cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
John Paul II’s vision of the role of multinational enterprise expansion in building the social economy

This essay uses three of Pope John Paul II’s encyclicals, Laborem Exercens, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, and Centesimus Annus to articulate principles that may be useful in evaluating public oversight of multinational enterprises (MNE). These encyclicals are challenges to the prevailing socio‐economic order by an institution that cannot be dismissed as “knee‐jerk liberal” carping. On the contrary, the fact that a conservative institution asserts these principles repeatedly and over time may mean that they should be included in our public consideration of the global resonance of MNEs. Insofar as MNE expansion can mean pervasive improvements in the standard of living of the earth’s population, the writings of Pope John Paul II lead to the conclusion that MNE expansion should be encouraged as long as all of the participants, especially the citizens of developing countries, participate in the benefits. MNE expansion and the expected socio‐economic dislocations accompanying the expansion will require institutional arrangements to minimize conflict, promote cooperation, and encourage solidarity. An organization for multinational enterprises (an OMNE) could fill this need by reducing MNEs’ fears about adverse host country policy changes and simultaneously providing assurances that the citizens of the MNE‐host country will share in the rents generated by the MNE’s expansion.
Arginase Activities and Global Arginine Bioavailability in Wild-Type and ApoE-Deficient Mice: Responses to High Fat and High Cholesterol Diets

Increased catabolism of arginine by arginase is increasingly viewed as an important pathophysiological factor in cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis induced by high cholesterol diets. Whereas previous studies have focused primarily on effects of high cholesterol diets on arginase expression and arginine metabolism in specific blood vessels, there is no information regarding the impact of lipid diets on arginase activity or arginine bioavailability at a systemic level. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of high fat (HF) and high fat-high cholesterol (HC) diets on arginase activity in plasma and tissues and on global arginine bioavailability (defined as the ratio of plasma arginine to ornithine + citrulline) in apoE 2/2 and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. HC and HF diets led to reduced global arginine bioavailability in both strains. The HC diet resulted in significantly elevated plasma arginase in both strains, but the HF diet increased plasma arginase only in apoE 2/2 mice. Elevated plasma arginase activity correlated closely with increased alanine aminotransferase levels, indicating that liver damage was primarily responsible for elevated plasma arginase. The HC diet, which promotes atherogenesis, also resulted in increased arginase activity and expression of the type II isozyme of arginase in multiple tissues of apoE 2/2 mice only. These results raise the possibility that systemic changes in arginase activity and global arginine bioavailability may be contributing factors in the initiation and/or progression of cardiovascular disease.
17β-estradiol affords protection against 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced ovarian follicle loss in fischer-344 rats

Repeated dosing with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) accelerates atresia via apoptosis in primordial and primary follicles in ovaries of rats. The mechanisms that control atresia and VCD-induced toxicity are unknown; however, they could involve 17β-E2. Atresia slows as animals enter puberty, whereas circulating E2 levels increase with the the onset of cyclicity. This inverse relationship suggests that E2 may be involved in the control of atresia. Therefore, this study was designed to determine whether treatment of immature rats with E2 could protect follicles normally destroyed by VCD-induced apoptosis. Female F344 rats were treated daily with E2, ER analogs, and/or VCD for 15 d. VCD alone caused a 50% reduction in primordial and primary follicles. Coinjection of E2 (0.1 mg/kg) and VCD (80 mg/kg) selectively protected primary follicles from VCD-induced follicle loss. This protection was mimicked by an ER agonist, genistein (0.1 mg/kg), and prevented by an ER antagonist, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (2 mg/kg). VC...
Asian Indian Immigrant and White American Maternal Emotion Socialization and Child Socio-Emotional Functioning

Previous research provides an inadequate account of parental emotion socialization and its relation to child functioning among ethnic minority groups in the United States. This study compared reports of Asian Indian immigrant and White American mothers’ emotion socialization and examined relations between mothers’ emotion socialization and child outcomes in these two groups. Indian immigrant (n = 34) and White American (n = 38) mothers completed measures of child behavior problems and social competence, as well as self-report measures of two types of emotion socialization, responses to children’s negative emotions and emotion expressivity. Children completed a self-report measure of social competence. Results revealed that Indian immigrant mothers were more likely than White American mothers to report responding nonsupportively to their children’s negative emotions. However, reports of mothers’ nonsupportive responses were not related to child outcomes in the Indian immigrant group. In the White American group, reports of mothers’ nonsupportive responses were positively related to child behavior problems. Mothers’ self-reported negative emotion expressivity was positively related to child behavior problems and negatively related to mother-rated child social competence for Indian immigrants, while no significant relation was found between mothers’ negative emotion expressivity and child outcomes for White Americans. Moderation analyses were performed with these variables but were nonsignificant. Results are discussed in the context of cultural influences on emotion socialization and subsequent impact on child functioning.
Finite-time thin film rupture driven by modified evaporative loss

Abstract Rupture is a nonlinear instability resulting in a finite-time singularity as a film layer approaches zero thickness at a point. We study the dynamics of rupture in a generalized mathematical model of thin films of viscous fluids with modified evaporative effects. The governing lubrication model is a fourth-order nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation with a non-conservative loss term. Several different types of finite-time singularities are observed due to balances between conservative and non-conservative terms. Non-self-similar behavior and two classes of self-similar rupture solutions are analyzed and validated against high resolution PDE simulations.
OpenStreetMap and Food Security: A Case Study in the City of Philadelphia

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an online public access database that allows for the collaborative collection of local geographic information. We employ this mapping technology to discuss a new social theory of poverty that moves away from income poverty to an economy that directly produces individuals' basic needs. Focusing on urban farming in Philadelphia as an example, we use OSM to support the argument that money, land, labor, and capital do not limit food production in the city. OSM is a type of “commons” that allows community members to depict features of interest to them that might otherwise be underrepresented in official or commercially produced maps such as Google Maps. Using the concept of facilitated volunteered geographic information (VGI) we developed an open framework for combining residents' local knowledge of food resources with expert guidance in data input. We believe this helps overcome problems with ad hoc data submission efforts to which collaborative online projects are susceptible. The prog...
The Production of 10-Hydroxystearic and 10-Ketostearic Acids Is an Alternative Route of Oleic Acid Transformation by the Ruminal Microbiota in Cattle

The formation of hydroxystearic acid (HSA) and ketostearic acid (KSA) from oleic acid transformation has been documented in a variety of microbial species, including several isolated from the rumen of domesticated ruminant species. However, their ruminal production rates have not been established as influenced by fatty acid source. Dosing continuous cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms with 1-(13C)-oleic acid increased the 13C enrichment of both HSA and KSA at 24 h postdosing, and showed that the majority (96 and 85%, respectively) of the HSA and KSA present in the 24-h samples originated from oleic acid. Several experiments using batch cultures of ruminal microorganisms showed that production of HSA and KSA was directly related to oleic acid input but was not affected by elaidic acid input, and that HSA was further metabolized to KSA but not to other fatty acids. When continuous cultures of ruminal microorganisms were supplemented with soybean oil or canola oil, production of 10-HSA + 10-KSA was related to oleic acid input but not to linoleic acid input. Daily production of 10-HSA + 10-KSA across treatments was 14.4 micromol/100 micromol oleic acid input into the cultures or 31.1 micromol/100 micromol oleic acid net loss. The results of this study quantify the formation of 10-HSA and 10-KSA from oleic acid transformation by ruminal microorganisms, and show that their accumulation in ruminal contents is directly related to the extent of oleic acid input and biotransformation by the rumen microbiota.
Suicide contagion among adolescents during acute psychiatric hospitalization.

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated whether exposure to other suicidal adolescents led to suicide contagion among patients hospitalized on an acute adolescent psychiatry unit. It also examined whether some adolescents express more suicidality during hospitalization than before admission. METHODS: Fifty-seven adolescents with a range of diagnoses admitted to a university-based psychiatric inpatient unit were assessed for suicidality at hospital admission and discharge using the Spectrum of Suicide Behavior scale and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Jr. Suicidal intent or behavior was the primary reason for admission of 58 percent of the patients. RESULTS: Despite many patients' severe suicide risk at hospital admission, 94 percent expressed no active suicidal intent and engaged in no behavior that could be considered suicidal during hospitalization. Four patients engaged in possibly suicidal, self-cutting behaviors; however, these incidents did not cluster in time. Fourteen patients (26 percent) expressed a significant increase in suicidal ideation during hospitalization, but the increase was not associated with study measures of exposure to other suicidal adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Contagion of suicidal behaviors may not be a frequent or significant problem on acute adolescent inpatient units, although the phenomenon of increased suicidal ideation among some inpatients warrants further study. Language: en
Crystal Structure of the Oligomeric Form of Lassa Virus Matrix Protein Z.

ABSTRACT The arenavirus matrix protein Z is highly multifunctional and occurs in both monomeric and oligomeric forms. The crystal structure of a dodecamer of Z from Lassa virus, presented here, illustrates a ring-like structure with a highly basic center. Mutagenesis demonstrates that the dimeric interface within the dodecamer and a Lys-Trp-Lys triad at the center of the ring are important for oligomerization. This structure provides an additional template to explore the many functions of Z. IMPORTANCE The arenavirus Lassa virus causes hundreds of thousands of infections each year, many of which develop into fatal hemorrhagic fever. The arenavirus matrix protein Z is multifunctional, with at least four distinct roles. Z exists in both monomeric and oligomeric forms, each of which likely serves a specific function in the viral life cycle. Here we present the dodecameric form of Lassa virus Z and demonstrate that Z forms a “wreath” with a highly basic center. This structure and that of monomeric Z now provide a pair of critical templates by which the multiple roles of Z in the viral life cycle may be interpreted.
EQUILIBRIA BETWEEN ALPHA AND BETA ISOMERS OF KEGGIN HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES

Conventional wisdom maintains that β isomers of fully oxidized Keggin heteropolytungstates, [Xn+WVI12O40](8-n)- (X = main-group or transition-metal cation), are unstable with respect to α structure...
Determining Structural and Mechanical Properties from Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Lipid Vesicles.

We have developed an algorithm to determine membrane structure, area per lipid, and bending rigidity from molecular dynamics simulations of lipid vesicles. Current methods to extract structure from vesicle simulations define densities relative to the global center of mass of the vesicle. This approach ignores the long-wavelength fluctuations (undulations) that develop across the sphere and broaden the underlying structure. Our method establishes a local reference frame by defining a radially undulating reference surface (URS) and thereby removes the broadening effect of the undulations. Using an arc-length low-pass filter, we render the URS by defining the bilayer midplane on an equi-angular θ, ϕ-grid (colatitude, longitude). This surface is then expanded onto a truncated series of spherical harmonics. The spherical harmonic coefficients characterize the long-wavelength fluctuations that define both the local reference frame—used to determine the bilayer’s structure—and the area per lipid (AL) along the u...
Spectrophotometric method of quantifying adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces.

Cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche), feces are an essential part of larval nutrition under natural conditions. The mass values of adult flea feces can be measured by dissolving samples of flea feces in Drabkin's reagent, filtering, centrifuging, and measuring absorbance spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. Either flea feces or air-dried host blood can be used to generate the standard curve used to convert absorbance (optical density) values into mass values. Debris collected from flea-infested house cats averaged 23.02 mg debris per cat per h with an average of 10.41 mg flea feces per cat per h. Flea feces deposited in the environment serve as potential larval food. Adult flea feces comprised an average of 44.28% of the debris deposited from infested domestic house cats in this study.
Pipe Routing Algorithm for Aero-Engines

Facing current research about the pipe routing for aero-engine and the characteristic of its layout space,an engineering rules and spatial discretization based pipe routing algorithm for aero-engines is proposed.In the algorithm,the aero-engine pipe routing is regarded as the trajectory planning along the radial,axial and circumferential direction of the curved surfaces because its layout space is rotatory;then,with the combination of engineering rules and the thoughts,i.e.spatial creation and spatial discretization,local layout spaces are built and discretized as several curved surfaces;finally,the pipe routing is searched according to the proposed trajectory equations and strategies meeting the requirements of the engineering.The case study illustrates the algorithm is feasible and effective.
Congenital Megacalices in a Black Woman

AbstractCongenital megacalices is an uncommon anatomical malformation of the kidney. It has been reported previously only in white patients with a strong male predominance. We report congenital megacalices in a black woman.
Individual Differences in Resilience and Affective Response during Simulated UAV Operations

This study investigated the consistency of stress responses to different sources of stress during simulated multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation. Of particular interest is whether or no...
The Neuroanatomy of Serotonin (5-HT) Dysregulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A growing body of evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be associated with alterations of the serotonin (5-HT) system and that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) may play a role in OCD. In this report, we review this evidence and explore the possible roles of 5-HT and DRN as they relate to OCD.
PtNLMS algorithm obtained by minimization of mean square error modeled by exponential functions

Using the proportionate-type steepest descent algorithm we represent the current weight deviations in terms of initial weight deviations. Then we attempt to minimize the mean square output error with respect to the gains at a given instant. The corresponding optimal average gains are found using a water-filling procedure. The stochastic counterpart is obtained in two steps. First, the true weights, which are unknown, are replaced by their current estimates in the expression for the optimal average gains. Secondly, the current gains are calculated based on the difference between the estimated optimal cumulative gain and the actual given cumulative gain. Additionally, a simplified gain allocation method is proposed that avoids the sorting needed in the water-filling procedure. The resulting algorithm behaves initially like the proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm and as time proceeds the algorithm behaves like the normalized least mean square algorithm. This type of behavior is typically desired and results in enhanced convergence performance. We present results for the new algorithms and compare them to other standard proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithms.
Features of the bronchial bacterial microbiome associated with atopy, asthma, and responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid treatment

Background Compositional differences in the bronchial bacterial microbiota have been associated with asthma, but it remains unclear whether the findings are attributable to asthma, to aeroallergen sensitization, or to inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Objectives We sought to compare the bronchial bacterial microbiota in adults with steroid-naive atopic asthma, subjects with atopy but no asthma, and nonatopic healthy control subjects and to determine relationships of the bronchial microbiota to phenotypic features of asthma. Methods Bacterial communities in protected bronchial brushings from 42 atopic asthmatic subjects, 21 subjects with atopy but no asthma, and 21 healthy control subjects were profiled by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial composition and community-level functions inferred from sequence profiles were analyzed for between-group differences. Associations with clinical and inflammatory variables were examined, including markers of type 2–related inflammation and change in airway hyperresponsiveness after 6 weeks of fluticasone treatment. Results The bronchial microbiome differed significantly among the 3 groups. Asthmatic subjects were uniquely enriched in members of the Haemophilus , Neisseria , Fusobacterium , and Porphyromonas species and the Sphingomonodaceae family and depleted in members of the Mogibacteriaceae family and Lactobacillales order. Asthma-associated differences in predicted bacterial functions included involvement of amino acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism pathways. Subjects with type 2–high asthma harbored significantly lower bronchial bacterial burden. Distinct changes in specific microbiota members were seen after fluticasone treatment. Steroid responsiveness was linked to differences in baseline compositional and functional features of the bacterial microbiome. Conclusion Even in subjects with mild steroid-naive asthma, differences in the bronchial microbiome are associated with immunologic and clinical features of the disease. The specific differences identified suggest possible microbiome targets for future approaches to asthma treatment or prevention.
Association of MMP-9 C-1562T polymorphism with risk of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children of southeast China

Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most prevalent vasculitis in childhood worldwide. Although the etiology of HSPN is not yet fully elucidated, it is believed to be closely related with infections and genetic predispositions. In this study, a cohort of children from southeast China, including 108 healthy controls and 184 patients were involved in. We scanned the promoter region and the whole gene for genetic variations. A C/T transition located in the promoter region of MMP-9 gene, C-1562T was identified. Subjects were genotyped by using SNaPshot sequencing and the frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes were 43, 33 and 24% in patients and 53, 37 and 10% in healthy controls. Allele distribution was found to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.17). Association analysis revealed that the polymorphism was significantly related with HSPN risk (P < 0.05) and T allele was shown to be a risk factor (P = 0.003, odds ratio (OR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.34). Additionally, we measured the serum MMP-9 concentration and quantified the mRNA expression. Results showed that an elevated protein level was observed in patients compared with controls in both ELISA (P = 0.0029, 136.5 μg/L vs. 103.9 μg/L) and Western blot assays. Furthermore, we also detected 1.93-fold increase in the mRNA transcription in patients carrying homozygous TT genotype, indicating enhanced promoter activity caused by the polymorphism. Based on the incidence risk, a cut-off value of serum MMP-9 served as HSPN diagnosis was suggested at 155 μg/L. Conclusively, our findings suggested that MMP-9 polymorphism was significantly associated with HSPN susceptibility, and C-1562T T allele contributed to HSPN development.
Engagement in health-promoting behaviors and patient-caregiver interdependence in dyads facing advanced cancer: an exploratory study.

Diet and exercise are important for the wellbeing of people with cancer and their family caregivers. Unfortunately, little is known about their behaviors over time or factors that may influence their engagement in these behaviors. This exploratory study examined the influence of chronic conditions, symptom distress, and perceived social support on exercise and diet behaviors of patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers using the actor–partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) and interdependence theory as guiding frameworks. This secondary analysis uses self-report data from a large RCT (N = 484 patient–caregiver dyads) at three time points: baseline data was collected within three months of the diagnosis, at 3 months post-baseline, and 6 months post-baseline. A number of actor effects were observed: patient and caregiver prior exercise and diet were significant predictors of their own future exercise and diet behaviors; more patient-reported social support was associated with less patient exercise; more patient symptom distress was associated with poorer patient diet; and, more caregiver-reported social support was associated with more caregiver exercise and better caregiver diet. Partner effects were also observed: more patient exercise was positively associated with more caregiver exercise; more patient comorbidities were associated with better caregiver diet; more caregiver-reported social support was associated with better patient diet; and, more patient-reported social support was associated with better caregiver diet. Despite the challenges of advanced cancer and caregiving, past exercise and diet behavior remained a significant predictor of future behavior. Other health problems and perceptions of social support within the dyad may exert a positive or negative influence on patient/caregiver diet and exercise.
Xenin augments duodenal anion secretion via activation of afferent neural pathways

Xenin-25, a neurotensin (NT)-related anorexigenic gut hormone generated mostly in the duodenal mucosa, is believed to increase the rate of duodenal ion secretion, because xenin-induced diarrhea is not present after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Because the local effects of xenin on duodenal ion secretion have remained uninvestigated, we thus examined the neural pathways underlying xenin-induced duodenal anion secretion. Intravenous infusion of xenin-8, a bioactive C-terminal fragment of xenin-25, dose dependently increased the rate of duodenal HCO3− secretion in perfused duodenal loops of anesthetized rats. Xenin was immunolocalized to a subset of enteroendocrine cells in the rat duodenum. The mRNA of the xenin/NT receptor 1 (NTS1) was predominantly expressed in the enteric plexus, nodose and dorsal root ganglia, and in the lamina propria rather than in the epithelium. The serosal application of xenin-8 or xenin-25 rapidly and transiently increased short-circuit current in Ussing-chambered mucosa-submucosa preparations in a concentration-dependent manner in the duodenum and jejunum, but less so in the ileum and colon. The selective antagonist for NTS1, substance P (SP) receptor (NK1), or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3, but not NTS2, inhibited the responses to xenin. Xenin-evoked Cl- secretion was reduced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or capsaicin-pretreatment, and abolished by the inhibitor of TTX-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 in combination with TTX, suggesting that peripheral xenin augments duodenal HCO3− and Cl− secretion through NTS1 activation on intrinsic and extrinsic afferent nerves, followed by release of SP and 5-HT. Afferent nerve activation by postprandial, peripherally released xenin may account for its secretory effects in the duodenum.
Eolian processes and heterogeneous dust emissivity during the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought and implications for projected 21st-century megadroughts:

The 1930s Dust Bowl Drought on the US Great Plains was an environmental crisis with failure of agricultural systems, landscape denudation, and elevated atmospheric dust loads. Poor agricultural pra...
Effect of Personalized System of Instruction on Health-Related Fitness Knowledge and Class Time Physical Activity.

In previous studies, researchers have identified a general low level of health-related fitness (HRF) knowledge among secondary students that can effect levels of physical activity (PA). An instructional strategy that may increase HRF knowledge without decreasing PA is the personalized system of instruction (PSI). Two classes from a private urban high school in a major city within the Mountain West region of the United States participated in the 6-week study. Group 1 (n = 24) completed a unit on personal fitness using the PSI model, and Group 2 (n = 29) used a traditional DI approach. Knowledge was assessed 3 times (pre, post, 3-week follow-up) using a 45-question standardized HRF knowledge test. Class time PA was reported using a modification of the SOFIT observation system. A 2 A— 3 ANOVA was used to compare HRF knowledge scores, showing a significant increase in Group 1 scores from pre- to posttest (p = 0.003) as well as significant increases in scores between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.03). Physical activity results were compared using a pair-samples t test with outcomes revealing differences in class time PA levels (t = âˆ’ 0.27, p = 0.79). These results indicate PSI is a successful model for increasing HRF knowledge while maintaining physical activity levels.
A PET/MR Imaging Approach for the Integrated Assessment of Chemotherapy-induced Brain, Heart, and Bone Injuries in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study.

The authors of this study present a PET/MR imaging protocol for pediatric cancer survivors that allows assessment of the brain, heart, and bone for chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries in one session.
A qualitative exploration of the experiences, needs, and roles of caregivers during and after cancer treatment: “That’s what I say. I’m a relative survivor”

The transition out of acute cancer treatment has been identified as a time of stress and uncertainty for cancer survivors, but little is known about how caregivers fare during this period. In this paper, we discuss caregiving work up to and including transition from initial care and the needs of caregivers during transition and beyond. We held four focus groups with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors who had completed treatment with intent to cure and two with caregivers for the same population. Participants were affiliated with either an urban academic or rural community cancer center. The discussions focused on cancer-related experiences and needs during the transition out of acute cancer care. Focus groups included 47 people: 28 survivors and 19 caregivers. Three key caregiving themes identified the significance of support for the patient in the clinic, support for the patient in the home, and for caregiver self-care. Discussions revealed aspects of caregiving that created difficulties for the caregiver themselves or between the caregiver and the cancer survivor. Caregiver experiences and needs may warrant explicit attention as survivors and caregivers are adjusting to a “new normal” that is no longer centered on getting through treatment. Patients and informal caregivers are often conceptualized as a “unit of care”; consideration of the needs of both is important for the provision of appropriate and effective health services.
Contrasting duplication patterns reflect functional diversities of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein modifiers in plants.

Ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like proteins, collectively forming the ubiquiton family, regulate nearly all aspects of cellular processes via post-translational modifications. Studies devoted to specific members suggested a large expansion of this family in plants; however, a lack of systematic analysis hinders the comparison of individual members at both evolutionary history and functional divergence levels, which may provide new insight into biological functions. In this work, we first retrieved a total of 5856 members of 17 known ubiquiton subfamilies in 50 plant genomes by searching both prior annotations and missing loci in each genome. We then applied this list to analyze the duplication history of major ubiquiton subfamilies in plants. We show that autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), membrane-anchored Ub-fold (MUB), small Ub-like modifier (SUMO) and Ub loci encode 88% of the plant ubiquiton family. Although whole genome duplications (WGDs) significantly expanded the family, we discovered contrasting duplication patterns both in species and in subfamilies. Within the family, the ATG8 and MUB members were primarily duplicated through WGDs, whereas a significant number of Ub and SUMO loci were generated through retroposition and tandem duplications, respectively. Although Ub coding regions are highly conserved in plants, promoter activity analysis demonstrated lineage-specific expression patterns of polyUb genes in Oryza sativa (rice) and Arabidopsis, confirming their retroposition origin. Based on the theory of dosage balance constraints, our study suggests that ubiquiton members duplicated through WGDs play crucial roles in plants, and that the regulatory pathways involving ATG8 and MUB are more conserved than those controlled by Ub and SUMO.
Radioisotopic Observations on Volume Changes in Cranial Versus Spinal CSF in Response to Intracranial Pressure Changes. A Clinical Study

It is generally believed that changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) are accompanied by changes in volume of one or more of the intracranial components (blood, CSF, and brain water). However, as the intracranial space is a nondistensible box, volume change in one of intracranial components cuases a reciprocal change in the volume of the others. CSF readily moves to and fro through the foramen magnum (Martins et al. 1972), and plays an important role in intracranial spatial compensation. This study investigated the movement of CSF along the craniospinal axis in response to rapid ICP changes.
Postoperative Pain Control and Opioid Usage Patterns among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy.

ObjectivesTo examine opioid-prescribing patterns after endocrine surgery. To evaluate factors associated with postoperative pain and opioid use.Study DesignCross-sectional.SettingAcademic universit...
Drosophila p38 MAPK Interacts with BAG-3/starvin to Regulate Age-dependent Protein Homeostasis

As organisms age, they often accumulate protein aggregates that are thought to be toxic, potentially leading to age-related diseases. This accumulation of protein aggregates is partially attributed to a failure to maintain protein homeostasis. A variety of genetic factors have been linked to longevity, but how these factors also contribute to protein homeostasis is not completely understood. In order to understand the relationship between aging and protein aggregation, we tested how a gene that regulates lifespan and age-dependent locomotor behaviors, p38 MAPK (p38Kb), influences protein homeostasis as an organism ages. We find that p38Kb regulates age-dependent protein aggregation through an interaction with the Chaperone-Assisted Selective Autophagy complex. Furthermore, we have identified Lamin as an age-dependent target of p38Kb and the Chaperone-Assisted Selective Autophagy complex.
Intergenerational effects of witnessing domestic violence: health of the witnesses and their children

Studies that explore intergenerational effects of witnessing domestic violence during childhood ("witnessing") are lacking. We examined effects of witnessing on general health status for adults who witnessed domestic violence during childhood and their children. Cross-sectional data from population-based phone interviews conducted in Philadelphia during 2012-2013 provided health information for 329 parents and children, and parent's witnessing exposure. We used propensity scores to predict parent's witnessing status using childhood confounders; response models included inverse probability of treatment weighting and population weights for standardization. Separate standardized multivariate logistic regression models provided average treatment effects and 95% CIs for associations between childhood witnessing and below average health for: 1) adults who witnessed and 2) their children. Sensitivity analyses guided interpretation. Standardized models showed no differences in average treatment effects for below average adult health for witnesses vs. non-witnesses [0.04 (-0.12, 0.19)]. Conversely, children whose parents witnessed had considerably higher probability of having below average health than children whose parents did not witness [0.15 (0.02, 0.28)]. An unmeasured confounder would need 3.0-fold associations with both exposure and outcome to completely remove observed effects, indicating a moderate relationship. However, the lower confidence bound could cross 1.0 in the presence of a weaker unmeasured confounder having 1.2-fold associations with both exposure and outcome, while controlling for our same measured confounders. Witnessing during childhood did not affect adult health in our population, but we found moderate evidence supporting harmful intergenerational effects of witnessing on health, with parent's witnessing exposure affecting their child's health.
Segmental villous mineralization: A placental feature of fetal vascular malperfusion.

Abstract Introduction This retrospective analysis was performed to find out if clusters of mineralized chorionic villi can be regarded as an independent feature of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). Methods Of all 1698 placentas reviewed by the author during the last 10 years, 39 (2.3%) showed clusters of mineralized chorionic villi (Group 1), 100 cases (5.9%) showed randomly scattered mineralized chorionic villi with without clustering (Group 2), and the remaining 1559 placentas showed no villous mineralization (comparative Group 3). In doubtful cases, histochemistry stains were performed to determine the pattern of villous mineralization. Twenty three independent clinical and 43 placental variables were statistically compared among the groups: descriptive statistics (Chi-square, Fisher test or signed rank test), and logistics regression model. Results Clinically, Group 1 featured shorter gestational age than Group 2, and in addition to shorter gestational age, more common oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, induction of labor, macerated stillbirth and fetal growth restriction than Group 3. Of placental variables, fetal vascular ectasia, and clusters of avascular chorionic villi were more common in Group 1 than in Group 2, and in addition, segmental villous stromal vascular karyorrhexis was more common than in Group 3. By the logistics regression mode, segmental villous mineralization was independently associated with other histological features of FVM as a group and particularly with clusters of sclerotic chorionic villi. Discussion FVM is characterized by temporal heterogeneity, i.e. coexistence of lesions of various duration, and strongly and independently correlates with clusters of mineralized chorionic villi. Therefore, segmental villous mineralization should be included into the category of segmental FVM. It can be seen even in totally fibrotic placentas of prolonged stillbirth when other histological features of segmental vascular malperfusion can be obscured by global villous sclerosis.
Use of the Lean Manufacturing Principles to Improve Total Parenteral Nutrition Logistics and Clinical Outcomes in the Neonatal Patient Population.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is one of the most frequently used pharmaceuticals administered to patients in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Initially, the total interdepartmental processing time (ordering, manufacturing, and delivery between NICU and Pharmacy) averaged 15.2 hours. Inefficiencies in this process only allowed TPN to infuse 8.8 hours on average before labs were collected the next morning. Given the short administration-to-laboratory collection time, we hypothesized that laboratory samples would not adequately reflect the effect of the current TPN infusion. Furthermore, clinicians would be making decisions based on suboptimal data and ultimately nourish this patient population inadequately. Methods The project team and the frontline staff created an efficient process for the manufacture and delivery of TPN. They removed waste in the process associated with manufacturing TPN and created capacity for change upstream (ordering process) and downstream (TPN infusion process) of the internal pharmacy process. The use of selection criteria and new standard operating procedures allowed for controlled PDSA testing of changes on a subset of patients. After we attained proven, sustainable results, we scaled the improvement efforts to the entire NICU patient population. Results After 4 cycles of change, patients now receive TPN on average 14.2 hours before new labs are collected. The interventions over the continuum of this project yielded statistically significant results, increased infusion times to our patients by 61.4% (P < 0.001), improved glucose homeostasis, and decreased average length of stay. Conclusions In conclusion, creating process capacity from incremental changes and iterative PDSA cycles has yielded sustained results.
Assembly of glass and copolymer particles on a liquid surface: an experimental study

An experimental investigation of the assembly of glass and copolymer particles, of two different sizes, on two different liquid surfaces is presented. The dynamics of assembly, under the influence ...
Macrodrilidae fam. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), a new family of scale insects in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

A new family, genus and species of scale insect is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The male specimen of Macrodrilus bostrychus gen et sp. nov. in the new family Macrodrilidae (Hemipter...
A CHALLENGING POSITION: THE SEARCH FOR HIDDEN PATHOLOGY

Physiologic effects may be under-recognized in patients with pectus excavatum. A 26-year old woman presented with chest tightness, palpitations, and worsening exercise tolerance. Prior studies (transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), pulmonary function and laboratory tests) were unremarkable. She had
Inferring Intentions from Emotion Expressions in Social Decision Making

In the last decade we have seen increasing experimental evidence that people make important inferences from emotion expressions about others’ intentions in situations of interdependent decision making. Reverse appraisal has been proposed as one mechanism whereby people retrieve, from emotion displays, information about how others are appraising the ongoing interaction (e.g., does my counterpart find the current outcome to be goal conducive? Does s/he blame me for it?); in turn, from these appraisal attributions, people make inferences about the others’ goals (e.g., is my counterpart likely to cooperate?) that shape their decision making. Here we review experimental evidence and progress that has been done in understanding this inferential mechanism and its relationship to other mechanisms for the interpersonal effects of emotion (e.g., emotional contagion and social appraisal). We discuss theoretical implications for our understanding of the role of emotion expression on human decision making, but also practical implications for the growing industry of socially intelligent machines (e.g., personal digital assistants and social robots).
Imaging analysis of necrotizing enterocolitis

坏死性小肠结肠炎是常见的新生儿外科急症，近年发病率呈上升趋势。本病病因不明，起病急，病死率高，是儿童早期死亡的重要原因。腹部X线平片是首选影像检查方法，由于病情进展快，及时复查、动态观察对评估病情非常重要。主要X线征象为肠管充气减少或不均匀，病变肠管形态僵直和肠间隙增厚伴积气，门静脉积气为特征性改变，其他可合并腹腔积液及气腹。超声及增强CT可辅助评估肠壁血运情况。
Molecular Basis of Far-red Sensing in Cyanobacteriochrome

Abstract Cyanobacteriochromes are small, panchromatic photoreceptors in the phytochrome superfamily that regulate diverse light-mediated adaptive processes in cyanobacteria. The molecular basis of far-red (FR) light perception by cyanobacteriochromes is currently unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of a far-red-sensing cyanobacteriochrome from Anabaena cylindrica PCC 7122, which exhibits a reversible far-red/orange photocycle. The 2.7 A structure of its FR-absorbing dark state, determined by room temperature serial crystallography and cryo-crystallography, reveals an all-Z,syn configuration of its bound linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore that is less extended than the bilin chromophores of all known phytochromes. Based on structural comparisons with other bilin-binding proteins and extensive spectral analyses on mutants, we identify key protein-chromophore interactions that enable far-red sensing in bilin-binding proteins. We propose that FR-CBCRs employ two distinct tuning mechanisms, which work together to produce a large batho-chromatic shift. Findings of this work have important implications for development and improvement of photoproteins with far-red absorption and fluorescence. Significance Statement Phytochromes are well known far-red-light sensors found in plants that trigger adaptive responses to facilitate competition for light capture with neighboring plants. Red- and far-red-sensing are critical to cyanobacteria living in the far-red-enriched shade of plants. Here we report the crystal structure of a far-red-sensing cyanobacteriochrome, a distant cyanobacterial relative of phytochrome. These studies shed insight into the poorly understood molecular basis of far-red-sensing by phytobilin-based photoreceptors. Owing to the deep tissue penetration of far-red light, far-red-sensing photoreceptors offer promising protein scaffolds for developing gene-based photoswitches, optoacoustic contrast agents and fluorescent probes for in situ imaging and optogenetic applications.
Discrete choice models

Choice models attempt to analyze decision marker’s preferences amongst alternatives. We’ll primarily address the binary case to simplify the illustrations though in principle any number of discrete choices can be analyzed. A key is choices are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. This framing exercise impacts the interpretation of the data.
An Electrochemical Biochip for Measuring Low Concentrations of Analytes With Adjustable Temporal Resolutions

Electrochemical micro-sensors made of nano-graphitic (NG) carbon materials could offer high sensitivity and support voltammetry measurements at vastly different temporal resolutions. Here, we implement a configurable CMOS biochip for measuring low concentrations of bio-analytes by leveraging these advantageous features of NG micro-sensors. In particular, the core of the biochip is a discrete-time $\Delta \Sigma$ modulator, which can be configured for optimal power consumption according to the temporal resolution requirements of the sensing experiments while providing a required precision of $\approx$ 13 effective number of bits. We achieve this new functionality by developing a design methodology using the physical models of transistors, which allows the operating region of the modulator to be switched on-demand between weak and strong inversion. We show the application of this configurable biochip through in-vitro measurements of dopamine with concentrations as low as 50 nM and 200 nM at temporal resolutions of 100 ms and 10 s, respectively.
Opportunities and Trends for Energy Storage Plus Solar in the CAISO Real-Time Market: 2014-2018

Increased deployment of rooftop solar in California has resulted in the "duck curve", where there is a decrease in the midday net load followed by a very fast increase in late afternoon caused by declining solar output and a simultaneous increase in load. The large observed and even larger predicted ramp rates present a reliability concern. Therefore, there is keen interest in the potential advantages of deploying solar combined with energy storage. This paper formulates the optimization problem to identify the maximum potential revenue from pairing storage with solar and participating in the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) hour-ahead scheduling process (HASP) real-time market for energy. Using the optimization formulation, five years of historical market data (2014-2018) for 2,172 price nodes was analyzed to identify trends and opportunities for the deployment of solar plus storage. In addition, a comparison of the opportunities in the day ahead and HASP real-time energy markets is presented.
Contemporary Management of Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck—Part 1: Vascular Malformations: A Review

Importance Vascular anomalies of the head and neck are relatively rare lesions. Management is challenging because of the high likelihood of involvement of functionally critical structures. Multiple modalities of treatment exist for vascular anomalies of the head and neck, including medical therapies, sclerotherapy and embolization procedures, and surgery. This review focuses on the accurate diagnosis and the relative roles of the various therapeutic options. Observations Vascular anomalies are classified by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into 2 major groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular tumors encompass proliferative lesions ranging from infantile and congenital hemangiomas to kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. Alternatively, vascular malformations are embryologic errors in vasculogenesis. This article focuses on the management of vascular malformations. The 3 primary vascular malformation subclassifications are lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous. The burden of disease, diagnosis, and current management options are discussed in detail for each subtype. Conclusions and Relevance Most vascular malformations of the head and neck require a multidisciplinary approach. Available medical, interventional radiologic, and surgical interventions are constantly evolving. Optimization of function and cosmesis must be balanced with minimization of treatment-associated morbidity. Otolaryngologists–head and neck surgeons must remain up to date regarding options for diagnosis and management of these lesions.