cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pricing and Inventory Control: Uncertainty and Competition

In this paper, we study a make-to-stock manufacturing system where two firms compete through dynamic pricing and inventory control. Our goal is to address competition (in particular a duopoly setting) together with the presence of demand uncertainty. We consider a dynamic setting where multiple products share production capacity. We introduce a demand-based fluid model where the demand is a linear function of the price of the supplier and of her competitor, the inventory and production costs are quadratic, and all coefficients are time dependent. A key part of the model is that no backorders are allowed and the strategy of a supplier depends on her competitor's strategy. First, we reformulate the robust problem as a fluid model of similar form to the deterministic one and show existence of a Nash equilibrium in continuous time. We then discuss issues of uniqueness and address how to compute a particular Nash equilibrium, i.e., the normalized Nash equilibrium.
Chemical weathering in the temperate glacial environment of the Northern Cascade Mountains

Chemical weathering activity in the South Cascade Glacier area of the Northern Cascades is both intensive and extensive. The presence of chemical weathering is shown by (1) pedogenic clay assemblages which vary according to bedrock mineralogy, (2) distinctive water types which co-exist with discrete bedrock types and (3) the striking chemical transformation of water as it runs over bedrock. The weathering mechanisms are primarily carbonation and oxidation. Even though zoned soils are rare or absent, pedogenic minerals such as vermiculite, smectite, gibbsite and lepidocrocite accumulate locally. Cationic denudation of the South Cascade Glacier watershed (930 mE/m2yr) is substantially higher than the world average (390 mE/m2yr), indicating the intensity of chemical weathering in such an environment. Evidently the low average temperatures generally associated with an active glacier do not inhibit chemical weathering reactions. On the contrary, the turbulent well-aerated water flows prevalent in such an environment promote weathering by constantly replenishing the acid potential of the water. Also, the mechanical effects of glaciation apparently expedite the chemical weathering process by continuously reviving the fresh surface area of rock exposed to water. A crucial limiting factor in chemical weathering seems to be the supply of water and hydrogen ion from the atmosphere. By virtue of the fact that the temperate glacial environment represents an extreme of hydrologic activity, it may, therefore, represent an extreme of chemical weathering activity even in the absence of normal biologic and pedogenic processes associated with the soil.
Medicine and Morals, Craving and Compulsion

Thinking about addictions has been dominated by two models: the medical model, which treats addiction as a disease and related behaviors as signs and symptoms, and the moral model, which views addiction and related behaviors as indications of moral failure. This article describes both models and their implications, with special emphasis on the moral model. The meaning of compulsion or coercion caused by internal psychological states, such as craving, is explored to determine if addicts may fairly be held morally and legally responsible for their behavior, such as seeking and using substances. It is argued that diminished rationality better explains than compulsion why addicts might be excused for their behavior, but it is concluded that most addicts can be held responsible for most addiction-related behavior. Nonetheless, both models have desirable characteristics, and sound public policy should not be based solely on either. The implications for criminal justice of employing both models to guide policy are explored.
Nuclear Translocation of RhoA Mediates the Mitogen-induced Activation of Phospholipase D Involved in Nuclear Envelope Signal Transduction

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate for the first time a mitogen-induced activation of a nuclear acting phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D (PLD) which is mediated, at least in part, by the translocation of RhoA to the nucleus. Addition of α-thrombin to quiescent IIC9 cells results in an increase in PLD activity in IIC9 nuclei. This is indicated by an increase in the α-thrombin-induced production of nuclear phosphatidylethanol in quiescent cells incubated in the presence of ethanol as well as an increase in PLD activity in isolated nuclei. Consistent with our previous report (Wright, T. M., Willenberger, S., and Raben, D. M. (1992) Biochem. J. 285, 395-400), the presence of ethanol decreases the α-thrombin-induced production of phosphatidic acid without affecting the induced increase in nuclear diglyceride, indicating that the increase in nuclear PLD activity is responsible for the effect on phosphatidic acid, but not that on diglyceride. Our data further demonstrate that RhoA mediates the activation of nuclear PLD. RhoA translocates to the nucleus in response to α-thrombin. Additionally, PLD activity in nuclei isolated from α-thrombin-treated cells is reduced in a concentration-dependent fashion by incubation with RhoGDI and restored by the addition of prenylated RhoA in the presence of guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate. Western blot analysis indicates that this RhoGDI treatment results in the extraction of RhoA from the nuclear envelope. These data support a role for a RhoA-mediated activation of PLD in our recently described hypothesis, which proposes that a signal transduction cascade exists in the nuclear envelope and represents a novel signal transduction cascade that we have termed NEST (uclear nvelope ignal ransduction).
Antieigenvalue techniques in statistics

Abstract In a number of his recent papers Karl Gustafson has outlined the similarities between the Antieigenvalue Theory he founded and several finite dimensional matrix optimization theorems for positive matrices arising in statistics. In this paper, we will show how the techniques that the author and Karl Gustafson have used for computation of Antieigenvalues can also be applied to prove and generalize these matrix optimization theorems in statistics. We will primarily focus on two techniques which we have used in Antieigenvalue computations in recent years. These two techniques are a two nonzero component property for certain class of functionals, and converting the matrix optimization problems in statistics to a convex programing problem. Indeed, these two techniques allow us to generalize some of the matrix optimization problems arising in statistics to strongly accretive operators on finite or infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces.
Mean field theory for Coulomb systems

We study a classical charge symmetric system with an external charge distributionq in three dimensions in the limit that the plasma parameter ɛ→ zero. We prove that ifq is scaled appropriately then the correlation functions converge pointwise to those of an ideal gas in the external mean fieldΨ(x) where Ψ is given by-ΔΨ+ 2z sinh(βΨ) =q This is the mean field equation of Debye and Huckel. The proof uses the sine-Gordon transformation, the Mayer expansion, and a correlation inequality.
System-dependence-graph-based slicing of programs with arbitrary interprocedural control flow

Many algorithms for automating software engineering tasks require program slices. To be applicable to large software systems, these slices must be computed interprocedurally. Slicing techniques based on the system dependence graph (SDG) provide one approach for computing interprocedural slices, but these techniques are defined only for programs in which called procedures necessarily return to call sites. When applied to programs that contain arbitrary interprocedural control flow, existing SDG-based slicing techniques can compute incorrect slices; this limits their applicability. This paper presents an approach to constructing SDGs, and computing slices on SDGs, that accommodates programs with arbitrary interprocedural control flow. The main benefit of our approach is that it allows the use of the SDG-based slicing technique on a wide class of practical programs to which it did not previously apply.
Advice on techniques in IR spectroscopy

Applied Infrared Spectroscopy. By A. Lee Smith. Pp.336. (Wiley: New York and Chichester, UK, 1979.) $38.30, £17.40.
Automatic segmentation of MR brain images

An automatic image segmentation for MR brain images based on the gray level characteristics of the images is developed. The method analyses a sequence of MR brain images to provide region information as well as boundary data for classification and eventual creation of 3D models. The system incorporates global information from the image set through an analysis of the statistics of the cooccurrence matrices. Local consistency is then applied with the use of a relaxation algorithm on individual images. The cooccurrence matrices provide conditional probabilities for the classification of pixels into specific regions or boundaries based on the matrix distribution. A constrained stochastic relaxation is then used to refine the probabilistic labels using local image information. Results of the technique are presented for MR brain images.
ASSEMBLY OF GAP JUNCTIONS DURING AMPHIBIAN NEURULATION

Sequential thin-section, tracer (K-pyroantimonate, lanthanum, ruthenium red, and horseradish peroxidase), and freeze-fracture studies were conducted on embryos and larvae of Rana pipiens to determine the steps involved in gap junction assembly during neurulation. The zonulae occludentes, which join contiguous neuroepithelial cells, fragment into solitary domains as the neural groove deepens. These plaque-like contacts also become permeable to a variety of tracers at this juncture. Where the ridges of these domains intersect, numerous 85-A participles apparently pile up against tight junctional remnants, creating arrays recognizable as gap junctions. With neural fold closure, the remaining tight junctional elements disappear and are replaced by macular gap junctions. Well below the junctional complex, gap junctions form independent of any visible, preexisting structure. Small, variegated clusters, containing 4–30 particles located in flat, particle-free regions, characterize this area. The number of particles within these arrays increases and they subsequently blend together into a polygonally packed aggregate resembling a gap junction. The assembly process in both apical and basal regions conforms with the concept of translational movement of particles within a fluid plasma membrane.
Theorizing about the deviant citizen: An attributional explanation of the interplay of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behavior ☆

Abstract We present an attribution-based explanation about how helpful organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and harmful counterproductive work behavior (CWB) are positively related under some circumstances. Attributions concerning controllability and locus of causality are important factors. Controllability attributions for OCB-eliciting demands, such as coworker lack of performance, organizational constraints, or supervisor expectations, can lead to CWB. Conversely, controllability and internal attributions for one's own CWB can lead to OCB.
Ready or not - Preparedness for bioterrorism

Glanders is a zoonotic disease of horses and related equids that was eliminated from the United States in 1934. The etiologic agent, Burkholderia mallei, has occasionally caused severe infection in humans after the transmission of small aerosolized particles from infected animals, and B. mallei was used for biologic warfare, directed against the horses of the Allied armed forces, during World War I. Before the case reported by Srinivasan et al. in this issue of the Journal, 1 the last infections in humans in the United States occurred in 1945 among laboratory personnel working on a biologic-weapons program at Camp Detrick, Maryland. . . .
A uniqueness theorem and a counterexample for ordinary differential equations

Abstract We prove a uniqueness theorem for ordinary differential equations in ℜ n and provide a counterexample showing that one of its conditions cannot be disregarded.
Intertextuality in Old Testament Research

All biblical scholars are familiar with the term ‘intertextuality’, but few can agree on the nature of the concept or how readers should identify intertextual relationships among texts. Some schola...
Simulation of the Vacuum Infusion Process using Idealized Components: Effects of Pore Size and Suspension Concentration

Vacuum infusion of porous food matrices (i.e., extruded starch crackers) with calorically dense suspensions of food powders in fat was investigated in an ideal system. Experiments involved infusion of model matrices with lipid suspensions consisting of milled, size-characterized sucrose in corn oil. The influences of pore size/particle size ratio and suspension concentration on the penetration of liquid and particles were determined. A mathematical model that allows prediction of future behavior was fitted to the test results. The model indicates that dry-weight particle penetration is strongly correlated with pore size and independent of initial particle concentration. Infusion of liquid plus particles was increased by raising porosity and lowering particle concentration.
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RETINOBLASTOMA: A CURRENT TOPIC

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumour in children, with an incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Treatment strategies for retinoblastoma have gradually evolved over the past few decades. There has been a trend away from enucleation (removal of the eye) and external beam radiation therapy toward focal 'conservative' treatments. Every effort has been made to save the child's life with preservation of eye and sight, if possible. Primary enucleation continues to be the commonly used method of treatment for retinoblastoma. It is employed in situations where eyes contain large tumours, long standing retinal detachments, neovascular glaucoma and suspicion of optic nerve invasion or extrascleral extension. Most of these eyes either have or are expected to have no useful vision. Radiation therapy continues to be an effective treatment option for retinoblastoma. However, external beam radiotherapy has unfortunately been associated with secondary non-ocular cancers in the field of radiation (primarily in children carrying the RB-1 germline mutation). Ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy has a more focal and shielded radiation field, and may carry less risk. Unfortunately, its applicability is limited to small to medium-sized retinoblastomas in accessible locations. Cryotherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) have been used to provide control of selected small tumours. TTT is an advanced laser system adapted to the indirect ophthalmoscope which provides flexible nonsurgical treatment for small retinoblastomas. Recent research in the treatment of retinoblastoma has concentrated on methods of combining chemotherapy with other local treatment modalities (TTT, radiotherapy, cryotherapy). This approach combines the principle of chemotherapeutic debulking in paediatric oncology with conservative focal therapies in ophthalmology. Termed chemoreduction, intravenous or subconjunctival chemotherapy is used to debulk the initial tumour volume and allow for local treatment with TTT, cryotherapy and plaque radiotherapy. Cyclosporin has been added to the chemotherapy regimen in several centres. Other clinical settings where chemotherapy is considered are situations where the histopathology suggests a high risk for metastatic disease and where there is extraocular extension. There is no consensus that chemotherapy is needed when choroidal invasion is observed on histopathology. However, in patients where the retinoblastoma is noted beyond the cut end of the optic nerve or if there is disruption of the sclera with microscopic invasion of the orbital tissue, treatment has been helpful. Systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy with local and cranial radiotherapy has improved the survival of these patients. Most recently, the use of new chemotherapy modalities with haematopoietic stem cell rescue or local radiotherapy has increased the survival of patients with distant metastasis. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients with central nervous system involvement is still poor.
Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of pregnanolone in the rat.

Abstract Studies were made of the metabolism and biliary excretion of pregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone exhibiting a variety of pharmacologie activities, in rats bearing venous and biliary catheters. Pregnanolone glucuronide appeared rapidly and in large amounts in the bile, with a concentration gradient in the order of 400 relative to serum. The relative concentration of various metabolites in the bile remained constant over a 5-day period. An enterohepatic cycle was established by finding peaks in the serum concentration of pregnanolone after intragastric administration of bile collected from pregnanolone-pretreated rats, containing pregnanolone and pregnanolone glucuronide. It appeared that hydroxylation of pregnanolone at C6 and 17 and reduction of C20 occurred during its passage through the intestine.
The development of awareness of stuttering in preschool children

Abstract The development of awareness of stuttering and of fluent speech in preschool children was examined by means of an instrument designed for this purpose. The measure employs a videotape of two identical puppets, one of whom stutters. Twenty stuttering children and twenty normally fluent children were followed for three visits over two years. The effects of group, age, and severity on the awareness score over the three visits were investigated. Results indicated statistical significance for experimental versus control groups, for older versus younger subgroups, and between the first and second, and first and third visits. Differences in stuttering severity were not associated with statistically significant differences in awareness scores. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Fluoride- and Selenium-Levels in Contemporary and Ancient Greek Teeth in Relation to Dental Caries

IN a recent epidemiological investigation it was shown that the prevalence of dental caries among school children in Athens (Greece) was remarkably low1. The amount of sugar consumed did not seem to have been the determining factor for the high degree of immunity to caries observed among the Athenian children. It was suggested that certain nutritional factors, possibly trace elements, operating during the period of tooth development, may have been responsible for this1.
A genetic algorithm to reduce stream channel cross section data

: A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to reduce cross section data for a hypothetical example consisting of 41 data points and for 10 cross sections on the Kootenai River. The number of data points for the Kootenai River cross sections ranged from about 500 to more than 2,500. The GA was applied to reduce the number of data points to a manageable dataset because most models and other software require fewer than 100 data points for management, manipulation, and analysis. Results indicated that the program successfully reduced the data. Fitness values from the genetic algorithm were lower (better) than those in a previous study that used standard procedures of reducing the cross section data. On average, fitnesses were 29 percent lower, and several were about 50 percent lower. Results also showed that cross sections produced by the genetic algorithm were representative of the original section and that near-optimal results could be obtained in a single run, even for large problems. Other data also can be reduced in a method similar to that for cross section data.
Fear not: manipulating sleep might help you forget

Memory storage is not static – updating is often needed. When it comes to traumatic memories, forgetting may be desired. Two innovative studies recently demonstrated that fear memories can be weakened during sleep using odors associated with fear-learning episodes. New strategies along these lines should be carefully considered for treating unwanted fears.
Phase Stability Under Irradiation

Abstract Irradiation of metals and alloys with neutrons, electrons, heavy ions, or γ-rays may introduce up to 108 J/mol of energy in the form of atomic displacements. This energy, which is in the form of vacancies, self-interstitials, and cores of displacement cascades is then available to produce a range of phase changes and microstructural alterations which are not observed under thermal conditions. There exist numerous mechanisms to convert part of this displacement energy into microstructural change, including irradiation-induced solute segregation, Frenkel pair recombination at the particle: matrix interface, irradiation disordering or amorphization, and recoil resolution of atoms from precipitates. In addition, the cores of displacement cascades may act as precipitate nucleation sites and Frenkel pair recombination may trigger spinodal-like instabilities. The theory of these mechanisms is developed in some detail, and is followed by a systematic review of experimentals observations of irradiation-altered phase stability. The observations include enhanced nucleation on displacement cascades, precipitation induced by solute segregation to defect sinks, nucleation of wrong phases, disordering and amorphization, Frenkel pair recombination driven precipitate, and inverse Ostwald ripening.
Separation parameters via virtual migration distances in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis and electrokinetic chromatography

Among the various differential migration processes of separation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have emerged as the two major high-performance analytical techniques for separation of complex biological substances. In both HPLC and CZE with electroendoosmotic flow, the differential migration process can be divided into a separative component, which involves selective interactions with the stationary phase or differences in the electrophoretic migration velocities, and a non-separative component representing migration by convection that does not contribute directly to separation. The introduction of virtual migration distances leads to an additivity relationship for the two components that is applicable to both of the above techniques and facilitates the recognition of the underlying similarities as well as the expression and comparison of the various separation parameters. Examination of the key migration parameters led to the characterization and the classification of the various modes of CZE with electroendoosmotic flow. The treatment was extended to the analysis of capillary electrochromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography; two hybrid processes which exhibit features borrowed from HPLC and CZE. The use of virtual migration distances also led to a consistent and unified description of the characteristic parameters of these separation systems.
Thermal analyses of aerosols

Thermal analysis as an analytical tool has been applied to the study of suspended liquid and solid matter in air. The aerosol is heated in a glass pipe, and the light scattering coefficient is used for thein situ detection of aerosol. Results of thermal analysis of the Los Angeles smog, and of St. Louis aerosol on dry and humid days, are presented, all indicating distinctly different thermo-nephelograms. On polluted days in St. Louis, over 50% of the light scattering coefficient is lost at about 100‡, which indicates the presence of H2SO4.
The Matching Relation and Situation-Specific Bias Modulation in Professional Football Play Selection.

The utility of a quantitative model depends on the extent to which its fitted parameters vary systematically with environmental events of interest. Professional football statistics were analyzed to determine whether play selection (passing versus rushing plays) could be accounted for with the generalized matching equation, and in particular whether variations in play selection across game situations would manifest as changes in the equation's fitted parameters. Statistically significant changes in bias were found for each of five types of game situations; no systematic changes in sensitivity were observed. Further analyses suggested relationships between play selection bias and both turnover probability (which can be described in terms of punishment) and yards-gained variance (which can be described in terms of variable-magnitude reinforcement schedules). The present investigation provides a useful demonstration of association between face-valid, situation-specific effects in a domain of everyday interest, and a theoretically important term of a quantitative model of behavior. Such associations, we argue, are an essential focus in translational extensions of quantitative models.
Glucose, acetate, and lactate metabolism in perirenal adipose tissue of fetal and newborn calves.

Glucose, Acetate, and Lactate Metabolism in Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Fetal and Newborn Calves
Intrapleural t-PA plus DNase improved clinical outcomes in patients with pleural infection

Source Citation Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:518-26. 21830966
Transhiatal esophagogastrectomy for an isolated ovarian cancer metastasis to the esophagus.

Secondary involvement of the esophagus by malignancy is rare, occurring in patients with cancer at an estimated incidence of 1% to 6%. Although primary cancers of the lung and breast are most commonly responsible, other primary sites have included tumors of the prostate, skin, kidney, bladder, rectum, pancreas, thyroid, liver, and endometrium. Esophageal metastasis from ovarian cancer has been reported in only 1 case, in which the metastasis occurred 16 years after initial tumor resection and was treated with partial esophagectomy. This report describes a case of metastatic ovarian cancer to the esophagus after a 4-year disease-free interval.
The Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Antiserum Administrationon Gonadotropin Secretion in the Rhesus Monkey

Single iv injections of a rabbit antiserum to synthetic LHRH promptly suppressed serum LH and FSH concentrations in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. Gonadotropin levels remained depressed for 10–21 days, the approximate duration of enhanced LHRH binding activity in the circulation. Doses of LHRH antiserum sufficient to reduce onic gonadotropin secretion did not modify the time course or magnitude of estrogen-induced gonadotropin surges. These negative findings, however, cannot be interpreted to signify that such surges are not caused by a release of LHRH.(Endocrinology 100: 663, 1977)
An improved assay with 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol for non-esterified fatty acids in biological fluids

Abstract A simple and rapid colorimetric assay for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was developed employing extraction of samples with 0.1 mol/l glycine (pH 2.7) and methoxyethanol : butyl ether, and formation of a copper-fatty acid soap detected with 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol. The method developed is sensitive enough to detect as little as 11 nmol/0.25 ml sample. Results are not affected by marked molar excesses of phospholipids, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, bilirubin, or lactate. Recovery of palmitate in the extract averages 94.2 ± 3.2% (S.D.) and other long chain fatty acids are recovered equally. The copper-NEFA-indicator complex formed is stable. Extracted samples can be stored for as long as 2 weeks without appreciable changes in measured NEFA content. The method developed is suitable for both manual and semi-automated procedures for determining NEFA content in biological fluids.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Hardened Cement Paste and Concrete

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete has substantial effects on the behavior and performance of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement. The CTE is one of the input variables with significant effects on PCC pavement performance in the newly developed Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Currently, the most advanced and accepted evaluation method for the CTE is the provisional AASHTO TP60. In this test method, concrete specimens are saturated before and during the testing. It has been recognized that the CTE of cement paste is influenced by the relative humidity (RH) within the specimen. Results from previous research studies were nearly consistent: the maximum CTE value occurs at about 70% RH and its value is almost twice the value at 100% RH. Laboratory evaluations were conducted to quantify the effects of RH on CTEs in cement paste and concrete. In the testing program, target RH levels within the specimens were 45%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 100%. RH sensors were installed within the ...
Pseudohypoparathyroidism without clinical stigmata

Five cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism without the usually associated clinical stigmata of short stature, mental retardation, brachydactylia and moon facies have recently been identified in Syracuse. Four of the cases are in the same family. The familial proband was a 12 year old, previously asymptomatic girl who, following a grand mal seizure, was found to have hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, an elevated alkaline phosphatase and radiologic hyperparathyroidism. She was refractory to parathyroid extract but did respond to large doses of calciferol. Her father, brother, and two of her three sisters were clinically and biochemically normal. However, her 46 years old mother and 20 year old sister had biochemical pseudohypoparathyroidism. Investigation of this family has also revealed a maternal uncle with pseudohypoparathyroidism and a 79 year old healthy maternal grandfather with biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The fifth case is that of a tall, thin, highly intelligent black male who has been followed for 12 years with a history of grand mal seizures controlled with anticonvulsant medications (Dilantin, Phenobarbital and Mysoline). After a wrist injury, x-rays revealed unsuspected bone resorption. subsequent studies disclosed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica. He was refractory to parathyroid extract but did respond to large doses of calciferol with complete healing of the bone lesions. These five cases are presented to re-emphasize the fact that pseudohypoparathyroidism need not be associated with clinical stigmata.
Recycling: A Policy Dilemma for American States?

In 1990, 38 states passed more than 140 recycling laws. What prompts the states to commit to recycling? In this article, various political, economic, and environmental variables are tested for their independent and group effect on states’ recycling commitment. A composite measure of recycling commitment is developed by combining several political and economic attributes. The results indicate that in comparison to the commonly used economic, political, and demographic variables, a new set of variables measuring policy image are more promising.
p21Cip1/Waf1 disrupts the recruitment of human Fen1 by proliferating-cell nuclear antigen into the DNA replication complex

Fen1 or maturation factor 1 is a 5'-3' exonuclease essential for the degradation of the RNA primer-DNA junctions at the 5' ends of immature Okazaki fragments prior to their ligation into a continuous DNA strand. The gene is also necessary for repair of damaged DNA in yeast. We report that human proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) associates with human Fen1 with a Kd of 60 nM and an apparent stoichiometry of three Fen1 molecules per PCNA trimer. The Fen1-PCNA association is seen in cell extracts without overexpression of either partner and is mediated by a basic region at the C terminus of Fen1. Therefore, the polymerase delta-PCNA-Fen1 complex has all the activities associated with prokaryotic DNA polymerases involved in replication: 5'-3' polymerase, 3'-5' exonuclease, and 5'-3' exonuclease. Although p21, a regulatory protein induced by p53 in response to DNA damage, interacts with PCNA with a comparable Kd (10 nM) and a stoichiometry of three molecules of p21 per PCNA trimer, a p21-PCNA-Fen1 complex is not formed. This mutually exclusive interaction suggests that the conformation of a PCNA trimer switches such that it can either bind p21 or Fen1. Furthermore, overexpression of p21 can disrupt Fen1-PCNA interaction in vivo. Therefore, besides interfering with the processivity of polymerase delta-PCNA, p21 also uncouples Fen1 from the PCNA scaffold.
A note on the motion of a spherical particle in a general quadratic flow of a second-order fluid

The migration of a rigid sphere in a two-dimensional unidirectional shear flow of a second-order fluid was considered by Ho & Leal (1976). It was found that the sphere would migrate in the direction of decreasing absolute shear rate. The present paper extends the previous results to a general quadratic flow, and also considers the case of a spherical drop.
Glucocorticoids, individual quality and reproductive investment in a passerine bird

Measures of individual quality, especially energetic resources, have long been linked to investment in reproduction. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. In this study, we examined glucocorticoids as a potential mediator linking individual quality to investment in reproduction, because glucocorticoids have been associated with measures of both energetic resources and reproduction. We manipulated energetic resources (feather-clipping handicap) and glucocorticoids (corticosterone-soaked dermal patch) in female tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, and measured reproductive investment (offspring provisioning rate). Feather clipping was performed approximately 10 days before the first behavioural trial, while corticosterone patches were applied the day before the second behavioural trial. Prior to corticosterone manipulation, handicapped females provisioned their offspring at a lower rate and had lower levels of endogenous free corticosterone than control females. Also prior to the corticosterone manipulation, there was a trend for a negative association between endogenous corticosterone and offspring provisioning rate. There was no effect of the corticosterone manipulation on offspring provisioning rates, but there is some uncertainty regarding the efficacy of the manipulation. Overall, these results do not support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids are the primary physiological mechanism linking quality and reproduction, as measured by offspring provisioning behaviour. Instead, individuals facing a sustained reduction in quality lower their circulating levels of free corticosterone perhaps to mitigate the negative effects of their handicap to themselves and their offspring.
Sciatic inflammatory neuritis (SIN): Behavioral allodynia is paralleled by peri-sciatic proinflammatory cytokine and superoxide production

We have recently developed a model of sciatic inflammatory neuritis (SIN) to assess how immune activation near peripheral nerves influences somatosensory processing. Administration of zymosan (yeast cell walls) around a single sciatic nerve produces dose-dependent low-threshold mechanical allodynia without thermal hyperalgesia. Low (4 microg) doses produce both territorial and extraterritorial allodynia restricted to the injected hindleg. In contrast, higher (40 microg) doses produce territorial and extraterritorial allodynias of both hindlegs, an effect not accounted for by systemic spread of the zymosan. The aim of these experiments was to determine whether these behavioral allodynias were correlated with immunological and/or anatomical changes in or around the sciatic nerve. These experiments reveal that zymosan-induced bilateral allodynia was associated with the following: (a) increased release of both interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peri-sciatic immune cells; (b) increased release of reactive oxygen species from perisciatic immune cells; (c) no change in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokine; (d) no apparent zymosan-induced influx of immune cells into the sciatic nerve from the endoneurial blood vessels; (e) mild edema of the sciatic, which was predominantly restricted to superficial regions closest to the peri-sciatic immune cells; and (f) no anatomic evidence of changes in either the ipsilateral saphenous nerve or contralateral sciatic nerve that could account for the appearance of extraterritorial or contralateral ("mirror") allodynia, respectively. No reliable differences were found when the low-dose zymosan was compared with vehicle controls. Taken together, these data suggest that substances released by peri-sciatic immune cells may induce changes in the sciatic nerve, leading to the appearance of bilateral allodynia.
Lightfast properties of azo and polycyclic aromatic imaging dyes

As an imaging dye absorbs a single photon, there exists a non-zero probability that the dye will bleach as the result of a photochemically induced reaction. Two possible mechanisms, which can cause this photochemical event, are radical formation and/or radiative energy transfer. A photophysical investigation was completed in order to identify a dominate mechanism governing the lightfast properties of imaging inks. Time and spatial domain spectroscopic studies were conducted on an azo class dye, Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A, and Rhodamine 6G bound to humic acid - polymer phenol with known radiative and binding characteristics to polyaromatics. Stern-Volmer analysis illustrated that Rhodamine 6G binds strongly to humic acid with a binding constant of approximately 3000 L/g - C, as opposed to, Brilliant Red which binds about 100 times less strongly to the polymer additive. Both dyes were found to bind statically to humic acid. Accelerated photo degradation studies revealed that dye bound to humic acid bleached at a rate proportional to the binding association of each dye. Time resolved fluorescence decay results indicated this bleaching is not the result of polaron or long distance radiative energy transfer. Radical quenching studies suggest that the primary mechanism involves a ground state reaction with a radical intermediate.
Treatment Plant Hydraulics for Environmental Engineers

This book presents the elements of process design and of hydraulic design for water and wastewater treatment plants. In particular, hydraulic principles and methods are given for the analysis and design of flows in pipe systems and open channels, for the characteristics of flow measurement devices, and for single and multiple pump operation and selection. These fundamentals are used to illustrate the steps in the hydraulic design of a wastewater treatment plant. In addition, the hydraulic design of pipe manifolds (for distributing flow amongst basins) and of diffusers (for distributing treated wastewater to a body of water) is presented.
Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mice

We studied the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure on host resistance in mice. Mice were exposed continuously in inhalation chambers to 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 ppm NO2 for 3 months or to 5 ppm NO2 for 3 days. Chamber NO2 concentrations were monitored continuously by a Thermoelectron chemiluminescent analyzer verified by the Saltzman procedure in accordance with Federal Register procedures. After the NO2 exposure, the mice were placed in an infectivity chamber and exposed to aerosolized cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae for 15 minutes. Chamber clouds contained 55.2 ± 9.3 organisms (1–3 μ in size) per liter of air. The animals were removed from the infectivity chamber and observed for 15 days, after which percent mortalities and relative mean survival times (RMST) were determined. Control mice and mice exposed to 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 ppm NO2 for 3 months did not differ significantly in mortality or RMST. In mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2 for 3 days, percent mortality was significantly higher and RMST was significant...
Data transmission at 1.3 um using silicon spatial light modulator

We demonstrate and characterize a silicon Fabry-Perot spatial light modulator in a fiber optic data transmission system at 1.3 micron wavelength. The device utilizes free carrier effects in silicon to achieve phase modulation, and a built-in Fabry-Perot cavity to convert the phase modulation into intensity modulation. The measured insertion loss is 3.5 dB, the modulation depth is 10 percent, and the bandwidth is 40 MHz.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The last normal curve programs

Resume d'algorithmes traitant des probabilites de distribution parametrique tel que le chi-deux
Iridium Complexes of CCC-Pincer N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis and Catalytic C−H Functionalization

A series of four meta-phenylene-bridged bis-benzimidazolium chlorides were synthesized as precursors to rigid, monoanionic, CCC-pincer N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. For ligands with mesityl, 3,5-xylyl, or 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl side groups, reaction with [Ir(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Cl]2 in acetonitrile with either excess triethylamine or stoichiometric cesium fluoride as base gave neutral, iridium(III) pincer complexes of the formula Ir(CCC)HCl(MeCN), which were purified by chromatography on silica gel. Metalation failed under these conditions for a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-substituted derivative. In combination with NaOtBu, these complexes form active catalysts for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of cyclooctane and for arene C−H borylation in neat arene solvent.
Dissociations between speech perception and phonological short-term memory deficits

Some patients with phonological short-term memory deficits also show deficits in speech perception. This study investigated the possibility that these patients' short-term memory pattern derives fr...
Kinetics of formation of a surface enriched layer in an isotopic polymer blend

Abstract The surfaces of blends of high-molecular-weight deuterated and protonated polystyrene, after annealing above the glass-transition temperature, are enriched in the deuterated component owing to a surface energy difference between the components of isotopic origin. We have measured the kinetics of growth of the enriched layer using forward-recoil spectrometry (FRES). Following a suggestion of Lipowski and Huse, we interpret our data by assuming that the growth of the layer is diffusion limited and that the non-equilibrium layer is in local equilibrium with the edge of that region just below the surface that is depleted in deuterated polystyrene. The concentration against depth profiles that are predicted by this model as a function of annealing time are in quantitative agreement with those measured by FRES.
IDENTIFICATION OF COLOR-CAUSING PIGMENTS IN BISCUITS CONTAINING COTTONSEED FLOUR

Pigments in liquid-cyclone-processed cottonseed flour cause yellow-brown colors in biscuits containing this flour. Color evaluation of biscuits prepared with four fractions of cottonseed flour indicated that the low-molecular-weight water-soluble fraction contained the yellow pigments and that the water- and aqueous-salt-solution-insoluble fraction contained the brown pigments. Chromatographic and ultraviolet-visible spectral analyses indicated that the yellow pigments are flavonoids (3-0-glycosides of quercetin) and that the brown components are bound gossypol and gossypol-like pigments.
A Study of “Feature-Gram” Profiles for Three Different Hearing Impaired Language Groups

The responses of 36 hard-of-hearing subjects from three different language groups to logatomes were analysed by an information transmission statistic involving seven distinctive features of consonant phonemes. The percent-information transmission values associated with the seven distinctive features for each of the three language groups were plotted and ranked from the most weighted to the least weighted features. These plottings have been called “Feature-Grams” since they contain crucial diagnostic information regarding the hearing impaired subjects' phonemic repertoires. A comparison of the “Feature-Grams” and the pure tone audiograms show the importance of the former in the realistic assessment of the patients' hearing for speech sounds.
TU‐D‐204C‐01: Some Uses of Neural Networks in Radiation Therapy

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have become a staple of machine learning applications. They can be used for pattern recognition, data classification, and process control problems, several of which come up in modern radiation therapy. In this presentation we will look at two representative applications of ANNs: (1) the prediction of breathing, to compensate instrumental lag time in systems that automatically compensate for respiratory motion of a tumor; (2) the analysis of patient setup corrections generated automatically via rigid image registration, to recognize poor or failed results as a quality assurance (QA) measure. All systems that attempt to actively compensate respiratory motion will have intrinsic delays that necessitate predicting the future tumor position by up to several hundred milliseconds. However, every patient breathes differently, which makes the use of analytical breathing models problematic. An ANN is capable of learning the breathing pattern of any given patient directly from incoming data and making an accurate prediction of its future amplitude. We will show examples of this application. Image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) relies on image acquisition and registration to optimally position the patient for treatment. However, rigid image registration algorithms can sometimes fall into local minima that can be far removed from the optimal setup position. If one identifies a set of significant “features” of the registration result, such as the shape of the cost function surface in the neighborhood of the solution at convergence, an ANN can use them to classify a particular registration as good or bad, according to some predetermined criteria. This provides an important QA tool to assess patient setups. Learning objectives: 1. learn the basic concepts of ANNs as they are used for pattern recognition and classification. 2. learn how to use an ANN in a real‐time tumor tracking process. 3. understand how an ANN can be trained and used to recognize imperfect patient setup shifts for QA purposes.