cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching database systems with web applications team projects

This paper describes an approach to teaching undergraduate-level database systems with Web applications team projects. The Web applications employ the three-tier architecture in the Java programming language with Apache Tomcat as the Web server and PostgreSQL as the database server. Students use the Eclipse IDE configured for Web applications and the CVS concurrent versioning system for team member cooperation on software development. The database topics covered in the course are closely synchronized with the steps students take in their team projects. To minimize the intrusion of Web programming, straightforward sample programs and a sample Web application are used to help students in acquiring the knowledge and skills of Web applications development and applying them in their projects.
Korngrößenänderung beim Carburieren von Wolfram und Sintern von Wolframcarbid

Die Korngrosenanderungen im Verlauf der Herstellung von Hartlegierungen wurden mikroskopisch, rontgenographisch und korngrosenanalytisch untersucht. Die Reaktion von Wolfram mit Kohlenstoff wurde an der Oberflache und im Inneren der Wolframpartikel verfolgt und erlaubt so, den Mechanismus der Carburierung und das Kornwachstum zu erklaren. Drei charakteristische WC-Sorten wurden mit Kobalt in einer Kugelmuhle gemahlen und die resultierende Korngrosenverteilung mit den Eigenschaften des Ausgangsmaterials in Beziehung gebracht. Bei diesen Versuchen zeigte sich, das die Teilchen durch Absplittern zerkleinert werden. Das Kornwachstum beim Sintern beginnt bereits als Festkorperreaktion betrachtlich unterhalb jener Temperatur, bei der flussige Phase auftritt. Schlieslich wurde darauf hingewiesen, das die Erforschung der Defektstellen eine Klarung der Wachstumsphanomene erleichtern mag.
Male genital trauma at a Level 1 trauma center

To describe our experience with men admitted to a tertiary care hospital with genital injury. Adult men with injuries of the genitals, admitted to our institution between January 2013 and June 2018, were identified from our institutional trauma registry. Patient charts were queried to extract mechanism, management, follow-up, and complications. 118 men met inclusion criteria. 39% and 61% sustained penetrating and blunt injuries, respectively. The most common mechanisms of penetrating trauma were external violence (48%) and self-inflicted injury (40%). The most common mechanisms of blunt trauma were motorcycle crash (33%) and sexual injury/intercourse (22%). 38% presented with penile and 71% with scrotal injuries. 48% of men with scrotal injuries had concomitant testis injury. 9.3% presented with both a penile and a scrotal injury. Concomitant urethral injuries were found in 17% of all genital injuries. Genital trauma was more common in the summer months. 74% of all genital injuries were managed operatively, with surgery more common after penetrating injury (89% vs 64%, p value < 0.01). 73% of 84 men with scrotal trauma were managed operatively. 27 men received surgical intervention for testis rupture, with a testicular salvage rate of 44%. 60 (51%) patients presented for follow-up. The median length of follow-up from initial injury was 29 (± 250) days. Of these, 9 (15%) patients developed one or more complications Genital injuries can occur via numerous mechanisms and frequently require operative intervention. Concomitant urethral injury is common. More work is needed to evaluate the long-term sequelae of these injuries.
Identification of differentially flat output of underactuated dynamic systems

This paper presents a data-driven algorithm for identification of locally differentially flat output from system output measurements. No detailed mathematical model of the system is needed. Trial o...
BRAF Alteration in Central and Peripheral Nervous System Tumors

BRAF (alternately referred to as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) is a proto-oncogene involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. BRAF alterations are most commonly missense mutations or aberrant fusions. These mutations are observed in numerous primary central nervous system tumors as well as metastases. This review discusses the prevalence of BRAF alteration within select notable CNS tumors, and their prognostic associations. Included are some novel entities such as diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY), and multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT). Knowledge of this gene's integrity in CNS and PNS tumors can have profound diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Also reviewed are the current state of targeted therapy against aberrant BRAF as it pertains mostly to the CNS and to a lesser extent in PNS, and certain diagnostic aspects.
How Industries Evolve, Mature, and Revitalize

Industries go through a similar process of evolution in pursuit of growth and efficiency. This chapter highlights that process and discusses each stage of their life cycle: start up, growth, maturity, and aging. The start-up phase is marked by significant growth and a lack of organization. Those who can create efficiency survive. In the growth phase, the challenge is to gain market share while becoming a full-line generalist. This is done by adopting one of the following strategies: market penetration, market expansion, complementary diversification, or product expansion. The maturity phase is when revitalization and the adoption of new technologies must occur for survival. Efficiency through scale typically results from the following scenarios: government mandates, regulated monopoly, shakeouts and mergers, and shared standards/costs. After an industry achieves scale efficiency and scope capabilities, it must evolve to revitalize to avoid death. The key drivers of market revitalization are substitute technologies, changing demographics, changing policy and regulation, and emerging markets. Emergence of middle-class markets presents significant opportunities for market revitalization in the twenty-first century.
A Crisis of Competence: Information, Corruption, and Knowledge about the Decline of the Qing State

This article elaborates on the claim of this special issue that “bureaucratic actions” are “knowledge practices” that have “the power to both make and break social and material worlds” to question the standard assumption that the Qing state became increasingly corrupt over the course of the long nineteenth century. It examines the evolution of the Qing information regime in one field—prison administration—to elucidate the relationship between information about the Qing state and knowledge of it. By reviewing how processes of enhanced reporting led to greater regulation and scrutiny, the first portion of this article argues that reporting processes that have seemed (both to Qing actors and historians) to be straightforward requests for information led over time to subtle but profound shifts in the epistemological and administrative foundations of the Qing state. It then demonstrates how Qing actors themselves engaged in discourses of corruption that eventually evolved into revolutionary critique and, finally, historiographical commonplace. The article concludes with the suggestion that although an abundance of information about the rise of corruption throughout the Qing administration appears from the middle of the eighteenth century onward, neither historians nor Qing actors themselves have distinguished between the growth of information alone and the growth of corruption itself. This article is part of a special issue entitled “Histories of Bureaucratic Knowledge,” edited by Sebastian Felten and Christine von Oertzen.
Predicting Time of Remaining Life on Treatment During Palliative Radiotherapy: A Stratified Analysis of a Novel Palliative Use Ratio.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To investigate factors associated with high proportion of remaining life spent receiving palliative radiotherapy (PRT) for three commonly utilized PRT regimens using a novel metric, the Palliative Use Ratio (PUR). MATERIALS/METHODS We identified consecutive patients receiving PRT with 8 Gy in a single fraction (n = 207), 20 Gy in 5 fractions (n = 152), and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (n = 651) at the discretion of the treating clinician between 2014-2018. The number of days between PRT start and finish was calculated. This value was then divided by overall survival (OS, in days from start of PRT) to generate the PUR, which is summarized using median (interquartile range, IQR) and compared across various clinical factors using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Factors identified with a significance level P < 0.01 were included in a novel PUR Score (PURS). Each factor, if present, equals 1 point. This score was used to categorize and predict for high PUR across each fractionation scheme. RESULTS A total of 1010 PRT courses were delivered. Baseline factors associated with fractionation included ECOG, PRT indication, prior PRT, chemotherapy, and treated site. The fractionation scheme chosen was ultimately associated with OS. Factors associated with increased PUR were included in the scoring system and stratified across 1, 5, and 10 fraction regimens, as outlined in the table below. For patients treated with 8 Gy in 1 fraction, low (0-1) v. high (2-5) PUR Score was associated with a median PUR of 0.01 v. 0.03 (P < 0.001). For those treated with 20 Gy in 5 fractions, low (0-1) v. high (2) PUR Score was associated with a PUR 0.05 v. 0.15 (P < 0.001). A three-tiered PUR Score categorization (low, 0-2; medium, 3-4; high, 5-6) predicted increased PUR in patients treated with 10 fractions: 0.06 v. 0.13 v. 0.23, respectively (P < 0.001). A high PUR Score predicted for an increased ratio of time on treatment to remaining life: 3% for 1 fraction, 15% for 5 fractions, and 23% for 10 fraction regimens. CONCLUSION We describe a novel metric for evaluating the utility of three common PRT regimens that may assist with clinical decision-making. Single-fraction regimens are associated with low PUR. When considering 5 or 10 fraction regimens, the PUR Score identifies patients who may benefit from shorter courses of PRT, as those with a high PUR score spent a substantial proportion of their remaining life on treatment. Prospective, external validation is warranted.
Investigation of the dynamic properties of engine fan titanium rotor blades in a high manoeuvrability aircraft in FOD aspect

A current problem concerning the use of military and civilian aircraft is the damage caused to turbine compressor blades by ‘foreign objects’. Here the term ‘foreign objects’ means small stones, pieces of metal, cement pitch, asphalt, etc., left on runways and taxiways. Foreign objects also include ice and iced lumps of snow as well as birds sucked into aircraft engine air ducts. All such objects pose a serious threat to proper engine operation. They are very harmful in two respects. One is the direct danger during flight when a bird or some other object is sucked into the engine. The other danger is in what might occur in later flights if the engine, especially the compressor and turbine blades, are not inspected for durability reassessment. This paper presents an analysis of how the size and distribution of defects on blade edges affect, the frequencies and fatigue strength of titanium blades in the first four stages of a high manoeuvrability jet engine fan (low pressure compressor). In particular, damaged high manoeuvrability aircraft fan stage rotor blades and measured natural vibration frequencies and logarithmic decrement of damping of high manoeuvrability aircraft fan titanium blades are presented in the paper.
A Review of Critical Issues in American Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 2

I like this book. In 1983, reviewing the first volume of this series [1] prepared for the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (Tri-State Chapter), I groused a great deal. I complained that papers were uneven in quality, and that many had been prepared for oral presentation rather than reading. While it might be an excellent textbook on forensic psychiatric problems, I felt this book would probably be of far less value to attorneys or to psychiatrists seeking information for specific cases.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Over the last decade, the use of laparoscopy by urologists has grown exponentially. From its initial use in pelvic lymph node dissections to contemporary use in radical prostatectomies, laparoscopy is quickly becoming a staple in the armament of modern urologic surgery. Because of its technical challenge and steep learning curve, laparoscopy tends to be limited to younger, fellowship-trained surgeons. In addition, standard laparoscopic techniques even in the most skilled hands are not routinely used for removal of kidneys with large tumors. By developing hand-assisted techniques, we have been able to extend the use of laparoscopy to overcome immense technical challenges, to shorten operative time and hospital stay, to decrease morbidity, and to improve patient quality of life.
Tuning improved anisotropic actions in lattice perturbation theory

We discuss the tuning of the anisotropic clover action and Symanzik-improved gauge action in lattice perturbation theory. The fermion action is constructed from stout-smeared spatial links, which complicates the calculation considerably. In addition, the full quark-mass dependence of the action parameters is included in this study. We present results for the fermion and gauge aspect ratios for varying bare aspect ratios, quark masses and smearing parameters.
Nucleon-alpha elastic scattering analyses (II). 0 to 21 MeV energy-dependent n-α analysis

Abstract An energy-dependent phase-shift analysis of 0–21 MeV n-α scattering is presented and compared to the previous 0–23 MeV p-α analysis. The error matrix and inverse error matrix for both the n-α and the p-α analyses are given.
Internal Auditors Skepticism in Detecting Fraud: A Quantitative Study

A quantitative online research survey was conducted to internal auditors that are members of social media. The significance of the research is to contribute to the theory that the lack of professional skepticism is the contributing factor to malpractice litigations against the auditors. To analyze the data collected for hypothesis 1, skeptical responses of the participants were divided into significance mean of >4.85 as high skeptical and ≤4.85 as low skeptical. Subsequently, the responses were analyzed by comparing the mean of the constructs of fraud indicator symptoms scale with the statistical analysis of One- way ANOVA, Homogeneity of variances. The finding was to retain the null hypotheses because the significance levels of all of the constructs for hypothesis 1 were over the probability rate of 0.05. As a result, the high level of professional skepticism of the internal auditors was unable to influence their professional judgment in detecting fraud during fraud risk assessments. Hypothesis 2 was tested by comparing the mean of years of experience with Hurtt Professional Skepticism Scale constructs to determine that high level of professional skepticism is attained through years of experience. The finding was to retain the null hypothesis because the significance level was over the alpha level of 0.05. Therefore, years of experience of the internal auditors do not achieve high level of professional skepticism. Two test instruments were used in this research; these are Hurtt professional skepticism scale (HPSS: Hurtt, 2010) and Fraud Indicator Symptoms Scale (FIS: Fullerton & Durtschi, 2004). These test instruments were measured on a 6-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha 0.90 was used to test the internal reliability of the test instruments. Data collected were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistical version 21 software on One-Way ANOVA statistical model. .
Testimonial privilege and the problem of death: the Vincent Foster case and beyond

This article discusses what happens to testimonial privilege following a patient's death. First, the article reviews the concepts of confidentiality and testimonial privilege. Second, the article discusses the case of Jaffe v. Redmond, in which the Supreme Court ruled that testimonial privilege applies to licensed psychotherapists under Rule 501 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. Third, the article examines the case of Swidler & Berlin v. United States, in which the Supreme Court directly addressed the question of whether testimonial privilege survives death. Finally, the article comments on the implications of these rulings for mental health professionals.
L-band tunable microstrip bandpass filter on multilayer organic substrate with integrated microfluidic channel

This paper presents, for the first time, a tunable microstrip microfluidic bandpass filter, with a center frequency of 1 GHz, on liquid crystal polymer (LCP). A 60 mil cavity, initially filled with distilled (DI) water (e r = 80), is placed below a 2 mil LCP layer. Based on this multilayer structure, the dimensions of microstrip lines are determined. In order to tune the filter center frequency, DI water is replaced by acetone, with a dielectric constant that is 4 times lower than that of DI water (e r = 20.7). A micropump is used to inject the different fluids and provide the necessary pressure to trap the liquid inside the microfluidic channel. Measured results show 50% tuning which translates into a maximum center frequency shift of 500 MHz. The insertion loss is 1.4 dB and the return loss is 25 dB at 1 GHz for the DI water filter while the insertion loss is 1.3 dB and the return loss is 15.8 dB at 1.5 GHz for the acetone filter.
The use of multiple coronary guidewires to occupy secondary branch vessels and facilitate PCI of a complex aneurysmal stenosis.

Percutaneous revascularization of complex coronary stenosis is dependent on establishing suitable guidewire position in the vascular bed distal to the lesion. We report the use of multiple 0.0014″ coronary guidewires to occupy unintended branch vessels and to facilitate PCI of a high-grade left circumflex obtuse marginal branch lesion with post-stenotic aneurysmal dilation of the vessel and multiple branch vessels. This technique enabled successful placement of a nitinol hydrophilic-coated wire into the distal vascular bed beyond the region of obstruction followed by placement of a drug-eluting stent with restoration of luminal dimensions and TIMI-3 angiographic flow. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Active Fixturing for Mesoscale Manufacturing Systems: Fixel Design Alternatives

This paper presents an investigation of fixel design alternatives for active (dynamic) fixturing to be incorporated into mesoscale manufacturing systems. Using simple compliant mechanisms and components (e.g., monolithic four-bar mechanisms and/or cantilever beams), fixels exhibiting mechanically adjustable stiffness characteristics are achievable. Manually or automating the stiffness adjustments, these fixels provide a functionality for enabling greater control of the dynamic response of the workpiece due to vibrations and variation in contact forces at the tool-workpiece-fixture interface. To quantify the fixel functionality and its dynamic range, this paper presents the theoretical models of the stiffness characteristics expressed as a function of each fixel design’s mechanical variables. Upon establishing a common stiffness range for the different fixel designs, a metric is formed based on the sensitivity of stiffness expressed as a function of slenderness ratio and an operation range, bounded by a maximum possible stiffness value shared by all fixture models. Using this metric, results are generated to delineate the advantages and disadvantages of each design and their potential impact on fixturing and material handling in the creation of micron features on micro and macro parts.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Evidence Based Macro Practice in Social Work, by Murali D. Nair and Eric G. Guerrero

Ever since schools of social work began to devote first year masters curricula to generalist practice, faculty have sought an effective way to introduce macro practice content to students, the majo...
Production of IL2 and IL3 in syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions of BALB/c mice are elevated during a period of moderate dietary protein deficiency.

The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a model of T cell responsiveness to antigenic peptides complexed with major histocompatibility (MHC) proteins on antigen presenting cells (APC). Since dietary protein deficiencies alter T cell development, syngeneic and allogeneic MLR were investigated in mice fed a low protein 4% casein (4Ca) or control 20% casein (20Ca) diet. Proliferation of splenic lymphocyte populations from BALB/c mice fed 4Ca was increased during syngeneic and allogeneic MLR compared with lymphocytes from mice fed 20Ca. Increased proliferation was accompanied by significantly higher production of IL2 and IL3 during syngeneic, but not allogeneic MLR To determine the influence of autologous B cells on IL2 and IL3 production during MLR, lymphocyte populations of mice fed 4Ca or 20Ca were depleted of B cells. Splenic lymphocyte populations of mice fed 4Ca that were depleted of B cells did not exhibit increased IL2 or IL3 production during syngeneic or allogeneic MLR. Splenic APC of mice given 4Ca ...
Analysis of Poultry Fertility Data.: 3. Analysis of the Duration of Fertility in Naturally Mating Japanese Quail

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to test the appropriateness of iterative least squares regression for the evaluation of fertility data in naturally mating quail. In each of four trials, 20 male and 200 female randombred Japanese quail were housed in stacked breeder cages. Paired females were exposed to their assigned male for a single 48-h period. Eggs were collected for 2 wk following removal of the male, incubated, and fertility determined by visual inspection at egg breakout. In Trials 1 and 3, sexually experienced males were placed with experienced and inexperienced females, respectively. In Trials 2 and 4, inexperienced males were placed with experienced and inexperienced females, respectively. Duration of fertility, by male, was analyzed by iterative least squares, using the model y(x) = γ/(1 + eβ(τ – x)). Overall fertility was analyzed with a log odds model following transformation to logits. Iterative least squares provided estimates of fertility duration of 3.75 to 9.18 d, with significant (P
Tools and landscapes of epigenetics

Epigenetics studies the phenotypes that are born from past experiences and are kept for life.
Mechanisms Involved in the Enhanced Susceptibility of Senescent Rats to the Hepatocarcinogenic Effect of Peroxisome Proliferators: Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR), Cell Proliferation and Oxidative Stress.

INTRODUCTION. Nongenotoxic peroxisome proliferating chemicals (PPs) cause hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents, with senescent animals being more susceptible than their younger counterparts (1). Theories have been advanced suggesting a PPARα-dependent role involving Kupffer cells, growth regulating genes, or oxidative stress in PP-induced hepatocarcinogenecity. The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms involved in the enhanced susceptibility of senescent animals to these chemicals.
Haploid Insufficiency of Suppressor Enhancer Lin12 1-like (SEL1L) Protein Predisposes Mice to High Fat Diet-induced Hyperglycemia

Increasing evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SEL1L is an ER membrane protein that is highly expressed in the pancreatic islet and acinar cells. We have recently reported that a deficiency of SEL1L causes systemic ER stress and leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Here we show that mice with one functional allele of Sel1l (Sel1l+/−) are more susceptible to high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemia. Sel1l+/− mice have a markedly reduced β-cell mass as a result of decreased β-cell proliferation. Consequently, Sel1l+/− mice are severely glucose-intolerant and exhibit significantly retarded glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets from Sel1l+/− mice stimulated with a high concentration of glucose in vitro express significantly higher levels of unfolded protein response genes than those from wild-type control mice. Furthermore, dominant-negative interference of SEL1L function in insulinoma cell lines severely impairs, whereas overexpression of SEL1L efficiently improves protein secretion. Taken together, our results indicate that haploid insufficiency of SEL1L predispose mice to high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Our findings highlight a critical and previously unknown function for SEL1L in regulating adult β-cell function and growth.
Estimation of quantitative genetic parameters under non-normal models

Summary In traditional quantitative genetics, the relationship between the observed value of a quantitative trait in a set of families and its genetic and environmental contributions can be described as a linear additive relationship. Generally, it is assumed that the genetic and environmental effects are independent and normally distributed. Consequently, the quantitative trait also has a normal distribution. However, there are some situations where the phenotype does not follow the normal distribution. To deal with this problem the author suggests the families of distributions that belong to the Johnson Translation System (JTS). As an example, two dependent quantitative traits, weight and height, are investigated assuming that they have a lognormal and normal distribution, respectively. Computational methods for estimating the genotypic variances and covariances are presented.
Online Convex Optimization in Dynamic Environments

High-velocity streams of high-dimensional data pose significant “big data” analysis challenges across a range of applications and settings. Online learning and online convex programming play a significant role in the rapid recovery of important or anomalous information from these large datastreams. While recent advances in online learning have led to novel and rapidly converging algorithms, these methods are unable to adapt to nonstationary environments arising in real-world problems. This paper describes a dynamic mirror descent framework which addresses this challenge, yielding low theoretical regret bounds and accurate, adaptive, and computationally efficient algorithms which are applicable to broad classes of problems. The methods are capable of learning and adapting to an underlying and possibly time-varying dynamical model. Empirical results in the context of dynamic texture analysis, solar flare detection, sequential compressed sensing of a dynamic scene, traffic surveillance, tracking self-exciting point processes and network behavior in the Enron email corpus support the core theoretical findings.
Management of the Peanut Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, with Host Resistance

Management of the common peanut root-knot nematode has traditionally relied on treatment of infested fields with nematicides, as well as rotations with other crops. The availability of nematod-eres...
Thalidomide Stimulates Splenic IgM Antibody Response and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activity and Alters Leukocyte Subpopulation Numbers in Female B6C3F1 Mice

Thalidomide has been shown to have antiinflammatory and, more recently, immunomodulating properties, which are beneficial for the treatment of an ever-increasing list of immune related diseases. Although considerable knowledge regarding thalidomide s antiinflammatory properties has been acquired, relatively little is known about its immunomodulating properties in vivo. In this paper, a panel of immune assays was used to evaluate immunomodulation in female B6C3F1 mice treated intraperitoneally for 28 days with thalidomide (30, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day). Spleen antibody forming cell response was significantly enhanced by 37% in mice treated with 150 mg/kg/day, despite an 8% decrease in the percentage of Ig+ B cells. A significant stimulatory trend was observed for the cytotoxic T cell response across thalidomide treatment groups. An evaluation of the spleen leukocyte subpopulations revealed a 23% increase in the absolute number of CD8+ T cells in the 150 mg/kg treatment group and a 9 and 11% decrease in the absolute number of NK cells in both the 100 and 150 mg/kg thalidomide treatment groups, respectively. These findings demonstrate that, in addition to modulating spleen leukocyte numbers, thalidomide also stimulates murine humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo.
Vision-guided heterogeneous mobile robot docking

Teams of heterogeneous mobile robots are a key aspect of future unmanned system for operations in complex and dynamic urban environments, such as that envisioned by DARPA's Tactical Mobile Robotics program. One examples of an interaction among such team members is the docking of small robot of limited sensory and processing capability with a larger, more capable robot. Applications for such docking include the transfer of power, data, and materia, as well as physically combined maneuver or manipulation. A two-robot system is considered in this paper. The smaller 'throwable' robot contains a video camera capable of imaging the larger 'packable' robot and transmitting the imagery. The packable robot can both sense the throwable robot through an onboard camera, as well as sense itself through the throwable robot's transmitted video, and is capable of processing imagery from either source. This paper describes recent results in the development of control and sensing strategies for automatic mid-range docking of these two robots. Decisions addressed include the selection of which robot's image sensor to use and which robot to maneuver. Initial experimental results are presented for docking using sensor data from each robot.
Particle hemodynamics analysis of Miller cuff arterial anastomosis

Abstract Objective Studies of animal and human below-knee anastomoses with Miller cuffs indicate that improved graft patency results from redistribution of intimal hyperplasia away from areas critical to flow delivery, such as the arterial toe. We hypothesize that particle hemodynamic conditions are a biophysical mechanism potentially responsible for the clinically observed shift in intimal hyperplasia localization associated with better patency of the Miller configuration. Methods Computational fluid dynamics analysis of vortical flow patterns, wall shear stress fields, and potential for platelet interaction with the vascular surface was performed for realistic three-dimensional conventional and Miller cuff distal end-to-side anastomoses. Sites of significant platelet-wall interaction, including elevated near-wall particle concentrations and stasis, were identified with a validated near-wall residence time model, which includes shear stress–based factors for particle activation and surface reactivity. Results Particle hemodynamics largely coincide with the observed redistribution of intimal hyperplasia away from the critical arterial toe region. Detrimental changes in wall shear stress vector magnitude and direction are significantly reduced along the arterial suture line of the Miller cuff, largely as a result of increased anastomotic area available for flow redirection. However, because of strong particle-wall interaction, resulting high near-wall residence time contours indicate significant intimal hyperplasia along the graft-vein suture line and in the vicinity of the arterial heel. Conclusions While a number of interacting mechanical, biophysical, and technical factors may be responsible for improved Miller cuff patency, our results imply that particle hemodynamics conditions engendered by Miller cuff geometry provide a mechanism that may account for redistribution of intimal hyperplasia. In particular, it appears that a focal region of significant particle-wall interaction at the arterial toe is substantially reduced with the Miller cuff configuration.
Langerhans Cells as Macrophages in Skin and Lymhphoid Organs

Properties of epidermal Langerhans cell were compared with those of a number of other dendritic cells in lymphoid organs and of mononuclear phagocytes. Among the dendritic "reticulum" cells included were indetenninate dendritic cells from the epidermis, inter-digitating "reticulum" cells from T-dependent areas of lymphoid tissue and thymus, follicular dendritic cells of Nossal, and the dendritic cells described by Steinman and Cohn. Luterdigitating cells with typical Birbeck granules, in the thymus and in the paracortices of lymph nodes, which are morphologically indistinguishable from Langerhans cells and indeterminate dendritic cells in the epidermis, appear to belong to the same system and possibly represent a subpopulation of "macrophages." On the basis of their similarity to these other dendritic cells, we believe Langerhans cells may function in antigen presentation, lymphokine production, provision of a microenvironment for T lymphocytes, and prostaglandin secretion.
Partial miscibility behavior of the ternary mixture carbon dioxide+n-tetradecane+acetone

Abstract The liquid–liquid–vapor (llg) partial miscibility behavior of the mixture carbon dioxide+n-tetradecane+acetone was experimentally studied by use of a visual cell (stoichiometric) technique. Phase compositions and molar volumes of the two liquid phases in equilibrium are reported as functions of temperature and pressure within the llg region. The addition of the cosolvent acetone extends the three-phase llg region in pressure–temperature space from the binary carbon dioxide+n-tetradecane llg locus downward in pressure, towards the vapor pressure curve of the cosolvent acetone. The three-phase region is bounded from above by an upper critical end point (l-l=g) locus, which extends from the binary llg locus to a lower critical end point (l=lg) locus, which bounds the region at lower pressures. The degree to which the cosolvent acetone enhances the amount of the solute tetradecane present in the second (carbon dioxide-rich) liquid phase is compared to that of methanol.
Effects of Nutrient Additives and Sodium Hydroxide on Ensiling Characteristics and In Vitro Fiber Digestion Kinetics of Dairy Cattle Waste-Energy Feedstuff Mixtures

Abstract Dairy waste fiber was mixed in ratio 1:1 (dry matter basis) with ground alfalfa hay, chopped cornstalks, chopped whole corn plant, or ground corn. Prior to ensiling, mixtures received either no additive, dry cane molasses at 5% of dry matter, urea at 1% of dry matter, dry cane molasses at 5% plus urea at 1% of dry matter, sodium hydroxide at 3.3% of dry matter, or sodium hydroxide at 3.3% plus urea at 1% of dry matter. Lactate concentration of silages increased progressively in those receiving alkali, urea, or molasses. Sodium hydroxide treatment tended to increase unavailable nitrogen of silages. Molasses increased a) digestion rate of acid detergent fiber in alfalfa: dairy waste fiber, and b) digestion coefficients of corn silage: and corn:dairy waste fiber silages. Urea additions resulted in less digestion of stalklage:dairy waste fiber. Addition of soluble nitrogen and energy together often improved digestion over addition of either one alone. Sodium hydroxide was effective in increasing a) digestion of certain fiber fractions of all silages except corn silage: dairy waste fiber and b) digestion rate of corn silage:dairy waste fiber hemicellulose. Addition of urea to alkali-treated corn silage:dairy waste fiber increased digestion of neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose beyond that of alkali-treated mixtures alone.
DILOG-Digitaled Intelligence Logic machine

DILOG (Digitalized Intelligence Logic) is an interactive time-sharing computer language which is based on the principle of digital logical computational methods and built by using the APL (A Programming Language). However, this language is neither a general problem solver nor a model of reasoning; rather it is a man-machine interactive system for classical evaluation of statements by preprogrammed logical operators and algorithms. Four very fundamental examples are given to demonstrate the capability of the language.
THE SOCIAL ARTICULATION OF TIME IN EUGEN ROSENSTOCK‐HUESSY

Sociologists and theologians have both devoted considerable attention and energy to time, but the two rarely speak to one another. Sociologists investigate the effects of clock time, railway schedules, and calendars on culture, while theologians examine God's relation to time, usually the time of physics. The neglected German-American thinker Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy can help to bridge this gap. In his historical work, he paid particular attention to the role of rituals and calendars in shaping time, but he was also a Christian thinker who confessed that Jesus Christ brought in the “fullness of time.” This article considers some aspects of Rosenstock-Huessy's rich account of time in the hopes that both theologians and sociologists, but especially theologians with sociological interests, will find his insights fruitful and mine them further for the productive possibilities.
OZ: a syntax generating editor

In response to the needs of students taking introductory programming classes, we have a created a syntax generating editor. This simple to use and reasonably powerful editor helps students avoid syntax errors and also greatly eases and speeds the typing of programs. This is especially true in Modula-2 where the frequent need to change between upper and lower case places exhausting demands on even good typists. Changes in a configuration file allow the editor to work with a number of different programming languages. The editor is written in Pascal and runs under VAX/VMS. Source code, executable code, and documentation are available over the Internet.
Attitudes of dermatologists in the southeastern United States regarding treatment of alopecia areata: a cross-sectional survey study

Background Little evidence exists to guide treatment of alopecia areata (AA). The current practices in treatment of children compared to adults and of progressive stages of hair loss are unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the current practices of southeastern United States dermatologists for the treatment of AA.
The management of end-stage renal disease in infants with imperforate anus

Genitourinary malformations are frequently associated with imperforate anus, and death from renal failure is reported in up to 6% of children with supralevator imperforate anus. In recent years, advances in renal transplantation and the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have extended these therapies to infants in the first 2 years of life. In infants with imperforate anus and ESRD, it is unclear if the additional burdens of the anorectal malformation and its staged repair contraindicate dialysis and transplantation. This report describes our experience with three such infants and outlines an approach to their care, addressing the following key issues: the initial surgical management of the imperforate anus, the careful search for associated urinary tract and other malformations, the ESRD management, and the appropriate timing of the staged bowel reconstruction and renal transplantation. These cases confirm that such children may be successfully managed by dialysis and renal transplantation co-ordinated with bowel reconstruction; however, there remain the longterm risks of immunosuppression, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and associated congenital anomalies.
Inhibition and Modification of Human Carbonic Anhydrase B with Bromoacetate and Iodoacetamide

1 Bromoacetate and iodoacetamide reversibly inhibit human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B. The binding of these inhibitors is competitive with that of the other inhibitors, chloride and sulfanilamide. However, bromoacetate and iodoacetamide are only partially competitive with each other. That is, both can bind at the same time, but the binding of one inhibitor increases the Ki for the second by about 50%. 2 While bound as a reversible inhibitor, bromoacetate or iodoacetamide reacts with the basic form of a specific histidine residue in the enzyme. The half-times of reaction are 0.44 h and 2.7 h, respectively. The pH-dependence of reaction shows that the pK of this histidine is 5.6 when bromoacetate is bound as a reversible inhibitor, and the pK when iodoacetamide is bound is below 5.0. 3 Reaction with bromoacetate introduces a carboxymethyl group in the region of the active center. This group perturbs the active site of the enzyme. This specific carboxymethylation causes about a five-fold decrease in esterase activity and a shift in the midpoint of the pH-dependence curve of activity from about pH 7.3 to 9.2. The affinity for several inhibitors is decreased. 4 Results of titration of the carboxymethyl enzyme with acetazolamide are consistent with 1.0 binding sites per enzyme molecule. This is the same number of sites as for native enzyme, but the Ki is higher with modified enzyme. 5 Studies of the visible spectrum of cobaltous carbonic anhydrase B have revealed two pH-dependent transitions. The first occurs below pH 7 and produces relatively small changes in the spectrum. Introduction of the carboxymethyl group has little effect on the first transition, but shifts the midpoint of the second transition from pH 7.1 to 9.2. 6 Several lines of evidence indicate that the carboxymethyl group in the modified enzyme occupies a position different from the bromoacetate ion in the reversible complex.
The toxic Duvernoy's secretion of the wandering garter snake, Thamnophis elegans vagrans

Abstract The Duvernoy's secretion of the wandering garter snake ( Thamnophis elegans vagrans ) is highly toxic to mice, causing marked hemorrhaging in the lungs, diaphragm, mesentery and stomach lining, as well as mild local hemorrhaging. Systemic hemorrhaging was most pronounced in mice receiving doses approximating the p. ld 50 , while doses two times the ld 50 or greater produced massive hermorrhaging in the lungs and diaphragm only. Local extravasations were directly proportional to dose. Oral secretions other than Duvernoy's secretion failed to produce lethal effects in mice challenged with doses up to 7 times the ld 50 of Duvernoy's secretion. A micro-aspiration techniques for the collection of Duvernoy's secretion from colubrid snakes is described, and liquid as well as dried secretion yields for Thamnophis elegans vagrans are presented.
Effects of heroin and cocaine on brain activity in rats using [1-14C]octanoate as a fast functional tracer

Brain activity was measured autoradiographically using [1-14C]octanoate (OCTO) as a fast functional tracer in rats receiving either saline, heroin or cocaine. Regional optical densities were normalized to a relative optical density index for comparisons of OCTO labeling between treatment groups. Heroin significantly increased labeling in the dentate gyrus and cocaine increased density in the anterior cingulate cortex, globus pallidus, hippocampus CA3-4, lateral septum, hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum. Heroin and cocaine induced significant, but opposing effects in medial cortex and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Both drugs decreased labeling density in the nucleus accumbens and piriform cortex, and increased density in the substantia nigra, subthalamus, medial septum, claustrum, lateral hypothalamus and hippocampus CA2. These results demonstrate the ability of the OCTO method to discriminate the brief metabolic effects of different drug classes, and suggest that heroin and cocaine may activate a common functional system in the brain.
Are somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations relevant to our health? A challenge for mutation analysis techniques

A role of somatic mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations in ageing and degenerative diseases was postulated decades ago, but this hypothesis remains untested. A substantial number of genetically engineered ‘mutator’ mouse lines with increased mtDNA mutation rates were expected to test the hypothesis. However, the results of mutator experiments are inconclusive and their interpretations are often contradictory. The authors argue that the problem, to a great extent, is the absence of a universally accepted accurate methodology of mtDNA mutational analysis and hence the lack of consensus with respect to the actual fractions of mtDNA mutations. Estimates by different existing methods vary by more than two orders of magnitude and the reason for this enormous discrepancy has yet to be fully accounted for. Furthermore, studies usually lack the vitally important details, such as the analysis of individual cells and multiple cell types, which is indispensable for rigorous evaluation of the impact of mtDNA mutations. New ...
Issues of Methods and Theory in the Study of Mathematics Teachers’ Professed and Attributed Beliefs

In research on teachers’ beliefs, a distinction is often made between what teachers state (“professed beliefs”) and what is reflected in teachers’ practices (“attributed beliefs”). Researchers claim to have found both consistencies and inconsistencies between professed and attributed beliefs. In this paper, methods and research designs typically used in studies of teachers’ beliefs are examined. It is asserted that, in some cases, the perceived discrepancy between professed and attributed beliefs may actually be an artifact of the methods used to collect and analyze relevant data and the particular conceptualizations of beliefs implicit in the research designs. In particular, the apparent dichotomy can be the result of a lack of shared understanding between teachers and researchers of the meaning of terms used to describe beliefs and practices. In addition, it is asserted that it is inappropriate to classify any belief as entirely professed since researchers make various attributions to teachers through choices about data collection, theory, analysis of data, and presentation of findings. Moreover, the emphasis on classifying beliefs in this manner may be inhibiting researchers from developing a more comprehensive understanding of teachers’ beliefs. Traditional and alternative methods are described, a data example is provided to illustrate the claims, and implications for future research are discussed.