cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Dissemination of the El Centro Health Disparities Measures Library.

Purpose This report describes the development and dissemination of a library of English measures, with Spanish translations, on constructs relevant to social determinants of health and behavioral health outcomes. The El Centro Measures Library is a product of the Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro, a program funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The library is aimed at enhancing capacity for minority health and health disparities research, particularly for Hispanics living in the United States and abroad. Design The open-access library of measures (available through www.miami.edu/sonhs/measureslibrary) contains brief descriptions of each measure, scoring information (where available), links to related peer-reviewed articles, and measure items in both languages. Links to measure websites where commercially available measures can be purchased are included, as is contact information for measures that require author permission. Links to several other measures libraries are hosted on the library website. Other researchers may contribute to the library. Methods El Centro investigators began the library by electing to use a common set of measures across studies to assess demographic information, culture-related variables, proximal outcomes of interest, and major outcomes. The collection was expanded to include other health disparity research studies. In 2012, a formal process was developed to organize, expand, and centralize the library in preparation for a gradual process of dissemination to the national and international community of researchers. Findings The library currently contains 61 measures encompassing 12 categories of constructs. Thus far, the library has been accessed 8,883 times (unique page views as generated by Google Analytics), and responses from constituencies of users and measure authors have been favorable. Clinical Relevance With the paucity of availability and accessibility of translated measures, behavioral nursing research focused on reducing health disparities can benefit from repositories of research instruments such as the El Centro Measures Library.
Terminating DNA Tile Assembly with Nanostructured Caps

Precise control over the nucleation, growth, and termination of self-assembly processes is a fundamental tool for controlling product yield and assembly dynamics. Mechanisms for altering these processes programmatically could allow the use of simple components to self-assemble complex final products or to design processes allowing for dynamic assembly or reconfiguration. Here we use DNA tile self-assembly to develop general design principles for building complexes that can bind to a growing biomolecular assembly and terminate its growth by systematically characterizing how different DNA origami nanostructures interact with the growing ends of DNA tile nanotubes. We find that nanostructures that present binding interfaces for all of the binding sites on a growing facet can bind selectively to growing ends and stop growth when these interfaces are presented on either a rigid or floppy scaffold. In contrast, nucleation of nanotubes requires the presentation of binding sites in an arrangement that matches the...
Symmetry Properties of Clebsch—Gordan Coefficients

Clebsch—Gordan coefficients in which the three angular momenta, j 1, j 2, and j = j 3, are reordered may be simply related to each other. The most trivial case involves the exchange of the order of the quantum numbers, j 1 m 1 and j 2 m 2. The state vector ❘ j 1, j 2 j 2 m 2〉 is a direct product of two vectors involving separate subspaces of the full Hilbert space, or in terms of the coordinate representation, the wave function is a product of functions involving different variables. For example, might be a function of orbital variables and might be a function of spin variables. Thus, the product of these two functions should not depend on the order in which we write the two functions. Therefore, when we expand this product function in terras of the total angular momentum eigenfunctions , the result must be independent of the order in which we write the original product function, , or , with the possible exception of an over-all phase factor. This phase factor comes in because our phase convention fixing the overall sign of the Clebsch—Gordan coefficients gives preference to the angular momenta sitting in the number 1 and number 3 positions of the Clebsch—Gordan coefficient. Thus, 〈j 1 j 1 j 2 m 2❘j 3 j 3〉 must be positive by our phase convention. Similarly, 〈j 2 j 2 j 1 m 1❘j 3 j 3〉 must also be positive. On the contrary, the Clebsch—Gordan coefficient 〈j 1 m 1 j 2 j 2❘j 3 j 3〉 has the sign with m 1 = j 3− j 2 Hence, its sign is.
Deriving genotypes from RAD-seq short-read data using Stacks

In this protocol, the authors provide a strategy and set of methods to analyze restriction-site-associated DNA-sequencing (RAD-seq) data using Stacks, enabling the genome-wide discovery and genotyping of SNPs across a range of systems. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) allows for the genome-wide discovery and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in hundreds of individuals at a time in model and nonmodel species alike. However, converting short-read sequencing data into reliable genotype data remains a nontrivial task, especially as RAD-seq is used in systems that have very diverse genomic properties. Here, we present a protocol to analyze RAD-seq data using the Stacks pipeline. This protocol will be of use in areas such as ecology and population genetics. It covers the assessment and demultiplexing of the sequencing data, read mapping, inference of RAD loci, genotype calling, and filtering of the output data, as well as providing two simple examples of downstream biological analyses. We place special emphasis on checking the soundness of the procedure and choosing the main parameters, given the properties of the data. The procedure can be completed in 1 week, but determining definitive methodological choices will typically take up to 1 month.
Racial Comparisons of the Outcomes of Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation Using the Medicare Database.

Racial disparities in the outcomes after intervention for aortic valve disease remain understudied. We stratified patients by race who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in the Medicare database. The TAVI cohort consisted of 17,973 patients (3.9% were black and 1.0% were Hispanic). The SAVR cohort consisted of 95,078 patients, (4.8% were black and 1.3% were Hispanic). Most comorbidities were more common in blacks. After TAVI, 30-day mortality was not significantly different in races with both unadjusted and adjusted data. There were no significant racial differences in readmission rates or discharge to home after TAVI. After SAVR, black patients had worse unadjusted 30-day and 1-year mortality than whites or Hispanics (30-day mortality, 4.7% vs 6.2% vs 4.7% for whites, blacks, and Hispanics, respectively, p = 0.0001; 1-year mortality 11.7% vs 16.1% vs 12.5%, respectively, p = 0.0001); however, after adjustment, there were no differences in mortality. Black patients had higher 30-day readmission rates after SAVR (20.1% vs 25.2% vs 21.7% for whites, blacks, and Hispanics, respectively, p = 0.0001), which persisted after adjustment for comorbidities. Minorities were underrepresented in both SAVR and TAVI relative to what would be predicted by population prevalence. In conclusion, while blacks have worse outcomes in SAVR compared with whites or Hispanics, race did not impact mortality, readmission, or discharge to home in TAVI. Both blacks and Hispanics were underrepresented compared with what would be predicted by population prevalence.
Understanding the Intergenerational Cycle of Child Protective Service Involvement

Adolescents in foster care have a higher pregnancy rate than those who are not in foster care. Children of adolescent mothers are also more likely to be maltreated than children of older mothers.1,2 This is perhaps one of the clearest examples of intergenerational maltreatment. The challenge is determining how to change the trajectory of the children of adolescents in foster care to decrease the unfortunate phenomenon of these children “grandchilding” into foster care. In this issue of Pediatrics , Wall-Wieler et al3 investigate the risk of foster care placement before the second birthday for children of adolescents placed in foster care during pregnancy. They do this through a data linkage of the Population Data Research Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and physician claims, hospitalization data, and child protection information. Mothers who were ˂18 years of age and gave birth to their first child in Manitoba County over a 15-year period ending in 2013 were included. The data set included a total of 5946 mothers, of which 9.7% ( n = 576) were in foster care at the time of the birth. The investigators are to be commended for opening the door on this complex topic. We note several concerns with the study that should … Address correspondence to Rachel P. Berger, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4117 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224. E-mail: rachel.berger{at}chp.edu
On the Energy Supply of Clear Air Turbulence

The amount of kinetic energy observed in clear air turbulence suggests strongly that under certain conditions stable atmospheric layers contain kinetic energy that may be released into turbulence once turbulence has been triggered. The analogy that comes to mind is the potential energy released in clouds. The atmosphere may be stable until condensation occurs, etc. The question is now how is the atmosphere capable of doing this without clouds.
The Coastal Zone

As far as people are concerned the coastal zone is probably the most important part of the ocean as about two-thirds of the world’s population lives near the coast. The coastal zone sits at the interface between the two major environments of the earth—land and ocean. It can be defined as that part of the ocean affected by the land and that part of the land affected by the ocean. The two environments meet at the shoreline, a constantly changing position. In the seaward direction, certainly part, if not all, of the continental shelf should be included within the coastal zone, whereas in the landward direction estuaries, marshes, sea cliffs, and other similar environments are included. Actually there is no universally acceptable definition of the coastal zone. Some have suggested that the entire 200-mile exclusive economic zone (see Chapt. 3) be considered as part of the coastal zone.
Rostral Solitary Tract Lesions Produce Vasopressin Dependent Hypertension in the Dog

A possible reason for inconsistent results in attempts to produce NTS lesion-dependent hypertension in larger animals such as the dog may be incomplete destruction of baroreceptor afferents. Neuroanatomical studies in the dog revealed that the 8 mm length of the distribution of baroreceptor afferents within the nucleus tractus solitarius makes interruption of the baroreflex pathway by lesioning this nucleus unfeasible. However, the discovery that the baroreceptor afferents are bundled together in the solitary tract between 5 mm and 7 mm anterior to the obex suggested that bilateral destruction of the tracts would produce central baroreflex interruption. Pharmacological evaluations in dogs following rostral solitary tract lesions revealed both successful baroreflex interruption and an acute hypertension which was primarily dependent on increased circulating vasopressin. However, the similar decrease in arterial pressure following ganglionic blockade in both solitary tract lesioned and sham lesioned animals leaves the importance of augmented sympathetic outflow in solitary tract lesion hypertension in doubt.
Censuses: Comparative International Aspects

Seven distinguishing features of a population census are: sponsorship by the national government, agreement on areas to be included, universality, individual enumeration, simultaneity of enumeration, periodicity, and publication and dissemination. Countries differ in using a de jure concept in which people are counted at their usual residence or a de facto concept in which people are counted where they are present at census time. These concepts can affect coverage. Coverage also depends on the treatment of special populations, such as the homeless, nomads, seasonal workers, other temporary workers, and military personnel. Time of the year when the census is taken affects coverage, as can the length of the enumeration period. Basic content items differ from country to country but the United Nations has been helpful in developing a list of items with definitions that can be used for cross-country comparisons. A canvasser approach, in which an enumerator canvasses an area and interviews the population, is one type of census enumeration. The other type is a householder method in which questionnaires are distributed in advance and filled out by the households. Sampling has many uses in a census, as does evaluation. Several countries are now examining alternatives to a census.
Variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) post-treatment surveillance intensity (SI) and detection of recurrence.

6579Background: The optimal strategy for CRC post-treatment surveillance is unknown. Existing guidelines are based on limited evidence and not risk-based. The purpose of this study is to examine su...
Minimally Invasive Intragastric Approach to Gastroesophageal Junction Disease.

Background A minimally invasive intragastric approach to the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) allows resection of intramural disease while avoiding disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter and vagus nerves. Few surgeons use this approach; thus little is known regarding its indications, feasibility, technical aspects, complication profile, and long-term outcomes. This study reviewed the experience with this technique. Methods A retrospective review was performed of a prospectively maintained, Institutional Review Board–approved database covering the period from January 1, 2005 to August 1, 2017. Indications, operative details, postoperative complications, and outcomes were assessed. Results There were 12 patients identified. The mean age of these patients was 51.9 years. The indications for resection included 10 symptomatic leiomyomas, one gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and three cancers of the GEJ. Mean and median length of stay were 4.9 and 2.5 days, respectively. There were two postoperative esophageal leaks managed with laparoscopic repair. Of the 3 patients with cancer, 2 underwent an R0 resection, whereas 1 patient underwent an R1 resection. There were no other complications or recurrences. Mean follow-up was 6.0 years (range, 0.5 to 12.6 years); no patients had stricture or symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux on long term follow-up. Conclusions Resection of selected intramural GEJ disorders through a minimally invasive transgastric approach can be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and good long-term results. The approach allows preservation of the lower esophageal sphincter and vagus nerves, a potential advantage compared with other surgical alternatives to resection in this region.
Effect of Oligohydramnios on Fetal Heart Rate Patterns during Term Labor Induction.

Objective To estimate the effect of oligohydramnios on fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns in patients undergoing induction of labor (IOL) at term. Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of consecutive term, singleton deliveries from 2010 to 2015. We included all patients who underwent IOL. Our primary outcomes were electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) characteristics in the 2 hours preceding delivery. Outcomes were compared between those induced with oligohydramnios and those induced without a diagnosis of oligohydramnios. Our secondary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity. Logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Results Of 3,787 patients who underwent IOL, 147 had a diagnosis of oligohydramnios and 3,640 were included in the no oligohydramnios group. There was no significant difference in EFM characteristics between the two groups. There was no difference in composite neonatal morbidity. In patients with oligohydramnios, EFM patterns with baseline tachycardia for 30 minutes or greater were significantly associated with composite neonatal morbidity (31.3 vs. 5.3% adjusted odds ratio 8.63, 95% confidence interval 2.18, 34.1]). Conclusion Term patients undergoing IOL with oligohydramnios had EFM patterns that did not differ from their induced peers.
Sequential trafficking of Env and Gag to HIV-1 T cell virological synapses revealed by live imaging

HIV infection is enhanced by cell adhesions that form between infected and uninfected T cells called virological synapses (VS). VS are initiated by an interaction between Env and CD4 on cell surfaces and result in the recruitment of virus assembly to the site of cell–cell contact. However, the recruitment of Env to the VS and its relationship to Gag recruitment is not well defined. To study the trafficking of HIV-1 Env through the VS, we constructed a molecular clone of HIV carrying a green fluorescent protein-Env fusion protein called, HIV Env-isfGFP-∆V1V2. The Env-isfGFP-∆V1V2 fusion protein does not produce virus particles on its own, but can be rescued by cotransfection with full-length HIV constructs and produce virus particles that package the fluorescent Env. These rescued fluorescent Env can participate in VS formation and can be used to directly image CD4-dependent Env transfer across VS from donor to target cells. The movements of fluorescently tagged Gag and Env to the VS and transfer into target cells can be also tracked through live imaging. Time lapse live imaging reveals evidence of limited Env accumulation at the site of cell–cell contact shortly after cell adhesion, followed by Gag re-distribution to contact area. Both Gag and Env can be recruited to form button-like spots characteristic of VS. Env and Gag are recruited to the VS in a coordinated temporal sequence and subsequently transfer together across the synapse into the target cell. Env accumulations, when observed, are earlier than Gag re-distribution to the contact area during formation of VS.
Effectiveness of undergraduate human sexuality courses in enhancing women’s sexual functioning

When young adult women and men engage in sexual encounters, the former have significantly fewer orgasms than the latter. This gendered orgasm disparity, often referred to as an orgasm gap, is theor...
Alcohol sedation in adult Drosophila is regulated by Cysteine proteinase-1 in cortex glia.

Although numerous studies have demonstrated that neuronal mechanisms regulate alcohol-related behaviors, very few have investigated the direct role of glia in behavioral responses to alcohol. The results described here begin to fill this gap in the alcohol behavior and gliobiology fields. Since Drosophila exhibit conserved behavioral responses to alcohol and their CNS glia are similar to mammalian CNS glia, we used Drosophila to begin exploring the role of glia in alcohol behavior. We found that knockdown of Cysteine proteinase-1 (Cp1) in glia increased Drosophila alcohol sedation and that this effect was specific to cortex glia and adulthood. These data implicate Cp1 and cortex glia in alcohol-related behaviors. Cortex glia are functionally homologous to mammalian astrocytes and Cp1 is orthologous to mammalian Cathepsin L. Our studies raise the possibility that cathepsins may influence behavioral responses to alcohol in mammals via roles in astrocytes. Kristen Lee et al. show that knockdown of Cysteine proteinase-1 (Cp1) in glia increases sedation of adult Drosophila in response to alcohol. This study suggests a possibility that mammalian Cp1 homologue cathepsins in astrocytes may influence behavioral responses to alcohol.
Multiresolution 3D-DenseNet for Chemical Shift Prediction in NMR Crystallography

We have developed a deep learning algorithm for chemical shift prediction for atoms in molecular crystals that utilizes an atom-centered Gaussian density model for the 3D data representation of a molecule. We define multiple channels that describe different spatial resolutions for each atom type that utilizes cropping, pooling, and concatenation to create a multiresolution 3D-DenseNet architecture (MR-3D-DenseNet). Because the training and testing time scale linearly with the number of samples, the MR-3D-DenseNet can exploit data augmentation that takes into account the property of rotational invariance of the chemical shifts, thereby also increasing the size of the training data set by an order of magnitude without additional cost. We obtain very good agreement for 13C, 15N, and 17O chemical shifts when compared to ab initio quantum chemistry methods, with the highest accuracy found for 1H chemical shifts that is comparable to the error between the ab initio results and experimental measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to both understand these greatly improved predictions for 1H , as well as indicating that chemical shift prediction for 13C, 15N, and 17O, which have far fewer training environments than the 1H atom type, will improve once more unique training samples are made available to exploit the deep network architecture.
Optimal International Adjustment for a Country in a State of Fundamental Dynamic Disequilibrium

1. In a previous paper co-authored with H.R. Heller (Britto and Heller [1]) we investigated the question of determining international reserves and optimal adjustment for countries operating in a system of fixed exchange rates. It was assumed there that the equilibrium exchange rate was constant over the planning interval and known to the monetary authorities: the adjustments they deemed advisable to carry out were therefore for the purpose of offsetting temporary disturbances in the balance of payments. Qualitative results were obtained by the technique of dynamic programming.1
Topologically Dependent Abundance of Spontaneous DNA Damage in Single Human Cells

In the studies of single-cell genomics, the large endeavor has been focusing on the detection of the permanent changes in the genome. On the other hand, spontaneous DNA damage frequently occurs and results in transient single-stranded changes to the genome until they are repaired. So far, successful profiling of these dynamic changes has not been demonstrated by single-cell whole-genome amplification methods. Here we reported a novel single-cell WGA method: Linearly Produced Semiamplicon based Split Amplification Reaction (LPSSAR), which allows, for the first time, the whole-genome detection of the DNA damage associated variants (dSNVs) in single human cells. The sequence-based detection of dSNVs allows the direct characterization of the major damage signature that occurred in human cells. In the analysis of the abundance of dSNVs along the genome, interestingly, we observed two modules of dSNV abundance, instead of a homogeneous abundance of dSNVs. We showed that the two modules are associated with the A/B topological compartments of the genome. This result suggests that the genome topology directly influences the genome stability. Furthermore, with the detection of the large number of dSNVs in single cells, we showed that only when the de novo mutations can be distinguished from the dSNVs, can a reliable estimation of de novo mutations be achieved.
Effect of PEM fuel cell exhaust water conductivity on catalyst degradation using thermal degradation resistant polymer membranes

Abstract In this paper energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Williamson-Hall grain size/strain characterization techniques were used to determine the effect exhaust water electrical conductivity, heating and electrical current had on Proton Exchange Membrane electrocatalyst degradation and the underlying mechanism. Quartz containing polybenzimidazole polymer had 6 nm of platinum sputter-coated and while 50 to 400 cycles of either 0.7 mA or 30 mA current were applied. Results showed between 38% (overall) and 100% (locally) platinum removal using 0.7 mA (400 cycles) or 30 mA (50 cycles) using water with 5 vol% acetic acid. The acetic acid increased the water's electrical conductivity and helped transport quartz to the sample surface to interact with the platinum. This interaction increased quartz's lattice strain to 1.4% and resulted in detached platinum. Furthermore, similar results may occur using membranes formulated with acid side chains, which can leach during thermal decomposition and destroy stack performance.
Reflective metacognition and objective structured clinical examination performance in introductory pharmacy practice experiences.

Abstract Background and purpose Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) allow for holistic evaluation of clinical competence, but integration of reflective practices on OSCE performance has not been well-studied. Educational activity and setting To develop metacognitive skills, second-year pharmacy students completed a self-reflection assignment on a mock medication therapy management OSCE in an introductory pharmacy practice experience course. Students who completed the course during the prior year (no self-reflection assignment) served as the control. The study assessed the correlation of students' reflections of their OCSE abilities to OSCE performance and evaluated if student demographics influenced the correlation. Findings There were 107 students in the control group and 95 students in the intervention group. A higher proportion of students passed the overall OSCE in the control group (67.4%) compared to the intervention group (58.9%), but this was not statistically significant. Neither gender, age, nor Pharmacy College Admissions Test score had an effect on OSCE pass rates. Grade point average did have a significant effect on OSCE pass rates (P = .019). Overall, no statistically significant association was seen in summative OSCE performance between students who used structured, guided questions to reflect on their formative OSCE performance and those who did not (P > .05). Summary Despite this study's results, faculty continue to embrace the concept of reflective practice. Further research is needed to assess the value and role of reflective practice in pharmacy education.
Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia

A 21-year-old female underwent EP study for recurrent narrow-complex SVT. Several observations helped support the diagnosis. Typical AVNRT was diagnosed and the slow pathway was ablated with satisfactory results.
Social science as an inherently moral endeavor

The purpose of this paper is to argue that social science is an inherently moral enterprise. There are four reasons to see science as a moral endeavor based on the neo-Aristotelian recognition that...
Marx after Kornai

Janos Kornai chose to become an economist after reading Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. Kornai’s relation with Marx is not merely political, but also professional. Kornai “broke with Marxism” in 1956, but his relationship with Marx’s thoughts were not severed then. Kornai’s post-1956 works can be examined in the light of Marx’s ideas, dealing particularly with equity, freedom and the relation between theory and practice. Some of Marx’s own theses can be enriched interestingly by taking note of Kornai’s later writings.
Single-shot digital phase-shifting Moiré patterns for 3D topography.

A simple and robust technique of Moire topography with single-image capture and incorporating digital filtering along with a four-step digitally implemented phase-shifting method is introduced for three-dimensional (3D) surface mapping. Feature details in the order of tens to hundreds of microns can be achieved using interferometrically generated structured light to illuminate the object surface. Compared to the traditional optical phase-shifting method, a digital phase-shifting method based on Fourier processing is implemented with computer-generated sinusoidal patterns derived from the recorded deformed fringes. This enables a single capture of the image that can be used to reconstruct the 3D topography of the surface. Single-shot imaging is simple to implement experimentally and avoids errors in introducing the correct phase shifts. The feasibility of this technique is verified experimentally, and applications to metallic surfaces are demonstrated.
Institutional Context and Accountability for Political Distrust

This project investigates how voters hold government electorally accountable for perceived untrustworthiness, and particularly how this accountability is conditioned by institutional context. Studi...
Long-term effects of alternative partial harvesting methods on the woody regeneration layer in high-elevation Quercus rubra forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Abstract High-elevation Quercus rubra forests in the Appalachian Mountains represent a transition zone between temperate mixed-Quercus forests that dominate lower elevations ( 1530 m) elevations. Little information exists specific to the response to disturbance, including timber harvesting, in these forests. In this study, we examined the long-term (22 years) effects of alternative regeneration methods – group selection harvests (GSH) and shelterwood with high (SWH; 9.0 m2/ha) and low (SWL; 5.0 m2/ha) residual basal area, and undisturbed control (CON) – on the development of the regeneration layer in high-elevation Q. rubra forests in the Appalachian Mountains. Treatments affected the density of the regeneration layer (stems ha−1; SPH), but results varied by species group. Density of Q. rubra saplings (stems ≥ 3.8 cm dbh and
Affecting the Effectors: Regulation of Legionella pneumophila Effector Function by Metaeffectors

Many bacterial pathogens utilize translocated virulence factors called effectors to successfully infect their host. Within the host cell, effector proteins facilitate pathogen replication through subversion of host cell targets and processes. Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen that relies on hundreds of translocated effectors to replicate within host phagocytes. Within this large arsenal of translocated effectors is a unique subset of effectors called metaeffectors, which target and regulate other effectors. At least one dozen metaeffectors are encoded by L. pneumophila; however, mechanisms by which they promote virulence are largely unknown. This review details current knowledge of L pneumophila metaeffector function, challenges associated with their identification, and potential avenues to reveal the contribution of metaeffectors to bacterial pathogenesis.
Precision calculation of np→dγ cross section for big-bang nucleosynthesis

Abstract An effective field theory calculation of the np→dγ cross section accurate to 1% for center of mass energies E≲1 MeV is presented. At these energies, which are relevant for big-bang nucleosynthesis, isovector magnetic dipole transitions M1 V and isovector electric dipole transitions E1 V give the dominant contributions. The M1 V amplitude is calculated up to next-to-next-to-leading order (N 2 LO), and the contribution from the associated four-nucleon–one-photon operator is determined from the cold neutron capture rate. The E1 V amplitude is calculated up to N 4 LO. The four-nucleon–one-photon operator contribution to E1 V is determined from the related deuteron photodisintegration reaction γd→np .
Transcriptional Pathology Evolves Over Time in Rat Hippocampus Following Lateral Fluid Percussion Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and lasting impacts on the brain, driving pathology along anatomical, cellular, and behavioral dimensions. Rodent models offer the opportunity to study TBI in a controlled setting, and enable analysis of the temporal progression that occurs from injury to recovery. We applied transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis, characterize gene expression and in ipsilateral hippocampus at 1 and 14 days following moderate lateral fluid percussion (LFP) injury. This approach enabled us to identify differential gene expression (DEG) modules with distinct expression trajectories across the two time points. The major DEG modules represented genes that were up- or downregulated acutely, but largely recovered by 14 days. As expected, DEG modules with acute upregulation were associated with cell death and astrocytosis. Interestingly, acutely downregulated DEGs related to neurotransmission mostly recovered by two weeks. Upregulated DEG modules related to inflammation were not necessarily elevated acutely, but were strongly upregulated after two weeks. We identified a smaller DEG module with delayed upregulation at 14 days including genes related to cholesterol metabolism and amyloid beta clearance. Finally, differential expression was paralleled by changes in H3K4me3 at the promoters of differentially expressed genes at one day following TBI. Following TBI, changes in cell viability, function and ultimately behavior are dynamic processes. Our results show how transcriptomics in the preclinical setting has the potential to identify biomarkers for injury severity and/or recovery, to identify potential therapeutic targets, and, in the future, to evaluate efficacy of an intervention beyond measures of cell death or spatial learning.
Thoracoabdominal duplication with hematochezia as an onset symptom in a baby: A case report

Thoracoabdominal duplication with hematochezia as an onset symptom in a baby: A case report
Nobody's Answering Machine

am thirsty for barefoot Aprils! Mine is a faceless April, just living rock and the fury of the path. Something is for certain: tomorrow is Saturday and we need to put our lives on the salt market. The risk is the highest ever taken by the people of this neighborhood, of this slum, kneaded with lilies and mud, flourpaste and dung. Mine is a faceless April, but I sniff its hair and feel in my veins its approaching drums, as once we put our ears to the rail and our hearts shook in warpaint.
The Mitochondrial b-Cytochromes of the Wild Type and Poky Strains of Neurospora crassa EVIDENCE FOR A COMPONENT REDUCED ONLY BY DITHIONITE

Abstract Mitochondria isolated from the wild type and poky strains of Neurospora crassa are shown to contain three b-cytochromes. Two of these—b-561 and b-566 (b-558)—are reduced by physiological substrates, whereas the third (α-peak (25°) at 558 nm) is reduced only by dithionite. The concentration of all three b-cytochromes is much lower in poky than in wild type mitochondria, but the ratio of b-561 to b-566 (b-558) remains 1:1 in both strains. On the other hand, the proportion of "dithionite-reducible" b, measured by potentiometric titrations at wavelength pair 559–540 nm, increases from 30% in wild type to 55 to 60% in poky. The presence of the dithionite-reducible component has been overlooked by other workers leading to an apparently erroneous report that the stoichiometry of b-561 and b-566 (b-558) is 6:1 in poky mitochondria (von Jagow, G., Weiss, H., and Klingenberg, M. (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 33, 140). The measured midpoint potentials of b-561, b-566 (b-558), and dithionite-reducible b in wild type mitochondria are 78 ± 2, -73 ± 8, and -166 ± 4 mv, respectively. Roughly the same midpoint potentials are found for the b-cytochromes of poky and the results support the idea that, except for concentration, the b-cytochromes are not significantly altered by the poky mutation.
Beyond “the men of steel”: The origins and significance of house staff training stress

Abstract Stress is a common and significant component of house staff training. It has a dual capacity to support and hinder the trainee's education and well-being. However, there has been infrequent attention to the purpose and significance of training stress in the medical literature. The myths and traditions of medicine that foster sayings such as “in the days of the giants” or “the men of steel” do not sufficiently explain the dynamics of house staff stress. This article examines the origins, effects, and meaning of house officer stress. Stress seems to originate from as well as influence: the psychology of physicians, patient care, hospital economics, and the relationship between trainees and educators. Adaptations to stress acquired in training influence the house officer's future professional and personal well-being. Evaluation of training stress can help clarify related issues such as physician impairment and mentoring in medical education.
Recovering Drifts and Preference Parameters from Financial Derivatives

Although elegant and stunning from a theoretical perspective, the Recovery Theorem of Ross (2013) imposes economically implausible bounding restrictions on state vector dynamics. In this paper, we first explain why bounding permits recovery: although derivative prices are solutions to partial differential equations expressed in terms of risk-neutral drifts which entangle elements of actual drifts and risk aversion, the imposed boundary conditions allow these two components to be separately identified. More importantly, we show that for many of the models studied in the literature (e.g., Epstein-Zin (1989) preferences with time-varying expected consumption growth and jump intensity), recovery of drifts and preference parameters are possible without imposing boundedness on state vector dynamics.
Guitar Effects Circuits

There are many different types of guitar effects circuits, and I like to break them down into two main categories. First are overdrive and distortion circuits. These circuits are usually fairly simple and their theory of operation is relatively easy to understand. The second group includes more advanced effects such as phase shifters, wah-wah pedals, vocoders, compressors, reverbs, and so on. Many of these circuits can be quite complex.
Regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli B-r: an analysis of a shift-up. II. Fraction of RNA polymerase engaged in the synthesis of stable RNA at different steady-state growth rates.

Abstract The relative rates of stable RNA synthesis (rate of stable synthesis/rate of total RNA synthesis) were determined for Escherichia coli B r growing in succinate (μ = 0.69 doublings/h), glucose (μ = 1.36 doublings/h) and glucose/amino acids (μ = 2.10 doublings/h) media. The relative rates were 0.29, 0.50 and 0.66 at these growth rates. From the relative rates, the fraction of RNA polymerase engaged in the synthesis of stable RNA, ψs, was calculated to be 0.22, 0.36 and 0.48, respectively, by taking into account the difference between the RNA chain growth rate of stable and that of unstable RNA. The relationship between these ψs values and μ and our previously determined chain growth rate of stable RNA has two implications for the control of RNA synthesis during a nutritional shift-up: (1) the increase in the net rate of RNA synthesis after a shift-up results from a transfer of RNA polymerase molecules from unstable to stable RNA genes, and a concomitant increase in the stable RNA chain growth rate, but does not require an activation of RNA polymerase; (2) the synthesis of functioning RNA polymerase enzymes is subject to a growth rate-dependent control.
Sickle Cell Anemia in the Newborn

The clinical presentation of homozygous sickle cell disease is unusual in the neonatal period. Recently, we have encountered a newborn infant whose disease was apparent at birth and who died at 5 days of age. The findings at autopsy suggested a sickle cell crisis with multisystem involvement that was present prior to birth. Laboratory findings confirmed homozygous sickle cell disease without the presence of elevated levels of hemoglobin S. The cause of the unusually severe clinical course of the disease in our patient is the object of the discussion.
Some techniques for efficient symbolic simulation-based verification

Some techniques to make symbolic simulation-based verification efficient in practice are presented. The first technique is applied to the verification of nonregular designs. Minimally instantiated symbolic simulation vectors are first generated, and all these vectors are encoded into one vector using auxiliary (parametric) Boolean variables. The second technique also pertains to nonregular designs, and it offers a way to compactly encode input constraints during symbolic simulation. Two variations of this technique are explored. The third technique relates to the verification of regular arrays. It is shown that many regular arrays require input constraints to be obeyed, and that these constraints can be encoded using parametric Boolean variables. Another related technique (applicable to regular arrays where control-flow is data independent) does not encode the input constraints, but takes them into account after symbolic simulation. All the techniques are supported by experimental results. >
Differentiation of Organic from Nonorganic Failure to Thrive Syndrome in Infancy

Differentiation between organic and nonorganic failure to thrive (FTT) often requires prolonged, complicated hospital evaluation. This study was aimed at developing a more direct diagnostic method for distinguishing hospitalized organic from nonorganic FTT infants on the basis of quantifiable social behaviors. An easily administered 1- to 7-point approach-withdrawal scale was created to monitor daily a standardized sequence of brief social interactions between examiner and infant. Behavioral profiles of three matched groups of patients aged 6 to 16 months were compared: eight infants with nonorganic FTT, ten infants with organic FTT, and seven normally grown infants hospitalized for medical reasons. An underlying behavioral pattern systematically and statistically distinguished nonorganic FTT infants from organic FTT infants and the control patients, despite the enormous variability in illness and social distortions in all three groups. Infants with nonorganic FTT predictably prefer distant social encounters and inanimate objects, while organic FTT infants and medically ill control patients consistently respond most positively to close, personal interactions such as touching and holding. Aside from helping to differentiate types of FTT, this study provides a reliable and clinically useful observational tool for easily monitoring ongoing socioemotional status of hospitalized infants.
Factors that relate to activity engagement in nursing home residents

Many nursing home residents are unoccupied and at risk for poor health outcomes because of inactivity. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of residents with dementia that predict engagement in activities when activities are implemented under ideal conditions. Data from a clinical trial that tested the efficacy of individually prescribed activities were used to address the study aim. Thirty subjects were videotaped daily for 12 days during 20-minute activity sessions. Measures of engagement (time on task and level of participation) were taken from these videotapes. Univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that cognitive status and physical function explained a significant amount of variance in engagement. Efforts to promote function may facilitate even greater benefits from prescribed activities by improving capacity for engagement.
Recent Publications in Natural History

Principal Reviews: Everett, Michael. The Birds of paradise. Skipwith, Peyton. The Great bird illustrators and their art 1730–1930. Parry, Gareth and Rory Putman. Birds of prey. Vickers, Vincent Cartwright. The Google Book.
Chronological effects of mild pressure overload on myosin ATPase activity in the canine right ventricle.

Abstract Mild pulmonic stenosis in the dog, performed by pulmonary artery banding, caused an increasing elevation in myosin ATPase activity which peaked in enzymatic Vmax values by 5 weeks after surgery (35% above normal) and then steadily declined; activity fell 11% below normal by 16 weeks after operation. During the postoperative period there was a consistent elevation in right ventricular peak systolic pressure, which remained approximately 60% above that of normal animals. The free wall of the right ventricle reached maximum size in wet weight by 5 weeks after pulmonic banding.
ATP-dependent calcium transport by a Golgi-enriched membrane fraction from mouse mammary gland

Crude particulate preparations from the mammary glands of lactating mice were shown to transport calcium against a concentration gradient in the presence of ATP and mitochondrial inhibitors. Density gradient centrifugation with both sucrose and Percoll gradients indicated the presence of ATP-dependent transport in more than one membrane fraction. A Golgi-enriched membrane fraction possessed the highest specific activity of calcium transport. Digitonin, which increases the permeability of plasma membranes to calcium, did not affect this process. The Golgi fraction contained a 100,000 Dalton protein whose phosphorylation by gamma-[32P]-ATP was enhanced by a micromolar concentrations of free calcium. The phosphorylation was acid-stable and hydroxylamine-sensitive. These properties suggest that Golgi membranes in an activity secreting mammary epithelium possess a calcium transport system which resembles the calcium ATPase present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle.
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTIVE SUPERSENSITIVITY IN SMOOTH MUSCLES VS CARDIAC MUSCLE: A BRIEF REVIEW

SUMMARY 1. Depending upon the type of cell being studied, adaptive supersensitivity has been traced to molecular changes in receptors, the Na+/K+ pump or the G-protein/adenylate cyclase system. 2. Evidence is reviewed that indicates that adaptive supersensitivity in guinea-pig atria is the result of changes in the G-protein/adenylate cyclase system.
Reducing Heavy Drinking Among First Year Intercollegiate Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Based Normative Feedback

This study evaluated the efficacy of a web-based personalized normative feedback program targeting heavy drinking in first-year intercollegiate athletes. The program was offered through the Athletic Department first-year seminar at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university. Athletes were randomly assigned to either a web-based feedback group or a comparison condition. Results indicated high-risk athletes receiving the intervention reported significantly greater reductions in heavy drinking than those in the comparison group. Additionally, intervention effects were mediated by changes in perceptions of peer drinking. Findings support the use of web-based normative feedback for reducing heavy drinking in first-year intercollegiate athletes.