cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between insecure attachment and subjective health outcomes

Abstract This study investigated the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between adult insecure attachment and subjective ill health. A sample of 343 Australian adults, aged between 18 and 77 years, completed measures of attachment, emotional intelligence and four facets of subjective health: somatic, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. Structural equation modelling showed that both anxious insecure attachment and avoidant insecure attachment were associated with lower emotional intelligence, which in turn was related to poorer subjective health outcomes. Emotional intelligence partially mediated the relationship between anxious insecurity and health outcomes. However, emotional intelligence fully mediated the relationship between avoidant insecurity and health outcomes. Results support a model in which insecure attachment is associated with deficits in emotional intelligence, which in turn is related to poorer health outcomes. We explore different mechanisms through which the two types of insecure attachment may impact on health.
Epidemiological characteristics of impaired glucose regulation and risk factors among residents from national disease surveillance points in Jilin province

Objective To analyze the prevalence rate of impaired glucose regulation(IGR) and risk factors with trends among residents from National Disease Surveillance Points System(DSPs),and provide evidence for prevention diseases and intervention measures.Methods Based on the data from of Jilin province in the surveillance of Chinese non-communicable and chronic diseases(2010),impaired glucose regulation and its risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression,IGR was defined by the criteria of WHO in 1999.Results 2 993 residents were selected and investigated,the general prevalence rate of IGR was 4.64%(139/2 993),impaired fasting glucose(IFG) was 2.47% and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) was 1.10%.The risk factors of IGR were age(OR=1.30,95% CI=1.11-1.52),BMI(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.05-1.69),excessive intake of meat(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.09-2.30),urban and rural areas(OR=0.36,95%CI=0.24-0.53),the population with sedentary behavior was also related to IGR.Conclusion The elderly,sedentary activity of occupation,overweight/obesity and history of heredity are the primary monitoring target population.
Generalized quasi-variational principles in geometric nonlinear non-conservative elasticity

The generalized variational principles of nonlinear non-conservative elasticity are applied not only to FEM and other approximate calculating methods widely,but also to the accurate solution of nonlinear non-conservative elasticity conveniently.According to the corresponding relations between generalized forces and generalized displacements,the basic equations of geometric nonlinear non-conservative elasticity were multiplied by corresponding virtual quantities,integrated and then added algebraically.In view of the character of accompanying body and surface forces,the generalized quasi-variational principles with three kinds of variables have been established in geometric nonlinear non-conservative elasticity.Furthermore,we have obtained the generalized quasi-variational principles with two kinds of variables and classical quasi-variational principles by degenerating the generalized quasi-variational principles with three kinds of variables.
Analysis of serological detection results of rubella in Qingyuan from 2006 to 2011

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristic and law of rubella in Qingyuan during 2006 to 2011,and provide scientific basis for rubella control and prevention.Methods:Rubella specific IgM were analyzed by ELISA in all suspected cases during 2006 to 2011.The results were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software.Results:From 2006 to 2011,five hundred and forty-nine suspected cases were detected.The rubella positive rate was 20.95%.Patients were between 1 and 40 years old,the incidence was higher between 10 and 20 years old.A morbidity peak was from March to June,there were no significant differences between male and female.Conclusion:People between 10 and 20 years old are the high risk group of rubella disease.Spring is the high incidence period of rubella.It is necessary to take measures to reduce the risk of rubella in susceptible people.
Sexual function assessment in the male: physiological and self-report measures

Sexual arousal in the male involves a complex interaction of physiological and subjective processes. In recent years, a number of physiological and self-report methods have been described for assessing sexual function in healthy and dysfunctional males. Physiological methods include the Rigiscan, volumetric and circumferential plethysmography, and the erectiometer. Despite their widespread use, each of these approaches has significant limitations in assessing male sexual function. Recent self-report measures include the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BMSFI), and Center for Marital and Sexual Health Questionnaire (CMSH-SFQ). A structured interview for sexual function assessment has also been described (Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning--DISF-SR), in addition to daily diary and event log methods. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches are reviewed.
Firefighter exercise protocols conducted in an environmental chamber: developing a laboratory-based simulated firefighting protocol

A standard exercise protocol that allows comparisons across various ergonomic studies would be of great value for researchers investigating the physical and physiological strains of firefighting and possible interventions for reducing the demands. We compared the pattern of cardiorespiratory changes from 21 firefighters during simulated firefighting activities using a newly developed firefighting activity station (FAS) and treadmill walking both performed within an identical laboratory setting. Data on cardiorespiratory parameters and core temperature were collected continuously using a portable metabolic unit and a wireless ingestible temperature probe. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated distinct patterns of change in cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate between conditions. The pattern consisted of alternating periods of peaks and nadirs in the FAS that were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to live fire activities, whereas the same parameters increased logarithmically in the treadmill condition. Core temperature increased in a similarly for both conditions, although more rapidly in the FAS. Practitioner Summary: The firefighting activity station (FAS) yields a pattern of cardiorespiratory responses qualitatively and quantitatively similar to live fire activities, significantly different than treadmill walking. The FAS can be performed in a laboratory/clinic, providing a potentially standardised protocol for testing interventions to improve health and safety and conducting return to duty decisions.
Penile Deformity Assessment

Peyronie’s disease is associated with not only curvature but also various other deformities such as indentations, tapering, and hourglass deformity. It is important to obtain a properly performed deformity assessment in order to establish an accurate baseline measurement prior to any treatment and to monitor changes after intervention, whether it be medical or surgical.
Materials/Design Considerations for MCMs

Multichip module (MCM) technology is a key driver for today’s advanced electronic packaging. High density and speed requirements are placing increasing demands on materials parameters and packaging structures. Both physical and electronic properties of materials suitable for use in MCM construction are described. Module design considerations are presented along with material, structure, and performance trade-offs. Particular attention is focused on those elements of electrical, thermal, and mechanical performance necessary to ensure a high reliability MCM while ensuring both manufacturability and reasonable economic relevance.
Empirical Methods for Political Economy Analyses of Environmental Policy

Theoretical models highlighting the salient role of features of the political system in the determination of environmental policy have grown in sophistication and popularity. In turn, this has led to a burgeoning empirical literature testing the predictions emanating from these models. However, proper testing requires use of observational data, compelling one to confront many statistical issues – nonrandom selection, endogeneity, and measurement error – and choose among many different estimation methods. This article provides an overview of some of these estimation methods, emphasizing the differences among them. In particular, focus is given to the estimation of the causal effect of political institutions on environmental policy and the role of interactions and spillovers between political agents in the determination of environmental policy.
IV Dihydroergotamine for Treatment of Status Migrainosus in Children - Efficacy and Tolerability (P2.201)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous dihydroergotamine (DHE) in children requiring admission for status migrainosus. BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence about status migrainosus management in children, and lack of an established treatment protocol. Prior studies have reported a 70-80[percnt] response to IV DHE, with medication response after about 5 doses. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of 36 patients and 40 admissions, ages 7-18 years, who failed other first line medications at home and/or the emergency department, and were admitted to the St. Louis Children’s Hospital from January 2013 to May 2015, for further management with IV DHE. Data were collected on: duration of presenting migraine; medications used prior to admission; effectiveness of DHE treatment based upon pain scores; dose, duration, and frequency of side effects of DHE; and length of admission. RESULTS: Median duration of the presenting headache was 14 days. The emergency department trialed IV NSAIDs with antiemetics in 68[percnt] and IV valproic acid in 40[percnt]. Average length of stay was 4.5 days. Most received a 0.2 mg test dose of DHE, then 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours if tolerated. Mean number of DHE doses was 3.5. After DHE, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain scores (-2.1 points), 2/3 reported decreased pain, 17[percnt] were headache-free, and 60[percnt] did not require another IV abortive medication. Five percent stopped DHE after the test dose, 65[percnt] experienced side effects, and 25[percnt] stopped DHE due to side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Even if refractory to other IV abortive medications for status migrainosus, DHE can be an effective therapy in children (2/3 respond), but may require several doses. The tolerability of DHE may limit its use, as 2/3 of patients experienced side effects, commonly nausea/emesis despite antiemetic pretreatment, and 1/4 stopped DHE due to side effects. Disclosure: Dr. Liang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mar has nothing to disclose.
Orthogonal 4,10 and 6,12 substitution of dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene polycyclic aromatic small molecules

A series of new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds based on (4,10-disubstituted-dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene-6,12-dione) and 4,10 di-substituted 6,12-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene are reported with tunable electronic properties through varied molecular architecture. Starting with an inexpensive commercially available textile dye known as Vat Orange #3, (4,10-dibromo-dibenzo[def,mno] chrysene-6,12-dione) we extended the conjugation at the 4- and 10-positions by the attachment of both electron rich and deficient hexylvinylphthalimide, thiophene, hexylthiophene, triphenylamine, and hexylbithiophene aromatic groups, and studied the resultant optoelectronic properties. By applying various synthetic metal-catalyzed reactions, soluble dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene and dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene-6,12-dione derivatives were achieved with optical edge band gaps between 2.30 eV and 1.65 eV.
Jazz, Prestige, and Five Great Gatsby Film Adaptations

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is closely associated with jazz: a controversial musical mode of ‘black’ expression throughout much of the twentieth century, but one that increasingly acquired prestige after World War II. Five film adaptations of Gatsby exist: directed by Herbert Brenon (1926), Elliott Nugent (1949), Jack Clayton (1974), Robert Markowitz (2000), and Baz Lurhmann (2013). Clayton, Markowitz, and Luhrman all foreground jazz in various ways, and even Brenon captures something of its ‘feel’ in his silent film. Only Clayton’s film, however, won an Oscar for Best Adaptation Score. How and why jazz, especially ‘white’ jazz, peaked in Clayton’s Gatsby helps us understand America’s nostalgia both for the 1920s and for much of its ‘Great American Songbook’.
Estimation of U.S. Bark Generation and Implications for Horticultural Industries

Abstract The historical, current, and projected supply of bark was evaluated. Since the 1980s more than 95 percent of the U.S. bark supply has been utilized in some way. Industrial fuel consumes the largest share of the market for bark, absorbing about 83 percent of softwood bark and 66 to 71 percent of hardwood bark. Current market share of bark for horticulture use (categorized in the miscellaneous group), is about 15 percent of softwood bark supply and about 30 percent of hardwood bark supply. In recent years, domestic timber harvest has been relatively stable or has slightly decreased. During the same time period, there has been an increasing demand for bark as an energy resource. Based on historical data, linear models were fitted between U.S. timber harvest and bark generation at the regional level. With those fitted models, projected bark generation was estimated based on the timber harvest data of the fifth Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) timber assessment. It is estimated that only a minor...
Transcriptional Control of the α-Crystallin Gene Family

Crystallina constitute 80–90% of the soluble protein of the ocular lens. There are a surprisingly large number of crystallin gene families; some (α- and sγ-crystallins) are present in all vertebrate lenses, whereas others (the enzyme-crystallins) are found only in the lenses of certain species. The enzyme-crystallins are not lens-specific and appear to have a double function, i.e., as structural proteins in the lens and as metabolic enzymes in other tissues (see Wistow and Piatigorsky, 1988; Piatigorsky and Wistow, 1989). In addition to their lens-specific or lens-preferred expression, the synthesis of the crystallin polypeptides is developmentally regulated in a temporal and spatial manner in the lens (see McAvoy, 1981; Piatigorsky, 1981).
Gout: Update on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Emphasis on Artifact Identification

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and is increasing in prevalence and incidence in many countries worldwide. Accurate diagnosis is important to direct treatment that may include chronic medication. Burden quantification and treatment monitoring are key in the effective care of patients with gout. This review highlights the positive impact of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) on the evaluation of gout patients and discusses common imaging artifacts that limit this imaging modality. DECT has become the most accurate imaging method for confirming or excluding gout. Of note, however, it has reduced sensitivity in early disease, including initial attacks. Burden quantification is another important role of DECT, which can now be performed using automated software methods, allowing for a more reliable assessment of treatment effect. However, the analysis of gout DECT images can be impeded by artifacts related to the DECT reconstruction technique. DECT is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for diagnosis, burden quantification, and treatment monitoring in patients with gout. A working knowledge of common DECT artifacts is essential for mitigating their occurance and misinterpretation.
Internal lymphedema correlation with subjective and objective measures of dysphagia in head and neck cancer.

6051 Background: Tumor/treatment-related external (EL) and/or internal lymphedema (IL) are associated with functional deficits and increased symptom burden in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. W...
Voting and borderland minorities: Recent Italian elections and the Slovene minority in eastern Fiuli-Venezia Giulia

This article seeks to link electoral behavior and borderland ethnic minority patterns. Results of the November 1993 mayoral election in Trieste, and the March 1994 and April 1996 national elections in Italy are studied in reference to the distribution of the Slovene minority in Northeastern Italy, specifically in the eastern part of the Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia adjoining the boundary with Slovenia. The history of this borderland is rampant with conflict and territorial sovereignty changes. Recent events – the end of the Cold War, the breakup of Yugoslavia and independence of Slovenia, and the collapse of the Italian political party system – have served both to ease traditional tensions but also to exacerbate ethnic relations between Italians and the Slovene minority. The impact of Italian electoral reform and political party reformulation on the region is examined. Specifically, Mayor Illy's election in the city of Trieste in 1993 and voting patterns in the borderland Goriziano district of the Italian Senate for both the 1994 and 1996 elections are studied in some detail. The article concludes that while electoral campaigns and election results are marked with ethnic confrontation and contrasts, evidence suggests that, despite continuing nationalist tendencies, greater understanding and cooperation between Italians and Slovenes are emerging.
Manipulating user resistance to large-scale information systems through influence tactics

Abstract This study examines how influence tactics can be used to manipulate user resistance and subsequent usage behaviors in the context of large-scale, newly implemented information systems (IS). To do so, we integrate the theory of interpersonal influence and leadership, adaptive structuration theory, and the literature on user resistance and behavioral IS theories, and develop a comprehensive theoretical model anchored in (a) social influence tactics, (b) IT artifact perceptions, and (c) user resistance and subsequent behaviors. The resultant theoretical model explains how influence tactics modulate user perceptions, user resistance to the system, and ultimately the unfaithful use of the system. This model is tested in the context of an electronic medical record (EMR) system implementation, with a sample of 442 clinicians who were exposed to various influence tactics and with the use of SEM techniques. The results indicate that certain influence tactics are beneficial in reducing user resistance while others can unintentionally increase resistance. Resistance, in turn, drives adaptive user behaviors in the form of unfaithful use of the system. Thus, it is possible to manipulate resistance and resultant adaptive behaviors through influence tactics, without necessarily altering the IT artifact. This is particularly important, as many off-the-shelf IT artifacts cannot be substantially modified.
The rise of populism and teaching for democracy: our professional obligations

Currently, we are facing a challenge in quality citizen participation from populism, which is bringing not renewal of democracy, but corrosion—and potentially its dismantling—from the inside. Many people are being misled by nationalist entrepreneurs who are not committed to democracy or solving the problems which the average person faces, but to their own power and personal egos. Whether the challenges come from the political left or right, democracy needs consistent and quality participation by all of its citizens. As a significant part of the citizenry fails to fight for democracy, factual evidence, and the rights of all of the people, I argue that political scientists must re-examine what we are doing inside and outside of the classroom to foster students’ and communities’ growth in political knowledge, democratic skills, and democratic values and habits. This essay explores three points—content, quality of information, and context—to demonstrate how we can improve teaching and learning in civic education. Collegiate-level educators can ensure that we are positively contributing to the preservation and advancement of our democracies and battling the forces that seek to undermine our democracies.
Might chronic opioid use impact sleep-disordered breathing and vice versa?

Citation:Orr JE, Wallace MS, Malhotra A. Might chronic opioid use impact sleep-disordered breathing and vice versa? J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(6):843–845.
Chapter 24 – Older Drivers

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the cognitive, physical, and social challenges faced by aging drivers. Declining driving ability is a cause for concern because these drivers may encounter driving situations known to be difficult for the older driver and in which they are less capable of responding to safely. Driving is a cognitively demanding task requiring attention, memory, problem-solving, and information-processing skills that often decline with aging. Cognitive impairment and dementia are increasingly prevalent among older, apparently, healthy individuals, affecting up to one-third of people older than age 65 years. More alarming estimates suggest that dementia is overlooked in 25–90% of older adults. Although many older drivers restrict or stop driving voluntarily, a large number continue to drive. This is especially true for persons with cognitive impairment who may not possess the requisite insight to acknowledge their limitations and adjust driving activities. Indeed, cognitively impaired individuals rate their driving as good or better than that of drivers their own age, and these ratings are incongruent with actual driving behavior in individuals with cognitive impairment. To prevent injuries and to promote safety, it is imperative that resources and support be available for determining driver fitness. Equally important are the considerations of supporting mobility needs and maintaining quality of life after driving cessation.
Non-Market Strategy Research through the Lens of New Institutional Economics: An Integrative Review and Future Directions

Research summary: We use a novel theoretical framework to synthesize ostensibly disparate streams of non-market strategy research. We argue that faced with weak institutions, firms can create and appropriate value by either adapting to, augmenting, or transforming the existing institutional environment, and can do so either independently or in collaboration with others. We use the resulting typology of six distinct non-market strategies to provide an integrative review of non-market strategy research. We then extend this framework to examine the choice between non-market strategies, arguing that this choice depends upon whether the existing institutional environment is incomplete or captured, and discussing other drivers of non-market strategy choice, the relationship between these strategies, and their social impact, so as to provide an agenda for future research. Managerial summary: The pursuit of competitive advantage often requires firms to operate in contexts where existing rules and regulations provide inadequate protection. Disruptive technologies open up new opportunities for value creation, but it takes years before appropriate regulations are introduced. Economic reforms open up new markets, but these are often regulated to favor incumbents and politically connected insiders. In such environments, managers must decide whether to adapt their strategies to the existing institutional environment, devote resources to improve it, or try to transform it altogether. In this article, we develop an integrative theoretical framework that connects and synthesizes research examining each of these options, and offers some preliminary thoughts on how managers may choose among these different approaches.
Increased motor variability facilitates motor learning in weight shift toward the paretic side during walking in individuals post-stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether applying "varied" versus constant pelvis assistance force mediolaterally toward the paretic side of stroke survivors during walking would result in short-term improvement in weight shift toward the paretic side. Twelve individuals post-stroke (60.4 ± 6.2 years; gait speed: 0.53 ± 0.19 m/s) were tested under two conditions (varied vs. constant). Each condition was conducted in a single separate session, which consisted of (a) treadmill walking with no assistance force for 1 min (baseline), pelvis assistance toward the paretic side for 9 min (adaptation), and then no force for additional 1 min (post-adaptation), and (b) overground walking. In the "varied" condition, the magnitude of force was randomly changed across steps between 30% and 100% of the predetermined amount. In the abrupt condition, the magnitude of force was kept constant at 100% of the predetermined amount. Participants exhibited greater improvements in weight shift toward the paretic side (p < 0.01) and in muscle activity of plantar flexors and hip adductors of the paretic leg (p = 0.02) from baseline to late post-adaptation period for the varied condition than for the constant condition. Motor variability of the peak pelvis displacement at baseline was correlated with improvement in weight shift toward the paretic side after training for the varied (R2 = 0.64, p = 0.01) and the constant condition (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.03). These findings suggest that increased motor variability, induced by applying the varied pelvis assistance, may facilitate motor learning in weight shift and gait symmetry during walking in individuals post-stroke.
Closed Systems for Mixing and Loading

Publisher Summary The risks of exposure to toxic chemicals have been shown to be particularly great for workers whose duties include the mixing and loading of agricultural pesticides. Mixers and loaders are required to handle highly concentrated formulations and transfer them in some manner from a shipping container to the application equipment. Persons whose job requirements are largely limited during busy seasons to mixing and loading may handle over a dozen different formulations during daily work periods that may exceed eight hours. Research has indicated that dermal deposition and inhalation can be significant routes of exposure for mixers and loaders . For many years, workers have been encouraged, and, in some cases, required to wear protective clothing and respirators to mitigate the risks posed by certain agricultural pesticides.
A Fast Approximation Algorithm for MIN-ONE SAT and Its Application on MAX-SAT Solving

The current SAT solvers can provide an assignment for a satisfiable propositional formula. However, the capability for a SAT solver to return an “optimal” solution for a given objective function is severely lacking. MIN-ONE SAT is an optimization problem which requires the satisfying assignment with the minimal number of ONEs, and it can be easily extended to minimize an arbitrary linear objective function. While some research has been conducted on MIN-ONE SAT, the existing algorithms do not scale very well to large formulas. In this chapter, we propose a novel algorithm for MIN-ONE SAT that not only is efficient but also achieves a tight bound on the solution quality. Thus, it can handle very large and complex problem instances. The basic idea is to generate a set of constraints from the objective function to guide the search. The constraints are gradually relaxed to eliminate the conflicts with the original Boolean SAT formula until a solution is found. The experiments demonstrate that RelaxSAT is able to handle very large instances which cannot be solved by existing MIN-ONE algorithms; furthermore, RelaxSAT is able to obtain a very tight bound on the solution with one to two orders of magnitude speedup. We also demonstrated that RelaxSAT can be used to formulate and direct a new way to build a high-performance MAX-SAT solver.
Fast switching 1200 V 50 A silicon carbide BJT's in boost converters

Silicon carbide (SiC) bipolar junction transistors (BJT's) are normally-off fast switching devices with very low collector-emitter voltages (V CE ), combining the best of properties from unipolar and bipolar technology. They switch fast with turn-offs from semi saturated state without current tails and have the same time extremely low saturated UCE values. SiC BJT's free from bipolar degradation were fabricated and packaged in TO-247 packages. The BJT's fabricated were characterized both statically and dynamically in a setup similar to a switching application, as well as tested for stability. A SPICE model was developed and simulations of the switching transitions were done and compared to measurements. The good properties of SiC BJT's make a large impact on system design. Higher efficiencies can be achieved at higher switching frequencies, which reduce size of inductances and heat sinks, as has been shown by simulations.
Dynamics and control of off-centered crane lifts

When cranes lift heavy payloads off the ground, the payload may slide or swing sideways unexpectedly. This dangerous motion occurs when the payload is not directly beneath the overhead suspension point of the hoist cable. Given that cable suspension points are usually tens of feet, and perhaps hundreds of feet above the payload, it is very difficult for crane operators to know if the hoist cable is perfectly vertical before they start to lift the payload off the ground. Inevitably, some horizontal motion of the payload will occur at lift off. If an offcenter lift creates substantial horizontal motion, then it can create significant hazards for the human operators, the payload, and the surrounding environment. This paper develops dynamic models of off-centered lifts, laying the foundation for determining the unwanted motions that should to be accounted for in a future controller design.
Sediment Erosion and Redistribution in Fine-Grained Shelf Environments

Abstract : My long-term goal within the EuroSTRATAFORM program has been to increase our ability to predict sediment transport in fine-grained regions of the continental shelf through field work and application and further development of models at the Adriatic and Gulf of Lions EuroSTRATAFORM sites. Testing and extending our conceptual and numerical sediment transport models at these sites is an important goal of the EuroSTRATAFORM shelf process studies. The broad objectives of this project are to 1) measure along-shelf, across-shelf and temporal variations in critical shear stress and entrainment rates; 2) compare suspended sediment concentrations measured by bottom tripod with values calculated using measured entrainment rates; and 3) explore the implications of spatial variations in critical shear stress on cross-shelf sediment transport and deposition. During FY07 I was given a no-cost extension in order to 1) serve as lead guest editor of a special issue of Continental Shelf Research devoted to recent studies of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in the Gulf of Lions (Xavier Durrieu de Madron and Pere Puig are co-editors); and 2) complete analysis of erosion measurements made in the Gulf of Lions during the EuroSTRATAFORM program.
Parametric Scheduling - Algorithms and Complexity

Parametric Scheduling is a scheduling technique used to partially address the inflexibility of static scheduling in real-time systems. Real-Time scheduling confronts two issues not addressed by traditional scheduling models viz. parameter variability and the existence of complex relationships constraining the execution of tasks. Accordingly, modeling becomes crucial in the specification of scheduling problems. In this paper, we study the complexity of parametric scheduling as modeled within the E-T-C scheduling framework [Sub00]. We establish that (a) The parametric schedulability query is in PSPACE for generalized constraints, and (b) Parametric dispatching is not harder than deciding the schedulability query. To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first of their kind for this problem.
An Examination of the Measurement Adequacy of the NES Scales for the Measurement of Racially Relevant Attitudes

Objective The objective of the research reported in this article is to determine if the NES scale for the measurement of equalitarianism is adequate for the measurement of attitudes toward equality in the mass public. Methods The analysis begins with the conjecture that the items are framed in terms that are too abstract for the typical member of the mass public to comprehend. As a result, it is argued, each item will not measure the same latent variable, equalitarianism. Rather, item scores will be saturated with systematic error in the form of response set, with the items falling into separate groups depending on how they are framed, rendering scores on the items problematic for use in empirical analysis. For contrast, responses to the items constituting the NES racial resentment scale are also examined. The items comprising this scale are framed in more concrete terms. As a result, it is argued that items comprising the racial resentment scale should display much less systematic error in the form of response set when used in the mass public. Using NES data from a national sample drawn in 2008, responses to the items comprising the equalitarian and racial resentment scales were analyzed via differences of means, correlations, and LISREL (C)onfirmatory (F)actor (A)nalyses. Results The results for the equalitarianism scale do not support the conclusion that each item is measuring the same latent variable. Rather, the results are consistent with the argument that response set is the dominant factor in shaping responses. The results for the racial resentment scale support the conclusion that each item is measuring what it is designed to measure and response set is playing a relatively minor role in shaping responses. An additional confirmatory factor analysis of scores on the equalitarian scale was done using only highly educated respondents. This segment of the population can be expected to deal relatively easily with items framed in abstract terms. The CFA for this group of respondents yielded results that bear out this expectation and are interpreted as buttressing the principal argument of the article that the items constituting the scale are not suitable for use in the mass public because they are couched in terms too abstract for the typical member of the mass public to comprehend. Conclusion The article concludes with the suggestion that it would be useful to develop a new scale for the measurement of equalitarian attitudes in the mass public, along with some suggestions regarding the nature of such an instrument.
Revision Breast Reconstruction and General Complications

Virtually all procedures for breast reconstruction require some form of revision for optimal outcome. Revision surgery is normally done as an outpatient. Implant and expander reconstructions require removal of the temporary implant and placement of a permanent prosthetic. Autologous procedures normally have a second procedure for reconstructing the nipple-areolar complex and other related matters. The general complications of reconstruction are discussed as well as advice about how to avoid and treat complications.
Unextended Superfields in Extended Supersymmetry

In extended supersymmetry, we discuss the advantages of unextended superfields over extended ones and component fields. We show how to derive from the extended formalism the unextended superfields, and their extended supersymmetry transformations in unextended-superfield form.
Optical and Infrared Nondetection of the z = 10 Galaxy behind Abell 1835

Gravitational lensing by massive galaxy clusters is a powerful tool for the discovery and study of high-redshift galaxies, including those at z ≥ 6 likely responsible for cosmic reionization. Pello et al. recently used this technique to discover a candidate gravitationally magnified galaxy at z = 10 behind the massive cluster lens Abell 1835 (z = 0.25). We present new Keck and Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the z = 10 candidate (hereafter #1916, following Pello et al.'s nomenclature) together with a reanalysis of archival optical and near-infrared imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and Very Large Telescope, respectively. Our analysis extends from the atmospheric cutoff at λobs 0.35 μm out to λobs 5 μm. The z = 10 galaxy is not detected in any of these data, including an independent reduction of Pello et al.'s discovery H- and K-band imaging. We conclude that there is no statistically reliable evidence for the existence of #1916. We also assess the implications of our results for ground-based near-infrared searches for gravitationally magnified galaxies at z 7. The broad conclusion is that such experiments remain feasible, assuming that space-based optical and mid-infrared imaging are available to break the degeneracy with low-redshift interlopers (e.g., z ~ 2-3) when fitting spectral templates to the photometric data.
Neurosteroid consumption has anxiolytic effects in mice

The neurosteroids allopregnanolone (ALLOP) and pregnanolone (PREG), like ethanol, potentiate gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor function. PREG-hemisuccinate (PREG-HS) is a negative modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Because C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice differ in ethanol preference, voluntary consumption of ALLOP and PREG-HS (50 microg/ml solution) versus tap water was measured in B6 and D2 mice for a minimum of 8 days. Mice were acclimated to a reverse light-dark cycle prior to the initiation of experiments. In the first study, both B6 and D2 mice exhibited preference for the PREG-HS solution. In the second study, neither strain exhibited significant preference for the ALLOP solution versus water. However, the ALLOP-consuming B6 and D2 mice exhibited significant anxiolysis when they were tested on the elevated plus maze following 8 days of ALLOP consumption, compared to separate animals that consumed only water. A subsequent study determined that systemic administration of PREG-HS had significant anxiolytic effects in both B6 and D2 mice, when assessed on the elevated plus maze. Plasma ALLOP levels in the steroid-consuming mice from both studies were significantly increased versus basal levels only in the D2 strain. While the pattern of steroid intake or strain differences in steroid conversion may have influenced the differential change in plasma ALLOP levels, it is noteworthy that both strains consumed doses of ALLOP, and presumably doses of PREG-HS, that were anxiolytic.
The effect of glycosidases on the survival of rat erythrocytes in circulation

Enzymic removal of sialyl groups from mammalian erythrocytes resulted in their rapid sequestration from circulation subsequent to autologous transfusion. It has been demonstrated by many investigators that the terminal /3-D-galactosyl group, exposed on red blood cell by in vitro desialosylation, is recognized by an autoimmune anti-galactosyl IgG and/or by a lectin-like receptor on monocytes and macrophages. It is demonstrated herein that the disaccharide structure P-D-Galp(1+3)-o-GalpNAc (a) is masked in normal rat RBC, but exposed in asialo-RBC; (b) could be detected with fluorescently-labeled peanut agglutinin; (c) could be released from the asialo-RBC with an endo-N-acetyl-cY-o-galactosaminidase; and (d) upon its removal by treatment with the endo-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminidase, enhances the survival of the asialo-RBC in circulation. JNTRODUCTION Enzymic removal of sialyl groups from mammalian erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in their rapid sequestration from circulation’. With the demonstration that the sialic acid content of RBCs decreases with their in vivo aging in circulationz, it has been postulated that a removal of sialyl groups might be involved in in vivo aging of RBC, with consequent sequestration of the RBC when the sialic acid content dropped by lO-15% to a threshold value3. Evidence from a number of studies in our laboratory has shown that in both artificial removal of sialyl groups from RBC with sialidase from Vibrio cholerae, aRBC, and in vivo aging of RBC in circulation, the loss of sialic acid groups is accompanied by the unmasking of the penultimate /3-D-galactosyl residues. This is analogous to the Ashwell and Morel1 system for the sequestration of asialo plasma glycoproteins by hepatocytes4. In
Embedded pupil function recovery for Fourier ptychographic microscopy

We develop and test a pupil function determination algorithm, termed embedded pupil function recovery (EPRY), which can be incorporated into the Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) algorithm and recover both the Fourier spectrum of sample and the pupil function of imaging system simultaneously. This EPRY-FPM algorithm eliminates the requirement of the previous FPM algorithm for a priori knowledge of the aberration in the imaging system to reconstruct a high quality image. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm by reconstructing high resolution, large field-of-view images of biological samples. We also illustrate that the pupil function we retrieve can be used to study the spatially varying aberration of a large field-of-view imaging system. We believe that this algorithm adds more flexibility to FPM and can be a powerful tool for the characterization of an imaging system’s aberration.
The interaction of solutes with their environments

The origins of electronic spectral broadening in solutions, glasses and proteins are discussed via three pulse stimulated echo peak–shift measurements. Spectral densities for dye molecules in polar solutions are presented and discussed in terms of molecular models for the dynamics. The breakdown of the harmonic bath picture at low frequencies is presented. Finally, echo measurements on light harvesting complexes of purple bacteria are presented and it is shown that the energy transfer timescale can be obtained from peak–shift measurements.
In Defense of an Alternative View of the Foundation of Aristotle's Moral Theory

In the opening chapters of the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle identifies what he refers to as "the best good" or "the human good" with happiness (eudaimonia). He takes happiness to be some sort of ultimate end of human conduct, and on the basis of this idea, he proceeds to develop his moral theory. This much is uncontroversial. However, interpreters have despaired over the passages where Aristotle invokes this notion of an ultimate end. For it has been thought that in these passages Aristotle appears to ground his moral philosophy on a patently indefensible psychological generalization.' The psychological generalization, in its strongest form, is the proposition that every person does whatever he does with the aim of promoting his own happiness. This doctrine, which we may call "Strong Psychological Eudaimonism", is not only mistaken in its own right,2 it is also inconsistent with other views Aristotle espouses in the Ethics.' Conse-
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel block by hydrolysis-resistant tetracaine derivatives

To meet a pressing need for better cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel antagonists, we have increased the biological stability of tetracaine-based blockers by synthesizing amide and thioamide linkage substitutions of tetracaine (1) and a higher affinity octyl tail derivative (5). We report the apparent K(D) values, the mechanism of block, and the in vitro hydrolysis rates for these compounds. The ester linkage substitutions did not adversely affect CNG channel block; unexpectedly, thioamide substitution in 1 (compound 8) improved block significantly. Furthermore, the ester linkage substitutions did not appear to affect the mechanism of block in terms of the strong state preference for closed channels. All ester substituted compounds, especially the thioamide substitutions, were more resistant to hydrolysis by serum cholinesterase than their ester counterparts. These findings have implications for dissecting the physiological roles of CNG channels, treating certain forms of retinal degeneration, and possibly the current clinical uses of compound 1.
Understanding the under-representation of African American coaches: A multilevel perspective

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive, multilevel framework for understanding the under-representation of African Americans as head coaches of university athletic teams. I argue that factors at the macro-level (i.e., institutionalized practices, political climate, stakeholder expectations), meso-level (i.e., prejudice on the part of decision makers, discrimination, leadership prototypes, organizational culture of diversity), and micro-level (i.e., head coaching expectations and intentions, occupational turnover intentions) all impact this phenomenon. The framework's applicability for policy development and changes initiatives is also discussed.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase NECESSITY OF Cys634 FOR INHIBITION BY MALEIMIDES BUT NOT CATALYSIS

A characteristic feature of the vacuolar H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) of plant cells is its high sensitivity to irreversible inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and other sulfhydryl reagents. Previous investigations in this laboratory have demonstrated that the primary site for substrate-protectable covalent modification of the V-PPase by 14C-labeled NEM maps to a single Mr 14,000 V8 protease fragment (V814K) (Zhen, R.-G., Kim, E. J., and Rea, P. A.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 23342-23350). Here, we describe site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA encoding the V-PPase from Arabidopsis thaliana, its heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and single substitution of all 9 conserved Cys residues to either Ser or Ala. In all cases, except one, Cys mutagenesis exerts little or no effect on either the catalytic activity or susceptibility of the enzyme to inhibition by NEM. By contrast, and in complete agreement with the results of peptide mapping experiments, substitution of Cys634, the sole conserved cysteine residue encompassed by V814K, with Ser or Ala generates enzyme that is insensitive to NEM but active in both PPi hydrolysis and PPi-dependent H+ translocation. The specific requirement for Cys634 for inhibition by NEM and the dispensability of all of the conserved Cys residues, including Cys634, for V-PPase function indicate that the inhibitory action of maleimides reflects steric constraints imposed by the addition of a substituted alkyl group to the side chain of Cys634 rather than direct participation of this amino acid residue in catalysis.
Microsatellites linked to Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis burden in spleen and cecal content of young F1 broiler-cross chicks

Contamination of poultry and poultry products by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis (SE) continues to be problematic even though biosafety management practices have aided in reduction of the SE burden. Identification of molecular markers linked to disease resistance loci would further reduce SE burden by enabling selection for genetic resistance. The objectives of this study were therefore to evaluate specific genomic regions for resistance to SE burden in young broiler-cross chicks and to evaluate the interaction of allele with dam line and sex. Three hatches of F1 chicks were produced by crossing sires from a broiler breeder male line with hens from three highly inbred lines (Fayoumi 15.2, and MHC-congenic G-B1 and G-B2 Leghorn). At 1 d of age, the chicks were intraesophageally inoculated with SE phage type 13a. Spleen and cecal content samples were harvested at 1 wk, and the levels of SE were quantified by serial plate dilution. Each of the F1 chicks was genotyped with four microsatellites that had previously been shown to be linked to antibody response to SE vaccine. All four microsatellites had a significant (P < or = 0.05) main effect or interaction with dam line or sex on the level of SE in spleen and cecal contents.