cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Supported Joint Engagement and Parent Utterances in Language and Social Communication Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study examined associations between three parent–child engagement states and social communication, expressive language, and receptive language at 8 month follow-up, in 63 preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder. We extend the literature on supported joint engagement by dividing this state into higher order (HSJE) and lower order types, with HSJE involving greater reciprocity in toy play. We also examined parents’ follow-in utterances that co-occurred with each state. We found that only HSJE predicts later social communication and expressive language, while object engagement predicts receptive language. HSJE combined with follow-in utterances (HSJE+FI) predicts all three outcomes when controlling for HSJE+FI in other engagement states. When controlling for total HSJE, HSJE+FI is predictive of receptive language.
Kraft mill gases damage Douglas-fir in western Montana.

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in western Montana, U.S.A., were seriously damaged by sulfur emissions from a nearby Kraft pulp mill. Foliage loss, needle symptoms, total sulfur of needles, and airborne reactive sulfur were greatest near the Kraft mill. Needle autopsies confirmed the diagnosis.
Measurement of the Jones Matrix of an Optical System by Return-path Null Ellipsometry

A return-path null ellipsometer (RPNE), whose polarizing/analysing optics (PAO) consist of a linear polarizer and a linear quarter-wave retarder (QWR), provides only two independent null measurements. The two nulls are sufficient to determine a normalized Jones matrix that is defined by one or two complex parameters. This covers a large number of important cases of reciprocal optical systems (samples) that have diagonal, antisymmetric or symmetric Jones matrices. To determine an arbitrary normalized Jones matrix of three independent complex parameters, one or more additional null measurements can be made in the presence of a second auxiliary QWR placed between the sample and return mirror. For a non-reciprocal optical system with the same Jones matrix for forward and reverse propagation, the square of the Jones matrix can be measured using RPNE by adding a non-reciprocal element (e.g. a Faraday rotator) to the PAO.
The Culture Broker Revisited: Historical Archaeological Perspectives on Merchants in Delaware, 1760–1815

This study draws on historical archaeological data from eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Duck Creek, Delaware to interpret local merchants as culture brokers. Such a focus on merchants and broker...
Reactive aldehyde modification of thioredoxin-1 activates early steps of inflammation and cell adhesion.

Several lines of evidence suggest that an increase in aldehyde-modified proteins is associated with development of atherosclerosis. Acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) are reactive aldehydes generated during active inflammation as a consequence of lipid peroxidation; both react with protein thiols, including thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), a protein recently found to regulate antioxidant function in endothelial cells. The present study examined whether acrolein or HNE modification of Trx1 could potentiate monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, an early event of atherosclerosis. We examined the function of acrolein and HNE-modified Trx1 in the regulation of the early events of atherosclerosis using cultured aortic endothelial cells as a vascular model system, for in vitro enzymatic assay, and in mass spectrometry analysis. Our data show that acrolein and HNE at 1:1 ratios with Trx1 modified Cys-73 and inhibited activity. In endothelial cells, adducts were detected at concentrations as low as 1 μmol/L including conditions in which there was no detectable change in glutathione. Acrolein and HNE modification of Trx1 was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Microinjection of acrolein- and HNE-modified Trx1 into endothelial cells stimulated monocyte adhesion. Chemical modification of Trx1 by common environmental and endogenously generated reactive aldehydes can contribute to atherosclerosis development by interfering with antioxidant and redox signaling functions of Trx1.
Corporate Strategic Philanthropy: Implications for Social Work

Corporate contributions to health and human services have declined from a high of 42.0 percent of total corporate giving in 1972 to 25.3 percent in 1994. At the same time, "strategic philanthropy" has become the state of the art in corporate contributions management. Strategic philanthropy is defined in this article as the process by which contributions are targeted to meet both business objectives and recipient needs. This concept represents the integration of philanthropy into the overall strategic planning of the corporation. This article describes a national survey of corporate philanthropy programs that examined the activities that characterize the strategic management of corporate philanthropy. Results suggest that corporations do not frequently evaluate their philanthropy programs. Social work professionals may use this information to increase their opportunities to provide evaluative input and to increase corporate funding of health and human services.
Structure and Physical Properties of BaCu2Te2

Abstract BaCu2Te2 was synthesized at 690°C and its structure was determined via the Rietveld refinement method using powder X-ray diffraction with Rp/wRp(%)=4.01/5.36. BaCu2Te2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with Z=4 and a=10.1244(5) A, b=4.4577(3) A, c=11.4642(6) A, V=517.85(5) A3. It adopts the same structure type as α-BaCu2S2/BaCu2Se2/BaZn2Sb2. In BaCu2Te2, distorted CuTe4 tetrahedra connect with one another by edge-sharing and corner sharing to build up a three-dimensional framework. There is no structural resemblance between BaCu2Te2 and Cu2Te (P6/mmm), but remarkably, the BaCu2Te2 framework is topologically identical to the net found in the mineral feldspar. Electrical property measurements on a sintered pellet indicate that it is a p-type degenerate semiconductor. An anomaly was observed in the variation of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature near 65 K.
Individual and combined effects of temperature and polychlorinated biphenyls on the growth of three species of phytoplankton

Two marine diatoms and a marine green alga, grown in axenic batch cultures, were exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at different temperatures. PCBs did not affect the green alga's growth rate but did inhibit the growth of both diatoms. One of these, Rhizosolenia setigera, was affected by concentrations of PCBs as low as 0·1 part per thousand million. Sensitivity of both diatoms to PCBs was highly dependent on temperature; PCB toxicity increased as the temperature tolerance limits for each species were approached. The data suggest that phytoplankton growing under suboptional condition may be more vulnerable to stress than when growing under optimal conditions.
Electronics Application for Fullerenes

Thin-film Al-C60-Al trilayered structures were sublimated under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions for the purpose of investigating their current-voltage (I-V) properties. These metal-semiconductor-metal devices exhibited rapid and irreversible drop in resistance of about two orders of magnitude under an applied voltage of 0.67 to 0.75V. Approximate initial and final resistances were 1050 Ω and 8 Ω respectively. Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS) indicated no noticeable change in phase of the fullerene inter-layer after the irreversible drop in resistance. These results, SEM micrographs and concentration profiles were concordant with diffusion of top layer Al through the fullerene layer as the most likely cause of the change in resistance.
In Vitro Effect of Interleukin-12 on Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferative Responses from Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

The relationship between CD4 lymphocyte count and the in vitro effect of interleukin (IL)-12 on lymphocyte proliferative responses to Candida, tetanus toxoid, and streptokinase antigens was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and 10 seronegative controls. IL-12 significantly increased proliferative responses to microbial recall antigens of PBMC from HIV-infected persons with >200 CD4 lymphocytes/mm 3 but had little effect on PBMC from patients with more advanced disease. The greatest increase was seen in patients with 200-500 CD4 cells/mm 3 . Results of limiting dilution analysis suggested that the increase in antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of IL-12 was due to an increase in the number of responding cells rather than an increase in the extent of proliferation of a fixed number of responder cells.
Measurement of serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: a comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzymatic analysis.

Abstract Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are secretory products of the adrenal cortex. Measurement of serum levels of these steroids is of increasing epidemiologic interest, since low serum concentrations of DHEAS or DHEA have been associated with an increased risk of dying of cardiovascular disease or of developing cancer. Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) are the most convenient systems for the measurement of serum DHEAS concentrations in multiple samples. However, using sera from four individuals we show that different RIA kits provide quite different estimates of serum DHEAS concentrations. Moreover, these results do not always agree with the serum concentrations determined by an independent Chromatographic and enzymatic reference method. The results highlight the need for an independent method of determining DHEAS levels in sera that can provide guidance in selecting an appropriate RIA, and in interpreting the results.
The effects of sodium nitroprusside on blood flow and oxygen delivery to the organs of the hypoxemic newborn lamb.

The Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery to the Organs of the Hypoxemic Newborn Lamb
Relaxation cross section measurements on NH3 and lower state focussing in a beam maser

Abstract Scattering cross for the lower state of the J =3, K =2 inversion doublet of NH 3 were measured using a beam maser spectrometer. The observed relaxation cross sections were the same as those obtained previously for the upper inversion state. These results support previous interpretations of observed relaxation cross sections for coherent superposition states. A coaxial electrostatic focusser state selector for beam maser spectroscopy which provides efficient focussing of states with a negative Stark effect is described.
Experiential Benefits, Place Meanings, and Environmental Setting Preferences Between Proximate and Distant Visitors to a National Scenic Trail

Effective management of conserved natural areas often requires a good understanding of recreation visitors who possess various values for those areas. This study examined differences in experiential benefits sought, place meanings, and environmental setting preferences between proximate and distant visitors to a publicly managed national scenic trail, which transects a variety of conserved public lands. Data were collected using on-site post-hike interviews with visitors at low, moderate, and high use trailheads. Proximate visitors sought mental and physical health more strongly than distant visitors, while distant visitors sought environmental exploration more strongly than proximate visitors. No significant difference in family bonding and achievement benefits existed between the two groups. Meanings related to place dependence, family identity, community identity, and place identity were more strongly ascribed by proximate visitors, and both groups rated ecological integrity meanings highly. Distant visitors showed stronger tendencies toward preferring a lesser level of trail development, lower level of encounters with other groups, and higher level of natural landscapes, which indicated an inclination toward natural settings. These findings indicate a managerially relevant role of the degree of proximity to environmental resources on individuals’ recreation behaviors, meanings ascribed to the resources and setting conditions. Understanding differences and similarities between groups dichotomized by proximity to natural resources should advance more effective management of recreation and benefit opportunities for diverse visitor groups.
Characterization of Cross-Linked Two-Phase Acrylic Polymers

Dental materials were made from mixtures of acrylic particles and a cross-linking monomer. The resulting two-phase polymers were characterized by quantitative microscopy. Components were analyzed by measurements of sol-gel partition, solution viscosity, and equilibrium swelling. A cross-linked network formed in the particulate phase only after slow polymerization.
Neurologic Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy

Neurotoxicity related to cancer therapy is a common problem in oncology practice. Neurologic side effects can be dose-limiting, can inhibit treatment, and can substantially diminish quality of life. Symptoms may appear acutely after treatment, or remotely after therapy has been discontinued. Multiple therapies may share similar toxicities, and certain agents may potentiate symptoms. When faced with the development of neurologic complaints, familiarity with the most common complications is helpful in determining the etiology of these symptoms. This review will discuss the common complications of both established and novel agents used to treat cancer.
Mobility, transit time and transconductance in submicrometre-gate-length m.e.s.f.e.t.s

Two-dimensional simulations of submicrometre-gate-length m.e.s.f.e.t.s of Si, GaAs and InP show that device transit time and transconductance depend more on high-field diffusion constant and the shape of the velocity/field characteristic than on low-field mobility. Reasonable InP devices have shorter transit times and higher transconductances than GaAs devices, and for certain device parameters these figures of merit can be almost the same for Si and GaAs devices.
Chaperone activation by unfolding

Conditionally disordered proteins can alternate between highly ordered and less ordered configurations under physiological conditions. Whereas protein function is often associated with the ordered conformation, for some of these conditionally unstructured proteins, the opposite applies: Their activation is associated with their unfolding. An example is the small periplasmic chaperone HdeA, which is critical for the ability of enteric bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli to survive passage through extremely acidic environments, such as the human stomach. At neutral pH, HdeA is a chaperone-inactive dimer. On a shift to low pH, however, HdeA monomerizes, partially unfolds, and becomes rapidly active in preventing the aggregation of substrate proteins. By mutating two aspartic acid residues predicted to be responsible for the pH-dependent monomerization of HdeA, we have succeeded in isolating an HdeA mutant that is active at neutral pH. We find this HdeA mutant to be substantially destabilized, partially unfolded, and mainly monomeric at near-neutral pH at a concentration at which it prevents aggregation of a substrate protein. These results provide convincing evidence for direct activation of a protein by partial unfolding.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE POLLEN ORGAN HALLETHECA (MEDULLOSALES)

Several additional specimens of the medullosan pollen organ Halletheca reticulatus have been discovered in sediments of Middle Pennsylvanian age. The morphology of this small synangiate seed fern pollen organ is clarified and an emended generic diagnosis provided. The newly discovered material indicates that the central column becomes hollow distally and that sporangial dehiscence is internal through the longitudinal splitting of the fibrous hollow central column. It is suggested that Halletheca represents the basic ancestral pollen organ type of the Medullosales. THE GENUS HALLETHECA Taylor was instituted for structurally preserved pollen organs of Upper Pennsylvanian age that are believed to have been produced by medullosan seed ferns (Taylor, 1971). Halletheca reticulatus is an elongate, radially symmetrical synangium that consists of five vascularized sporangia embedded in a thick cortical tissue. A pentagonal core of thick-walled cells occurs in the center of the organ, and at more distal levels this core becomes dissected into triangular segments, each of which is associated with the inner surface of a sporangium. This original description of Halletheca was
Reductive Modification of Alkaline Pulping of Southern Pine, Integrated with Hydrothermal Pre-extraction of Hemicelluloses

This study was to investigate the effect of modification of the kraft cooking process integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction on the properties of pulp produced from softwood chips. Loblolly p...
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: the role of radio-guided surgery.

Objectives: Objectives were to review our current experience with radio-guided parathyroid surgery and to compare various techniques of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Study Design: 1) To review our recent experience of radio-guided gamma probe localization during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism and 2) to compare the intraoperative findings with the preoperative sestamibi scan. Methods: Analysis was made of the 10 most recent surgical procedures for primary hyperparathyroidism at a single institution to compare the operative localization with preoperative sestamibi scan and to determine the radioactivity in the tissue removed during surgery, such as parathyroid adenoma, normal parathyroid gland, thyroid tissue, or lymph nodes. Results: The sestamibi scan was able to localize the enlarged parathyroid gland in eight patients. Although gamma probe was helpful in localizing the parathyroid gland, the identification of an enlarged parathyroid gland was directly based on the preoperative findings of sestamibi scan. In the remaining two patients, the intraoperative gamma probe was not helpful. Conclusions: The major advantage of gamma probe in the series was to evaluate the radioactivity in the tissue that was removed and to determine whether it was an enlarged parathyroid gland, lymph node, thyroid tissue, or fatty tissue. The radio-guided surgery did not add substantially to the surgical procedure in patients in whom the sestamibi scan had localized the enlarged parathyroid gland preoperatively.
What is memristor

The well-known three basic passive circuit elements - resistor (R), capacitor (C), and inductor (L), defines the three mathematical relations connecting the pairings of four fundamental circuit variables: electric current (i), voltage (v), electrical charge (q) and magnetic flux (phi) as:dV = R * di (resistance)dq = C * dv (capacitance)d(phi) = L * di (inductance)
Simple analysis of carrier transport and buildup in separate confinement heterostructure quantum well lasers

A simple, analytical model for carrier transport and buildup in the separate confinement layer of a quantum well laser is developed. The time constant characterizing the low-frequency roll-off is separated into components describing electron and hole transport and components related to the charge storage effects arising from electron and hole capture. In contrast to previous work, the analysis shows that both the transport and capture related delays are sensitive to the placement of the well within the separate confinement heterostructure and that the carrier concentrations change abruptly across the quantum well. >
36Cl in shallow, perched aquifers from central Indiana

Abstract 36Cl/Cl ratios and chloride concentrations were measured in several shallow, perched aquifers situated within glacial till in west-central Indiana (USA). Most of these aquifers show 36Cl/Cl ratios which have to be attributed to admixed 36Cl from nuclear weapons tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Two wells from Purdue's Horticultural Farm tap perched aquifers uninfluenced by anthropogenic sources of chloride, and their 36Cl/Cl ratios are comparable with ratios measured in modern, local precipitation. As such, the chloride contents of these wells (1 to 3 ppm) reflect evaporative concentration of the precipitation's chloride contents (averaging 0.17 ppm) in the vadose zone. Since one of these two wells (HA-2a) does not contain any detectable tritium, we conclude that recent pre-bomb 36Cl/Cl ratios and 36Cl deposition in precipitation are quite similar to those in modern precipitation. We attribute the slight 36Cl excess of about 20% in both of these wells largely to 36Cl deposition associated with dry fall-out. As much as 2 × 104 at. 36Cl/cm2 might reach the surface via dry fall-out annually.
Hormone-sensitive magnesium transport and magnesium regulation of adenylate cyclase

4411~. U,%,,|. Free Mg a+ ion modulates the activation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of cell types independent of the hormonal agent responsible for activa- ting or inhibiting the enzymeL This sensi- tivity to Mg ~÷ suggests that the cyclase might be responsive to changes in mtracel- lular free Mg ~+ concentration. During studies to investigate this possibility, a hormotw,-sensitive Mg ~" transport system was discovered in the murine $49 lym- phoma cell, wherein Mg a+ influx is inhi- bited by activation of/]-adrenergic recep tots. In contrast, Mg ~+ effiux as well as transport of other ions, including Ca ~+, are unaffected by receptor activation. We have since shown, hormone-sensitive Mg ~+ adenylate cyclase to repeated hormonal stimulation. Mg 2 * regulation of aden.vlate cyclase Modulation of cyclase activation is an established effect of free Mg ~" on the receptor-cyclase complex ~ ~. Several laboratories have demonstrated the abiliq, of free Mg ~* to activate adenylate cyclase activity and to alter the affinity of agonist binding to fl-adrenergic ~nd other receptors (Fig. ! ). StcllaCech and ~ :ecendy demons- trated that two distinc~ and independent Mg ~" sites mediate these effects. One Mg=" ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATION site is on the Mg ~'-guan~l nucleotide cou- pling wotem (G/F or N ) and is responsible for ahenng the ability of N to regulate both agonist affinity ~ for the hormone receptor (R) and the intet-,a:tion of the catalyt|c sub-
Children’s use of orthographic structure in word discrimination

A series of experiments by Gibson found that children, in learning to read, come to extract English spelling patterns and that these patterns function as units in word perception. The present study attempted to replicate these results using a simultaneous discrimination task rather than a tachistoscopic recognition task. It was found that by third grade, children are able to use English spelling patterns to discriminate between nonsense words. This ability was not dependent on word length and was absent in first-grade children. Ss’ verbal responses indicated that they had used orthographic patterns or its corollary, pronunciability, to distinguish between alternates.
PROCESS ANALYSIS USING AUTOMATED REGROUPING

This article presents an approach for identifying and defining process problems through a software enhancement of statistical control charting. The practice of charting similar processes on a single set of control charts is the focus of this research. W..
Processes in MoS2 Gasification

Abstract The gasification of MoS 2 by H 2 has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two fundamental processes were found upon heating the (0001) surface of MoS 2 in H 2 : first, the surface sulfur layer is removed from some defect sites on the MoS 2 basal plane to form monolayer pits, and second, the exposed Mo layer forms small clusters which catalyze the further gasification of the sulfur layer, thus enhancing the number of edge atoms. At low reaction pressures, these two processes remove mainly the top sandwich layer and no Mo particles channel into the top sulfur layer. However, at high pressure or temperature, the gasification is dominated by the motion of the Mo particles which then produce high-density channel structures on the surface. Adding thiophene to H 2 retards the gasification of MoS 2 , suggesting the active catalytic sites are the atoms at the steps on the surface. Ni and Co catalyze the gasification of MoS 2 and greatly increase the total number of edge sites.
Paraprofessionals in Job Coach Roles

The purpose of this article is to examine issues related to paraprofessionals in job coach roles for students with disabilities. Postschool outcomes of students with disabilities are partially depe...
Screening for CAD in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes did not reduce risk for cardiac events

Source Citation Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized contr...
The Secret Knowledge of Peacemaking

In this article, the author tells stories of relationship conflict in which the trajectory of the conflict narrative is disturbed by one of the participants instigating a shift to a different story line. He analyzes these shifts in terms of narrative theory and accounts for them in terms outlined in the narrative mediation literature, interrogating the knowledge called upon by the protagonists to initiate these narrative shifts. This knowledge seems to be pragmatic knowledge, local knowledge, and performative knowledge, with implications for professional practice. Practitioners are urged to be alert for opportunities to privilege such knowledge.
Policies and Practices for LGBT Clients: Perspectives of Mental Health Services Administrators

Nine administrators of mental health agencies were interviewed by phone about policies, practices, and experiences they perceived to be helpful and unhelpful for LGBT clients in their agencies. A holistic case study approach was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Five salient factors that reflected the themes present across multiple cases were identified: responding to transgender clients, coordination of services within and outside the agency, connection with other LGBT individuals, availability and visibility of openly gay staff, and power and position of LGBT-affirming and LGBT-nonaffirming staff. Each salient factor is described and illustrated by case material. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
CONTINUED OCCURRENCE OF INVASIVE DISEASE DUE TO GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI (GABS) IN CHILDREN IN NORTH CAROLINA. 1018

CONTINUED OCCURRENCE OF INVASIVE DISEASE DUE TO GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI (GABS) IN CHILDREN IN NORTH CAROLINA. 1018
Open science, open security

We propose that to address the growing problems with complexity and data volumes in HPC security wee need to refactor how we look at data by creating tools that not only select data, but analyze and represent it in a manner well suited for intuitive analysis. We propose a set of rules describing what this means, and provide a number of production quality tools that represent our current best effort in implementing these ideas.
The decomposition of n-Butanol over salt-impregnated alumina

Abstract n -Butanol decomposes at 260 °C to water, n -butyl ether, and butenes with alumina as catalyst. Impregnation of aqueous LiCl, NaCl, KCl, or CaCl 2 deactivates the alumina, although in some cases a promotional effect at low salt concentration was observed. In certain experiments there was a trace of dehydrogenation, with the formation of butyraldehyde. Activity as a function of the amount of salt added was studied. For both LiCl, which apparently reacts irreversibly with Al 2 O 3 , and the other salts, which react reversibly, the group of catalytic sites is within, and smaller than, the group of sites which react with salt. Probably alcohols as well as salts react with noncatalytic sites. Our results and certain conclusions others have made indicate that the alcohol-alumina reaction is complex. It is shown that the number of active sites may be very small. If so, the complexity of the alcohol-alumina reaction and the catalytic results are more easily reconciled.
Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence and medication errors among HIV-infected injection drug users.

Background Active drug use is often associated with poor adherence, but few studies have determined psychosocial correlates of adherence in injection drug users (IDUs). Methods Of 1161 Intervention for Seropositive Injectors-Research and Evaluation study enrollees, 636 were taking antiretrovirals. We assessed self-reported adherence to self-reported antiretroviral regimens and medication errors, which we defined as daily doses that were inconsistent with standard or alternative antiretroviral prescriptions. Results Most subjects (75%, n=477) self-reported good (>or=90%) adherence, which was strongly associated with an undetectable viral load. Good adherence was independently associated with being a high school graduate, not sharing injection equipment, fewer depressive symptoms, positive attitudes toward antiretrovirals, higher self-efficacy for taking antiretrovirals as prescribed, and greater sense of responsibility to protect others from HIV. Medication errors were made by 54% (n=346) and were strongly associated with a detectable viral load and fewer CD4 cells. Errors were independently associated with nonwhite race and with depressive symptoms, poorer self-efficacy for safer drug use, and worse attitudes toward HIV medications. Conclusions Modifiable factors associated with poor adherence, including depressive symptoms and poor self-efficacy, should be targeted for intervention. Because medication errors are prevalent and associated with a detectable viral load and fewer CD4 cells, interventions should include particular efforts to identify medication taking inconsistent with antiretroviral prescriptions.
Muscarinic 2 receptors modulate cardiac proteasome function in a protein kinase G-dependent manner

Proteasome function insufficiency and inadequate protein quality control are strongly implicated in a large subset of cardiovascular disease and may play an important role in their pathogenesis. Protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system can be physiologically regulated. Cardiac muscarinic 2 (M2) receptors were pharmacologically interrogated in intact mice and cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Proteasome-mediated proteolysis was measured with a surrogate misfolded protein, proteasome peptidase assay, and by characterizing key proteasome subunits. Successful M2 receptor manipulation in cardiomyocytes was determined by measuring an endogenous protein substrate, and in mice, the cardiovascular physiological response. M2 receptor stimulation was associated with increased proteasome-mediated proteolysis and enhanced peptidase activities, while M2 receptor inhibition yielded opposing results. Additionally, M2 receptor manipulation did not alter abundance of the key proteasome subunits, Rpt6 and β5, but significantly shifted their isoelectric points. Inhibition of protein kinase G abrogated the stimulatory effects on proteasome-mediated proteolysis from M2 receptor activation. We conclude that M2 receptor stimulation enhances, whereas M2 receptor inhibition reduces, proteasome-mediated proteolysis likely through posttranslational modifications. Protein kinase G appears to be the mediator of the M2 receptors actions.
Glucocorticoid action on the growth and development of insects

Cortisol increased growth and differentiation in the large milkweed insect (Oncopeltus fasciatus). The glucocorticoid significantly increased the growth of the insect as analyzed by wet and dry weights. Cortisol also stimulated the development of the insects over that of the controls during the six day bioassay.
AMAZONIA, 11,000+ B.C. TO A.D. 1491

(2006). Amazonia, 11,000+ B.C. TO A.D. 1491. Geographical Review: Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 496-499.
The synthesis of poly‐L‐amino acids and their characterization by size exclusion chromatography with low‐angle laser light scattering (SEC‐LALLS/UV/DRI)

The synthesis and characterization of polyamino acids are described in this paper. Detailed polymerization descriptions of newly synthesized polyamino acids are discussed. The final polyamino acids were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectra, and low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS). LALLS was used to determine the weight average molecular weight (MW) indicating the extent of the polymerization procedure. Isocratic size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to a tri-detection system consisting of a LALLS, ultraviolet/visible detector (UV/VIS), and a modified differential refractive index detector (DRI) was used to calculate on-line specific refractive index increment (dn/dc), MW, percent recovery, and polydispersity, all in one injection once one determines the on-line molar absorptivity value of the synthesized polyamino acid. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of ambient NO2 with quantification and elimination of interferences.

Ambient detection of NO2 by cavity ring-down spectroscopy is examined in the wavelength region near 405.23 nm, and possible interferences by particulates, water vapor, and carbon dioxide are characterized. Particulates can be efficiently removed by the use of a 0.45 μm fluoropolymer filter. Water vapor has a response of 2.8 ppb (NO2 equivalent) for 1.0% water vapor (80% relative humidity at 10 °C) in air at 405.23 nm in a broad continuous absorption feature. Carbon dioxide has a response of 0.8 ppb (NO2 equivalent) for 1.0% CO2 attributable to Rayleigh scattering and would not contribute significant interference in ambient measurements due to the lower ambient CO2 levels. Water vapor interference and in general broad background in the absorption spectrum can be accounted for by removing NO2 selectively in the ambient air stream with an annular denuder coated with sodium hydroxide and methoxyphenol (guiacol). Subtraction of the resulting background signal provides NO2 measurements with a limit of detection...
Effects of salicylates and other drugs on experimental serum disease.

Abstract 1.1. Massive doses of sodium salicylate in rabbits were found to prolong the prothrombin time (Dicumarol effect) and to cause a reduction in thymus weight (toxic effect). In some rabbits with experimental serum disease, it also caused a decrease in the precipitin titers and a depression of the immediate mesenchymal reactions in heart, lungs, and spleen which are believed to be instrumental in antibody production. Allergic arteritis on the other hand was not depressed. 2.2. Dicumarol in effective doses prolonged the prothrombin time and interfered with precipitin titration both in vivo and in vitro. It did not, however, decrease thymus weight, the immediate mesenchymal reactions, or allergic arteritis. As the precipitin reaction was depressed in vitro, the diminished yield in precipitin is interpreted as caused by direct interference with the precipitin reaction. 3.3. Colchicine used for its known toxic effect on lymphoid tissue caused a marked decrease in thymus weight, the immediate mesenchymal reactions, and the precipitin titers. It also abolished the allergic arteritis which is believed to be an antigen-antibody reaction. 4.4. These observations seem to show that the efficacy of massive salicylate therapy in hypersensitive diseases is a complex one. It appears to be conditioned in part by its anticoagulant effect (Dicumarol effect) and depressing effect upon the antibody forming lymphoid cells (toxic effect). The former action enhances, the latter depresses the occurrence of an Arthus phenomenon.
Simultaneous determination of citrus limonoid aglycones and glucosides by high performance liquid chromatography

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of limonoid aglycones and glucosides on a reversed phase C18 column using a binary solvent system, coupled with diode array detector. Seven limonoids such as limonin, nomilin, isolimonic acid, ichangin, isoobacunoic acid, limonin 17-beta-D glucopyranoside and deacetyl nomilinic acid 17-beta-D glucopyranoside were separated and detected at 210 nm. Furthermore, limonoids were separated, identified and quantified in four varieties of citrus fruits and seeds using developed method. Limonin and limonin glucoside were found to be the predominant limonoid aglycone and glucoside, respectively, in all tested samples. The sensitivity of the method was found to be 0.25-0.50 microg for tested limonoids.
Inside the Lévy Dragon

(2002). Inside the Levy Dragon. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 109, No. 8, pp. 689-703.
UNCOOKED CORNSTARCH (UCS) REGIMENS FOR NOCTURNAL TREATMENT OF YOUNG ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE (GSD-1). † 588

UNCOOKED CORNSTARCH (UCS) REGIMENS FOR NOCTURNAL TREATMENT OF YOUNG ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE (GSD-1). † 588
Concept, modeling, and fabrication techniques for large-stroke piezoelectric unimorph deformable mirrors

Large-stroke micromachined deformable mirror technology can boost the imaging performance of an otherwise non-rigid, lower-quality telescope structure. The proposed deformable mirror concept in this paper combines a microfabricated large-stroke piezoelectric actuator with a reflective membrane “transferred” in its entirety from a separate wafer. This process allows the large-stroke actuation of the continuous membrane and can provide the necessary large wavefront correction. The micromachined deformable mirror approach allows mass-production of actuators as well as scalable structures with, high actuator densities. The piezoelectric unimorph actuator design approach delivers large actuator stroke with a highly localized influence function, while maintaining a surface figure of optical quality. Both of these component fabrication techniques are easily scaled to accommodate deformable mirrors with very large areas.
Behavioral State Control through Differential Serotonergic Inhibition in the Mesopontine Cholinergic Nuclei: A Simultaneous Unit Recording and Microdialysis Study

Cholinergic neurons of the mesopontine nuclei are strongly implicated in behavioral state regulation. One population of neurons in the cholinergic zone of the laterodorsal tegmentum and the pedunculopontine nuclei, referred to as rapid eye movement (REM)-on neurons, shows preferential discharge activity during REM sleep, and extensive data indicate a key role in production of this state. Another neuronal group present in the same cholinergic zone of the laterodorsal tegmentum and the pedunculopontine nuclei, referred to as Wake/REM-on neurons, shows preferential discharge activity during both wakefulness and REM sleep and is implicated in the production of electroencephalographic activation in both of these states. To test the hypothesis of differential serotonergic inhibition as an explanation of the different state-related discharge activity, we developed a novel methodology that enabled, in freely behaving animals, simultaneous unit recording and local perfusion of neuropharmacological agents using a microdialysis probe adjacent to the recording electrodes. Discharge activity of REM-on neurons was almost completely suppressed by local microdialysis perfusion of the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), although this agonist had minimal or no effect on the Wake/REM-on neurons. We conclude that selective serotonergic inhibition is a basis of differential state regulation in the mesopontine cholinergic nuclei, and that the novel methodology combining neurophysiological and neuropharmacological information from the freely behaving animal shows great promise for further insight into the neural basis of behavioral control.
Remembering the Present: Painting and Popular History in Zaire

Remembering the Present: Painting and Popular History in Zaire. Johannes Fabian. Narrative and paintings by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996. 348 pp.
Cardiac Ultrasound in Stroke Investigation

This chapter describes various aspects of cardiac ultrasound in stroke investigation. The value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for stratification of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation was established in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation trial. TTE also plays a major role in the assessment of stroke risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction prone to development of left ventricular mural thrombus. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is increasingly employed as a window on pathogenetic processes related to thromboembolism not readily accessible by other diagnostic technology. In comparison with TTE, visualization of the heart by TEE offers the advantages of higher transducer frequency and proximity, resulting in improved imaging resolution of the left atrium, appendage, endocardium, and aortic intima. Optimal ultrasound examination of the left atrial appendage is obtained with biplane TEE. Although adequately visualized by routine gray-scale imaging, the B-color modality may allow more confident differentiation of thrombi from the ruffled wall. False readings produced by a small pectinate muscle or appendicular rugae can be minimized by thorough interrogation in multiple planes and by B-color imaging. It is found that TEE has been helpful in younger patients with stroke without clinical evidence of heart disease, though the yield is greater in the presence of TTE abnormalities.
Return to work in traumatic brain injury (TBI): A perspective on capacity for job complexity

In the traumatic brain injury (TBI) vocational literature there have been limited, but conflicting findings relative to job complexity and work reentry. This study follows 140 workers at the time of injury and examines return to work and maintenance within the context of job complexity at three to five years postinjury. Job complexity was examined as a function of US Department of Labor ratings of the Reasoning Development and Specific Vocational Preparation ratings required for each job held and hours worked. Subgroup comparisons were made across three subgroups: 1) job-maintainers, 2) those unable to sustain work after returning, and 3) those who could never return to work. The subgroup that was chiefly able to maintain complex work, according to U.S. Department of Labor ratings, was more likely to be of female gender, had fewer alcohol problems, was less severely injured and showed significantly better neuropsychological functioning. Those unable to sustain work had between 1.7 and 2.6 chance of holding a job with less complexity and hours at time of termination. There were no differences between these first two groups on involvement in the broader US Department of Labor occupational classification categories. The final subgroup, that was never able to work, showed both more severe injury and more neuropsychological impairment.
Fracture Behavior of Chemically-Vapor-Deposited SiC-Coated Graphite: I, Experimental Results

CVD SiC coatings on polycrystalline graphite substrates exhibited a crack arrest/multiple cracking phenomenon when fractured in four-point flexure. This fracture behavior appeared to be controlled by the magnitude of the coating thickness. When the coating thickness exceeded ∼50 μm, catastrophic failure of the sample was observed. However, when the coating thickness was less than ∼50 μm, crack arrest and multiple cracking were observed in the tensile coating surface before catastrophic failure of the composite. In order to understand the fracture behavior of the layered composites, it was necessary to characterize coating thickness and strength as well as the fracture toughness of the substrate and the state of residual stress in the system.
Convergence of products of matrices in projective spaces

Let Ak;k 2N be a sequence of n£n complex valued matrices which converge to a matrix A. If A and each Ak is positive then the product A
Measurement of denitrification in rivers: an integrated, whole reach approach

Rivers are believed to play an important role in nitrogen removal via denitrification. Unfortunately, there are few data quantifying these processes in situ, primarily due to methodological constraints. We have developed a new approach for estimating denitrification in rivers at the whole reach scale and have applied this approach to three small rivers, the Millstone River in central New Jersey, and the Iroquois River and Sugar Creek in northwest Indiana–northeast Illinois (USA). The approach is based on measuring the change in dissolved N2 concentration as a parcel of water moves downstream. Two volatile, non-reactive tracers (propane and isobutane) were co-injected, and the rate of change in the ratio of these gases was used to calculate a first-order transfer rate of N2 (KN2 )t o correct for loss of the gas to the atmosphere. Nitrogen removal via denitrification ranged between 0.27 ± 1.21 mmol N m −2 h −1 in Sugar Creek during May 2000 and 15.81 ± 2.51 mmol N m −2 h −1 in the Millstone River during March 2001. This approach could permit testing of factors that are believed to control denitrification at the reach scale, such as nitrate concentration, discharge, temperature, and water residence time, and could provide a clearer picture of nitrogen transformations in rivers.
Seismic Response Evaluation of Meloland Road Overpass Using 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake Records

During the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, an array of 26 strong-motion accelerometers produced records for the Meloland Road Overpass, a two-span reinforced concrete bridge structure located only 0.5 km away from the causative fault for this earthquake event. This paper describes the application of a new system identification methodology to the array of strong-motion measurements, in order to assess seismic response characteristics of this bridge. Results of this application show that (1) linear models provide an excellent fit to the measured motions of the bridge, despite the fact that it was subjected to very strong shaking; (2) the transverse response of the structure is controlled by its abutment motions, with no significant dynamic amplification in the deck; and (3) the vertical response of the bridge deck at the midlength of its spans is dominated by a single vertical translational mode whereas, above the central pier, the deck's vertical response is most affected by the vertical motions of the pier base and by torsion of the deck. Also, systematic estimates of modal damping ratios and qualitative assessments of states of stress developed in the bridge during the earthquake are provided.
Job satisfaction among nurse assistants employed in nursing homes: An analysis of selected job characteristics

Abstract The quality of life of residents of nursing homes depends heavily upon the work of nurse assistants (also known as nurse aides). However, beyond basic demographic data, little is currently known about this highly important category of care providers. This study explores the relationships between selected job characteristics and job satisfaction of 138 nurse assistants employed in nursing homes in Ohio. Factor analyses reveal four dimensions among these job characteristics. These dimension are labeled supervision, personal recognition, family/ work conflict, and qualifications. Only qualifications fail to show a significant correlation with the nurse assistants' levels of job satisfaction. The strongest relationship is with supervision. The implications of the findings for job satisfaction and job performance among nurse assistants are discussed.