cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oviposition of Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, the hide beetle, as affected by biological and environmental conditions

Experiments were conducted to document the oviposition behaviors and preferences of the female hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, in order to optimize the collection of eggs and neonate larvae for biological assays. Factors evaluated were the type of oviposition substrate, preference for and type of preconditioned diet, sex ratio and light/dark conditions. We determined that synthetic fur was a suitable medium for oviposition and collecting progeny. Fur type and position were not important factors in oviposition preference (average progeny production ranged from 27.9 ± 6.4 to 42.4 ± 6.4); however, the use of paper as a cover and no cover treatments were statistically different from the fur treatments and resulted in average progeny productions of 5.2 ± 1.1 and 3.4 ± 0.7, respectively. Diet preconditioned by the colony was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) factor for oviposition preference, compared with unconditioned diet, and inhibited oviposition. The type of preconditioning was also an important factor (P = 0.004); we examined four treatments: no conditioning, conditioning by larvae, conditioning by adult males and conditioning by adult females. The mean progeny production for the control (no conditioning) was 52.9 ± 13.6, which was not significantly different from the larval conditioning treatment (48.1 ± 5.9). Both adult conditioned treatments were statistically different for progeny production, adult male (22.3 ± 2.9) and adult female (8.2 ± 2.5). In regard to sex ratio affecting progeny production, oviposition was greatest with only one male. Mixed results were obtained in light verses dark conditions and further experiments regarding the effects of day length on oviposition would be useful for optimizing oviposition of D. maculatus.
Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector

Cavitation and turbulence inside a diesel injector play a critical role in primary spray breakup and development processes. The study of cavitation in realistic injectors is challenging, both theoretically and experimentally, since the associated two-phase flow field is turbulent and highly complex, characterized by large pressure gradients and small orifice geometries. We report herein a computational investigation of the internal nozzle flow and cavitation characteristics in a diesel injector. A mixture based model in FLUENT V6.2 software is employed for simulations. In addition, a new criterion for cavitation inception based on the total stress is implemented, and its effectiveness in predicting cavitation is evaluated. Results indicate that under realistic diesel engine conditions, cavitation patterns inside the orifice are influenced by the new cavitation criterion. Simulations are validated using the available two-phase nozzle flow data and the rate of injection measurements at various injection pressures (800-1600 bar) from the present study. The computational model is then used to characterize the effects of important injector parameters on the internal nozzle flow and cavitation behavior, as well as on flow properties at the nozzle exit. The parameters include injection pressure, needle lift position, and fuel type. The propensity of cavitation for different on-fleetmore » diesel fuels is compared with that for n-dodecane, a diesel fuel surrogate. Results indicate that the cavitation characteristics of n-dodecane are significantly different from those of the other three fuels investigated. The effect of needle movement on cavitation is investigated by performing simulations at different needle lift positions. Cavitation patterns are seen to shift dramatically as the needle lift position is changed during an injection event. The region of significant cavitation shifts from top of the orifice to bottom of the orifice as the needle position is changed from fully open (0.275 mm) to nearly closed (0.1 mm), and this behavior can be attributed to the effect of needle position on flow patterns upstream of the orifice. The results demonstrate the capability of the cavitation model to predict cavitating nozzle flows in realistic diesel injectors and provide boundary conditions, in terms of vapor fraction, velocity, and turbulence parameters at the nozzle exit, which can be coupled with the primary breakup simulation.« less
Cisplatin and radiation therapy induces an immunologic clearance of HPV-positive head and neck cancer

HPV is currently the most identifiable cause of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Intriguingly, although these tumors present at an advanced stage multiple studies have shown that they are more curable compared to HPV- HNSCC. To better understand why these more advanced tumors are curable, we have examined the response to treatment of HPV-positive cancer with radiation and cisplatin. We have created a syngeneic mouse model of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC by transforming mouse primary tonsil epithelial cells with either HPV oncogenes or a non-antigenic RNAi strategy that affects similar oncogenic pathways. Using these transformed cells we examined the effect of radiation on HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors in immune competent and immune incompetent mice. In addition to the mouse cells we also examined responses in human cancer cell lines. The results from our in vitro clonogenic survival assays demonstrate that HPV-positive cells are more resistant to radiation and cisplatin therapy compared to their HPV-negative counterparts. This result was consistent for human cancer cell lines, HPV transformed primary tonsil keratinocytes and HPV transformed mouse primary tonsil keratinocytes. Surprisingly the reverse sensitivity was observed in HPV-positive tumors after radiation and cisplatin therapy in vivo. HPV tumors were much more sensitive in vivo and at 20 gray of radiation HPV-positive tumors were eradicated compared to the HPV-negative counterpart that showed persistent growth. In the same manner, cisplatin therapy in vivo was able to result in a cure of HPV-positive tumor but not HPV-negative tumors. To understand whether an immune response could explain this enhanced eradication, we repeated the same studies in syngeneic mice lacking an ability to mount a cytolytic t-cell response. In these immune incompetent mice neither radiation nor cisplatin resulted in a cure. Adoptive transfer of wild-type immune cells into the immune incompetent mice restored immune clearance during cisplatin treatment. Our results prove that HPV-positive tumors are not more curable based on an increased epithelial sensitivity to cisplatin or radiation therapy, but rather that these therapies induce a tumor clearing immune response to this antigenic cancer. The implications from these results may lead to novel therapies that enhance tumor eradication for HPV-positive cancers.
Wood–polymer composites made with acrylic monomers, isocyanate, and maleic anhydride †

Wood could provide better service in some applications if it were harder and more dimensionally stable. In this study, wood-polymer composites (WPC) made with different chemical combinations were evaluated for dimensional stability, ability to exclude water vapor and liquid water, and hardness. Pine, maple, and oak solid wood were combined with different combinations of hexanediol diacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and maleic anhydride. Treatment slowed the rates of water vapor and liquid water absorption. Although the resultant dimen- sional stability was not permanent, the rate of swelling of WPC specimens was less than that of unmodified wood specimens. In addition, WPC were harder than unmod- ified wood. The chemical combination of hexanediol diacrylate, hydroxyethyl methac- rylate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate greatly decreased wetting and penetration of water into the wood. This chemical combination also gave the hardest and most dimensionally stable WPC. In general, WPC prepared using hydroxyethyl methacrylate were harder than specimens made without hydroxyethyl methacrylate and excluded water and moisture more effectively. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2493-2505, 1999
Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Mowing

This paper discusses obstacle avoidance for autonomous mowing for application in highway vegetation control. In recent work, a unique autonomous mower testbed was developed to prove the efficacy of such an approach. The testbed has been augmented with laser range finding to support obstacle detection. This paper presents experimental results for reactive obstacle avoidance using the pure-pursuit geometric control algorithm. The results show that the laser-based obstacle detection and avoidance is effective for the mowing application.
The synthesis and function of the Escherichia coli hemolysin and related RTX exotoxins

The RTX group of exotoxins represents a branch of a family of exoproteins produced by Gram-negative bacteria which share the properties of being secreted by a leader-independent pathway and a tandemly-repeated nine-amino-acid sequence that is responsible for calcium binding. The Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) is the prototype for the RTX exotoxin family which includes the leukotoxins of Pasteurella haemolytica and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and hemolysins from four Gram-negative genera. A review of the genetics, synthesis, export and target cell reactivity of the E. coli hemolysin is given. An evolutionary tree of the RTX toxin family based on amino acid sequence similarity is presented.
Rejection of Out-of-Field Optical Sources

Requirements sometimes exist for the measurement and/or detection of weak optical sources in the vicinity of bright sources. Capability of observing weak optical sources is dependent on the system sensitivity which is limited by the detector D*, processing electronics noise, mechanically coupled scan or jitter noise, thermal effects on the detector sensitivity, optical emissions of sensor housing and imaging optics, and the point spread function. The point spread function is mainly governed by the optical element size, shape, and aberrations. When a strong source is in the proximity of the weak signal, the wings or roll offs of the point spread function play an important role in the system detection capability. Two factors dominate the roll offs, namely diffraction and scattering of the optical train. This paper discussed the point spread function requirements or conversely, the out-of-field rejection requirements needed to suppress the unwanted sources, small or large in angular extent, to a level tolerable to the system. Stray light sources are discussed and suppression designs considered.
Pumping and emission characteristics of a 4 kW, submillimeter CH3 F laser

Abstract The saturated absorption of CO 2 radiation by CH 3 F gas has been determined as a function of CH 3 F pressure, p , and the observed dependence is interpreted in terms of the gas collision frequency v c . The 496 μm power output and efficiency of a 4 kW, pulsed, mirrorless CH 3 F laser are also measured as a function of p and the efficiency for 496 μm emission is found to be relatively constant up to 3 torr, falling off at higher p as a result of increasing v c .
Catabolism of pentachlorophenol by a Flavobacterium sp.

The pathway employed for pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation by an aerobic, chlorophenol-utilizing Flavobacterium sp. was initiated by conversion of PCP to tetrachloro- p -hydroquinone (TCH). 18 O labelling experiments demonstrated that the first dechlorination, where a hydroxyl replaced the chlorine at PCP ring position number 4, involved a hydrolytic reaction. Then two reductive dechlorinations of TCH followed to yield firstly trichlorohydroquinone (TrCH) and then 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone (DCH). Thus, the initial steps in catabolism of PCP by the Flavobacterium were: PCP → TCH → TrCH.
Quantitative studies on motoneurons: hypoglossal neurons in the boa constrictor, Constrictor constrictor.

This study gives a quantitative description of hypoglossal neurons in the common boa, Constrictor constrictor. In this animal the hypoglossal nuclei are spatially distinct from the ventral horns and do not contain subnuclei. They contain a mean ± S.D. of 942 ± 162 neurons, many of which have double nucleoli. The neurons are shaped like prolate ellipsoids which are oriented with their long axes perpendicular to the ventricle. An average hypoglossal neuron has a major axis of 21.8 μ and a minor axis of 19.6 μ. Although neurons show a considerable range of sizes, neurons of different sizes are not segregated into different regions of the nucleus. Developmental differences in the size, distribution in the medulla, and the percentage of doubly nucleolated neurons occur, but the shape and orientation of hypoglossal neurons do not vary with age.
Female Coaches—Why the Declining Numbers and Percentages?

(1988). Female Coaches—Why the Declining Numbers and Percentages? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 59-63.
Review of Shakespeare's Othello (directed by Nikos Charalambous for the Cyprus Theatre Organization) at Latsia Municipal Theatre, Nicosia, Cyprus, 27 November 2010

In 2010, Othello was translated into Greek and directed by Nikos Charalambous for the Cyprus Theatre Organization (Thoc) to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the proclamation of Cyprus as an in...
Economic-Regulation and Highway Safety in the Trucking Industry – A Limited Dependent Variable Analysis

Abstract The above results lead to the conclusion that economic regulation of the trucking industry does not significantly effect highway safety. Although some of the individual economic variables are not statistically significant, they are consistent in sign throughout all four equations. This is not inconsistent with the concept that economic factors are significant determinants of highway safety. The tests presented in this paper instead evaluated the differential effect of economic factors on trucking safety versus non-truck safety. Also, in all four tests the signs of the key parameter (for regulatory change) are in the direction that indicates a positive relationship between reduced regulation and highway safety. These results are not necessarily inconsistent with other studies which show that imminent bankruptcy is a detriment to highway safety. Our results imply that if this is the case, it is not prevalent enough throughout the entire trucking industry to cause a significant change to total trucking safety or total highway safety. As the theoretical discussion implies, regulatory change could either improve or hinder highway safety depending on the relative magnitude of its effects on market price and carriage restrictions. An appeal to empirical evidence suggests that these factors netted out, and regulatory change did not have a statistically significant effect on highway safety. These tests provide valuable insight into the relationship between regulation and highway safety. Most tests until now only analyzed the profit-safety relationship, and therefore did not take into account other factors that are important to highway safety. As a final point, this analysis has theoretically motivated and empirically tested hypotheses concerning the net effect of economic regulation on highway safety. Unfortunately, data limitations prevented us from testing more detailed hypotheses on the underlying processes which link the two phenomena. Fruitful areas for future research would analyze the effects of specific aspects of regulatory legislation, such as operating restrictions and price controls, on per mile accident rates.
Signatures of the valley Kondo effect in Si/SiGe quantum dots

We report measurements consistent with the valley Kondo effect in Si/SiGe quantum dots, evidenced by peaks in the conductance versus source-drain voltage that show strong temperature dependence. The Kondo peaks show unusual behavior in a magnetic field that we interpret as arising from the valley degree of freedom. The interplay of valley and Zeeman splittings is suggested by the presence of side peaks, revealing a zero-field valley splitting between 0.28 to 0.34 meV. A zero-bias conductance peak for nonzero magnetic field, a phenomenon consistent with valley nonconservation in tunneling, is observed in two samples.
On ordering free groups

The positive cones of the left orders on a free group can be described by their finite subsets. An algorithm is given for recognizing when a finite subset of a free group lies in a positive cone. This is used to show how one can construct a sequence of finite subsets of a positive cone whose union is the positive cone. Moreover, the method gives an overview of the positive cones of a free group. It is still an open problem whether there are positive cones which can be generated as a subsemigroup by a finite subset.
Gender composition of the litter affects behavior of male mice

Swiss—Webster mice were reared in litters composed of six males, six females, or five females and one male. Maternal and pup behaviors were observed prior to weaning and recorded by checklist using the instantaneous scan method. Some preweaning social behaviors occurred earlier among pups in the mixed litters than in litters of one sex. No differences in maternal behavior were observed. The males were tested for aggressiveness at 60–65 days of age by caging them in groups of four, two each from all-male and single-male litters, for a period of 6 days. Aggressiveness ranks were assigned within each cage on the basis of body scars and behavioral observation. It was found that males reared as the single male in the litter engaged in more intermale aggression than those from all-male litters. Aggressiveness was also highly related to weight loss during the group housing period, the most aggressive animals losing the least weight. The preweaning environment affects later intermale aggression in mice, perhaps by way of intralitter social interactions, olfactory cues, or hormonal levels.
Decreased creep for increased space power

Abstract The Air Force Office of Scientific Research reaffirmed in its 1982 Conference on Prime Power for High-Energy Space Systems “that materials would be a critical requirement for progress toward high power in space.” Correspondingly high spacecraft weights, particularly for greater waste-heat rejection, force operating temperatures upward and emphasize the necessity of decreased creep for increased space power. In fact alloys capable of nearly ultimate metal performance will soon be essential. In this spirit the following paper examines recent developments in the understanding and description of mechanisms contributing to or detracting from creep. A discussion of various creep categories and related processes ensues. Then methods of counteracting creep receive some attention. And a specific approach to decreased creep in high-temperature, low-vapor-pressure space ultralloys terminates the presentation with predictions of improved ductility, increased recrystallization resistance and simplified processing.
Recurrent Aortopulmonary Fistula

ortopulmonary fistula is a catastrophe which is reported infrequently in the literature. Survival is rare [l, 11-13, 151. We are A unaware of any case of recurrent aortopulmonary fistula with survival. The successful management of an infected aortic vascular prosthetic replacement with antibiotics alone is also a rare event [5, 8, 91. In the case reported here, the patient had an aortopulmonary fistula complicating an otherwise successful Dacron graft replacement of a coarctation of the aorta. A mycotic aneurysm developed at the graft site and was resected and replaced with an additional synthetic graft. Subacute bacterial endarteritis again ensued and was successfully treated by massive antibiotic therapy alone. The patient was asymptomatic for 4 years when another aortopulmonary fistula developed at the synthetic graft-junction site. This area was successfully resected, and the patient is alive and well to date.
n-Alkanes Gel n-Alkanes (and Many Other Organic Liquids)

Thermoreversible gelation of relatively short n-alkanes and a variety of other organic liquids has been accomplished using low concentrations of long n-alkanes (chain lengths from 24 to 36 carbon atoms) as gelators. The stability of the gels is discussed in terms of gelator concentration, gelation temperature, and the duration of time gels persist without bulk phase separation. Generally, stability increases with the chain length of the gelator. n-Alkanes are structurally the simplest organic gelators possible and their gels with n-alkanes as liquids are the simplest organogels that can be made. Their existence demonstrates that London dispersion forces alone can provide colloidal networks whose strength is sufficient to immobilize liquids against the pull of gravity.
Treatment of Hydrocarbon Pneumonitis: High Frequency Jet Ventilation as an Alternative to Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

A child presented with hydrocarbon ingestion leading to pneumonitis and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Treatment with conventional ventilation in this child led to very high pressures and pulmonary air leaks. Treatment with high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) resulted in less barotrauma, resolution of air leak, and clinical improvement. Thus, HFJV is an acceptable alternative to both conventional ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of hydrocarbon pneumonitis leading to ARDS.
Habitats Occupied By Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Desert Grassland–Scrublands of Northwestern New Mexico

Abstract We studied habitat relationships of elk (Cervus elaphus) at scales of landscape, home range, and site on and adjacent to Chaco Culture National Historical Park, San Juan and McKinley counties, New Mexico. Across scales, use of habitats was driven by needs for cover. Pinyon–juniper and rocky habitats were used most often. Accrual of body fat was related most strongly to lactation and precipitation but also was influenced by several habitats, most strongly by semi-desert shrub-steppe. Habitats positively related to accrual of body fat were used less than available at scales of landscape and home range. Conversely, habitats preferentially included and used in home ranges were related negatively to accrual of body fat, further highlighting the importance of cover. At the level of site, feeding sites had greater cover by shrubs (≥23% versus 25% versus <11%) than did bedding sites, whereas bedding sites had higher overstory cover (≥46% versus ≤4%). Bedding sites most frequently ...
Strategies in the evaluation of an on-line computer-assisted unit for intake assessment of mental health patients

Many applications of on-line computer technology have been blindly accepted as superior to traditional noncomputerized procedures. Strategies utilized in the design of an integrated comparative series of evaluation studies of a prototype computer-assisted psychiatric assessment system are discussed, and preliminary results of several of these evaluation studies are presented.
Employment opportunities for older adults: Engineering design and research issues

A challenge facing the engineering community is to find ways to integrate older people into the labor force. Despite laws regarding age discrimination and compulsory retirement, older people's participation in the labor force is declining. Unless strategies are developed to keep older people in the workforce, the issues of economic dependency and intergenerational equity are likely to become formidable in the near future. There are a number of areas where engineering applications can enhance older adults' employment opportunities. These include training, workplace and equipment design, and job design. An overview of current knowledge regarding aging and work is provided. Gaps in the knowledge base are identified as areas for research. Examples of how engineering can contribute to the integration of older people into work settings are presented.
Shouts in the dark: Community arts organizations for students in rural schools with urban problems

Dans cet article, l'auteur analyse les difficultes auxquelles doivent faire face les eleves des ecoles en milieu rural, dans un contexte social et economique defavorise et identifie les defis de l'education artistique dans ces contextes et notamment son integration reussie au programme d'etudes de base a travers l'action d'associations qui aident a construire un ideal communautaire et citoyen chez ces jeunes en milieu rural.
Honey bees of the Arnot Forest: a population of feral colonies persisting with Varroa destructor in the northeastern United States

Feral colonies of European honey bees living in the Arnot Forest, a 1651-ha research preserve in New York State, were studied over a three-year period, 2002 to 2005. This population of colonies was previously censused in 1978. A census in 2002 revealed as many colonies as before, even though Varroa destructor was introduced to North America in the intervening years. Most colonies located in fall 2002 were still alive in fall 2005. The Arnot Forest colonies proved to be infested with V. destructor, but their mite populations did not surge to high levels in late summer. To see if Arnot Forest bees can suppress the reproduction rate of mites, colonies of Arnot Forest bees and New World Carniolan bees were inoculated with mites from an apiary and the growth patterns of their mite populations were compared. No difference was found between the two colony types. Evidently, the stable bee-mite relationship in the Arnot Forest reflects adaptations for parasite (mite) avirulence, not host (bee) resistance.
Integration of international medical graduates in u.s. Psychiatry: the role of acculturation and social support.

The authors investigated whether social support and acculturation could predict the mental health of international medical graduates pursuing psychiatric residencies in the United States. A 55-item online survey was assembled by combining three validated instruments for mental health, social support, and acculturation. A link to the survey was e-mailed to training directors of all psychiatric residency and fellowship programs. Directors were requested to forward the survey to their international medical graduate residents for completion between December 2008 and February 2009. One hundred eight international medical graduates from 70 different psychiatric residencies and fellowships completed the entire survey. Respondents’ mental health scores were normally distributed. The vast majority scored very high on survey items related to mental health. Acculturation, social support, and postgraduate training year were significant predictors of mental health. Residency training programs should attempt to incorporate measures that would help boost the social support and acculturation of international medical graduates (especially junior-level trainees). Acculturation could be improved by language training and courses in American history, culture, and customs, and social support could be expanded by mentoring relationships.
Heteronuclear diatomic transition-metal cluster ions in the gas phase: Reactivity and thermochemistry of AgFe+

The gas-phase chemistry of AgFe+ was studied by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. AgFe+ is unreactive with alkanes but reacts with cyclic and linear (C4–C8) alkenes. The primary reactions are dominated by dehydrogenation and condensation. In addition, cluster splitting is observed in the reaction of AgFe+ with benzene. Secondary reactions generally involve cluster splitting with the loss of Ag, although AgFeC5H 6 + is observed to dehydrogenate cyclopentene to yield AgFeC10H 12 + . Ion-molecule reactions, collision-induced dissociation, and photodissociation experiments were used to determine the bond energiesD°(Fe+−Ag)=53±7 kcal/mol andD°(Ag+−Fe)=46±7 kcal/mol. These values in turn were used to calculateΔH f (AgFe+)=296±7 kcal/mol andIP(AgFe)=6.5±0.3 eV. Related chemical and physical properties of CuFe+ are presented for comparison.
Dietary Energy Value of Medium‐chain Triglycerides

As a fat source in our diet, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) result in lower fat deposition when compared by 2 methods to long-chain triglycerides. Using data from 10 animal studies, the calculated energy loss during utilization of MCTs was 16%, resulting in a net energy value (NEV) of 6.97 kcal/ g. The NEV calculated from the molecular composition of 9 MCTs with widely varying caprylic:capric fatty acid ratios was 6.72 ± 0.16 kcal/g. For 5 MCTs with completely defined fatty acid compositions, the NEV was 6.80 ± 0.15 kcal/g. Establishing the NEV for dietary MCTs at 6.8 kcal/g is proposed.
An asbestos job exposure matrix to characterize fiber type, length, and relative exposure intensity.

The relationship between asbestos exposure and disease has been well documented, although questions persist as to variation in risk by the type and length of fiber. For a series of jobs with potential asbestos exposure, the primary fiber type (e.g., amosite, anthophylite, chrysotile, crocidolite, or tremolite) and fiber length were identified and the relative exposure intensity was estimated. The resulting job exposure matrix may be useful in epidemiological studies where asbestos is an exposure of interest.
Preferential expression of neo-CRP epitopes on the surface of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Abstract Antibodies specific for C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported to react with certain human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL); however, the nature of the antigen has not been clearly defined. In the present study we identified the CRP antigenicity on PBL as a CRP neoepitope not seen on the native-CRP molecule. Neo-CRP epitopes are expressed when the native pentameric form of CRP is dissociated into free subunits. Commercial anti-CRP antisera were found to possess a significant proportion of specificities (up to 16% of the total reactivity) directed against neo-CRP antigenicity. Since similar reagents had been used in previous studies on the reactivity of anti-CRP antisera with PBL, we set out to determine if either native- or neo-CRP epitopes were preferentially expressed on PBL. We prepared antisera monospecific for native-CRP and neo-CRP, respectively, and characterized these reactivities in both direct and indirect enzyme immunoassays. When analyzed by flow cytometry, anti-neo-CRP but not antinative-CRP antiserum was found to react with normal PBL. F(ab′) 2 fragments of affinity-purified anti-neo-CRP had identical activity, and the reactivity against CRP was absorbed by reagents expressing neo-CRP but not native-CRP epitopes. Flow cytometric analyses of monocyte-depleted PBL from 25 normal donors detected a mean of 23.8 ± 5.8% anti-neo-CRP-positive cells, a higher proportion of PBL expressing the CRP antigen than previously reported. Our findings indicate that a molecule identical to, or cross-reactive with, a neo-antigenic form of CRP is present on the surface of a significant proportion of normal human PBL.
Pesticide-induced mortality of natural enemies of the onion maggot,Delia antiqua [Dip.: Anthomyiidae]

Pesticide-induced differential mortality betweenDelia antiqua(MEIGEN)and several other organisms associated with its natural control [D. platura(MEIGEN),Coenosia tigrina (F.),Entomophtora muscae (COHN), andAphaereta pallipes (SAY)] were evaluated under simulated field conditions. Direct and residual differential mortalities were described for 3 herbicides (Chloro-IPC, nitrofen, and CDAA), 3 fungicides (maneb, chlorothalonil, and copper sulfate), and 1 insecticide (malathion). The recommended field application rates of these chemicals produced high positive differential mortality levels betweenD. antiqua and some of the natural mortality agents. Chloro-IPC, a preplant and midseason herbicide, induced 100% mortality ofA. pallipes over the 3-day residual test period. Modifications in behavioral orientation and death patterns ofD. antiqua adults infected withE. muscae were also noted in malathion-treated flies such that subsequent conidial dispersal was highly restricted.
Soviet influences on Latvian attitudes toward information technology

As the countries of Eastern Europe and the Baltic region move from centrally planned economies to market-oriented systems, their information system structures are undergoing radical transformations. Under the Soviet economic and management model the free flow, or sharing of information, existed only when it served the purpose to shape society and even then it was subject to distortions and fabrication. Individual initiatives, risk-taking, and the embracing of technology change were not encouraged. Those individuals who grew up and worked under this type of model have a frame of reference that influences their participation in the emerging economies and information technologies of the region. This paper examines the developing information technologies and transformations in one former Soviet controlled country, Latvia. It considers how the Soviet economic and management model has influenced information system development in Latvia. Such influences need to be understood by Western firms entering into joint ventures, not only in Latvia, but also in other former Soviet-controlled countries.
The nonadditive hard-sphere mixture as a reference system in equation-of-state calculations

Abstract A new reference system is presented for equation-of-state calculations for highly asymmetric mixtures: a mixture of hard spheres with nonadditive diameters. This system allows the introduction of an adjustable binary parameter in the reference term of the EOS while preserving the Boublik-Mansoori mixed-hard-sphere form which is advantageous for mixtures whose components differ greatly in size. The new reference term is tested against a one-fluid reference term of the Carnahan-Starling form; in each case the EOS uses one adjustable parameter in the reference term and one in the perturbation term. For binary systems, the new method offers little improvement over the one-fluid theory. However, when binary parameters are used to predict multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibria, the new method may have some advantages.
Polarization-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy of Biomolecules in Frozen Solution

Large dynamic nuclear polarization signal enhancements (up to a factor of 100) were obtained in the solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of arginine and the protein T4 lysozyme in frozen glycerol-water solutions with the use of dynamic nuclear polarization. Polarization was transferred from the unpaired electrons of nitroxide free radicals to nuclear spins through microwave irradiation near the electron paramagnetic resonance frequency. This approach may be a generally applicable signal enhancement scheme for the high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of biomolecules.
Characterization of germanium stripe x-ray lasers

One method of improving the transverse spatial coherence of x-ray lasers (XRLs) is by adaptive spatial filtering of XRL apertures using geometric shaping in the form of bowtie or wedge XRLs. However, we must maintain the desired geometric shapes in exploding foil or slab configurations during the lasing period. As a first step toward understanding lasing in such geometries, we study the behavior of simple stripe XRLs. Past experience with stripe XRLs deposited on thick plastic substrates resulted in significantly weaker laser intensities as compared to line-focused slab XRLs. Possible reasons for this intensity reduction of stripe XRLs could include mixing at the laser boundary, and changes in plasma, kinetics, and hydrodynamic properties that affect laser gains and propagation. We present experimental and theoretical characterizations of germanium line-focused slab and stripe XRLs. Key experimental parameters we are studying include images of emission profiles of the laser blowoff, angular divergences, XRL output intensities, and ionization balances as we vary XRL designs. We compare the experimental results with 2-D laser deposition and hydrodynamics simulations using LASNEX, and study the changes in ionization balances and level populations from postprocessing LASNEX results.
Neo-liberal biopolitics and the invention of chronic homelessness

This article explores the emergence of neo-liberal housing policy and programmes in the United States, focusing in particular on the rise of social service initiatives targeting what is known as ‘chronic homelessness’. These initiatives are notable for the ways in which they privilege long-vilified populations for immediate placement into housing with no social or medical services required. While this represents a significant break from social service protocols that previously demanded compliance with service requirements, the article argues that understanding chronic homelessness initiatives as economic rather than social programmes reveals the ways in which they enable the reproduction of the same neo-liberal conditions that produce housing insecurity and deprivation. The article concludes by reframing housing issues in terms of racial subordination, which suggests that, in the neo-liberal context, social abandonment and economic investment may persist side by side.
Graphical technique for identifying a monotonic variance stabilizing transformation for absolute gene intensity signals

Background The usefulness of log2 transformation for cDNA microarray data has led to its widespread application to Affymetrix data. For Affymetrix data, where absolute intensities are indicative of number of transcripts, there is a systematic relationship between variance and magnitude of measurements. Application of the log2 transformation expands the scale of genes with low intensities while compressing the scale of genes with higher intensities thus reversing the mean by variance relationship. The usefulness of these transformations needs to be examined.
AC Electrofishing Injury of Large Brown Trout in Low-Conductivity Streams

Abstract Fifty-seven large brown trout Salmo trutta (mean total length, 407 mm; range, 264–647 mm) were collected by backpack AC electrofishing from seven low-conductivity (12–60 μS/cm) Tennessee streams and examined by X ray and necropsy for injuries. No fish died during sampling or before processing in the field. Overall, 34 fish (60%) had hemorrhagic injuries and 20 of these (35%) had class−1 or −2 spinal compressions or subluxations. Eighteen of the spinal injuries (90%) were accompanied by hemorrhage of adjacent musculature. Injury rates were lower for fish shorter than 305 mm (N = 5, 1 injured) and longer than 500 mm (N = 6, 1 injured) when compared with fish 305–500 mm (N = 46, 32 injured). Temporary skin discolorations (sometimes referred to as “brands”) were observed on 24 fish (42%), 19 of which were injured. These discolorations were between the dorsal and caudal fins (where spinal injuries typically occurred) and were significantly related to the incidence and severity of hemorrhage (P = 0.004...
Equations of state of FeO and CaO

New shock-wave (Hugoniot) and release-adiabatic data for Fe_(0.94)O and CaO, to 230 and 175 GPa (2.3 and 1.75 Mbar) respectively, show that both oxides transform from their initial B1 (NaCl-type) structures at about 70 (±10) GPa. CaO transforms to the B2 (CsCl-type) structure and FeO is inferred to do the same. Alternatively, FeO may undergo an electronic transition, but it probably does not disproportionate under shock to Fe and Fe_2O_3 or Fe_3O_4. The Hugoniot data for the B1 phases of FeO and CaO agree with the ultrasonically-determined bulk moduli (K_0= 185, 112 GPa, respectively) and with the ultrasonically-determined pressure derivative for CaO (K′_0= 4.8); K′_0∼ 3.2 for FeO is determined from the present data. The Hugoniot data for both FeO and CaO are consistent with low- and high-pressure phases having identical K_0 and K′_0. Volume changes for B1/B2 transitions in oxides agree with theoretical expectations and with trends among the halides: -ΔV/V_1 ~ 4 per cent and 11 per cent for FeO and CaO respectively. Also, the transition pressures increase with decreasing cation/anion radius ratio for the oxides. The Hugoniot data show that the density of the outer core is equal to that of a 50–50 mix (by weight) of Fe and FeO (∼10 wt per cent oxygen), consistent with geochemical arguments for the presence of oxygen in the core. In terms of a mixture of simple oxides, the density of the lower mantle is satisfied by Fe/(Mg + Fe) ∼ 0.12, however, arbitrarily large amounts of CaO can be present; an enrichment of refractory components in the lower mantle is allowed by the shock-wave data. Because of the relatively low transition pressure in FeO, a B1/B2 transition in (Mg, Fe)O is likely to occur in the lower mantle even if MgO transforms at 150–170 GPa. Such a transition may contribute to the scattering of seismic waves and change in velocity gradient found near the base of the mantle.
A multiscale finite element method for the dynamic analysis of surface‐dominated nanomaterials

The purpose of this article is to present a multiscale finite element method that captures nanoscale surface stress effects on the dynamic mechanical behavior of nanomaterials. The method is based upon arguments from crystal elasticity, i.e. the Cauchy–Born rule, but significantly extends the capability of the standard Cauchy–Born rule by accounting for critical nanoscale surface stress effects, which are well known to have a significant effect on the mechanics of crystalline nanostructures. We present the governing equations of motion including surface stress effects, and demonstrate that the methodology is general and thus enables simulations of both metallic and semiconducting nanostructures. The numerical examples on elastic wave propagation and dynamic tensile and compressive loading show the ability of the proposed approach to capture surface stress effects on the dynamic behavior of both metallic and semiconducting nanowires, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in studying the deformation of nanostructures at strain rates and time scales that are inaccessible to classical molecular dynamics simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerase chain reaction-aided genomic sequencing of an X chromosome-linked CpG island: methylation patterns suggest clonal inheritance, CpG site autonomy, and an explanation of activity state stability.

Abstract The 5' region of the gene encoding human X chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a promoter-containing CpG island known to be methylated at 119 of 121 CpG dinucleotides in a 450-base-pair region on the inactive human X chromosome in the hamster-human cell line X8-6T2. Here we report the use of polymerase chain reaction-aided genomic sequencing to determine the complete methylation pattern of this region in clones derived from X8-6T2 cells after treatment with the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. We find (i) a clone showing full expression of human phosphoglycerate kinase is fully unmethylated in this region; (ii) clones not expressing human phosphoglycerate kinase remain methylated at approximately 50% of CpG sites, with a pattern of interspersed methylated (M) and unmethylated (U) sites different for each clone; (iii) singles, defined as M-U-M or U-M-U, are common; and (iv) a few CpG sites are partially methylated. The data are interpreted according to a model of multiple, autonomous CpG sites, and estimates are made for two key parameters, maintenance efficiency (Em approximately 99.9% per site per generation) and de novo methylation efficiency (Ed approximately 5%). These parameter values and the hypothesis that several independent sites must be unmethylated for transcription can explain the stable maintenance of X chromosome inactivation. We also consider how the active region is kept free of methylation and suggest that transcription inhibits methylation by decreasing Em so that methylation cannot be maintained. Thus, multiple CpG sites, independent with respect to a dynamic methylation system, can stabilize two alternative states of methylation and transcription.
D3-D7 background and flavor dependence of Regge trajectories

In the context of AdS/CFT with flavor, we consider the type IIB supergravity solution corresponding to a fully localized D3/D7 intersection. We complete the standard metric ansatz by providing an analytic expression for the warp factor, under the assumption of a logarithmically running axion-dilaton. From the gauge dual perspective, this behavior is related to the positive beta function of the N=4, d=4 SU(N{sub c}) super Yang-Mills gauge theory, coupled to N{sub f} fundamental N=2 hypermultiplets. We comment on the existence of tadpoles and relate them to the same gauge theory beta function. Next we consider a classical spinning string configuration in the decoupling limit of the D3/D7 geometry and extract the flavor (N{sub f}) dependence of the associated meson Regge trajectory. Including the backreaction of the D7-branes in the supergravity dual allows for going beyond the quenched approximation on the dual gauge theory side.
Walk This Way: A Select Annotated Bibliography of Periodicals Emphasizing Sustainability, Environmental Responsibility, and Walkable Communities

A select bibliography of publications focused on sustainability, walkability, and the overall philosophy of “being green” within the urban environment is presented. The publications include a mix of scholarly, trade, and popular titles. The same categories of information are present for each entry. This bibliography is the second in a series dedicated to examining the broad subject matter of urban studies within a more focused lens. The first bibliography, examining housing policy, was published in The Serials Librarian, 65(2).
The use of MIL-STD-188-141A in HF data networks

HF data communication has become more reliable and user friendly with the advent of first-generation HF automatic link establishment (ALE) equipment. The newly released MIL-STD-188-141A established a more robust, flexible, and interoperable ALE protocol, and resulted in a second generation of ALE equipment. With the addition of a supervisory network controller to the ALE equipment, advanced networking capabilities can be fully automated. The authors examine a typical HF network node; communication responsibilities are allocated between the MIL-STD-188-141A ALE equipment and a supervisory network controller. MIL-STD-188-141A can furnish the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) physical and data link layers for more sophisticated networking communication nodes. The real-world implementation of the two lowest OSI layers is found in ALE systems such as the RF-7200 Autolink II. The higher OSI layer can be implemented in a network controller, such as a personal computer. >
Knowledge Transfer: Short-Circuiting the Learning Cycle?

Knowledge is considered to be a key organizational resource in the 21st century and the knowledge management movement has alerted organizations to the fact that they should more strategically exploit their knowledge assets. Companies are thus lured by the suggestion that they can gain competitive advantage by the more astute management of their knowledge base and in particular, by the transfer of knowledge across individuals, groups and organizational units, using IT to accomplish this. In this paper, we reflect on this common view of knowledge transfer. More specifically, we question an implication of this view - essentially the possibility of short-circuiting the learning cycle, so that individuals do not have to rely on their personal or shared experiences to identify better practices, but can learn from the codified lessons of others through IT systems. More importantly, we consider the characteristics of knowledge — that knowledge is distributed, ambiguous and disruptive — that makes its transfer highly problematic. We conclude by considering ways of overcoming these barriers by emphasizing the importance of social systems alongside technical systems.