cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective trial of preoperative concomitant boost radiotherapy with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Abstract Rationale: To evaluate the response to a concomitant boost given during standard chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods and Materials: Concomitant boost radiotherapy was administered preoperatively to 45 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in a prospective trial. Treatment consisted of 45 Gy to the pelvis with 18 mV photons at 1.8 Gy/fraction using a 3-field belly board technique with continuous infusion 5FU chemotherapy (300mg/m 2 ) 5 days per week. The boost was given during the last week of therapy with a 6-hour inter-fraction interval to the tumor plus a 2–3 cm margin. The boost dose equaled 7.5 Gy/5 fractions (1.5 Gy/fraction); a total dose of 52.5 Gy/5 weeks was given to the primary tumor. Pretreatment tumor stage, determined by endorectal ultrasound and CT scan, included 29 with T3N0 [64%], 11 T3N1, 1 T3Nx, 2 T4N0, 1 T4N3, and 1 with TxN1 disease. Mean distance from the anal verge was 5 cm (range 0–13 cm). Median age was 55 years (range 33–77 years). The population consisted of 34 males and 11 females. Median time of follow-up is 8 months (range 1–24 months). Results: Sphincter preservation (SP) has been accomplished in 33 of 42 (79%) patients resected to date. Three patients did not undergo resection because of the development of metastatic disease in the interim between the completion of chemoradiation (CTX/XRT) and preoperative evaluation. The surgical procedures included proctectomy and coloanal anastomosis ( n = 16), low anterior resection ( n = 13), transanal resection ( n = 4). Tumor down-staging was pathologically confirmed in 36 of the 42 (86%) resected patients, and 13 (31%) achieved a pathologic CR. Among the 28 tumors (67%) located p = 0.02), SP for tumors p = 0.003), and down-staging (86% vs. 62%; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The SP rate with concomitant boost radiation has been highly favorable with rates of response which are higher than those previously reported for chemoradiation without administration of a boost. Further evaluation of this radiotherapeutic strategy appears warranted.
Cosmological signatures of decaying dark matter

The decaying dark matter (DDM) scenario is a viable way of ionizing the Universe at high redshifts. We examine the constraints on this scenario due to the diffuse ultraviolet flux and Gunn-Peterson tests. The latter require the decaying particle's lifetime to be less than ∼ 10 23 s. Observations of the diffuse UV flux along with a conservative estimate of its Galactic component require the DDM particle to have mass greater than 28.5 eV. With larger estimates of the Galactic contribution to the UV flux, the limit becomes m>34.5 eV. We also point out a distinctive signature of DDM: a sharp drop in the infrared part of the spectrum
Quasicrystals with arbitrary orientational symmetry

We introduce a ``generalized dual method'' for generating quasicrystal structures with arbitrary orientational symmetry in two and three dimensions.
Effect of rib height on heat transfer in a two pass rectangular channel (AR = 1:4) with a sharp entrance at high rotation numbers

Abstract Blockage ratio effects on heat transfer in 1:4 AR channels with developing flow is experimentally determined. The blockage ratios (e/Dh) were 0.078 and 0.156. Reynolds numbers up to 40 K and rotational speeds up to 400 rpm were considered. The rotation number (Ro) and local buoyancy parameter (Box) were extended to 0.65 and 1.5, respectively. The entrance dominates over rotation on the trailing surface first pass. The leading surface is dominated by rotation. Rotation effects are reduced by the ribs and heat transfer is similar for both walls in the second pass. Rotation effects were similar for both blockage ratios. The correlations show that the buoyancy parameter is useful to predict heat transfer in the extended range.
Electron microscopic visualization of fatty acids in tissues

Long-chain fatty acids are amphipathic molecules with important structural and metabolic functions in tissues. Fatty acids are derived from triacylglycerol-rich particles in capillaries (chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins) and from triacylglycerol stored in cells (lipid droplets) by the hydrolytic activity of tissue lipases. The identification and localization of fatty acids in tissues has been considered difficult to obtain by using conventional ultrastructural techniques. However, structural findings from our studies on fatty acid transport in tissue became interpretable due to the use of many overlapping techniques. We present here these ultrastructural techniques developed to study fatty acids in tissues and review data which demonstrate lipase activity and fatty acid production from triacylglycerol in aldehyde-fixed tissue. Accumulations of fatty acid in tissue are present as lamellar structures with periodicity of 40-50 A in sections of resin-embedded tissue and as hydrated myelin figures in freeze fracture replicas of unfixed and fixed tissue. Finally, a new method, using the ionization properties of fatty acids combined with freeze fracture, locates these amphipathic molecules to leaflets of membrane bilayers.
Adenosine triphosphate-dependent calcium-binding vesicles; magnesium, calcium adenosine triphosphatase and sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase: Distributions in dog brain☆

Abstract Mg2+,Ca2+-ATPase, Na+,K+-ATPase, and ATP-dependent Ca2+-binding were studied in dog brain. The significant characteristics of ATP-dependent Ca2+-binding in a brain microsomal fraction include: (a) Maximum Ca2+-binding (which corresponds to that of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the absence of oxalate): 120 nmoles/mg protein. Sr2+ can also be accumulated by an energy-dependent process. (b) Rate: 55 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein/min. (c) The release process follows slowly after maximum binding, but does not reach the original level at pH 7.4. (d) The vesicles which accumulate Ca2+ may be mostly endoplasmic reticulum, because of their distribution at 0.8-0.6-0.4 m after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Other minor portions, however, might arise from the cell membrane fraction. (e) Phospholipids are important constituents of the Ca2+-accumulating system probably in a manner similar to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). (f) It is different from the SR process, however, in that oxalate or phosphate has no effect on Ca2+ uptake. (g) Deoxycholate appears to “damage” the ability to bind calcium. (h) Of the nucleotides tested, only ATP is effective. (i) Apparent optimum pH is 6.2. (j) Azide and ouabain are inactive; salyrgan has a biphasic effect causing an increase at low concentration and an inhibition at high concentrations. The noteworthy characteristics of the Mg2+,Ca2+-ATPase of the brain membrane preparation are (a) optimum Ca2+ concentration is low, 30 μ m at 5 × 10−3 m Mg2+; (b) specific activity is about 18 μmoles Pi/mg protein/hr and is more unstable than Na+,fK+-ATPase; (c) the activity appears to be latent, but is elicited by detergents; (d) it is probably located mainly in a membrane fraction similar to the Na+, K+-ATPase; (e) the Km for ATP is low (4.3 × 10−5 M); (f) the optimum pH is 7.4; (g) of the nucleotides tested, only ATP is significantly hydrolyzed; (h) Sr2+ and Ba2+ can substitute for Ca2+ to some extent; (i) phospholipids appear to be important constituents of this enzyme system; (j) salyrgan almost completely inhibits the activity while azide has no effect. A role of the Mg2+,Ca2+-ATPase in active extrusion of intracellular calcium is suggested. The Ca2+-binding vesicles, possibly representing regions for endoplasmic reticulum, might control free intracellular calcium.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis in experimental Leishmania donovani infection of the golden hamster.

Abstract Extensive kidney involvement is reported in golden hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani . The lesion is characterised grossly by pale and enlarged kidneys, and histologically by thickening of the basal lamina of the glomerulus, distended convuluted tubules containing protein casts, constricted glomerular capillaries and infiltration of the interstitial tissues with mononuclear cells. Quantitative measurement of the glomerular cells labelled in vivo with tritiated thymidine showed a striking increase in the glomerular cell proliferation as the infection progressed. Using direct immunofluorescent technique, granular deposits of IgG, complement C 3 and fibrinogen were detected in the glomeruli of the infected animals. A positive protamine sulphate test, as well as histological evidence, showed that disseminated intravascular coagulation had occurred in the infection. Although the antigens have not been identified, antigen-antibody complexes are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the proliferative glomerulonephritis observed in this study.
High temperature morphology and stability of nanoporous Ag foams

Nanoporous silver foams (75 % porosity) synthesized by dealloying Ag25Al75 using two different electrolytes were heat treated in either argon or vacuum in order to induce changes in the morphology and ligament size. Several techniques including scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction are utilized to study the elevated temperature morphology and oxide formation. The ligament sizes increase with heat treating temperature, except for the sample heat treated in vacuum at 600 °C. Results show no significant silver oxide formation for any of the foams.
Visual Function in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy

We examined a 19-year-old woman with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy one week after she noted blurring of central vision. Her corrected visual acuity was R.E.: 6/7.5 (20/25), and L.E.: 6/12 (20/40). The visual fields showed 10-degree pericentral scotomas. A color vision defect and an abnormal Stiles-Crawford effect were present. Dark adaptation showed a delayed time course, with normal final thresholds. The electro-oculogram was subnormal, suggesting widespread abnormality of the retinal pigment epithelium. Active lesions resolved within three weeks, but fluorescein angiography showed characteristic widespread residual changes. Within three weeks, she had normal visual acuity and a normal electro-oculogram. Other tests of visual function showed recovery with a slower time course. By one year, the visual fields, color matching, Stiles-Crawford effect, and dark adaptation were almost normal. Analysis of the color-matching data and Stiles-Crawford effect indicated that the abnormalities of macular function were caused by an underlying lesion of the pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. This caused a physical distortion of the photoreceptor layer and metabolic disfunction of the photoreceptors.
Innervation of the prothoracic glands in Galleria mellonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract The prothoracic glands in larvae of Galleria mellonella are innervated by branches of 4 pairs of nerves: the lateral segmental nerves of the subesophageal ganglion, the lateral segmental and median nerves of the prothoracic ganglion, and nerves emerging from the prothoracic-mesothoracic interganglionic connectives. The nerve cells in the thoracic ganglia supplying these nerves were mapped using cobalt chloride impregnation. The lateral segmental nerves of the subesophageal ganglion are derived from 3 cells located along the midline of the ganglion. The lateral segmental nerves of the prothoracic ganglion originate from somata in both the prothoracic and subesophageal ganglia. Six nerve cells aligned across the posterior half of the prothoracic ganglion supply both median nerves, and the nerves emerging from the interganglionic connectives derive from somata in both the prothoracic and mesothoracic ganglia. This pattern of innervation provides anatomical evidence to support previous experimental studies indicating that interactions of the first 3 thoracic ganglia modulate gland activity.
Mechanistic Analysis of Natural Selection and a Refinement of Lack's and Williams's Principles.

abstract: Results from several physiologically based manipulations were synthesized to investigate two selective trade‐offs involving offspring number versus offspring quality and costs of reproduction in an annual lizard Uta stansburiana. Lifetime reproductive success of experimentally size‐altered progeny was studied to address the offspring number and offspring quality trade‐off. Causes of natural selection on adult reproductive costs were assessed with three complementary manipulations of clutch size, egg size, and total clutch mass. Selective trade‐offs between offspring size and number arose from two opposing episodes of directional selection. Fecundity selection favored female parents that laid large clutches of small offspring, but fecundity selection was balanced by survival selection that favored large offspring. Thus, the offspring number and quality trade‐off had a strong stabilizing effect on mean egg size across generations. However, strength and direction of selection arising from adult rep...
The effects of quercetin on meiosis initiation in clam and starfish oocytes.

Abstract We have treated Spisula and Asterias oocytes with quercetin to determine the effects of this drug on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Quercetin (100–200 μM) reversibly inhibited GVBD when induced by excess KCI or ionophore A23187. Kinetic studies showed that quercetin blocked an early event in GVBD. Lower concentrations of quercetin (10–20 μM) blocked fertilization. However, quercetin sensitized the oocytes to initiation of GVBD by excess ions which do not normally trigger GVBD. Quercetin (100–200 μM) also blocked 1-methyladenine-induced GVBD in the starfis. In subthreshold concentrations of the hormone or in its absence, lower concentrations (20–40 μM) stimulated GVBD. The results support the hypothesis that querectin exerts its effects on meiosis initiation through its effects on calcium sequestration.
3-D Simulation Of Optical Aberration Of Higher Orders Used In An Optimization Of Lens Construction Parameters

The general mixed optical aberration function produced by a centered lens is calculated using geometrical raytrace of three dimensional rays in conjunction with linear interpolation. This technique has proven to be an efficient tool in lens design applications where the complete aberration function is required to assess the overall dependence of image quality on the lens construction parameters. Our approach does not use the Zernike circular polynomials which limits quality assessment to specific modes. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach by presenting numerical results characterizing the quality of a number of practical lenses. Optimum lens construction parameters are indicated by the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the optical system at the focus and the focal shift, both, calculated from the aberration function. We examine the effects of various types of lens construction parameters and materials on image quality.
Structural elements of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that are responsible for their cholesterol-sensitive membrane interactions

The pore-forming mechanism of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) exhibits an absolute requirement for membrane cholesterol. The structural elements of the CDCs that mediate this interaction are not well understood. Three short hydrophobic loops (L1–L3) and a highly conserved undecapeptide sequence at the tip of domain 4 of the CDC structure are known to anchor the CDC to the membrane. It has been thought that the undecapeptide directly mediates the interaction of the CDCs with a cholesterol-rich cell surface. Herein we show that the L1–L3 loops, not the undecapeptide, are responsible for mediating the specific interaction of the CDCs with cholesterol-rich membranes. The membrane insertion of the undecapeptide was uncoupled from membrane binding by the covalent modification of the undecapeptide cysteine thiol. Modification of the cysteine prevented prepore to pore conversion, but did not affect membrane binding, thus demonstrating that undecapeptide membrane insertion follows that of the L1–L3 loops. These studies provide an example of a structural motif that specifically mediates the interaction of a bacterial toxin with a cholesterol-rich membrane.
Therapeutic Passion in the Countertransference

The place of the analyst's “influence” in psychoanalytic theory and practice is explored. There is a current in the literature in which it is welcomed as an aspect of “corrective experience,” although usually legitimized by being forced into the narrow channel of interpretation and understanding. A taboo on influence persists despite theoretical shifts that would seem to clear the way for greater acceptance of its importance. Among other factors, the aversion to influence is traced to its association with hypnotic “suggestion,” which implies little room for the patient's autonomy. Opening the door to embracing the possibility of influence goes hand in hand with, on one hand, the analyst respecting the patient as a competent free agent and, on the other hand, the analyst combining willingness to take a stand with willingness to reflect critically on his or her participation. In that context, and with those caveats, the analyst takes on the responsibility to combat destructive introjects and to become an in...
Entrance region flow

The results of rigorous numerical solutions of the general equations of motion are presented for isothermal, laminar, Newtonian flow in a tube entrance region for a uniform entrance velocity. Computed velocity profiles, entrance length, and pressure gradients are compared with previous theoretical and experimental results.
Thermal acclimation in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, leads to faster myotomal muscle contractile properties and improved swimming performance

Summary Rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) display an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water temperatures. These fish express both anti-freeze proteins and glycerol in their plasma, liver, muscle and other tissues to avoid freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Maintenance of glycerol levels requires active feeding in very cold water. To understand how these fish can maintain activity at cold temperatures, we explored thermal acclimation by the myotomal muscle of smelt exposed to cold water. We hypothesized that cold-acclimated fish would show enhanced swimming ability due to shifts in muscle contractile properties. We also predicted that shifts in swimming performance would be associated with changes in the expression patterns of muscle proteins such as parvalbumin (PV) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Swimming studies show significantly faster swimming by smelt acclimated to 5°C compared to fish acclimated to 20°C when tested at a common test temperature of 10°C. The cold-acclimated fish also had faster muscle contractile properties, such as a maximum shortening velocity (V max ) almost double that of warm-acclimated fish at the same test temperature. Cold-acclimation is associated with a modest increase in PV levels in the swimming muscle. Fluorescence microscopy using anti-MyHC antibodies suggests that MyHC expression in the myotomal muscle may shift in response to exposure to cold water. The complex set of physiological responses that comprise cold-acclimation in smelt includes modifications in muscle function to permit active locomotion in cold water.
Phase separation of acetonitrile-water mixture in protein purification

Abstract The removal of acetonitrile (ACN) from reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) effluent fractions often presents a problem. High concentrations of ACN place a tough demand on the equipment in terms of solvent resistance. Energy cost is also a concern when ACN is removed by evaporation or freeze-drying. This work shows that a phase separation occurs for ACN-water solutions at -17°C. The top phase contains 88 (volume)% ACN, and the bottom phase is 65% water. Since the bottom phase contains 35% ACN, it is not frozen. Surprisingly, proteins such as human growth hormone and its analogs remain in the bottom phase 99% or more after a phase separation. This appears to be an easy and energy efficient method to remove the majority of ACN after RP-HPLC.
The active management of risk in multiparous pregnancy at term: association between a higher preventive labor induction rate and improved birth outcomes.

Objective To determine whether exposure of multiparous women to a high rate of preventive labor induction was associated with a significantly lower cesarean delivery rate. Study Design Retrospective cohort study involving 123 multiparous women, who were exposed to the frequent use of preventive labor induction, and 304 multiparous women, who received standard management. Rates of cesarean delivery and other adverse birth outcomes were compared in the 2 groups. Logistic regression controlled for confounding covariates. Results The exposed group had a lower cesarean delivery rate (adjusted odds ratio, 0.09; 0.8% vs 9.9%; P = .02) and a higher uncomplicated vaginal delivery rate (odds ratio, 0.53; 78.9% vs 66.4%; P = .01). Exposure was not associated with higher rates of other adverse birth outcomes. Conclusion Exposure of multiparous women to a high rate of preventive labor induction was significantly associated with improved birth outcomes, including a very low cesarean delivery rate. A prospective randomized trial is needed to determine causality.
Investigation of techniques to quantify in vivo lesion volume based on comparison of water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with histology in focal cerebral ischemia of rats.

Abstract Stroke lesion-volume estimates derived from calculated water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps provide a quantitative surrogate end-point for investigating the efficacy of drug treatment or studying the temporal evolution of cerebral ischemia. Methodology is described for estimating ischemic lesion volumes in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) based on absolute and percent-reduction threshold values of the water ADC at 3 h post-MCAO. Volume estimates derived from average ADC (ADC av ) maps were compared with those derived from post-mortem histological sections. Optimum ADC thresholds were established as those that provided the best correlation and one-to-one correspondence between ADC- and histologically derived lesion-volume estimates. At 3 h post-MCAO, an absolute-ADC av threshold of 47 × 10 −5 mm 2 /s (corresponding to a 33% reduction in ADC av based on a contralateral hemisphere comparison) provided the most accurate estimate of percent hemispheric lesion volume (%HLV). Experimental and data analysis issues for improving and validating the usefulness of DWI as a surrogate endpoint for the quantification of ischemic lesion volume are discussed.
The Fifth Column---Whatever Happened to Simple Simulation? A Question and an Answer

An essay on present day simulation that grew out of principles “observe first---simulate second” and thinking of simulation as building an analogy of the problem, watching how the analog works under controlled conditions, and drawing some conclusions.
Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program: Perceptions of Benefits and Effect of Welfare Reform

Abstract The study evaluated the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) in Larimer County, Colorado. Study participants of various ethnicities completed a survey containing qualitative and quantitative components. Of the 64 respondents, 58% thought they would use TEFAP a year or more; 75% found the quantity of food distributed to be helpful or very helpful. Food security status, Food Stamp program participation, and helpfulness of food quantity provided varied significantly with employment status. Families used the program less often than respondents without children. This research generally supports continuation of TEFAP yet raises policy questions regarding the long-term use of TEFAP.
In vitro FRAP reveals the ATP-dependent nuclear mobilization of the exon junction complex protein SRm160

We present a new in vitro system for characterizing the binding and mobility of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)–labeled nuclear proteins by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in digitonin-permeabilized cells. This assay reveals that SRm160, a splicing coactivator and component of the exon junction complex (EJC) involved in RNA export, has an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–dependent mobility. Endogenous SRm160, lacking the EGFP moiety, could also be released from sites at splicing speckled domains by an ATP-dependent mechanism. A second EJC protein, RNPS1, also has an ATP-dependent mobility, but SRm300, a protein that binds to SRm160 and participates with it in RNA splicing, remains immobile after ATP supplementation. This finding suggests that SRm160-containing RNA export, but not splicing, complexes have an ATP-dependent mobility. We propose that RNA export complexes have an ATP-regulated mechanism for release from binding sites at splicing speckled domains. In vitro fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is a powerful tool for identifying cofactors required for nuclear binding and mobility.
HJ-Hadoop: an optimized mapreduce runtime for multi-core systems

We introduces HabaneroJava-Hadoop, an extension to the HadoopMapReduce system that is optimized for multi-core machines. HJ-Hadoop exploits intra-JVM parallelism that increases memory efficiency of each node. Results show a significant improvement in the amount of data each MapReduce job could process and load balance across cores for certain applications.
Beatrice Medicine and the Anthropology of Education: Legacy and Vision for Critical Race/Critical Language Research and Praxis

Over a 50-year professional career, Dr. Beatrice Medicine never failed to assert the importance of Indigenous language rights or to challenge racism in the academy, public schools, and society. She urged educational anthropologists to confront racism in our research with Indigenous peoples. She challenged linguicism and urged the teaching of Native American languages in schools. Bea Medicine's legacy provides a compelling vision for the future of the field of educational anthropology, particularly in the domains of critical race theory and critical language studies. In this article, we consider both the legacy and the vision of Beatrice Medicine as they guide us to new arenas of research and praxis.
Periodic motion of a mass–spring system

The equations of planar motion of a mass attached to two anchored massless springs form a symmetric Hamiltonian system. The system has a single dimensionless parameter L, corresponding to the spacing between the anchors. For L > 1, there is a stable equilibrium at which the springs are in tension and lie on a line, but for L < 1, this equilibrium has both springs in compression and is unstable. However, there are then two stable equilibria at which both springs carry no force. Oscillations are studied in both regimes, but more systematically in the tension case, where techniques of bifurcation theory, numerical approximation and numerical simulation are used to explore the rich variety of periodic solutions.
Commentary: health care payment reform and academic medicine: threat or opportunity?

Abstract Discussion of the flaws of the current fee-for-service health care reimbursement model has become commonplace. Health care costs cannot be reduced without moving away from a system that rewards providers for providing more services regardless of need, effectiveness, or quality. What alternatives are likely under health care reform, and how will they impact the challenged finances of academic medical centers? Bundled payment methodologies, in which all providers rendering services to a patient during an episode of care split a global fee, are gaining popularity. Also under discussion are concepts like the advanced medical home, which would establish primary care practices as a regular source of care for patients, and the accountable care organization, under which providers supply all the health care services needed by a patient population for a defined time period in exchange for a share of the savings resulting from enhanced coordination of care and better patient outcomes or a per-member-per-month payment. The move away from fee-for-service reimbursement will create financial challenges for academic medicine because of the threat to clinical revenue. Yet academic health centers, because they are in many cases integrated health care organizations, may be aptly positioned to benefit from models that emphasize coordinated care. The author also has included a series of recommendations for how academic medicine can prepare for the implementation of new payment models to help ease the transition away from fee-for-service reimbursement.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Apoptosis-inducing Outer Membrane Protein

The periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum induces apoptosis in lymphocytes. We previously identified the autotransporter protein Fap2 in F. nucleatum strain PK1594 that induced apoptosis in lymphocytes when expressed in Escherichia coli. In this study, we identified protein homologs of Fap2 in the transformable F. nucleatum strain ATCC 23726, to determine their role in the induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes. We used a new gene-inactivation vector conferring thiamphenicol resistance (pHS31) to construct a mutant deficient in one of the homologs, aim1. Transcriptional analyses demonstrated disruption of aim1 expression, and phenotypic analyses revealed a 41% decrease in the ability of the mutant to induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells, as compared with the parental strain. These studies demonstrate, in the native host cell background, the contribution of aim1 to F. nucleatum induction of apoptosis and, to the best of our knowledge, represent the first report of a genetically defined and phenotypically characterized mutation in F. nucleatum.
FrameNet: A Knowledge Base for Natural Language Processing

Prof. Charles J. Fillmore had a lifelong interest in lexical semantics, and this culminated in the latter part of his life in a major research project, the FrameNet Project at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California (http://framenet. icsi.berkeley.edu). This paper reports on the background of this ongoing project, its connections to Fillmore’s other research interests, and briefly outlines applications and current directions of growth for FrameNet, including FrameNets in languages other than English.
Virulence, distribution and diversity of Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet in Idaho and Oregon

Rhizoctonia root rot causes serious losses on sugar beet worldwide. In order to help explain why Rhizoctonia root rot management practices have not performed well in some areas of the Intermountain West (IMW), a survey was conducted. In the IMW from 2004 to 2006, 94 Rhizoctonia solani field isolates were collected from sugar beet roots. These field isolates were compared with 19 reference strains and 46 accessions from GenBank for genetic diversity based on sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests on sugar beet and silage corn were conducted and plant damage was assessed using a randomized complete block design with at least four replications. The majority of the isolates had sequence identity with the AG-2-2 IIIB (47%) or AG-4 subgroups (44%). Most of the AG-2-2 isolates (87%) were associated with fields in the western portion of the production area, while 71% of the AG-4 isolates came from the eastern portion of the production area. Isolates from AG-2-2 IIIB were frequently more virulent on sugar beet and sequence of the ITS-5.8s region required cloning because of genetic diversity within isolates. Seven (all AG-2-2 IIIB) of 18 isolates tested could attack both sugar beet and corn, while two of the seven virulent isolates caused less root rot on corn. To reduce Rhizoctonia root rot on sugar beet and corn, crop rotations and the isolates utilized for selecting host resistance could be given further consideration.
AN INITIAL REVIEW OF ORTHOTYLUS IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-ONE NEW SPECIES (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)

Abstract The plant bug genus Orthotylus has undergone extensive insular radiation in the Hawaiian Islands. Based on male paramere structure and dorsal setiferation, at least four major clades appear to be present, each of which has sequentially tracked particular host plant families along the island chain in geological and evolutionary time. In this work, 21 new species of Hawaiian Orthotylus are described, arranged by host plant affiliation. The new species and their host plant associations are as follows: O. pisoniae from Oahu, on Pisonia umbellifera and Pisonia sandwicensis; O. pisonioides, from Hawaii, on Pisonia brunoniana; O. hedyoti from Oahu, on Hedyotis terminalis; O. hedyotiopsis from Oahu, on Hedyotis acuminata; O. hedyoticola from Hawaii, on Hedyotis terminalis; O. psychotriae from Hawaii, on Psychotria hawaiiensis; O. psychotrioides from Hawaii, on Psychotria hawaiiensis; O. psychotricola from Oahu, on Psychotria mariniana; O. coprosmae from Maui, on Coprosma foliosa and Coprosma pubens; O. c...
Public Control of Genetic Research

This decade has seen enormous increases in our understanding of biological processes dependent on genetic mechanisms. Some of the most noteworthy research findings have come from the areas of prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, DNA behavior during differentiation, DNA analysis and recombinant DNA synthesis, and the induction of mutation and cancer by chemical agents.
New Mixed-Substituent Fluorophosphazene High Polymers and Small Molecule Cyclophosphazene Models: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Property Correlations

This work is an investigation of the influence of bulky fluoroalkoxy side groups on the properties of polyphosphazenes. A new series of mixed-substituent high polymeric poly(fluoroalkoxyphosphazenes) containing trifluoroethoxy and branched fluoroalkoxy side groups was synthesized and characterized by NMR and GPC methods. These polymers contained 19–29 mol % of dibranched hexafluoropropoxy groups or 4 mol % of tribranched tert-perfluorobutoxy groups which serve as regio-irregularities to reduce the macromolecular microcrystallinity. The structure–property correlations of the polymers were then analyzed and interpreted by several techniques: specifically by the thermal behavior by DSC and TGA methods, the crystallinity by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the surface hydrophobicity/oleophobicity by contact angle measurements. Ultraviolet cross-linkable elastomers were prepared from the new polymers through the incorporation of 3 mol % of 2-allylphenoxy and photoirradiation. The mechanical properties and the...
Hypoglycemic action of sulfanilamido-cyclopropylthiazole in rabbits, and its reversal by alloxan.

Summary1. 2-Sulfanilamido-5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, like other sulfonamides, has a chemotherapeutic action against certain pathogenic bacteria. It has a low toxicity. There is no evidence of conjugation as. judged by blood examination.2. When given to normal rabbits, the substance uniformly causes hypoglycemia-with or without a slight initial rise of blood sugar. On the other hand, in diabetic rabbits induced by alloxan, it produces a definite rise of blood sugar.
Epidermal Cell Proliferation During Thoracic Development in Larvae of Artemia

ABSTRACT Growth of the thorax in Artemia occurred primarily in the longitudinal direction with little increase in width. The epidermal cells were arranged in longitudinally directed rows throughout most of the ventral thorax. In segment-forming (anterior) regions, the cells changed from longitudinally to transversely directed rows. Epidermal cell density increased throughout the first instar. The greatest increase occurred in the anterior region. After a drop in cell density at ecdysis the density increased again during the second instar. Cells in the anterior region underwent a more rapid increase in density than did cells in the middle or posterior regions. Mitotic figures were observed in all stages of the molt cycle. Most of the mitotic figures were oriented in a longitudinal direction. Mitotic figures oriented in transverse or oblique directions were always located in the anterior region and increased in number during the second instar. The initial events of segmentation in the anterior epidermis included the decrease in epidermal cell density in the intersegmental borders and ventrolateral evagination of the epidermal cells in the first segment. These findings indicate that segment morphogenesis in the thorax involves a spatiotemporal pattern of cell replication in the ventral epidermis.
Transitional Gradation in the Mind: Rethinking Psychological Kindhood

I here critique the application of the traditional, similarity-based account of natural kinds to debates in psychology. A challenge to such accounts of kindhood—familiar from the study of biologica...
Dealing with Rebellious Student Behavior

(2012). Dealing with Rebellious Student Behavior. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 3-55.
Exploration on Prevention and Control of Dust Pollution

At present,the atmospheric particulate remains the key pollutant affecting the air quality in China.Atmospheric particulates originate mainly from industrial fume and dust.Based on the analysis of status and sources of dust pollution in Chinese cities,the author pointed out existing problems of dust pollution in Chinese cities and puts forward prevention measures to prevent and control of dust pollution and improve air quality.
Thyroid dependent maturation of β-adrenergic receptors in the rat lung

β-Adrenergic receptors were identified in membranes of fetal and postnatal rat lung with (−)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol, [3H]DHA. β-Receptor number (Bmax) increased 11-fold from day 18 of gestation to adult levels by day 28 of postnatal life. The increase of β-adrenergic receptors occurring between postnatal days 15 and 28 was dependent on thyroxine (T4) in propylthiouracil treated pups. β-Adrenergic receptors on day 28 were identical in euthyroid (PTU + T4) as compared to normal control pups (489±31 and 491±30 femtomoles·mg−1) however receptors were markedly reduced in 28 day hypothyroid pups (PTU alone), Bmax = 294±21.5, m±S.E. p<0.01. Treatment of the hypothyroid pups with T4 for three days on postnatal day 25 increased β-adrenergic receptors approximately two-fold by day 28. This thyroid hormone dependent increase in lung β-adrenergic receptors occurs between postnatal days 15 and 28 coincident with the known increase in thyroid gland activity in the rat pup.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Protective T-Cell Response Against Pulmonary Coccidioides Infection

The incidence of systemic fungal infections has increased throughout the world, spurring much interest in developing effective vaccines. Coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a potentially life-threatening respiratory mycosis. A vaccine against Coccidioides infection would contribute significantly to the well-being of the approx. 30 million residents in the Southwestern USA as well as the multitude of travelers who annually visit the endemic regions. We have applied a live, attenuated vaccine (∆T) to explore the nature of vaccine immunity in mice after intranasal challenge with a potentially lethal dose of Coccidioides spores. Coccidioides spores are airborne and highly infectious for mammalian hosts and classified as a biosafety level 3 agent. T cells are critical in the development of protective immunity against a variety of microorganisms as well as the development of autoimmune disease and allergic responses. Profiles of cytokines detected in lung homogenates of ∆T-vaccinated mice were indicative of a mixed Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune response. We have developed an intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric (ICS) technique to measure activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ-, IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-17A-producing T cells in the lungs of mice that are challenged with a potentially lethal dose of Coccidioides spores. The numbers of pulmonary Th1 and Th17 cells during the first 2 weeks post-challenge showed a progressive increase in vaccinated mice and corresponded with reduction of fungal burden. In this protocol, we describe the methodology for culture and isolation of the live, attenuated ΔT spores of Coccidioides used to vaccinate mice, preparation of pulmonary cells, and staining protocol for cell surface markers and intracellular cytokines. This is the most reliable and robust procedure to measure frequencies and numbers of each selected T-cell subsets in lungs of vaccinated versus control mice and can be readily applied to evaluate T-cell response against other microbial infections.
General plastic surgical principles.

The general surgeon can use the experience and skills of plastic surgery wisely for the benefit of his patient, but technique cannot supersede principles. Flexible and imaginative surgical care is based on sound principles, hard work, and mental discipline.
An Anisoparametric Doubly Curved Three-Node Shell Element

An effective finite element methodology utilizing anisoparametric kinematic approximations, membrane and shear edge constraints, and the shear relaxation concept is explored in developing a shallowly curved, shear-deformable, 3-node triangular shell element. Reissner-Mindlin plate bending theory and Marguerre’s shallow shell equations for the membrane strains are employed. The resulting element is variationally consistent, possesses six requisite rigid-body modes and 18 degrees of freedom (dof), and is devoid of both membrane and shear locking deficiencies.
Transpersonal Space/Time Through the Arts

As transpersonal researchers and practitioners work to articulate the meaning of transpersonal individually and collectively, I suggest conceptualizing transpersonal space/time as real in a physically felt sense. This embodied knowing is best practiced and expressed through the arts. The premise is situated within a larger field using the term liminal as a parallel meaning construct for transpersonal I present my own work referencing a range of disciplines where scholars and practitioners using the terms liminal, transpersonal and others, artfully express their understanding of extra-ordinary experience. A personal example through creative writing is offered demonstrating the way my body/mind inquiring into images of the Holocaust engages the shadow side of the transpersonal.
Peptides from American alligator plasma are antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii

Our group has developed a new process for isolating and identifying novel cationic antimicrobial peptides from small amounts of biological samples. Previously, we identified several active antimicrobial peptides from 100 μl of plasma from Alligator mississippiensis. These peptides were found to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, we further characterize three of the novel peptides discovered using this process: Apo5, Apo6, and A1P. We examined the activity of these peptides against multi-drug resistant strains and clinical isolates of common human pathogens. We investigated their structural characteristics using circular dichroism and tested for membrane disruption and DNA binding. These peptides were found to have strong in vitro activity against multi-drug resistant and clinically isolated strains of S. aureus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Apo5 and Apo6, peptides derived from alligator apolipoprotein C-1, depolarized the bacterial membrane. A1P, a peptide from the serpin proteinase inhibitor, did not permeabilize membranes. Performing circular dichroism analysis, Apo5 and Apo6 were found to be predominantly helical in SDS and TFE buffer, while A1P has significantly different structures in phosphate buffer, SDS, and TFE. None of these peptides were found to be hemolytic to sheep red blood cells or significantly cytotoxic up to 100 μg/ml after 24 h exposure. Overall, we suggest that Apo5 and Apo6 have a different mode of action than A1P, and that all three peptides make promising candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria, such as A. baumannii.
Class and Home Problems—IDENTIFY-SOLVE-BROADCAST YOUR OWN TRANSPORT PHENOMENON: Student-Created YouTube Videos to Foster Active Learning in Mass and Heat Transfer

Despite the instinctive perception of Mass and Heat Transfer principles in daily life, productive learning in this course continues to be one of the greatest challenges for undergraduate students in Chemical Engineering. In an effort to enhance student learning in classroom, we initiated an innovative active learning method titled “Identify-Solve-Broadcast Your Own Transport Phenomenon”. Key elements of project-based learning were adapted to create this three-stage method (identify-solvebroadcast) that integrates modern digital technology to cohesively link students’ natural learning instincts to their scientific knowledge of Mass and Heat Transfer. Our qualitative analyses show that this method serves to equip the students with competitive global skills like independent thinking, collaboration and efficient project management. Quantitative assessments further indicate that incorporation of the digital dimension resulted in a remarkable reinforcement of core concepts in Mass and Heat Transfer, as demonstrated by the statistically significant improvement in student performances. Overall, this project represents an effective type of class and home problem that motivates student-centric learning while enhancing self-motivation, creative thinking and critical analysis among students.
Communication Education and International Audiences: Reflections on Instructional Challenges and Pedagogical Strategy

As the movement toward international education continues, institutions must be proficient when reaching and teaching international students. Instructors should engage unique learning styles, address individual student needs, and take part in additional training to effectively teach international student learners. These instructional imperatives are especially important in communication related classes, like public speaking or composition. Throughout this reflection we briefly address the current landscape of the globalized western classroom and discuss current pedagogical challenges in communication courses from the perspective of communication instructors.