cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Triple mass spectrometry (MS/MS/MS) with a floated collision cell in a four‐sector tandem mass spectrometer

A method is described for carrying out triple mass spectrometry (MS/MS/MS) experiments with an electrically floated collision cell in the third field-free region on a tandem double-focusing mass spectrometer. The method described may use magnet calibration obtained at any accelerating voltage and is generally applicable at any value of the collision cell voltage. The utility of the method to acquire MS/MS/MS spectra of enhanced quality is demonstrated on a JEOL JMS-HX110/HX110 four-sector mass spectrometer.
Mathematical theory of isothermal blast waves and the question of their applicability to supernova remnants.

The spherically symmetric, self-similar flow behind a blast wave from a point explosion in a medium whose density varies with distances as r/sup -//sup / is investigated with the assumption that the flow is isothermal...omega..
Laser Micropatterning of Polylactide Microspheres into Neuronal-Glial Coculture for the Study of Axonal Regeneration

250,000 Americans suffer from spinal cord injury caused by vehicular, work, and sports related accidents [1] . After injury to the spinal cord, axons do not have the capability of regenerating across the lesioned site. To understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration and to identify a better method of regeneration, a new technique for mimicking and studying the in vivo cellular environment is needed. To meet this goal, we have developed a laser cell micropatterning system that uses a weakly focused laser beam to pattern both biological cells and nonbiological particles for the study of various cell-cell-polymer interactions. Using this system, we have successfully copatterned neurons, glial cells, and polymer microspheres into a viable matrix. These copatterns allow us to study the effects nerve growth factor has, when released from a degradable polymer microsphere, on a single neuron within a specific arrangement of multiple cell types.
The Folly of Forecasting

People want to know the future. While too much information can be unpleasant, in general people like predictions. Just look at the daily newspaper: the horoscopes, the weather and sports pages, the financial section, and even the political columns are all devoted, at least in part, to making guesses about the future.
What Next for the Likely Presupernova HD 179821

We have used the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array to obtain a map of the J = 1→0 CO emission from the circumstellar shell around HD 179821, a highly evolved G-type star that will probably explode as a supernova in the next 105 yr. Very approximately, the gas presents as a circular ring with an inner diameter of 395, an outer diameter of ~12'', and azimuthal variations in the CO brightness of a factor of about 2. Until about 1600 years ago, the star was a red hypergiant, losing about 3 × 10-4 M☉ yr-1 at an average outflow speed of 32 km s-1. We propose that when HD 179821 explodes as a supernova, it may resemble Kepler's supernova remnant, and thus some of the anisotropies in supernova remnants may be intrinsic. If the factors that cause the anisotropic mass loss in HD 179821 persist until the moment when the star explodes as a supernova, the newly born pulsar may receive a momentum "kick," leading to a space motion of close to 700 km s-1. Independent of the angular asymmetries, the radially detached shell around HD 179821 may be representative of environments that produce dust echoes from gamma-ray bursts.
Thermal Gelation of Stretched and Cold-Shortened Bovine Sternomandibularis Muscle and Myofibrils

Muscle gels (10% protein) and myofibril gels (8% protein) were prepared at pH 6.0 with 2% NaCl and a heating rate of 0.7°C/min. No difference in gel strength occurred between stretched and cold-shortened muscles, but cooking loss was lower for stretched muscle. Stretched muscle sarcomeres were longer than those of cold-shortened muscle. The myofibril fraction from stretched muscle had higher gel strength, viscosity index, elasticity, and lower cooking loss than that from cold-shortened muscle. These results suggest that the contractile state of the muscle affects protein binding and water binding of the myofibrillar fraction.
Reflection from the aperture of a long E -plane sectoral horn

The complex reflection coefficient of a long E -plane sectoral horn is derived using the geometrical theory of diffraction. Single diffraction alone is shown to be sufficient to describe the contribution from the E (widely separated) edges, while singly and doubly diffracted fields from the H edges are included by using an open waveguide result derived elsewhere. A relatively uncomplicated expression is obtained for the complex reflection coefficient of the horn which agrees well with experiment for horns with slant wall lengths greater than about 3\frac{1}{2} guide wavelengths.
Secular Variation in Economic Geology

The temporal pattern of ore deposits on a constantly evolving Earth reflects the complex interplay between the evolving global tectonic regime, episodic mantle plume events, overall changes in global heat flow, atmospheric and oceanic redox states, and even singular impact and glaciation events. Within this framework, a particular ore deposit type will tend to have a time-bound nature. In other words, there are times in Earth history when particular deposit types are absent, times when these deposits are present but scarce, times when they are abundant, and still other times for which we lack sufficient data. Understanding of such secular variation provides a critical first-order tool for exploration targeting, because rocks that have formed or were deformed during a certain time slice may be very permissive for a given deposit type, whereas identification of rocks of less favorable ages would help eliminate large areas during exploration programs. Secular analysis, therefore, is potentially a powerful tool for mineral resource assessment in poorly known terranes, providing a quick filter for favorability of a given deposit type using age of host rocks. Factors bearing on the known age distribution of a particular type of deposit include the following: (1) uneven preservation, (2) data gaps, (3) contingencies of plate motions, and (4) long-term secular changes in the Earth System. The present special issue of Economic Geology is focused on the latter factor, although all of these are interrelated. The selective preservation of certain mineral deposit types and the greater susceptibility for shallowly formed ores in tectonically active environments to be lost to erosion define a pattern that is superimposed on the secular formational trends (e.g., Groves et al., 2005a, b; Kerrich et al., 2005). With improved geochronological methods and the availability of information on important mineral deposits from most parts of the …
Modeling the reflectance spectrum of Callisto 0.25 to 4.1 μm

Models employing Hapke's (1981) radiative transfer theory are presented for the 0.2-4.1 micron reflectance spectrum. A simultaneous intimate, as well as aereal, mixture solution of ice and dark material is envisioned, in order to satisfy both absorption band depths and reflectance levels. The models indicate that the surface's ice component is rather large-grained, and that the major spectral features above about 2.5 microns cannot be accounted for by the ice. Spectra obtained for the nonice material were similar to each other; their absorption features resemble hydrated silicates bearing both oxidation states of iron.
Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat protein specifically bind TAR RNA

Proteolytically produced carboxyl-terminal fragments of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein that include a conserved region rich in arginine and lysine bind specifically to transactivation response RNA sequences (TAR). A chemically synthesized 14-residue peptide spanning the basic subdomain also recognizes TAR, identifying this subdomain as central for RNA interaction. TAR RNA forms a stable hairpin that includes a six-residue loop, a trinucleotide pyrimidine bulge, and extensive duplex structure. Competition and interference experiments show that the Tat-derived fragments bind to double-stranded RNA and interact specifically at the pyrimidine bulge and adjacent duplex of TAR.
Expedited admission of patients decreases duration of mechanical ventilation and shortens ICU stay

Abstract Background To determine if expedited admission ( Methods Patients with respiratory failure that required intubation and mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the hospital between June 2004 and May 2006 were retrospectively identified from the Project IMPACT database. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on ED length of stay: expedited ( 2 hours). Results The expedited (n = 12) and nonexpedited (n = 66) groups were comparable in demographics, medical conditions, and disease severity. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the expedited group (28.4 hours vs 67.9 hours; P = .0431), as was mean ICU length of stay (2.4 days vs 4.9 days; P = .0209). Length of hospital stay tended to be shorter for the patients in the expedited group (6.8 days vs 8.9 days; P = .0609). Conclusions Expedited admission (
Compression of Human Body Sequences Using Graph Wavelet Filter Banks

The next step in immersive communication beyond video from a single camera is object-based free viewpoint video, which is the capture and compression of a dynamic object such that it can be reconstructed and viewed from an arbitrary viewpoint. The moving human body is a particularly useful subclass of dynamic object for object-based free viewpoint video relevant to both telepresence and entertainment. In this paper, we compress moving human body sequences by applying recently developed Graph Wavelet Filter Banks to time-varying geometry and color signals living on a mesh representation of the human body. This model-based approach significantly outperforms state- of-the-art coding of the human body represented as ordinary depth plus color video sequences. I. INTRODUCTION
The absorption of fatty acids by functional bovine mammary cells

Freshly dispersed bovine mammary cells rapidly absorbed long chain fatty acids from the culture medium. Differences in the rates of absorption were observed, i.e., palmitic > stearic > oleic > myristic > linoleic acid. The preponderance of the fatty acids absorbed were esterified into triglycerides (>75%) and the remainder were mostly incorporated into phospholipids. The cells secreted triglycerides into the culture medium. Of the phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine always contained most of the radioactivity in all experiments with labeled fatty acids. These observations are related to the metabolism of mammary cells in vivo.
Termination of the northwestern Basin and Range province into a clockwise rotating region of transtension and volcanism, southeast Oregon

Abstract New data indicate that northeast-directed extensional faulting characterizes slip across the Brothers fault zone (BFZ), which marks the northern limit of the northwestern Basin and Range (NWBR) extensional province in southeastern Oregon. Structural separation across individual north-northeast striking NWBR faults decreases to zero south of the BFZ. Field relationships and cross-sections demonstrate limited kinematic linkage and independent evolution of the two fault systems since ∼7 Ma. West-directed extension accumulated on NWBR faults at 0.01 mm/yr and lengthened northward after 7.05 Ma. BFZ faults accumulated northeast-directed extension at rates of 0.01 mm/yr since 5.68 Ma. Deformation coincides with periods of heightened basaltic magmatism in the High Lava Plains, implying that volcanism weakened the crust and promoted extension in the BFZ. In a new model, we reconcile the observed northward diminishing rate and clockwise motion of the modern NWBR deformation field with regional geology. The BFZ defines a small circle about the pole of rotation and separates a stable block to the NE from the extending region to the south. Faults to the south are growing northward, consistent with the northward decrease in rate and magnitude of extension in the NWBR.
Parisian nobles, a Scottish princess, and the woman's voice in late medieval song

Perhaps the best-known songs of Antoine Busnoys are those whose texts conceal in acrostics or puns some form of the name ‘Jacqueline d'Aqueville’ (for the song texts and translations see Appendix 1).The first letters in each line of A vous sans autre (no. 2) and Je ne puis vivre ainsi toujours (no. 3) yield the acrostics ‘A Iaqveljne’ and ‘Jaqueljne d'Aqvevjle’ respectively; the first line of A que ville est abhominable (no. 4) makes a pun on the surname ‘Aqueville’; and the incipit of Ja que lui ne si actende (no. 1) forms an ambiguous series of monosyllables that can also be read as the name ‘Jaqueline’.
Dynamic mechanical studies on secondary relaxations of ethylene copolymers

Abstract For ethylene copolymers, secondary relaxations control many important functional properties, such as room temperature ductility and subambient impact toughness. The location and intensity of these relaxations could also indicate the local environments of the polymer main chain. For example, the “crankshaft” motions for the methylene sequences give rise to the γ transition and the β relaxation introduced by the side branches. We have undertaken a broad based study of several families of copolymers of widely different chemical compositions including vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and α-olefins. Comparisons have been obtained both from within the family as a function of co-monomer content and between families for the effect of the chemically different side groups. Interesting contrasts have been found. For example, the relative intensity of the β relaxation versus that of the α transition is a function of the crystallinity. Within the family of the ultralow density polyethylenes derived from different polymerization processes, the breadth of the β relaxation is found to be strongly related to the homogeneity of the short chain distribution as independently measured by the temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique.
Energetic requirements of active transepithelial Na and Cl transport in the isolated bullfrog cornea.

Abstract In the isolated bullfrog cornea, the energetic requirements were estimated of anaerobic active transepithelial Na and Cl transport (i.e. Δ Na Δ ATP and Δ Cl Δ ATP ). These estimates were done by measuring the corresponding effects of various stimulators and inhibitors of active transepithelial Na and Cl transport on anaerobic lactate efflux and the short-circuit current (s.c.c.). In NaCl Ringer's solution, 10−5 m -amphotericin B stimulated the calculated rate of active transepithelial Na transport by between 0·86 and 1·12 μEq/hr.cm2. The corresponding increase in lactate efflux was 0·29 μmol/hr.cm2. Assuming that glucose is the sole substrate for anaerobic glycolysis, the energetic requirement as estimated from these stimulatory effects on active transepithelial Na transport is between 3·0 and 3·9. The energetic requirement of active transepithelial Cl transport was studied by considering the corresponding effects on lactate efflux and the Cl-originated s.c.c. of various known selective inhibitors and stimulators of the Cl-originated s.c.c. The Cl energetic requirement could not be estimated from either the inhibitory effects of 10−5 m -bumetanide or 3 × 10−4 m -furosemide since both of these drugs only inhibited the Cl-originated s.c.c. without affecting lactate efflux. Only 10−3 m -ouabain had a slight inhibitory effect on lactate efflux. The selective stimulants of active transepithelial Cl transport, 10−4 m -epinephrine and 2 × 10−3 m -theophylline had large stimulatory effects on the s.c.c. but did not affect lactate efflux. Only the stimulant 10−5 m -A23187 (calcium ionophore), which had the largest stimulatory effect on the Cl-originated s.c.c, significantly stimulated the lactate efflux. From the inhibitory effects of 10−3 m -ouabain on the A23187 stimulated s.c.c. and lactate efflux, the energetic requirement of active transepithelial Cl transport is equivalent to a movement of 4·0 mol of Cl per mol of ATP.
Working Our Hyphens: Exploring Identity Relations in Qualitative Research

Through the work of Michelle Fine and others, researchers are encouraged to examine the processes of qualitative research in a manner that attends to the lived experiences of those who participate in a given research project. The authors explore identity relations in qualitative research, specifically asking how their research projects are situated within the context of their identities, how their identities have shifted throughout their research processes in relation to the identities of the participants, and, ultimately, how and why this matters to their projects in terms of connections with and access to research sites and participants. As individual researchers, the authors have been guided by their own questions and have focused on seemingly distinct research spaces. Rather than remain in isolation, they have chosen to merge their research for this exploration as a means of encouraging each other to raise questions about identity that may not have been raised otherwise.
Von Willebrand Factor and the Endothelium

Endothelial cells are the principal source of plasma and basement membrane von Willebrand factor (vWF). To arrive at its biologically active multimeric form, vWF undergoes a series of intracellular processing steps. The protein is synthesized as a large precursor pro-vWF, which dimerizes in the endoplasmic reticulum through disulfide bonds located in the carboxyl-terminal portion of the subunit. Only dimers are transported to the Golgi apparatus. Expression of truncated pro-vWF subunits, which lack the last 20 kd, abolishes the requirement for dimerization and thereby allows the monomeric protein to be secreted. Another requirement for intracellular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum is N-linked glycosylation. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation prevents exit of both the wild-type and the truncated vWF from the endoplasmic reticulum. In the acidic environment of the trans-Golgi and post-Golgi compartments, pro-vWF dimers multimerize by a second set of interchain disulfide bonds. The presence of the vWF propolypeptide and acidic pH conditions are necessary for the multimerization process. The largest vWF multimers are stored in endothelial cell-specific organelles called Weibel-Palade bodies. At the site of vascular injury and inflammation, physiologic secretagogues such as thrombin, fibrin, and histamine may cause release of these large, biologically potent vWF multimers from the Weibel-Palade bodies into the surrounding blood and subendothelium.
Multi-systemic involvement in NGLY1-related disorder caused by two novel mutations

NGLY1-related disorder is a newly described autosomal recessive condition characterized by neurological, hepatic, ophthalmological findings and associated with dysmorphic features, constipation and scoliosis. It is caused by mutations in NGLY1, which encodes an enzyme, N-glycanase 1, involved in deglycosylation of glycoproteins, an essential step in the endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. The disorder has been described in eight patients. We investigated the molecular basis and phenotype of NGLY1-related disorder in an additional patient. The proband is a 14-year-old who presented in early infancy with profound hypotonia and elevated transaminases. Liver biopsy showed lipid accumulation with dilated endoplasmic reticulum. He exhibited global developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, seizures, involuntary body movements, muscle atrophy, absent reflexes, and poor growth. He had multiple procedures for lacrimal duct stenosis and strabismus and had intractable blepharitis. He had severe osteopenia and persistent hypocholesterolemia. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel variants in NGLY1: a truncating mutation, c.347C > G (p.S116X), and a splicing mutation, c.881 + 5G (p.IVS5 + 5G>T), predicted to abolish the splice donor site of exon 5. This study, along with previously reported cases, suggests that mutations in NGLY1 cause a recognizable phenotype and targeted sequencing should be considered in patients with typical presentation. This study expands the molecular spectrum of NGLY1-related condition and suggests that osteopenia and hypocholesterolemia may be part of the phenotype. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, Computational Prediction, and Biological Evaluation of Ester Soft Drugs as Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase from Pneumocystis carinii

A series of lipophilic soft drugs structurally related to the nonclassical dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors trimetrexate and piritrexim have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in DHFR assays, with special emphasis on the inhibition of P. carinii DHFR. The best inhibitors, encompassing an ester bond in the bridge connecting the two aromatic systems, were approximately 10 times less potent than trimetrexate and piritrexim. The metabolites were designed to be poor inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of three ligands in complex with DHFR from Pneumocystis carinii and from the human enzyme were conducted in order to better understand the factors determining the selectivity. A correct ranking of the relative inhibition of DHFR was achieved utilizing the linear interaction energy method. The soft drugs are intended for local administration. One representative ester was selected for a pharmacokinetic study in rats where it was found to undergo fast metabolic degradation to the predicted inactive metabolites.
Rapid assay for γ-carboxyglutamic acid in urine and bone by precolumn derivatization and reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Abstract A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the analysis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in urine and bone protein hydrolyzates is described. The method employs precolumn derivatization with o -phthalaldehyde and mercaptoethanol. Gla was quantified by reference to an internal standard (β-carboxyaspartic acid). The “within-run” coefficient of variation of the assay for Gla in urine was between 2.1 and 3.4%, and that for bone protein hydrolyzates was 3.2%. The “between-run” coefficient of variation ranged from 4.1 to 5.5%. There was good agreement between the measurement of urinary Gla by high-performance liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer. Free Gla could not be detected in serum.
Zero-Field Magnetic Relaxation in Cerous Magnesium Nitrate below 0.2 K

The magnetic relaxation of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ in cerous magnesium nitrate (CMN) has been measured in zero applied field at temperatures in the range 0.02-0.2 K. For pure CMN, the relaxation is phonon bottlenecked, with some evidence for resonant trapping. Addition of Pr impurity to CMN reduces the severity of the bottleneck, apparently by excitation of the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ hyperfine levels via a two-phonon process. With sufficient Pr content, the relaxation becomes dominated by the thermal boundary resistance between the bath and the crystal lattice.
Honeywill-Elac Bottom Chart

1. Introduction - Capabilities if Bottom Chart and its application for surveying large areas of sea bottom 2. System description and explanation of its operating principles 2.1 Sensor and signal processor subsystem 2.2 Processing ant graphics octput subsystem 2.3 System sc>ftware 3. Technical data ard sbmmary of features
Induction and Bypass of p53 during Productive Infection by Polyomavirus

Lytic infection by polyomavirus leads to elevated levels of p53 and induction of p53 target genes p21Cip1/WAF1 (p21) and BAX. This is seen both in polyomavirus-infected primary mouse cell cultures and in kidney tissue of infected mice. Stabilization of p53 and induction of a p53 response are accompanied by phosphorylation of p53 on serine 18, mimicking a DNA damage response. Stabilization of p53 does not depend on p19Arf interaction with mdm2. Cells infected by a mutant virus defective in binding pRb and in inducing G1-to-S progression show a greatly diminished p53 response. However, cells infected by wild-type virus and blocked from entering S phase by addition of mimosine still show a p53 response. These results suggest a role of E2F target genes in inducing a p53 response. Polyomavirus large T antigen coprecipitates with p53 phosphorylated on serine 18 and also with p21Cip1/WAF1. Implications of these and other findings on possible mechanisms of induction and override of p53 functions during productive infection by polyomavirus are discussed.
Behavioral (life-style) modification in the prevention and treatment of hypertension

Abstract The importance of behavioral (life-style) factors in hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk is now widely recognized. The 1993 Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommended adoption of life-style changes as definitive and adjunctive treatment for hypertension. This paper reviews the major behavioral intervention areas, including relaxation and biofeedback, weight reduction, low sodium diets, aerobic exercise, and alcohol intake moderation. Findings from major or representative clinical trials illustrate the effects of each of these types of interventions on blood pressure in individuals with elevated blood pressure and their preventive effects in individuals with high normal pressure. Results from trials evaluating treatment packages that combine several types of behavioral interventions are also discussed. The epidemiology of hypertension and issues of diagnosis, including the phenomenon of “white coat” hypertension, are also briefly reviewed. Challenges for behavioral researchers and clinicians to further improve effectiveness of behavioral interventions are presented as questions for future research.
Overview: The Impact of Microbial Genomics on Food Safety

The first use of the term “genome” is attributed to Hans Winkler in his 1920 publication Verbeitung und Ursache der Parthenogenesis im Pflanzen und Tierreiche (Winkler, 1920). However, it was not until 1986 that the study of genomic concepts coalesced with the creation of a new journal by the same name (McKusick, 1997). The study of genomics was initially defined as the use or the application of “informatic tools” to study features of a sequenced genome (Strauss and Falkow, 1997). Today the field of genomics is typically considered to encompass efforts to determine the nucleic acid DNA sequence of an organism as well as the expression of genetic information using high-throughput, genome-wide methods, including transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses.
A ROLE FOR PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE IN THE REGULATION OF BETA 1 INTEGRIN ACTIVITY BY THE CD2 ANTIGEN

The rapid and reversible upregulation of the functional activity of integrin receptors on T lymphocytes is a vital step in the adhesive interactions that occur during successful T cell recognition of foreign antigen and transendothelial migration. Although the ligation of several different cell surface receptors, including the antigen-specific CD3/T cell receptor complex, the CD2, CD7, and CD28 antigens, as well as several chemokine receptors, has been shown to rapidly upregulate integrin function, the intracellular signaling events that initiate this increase in adhesion remain poorly defined. In this study, we have used DNA-mediated gene transfer to explore the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) in the upregulation of beta 1 integrin functional activity mediated by the CD2 antigen. CD2 was expressed in the myelomonocytic cell line HL60, which expresses beta 1 integrins that mediate adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM-1 in an activation-dependent manner. Antibody stimulation of CD2 expressed on HL60 transfectants resulted within minutes in increased beta 1-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM-1 at levels comparable to that obtained upon stimulation with the phorbol ester PMA. A role for PI 3-K in CD2-mediated increases in beta 1 integrin function is suggested by: (a) the ability of the PI 3-K inhibitor wortmannin to completely inhibit CD2-induced increases in beta 1 integrin activity; (b) the association of PI 3-K with CD2; and (c) induced PI 3-K activity upon CD2 stimulation. The mode of association of PI 3-K with CD2 is not mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent binding of PI 3-K via SH2 domains, since: (a) PI 3-K is associated with CD2 in unstimulated cells; (b) CD2 stimulation fails to increase the amount of associated PI 3-K; and (c) the CD2 cytoplasmic domain lacks tyrosine residues. A role for both protein kinase C and cytoskeletal rearrangements in CD2 regulation of integrin activity is also suggested, since a PKC inhibitor partially inhibits CD2-induced increases in beta 1 integrin function, and CD2 stimulation increases F-actin content in a wortmannin-sensitive manner. Analysis of human peripheral T cells indicated that CD2 stimulation also results in PI 3-K-dependent upregulation of beta 1 integrin activity. Thus, these results demonstrate that CD2 can function as an adhesion regulator in the absence of expression of the CD3/T cell receptor complex; and directly implicate PI 3-K as a critical intracellular mediator involved in the regulation of beta 1 integrin functional activity by the CD2 antigen.
Monte Carlo Loop Refinement of Trans-Membrane Domain of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor

While the ectodomain structure of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSH-R) a GPCR, has been recently reported (Sanders, Chirgadze et al. 2007), for the transmembrane domain (TMD) only model structures exist. However, for virtual screen of small molecules targeting the TMD domain region reliable structure is a prerequisite. In this work we have used an ab initio method, that previously had reported to reproduce crystal structures within 2 A RMSD, to model 3 extra-cellular and 3 intra-cellular TSHR-TMD loops (Cui, Mezei et al. 2008). The method employs Modeller (Sali and Blundell 1993) to generate an initial loop structure. This is followed by a Metropolis Monte Carlo run in the torsion angle space of the of loop regions at high temperature for extensive sampling of the conformation space. Selected conformations are subjected to simulated annealing and the final structure with the lowest energy is chosen as the loop structure.The Charmm molecular mechanics force field is used for the VdW interactions between the protein atoms and for the torsion angles; water is represented by a sigmoidal distance dependent dielectric function and the Autodock desolvation term (Cui, Mezei et al. 2008). In addition, explicit hydrogen-bonding terms are used. We will present the computational and structural details of the methods used.
Co-production of knowledge–action systems in urban sustainable governance: The KASA approach

Abstract This paper examines how knowledge–action systems – the networks of actors involved in the production, sharing and use of policy-relevant knowledge – work in the process of developing sustainable strategies for cities. I developed an interdisciplinary framework – the knowledge–action system analysis (KASA) framework – that integrates concepts of the co-production of knowledge and social order with social network analysis tools to analyze existing configurations of knowledge–action systems in the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and how these are shaping both what we know and how we envision the future of cities. I applied KASA in the context of land use and green area governance and found that a diverse network of actors are contributing diverse knowledge types, thus showing potential for innovation in governance. This potential is conditioned, however, by various political and cultural factors, such as: (1) actors dominating knowledge about land use are the same ones that control urban land resources, (2) conventional planning expertise and procedures dominate over other alternative ways of knowing; (3) multiple visions and boundary arrangements co-exist in the city, and (4) boundary spanning opportunities limited by assumptions that knowledge and action should be done in distinct spheres of city planning. This study shows that developing adaptive and innovative capacities for sustainability is not solely a matter of harnessing more science, but about managing the politics of knowledge and visions that emerge from complex governance systems.
Skeletal muscle satellite cell migration to injured tissue measured with111In-oxine and high-resolution SPECT imaging

The delivery of adult skeletal muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, to several injured muscles via the circulation would be useful, however, an improved understanding of cell fate and biodistribution following their delivery is important for this goal to be achieved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of systemically delivered satellite cells to home to injured skeletal muscle using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of 111In-labeled satellite cells. Satellite cells labeled with 111In-oxine and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected intravenously after bupivicaine-induced injury to the tibialis anterior muscle. Animals were imaged with a high-resolution SPECT system called FastSPECT II for up to 7 days after transplantation. In vivo FastSPECT II imaging demonstrated a three to five-fold greater number of transplanted satellite cells in bupivicaine-injured muscle as compared to un-injured muscle after transplantation; a finding that was verified through autoradiograph analysis and quantification of GFP expression. Satellite cells also accumulated in other organs including the lung, liver, and spleen, as determined by biodistribution measurements. These data support the ability of satellite cells to home to injured muscle and support the use of SPECT and autoradiograph imaging techniques to track systemically transplanted 111In labeled satellite cells in vivo, and suggest their homing may be improved by reducing their entrapment in filter organs.
Priority Areas for Research on the Intake, Composition, and Health Effects of Tree Nuts and Peanuts

This article summarizes the main conclusions drawn from a conference on the health effects of nut consumption and identifies priority areas for future research. Individuals with higher intakes of nuts generally have higher intakes of many beneficial dietary constituents. More information is needed on nut composition, the bioavailability of nutrients, and other bioactive constituents. Better methods are needed to assess usual nut intake, including biomarkers, and the types, physical form, and amounts of nuts that are consumed. The feasibility of including nuts and seeds as a separate food group in the Dietary Guidelines should be tested, as should ways to increase nut intake. A moderate intake of nuts can be included in a weight loss regimen and further information is needed on whether nuts improve satiety as well as adherence to and efficacy of diets designed for weight reduction. There is substantial evidence that nut consumption reduces risk of cardiovascular disease. Future research should investigate their benefits for prevention of congestive heart failure, including clinical studies in patients with this condition, to evaluate the effects of nuts on markers of heart disease risk. Higher nut consumption is associated with lower risk of diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease. More remains to be learned about the effects of nuts on postprandial glycemic and insulin response, glycemic control, and improvement of disease risk factors in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes. Information is needed on nut-induced allergic reactions, including their prevalence and consequences, causes of sensitization, biomarkers of severe reactions, and cross-reactivity to different types of nuts.
Candesartan abrogates G protein-coupled receptors agonist-induced MAPK activation and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been identified as a major contributor to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent transition to heart failure. G protein-coupled receptors agonists such as angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and phenylephrine (PE) have been implicated in hypertrophic responses in ventricular myocytes through the activation of several families of MAP kinases. In this study we examined the effect of candesartan, an Ang II type 1-(AT 1)-receptor antagonist, on cardiac hypertrophy by using cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Stimulation with Ang II (100 nM), ET-1 (100 nM) or PE (1 µM) induced marked increases in [ 3 H]Leucine incorporation (≥ 50%), compatible with enhanced protein synthesis. The addition of candesartan abrogated the increase in [ 3 H]Leucine incorporation in response not only to Ang II but also to ET-1 and PE. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this antihypertrophic effect of candesartan, we studied the activation of p38-MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Ang II, ET-1 and PE increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p54 SAPK and p46 SAPK
Ventilation-perfusion inequality in the human lung is not increased following no-decompression-stop hyperbaric exposure

Venous gas bubbles occur in recreational SCUBA divers in the absence of decompression sickness, forming venous gas emboli (VGE) which are trapped within pulmonary circulation and cleared by the lung without overt pathology. We hypothesized that asymptomatic VGE would transiently increase ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to their occlusive effects within the pulmonary circulation. Two sets of healthy volunteers (n = 11, n = 12) were recruited to test this hypothesis with a single recreational ocean dive or a baro-equivalent dry hyperbaric dive. Pulmonary studies (intrabreath V (A)/Q (iV/Q), alveolar dead space, and FVC) were conducted at baseline and repeat 1- and 24-h after the exposure. Contrary to our hypothesis V (A)/Q mismatch was decreased 1-h post-SCUBA dive (iV/Q slope 0.023 +/- 0.008 ml(-1) at baseline vs. 0.010 +/- 0.005 NS), and was significantly reduced 24-h post-SCUBA dive (0.000 +/- 0.005, p < 0.05), with improved V (A)/Q homogeneity inversely correlated to dive severity. No changes in V (A)/Q mismatch were observed after the chamber dive. Alveolar dead space decreased 24-h post-SCUBA dive (78 +/- 10 ml at baseline vs. 56 +/- 5, p < 0.05), but not 1-h post dive. FVC rose 1-h post-SCUBA dive (5.01 +/- 0.18 l vs. 5.21 +/- 0.26, p < 0.05), remained elevated 24-h post SCUBA dive (5.06 +/- 0.2, p < 0.05), but was decreased 1-hr after the chamber dive (4.96 +/- 0.31 L to 4.87 +/- 0.32, p < 0.05). The degree of V (A)/Q mismatch in the lung was decreased following recreational ocean dives, and was unchanged following an equivalent air chamber dive, arguing against an impact of VGE on the pulmonary circulation.
Asystole Immediately Following Intravenous Fat Emulsion for Overdose

Use of intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) for the treatment of poisoned patients in extremis is increasing. Little literature exists describing failures and complications of IFE. We describe two cardiac arrests temporally associated with IFE. A 50-year-old woman presented after ingesting 80 total tablets of metoprolol 25 mg and bupropion 150 mg. Bradycardia and hypotension were refractory to calcium salts, catecholamines, and high dose insulin (HDI). With a pulse of 40/min and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg, 100 mL of 20 % IFE was given; within 30 s, brady-asystolic arrest occurred. Pulses returned after 3 min of CPR. The patient died on hospital day 4 of multisystem organ failure (MSOF). A 53-year-old man presented after ingesting of 3,600 mg of diltiazem and 1,200 mg of propranolol. Bradycardia and hypotension were refractory to calcium salts, catecholamines, HDI, bicarbonate, and atropine. With a pulse of 30/min and a MAP of 40 mmHg, 150 mL of 20 % IFE was given; within 1 min, a brady-asystolic arrest occurred. Pulses returned after 6 min of CPR. The patient died on hospital day 7 of MSOF. Reported cases of IFE failures or potential complications are sparse. This report adds only case experience, not clarity. We report two cardiac arrests that were temporally associated with IFE.
Species Diversity and Succession of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae) Attracted to Horse Dung on Assateague Island

Abstract Barrier islands represent unusual and fragile ecosystems, influenced by multiple physical stressors and populated by organisms that are resource and habitat specialists. Dung beetles (Coleoptera) provide essential ecosystem services through the removal of dung from the environment. Their role in the unique environment of a barrier island dominated by a large non-native grazing species has not been widely investigated. Using linear transects of pitfall traps baited with human dung, we examined the species diversity of dung beetles found in three habitats (marsh, dunes, and forest) of Assateague Island, a barrier island off the coast of Maryland and Virginia, USA. Fifteen species (13,626 individuals) were collected. Estimates of species richness suggest there may be an additional 3–6 species on the island that were not sampled in this study. Heterotrophic succession of dung beetles attracted to horse dung was also examined and compared between Assateague Island and mainland horse farms. Observation...
Ecological Notes and Laboratory Life History of the Canyon Mouse

The canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus pergracilis , was more difficult to rear in captivity than other cricetids. It is seasonally polyestrous in the laboratory, but young are born all months of the year. Gestation during lactation was 27–31 days; a limited amount of evidence indicates non-lactating pregnancies last approximately 24–25 days. Litter size ranges from 1–5; only one litter of 5 was recorded among 130 litters. Females had as many as 8 litters per year, average 2.05. Maximum reproductive lifetime of females was 46 months. Young are born in a slightly more advanced state than deer mice, but are not weaned until 4 weeks of age. A few pairs bred when only 70 days old; most breeders did not produce young until they were 4–6 months of age. Examples of catches from marginal, good and excellent canyon mouse habitat are given, together with associated small mammals from each.
Performance of IT-SOFC with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Functional Layer at the Interface of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Electrolyte and Ni-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Anode

In this work we present a method for dispersing nano-sized Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) particles at the GDC electrolyte and Ni-GDC anode interface. Dispersed nanosized particles were deposited to form an anode functional layer (AFL). Anode supports were prepared by tape casting of large micron-sized NiO powder and sub micron-sized GDC powder without pore former. For the cathode a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF)-GDC composite was used. Without an AFL the open circuit potential (OCP) and the maximum power density were 0.677 V and 286 mW/cm2, respectively, at 650 {degree sign}C. With an AFL the OCP and the maximum power density increased to 0.796 V and 486mW/cm2, respectively, at the same temperature. Two point probe impedance measurements revealed that the AFL fabricated by the proposed method not only increased the OCP but also reduced the anode polarization. The effect of AFL pre-sintering is also presented.
An Enterobryus Occurring in the Milliped Scytonotus Granulatus (Say)

The second genus of fungi belonging to the order Eccrinales, whose members live as commensals in the hindguts of Arthropods, was described by Joseph Leidy in 1850 and named Eccrina. Two species from different millipeds, E. longa and E. miniliforma, were the basis for establishing the new genus. Eccrina was distinguished from Enterobryus, the first genus described belonging to the Eccrinales, solely on the number of terminal cells (sporangia) possessed by the thalli. It has been pointed out (Lichtwardt, 1954) that this criterion alone is not valid for recognizing the two distinct genera. Eccrina moniliformis 3 was collected and studied by the writer from the same species of host dissected by Leidy. For reasons discussed later in this paper, Eccrina moniliformis is believed to be a species of Enterobryus and therefore is transferred to that genus.
Abstract 1293: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin regulates the expression of angiogenic cytokines and VEGF in human breast and ovarian cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; lipocalin 2) is a small extracellular protein (25 kDa) that is a member of the lipocalin protein family. It has been shown to bind ferric siderophores and to play an important role in iron metabolism. Increased NGAL levels have been reported in a variety of epithelial cancers, including breast, ovary, pancreas, colon, esophagus and thyroid cancer. We have recently reported that NGAL promotes breast cancer progression by inducing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the course of these studies, we observed an increase in microvessel density in NGAL-expressing tumors. In the current study, we explored the potential role of NGAL in tumor angiogenesis by studying its effects on the expression of angiogenic factors. We first determined the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in NGAL-expressing cells derived from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Using reverse-transcriptase PCR and ELISA, VEGF was found to be induced by NGAL at both the transcript and protein levels. Consistently, HIF-1α, one of the most important transcriptional regulators of VEGF, was observed to be accumulated in the nuclei of NGAL-expressing cells. Silencing of HIF-1α in NGAL-expressing cells significantly reduced VEGF expression. Consistent with this NGAL-induced VEGF production, there was a significant increase in endothelial cell migration towards the conditioned media collected from NGAL-expressing cells. Interestingly, treatment with a VEGF-neutralizing antibody only partially inhibited the migration-inducing activity of the conditioned media, suggesting that NGAL might induce the secretion of other angiogenic factors. To investigate this possibility, a panel of angiogenic factors was compared between the conditioned media collected from NGAL-expressing cells and control MCF-7 cells using antibody arrays. Several angiogenic cytokines, including IL-6, MCP-1 and GM-CSF, were found to be upregulated with NGAL expression. The effects of NGAL on VEGF and angiogenic cytokine production were also studied in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. In this study, NGAL was silenced in SKOV-3 cells using specific siRNAs. The levels of both VEGF and IL-6 were found to be reduced after NGAL silencing, suggesting that NGAL's control of VEGF and cytokine production may be common among cancer cell types. These results suggest a novel mechanism through which NGAL may promote tumor angiogenesis and progression. (This work is supported by NIH R01 CA118764, P01 CA045548 and The Advanced Medical Foundation.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1293.