km and exhibited uniform first motion radiation patterns. First motion fault plane solutions are consistent with the right lateral transcurrent motion characteristic of the San Andreas fault. Exceptions to this uniform radiation pattern in the concentrated focal region occurred near the times of two large aftershocks apparently on another fault about 5 km away.
Community and World Order

As World War II drew to a close, we who considered ourselves men and women of goodwill and good sense, responsibly concerned about the future of humanity, thought that we were in substantial agreement about the kind of world that we needed and wanted to create and maintain. In negative terms, it was to be a non-Hitlerian world, one that would not be periodically subjected to the destructiveness of war, and one that would be cleansed of tyranny and imperialism. In positive terms, it was to be a world of peace and security, marked by respect for the principle of national self-determination and for basic human rights, a world moving in orderly fashion to the achievement of social justice and economic welfare for all. The goal was clear. Our leaders stated it well in the Preamble and Article 1 of the Charter of the United Nations, which we accepted as the manifesto of right-thinking people everywhere. We understood that the War had been fought to prevent the establishment of the wrong kind of world order; we believed that the United Nations was being created to promote the establishment of the right kind of world order. We were accomplishing the dethronement of Hitler and, belatedly, the enthronement of Wilson. We recognized that many uncertainties and difficulties lay ahead, but we had our ideal clearly and firmly in mind. We knew the nature of the achievement that was essential to our future.
Feedforward based transient control in solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract In SOFCs, transient control of fuel utilization is achievable via input-shaping. In this paper, the approach is generalized to a feedforward control problem for second-order LTI systems with two inputs and one output. One is a measurable, time-varying, exogenous input and the other is a control input. The problem studied is exact tracking of a constant reference using the plant's DC gain vector. The problem considers plant models that can be divided into known and unknown parts, and where feedback is unavailable. Although SOFCs have nonlinear dynamics, the linear abstraction nevertheless helps predict the observed effectiveness of input-shaping.
The Wartime Origins of Civil-­Military Relations in Insurgent-­Ruled Africa: Evidence from Zimbabwe and Côte D’Ivoire

Whereas some “rebel victories” in civil war are followed by the consolidation of well-organized military structures with a clear chain of command between civilian political rulers and the state’s new armed forces, in other cases government control over former rebel military forces remains weak. Why do insurgent victories sometimes produce states with strong civilian regime control over former insurgent military forces, and sometimes do not? Using Zimbabwe and Cote d'Ivoire as theory-building cases, this paper proposes an organizational/institutional explanation highlighting the importance of organization-building processes by insurgent movements during armed conflict that in turn shape patterns of civilian-military interactions in the post-war period. In particular, when political and military elites exercise collective decision-making during armed conflict, and when political leaders monopolize members' access to material resources, civilian rulers will be well-positioned to consolidate robust authority vis-a-vis their military forces.
“Devilish Smartphones” and the “Stone-Cold” Internet: Implications of the Technology Addiction Trope in College Student Digital Literacy Narratives

Abstract Responding to danah boyd's 2014 study, It's Complicated , this article uses evidence from a sampling of 75 digital literacy narratives, produced within first-year composition courses, to show that college students often describe their embodied and virtual social experiences in bifurcated terms. Through analyzing a sample of digital literacy narratives using a corpus tool (VoyantTools), I captured word frequency and collocations to conclude that a significant percentage of undergraduate students in my sample largely differentiate their virtual and embodied activities in spite of the fact that ample evidence suggests that students move fluidly between online and offline spaces for both their school and social lives ( Gee, 2003 , Vie, 2008 , Buck, 2012 ). This article works through four case studies from this corpus to explore how the perceived differences between virtual and embodied interactions get described. Through the trope of digital “addiction,” virtual interactions become pathologized and problematically create a bifurcated perception that does not reflect what we know about how twenty-first century writers work ( Hawisher & Selfe, 2000 ). To demonstrate to students the complexity of digital literacy practices, this article concludes with a call to encourage instructors to model the fluidity of virtual and embodied interactions to undergraduate writing students. “Smart phones are making my housemates and me become anti-social. We may be sociable in virtual social network, but virtual is virtual, and it's difficult to correlate with real life… Staring at my cell phone will estrange my friends from me. At the end, I just want to tell my dear friends, when spending time with people you care about, please put your smartphone away.” - Excerpt from “Grace's” student digital literacy narrative, “Stop Phubbing”
Mechanisms of PACAP in PTSD and Stress-Related Disorders in Humans

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide, a neuronal signaling molecule that affects many distinct phenotypic traits. Despite the diversity in PACAP’s functioning, by examining PACAP in the typical stress response, we can identify when PACAP levels and signaling become dysregulated. These findings can serve as clues to help identify the mechanisms of psychiatric and clinical disorders. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that PACAP itself may represent a novel treatment target for a variety of disorders. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of PACAP in the stress response, and review evidence that PACAP levels, signaling, genetic and epigenetic variations may be important mechanisms underlying human illnesses. Posttraumatic stress disorder and other stress-related medical conditions including migraines, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, and asthma are discussed.
Aortic Valve Calcification and Risk of Stroke: The Rotterdam Study

Background and Purpose— It remains uncertain whether aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a risk factor for stroke. Methods— From the population-based Rotterdam Study, 2471 participants (mean age: 69.6 years; 51.8% women) underwent computed tomography to quantify AVC. We assessed prevalent stroke and continuously monitored the remaining participants for the incidence of stroke. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to investigate associations of AVC with prevalent stroke and risk of incident stroke. Results— AVC was present in 33.1% of people. At baseline, 97 participants had ever suffered a stroke. During 18 665 person-years of follow-up (mean: 7.9 years), 135 people experienced a first-ever stroke. The presence of AVC was not associated with prevalent stroke (fully adjusted odds ratio: 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.53]) or with an increased risk of stroke (fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.44]). Conclusions— Although AVC is a common finding in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling people, our results suggest that AVC is not associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Lying, a way of knowledge in Umberto Eco’s Numero zero

In Numero zero the main theme is lying. It is utilized as a sort of normative account of its epistemic implication foregrounding lying's problematization. Here Eco addresses the very duality of lyi...
Outlier in Analysis of Cancer Mortality by US County—Reply

Our study on trends and patterns of cancer mortality among US counties highlighted substantial variation in cancer mortality rates among counties in the United States. Although we did not directly consider the drivers of this variation, there are likely many different factors at play. Dr Hall and colleagues describe an important driving force behind the exceptionally high cancer mortality rates observed in Union County, Florida: the presence of a state prison complex containing a medical hospital and cancer treatment center that serves inmates from all of Florida. This hospital draws a large number of cancer patients—who are at much higher risk of dying of cancer compared with individuals with no cancer diagnosis—to Union County, increasing the observed mortality rate.
A new approach to facilely synthesize crystalline Co2(OH)3Cl microstructures in an eggshell reactor system

Sophisticated biological systems developed over millions of years of evolution can be rich sources of inspiration for engineers and scientists. There is increasing interest in the synthesis and applications of metallic hydroxy salts, for example Co2(OH)3Cl. It is not an easy task to prepare phase-pure structured Co2(OH)3Cl by direct mixing aqueous solutions of CoCl2 salts and NaOH in a flask. We demonstrate that crystalline Co2(OH)3Cl microparticles with unique morphology can be synthesized in eggshell reactor systems. The eggshell reactor system can provide the unique reaction environment for the formation of crystalline Co2(OH)3Cl microparticles with relatively well-defined shapes. Time-course experiments and intensive characterization helped us to propose a plausible formation mechanism. Our preliminary results suggest that the microscale Co2(OH)3Cl particles synthesized from the eggshell reactor system can be used for lithium-ion batteries, although its performance may still need to be further optimized and improved. In another attempt, we transformed the as-prepared Co2(OH)3Cl microparticle precursor into high-order structured Co3O4 microparticles preserving the same microscale morphology but with small Co3O4 nanoparticles as the basic building units. The as-prepared high-order structured Co3O4 microparticles demonstrate reasonably good electrochemical performance with a capacity of 900 mA h g−1 in reversible lithium ion storage.
3D SU-8 structures assembled via micro-Lego

Deterministic multi-layer micro-scale assembly of SU-8 polymer objects as well as the cohesively joined SU-8 interface strength have been investigated. The process of SU-8 photoresist (PR) into retrievable individual micro-scale objects format called “ink” is reviewed and the construction of three-dimensional (3D) unique micro-structures via micro-Lego, which refers to the transfer printing of the ink onto a target site in conjunction with permanent joining has been demonstrated. Owing to the additive 3D manufacturing nature of the micro-Lego, the demonstrative micro-scale architectures are unattainable through other means of micro-manufacturing including photolithography. The mechanical integrity of the SU-8 and SU-8 interface formed by micro-Lego is inspected by probing SU-8 cantilever specimens using a nanoindenter and the results are examined by finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis reveals that the joining strength is ∼ 0.988 J/m2, which is similar with wafer scale silicon (Si) bonding strength.
Patterns of Faunal Utilization and Sociopolitical Organization at the Mississippian Period Kincaid Mounds Site

Archaeologists have debated the degree of complexity at Mississippian period polities with some arguing that they were highly stratified and centralized and others arguing that they were politicall...
Image Pre-Compensation for Visually Impaired Computer Users with Variable Pupil Size

Visual perception is one of the most important processes involved in human–computer interaction. However, many users with visual impairments may suffer from various visual aberrations which hamper their perception of the images displayed on the computer screen. To facilitate the interaction of these users with computers, the pre-compensation of computer images according to their particular visual aberration has been proposed. The pre-compensation process used is based on a priori knowledge of the visual aberration of the user’s eye, which can be measured by a wavefront analyzer. Unfortunately, the visual aberration is measured for a specific pupil size. If the pupil size changes, the visual aberration is modified and, therefore, the pre-compensation model should also be modified, otherwise the efficiency of the pre-compensation method will be deteriorated. This paper presents a pre-compensation method that uses an algorithm to adapt the wavefront aberration function to a new pupil size if the wavefront aberration for a larger pupil size is known. Applying this algorithm, it is possible to keep the pupil size assumed for image pre-compensation matched to the effective pupil size of the user’s eye during viewing. Preliminary tests are implemented with aberration data of a human eye through simulation. The results demonstrate that the image perceived after pre-compensation adjustment is better than the one without adjustment, verifying the capability of the resizing algorithm to adjust the pre-compensation model.
Two Resource Room Models for Serving Learning and Behavior Disordered Pupils

This study describes and compares the variety and magnitude of the assessment, programming, and instructional services provided by single component and two component resource room delivery models. A rationale for a non-statistical approach to the assessment of program efficacy is presented and utilized. The results obtained indicate that the two component (direct and indirect service) resource room model sucessfully serves a greater number of pupils than the direct services only model. However, the two component model achieved fewer successful program completions in the direct services component than did the single component model. Overall, the results indicate that the resource program models utilized in this study are effective and efficient means for the delivery of services to pupils characterized as learning and/or behaviorally disordered. The results also suggest that many learning and/or behaviorally disordered pupils now served in self-contained special class settings could be effectively served i...
Stress and HPA Axis Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory loss is the most prominent clinical aspect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but, as recent clinical evidence has been revealed, intervening when memory difficulties are already apparent does little to alter the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Therefore, risk factors that accelerate the development of AD have recently received tremendous interest. Among those risk factors, interrogation of stress hormones/glucocorticoids have been particularly impactful because stress is an inherent aspect of life and unavoidable. Heightened indices of stress in mid-life predict greater risk for AD in late-life, stress hormone dysregulation in the aged increases AD vulnerability and higher levels of circulating glucocorticoid in AD patients correlates with faster cognitive decline. However, despite this evidence, the precise mechanism linking glucocorticoids and stress hormone to AD remain elusive.
Health Disparities in Public Health

Can and will a person become an organ donor? Before such an altruistic act occurs, there is the ethic behind the action. There is an internalization of an ethic that the person agrees or disagrees with organ donation, no matter the variant. There is a large sense of agency and responsibility over the integrity of one’s body. The public does care what the “network” thinks about our personally held norms of living donation and sanctity of the body. I present the position that understanding of the norms of living organ donation requires an examination of the personal social “network” surrounding the potential donor. Networks rely on connection which may lead to deliberate consensus building (or a reason to conform in order to limit disharmony). There will be some level of network-level engagement with others in this process (for better or for worse). Also, a symptom of personal framing of experience may affect the public’s proclivity to donate organs in insufficient numbers to satisfy the overwhelming need for life-sustaining kidneys. “Strength in numbers” hurts—according to scope-severity paradox and its close kin, scope insensitivity. There appears to be less of an incentive to upset rational choice and side with emotion if enlarging health awareness is required to turn the tide of disease. But I argue that this emotive will more likely activate a collective empathy if an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient that needs a kidney is personally known to us.