cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotion processing in Alzheimer's disease

Emotion processing deficits may have an important effect on the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and their families, yet there are few studies in this area and little is known about the cause of such deficits in AD. This study sought to determine if some AD patients have a disruption in a specific right hemisphere emotion processing system, and to determine if the processing of emotional facial expression is more vulnerable to the pathology of AD than is the perception of emotional prosody. It was specifically hypothesized that patients with greater right hemisphere dysfunction (low spatial AD patients) would be impaired on emotion processing tasks relative to those with predominantly left hemisphere dysfunction (low verbal AD patients). Both groups showed impairment on emotion processing tasks but for different reasons. The low verbal patients performed poorly on the affect processing measures because they had difficulty comprehending and/or remembering the task instructions. In contrast, low spatial AD patients have emotion processing deficits that are independent of language and/or memory and may be due to a more general visuoperceptual deficit that affects the perception of static but not dynamic affective stimuli.
Adaptation-Induced Plasticity of Orientation Tuning in Adult Visual Cortex

A key emergent property of the primary visual cortex (V1) is the orientation selectivity of its neurons. The extent to which adult visual cortical neurons can exhibit changes in orientation selectivity is unknown. Here we use single-unit recording and intrinsic signal imaging in V1 of adult cats to demonstrate systematic repulsive shifts in orientation preference following short-term exposure (adaptation) to one stimulus orientation. In contrast to the common view of adaptation as a passive process by which responses around the adapting orientation are reduced, we show that changes in orientation tuning also occur due to response increases at orientations away from the adapting stimulus. Adaptation-induced orientation plasticity is thus an active time-dependent process that involves network interactions and includes both response depression and enhancement.
Same structure, different function: Crystal structure of the Epstein-Barr virus IL-10 bound to the soluble IL-10R1 chain

Human IL-10 (hIL-10) is a cytokine that modulates diverse immune responses. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome contains an IL-10 homolog (vIL-10) that shares high sequence and structural similarity with hIL-10. Although vIL-10 suppresses inflammatory responses like hIL-10, it cannot activate many other immunostimulatory functions performed by the cellular cytokine. These functional differences have been correlated with the approximately 1000-fold lower affinity of vIL-10, compared to hIL-10, for the IL-10R1 receptor chain. To define the structural basis for these observations, crystal structures of vIL-10 and a vIL-10 point mutant were determined bound to the soluble IL-10R1 receptor fragment (sIL-10R1) at 2.8 and 2.7 A resolution, respectively. The structures reveal that subtle changes in the conformation and dynamics of the vIL-10 AB and CD loops and an orientation change of vIL-10 on sIL-10R1 are the main factors responsible for vIL-10's reduced affinity for sIL-10R1 and its distinct biological profile.
Men's Behavior Toward Women After Viewing Sexually-Explicit Films: Degradation Makes a Difference

Past research indicates that short-term exposure to nonviolent sexual media stimuli can produce cognitive changes in men which, in turn, can affect their behavior toward women. This study explored differences among these behavioral effects based upon sexual degradation in film content and male viewers' gender schematicity, as an extension of the study of cognitive effects reported in Jansma, Linz, Mulac, and Imrich (1997). Seventy-one men viewed one of three films: (a) sexually-explicit and degrading to women, (b) sexually-explicit but non-degrading, or (c) non-sexual. The men then interacted with women in problem-solving dyads that were recorded on videotape. Men who viewed either sexually-explicit film displayed more dominance and anxiety than did the men who viewed the non-sexual film. This was true, however, for only the two-thirds who were non sex-typed (BSRI, Bem, 1974). Sex-typed men's behavior was consistent across sexual versus non-sexual film conditions. In addition, men who viewed the degrading...
Postgenomic technologies targeting the Wnt signaling network.

The recent development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the availability of whole genome sequences of a variety of living organisms, including that of humans, have led to an enormous push in the quest for a comprehensive inquiry for the function of each and every gene discovered in different model organisms. A major conclusion from the sequencing projects was that while forward genetics had been extremely successful in identifying key genes/components of many biological processes, such as signal transduction cascades, the function(s) of the majority of genes in the genome remains a mystery. In this article, we discuss the use of a variety of high-throughput postgenomic tools, including functional genomics, proteomics, and chemical genetics that are being implemented in an exhaustive molecular dissection of a key evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway, namely the Wnt/wingless (wg) pathway and its associated signaling network. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 649–665 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.140 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Rotation invariant neural network-based face detection

In this paper, we present a neural network-based face detection system. Unlike similar systems which are limited to detecting upright, frontal faces, this system detects faces at any degree of rotation in the image plane. The system employs multiple networks; a "router" network first processes each input window to determine its orientation and then uses this information to prepare the window for one or more "detector" networks. We present the training methods for both types of networks. We also perform sensitivity analysis on the networks, and present empirical results on a large test set. Finally, we present preliminary results for detecting faces rotated out of the image plane, such as profiles and semi-profiles.
Design of a bright polarized head-mounted projection display

In optical see-through head-mounted displays, it has been a common challenge that the displayed image lacks brightness and contrast compared with the direct view of a real-world scene. Consequently, such displays are usually used in dimmed lighting conditions, which limits the feasibility of applying such information displays outdoors or in scenarios where well-lit environments, such as in operation rooms, are required. The lack of image brightness is aggravated in the design of a see-through head-mounted projection display (HMPD). For instance, the overall flux transfer efficiency of existing HMPD designs is less than 10%. The design of a polarized head-mounted projection display (p-HMPD) is presented. The images of a p-HMPD system can potentially be three times brighter than those in existing HMPD designs. It is further demonstrated that the p-HMPD design is able to dramatically improve image brightness, contrast, and color vividness with experimental results. Finally, the design of a compact optical system and helmet prototype is described.
MORE ABOUT LICENSURE: Author's response

I was quite disappointed when I read the February JADA article by Dr. David Chambers, “Portfolios for Determining Initial Licensure Competency.” I was pleased that he emphasized the importance of using patients to adequately evaluate the competence of candidates for licensure. I was disappointed that he treats clinical licensing examinations as though they are all the same and of inferior reliability. It also bothered me that some of his important references are not current. Dr. Chambers does not reference the current accepted standards for the testing community: the 1999 American Educational Research Association, or AERA; the American Psychological Association, or APA; and the National Council on Measurement in Education, or NCME, standards (with an extensive validity discussion), or the current 2003 American Association of Dental Examiners’ guidance that is being used by at least some of the major dental clinical testing agencies. Dr. Chambers used outdated definitions and concepts from the outdated AERA, APA and NCME standards, and uses numbers that are not at all reflective of Western Regional Examining Board testing experience. Rather than making blanket assumptions about all clinical examinations, which vary extensively, it would be more appropriate to reference the source of data, and then use the data only in reference to organizations where the data apply. The points that he makes about portfolios have merit, but the costs involved to do it right and the construct being measured make it a poor replacement for the present system. The present system actually requires a portfolio, which usually includes a candidate degree attainment process (school portfolios can and should be as comprehensive as desired), as well as a national written and a state board–approved clinical examination. This process verifies satisfactory completion of an educational process with the ability to retain and apply some of what was learned. Del Hammond, M.A. WREB Research and Testing Specialist Phoenix
Stimulation of Estrogen Secretion from Normal Rat Corpora Lute a by Luteinizing Hormone

Cycling rats hypophysectomized during metestrus or diestrus and injected with 5 μg of ovine NIH-LH in saline twice daily for 4 days developed cornified vaginal smears. Bovine LH, 5 μg twice daily for 4 days, did not stimulate vaginal cornification although histological sections of this tissue showed stratified epithelia. Both treatments caused increased uterine weights. Bovine LH, 50 μg daily for 4 days administered in a depot vehicle (95 % sesame oil: 5 % beeswax), stimulated cornification of the vagina shown by vaginal smears and confirmed by subsequent histological sections. Cycling rats hypophysectomized and pituitary-autotransplanted during metestrus exhibited evidence of progesterone secretion and, when injected with 50 μg bovine NIH-LH daily for 4 days, had significantly (p<.05) greater uterine weights than controls. Rats in which pituitaries were autotransplanted during proestrus did not secrete progesterone, since no deciduomata developed in response to uterine trauma and vaginal cornification wa...
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF “SPINNING SYNDROME” INDUCED BY PRENATAL INTOXICATION WITH A PCB IN MICE*

A striking motor dysfunction, "spinning syndrome," developed with a high frequency in weaning mice whose dams received oral 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4-CB) during gestation (day 10 through day 16). The syndrome is permanent and is characterized by swift circling movements sustained in one direction at a minimal rate of 40 turns/min (usually 50 to 150 turns/min), restlessness, and hyperkinesia. Twenty-four spinners and 4-CB nonspinners and age-matched controls were subjected to histopathologic, histofluorescent, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies. The most reliable histopathologic marker for prenatal 4-CB injury to the CNS is the presence of cylindrical CNS peninsulas (CCPs) in the spinal and cranial nerve roots. The CCPs consist of either CNS-type myelinated fibers, unmyelinated fibers, or astroglial bundles in varying proportions, and are enclosed by a basement membrane. The CCPs are also observed in 4-CB nonspinners but in none of 12 controls studied. A selective defect in synaptogenesis induced prenatally by 4-CB is proposed as the primary event pursuant to the development of the CCPs, while interference with synaptogenesis may have occurred selectively in the striatonigral dopaminergic system. This is suggested by electron microscopy on the nucleus accumbens and also by the responses to administration of dopaminergic agonists and antagonist. The 4-CB induced clinico-pathologic anomaly may serve as a singular model for understanding human neurologic disorders, in particular, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and minimal brain dysfunction syndrome.
Size and Fidelity of Home Ranges of Male White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Southern Texas

We studied size and fidelity of home ranges of adult ($3.5 years) male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during 2 years in southern Texas. Size of core areas, determined using the 50% fixed-kernel method, averaged 86 6 14 ha, whereas size of home ranges, determined using the 95% fixed-kernel method, averaged 403 6 61 ha. Deer shifted centroids of home ranges 363 6 45 m from year 1 to year 2. Overlap in home ranges averaged 66 6 2% between years. These data provide additional support that home ranges of adult male white-tailed deer in southern Texas are relatively small and stable. However, the majority of home ranges are larger than most landholdings. Therefore, development of cooperatives among neighboring landowners may be necessary to effectively manage age structure of males. RESUMEN—Estudiamos el tamano y fidelidad del rango de hogar de machos adultos ($3.5 anos) del venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) durante dos anos en el sur de Texas. El tamano de las a nucleo, determinado mediante del metodo de %fixed-kernel& al 50%, promedio ´8 66 14 ha, mientras el tamano del rango de hogar, determinado mediante del metodo de %fixed-kernel& al 95%, promedio ´ 403 6 61 ha. Los centroides del rango de hogar cambiaron 363 6 45 m entre el primer y segundo ano. El traslape en rangos de hogar entre anos promedio ´6 66 2%. Estos datos proveen un apoyo adicional de que los rangos de hogar del macho adulto del venado cola blanca en el sur de Texas son relativamente pequenos y estables. Sin embargo, la mayoro ´a de los rangos de hogar son mas grandes que las tierras de los ranchos. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de cooperativas entre los duenos de ranchos vecinos puede ser necesario para manejar efectivamente la estructura de edad de los machos.
Bringing Fairness to FCPA Settlements: Protecting the Corporate Form Through Respondeat Inferior Subsidiary Liability

The paper argues that doctrinal changes in the enforcement of FCPA actions have led to an ignoring of the corporate form and suggests that a more structured approach would lead to fairer outcomes and achieve the goals the FCPA was designed for.
Transient Analysis of Piston-Linear Heat Transfer in Low-Heat-Rejeetion Diesel Engines

A two-dimensional finite element program has been developed to analyze the transient heat flow paths in low-heat-rejection engine combustion chambers. This analysis tool is used to study the transient heat transfer performance of a ceramic-coated piston with steel-alloy rings reciprocating within a ceramic-coated liner at a speed of 1900 revolutions per minute. This study can provide realistic guidelines for the successful design of ceramic-insulated components and tribological systems
From travel agents to OTAs: How the evolution of consumer booking behavior has affected revenue management

Travel booking behavior has changed substantially over the past two decades. The traditional approach of utilizing travel agents and booking ahead has evolved into a fast-paced, last-minute booking environment. This evolution has had substantial effects on revenue management (RM) in the areas of forecasting, pricing and online travel agency inventory allocations. These changes have made understanding the consumer booking process a necessary requirement for success. This article reviews the relevant literature on this historical shift and the effects it has had on RM.
The Evolution and Devolution of the Voting Rights Act (1965-2014)

In this study we examine the impact of the Voting Rights Act since it was implemented in 1965. Specifically, we conduct descriptive analyses over time to document the increased levels of black descriptive representation. We then employ an intervention time series analysis to examine if key Supreme Court cases had immediate effects on black descriptive representation. For example, Thornburg v. Gingles is argued to have a huge impact on the election of legislators at the state and federal level. We close by discussing the immediate impact of Shelby County v. Holder and some possible strategies that can be employed by the voting rights community.
Abstract 21: Leptin-Induced Arterial Pressure Increase: Key Role of the PI3K Pathway

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that acts in the brain to decrease food intake and increases energy expenditure. Leptin also raises arterial pressure by increasing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). We previously implicated PI3K as a downstream pathway in leptin receptor (ObRb) signaling that mediates the renal SNA effects of leptin. We used genetic approaches to test the hypothesis that bidirectional changes in PI3K activity (gain vs. loss of function) will be associated with contrasting changes in renal SNA and arterial pressure responses to leptin. PI3K signaling was enhanced in leptin-sensitive neurons in Pten ΔObRb mice in which the lipid phosphatase Pten was ablated in cells that express ObRb, leading to accumulating PIP3 in these cells. For loss of function, we used p110α D933A/WT mice which carry a heterozygous mutation in the p110α subunit of PI3K specifically disrupting this pathway. Consistent with our previous findings, the increase in renal SNA caused by intracerebralventricular (ICV) injection of leptin (2 μg) was exaggerated and blunted in Pten ΔObRb mice (286±41%) and p110α D933A/WT mice (-40±6%), respectively, relative to littermate controls (70±4%). These effects were specific to leptin, as the renal SNA response to ICV MTII (melanocortin receptors agonist) was comparable (P=0.3) between controls (196±36%), Pten ΔObRb mice (159±98%) and p110α D933A/WT mice (194±36%). Interestingly, the Pten ΔObRb mice had significantly (P D933A/WT mice had normal (P=0.34) baseline MAP (112±1 mmHg) as compared to controls (113±2 mmHg). We further measured the arterial pressure response to leptin treatment. Intraperitoneal administration of leptin (60 μg) raised MAP in control mice by 13±5 mmHg and this response was significantly (P ΔObRb mice (+35±14 mmHg). Conversely, the p110α D933A/WT mice had a significantly blunted (P
Control Focused Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Tailless Fighter Aircraft

The stability and control analysis portion of an overall Multidisciplinary Design Optimization effort at the Air Force Research Laboratory is presented. Here, a highly maneuverable, vertical tailless fighter aircraft is considered early in the preliminary design phase. In order to meet flying qualities constraints typical of a fighter aircraft, but without a vertical tail, multiple innovative control effectors are considered. These effectors, along with overall planform and layout changes are considered as part of the overall optimization routine.
Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Workplace Incivility: Who Is Most Targeted and Who Is Most Harmed?

Scholars have proposed that interpersonal workplace discrimination toward members of oppressed social groups has become covert and subtle rather than overt and explicit and that such experiences lead to negative outcomes for targets. The present study examined this proposition by examining experiences and consequences of workplace incivility—a seemingly harmless form of interpersonal maltreatment—based on gender, sexual orientation, and their intersection. A sample of 1,300 academic faculty (52% male, 86% White) participated in an online survey study assessing their experiences of workplace incivility, job stress, job satisfaction, job identity centrality, and demographics. Results showed that sexual minority women reported the highest levels of workplace incivility. Findings also revealed that women reported lower job satisfaction than men and that heterosexuals reported higher job stress and lower job identity centrality than sexual minorities with higher levels of incivility. Thus, sexual minority status buffered the negative effects of incivility for sexual minorities. These findings point to the resiliency of sexual minorities in the face of interpersonal stressors at work.
Inheritance of litter size and its components in crosses between the D'man and Sardi breeds of sheep.

Data on ovulation rate, litter size and embryo survival of 364 Sardi (S), D'man (D), S x DS, DS x S, S x D, D X S (F1), F2, D x DS and DS x D ewes mated for first and second lambing to F1 rams were analyzed. Breed group, birth group and season had significant effects on ovulation rate and litter size but not on embryo survival. D'man ewes had the highest ovulation rate (2.79) and litter size (2.00), with an essentially linear increase in each of these variables with percentage of D'man inheritance in the ewe (b = .017 +/- .001 CL and .009 +/- .001 lambs born). Embryo survival was influenced only by the number of ova shed. D'man direct genetic effects were higher (P less than .01) than those of Sardi for ovulation rate (+1.78) and litter size (+1.08) but did not differ for embryo survival (-.07). Maternal effects differed little for any of the three traits. Individual heterosis estimates were negative and significant for ovulation rate but not significant for litter size and embryo survival. Maternal heterosis and epistatic recombination effects were small and not significant for any trait.
What Makes Fluoroethylene Carbonate Different

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries containing silicon-based negative electrodes have the potential to revolutionize electrical energy storage, but the cyclic and acyclic organic carbonate solvents (such as ethylene and propylene carbonates) that are commonly used in graphite Li-ion batteries yield unsatisfactory performance when used with such Li alloying electrodes. It has been found by trial and error that additions of the closely related carbonate additive, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), to conventional electrolytes yields a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the LixSiy alloy surface. Several mechanisms for this protective action have been considered in the literature and modeled theoretically; however, at present these mechanisms remain hypothetical. In this study, we use radiolysis, laser photoionization, electron paramagnetic resonance, and transient absorption spectroscopy to establish the redox chemistry of FEC. While the oxidation chemistry is similar to that of other organic carbonate...
Use of Dendritic Cells and GM-CSF Adjuvant Are Associated with Anti-Idiotype Cellular Immune Response Following Idiotype Vaccination in Follicular Lymphoma Patients.

Abstract Vaccination with idiotype (Id) induces humoral and/or cellular anti-Id immune responses (IR). Recently, we found that anti-Id humoral IR and IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIIa (CD16) 158 Valine/Valine (V/V) correlated with better outcome in patients receiving Id vaccination (JCO 22:4717). Therefore, identifying factors that influence the development of anti-Id IR will provide important information on how to improve Id vaccination by aiming to increase IR. We examined the following factors for their possible effects on IR: prior induction chometherapy or not, prior fludarabine, clinical response to induction chemotherapy, the production method for Id protein, the immunologic adjuvants used during vaccination and the FcγR polymorphisms. One hundred and eighty follicular lymphoma patients who were treated with Id vaccination at Stanford Medical Center between 1988 and 2002 were included. One hundred and sixty four of them received induction chemotherapy, followed by Id vaccination, while 16 patients were treatment naive at the time of Id vaccination. Humoral and cellular IR were determined following Id vaccination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and by T-cell proliferation assays, respectively, as described. Of these 180 patients, 65 (36%) developed humoral IR and 44 (24%) developed cellular IR after Id vaccination. The development of humoral IR was not affected by receiving induction chemotherapy or not, use of fludrarbine, responses to induction chemtherapy, Id protein production method, type of immunologic adjuvant, FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa or FcγRIIb genotypes. On the other hand, the development of cellular IR was greatly enhanced by using either dendritic cells or GM-CSF as adjuvant compared to chemical adjuvant (chemical adjuvant: 12% vs dendritic cells: 34%, p=0.003; vs GM-CSF: 48%, p A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic variables influencing the development of either humoral or cellular IR. Use of dendritic cells or GM-CSF adjuvant emerged as the only predictive factor independently predicting the development of cellular IR (odds ratio: 4.72, 95% CI: 1.88–11.85, p=0.001), while no predictive factor was identified for the development of humoral IR. This observation is consistent with the prevailing notion that dendritic cells and GM-CSF adjuvant can facilitate cellular IR immune response to various vaccines. It is interesting that PR patients after induction chemotherapy and fludarabine-treated patients had the same chance of developing humoral or cellular IR as did other patients. Therefore, these two groups of patients should not be excluded from subsequent vaccine trials on the assumption that they have impaired immune systems. It is also important to point out that none of these 180 patients received rituximab during induction therapy, which may significantly impair the ability to develop humoral IR.
A 2-DOF manipulator for micro-assembly in a minifactory

This paper presents a new 2-DOF “SMACbot” manipulator which can cooperate with a 2-DOF planar “courier” robot to perform precise assembly tasks within a minifactory. The SMACbot manipulator augments the function of an off-the-shelf rotary/linear actuator from SMAC Corporation. The mechanical and electrical systems of SMACbot are described, and the sensing and control of the manipulator are introduced. Novel features include a vacuum system for compensating the vertical axis weight of the SMACbot and an air bearing system for minimizing friction. The SMACbot utilizes a remote user interface based on web sockets. Basic motion control performance of the SMACbot was measured with a laser interferometer to provide ground truth. The vertical (z-direction) 5 mm fixed distance motion repeatability test results showed the average error is 8.4 µm. The 10 µm small distance motion error is approximately 0.3 µm. The 0.5 ° fixed angle rotation motion repeatability error is approximately 0.12 ° which is mainly caused by the backlash of the reduction gearing of the SMAC rotational (θ) axis.
Hybrid Control: Implementing Output Feedback MPC with Guaranteed Stability Region 1

Abstract In this work, a hybrid control scheme that employs switching between bounded control and model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the output feedback stabilization of linear time-invariant systems with input constraints. Initially, we design a bounded output feedback controller for which the region of constrained closed-loop stability is explicitly characterized and an MPC controller that minimizes a given performance objective subject to constraints. Switching laws are derived to orchestrate the transition between the two controllers in a way that reconciles their respective stability and optimally properties, and guarantees asymptotic closed-loop stability for all initial conditions within the stability region of the bounded controller. The hybrid scheme is shown to provide a safety net for the practical implementation of output feedback MPC by providing a priori knowledge, through off-line computations, of a large set of initial conditions for which closed-loop stability is guaranteed. The proposed hybrid control approach is illustrated through a simulation example.
Surgical Outcomes in Vedolizumab-Treated Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background Surgical outcomes and pouch outcomes in the setting of vedolizumab remains poorly understood. We sought to determine the rate of 30-day postoperative surgical infectious complications and pouch-specific complications among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who received vedolizumab within 12 weeks of surgery. Methods A retrospective chart review between 5/1/2014 and 12/31/2016 of all adult patients with UC who underwent an abdominal operation was performed. Patients with UC who received vedolizumab within 12 weeks of their abdominal operation were compared with patients with UC on anti-TNFα treatment. Results Eighty-eight patients received vedolizumab and 62 received anti-TNFα within 12 weeks of surgery. More vedolizumab-treated patients had superficial surgical site infections (P = 0.047) and mucocutaneous separation at the ileostomy (P = 0.047), but there was no difference in the overall surgical infectious complication rate, deep space SSI, 30-day hospital readmission or return to the operating room. On univariate analysis of SSI among patients with UC, exposure to vedolizumab was not a significant predictor of SSI (P = 0.27), but steroids were predictive of SSI on univariate (P = 0.02) and multivariable analysis (P = 0.02). After ileal pouch anal anastomosis, there was a higher rate of intra-abdominal abscesses (31.3% versus 5.9%) and mucocutaneous separation (18.8% versus 0%) in the vedolizumab group compared with the anti-TNFα group, but statistical significance was not reached. Conclusions Vedolizumab patients had significantly increased rates of superficial SSI, but not overall infectious complications. Among ileal pouch anal anastomosis patients, peripouch abscess rates were increased among vedolizumab-treated patients, but this did not reach statistical significance. Vedolizumab seems safe in the perioperative period for patients with UC.
High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Key Enabling Material in Emerging Electronics

ConspectusSemiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) are emerging as a promising material for high-performance, high-density devices as well as low-cost, large-area macroelectronics produced via additive manufacturing methods such as roll-to-roll printing. Proof-of-concept demonstrations have indicated the potential of sc-SWCNTs for digital electronics, radiofrequency circuits, radiation hard memory, improved sensors, and flexible, stretchable, conformable electronics. Advances toward commercial applications bring numerous opportunities in SWCNT materials development and characterization as well as fabrication processes and printing technologies.Commercialization in electronics will require large quantities of sc-SWCNTs, and the challenge for materials science is the development of scalable synthesis, purification, and enrichment methods. While a few synthesis routes have shown promising results in making near-monochiral SWCNTs, gram quantities are available only for small-diameter sc-SWCNT...
Clinical trials: Treatment of HCV-infected patients with advanced kidney disease.

Antiviral treatment options for HCV-infected patients with advanced kidney disease are limited because few clinical trials have tested the efficacy of antiviral drugs in this population. Now, a phase III trial of two pan-genotypic drugs demonstrates excellent viral clearance with minimal adverse events in HCV-infected patients with advanced kidney disease.
Clinical implications of bone marrow adiposity

Marrow adipocytes, collectively termed marrow adipose tissue (MAT), reside in the bone marrow in close contact to bone cells and haematopoietic cells. Marrow adipocytes arise from the mesenchymal stem cell and share their origin with the osteoblast. Shifts in the lineage allocation of the mesenchymal stromal cell could potentially explain the association between increased MAT and increased fracture risk in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and diabetes. Functionally, marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin, and cytokines, such as RANK ligand and stem cell factor. These mediators can influence both bone remodelling and haematopoiesis by promoting bone resorption and haematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy. In addition, marrow adipocytes can secrete free fatty acids, acting as a energy supply for bone and haematopoietic cells. However, this induced lipolysis is also used by neoplastic cells to promote survival and proliferation. Therefore, MAT could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukaemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remain to be determined.
Ketosis and the generation of oxygen radicals in diabetes mellitus.

The long-term complications of diabetes remain a major public health issue. Over the last decade, many of the biochemical pathways by which hyperglycemia may cause cellular damage have been studied. These include increased polyol pathway and associated changes in intracellular redox state, increased diacylglycerol synthesis with consequent activation of specific protein kinase C isoforms, increased nonenzymatic glycation of both intra-and extracellular proteins, and increased oxidative stress (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). Tissue injury then results from acute changes in protein function and chronic changes in protein expression. However, the molecular pathophysiology of altered membrane function and gene expression leading to tissue injury is still unclear. Type 1 diabetics frequently experience ketosis (hyperketonemia) because, in a state of insulin deficiency, body fuel is derived mainly from fat (12). The blood concentration of ketone bodies may reach 10 mM in diabetics with severe ketosis, compared with concentrations of less than 0.5 mM in normal individuals (12). It is known that ketosis can accelerate microangiopathy and underlying vascular disease and precipitate neuropathy in patients with long-duration diabetes (12). However, the underlying mechanisms by which ketosis promotes vascular disease in type 1 diabetic patients are unclear This chapter is focussed on the mechanisms that underlie the accelerated vascular disease and mortality in diabetic patients. To better differentiate among the complex interactions of various cell types, hormones and dynamic changes in the blood, we have used a cell culture model to accomplish the stated objectives. Specifically, this review discusses whether ketosis increases cellular oxidative stress/damage, and thereby promotes cell surface changes and adhesion between the monocytes and endothelial cells, a crucial step in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes.
Luxury Fashion and Peace Restoration for Artisans in Colombia

Sustainable luxury seeks for the ancestral meaning, quality of materials, and artisanship (Gardetti & Torres, 2003). According to the Alliance of Artisan Enterprise from the Aspen Institute, the artisan enterprise is valuable for native communities because it creates jobs and preserves ancient techniques (Aspen Institute, 2012). The program “Maestros Costureros” is an initiative that brings artisans and designers to collaborate, co-create, and discuss on design, artisanship, and luxury as a commitment to cultural heritage, peace, and economic development (Fucsia, 2016a). The artisans are from different regions in Colombia where the Colombian armed conflict existed for more than 50 years (Hough, 2011). The designers are scholars and technical experienced individuals in fashion design and management, with national and international exposure (Fucsia, 2016a). This initiative led by FUCSIA, a fashion magazine, and LCI Bogota with the support of Artesanias de Colombia, Inexmoda, and Club Colombia aims to create economic opportunities for artisans by facilitating their understanding of the current market through a creative collaboration with renowned fashion designers. The aim of this work is to explore the creative collaboration between artisan and designers through the analysis of “Master Sewers” program, the role of the different stakeholders, and how it relates to sustainability in the luxury fashion supply chain. The findings suggest that “Master Sewers” program is designed and implemented to improve the artisans’ skill set in the design and marketing of their handmade products to fill the gaps in access to the marketplace. The fashion designers gained in the cooperation by reaching a genuine source of inspiration that resonates with their roots. The products were exhibited in an official ceremony in LCI Bogota, an academic institution specialized in creative arts, and they are sold in a diversity of boutiques in Bogota, Colombia, South America (Artesanias de Colombia, 2016a). This research seeks to contribute to the Springer series in Sustainability in Luxury Fashion Business by providing a case study in the interconnection between artisanship and luxury for sustainability through the co-creation program “Master Sewers,” a multi-stakeholder initiative for the revitalization of artisanal techniques and economic development for a better and more sustainable fashion.
Using Brief Functional Analysis to Select Interventions for Oral Reading

Reading interventions were applied in a brief multielement format to examine their effectiveness at improving the oral reading fluency of three students referred for reading problems. Although each student had different profiles across experimental analyses, effective interventions were identified and a mini-replication confirmed the pattern of results in each case.
Language Variation and Change in Rural Communities

Despite the difficulty of delineating the rural from the urban according to economic or demographic criteria, this distinction has powerful cultural resonances, and language plays a key role in con...
Structural Basis of Pan-Ebolavirus Neutralization by a Human Antibody against a Conserved, yet Cryptic Epitope.

ABSTRACT Only one naturally occurring human antibody has been described thus far that is capable of potently neutralizing all five ebolaviruses. Here we present two crystal structures of this rare, pan-ebolavirus neutralizing human antibody in complex with Ebola virus and Bundibugyo virus glycoproteins (GPs), respectively. The structures delineate the key protein and glycan contacts for binding that are conserved across the ebolaviruses, explain the antibody’s unique broad specificity and neutralization activity, and reveal the likely mechanism behind a known escape mutation in the fusion loop region of GP2. We found that the epitope of this antibody, ADI-15878, extends along the hydrophobic paddle of the fusion loop and then dips down into a highly conserved pocket beneath the N-terminal tail of GP2, a mode of recognition unlike any other antibody elicited against Ebola virus, and likely critical for its broad activity. The fold of Bundibugyo virus glycoprotein, not previously visualized, is similar to the fold of Ebola virus GP, and ADI-15878 binds to each virus’s GP with a similar strategy and angle of attack. These findings will be useful in deployment of this antibody as a broad-spectrum therapeutic and in the design of immunogens that elicit the desired broadly neutralizing immune response against all members of the ebolavirus genus and filovirus family. IMPORTANCE There are five different members of the Ebolavirus genus. Provision of vaccines and treatments able to protect against any of the five ebolaviruses is an important goal of public health. Antibodies are a desired result of vaccines and can be delivered directly as therapeutics. Most antibodies, however, are effective against only one or two, not all, of these pathogens. Only one human antibody has been thus far described to neutralize all five ebolaviruses, antibody ADI-15878. Here we describe the molecular structure of ADI-15878 bound to the relevant target proteins of Ebola virus and Bundibugyo virus. We explain how it achieves its rare breadth of activity and propose strategies to design improved vaccines capable of eliciting more antibodies like ADI-15878.
Transgenerational Effects – ‘Your Offspring Will Become What You Eat’

Parental effects, which are well documented for aquatic wildlife and farmed species, are a major source of phenotypic plasticity of the succeeding generations and determine their persistence in the ecosystem. Theory predicts that, under low food availability, parents, mainly mothers, may decrease their fecundity and increase their investment per offspring to have greater reproductive success. These predictions come true in most, but not all, studies, if dietary gross quality or reduced quantity of appropriate diets are considered. Under these circumstances, the offspring can be more resistant to environmental stresses and starvation, possesses an improved innate immunity, shows courageous behavior and improved learning. However, if individual dietary compounds (amino acid patterns, methionine content, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E content) are unbalanced or insufficiently supplied in the parental diets, reduced hatching successs as well as elevated embryonic mortality and malformation can be observed. Very recently, it became obvious in rotifers that parental dietary signals can be passed to tens of succeeding generations. DNA-dependent and DNA-independent inheritance (e.g. prions, protein feed back loops, hormones, metabolites) and epigenetics are discussed as underlying transgenerational mechanisms. Less well understood, than maternal effects, are paternal effects; however, increasing evidence supports the notion that at least some epigenetic marks acquired during spermatogenesis can be sustained through embryonic development as reported for a tubeworm and Atlantic cod.
Sex differences in gluteal muscle forces during running.

Sex differences in common sports injuries to the lower extremity have been reported. Biomechanical factors of the hip have been investigated between sexes with regard to running-related injury. Thi...
Chance Mechanisms for Discrete Distributions in Scientific Modeling

This paper gives a broad overview of models for major discrete distributions such as binomial, negative binomial, Borel-Tanner and lost-games. Because the need lies not only in prediction problems but, perhaps even more so, in developing understanding and insight of natural phenomena, there has been increasing interest in identifying and developing models which give rise to various distributions. For example, see Bates and Neyman (1952), Haight (1961, 1965), Kemp and Kemp (1968, 1969, 1971), Boswell and Patil (1970, 1971, 1972), Patil and Boswell (1972), and Janardan (1973).
Barriers and facilitators to use of a clinical evidence technology in the management of skin problems in primary care: insights from mixed methods

Objective: Few studies have examined the impact of a single clinical evidence technology (CET) on provider practice or patient outcomes from the provider’s perspective. A previous cluster-randomized controlled trial with patient-reported data tested the effectiveness of a CET (i.e., VisualDx) in improving skin problem outcomes but found no significant effect. The objectives of this follow-up study were to identify barriers and facilitators to the use of the CET from the perspective of primary care providers (PCPs) and to identify reasons why the CET did not affect outcomes in the trial. Methods: Using a convergent mixed methods design, the authors had PCPs complete a post-trial survey and participate in interviews about using the CET for managing patients’ skin problems. Data from both methods were integrated. Results: PCPs found the CET somewhat easy to use but only occasionally useful. Less experienced PCPs used the CET more frequently. Data from interviews revealed barriers and facilitators at four steps of evidence-based practice: clinical question recognition, information acquisition, appraisal of relevance, and application with patients. Facilitators included uncertainty in dermatology, intention for use, convenience of access, diagnosis and treatment support, and patient communication. Barriers included confidence in dermatology, preference for other sources, interface difficulties, presence of irrelevant information, and lack of decision impact. Conclusion: PCPs found the CET useful for diagnosis, treatment support, and patient communication. However, the barriers of interface difficulties, irrelevant search results, and preferred use of other sources limited its positive impact on patient skin problem management.
Persistence Model of Non-traditional Online Learners: Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Self-Direction

This quantitative non-experimental correlational study examined the associations among the predictor variables of first year, first semester nontraditional online learners’ self-regulation, self-di...
Fight Fraud within Exemption: Advocating a Practical Interpretation of the § 1702 Evasion Clause of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act

Under the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act’s (“ILSA”) exemption provisions, developers are not exempted from the statute if they act “for the purpose of eva[ding]” ILSA. Accordingly, the proper standard to evaluate whether a developer has acted to “eva[de]” ILSA is critical in exemption determination, and the Eighth and Eleventh Circuits are split regarding what this standard should be. This Note argues that other courts should adopt the Eighth Circuit’s standard. Under this standard, a finding of exemption-denying “evasion” requires a plaintiff to show that the land developer acted with “fraudulent intent” in obtaining exemption from ILSA.
Broadband Diffractive Neural Networks

Broadband diffractive neural networks that process a continuum of wavelengths for task-specific component design and all-optical inference are presented. This framework is experimentally demonstrated by designing spectral filters and a spatially-controlled demultiplexer at THz wavelengths.
Further Insights on the Migration Biology of Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Pacific Northwest.

The fall migration of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), in the Pacific Northwest was studied during 2017–2019 by tagging 14,040 captive-reared and 450 wild monarchs. One hundred and twenty-two captive-reared monarchs (0.87%) were recovered at distances averaging 899.9 ± 98.6 km for Washington-released and 630.5 ± 19.9 km for Oregon-released monarchs. The greatest straight-line release to recovery distance was 1392.1 km. A mean travel rate of 20.7 ± 2.2 km/day and maximum travel of 46.1 km/day were recorded. Recovery rates were greater for Oregon-released monarchs (0.92%) than Washington-released (0.34%) or Idaho-released monarchs (0.30%). Most monarchs (106/122) were recovered SSW-S-SSE in California, with 82 at 18 coastal overwintering sites. Two migrants from Oregon were recovered just weeks after release ovipositing in Santa Barbara and Palo Alto, CA. Two migrants released in central Washington recovered up to 360.0 km to the SE, and recoveries from Idaho releases to the S and SE suggests that some Pacific Northwest migrants fly to an alternative overwintering destination. Monarchs released in southern Oregon into smoky, poor quality air appeared to be as successful at reaching overwintering sites and apparently lived just as long as monarchs released into non-smoky, good quality air. Migration and lifespan for monarchs infected with the protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (McLaughlin and Myers), appeared to be similar to the migration and survival of uninfected monarchs, although data are limited. Our data improve our understanding of western monarch migration, serving as a basis for further studies and providing information for conservation planning.