cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of PDES on Multi-core Clusters

Trends in VLSI and micro architecture design have ushered in the multi-core era, where the number of cores on a chip is expected to grow with every processor generation. Soon, each chip will have a large number of tightly integrated processing cores with communication latencies substantially lower than those present in conventional clusters. Clusters made of such microprocessors experience non-uniform latencies between cores: cores on the same chip can communicate faster than cores on different chips, cores on the same machine can communicate faster than cores on different machines. In this paper, we characterize the performance of PDES models on a cluster of dual quad-core machines using a parameterizable modified version of Phold, a standard benchmark for parallel simulation. We study various combinations of regional and remote communication patterns to quantify the impact of communication on overall performance of simulation. We discover that the amount of communication has determining impact and it’s essential to optimize this communication at each level to take maximum advantage of multi-core platform. We show that partitioning significantly improves performance. We also explore the impact of load imbalance on application performance and provide critical insight into how to partition for these different environments. We believe that this study represents a significant first step in characterizing the performance space for PDES on this emerging platform.
Methadone-induced bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss ☆,☆☆,★,★★

Methadone, a long-acting opiate agonist, and naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, are both commonly used to treat patients with morphine and heroin addiction. We present a rare case of methadone-induced persistent bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after chronic naltrexone use and review opioid-induced hearing loss in the literature. Methadone-induced hearing loss has been described previously described in the literature with all reported cases recovering functional hearing. This is the first description of persistent bilateral severe SNHL following methadone ingestion. We propose opiate receptor sensitization from prolonged naltrexone use as a predisposing factor for methadone-induced irreversible cochlear injury.
Thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration.

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem and are noted much more commonly on imaging examinations than are apparent by palpation. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), which yields a cytology specimen for analysis, is the standard test to determine whether surgical removal of a detected nodule is recommended. This article will review the current guidelines for recommending FNA of thyroid nodules, the technique and risk of the procedure, and the implications for patient care based on FNA results. FNA has an essential role in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules to reduce the rate of unnecessary thyroid surgery for patients with benign nodules and triage patients with thyroid cancer to appropriate surgery. Before the routine use of FNA, approximately 14% of resected thyroid nodules were malignant, whereas with the current widespread use of thyroid nodule FNA, >50% of resected thyroid nodules are malignant. 1 Historically, thyroid nodules were identified by physical examination of the neck, with a prevalence of approximately 5%-10% of adults in the United States, and these patients underwent palpation-guided FNA in the physician's office. In recent years, the increased use of sonography to examine the thyroid as well as cross-sectional imaging of the neck by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has resulted in the detection of many nonpalpable nodules. In older adults, thyroid nodules may be detected in >67% of people screened by sonography. 2 Fortunately, the vast majority of nodules are benign, but when they are discovered, an assessment regarding the need to exclude malignancy using FNA must be performed.
The role of Alnus in improving the forest environment

Worldwide experience indicates that alder contributes significantly to the supply of nitrogen in the ecosystem. This contribution markedly benefits soil fertility. A definite potential exists for employing alder in forest management in much the same way that legumes are utilized in agriculture. Current research indicates also thatAlnus rubra may play a significant role in controllingPoria weirii, a virulent root pathogen which causes extensive losses of commercial timber tree species in western North America and Japan.
Buena Vista Solidarity and the Axis of Aid: Cuban and Venezuelan Public Diplomacy

Eager to capitalize on the sensationalist appeal of a new anti-U.S. “axis,” the international press often perpetuates a perception that Cuba and Venezuela are, in spirit and in deed, inseparable. Such depictions diminish the significant differences in the ways and the success with which each country promotes its image abroad. Although Cuba and Venezuela employ many of the same public diplomacy tactics to advance their related anti-U.S. worldviews, the Cuban regime has proven much more successful at playing the role of the victim and using this position as a way to increase its international legitimacy. Likewise, Cuba is far more sophisticated at employing cultural products to support diverse political, diplomatic, and economic ends—many of which arguably serve a market-oriented purpose rather than a strictly anti-imperialist or antiglobalization agenda.
Genome juggling by transposons: Tam3-induced rearrangements in Antirrhinum majus

Transposable elements are well known for their ability to generate large- and small-scale rearrangements of the sequences flanking their insertion sites. These include deletions, inversions, and duplications. Tam3, a transposon from the Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), is highly active in the generation of such rearrangements. We have analysed a number of Tam3-induced rearrangements at the nivea (niv) locus by Southern blotting, cloning, and sequence determination. The data obtained from these analyses have led to an understanding of the mechanisms by which these complex alleles were formed. We have shown that the primary rearrangements usually occur without excision of the element and therefore result from aberrant transposition attempts. Subsequent rearrangements may occur on excision of the element. Finally, we suggest how the analysis of such rearrangements may not only provide information about Tam3 transposition but also show how transposon-induced rearrangements may influence the structure and function of the genome as a whole.
Measuring helical FCG voltage with an electric field antenna

A method of measuring the voltage produced by a helical explosive flux compression generator using a remote electric field antenna is described in detail. The diagnostic has been successfully implemented on several experiments. Measured data from the diagnostic compare favorably with voltages predicted using the code CAGEN [1], validating our predictive modeling tools. The measured data is important to understanding generator performance, and is measured with a low-risk, minimally intrusive approach.
Roles of the Dal82p Domains in Allophanate/Oxalurate-dependent Gene Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Allophanate/oxalurate-induced gene expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae requires at least five transcription factors, four of which act positively (Gln3p, Gat1p, Dal81p, and Dal82p) and one negatively (Dal80p). Gln3p binds to and Gat1p is proposed to bind to single GATA sequences; Dal80p binds to pairs of specifically oriented and spaced GATA sequences, and Dal82p binds to a pathway-specific element, UISALL. Dal82p consists of at least three domains as follows: (i) UISALLDNA-binding, (ii) transcriptional activation, and (iii) coiled-coilDAL82. Here we show that the coiled-coilDAL82 domain possesses two demonstrable functions. (i) It prevents Dal82p-mediated transcription when inducer is absent. (ii) It is a major, although not exclusive, domain through which the inducer signal is received. Supporting the latter conclusion, a 38-amino acid fragment, containing little more than the coiled-coilDAL82 domain, supports oxalurate-inducible, Dal81p-dependent, reporter gene transcription. Dal81p is required for inducer responsiveness of LexAp-Dal82p and LexAp coiled-coilDAL82-mediated transcription but isn't needed for inducer-dependent activation mediated by a Dal82p containing deletions in both the coiled-coilDAL82, UISALL-binding domains. There may be an interaction between Dal81p and the coiled-coilDAL82 domain since (i) Dal81p is required for transcription mediated by LexA-coiled-coilDAL82p and (ii) a Dal81p-Dal82p complex is detected by two-hybrid assay.
Fourth ventricular injection of selective bombesin receptor antagonists facilitates feeding in rats

Exogenous bombesin (BN)-like peptides exert their effects on feeding through caudal brain stem BN-like peptides and their receptors. To determine if endogenous BN-like peptides are involved in the control of feeding and exert their actions on caudal brain stem neurons, nondeprived rats were administered fourth ventricular injections of either saline or BN receptor antagonists in the following doses: 5 and 25 ng [D-Phe12,Leu14]BN or 5 ng [D-Phe6]BN(6-13)methyl ester. Milk intake was measured every 5 min and each animal's behavior (eating, grooming, exploring, resting) was monitored every 1 min for 60 min. Compared with saline injections, fourth ventricular injections of 25 ng [D-Phe12,Leu14]BN and 5 ng [D-Phe6]BN(6-13)methyl ester reliably facilitated milk intake. The enhanced milk intake was evident within 5 min after the injection and persisted throughout the 1-h intake test. The behavioral sequence following fourth ventricular injections of saline and the antagonists that facilitated feeding were similar. Injections of [D-Phe12,Leu14]BN and [D-Phe6]BN(6-13)methyl ester did not produce a generalized arousal. The results indicate that food-contingent, endogenous BN-like peptides contribute to the termination of feeding and exert their behavior-controlling actions on BN-like peptide receptors in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle.
Socioeconomic Status, Risk of Obesity, and the Importance of Albert J. Stunkard

Albert J. Stunkard’s influential career in obesity research spanned over 50 years and included several landmark studies on social factors related to obesity. This review discusses the important contributions Stunkard made to research on the relationship between socioeconomic status socioeconomic status and obesity, extensions of his work, and reflects on Stunkard’s role in the mentoring of succeeding generations of scientists.
The Effects of Elevated Temperature Deformation on Nanocrystalline Titanium-Aluminum

Nanocrystalline titanium aluminum powder, of composition Ti-48Al, was synthesized using a Fritsch planetary ball mill with a grain size of approximately 10nm. The powder was compacted into cylindrical specimens with a relative density of 79% and subjected to uniaxial compressive loading at 600°C in a mechanical testing machine. From these results, the deformation of nanocrystalline titanium aluminum is examined with relation to the applied load and the resulting grain structure. The results suggest a grain refining mechanism occurring during the deformation process.
Vibrational spectra and structure of some silicon containing compounds—IV: Normal vibrations and free rotation in phenylsilane

Abstract The i.r. spectra of liquid and gaseous phenylsilane and gaseous phenylsilane- d 3 have been recorded from 3500 to 33 cm −1 . The Raman spectra of the liquids have also been recorded and depolarization values have been measured. The vapor-phase spectra show that the silyl group is “freely” rotating in these molecules. Thus, the local symmetry of the phenyl group is C 2 v , and the vibrations have been assigned according to this symmetry. The effective symmetry of the SiH 3 group is essentially C 3 v . These spectra have been interpreted in detail, and the 39 fundamental vibrations have been assigned by consideration of previous assignments for the phenyl moiety, depolarization ratios and vapor-phase i.r. band contours. The “free rotation” of the silyl group shows that the sixfold barrier to internal rotation around the Si-C bond is quite small. The vibrations of silyl and silyl- d 3 group have also been identified in spectra obtained by the matrix (argon and krypton) isolation technique.
289 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA LEVELS IN RESPONSE TO PATHOGENIC STIMULI IN THE DEVELOPING GUT OF EMBRYONIC AND NEWBORN MICE.

Background Prematurity is the most important risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Premature infants may exhibit a high risk of NEC due to developmental immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and inability to respond appropriately to pathogenic stimuli, as compared to a more mature intestine. Purpose We used TNF-alpha as a proinflammatory marker to assess the inflammatory response to pathogenic bacteria and their products, during late embryonic and early postnatal gut development. Methods Timed pregnancies in C57BL/6J mice allowed accurate dating of neonatal mice. These mice were sacrificed at embryonic day 18 (sterile gut) and at postnatal days +16 and +21 for development of an ex vivo system of mouse intestinal infection. Intestines were isolated in 2 cm sections and surgically opened lengthwise to expose epithelia. Intestinal sections were washed in warm HBSS+ and then treated with or without wild-type Salmonella typhimurium or LPS in RPMI media at 37C, 5% CO 2 for 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Media was collected for further analysis. Proinflammatory response was measured by ELISA for TNF-alpha. Summary of Results Older mice demonstrated a larger proinflammatory response, as measured by increased TNF-alpha secretion, as compared to the embryonic day 18 mice. Peak response occurred 2-3 hours after being stimulated by the bacteria or LPS. Conclusions Our preliminary data indicate that the immature intestine is not appropriately responding to pathogenic stimuli. We further speculate that initial colonization of the neonatal intestine with normal flora may play a key role in regulating this response. Further experiments with gnotobiotic mice will help delineate the exchange of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signals involved.
Analysis on rolling characteristics of test flight vehicle with free-rolling tail

A kind of technical approach(i.e.free-rolling tail) is used for solving the problem of canard configuration missile in which canard rudder cann't simultaneously finish differential motion and rolling control as aileron.In order to verify the feasibility of free-rolling tail scheme for canard configuration test flight vehicle,two kinds of test-flight vehicle models with fixed-rolling and free-rolling tail were tested by means of the wind tunnel experiment.The experimental results show that for test-flight vehicle with fixed-rolling tail,when canard rudder used as aileron deflects to conduct rolling control,a large induced rolling moment is produced on the tail to offset control moment of canard rudder,which may cause canard rudder unable to conduct rolling control.The free-rolling tail can effectively reduce induced rolling moment so as to realize rolling control of the missile by means of canard rudder.
Oncogenesis recapitulates embryogenesis via the hypoxia pathway: morphoproteomics and biomedical analytics provide proof of concept and therapeutic options.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia (3 to 5% oxygen) is essential in maintaining the plasticity of embryonic stem cells and permitting their transformation via epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition(MET) into tissues and organs of the developing fetus. Similarly, a relatively hypoxic microenvironment supports the development of tumor cells with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal properties and capabilities. At the same time, such adaptation results in the tumor cells becoming relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy and promotes intravasation into blood vessels with metastasis. In this context, current therapeutic strategies designed to target tumoral angiogenesis could promote stemness and EMT by rendering tumor cells more hypoxic, leading to chemoradioresistance and metastatic and recurrent disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to present a conceptual model that illustrates the impact of an hypoxic microenvironment on the signal transduction pathways involved in the hypoxia pathway. We will show the molecular connectivity and correlative association of these pathways with protein analytes in both embryogenesis and oncogenesis in order to strengthen our hypothesis that oncogenesis recapitulates embryogenesis. Finally, we propose to use the model as a basis for the construction of combinatorial, therapeutic options from existing pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents that may obviate tumoral adaptation to hypoxia. METHODS: Morphoproteomics and biomedical analytics. APPLICATION AND RESULTS: Archival data retrieved from morphoproteomic analysis of glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) cases revealed proteomic correlates of tumoral necrosis and associated hypoxia pathway signaling. Biomedical analytics using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed comparative validation of the hypoxia pathway, as demonstrated by morphoproteomics in GBM, both with the hypoxia-induced genes in neuroblastoma and with the networks associated with embryogenesis. Additionally, therapeutic agents known to have activity against various components of the hypoxia pathway (identified by morphoproteomic analysis in GBM) were validated using UNIPROT identifiers entered into IPA and Path Designer. These therapies also connected with the hypoxia signature in neuroblastoma and embryogenesis. CONCLUSION: The application of morphoproteomics to define the presence of an adaptive hypoxia pathway in GBM accords with biomedical analytics in the demonstration of concordant interaction with the hypoxia signature in neuroblastoma and embryogenesis, providing proof of concept that oncogenesis recapitulates embryogenesis. This approach also validates a new combinatorial therapeutic strategy targeting the hypoxia pathway and designed to prevent tumoral adaptation, chemoradioresistance and recurrent disease.
Infantile Subdural Hematomas

Analysis is provided of a series of subdural hematomas in infants treated at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana. Etiology, pathology, clinical findings, treatment, and results are discussed.
Apical acidification induces paracellular injury in canine gastric mucosal monolayers

We used primary monolayer cultures of enzyme-dispersed canine oxyntic mucosal cells mounted in Ussing chambers to characterize the apical barrier to H+. [3H]mannitol flux (MF) and [14C]inulin flux (IF) were used as size probes for tight junctions. Apical H+ produced a three-phase effect. In phase 1, as the apical pH was decreased from 7 to about 2.5, resistance (R) increased, but short-circuit current (Isc) did not change. In phase 2, an increased paracellular permeability developed at pH below 2.5-1.7, evidenced by decreased R and increased MF but not IF. Size sieving and monolayer integrity were preserved, and this paracellular leak was either fully reversed or stabilized by apical neutralization, depending on the duration of the paracellular leak. In phase 3, after sustained exposure to an apical pH below approximately 2, transepithelial integrity was lost; R decreased to fluid R, and both MF and IF increased. Basolateral acidification below pH 5.5 produced rapid monolayer disruption. Low concentrations of cytochalasin D (CD) decreased R and increased MF but not IF; apical acidification to pH 4 after CD increased R and decreased the MF, indicating reduced paracellular permeability by apical H+. Apical amiloride did not alter Isc; however, after 48 h of treatment with hydrocortisone and insulin, an amiloride-sensitive Isc component became evident. Our data indicate that the increase in R observed with apical acidification reflects decreased paracellular permeability and that the earliest injury with apical acidification is a selective paracellular leak.
Probable Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus With the Use of High-Dose Continuous Infusion Ceftazidime.

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are a major concern of health care providers due to their increasing incidence and associated mortality. In some cases, few or no antibiotics have preserved activity. Beta-lactam administration via continuous infusion can optimize time over minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In some cases, use of high-dose continuous infusion (HDCI) may be necessary to achieve serum levels in excess of nonsusceptible MIC values. The use of HDCI beta-lactams is not without risk, specifically neurotoxic adverse effects, which appear dose related. We describe a 64-year-old male who experienced myoclonus and nonconvulsive status epilepticus while receiving HDCI ceftazidime for treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. This report serves as a cautionary example of the potential toxicities associated with HDCI beta-lactams and supports the importance of risk–benefit analysis prior to and during treatment. Additionally, the use of serum drug level moni...
Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The landscape of systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has dramatically changed with the introduction of targeted agents including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Recently, multiple new agents including growth factor receptor antagonists and a checkpoint inhibitor were approved for the treatment of refractory metastatic RCC based on encouraging benefit shown in clinical trials.Areas covered: The background and biological rationale of existing treatment options including a brief discussion of clinical trials which led to their approval, is presented. This is followed by reviewing the limitations of these therapeutic options, medical need to develop new treatments and major goals of ongoing research. We then discuss two recently approved growth factor receptor antagonists i.e. cabozantinib and lenvatinib, and a recently approved checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, and issues pertaining to drug development, and future directions in treatment of ...
Positioning a time-varying number of targets by a wireless sensor network

In this paper we address the problem of positioning of multiple targets based on measurements obtained by sensors comprising a sensor network. The measurements represent a superposition of signals that carry information about the positions of the various targets. The sensors send the sensed information to a fusion center that combines the received data from all the sensors and carries out necessary computations. The number of targets may vary with time in an unknown way. We propose a particle filtering-based method for detecting the number of active targets and for estimating their positions. The particle filtering was carried out on data that represent measurements of acoustic signals, but it can also be applied to other types of signals. We provide simulations that show the performance of the particle filtering method in scenarios with one and two targets.
FRI0577 A National Electronic Health Record-Enabled Registry in Rheumatology: The Acr's Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE)

Background In 2014, the ACR launched the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE), a national electronic health record (EHR)-enabled registry. RISE passively collects data from EHRs of participating practices, provides advanced quality measurement and data analytic capacities, and can be used to fulfill national quality reporting requirements. Here we detail the characteristics of practices participating in RISE, patient characteristics and performance on several nationally endorsed quality measures. Methods RISE is a national Qualified Clinical Data Registry (QCDR), allowing collection of data on quality of care without individual patient informed consent. Participating practices enter a Data Use Agreement with the ACR, after which local data are mapped, validated and uploaded regularly to the central registry. Practices can access an analytics dashboard that allows review of up-to-date information on quality measures by provider and practice as well as national benchmarks. RISE currently includes data on numerous quality measures regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA), drug safety, osteoporosis prevention and treatment, low back pain, and preventive health care (e.g. smoking, blood pressure management). We analyzed data between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2015 to characterize practices and patients captured in RISE. We also calculated performance on several RA quality measures endorsed by the National Quality Forum (DMARD use, disease activity measurement, functional status measurement). Results During the dates examined, RISE included data on 239,302 patients, including 60,354 with RA (Table). Three hundred twelve clinicians across 55 sites contributed data to RISE. Characteristics of patients in RISE are summarized in the Table. For the subset of patients with RA, 50.7% of patients had a disease activity score recorded, 53.2% had a functional status score recorded, and 82.1% were taking a DMARD, as defined by national quality measures. For DMARDs, 34.4% of patients with RA were on brand name biologic or small molecule drug at their last encounter, and 67.0% were receiving a non-biologic DMARD. Conclusions The ACR9s national EHR-enabled registry will provide critical infrastructure for improving quality of care in rheumatology and will serve as a unique data source to generate new knowledge regarding rheumatic disease. Data validation and mapping is ongoing and RISE will be available to both the research and clinical community to use to advance rheumatology. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning

The U.S. Government has set a goal of reducing the prevalence of food insecurity to 6% or less by 2010. To achieve this goal, education and action are necessary. Youth in Oregon were introduced to the issue through the role playing simulation, Are You Hungry Tonight? The simulation was utilized with youth, adult volunteers, and youth development staff. Participants indicated increased understanding of people with limited resources, including: Financial pressures, emotional stresses and frustrations they face; Difficulty of improving one’s situation; Difficult choices people make; Positive and negative impacts of community organizations. Simulation participants developed an understanding of hunger issues and empathy for people experiencing food insecurity. Participants were subsequently challenged to complete service learning projects that would help provide additional food resources for their communities. Providing education through the simulation set the stage for youth to participate fully in service learning projects to help alleviate hunger.
Regional differences in the determinants of Oregon VMT

Abstract Road user charges (RUCs) in the form of per mile charges have been suggested as an alternative to fuel taxes to help keep up with the costs of maintaining and expanding public road systems. The success of a RUC in providing for the long term stability of highway finance depends partly on how drivers respond to changes in the tax structure and also other determinants of driving behavior. Region specific characteristics, such as public transit accessibility and biking infrastructure, may also affect vehicle miles traveled (VMT) demand. This paper uses econometric techniques to examine the determinants of VMT using data from the Oregon Household Activities Survey (OHAS). We use standard OLS regression to examine the impact of urban density, household income, fuel cost, transit mileage, household location, and additional household characteristics on VMT. Preliminary results show that statewide Oregon demand for VMT is positively and significantly impacted by household income. Statewide, fuel price, transit use and population density are all found to be statistically significant and negatively related to household VMT. However, at the regional level some of these variables lose significance. Holding all factors constant, household VMT is found to differ by region as well as by population density.
Supercontinuum Parallel Line-Field Optical Coherence Tomography for High Sensitivity, Kilohertz Frame Rate Imaging

Emerging supercontinuum (SC) light sources suitable for optical coherence tomography (OCT) offer greater illumination power than conventional sources, and large optical bandwidths for ultrahigh-resolution imaging. Because there is a tradeoff between power and sensitivity, by distributing the power across a line for sample illumination, we can avoid perturbing cellular behavior while increasing imaging sensitivity. Here we demonstrate an SC-based, spectral-domain, parallel line-field OCT system, and show that it exhibits an unprecedented combination of resolution, speed, and sensitivity for capturing cellular dynamics. We employ the system for imaging of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro which exhibit rapid ciliary motion that is highly spatially localized.
Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct

(2003). Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 473-474.
Abstract 156: Poor Correlation Between Non-contrast CT (NCCT) Aspects and CT Perfusion (CTP)-derived Ischemic Core Volumes

Introduction and Objectives: The best imaging method for selecting patients for thrombectomy remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the correlation between ASPECTS and RAPID automated CT perfusion (CT...
Pilot performance comparison between electronic and paper instrument approach charts

Abstract Electronic flight bags (EFB’s) have become common in the era of technologically advanced aircraft (TAA) and glass cockpits. However, many pilots still rely on paper charts as backups in case of electronic failures. The purpose of this study was to examine pilot performance differences when using electronic and paper instrument approach charts. Twenty-nine participants from a large university completed the study in a fixed-based flight-training device (FTD). While completing a flight between two major cities, the participants were asked to answer questions on instrument approach charts using an electronic flight bag. Halfway through the questions, the electronic flight bag was said to have failed, and participants were provided with paper charts. The findings indicate that participants’ response time was significantly lower using electronic charts over paper ones. Flight performance, as observed via video footage, indicated far worse control of altitude and course when using paper charts than when electronic charts were used. In a post-test instrument, participants’ poorly estimated the their average response time to questions in both conditions. Finally, participants’ indicated that they felt the use of electronic charts reduced their workload as measured by the NASA TLX. The paper discusses the practical applications of these findings.
Motion - All patients with NASH need to have a liver biopsy: Arguments against the motion

Most cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are suspected on the basis of the exclusion of viral, autoimmune, metabolic and genetic causes of chronic liver disease in patients with chronic elevation of aminotransferase enzymes. However, the definitive diagnosis of NASH requires liver biopsy. Valuable blood tests include hepatitis B and C serology, iron profile, alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype, ceruloplasmin, antinuclear antibody and antismooth muscle antibody, and serum protein electrophoresis. If these tests are negative or normal, and if there are no symptoms or signs of chronic liver disease, it is unlikely that a specifically treatable liver disease would be discovered at biopsy. The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population appears to be approximately 20%, and 2% to 3% of people have NASH. There is no proven specific therapy for the spectrum of nonalcoholic liver disease; therefore, the management of the patient with NASH is not likely to be changed after histological assessment. Bleeding, sometimes fatal, and other complications requiring hospitalization can occur, and liver biopsies should not be undertaken without clear clinical indications. The high cost of undertaking histological assessment of all persons with asymptomatic elevations of liver enzymes cannot be justified in view of the risks and limited clinical benefits.
Design and Fabrication of Opacity Targets for the National Ignition Facility

AbstractAccurate models for opacity of partially ionized atoms are important for modeling and understanding stellar interiors and other high-energy-density phenomena such as inertial confinement fusion. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is leading a multilaboratory effort to conduct experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to try to reproduce recent opacity tests at the Sandia National Laboratory Z-facility. Since 2015, the NIF effort has evolved several hohlraum designs that consist of multiple pieces joined together. The target also has three components attached to the main stalk over a long distance with high tolerances that have resulted in several design iterations. The target has made use of rapid prototyped features to attach a capsule and collimator under the hohlraum while avoiding interference with the beams. This paper discusses the evolution of the hohlraum and overall target design and the challenges involved with fabricating and assembling these targets.
Micro and mini drone classification based on coherent radar imaging

Low, slow, and small unmanned aerial system (LSS-UAS) are a growing threat to the civil and military sectors. This paper reports the results of a feasibility study on a radar-based drone feature-classification system. A 9.6 GHz CW radar was used to acquire Doppler data. Coherent integration of the data in conjunction with motion extraction and compensation turned this conventional Doppler radar into a one-dimensional inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), which produced the detailed image of a mini drone. This result paves the way for a fully intelligent classification system with multiple sensors for countering the LSS-UAS threat.
Weight Stigma Goes Viral on the Internet: Systematic Assessment of YouTube Comments Attacking Overweight Men and Women.

Background: Anonymous verbal attacks against overweight individuals on social media are common and widespread. These comments often use negative, misogynist, or derogatory words, which stigmatize the targeted individuals with obesity. These verbal attacks may cause depression in overweight individuals, which could subsequently promote unhealthy eating behavior (ie, binge eating) and further weight gain. To develop an intervention policy and strategies that tackle the anonymous, Web-based verbal attacks, a thorough understanding of the comments is necessary. Objective: This study aimed to examine how anonymous users verbally attack or defend overweight individuals in terms of 3 themes: (1) topic of verbal attack (ie, what aspects of overweight individuals are verbally attacked), (2) gender of commenters and targeted overweight individuals, and (3) intensity of derogation depending on the targeted gender (ie, the number of swear words used within comments). Methods: This study analyzed the content of YouTube comments that discuss overweight individuals or groups from 2 viral videos, titled “Fat Girl Tinder Date” and “Fat Guy Tinder Date.” The twin videos provide an avenue through which to analyze discussions of obesity as they organically occurred in a contemporary setting. We randomly sampled and analyzed 320 comments based on a coding instrument developed for this study. Results: First, there were twice as many comments verbally attacking overweight individuals (n=174) than comments defending them (n=89). Second, overweight women are attacked for their capacities (eg, laziness, maturity; 14/51, 28%), whereas overweight men are attacked for their heterosocial skills (eg, rudeness, annoyance; 24/29, 83%). Third, the majority of commenters who attacked overweight women are male (42/52, 81%). Fourth, attacking comments generated toward overweight women included more swear words (mean 0.44, SD 0.77) than those targeting men (mean 0.23, SD 0.48). Conclusions: Our data elucidate a worrying situation of frequent disinhibited aggressive messages against overweight individuals online. Importantly, the patterns of verbal aggression differ depending on the gender of the targeted overweight individuals. Thus, gender-tailored intervention strategies that specifically tackle Internet users’ verbal aggression against overweight individuals need to be developed. [Interact J Med Res 2018;7(1):e6]
Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Cultured Bivalve Mollusk Larvae

Whenever man has established a husbandry, be it plant or animal, he has inadvertently, but concomitantly also established communities of competitors, predators, and parasites. The culture of marine invertebrates has been no exception. Like the rest of us, marine invertebrates spend their lives in environments permeated with bacteria and other microorganisms — the vast majority of which are either entirely harmless, or may indeed, serve as the first link in the food chain. However, our concern here is with the small minority of microbial pathogens, since it would be presumptuous if not impossible to cover all bacteria associated with marine larvae; and this discussion will be limited to some experiences with bacterial pathogens of larval juvenile bivalve mollusks.
Breast cancer brain metastases: new directions in systemic therapy

The management of patients with brain metastases from breast cancer continues to be a major clinical challenge. The standard initial therapeutic approach depends upon the size, location, and number of metastatic lesions and includes consideration of surgical resection, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. As systemic therapies for control of extracranial disease improve, patients are surviving long enough to experience subsequent progression events in the brain. Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify both more effective initial treatments as well as to develop multiple lines of salvage treatments for patients with breast cancer brain metastases. This review summarises the clinical experience to date with respect to cytotoxic and targeted systemic therapies for the treatment of brain metastases, highlights ongoing and planned trials of novel approaches and identifies potential targets for future investigation.
Analyzing Students Logs in Open Online Courses Using SNA Techniques

Abstract There are a growing number of courses delivered using Massive Open Online Course environments (MOOCs). In these courses, as with any, interaction between online students and learning resources can play in improving the learning environment. These improvements could better accommodate each individual’s needs based on their prior knowledge and skills. Most current MOOCs use a one-size-fits-all model with a singular curriculum. We suggest that a singular curriculum does not provide a particularly good match for this broad spectrum of students with diverse educational backgrounds. This problem is manifest in the relatively low rates of completion in many MOOC courses. As an alternative, we propose the notion of Personalized Open Collaborative Courses (POCCs). This design tracks student behavior through each stage of the course and, based on each student’s performance and prior-knowledge, the course content and delivery is personalized. This study follows the emerging research in Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques. More specifically, we examine the concept of detecting communities of users within a large course with an emphasis on designing a personalized, social, recommender system. We use three of the most popular community detecting algorithms: Fruchterman Reingold, ForceAtlas2 and Yi Fan Hu for community detection. Finally, we define an algorithm to build dynamic social recommender systems.
EAP in Asia

Tensions in teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in Asia are related largely to the different ways knowledge construction and academic communication work in Asia and in the West. These tensions are not unique to Asia. Research shows that there are tensions between local and global orientations to academic practices and communication everywhere, even in the West (see Canagarajah, 2002; Lillis & Curry, 2010).
Finite-Dimensional Variational and Quasivariational Inequalities: Algorithmic Developments and Applications in Socio-Eoonomic Planning

Over the past several years the f inite-dimensional variational inequality problem has been well studied from the perspectives of computation, sensitivity analysis and application. This paper will briefly review the variational inequality literature and will also discuss the finite dimensional quasivariational inequality problem from the above mentioned perspectives. In particular, three recent results will be discussed in detail. First, an acceleration step for the nonlinear Jacobi and projection algorithms will be presented along with empirical results. Second, a special case of the quasivariational inequality problem which arises in pseudo-Nash or social equilibria games is studied in detail. Characterizations of the solutions of such problems and their relationships with variational inequality solution are presented along with some results on the stability and sensitivity of these solutions. Finally, the theory and empirical validation of a restricted simplicial decomposition algorithm for large-scale, linearly-constrained variational inequalities will be described.
Vibration Testing of Airborne Cryogenic Equipment

The cryogenic engineer, in addition to designing very low-temperature equipment to perform a desired function, must consider the effects of environmental conditions on the operation of the equipment. One such consideration requires that the equipment be designed to withstand without damage the shocks and vibrations encountered during transportation. While the exact nature of the shock and vibration hazards for a given mode of transportation cannot be predicted, sufficient data are available to make possible the formulation of specifications for testing of transportable items to determine their resistance to damage during shipment.
Development of Waste Management in the Last 30 Years

Landfilling often is not regarded as a technically and operationally highly demanding waste management option as e.g. incineration. In many cases landfills are seen as a cheap way to get rid of the waste. Mistakes in the design and operation often may become relevant after many years or decades and remediation will be in general become very costly.
Crafting Policy Discussion Prompts as a Task for Newcomers

Inspired by policy deliberation methods and iterative writing in crowdsourcing, we developed and evaluated a task in which newcomers to an online policy discussion, before entering the discussion, generate prompts that encourage existing commenters to engage with each other. In an experiment with 453 Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) crowd workers, we found that newcomers can often craft acceptable prompts, especially when given guidance on prompt-writing and balanced opinions between the comments they synthesize. However, crafting these prompts had little effect on the quality of comments they posted to a simulated discussion forum following the prompt task, as measured by the reasoning and topic coherence of comments. Our results inform best practices and pose questions for the design of discussion systems, both in general and for online policy discussion in particular.
Abstract TP28: Recurrent Thrombectomy in Patients With Prior Mechanical Endovascular Revascularization: A Single Center Experience

Background: Mechanical endovascular reperfusion therapy (MER) has become standard of care for treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic strokes (AIS) within 24 hrs of last known well...
In Vitro Differentiation of Effector CD4+ T Helper Cell Subsets.

CD4+ T "helper" cells are key orchestrators of adaptive immune responses. Upon activation, naive CD4+ T cells are capable of differentiating into a number of effector subsets that perform distinct immune functions. These subsets include T helper 1 (TH1), TH2, TH9, TH17, TH22, T follicular helper (TFH), and regulatory T cell (TREG) populations. The differentiation of these subsets is dependent, in large part, on the coordinated interplay between signals from the extracellular cytokine environment and downstream transcriptional networks. The use of in vitro T helper cell culture systems has been extensively employed to aid in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that govern the differentiation of each effector subset. Here, we provide a detailed summary of the differentiation conditions that are utilized to generate effector CD4+ T cell populations in vitro.
Librarians as critical friends: Developing a sustainable peer observation process

Librarians at the University of Washington- Bothell and Cascadia College Campus Library engage in information literacy instruction offered in targeted courses across the curriculum. A focus of these targeted courses is multiple sections of 100-level college introduction and research writing. Most classroom instruction happens by a single librarian in front of a group of students and a faculty member. With approximately 15 librarians engaging in an average of 10 to 12 instruction workshops each academic quarter, our instruction program is robust and dynamic but lacks a built-in mechanism for observation and feedback.
Stress-strain data for aluminum 6061-T651 from 9 lots at 6 temperatures under uniaxial and plane strain tension.

Abstract Stress-strain curves in steady-state tension of aluminum 6061-T651 sourced from 9 lots of material from several manufacturers at 6 temperatures (20,100,150,200,250,300 °C) are presented. A total of 100 stress-strain curves for uniaxial tension specimens and 54 stress-strain curves for plane strain tension specimens are shared. Strains are estimated through digital image correlation using a 50.8 mm (2 inch) gauge length for the uniaxial tension specimens and a 6.35 mm (0.25 inch) gauge length for the plane strain specimens. The strains are an average of several measurements (at approximately 350-μm intervals) across the width of the gauge section.
Quantitative and molecular genetic components of selection for intramuscular fat in Duroc swine

70 Introduction 71 Materials and Methods 72 Results and Discussion 80 Implications 88 Literature Cited 88
A Thing About Machines: Eça de Queirós's Technological Twilight Zone

By reconstructing the acts and voices of technological artifacts in A cidade e as serras (1901), this paper outlines what I call Eca de Queiros’s technological “twilight zone,” where machines are granted literary citizenship, and human interlocutors are forced to reevaluate who and what counts as humanity and conversation. I argue that the unresponsiveness of technological artifacts to the human voice in A cidade e as serras reveals a process of destabilization of power hierarchies and vocal anthropocentrism. Eca neither demonizes nor glorifies machines; rather he elaborates ways in which productive coexistence and communication can remain a prime objective. In A cidade e as serras, Eca parses out anxieties about technology and modernity in subtle and balanced ways that can shed new light on enduring questions about humanmachine interactions in our era of technological dependence.