cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DD66: Der perfekte Mensch in der TV-Vorstellung (Mai 2008)

Meist haben wir kaum mehr Zeit, als schnell etwas auf der Strase zu essen. Dafur schauen wir uns am Abend Kochsendungen an, die die eigentliche Kultur ersetzen. Das ist ein fabelhaftes Modell fur uberhaupt alles! Als Nachstes sollten wir Fitness-Sendungen haben, weil wir ja doch die Zehnerkarte fur das Fitness-Studio nicht einlosen konnen.
Population density and teen pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between population density and the percentage of teens who electively terminate their pregnancy was the focus of this study. METHODS: The United States population density was determined for each state and each district of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) from the 2000 US Census. The United States teenage pregnancy statistics for females aged 15 to 19 years in 1999 and 2000 were obtained from the Alan Guttmacher Institute. The main measures were the correlation between population density and teen pregnancy rate or teen abortion rate by state and ACOG district. RESULTS: In 2000 there was no significant correlation between population density and the percentage of teenage females who conceived when analyzed by ACOG district (correlation coefficient r = 0.063, P =.87). In contrast, there was a significant correlation between population density and the percentage of pregnant teens who electively terminated their pregnancy when analyzed by ACOG district (r = 0.85, P =.003). In regions of greatest population density the percentage of pregnant teens who electively terminated was about 50%. In regions of least population density the percentage of pregnant teens who electively terminated was about 25%. Similar results were observed when teen pregnancy and abortion data from 1999 were analyzed. CONCLUSION: In the United States population density is not associated with the percentage of teenage females who become pregnant, but it is positively correlated with the percentage of pregnant teens that electively terminate their pregnancy. In areas of low population density teens who become pregnant may prefer birth to pregnancy termination. Alternatively, the access to pregnancy termination services may be suboptimal for teens in geographic areas with low population density. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Low Temperature Effects on Survival of the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (third and fourth instar) workers from a laboratory colony were subjected to 0°C for either 10 or 30d after having been exposed to 10°C for varied periods from 0 to 30d. Worker mortality increased with increased exposure to 10°C. The lowest percentage of mortality was observed in workers exposed to 0°C for 10d after 0d of 10°C acclimation. Workers exposed to 0°C for 30d exhibited high mortality rates regardless of the duration of the 10°C acclimation periods. The supercooling point of laboratory reared termite workers generally increased with prolonged exposure to 10°C. Termite workers subjected to 0°e for 10d did not exhibit lower supercooling points following increased acclimation periods at 10°. However, termites subjected to 0° for 30d generally did exhibit decreased supercooling points following increased exposure to acclimation temperatures at 10°C. Lower lethal temperatures were higher than the super cooling points for laboratory workers exposed to 10°C for 0, 1, and 10d and for field collected workers during the months of May to July 1992. However, lower lethal temperatures were lower than supercooling points for laboratory termites exposed to 10° for 20 and 30d and for field collected termites during the months of September to November 1992. These data indicate that 10°C cold acclimation of R. flavipes does not result in lower supercooling points in either laboratory maintained or field collected samples. However, decreased lower lethal temperatures in response to either cooler seasonal temperatures or longer exposure does indicate that a switch from prefreeze mortality to freeze tolerance may be occurring.
Catalyst-Directed Crystallographic Orientation Control of GaN Nanowire Growth

In this work, we demonstrate that catalyst composition can be used to direct the crystallographic growth axis of GaN nanowires. By adjusting the ratio of gold to nickel in a bimetallic catalyst, we achieved selective growth of dense, uniform nanowire arrays along two nonpolar directions. A gold-rich catalyst resulted in single-crystalline nanowire growth along the ⟨1100⟩ or m axis, whereas a nickel-rich catalyst resulted in nanowire growth along the ⟨1120⟩ or a axis. The same growth control was demonstrated on two different epitaxial substrates. Using proper conditions, many of the nanowires were observed to switch direction midgrowth, resulting in monolithic single-crystal structures with segments of two distinct orientations. Cathodoluminescence spectra revealed significant differences in the optical properties of these nanowire segments, which we attribute to the electronic structures of their semipolar {1122} or {1101} sidewalls.
Cyclic transmembrane charge transport mediated by low-potential pyrylium ions.

We have investigated the capacity of a series of N-dialkylaminophenyl-substituted pyrylium and thiopyrylium ions to act as photosensitizers and redox mediators between reactants separated by bilayer membranes. These studies were prompted by earlier results indicating that simple trimethy- and triphenyl-substituted analogues could promote efficient photosensitized transmembrane redox between vectorially organized reactants by an electroneutral e–/OH– antiport mechanism. Unlike the dyes used in the earlier studies, the ions investigated herein absorb strongly throughout the visible absorption region and are therefore potentially useful in solar photoconversion processes. We demonstrate that these ions can carry out cyclic electron transport between phase-separated electron donors and occluded Co(bpy)33+ in several transversely organized vesicles. The quantum yields obtained were relatively low, but were independent of the membrane microviscosity, suggesting that transmembrane diffusion was not rate-limiting...
544 METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS AMONG THE HOMELESS OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

Purpose of Study Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is common in skin and soft tissue infections among the homeless population of Seattle, Washington. A protocol was created for an antibiotic effective against MRSA to be used at the Dermatology Clinic held by University of Washington medical students at the Downtown Emergency Service Center (DESC). Methods Local experts were consulted and a review of the literature was conducted to develop a consistent, evidence-based treatment plan. Student providers were educated about the new protocol and patient handouts were created to assist with treatment compliance. Results Homelessness and crowded living conditions (as are found in homeless shelters) are risk factors for MRSA. Due to the increased risk, the protocol requires all skin and soft tissue infections at the Dermatology Clinic in DESC to be considered MRSA. MRSA is treated with Bactrim DS (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 160/800). Patients are instructed to follow up with their primary care physicians for culture and susceptibility testing. If abscesses are present, patients are referred to the urgent care or emergency department for incision and drainage. A patient handout provides basic information about MRSA, instructions for Bactrim DS, and recommendations for prevention and control of MRSA. Conclusion Since MRSA can be a dangerous infection if not treated appropriately, a protocol that provides consistent treatment and pertinent education of patients and providers at this student-run clinic is important.
Radiation Therapy for Carcinoma of the Prostate: 5-Year Followup

AbstractOur original series of patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with irradiation as the initial modality has been updated. The over-all 5-year survival rate for patients with stage III carcinoma of the prostate was 55 per cent—26 per cent were alive with residual disease and have had post-irradiation hormone manipulation, while 29 per cent were alive without metastases at 5 years.
Operative Versorgung iatrogener Verletzungen

Inzidenz versorgungspflichtiger endothorakaler iatrogener Verletzungen (geschatzt) nach Thoraxdrainagen: etwa 1: 200, zentralen Gefaszugangen 1: 2000, Intubation 1:20 000. Von 1986 bis 1998 38 Patienten mit schweren iatrogenen Verletzungen im Thoraxbereich (vgl. 108 Operationen wegen Thoraxverletzungen): 16 Trachealazerationen nach Intubation,15 Organverletzungen nach Thoraxdrainagen, 7 Fehlplazierungen venoser Katheter. 28 Patienten operativ versorgt, 10/16 Tracheaverletzungen konservativ behandelt. Letalitat operierte Gruppe 12/28, Thoraxtrauma 15/108. Fazit: Eine Reihe von Verletzungen, z. B. beim Einlegen von Thoraxdrainagen, kann durch digitale Kontrolle vermieden werden. Mehrzahl der Tracheaverletzungen kann erfolgreich konservativ behandelt werden.
The Rationality of the Dialectic: Jean-Paul Sartre

The sharp rupture that appeared in May 1968 threw into question not only the functional machine of modernizing French capitalism; the spontaneous creativity it revealed was also so much sand in the smoothly oiled machinery of orthodox Communist practice and Marxist theory. Neither the Gaullist victory at the polls in June nor the promise of the electoral Common Program of the socialist and communist parties deceived anyone: the specter of May had replaced the ‘specter of communism’ announced in The Communist Manifesto. The New Left specter has not achieved an institutional identity, and this makes it all the more dangerous to the established order while at the same time preserving its explosive force. The discovery and self-discovery symbolized by May was in fact a rediscovery of that unfinished work and elemental hope that Ernst Bloch showed to be not just the driving force but as well the arche and logos of revolution. More prosaically, it could be suggested that the nineteenth-century bourgeois revolutions, followed by bitter proletarian struggles, achieved only one of the three emblems that adorned the banners of 1789—equality—and that May 1968 represented the forms of liberty and fraternity that remain to be realized. This was expressed most emphatically in Cohn-Bendit’s iconoclastic insistence that ‘Tu fais la revolution pour toi’; the insistence on the role of pleasure and desire in the festive atmosphere of fraternization and communality turned the revolt into a positive affirmation. Underground, surfacing only in occasional and punctual actions, the specter of May, like that ‘old mole’ whose image captured the imagination of poets and philosophers alike, is digging away and undermining the structure of bureaucratized capitalist daily life.
Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Efficiency Sequentially Mediate Racial Differences in Temporal Summation of Mechanical Pain

Racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes have been previously reported. Evidence suggests that psychological and behavioral factors, including depressive symptoms and sleep, can alter endogenous pain facilitatory processes. Whether depressive symptoms and sleep might help explain racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes has yet to be determined. This observational, microlongitudinal study examined whether depressive symptoms and sleep were sequential mediators of racial differences in endogenous pain facilitatory processes. A total of 50 (26 African American and 24 non-Hispanic white) community-dwelling adults without chronic pain (mean 49.04 years; range 21–77) completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale prior to seven consecutive nights of sleep monitoring with actigraphy in the home environment. Participants subsequently returned to the laboratory for assessment of endogenous pain facilitation using a mechanical temporal summation protocol. Findings revealed greater depressive symptoms, poorer sleep efficiency, and greater temporal summation of mechanical pain in African Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites. In a sequential mediation model, greater depressive symptoms predicted poorer sleep efficiency (t = −2.55, p = .014), and poorer sleep efficiency predicted enhanced temporal summation of mechanical pain (t = −4.11, p < .001), particularly for African Americans. This study underscores the importance of examining the contribution of psychological and behavioral factors when addressing racial differences in pain processing. Additionally, it lends support for the deleterious impact of depressive symptoms on sleep efficiency, suggesting that both sequentially mediate racial differences in endogenous pain facilitation.
Non-protein thiol imaging and quantification in live cells with a novel benzofurazan sulfide triphenylphosphonium fluorogenic compound

Thiols (-SH) play various roles in biological systems. They are divided into protein thiols (PSH) and non-protein thiols (NPSH). Due to the significant roles thiols play in various physiological/pathological functions, numerous analytical methods have been developed for thiol assays. Most of these methods are developed for glutathione, the major form of NPSH. Majority of these methods require tissue/cell homogenization before analysis. Due to a lack of effective thiol-specific fluorescent/fluorogenic reagents, methods for imaging and quantifying thiols in live cells are limited. Determination of an analyte in live cells can reveal information that cannot be revealed by analysis of cell homogenates. Previously, we reported a thiol-specific thiol-sulfide exchange reaction. Based on this reaction, a benzofurazan sulfide thiol-specific fluorogenic reagent was developed. The reagent was able to effectively image and quantify total thiols (PSH+NPSH) in live cells through fluorescence microscopy. The reagent was later named as GUALY's reagent. Here we would like to report an extension of the work by synthesizing a novel benzofurazan sulfide triphenylphosphonium derivative [(((7,7'-thiobis(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-4,4'-sulfonyl))bis(methylazanediyl))bis(butane-4,1-diyl))bis(triphenylphosphonium) (TBOP)]. Like GUALY's reagent, TBOP is a thiol-specific fluorogenic agent that is non-fluorescent but forms fluorescent thiol adducts in a thiol-specific fashion. Different than GUALY's reagent, TBOP reacts only with NPSH but not with PSH. TBOP was effectively used to image and quantify NPSH in live cells using fluorescence microscopy. TBOP is a complementary reagent to GUALY's reagent in determining the roles of PSH, NPSH, and total thiols in thiol-related physiological/pathological functions in live cells through fluorescence microscopy. Graphical Abstract Live cell imaging and quantification of non-protein thiols by TBOP.
Spatially segregated free-carrier and exciton populations in individual lead halide perovskite grains

A study of single grains of lead halide perovskite reveals the presence of both excitons and free charge carriers. The nature of charge carriers in methylammonium lead iodide perovskites (MAPbI3) at room temperature is still a matter of considerable debate1,2,3. Here, we demonstrate that within single grains of MAPbI3, strong spatial heterogeneities on the nanometre length scale are present and associated with simultaneous free-carrier and exciton populations. These heterogeneous populations, hidden in ensemble measurements, have a signature of spatially resolved relaxation dynamics for above-bandgap photoexcitation. Using spectrally resolved transient absorption microscopy, we directly observe both red- and blueshifts of the band-edge absorption across individual grains due to a dynamic Stark shift and screening of excitonic transitions by hot carriers. These observations help address a long-standing debate on the identity of the charge carriers, showing that both excitons and free carriers coexist, but are spatially segregated on the length scale of hundreds of nanometres.
Fusion of P300 and eye-tracker data for spelling using BCI2000.

Objective Various augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices have been developed in order to aid communication for individuals with communication disorders. Recently, there has been interest in combining EEG data and eye-gaze data with the goal of developing a hybrid (or 'fused') BCI (hBCI) AAC system. This work explores the effectiveness of a speller that fuses data from an eye-tracker and the P300 speller in order to create a hybrid P300 speller. Approach This hybrid speller collects both eye-tracking and EEG data in parallel, and the user spells characters on the screen in the same way that they would if they were only using the P300 speller. Online and offline experiments were performed. The online experiments measured the performance of the speller for sixteen non-disabled participants, while the offline simulations were used to assess the robustness of the hybrid system. Main results Online results showed that for fifteen non-disabled participants, using eye-gaze in a Bayesian framework with EEG data from the P300 speller improved accuracy ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for estimated, medium and high variance configurations) and reduced the average number of flashes required to spell a character compared to the standard P300 speller that relies solely on EEG data ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for estimated, medium and high variance configurations). Offline simulations indicate that the system provides more robust performance than a standalone eye gaze system. Significance The results of this work on non-disabled participants shows the potential efficacy of hybrid P300 and eye-tracker speller. Further validation on the amyotrophic lateral sceloris population is needed to assess the benefit of this hybrid system.
Phenotypes, Social Constructionism and the Spurious Finding

Dr. Press discussed behavioral genetics through the lens of social constructionism. She also discussed the phenomenon of medicalization, focusing on the example of smoking as a behavior.To watch Dr. Press's presentation, please see the "Google Video posting":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=522910112497476586&hl=en.
Analysis and evaluation of input power splitting method between multiple transmitters for maximum wireless power transfer

This paper presents an evaluation for an input power splitting (IPS) method between multiple wireless power transmitters (MTWPT) system in order to obtain the maximum received power. First, the structure of MTWPT system is reviewed and the theoretical modeling is used to derive the output power relationship. Then, the IPS method is discussed and evaluated. The IPS method is realized by splitting the total constant/fixed input power P total from the power source between multiple WPT transmitters. The power values P1 through P n that are injected into transmitter coil Tx 1 through Tx n respectively, can be unequal. Under different transmission distances (DIS) and misalignment conditions (MIS) between Tx coils and Rx coil, the maximum received/load power by Rx can be achieved with the optimum selection of Pi through P„ values. An experimental prototype is built in the laboratory to evaluate the IPS method and model.
NUP98 Sets the Size-Exclusion Diffusion Limit through the Ciliary Base.

The primary cilium maintains a well-regulated complement of soluble and membrane proteins, allowing it to mediate a variety of signaling pathways that are essential for development and tissue homeostasis [1-3]. Entry into the cilium is regulated at the base, where a complex containing nucleoporins, referred to as the "ciliary pore complex" (CPC), has been proposed to set a size-exclusion limit for soluble molecule diffusion into the cilium [4-6]. Here, using a fluorescence-based diffusion trap system, we demonstrate that NUP98, a component of the phenylalanine-glycine (FG) hydrogel permeability barrier at the nuclear pore complex [7, 8], limits the diffusion of soluble molecules >70 kDa into the cilium in cultured mammalian cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NUP98 increases the rate of diffusion of molecules >100 kDa into the cilium. The tubulin heterodimer, the building block of the axoneme [9, 10], is approximately 100 kDa in size. After knockdown of NUP98, cilia become shorter, and their length is more sensitive to changes in cytoplasmic soluble tubulin levels. These data indicate a novel function of the ciliary pore complex, limiting diffusion of soluble tubulin between the ciliary matrix and the cytosol, allowing the cilium to regulate its length independently of cytosolic microtubule dynamics.
Type systems for concurrent calculi

Recent years have seen the development of increasingly sophisticated static type systems for concurrent programming languages. Besides early detection of programming errors—the traditional domain of type systems—their applications in the concurrent setting have included strengthening behavioral equivalences and associated proof techniques, identifying confluent fragments of nonconfluent languages, and guaranteeing the absence of deadlock in certain situations.
The Molecular Structure and Interrelationships of Murine T Lymphoid Cell-Surface Antigens

The current understanding of the immune system is that of a complex, self-regulating network of cell interactions involving four components: bone-marrowderived (B) lymphocytes, thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, macrophages, and the stimulus for the immune reaction, the antigen (Jerne, 1974). It has become increasingly apparent that T lymphocytes play a major role in the quantitative control of antibody responses and possibly, through clonal selection, in qualitative control. The functions of help, suppression, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity have been shown to be the properties of distinct subclasses of T cells (Cantor and Weissman, 1976; Feldmann et al, 1976). Although these functions are regulated by the immune response (Ir) region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex, the functional subclasses of T cells can be correlated with the differential expression of certain of their surface markers, in particularly Ly (Cantor and Boyse, 1976) and Qa (Stanton et al, 1978). In addition, studies on cytotoxic T-cell reponses have resulted in descriptions of systems involving H-2 restriction (Shearer, 1974; Bevan, 1975; Doherty et al.,1976), suggesting that there is a requirement for the specific presentation of antigen with the H-2 products. The antigen may act as a modifying agent of the major histocompatibility antigens or as a cofactor in dual recognition. These observations implicate the H-2 products of the major histocompatibility region in immunosurveillance and tolerance, in addition to their role as alloantigens.
Design and Validation of a Peer-Teacher-Based Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Curriculum

Rationale and Objectives To design and validate a peer-teacher based musculoskeletal ultrasound curriculum for radiology residents. Materials and Methods A musculoskeletal ultrasound curriculum with hands-on scanning workshops was designed for radiology residents. Prior to the workshops, several residents received 3 hours of hands-on training in ultrasound scanning technique which was overseen by an attending musculoskeletal radiologist; these “peer teachers” then led small-group hands-on scanning during the workshops. Participants performed diagnostic ultrasound examinations at the conclusion of the workshops to assess skill acquisition and 2 months following the workshops to quantify skill retention. Participants also completed surveys to determine confidence in performing musculoskeletal ultrasound examinations. Median scores and interquartile range (25–75%) were calculated, and t test was used to compare results. Results Thirty seven residents from all years of training and six senior resident or fellow peer teachers participated in four workshops. Diagnostic ultrasound images were obtained in 100% at the conclusion of the workshop and in 79% 2 months later. Prior to the workshops, residents reported low level of musculoskeletal ultrasound knowledge (median 2, interquartile ranges 1–2), and low confidence in performing (1, 1–2) and interpreting (1, 1–2) musculoskeletal ultrasound examinations. There was a significant increase in knowledge (3, 3–4) and confidence performing (3, 3–4) and interpreting (3, 3–4) studies following the workshops (p Conclusion Hands-on musculoskeletal ultrasound workshops, utilizing a peer teacher led small group format is an effective method of teaching scanning skills to residents. There was excellent skill acquisition, good skill retention, and significant increase in confidence performing and interpreting these studies following completion of the curriculum.
Modulation of tumor vasculature promotes tertiary lymphoid organogenesis.

The tumor vasculature has been shown to have pro-tumorigenic effects, leading to the use of anti-angiogenic drugs as therapy. However, the importance of tumor vasculature in recruiting immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the TME, has also been shown. TLS are aggregates of immune cells that develop at site of chronic inflammation and function as local sites of immune priming. The presence of TLS in the TME is a positive prognostic marker in many human tumors, suggesting that modulation of the tumor vasculature to promote increased TLS formation may serve as a novel therapeutic modality for solid tumors. We have previously shown that intratumorally-injected dendritic cells (DC) engineered to overexpress the Type 1 transactivator Tbet (DC.Tbet) slow tumor progression in a mouse model dependent on T and NK cell recruitment to the TME. Our recent work indicates that DC.Tbet treatment of established murine sarcomas and colon carcinomas leads to an upregulation by d5 following treatment of peripheral node addressin (PNAd) on CD31+ vascular endothelial cells, marking high endothelial venules (HEV) similar to those found in lymph nodes. Dense infiltrates of T cells and DC surround these HEV; however, T cells and DC are observed proximal to tumor vasculature before PNAd upregulation is observed, indicating that while HEV mark mature TLS, PNAd does not initiate TLS formation. Instead, we observe that DC.Tbet but not unmodified DC express CCL21, CXCL13, lymphotoxin (LT) α, and LIGHT. In vivo these can recruit and activate DC, T cells, NK cells, and B cells, which can modulate the vasculature via LT signaling axes to upregulate PNAd and propagate immune cell recruitment to TLS.
The Exclusionary Rule

This report considers the types of law violations serious enough to trigger non-use of evidence arising out of the tainted police investigation. The adjudicator or legislator must determine how to balance the seriousness of the criminal violation against the protection of human rights conventions and constitutions, and other interests, to determine whether exclusion would be a proper remedy. This value judgment may be made at the international level, as in the case of torture, by constitutions and codes, and in some cases, by the courts. The prevailing view is that the violation must be serious or involve a fundamental (constitutional) right. The report looks at two critical areas – where police acquire evidence by violating a constitutionally protected right to privacy and where the police obtain confessions. If the fundamental right of a citizen is violated and there are no exigent circumstances, the international consensus is that the evidence must be suppressed. The seriousness of the criminal conduct should only play a role in determining whether there are exigent circumstances. Additionally, the importance of the evidence to obtain a conviction should not play a role. The one exception to exclusion would be if the evidence could have been obtained from an independent source or through inevitable discovery. If the law enforcement violation is not of constitutional magnitude, then the courts should apply a balancing test to decide on admissibility.
Prediction of regaining consciousness despite an early epileptiform EEG after cardiac arrest

Objective After cardiac arrest (CA), epileptiform EEG, occurring in about 1/3 of patients, often but not invariably heralds poor prognosis. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of specific EEG features identifies patients who may regain consciousness despite early epileptiform patterns. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a registry of comatose patients post-CA (2 Swiss centers), including those with epileptiform EEG. Background and epileptiform features in EEGs 12–36 hours or 36–72 hours from CA were scored according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society nomenclature. Best Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score within 3 months (CPC 1–3 vs 4–5) was the primary outcome. Significant EEG variables were combined in a score assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves, and independently validated in a US cohort; its correlation with serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was also tested. Results Of 488 patients, 107 (21.9%) had epileptiform EEG Conclusion Prognostic value of early epileptiform EEG after CA can be estimated combining timing, continuity, reactivity, and amplitude features in a score that correlates with neuronal damage.
Increasing threat of coastal groundwater hazards from sea-level rise in California

Projected sea-level rise will raise coastal water tables, resulting in groundwater hazards that threaten shallow infrastructure and coastal ecosystem resilience. Here we model a range of sea-level rise scenarios to assess the responses of water tables across the diverse topography and climates of the California coast. With 1 m of sea-level rise, areas flooded from below are predicted to expand ~50–130 m inland, and low-lying coastal communities such as those around San Francisco Bay are most at risk. Coastal topography is a controlling factor; long-term rising water tables will intercept low-elevation drainage features, allowing for groundwater discharge that damps the extent of shoaling in ~70% (68.9–82.2%) of California’s coastal water tables. Ignoring these topography-limited responses increases flooded-area forecasts by ~20% and substantially underestimates saltwater intrusion. All scenarios estimate that areas with shallow coastal water tables will shrink as they are inundated by overland flooding or are topographically limited from rising inland. Sea-level rise raises water tables, causing flooding from below and saltwater intrusion. A modelling study predicts that coastal California groundwater flooding will expand 50–130 m inland with 1 m of sea-level rise, with areal flooding extent strongly dependent on topography and drainage capacity.
Public Discussion about Critical Issues in Criminal Justice Reform

Through analysis of six focus groups with 44 black and white residents of the greater Boston metropolitan area, this paper presents a qualitative assessment of people’s “zone of acquiescence” for justice reinvestment reform, paying particular attention to people’s criminal justice budget preferences and their openness to sentencing reform for violent offenders. When asked to write their own crime prevention budgets, participants chose to invest more money into the infrastructure and social services of communities than into police, probation, or prisons, arguing that the former is in greater need of funding than the latter. Most participants were initially resistant to sentencing violent offenders to community-based sanctions, but after discussion, they endorsed a discretion-centric, case-by-case treatment of violent felons. These data suggest that, when properly framed, policymakers have more “political space” to reinvest money directly into at-risk communities and release some violent offenders without provoking public backlash than they have so far assumed.
The impact of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on ambulatory procedures and associated delays in care for asymptomatic patients.

Abstract Background Since the reopening of ambulatory centers, minimal data has been reported regarding positive tests among patients undergoing ambulatory procedures, associated delays in care, and outcomes of patients previously positive for coronavirus disease 2019. Methods A retrospective observational case series of ambulatory procedures was performed. Records since the reopening of ambulatory centers in New York were searched for patients with positive coronavirus disease 2019 nasal swab results who underwent ambulatory procedures. Chart reviews were conducted to determine coronavirus disease history and hospitalizations, demographic information, procedure details, and 30-day admissions. Results A total of 3,762 patients underwent ambulatory procedures. Of those, 53 were previously diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 but recovered and tested negative at preprocedural testing. Of the 3,709 asymptomatic patients, 37 (1.00%) tested positive during preprocedural testing; 21 patients had their procedures delayed on average 28.6 days until testing negative, while 16 had their procedures performed before testing negative owing to the time sensitivity of the procedure. There were no major complications or 30-day admissions in any of these asymptomatic patients. Three patients tested positive for coronavirus disease after having an ambulatory procedure. Conclusion Positive tests in asymptomatic patients led to procedure delays of 28.6 days. No patients who underwent ambulatory procedures after a positive coronavirus disease 2019 test had any coronavirus disease-related complications, regardless of whether or not the procedure was delayed until testing negative. Three patients tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 after having an ambulatory procedure; however, at an average of 19.7 days after, these cases were likely community acquired making the rate of nosocomial infection negligible.
Monetizing Masterpieces in Detroit's Bankruptcy

In 2009, General Motors Corp. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and sold off its Hummer, Saab, and Saturn divisions in order to repay creditors. The City of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy in 2013, and attracted worldwide speculation that it would sell off Matisses, Cezannes, and Rembrandts. In fact, two creditors, financial Guaranty insurance company and syncora guarantee, inc., were persistent in their demand to monetize the city's art collection held in the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA).
Egg and saturated fat containing breakfasts have no acute effect on acute glycemic control in healthy adults: a randomized partial crossover trial.

Background/objectives High egg consumption is associated with poor glycemic control. Considering the widespread consumption of eggs, it is crucial to determine causality in this association. We tested if egg consumption acutely alters glucose disposal in the absence or presence of saturated fat, which is frequently consumed with eggs. Subjects/methods In a randomized partial crossover clinical trial, 48 subjects (consuming ≥ 1 egg/week) received two of four isocaloric, macronutrient-matched breakfasts. The groups were defined based on the main ingredient of the breakfasts offered: eggs (EB); saturated fat (SB); eggs and saturated fat (ES); and control, which included a cereal based breakfast (CB). The breakfasts were offered in two testing sessions spaced seven days apart. Six blood samples (pre breakfast (fasting); 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post breakfast) were collected to measure glucose and insulin levels. Area under the curves (AUC) were analyzed controlling for the baseline concentrations using mixed-effects models accounting for within-subject dependencies to compare these across breakfast assignments. Results Forty-eight patients (46% males, age 25.8 ± 7.7 years, BMI 25.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were included. Neither EB, SB nor ES was associated with a significant difference in AUC of glucose or insulin compared to CB (p > 0.1). Conclusions Acutely, consumption of egg breakfast with or without accompanying saturated fat does not adversely affect glucose disposal in healthy adults. While this is reassuring for continued egg consumption, a long-term evaluation of egg intake with or without saturated fat would be the next step.
Desensitizing ignition of energetic materials when exposed to accidental fire

Abstract Composite energetic materials combine fuel and oxidizers for high energy density exothermic reactions and are used for ordnance, industrial and localized power generation applications. This study focuses on examining an additive to a mixture of aluminum (Al) and copper oxide (CuO) to decrease ignition sensitivity under accidental fire exposure conditions. Ammonium nitrate (AN) was incorporated into Al+CuO, as a 1:1 replacement for CuO, for varied equivalence ratios and examined for ignition and combustion when exposed to slow and fast heating rate ignition conditions. The goal was to develop an Al+CuO+AN formulation that would perform comparable to Al+CuO when intentionally ignited, but would not ignite in an accidental fire. Experimental results show that Al+CuO+AN with an equivalence ratio (ER) ranging from 4.0–5.5 inerts the reactants when exposed to slow heating conditions, yet ignites with comparative combustion performance to the baseline Al+CuO mixture when exposed to fast heating conditions. These results are consistent with thermochemical simulations of the heat of combustion and adiabatic flame temperature for the respective reactions. This study presents a new approach for tailoring composite energetic materials toward accidental fire safety by exploiting the early stage decomposition kinetics of AN, which are activated only by slow heating ignition conditions.
Integrating Histology, Gross Anatomy and Histopathology in a Case Based Approach to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

At Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB), integration has progressed beyond the basic concept of horizontal and vertical integration. We now emphasize student-directed learn...
A direct minimization technique for finding minimum energy configurations for beam buckling and post-buckling problems with constraints

Abstract We present a novel technique to simulate the deformation of a cantilever elastic beam constrained in a curved solid channel subject to end forces. We pose this as the minimization of an energy functional and solve it by a variant of a dynamic programming approach called the Viterbi algorithm. The core idea of this approach is to discretize the variables describing the potential energy and to construct a set of admissible configurations of the beam. The Viterbi algorithm is then employed to search through the set of possible beam configurations and locate the one with the minimum potential energy in a very computationally efficient way. The new approach does not require any gradient computations and could be considered as a direct search method, and thus can be guaranteed to find the global minimum potential energy. Also the constraints can be automatically satisfied by constructing the proper set of all the possible configurations. The approach can also be used to find feasible starting configurations associated with conventional minimizing algorithms.
The Mass Spectrometer As A Detector In Chromatography

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mass spectrometer as a detector in chromatography. The advent of gas chromatography in the early 1950's represented a boon for organic chemists—at least those dealing with relatively volatile compounds—because it was suddenly possible to work with very small amounts of relatively complex mixtures. In those early days, packed columns coated with unsophisticated liquid phases were used in conjunction with thermistors as a detection device. The apparatus made it possible to assess the purity of a compound, or the complexity of a mixture, to recognize a known compound by its retention behavior or isolate small amounts of pure material by trapping the effluent. It was soon recognized that gas chromatography is very useful for the quantitative analysis of mixtures as well as for the identification of organic compounds by the determination of their retention behavior on two or more different liquid phases.
Extending the MPI-2 generalized request interface

The MPI-2 standard added a new feature to MPI called generalized requests. Generalized requests allow users to add new nonblocking operations to MPI while still using many pieces of MPI infrastructure such as request objects and the progress notification routines (MPI_Test, MPI_Wait). The generalized request design as it stands, however, has deficiencies regarding typical use cases. These deficiencies are particularly evident in environments that do not support threads or signals, such as the leading petascale systems (IBM Blue Gene/L, Cray XT3 and XT4). This paper examines these shortcomings, proposes extensions to the interface to overcome them, and presents implementation results.
Fetal complications of amniocentesis.

2 cases of complications which arose as a result of diagnostic amniocentesis are presented here. In the first case the fetus suffered a fatal tension pneumothorax from a thoracic puncture which occurred during amniocentesis. In the second case the infant suffered a cord hematoma during amniocentesis which produced increased tension on the cord that was knotted and twisted tightly around the neck. This mother was sectioned immediately and the baby lived.
The Evolving Door: Providing Technology Access for Post-secondary Students in a Constantly Changing Technology-Based Culture

The Center for Adaptive Technology at Southern Connecticut State University was established in 1988 to provide access to computers for students with disabilities. The challenge of keeping current with both standard and adaptive technology has caused our service to evolve from a focused, centralized model to an integrated model providing technology access to students regardless of their location on campus.
Serum Antibody Response to Clostridium botulinum Toxin in Infant Botulism

A serum antibody response has not been previously demonstrated after infection with Clostridium botulinum. We developed an enzyme immunoassay for measuring serum antibody to C. botulinum toxins A, B, and E. This assay system detected a specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibody response to C. botulinum toxin in two patients with infant botulism.
Challenges for Transitioning Science Knowledge to an Operational Environment for Space Weather

Effectively transitioning science knowledge to an operational environment relevant to space weather is critical to meet the civilian and defense needs, especially considering how technologies are advancing and present evolving susceptibilities to space weather impacts. The effort to transition scientific knowledge to a useful application is not a research task nor is an operational activity, but an effort that bridges the two. Successful transitioning must be an intentional effort that has a clear goal for all parties and measureable outcome and deliverable. This talk will present proven methodologies that have been demonstrated to be effective for terrestrial weather and disaster relief efforts, and how those methodologies can be applied to space weather transition efforts.
Abstract 2816: Immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP) particles promote peptide vaccine presentation by dendritic cells

T cell epitope-based peptide vaccines are promising experimental therapeutics for cancer and infection due to their unparalleled specificity, yet their presentations by dendritic cells (DCs) are hindered by their intrinsic limitations: short half-lives, non-typical antigen sizes for DCs to take in and process, lack of intrinsic adjuvants, and poor cross-presentation efficiencies. We aimed to boost the presentation by fabricating an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP) nanoparticle (NP) to resolve the limitations. The properties of iTEPs that render them as ideal vaccine carriers include their non-immunogenic and non-inflammatory natures, their simple purification method through phase transition, and their ability to fuse the vaccines and peptide adjuvants together. We first fused a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope vaccine, SIINFEKL, from ovalbumin to an iTEP amphiphilie and found the fusion is able to self-assemble into NPs. The NP was turned into a size similar to virus-like particles by modulating the iTEP sequences. The NP enhanced the presentation of SIINFEKL with H2b on the surface of DC2.4 cells in comparison with free peptide, ovalbumin, or soluble vaccine-iTEP fusions. Interestingly, another iTEP-vaccine fusion which forms larger, micrometer-sized aggregates led to even stronger vaccine presentation, an observation still under investigation. Moreover, our preliminary data showed that co-delivering the vaccines and an adjuvant peptide from flagellin by iTEPs also augmented the peptide vaccine presentation. Lastly, the iTEP NPs that deliver tumor antigen Kras- and hTERT-derived peptide vaccines were also generated and are currently under study with a hope to improve the efficacy of these vaccines. In summary, iTEP particles enhanced peptide vaccine presentation. The underlying mechanisms of the enhancing effects of iTEP particles on the vaccine presentation will be studied next. Supported by the University of Utah Start-up fund and the University of Utah SEED grant Citation Format: Mingnan Chen, Shuyun Dong, Scott Cho. Immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP) particles promote peptide vaccine presentation by dendritic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2816. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2816
Secretory Granules: Methods for Preparation

Secretory granules – small membrane-bound compartments for transport of secretory proteins to the extracellular environment – regulate the secretion of peptide hormones such as insulin by mammalian cells. The granules need to be isolated and purified for studies of their formation and maturation. They can be purified by high-speed gradient centrifugation or by immunoadsorption. Although immunoadsorption is faster and gives higher purity, it requires the identity of the surface antigens to be known. Keywords: secretory granules; SNARE; ultracentrifugation; Golgi; immunoisolation
Parmotrema internexum (Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae): an overlooked macrolichen in southeastern North America highlights the value of basic biodiversity research

Abstract Parmotrema internexum is shown to be a morphologically, chemically and phylogenetically distinct species whose occurrence in North America has been previously overlooked and largely based on misidentifications. Prior accounts of the species being similar to P. crinitum but differing in having an adnate thallus, few marginal cilia, and in producing norlobaridone in addition to the stictic acid complex, are confirmed. An extensive review of the taxon, including the use of the name P. internexum in the literature, is provided. Taxonomic treatments of P. crinitum and P. internexum are also provided and both species are illustrated.
MRI of the Female Pelvis

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 MRI Technique 3 FSE Imaging 4 Multicoil Imaging 5 Normal Anatomy 6 Benign Diseases of the Uterus and Cervix 7 Malignant Disease of the Uterus 8 Malignant Disease of the Cervix 9 Benign Disease of the Ovaries 10 Malignant Disease of the Ovaries 11 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Load Conversion on Inclined Plane Foundation

According to the mechanics characteristics of inclined plane foundations in transmission line project, rotary theories of spatial coordinate system were used. Load conversion method on inclined plane foundation is analyzed and obtained to get normal section bearing capacity of the column. Meanwhile, the derivation steps and calculation formulas are shown.