cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double-resonance stimulated Raman scattering in micrometer-sized droplets

Programmed size ramping of an aerosol stream permits a Q-switched mode-locked 532-nm laser to satisfy periodically the input resonance condition of various low-order (l = 2 to l = 4) TE and TM morphology-dependent resonances in 23.0–23.7-μm-diameter ethanol droplets. The resulting size-versus-amplitude spectra of stimulated Raman scattered light revealed high-Q modes that are not normally observed in elastic scattering. Simultaneous elastic scattering measurements permit unambiguous identification of these input resonances. The relative output intensities of stimulated Raman scattering and time histories imply that the Q of the l = 2 modes is degraded to a value of 107 by the departure of the droplet from an ideal homogeneous sphere.
Adaptation in gitelman syndrome: "we just want to pump you up"

Most nephrologists will be confronted with cases of Gitelman syndrome (GS) during their careers. Although GS, hypokalemic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria, qualifies as a rare disease (<200,000 affected individuals in the United States), its US prevalence is estimated between 7000 and
Kin Effects on Black-White Account and Home Ownership

This article combines the literature on kin networks and racial disparities in asset ownership. Specifically, we examine the effects of kin characteristics—sibling poverty and parental poverty, education, and occupation—on financial account ownership and home ownership. We find that kin matter for these outcomes. Having a poor sibling and coming from a poor family are negatively associated with account and home ownership while mother’s education has a positive effect. Separate analyses by race suggest that kin characteristics matter for both Blacks and Whites for account ownership, but for home ownership they are significant for Whites only. Racial differences in kin characteristics account for over half of the racial gap in account ownership, but are not important for understanding the racial gap in home ownership. The significant effects of extended family characteristics on socioeconomic well-being make a case for the inclusion of kin variables in the growing literature on wealth disparities among Blacks and Whites.
40Ar/39Ar ages and 40Ar* concentrations of fine-grained sediment fractions from North Atlantic Heinrich layers

Abstract New K/Ar ages based on 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar-based K/Ar age of 970±4 from Orphan Knoll in the southern Labrador Sea, within the range found in eastern North Atlantic Heinrich layers. Thus, the K/Ar data are robust in their indication of a dominant Labrador Sea ice-rafted source to even the finest sediment fraction in the eastern North Atlantic during the massive detrital carbonate-bearing Heinrich events of the last glacial cycle (H1, H2, H4, H5). Close correspondence of the radiogenic argon concentration ( 40 Ar*) from the de-carbonated A 40 Ar/ 39 Ar-based K/Ar age of 433±5 million years for H11 in V28-82 is within the range of published data from background sediments in the eastern North Atlantic, and is consistent with published results across this interval in the Driezack seamounts. In contrast, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar-based K/Ar age of H11 in the western Atlantic core EW9303-JPC37 is 614±5 million years. A brick red sample from approximately the interval of H3 of core EW9303-GGC40 yielded a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar-based K/Ar age of 567±1 million years, comparable to the published range of 523–543 Ma from the 2–16-μm fractions from that interval on the Dreizack seamounts. Both JPC37 and GGC40 are located in the path of the North Atlantic Drift. The older ages from western samples of H3 and H11 may result from dilution of a Hudson Strait source or an elevated age from southeastern Laurentide sources.
Tests of Mediation: Paradoxical Decline in Statistical Power as a Function of Mediator Collinearity

Increasing the correlation between the independent variable and the mediator (a coefficient) increases the effect size (ab) for mediation analysis; however, increasing a by definition increases collinearity in mediation models. As a result, the standard error of product tests increase. The variance inflation due to increases in a at some point outweighs the increase of the effect size (ab) and results in a loss of statistical power. This phenomenon also occurs with nonparametric bootstrapping approaches because the variance of the bootstrap distribution of ab approximates the variance expected from normal theory. Both variances increase dramatically when a exceeds the b coefficient, thus explaining the power decline with increases in a. Implications for statistical analysis and applied researchers are discussed.
Database systems for efficient access to tertiary memory

Tertiary storage devices have long been in use for storing massive amounts of data in file-oriented mass storage systems. However, their use in database systems is relatively new. Database systems associate more structure to the data than just raw sequence of bytes. Hence, if they are allowed control of the tertiary memory devices, they can greatly reduce access cost by performing informed caching, query optimization, and query scheduling. However, most conventional database systems are designed for data stored on magnetic disks. Accesses to tertiary storage devices are slow and nonuniform compared to secondary storage devices. Therefore, inclusion of tertiary memory as an active part of the storage hierarchy requires a rethinking of conventional query processing techniques. In this project, our aim is to design a database system that can use its knowledge of the data layout on storage devices to increase the speed of running queries.
Visions and revisions: Toraja culture and the tourist gaze

Ethnic tourism, a consummate form of “collection,” presupposes processes of ob-jectification that extend to “culture” itself. Such processes are not simply imposed by the demands of the international tourism industry; actors include indigenous peoples who are both “tourist objects” and reflective critics, whose cultural visions (and revisions) are shaped in part by a distinctive “tourist gaze” and in part by a dialogue with the state. These processes are explored in the Toraja highlands of Sulawesi, Indonesia, where indigenous media (houses, effigies, and ceremonies) are being recomposed, using a range of new media, as obyek turis. [tourism, representation, public culture, art, ritual, Indonesia]
Introduction to Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes

Minerals are intrinsically resistant to the processes that homogenize silicate liquids—their compositions thus yield an archive of volcanic and magmatic processes that are invisible at the whole rock scale. Minerals and their inclusions record diverse magma compositions, the depths and temperatures of magma storage, the nature of open system processes, and the rates at which magmas ascend. The potential for understanding volcanic systems through minerals and their inclusions has long been recognized (Sorby 1858). Sorby’s (1863) study of James Hall’s reversal experiments helped resolve the “basalt controversy” in favor of a volcanic origin, while Zirkel’s (1863) discovery of quartz within a volcanic rock helped tip the balance in favor of a magmatic origin for granite (Young 2003). Studies of phenocrysts have also long illustrated the importance of wall rock assimilation and magma mixing (e.g., Fenner 1926; Finch and Anderson 1930; Larson et al. 1938), and the potential for geothermometry (Barth 1934). Darwin’s (1844) mineralogical field-studies in the Galapagos archipelago, followed by King’s (1878) studies at Hawaii, also inaugurated the establishment of fractional crystallization as an important evolutionary process (Becker 1897; Bowen 1915). Recent advances in micro-analytical techniques open a new realm of detail, building upon a long history of mineralogical research; this volume summarizes some of this progress. Our summary focuses on volcanologic and magmatic processes, but the methods reviewed here extend well beyond terrestrial applications. Samples from the Stardust return mission, for example, show that olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene pervade the solar system (Brownlee et al. 2006)—while the topics covered here surely apply to all terrestrial-like planetary bodies, relevance may extend to a cosmic scale. Our more modest hope is that this volume will aid the study of disparate fields of terrestrial igneous systems, and perhaps provide a catalyst for new collaborations and integrated studies. …
"An Army of Redressers": The Recent Historiography of British Working Class Women

The characteristic which most clearly distinguishes the recent historical writ ing about British working class women from that of the earlier post-World War II period, is not so much its broader range of concerns as the eclecticism of its ori gins. At least three separate if overlapping disciplines, social history, women's history and the study of the family have helped to shape its particular form and content.
THE TIBIAL PEG SHELF IN CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP

A tibial-bone-peg shelf was constructed in fourteen cases of congenitally dislocated or inadequate hips and in five cases of pathological dislocations resulting from pyogenic coxitis. The material is too limited and the time since operation in most cases too short to judge well the end results. This shelf has certain advantages and disadvantages over the shelf turned down from the ilium. It creates a more firmly anchored and a heavier shelf than that made from the ilium. Wright extension or pin or wire fixation of the femur to the cast is not necessary. The periods of immobilization and confinement to bed have been materially shortened and upward displacement of the shelf has not come about. The range of motion has not been all that could be desired, but, on the average, it has been about as great as that obtained after the iliac-shelf operation. It is a more formidable operation than that of creating an iliac shelf and necessitates two incisions. However, if one operating team removes the grafts while another exposes the hip, reduces the dislocation, and prepares the field, the time is reduced to approximately that required for constructing an iliac shelf, and the procedure does not produce any appreciable amount of shock.
Active surveillance monitoring: the role of novel biomarkers and imaging

"CANCER" is a disease state that leads to progressive illness that is uniformly fatal without treatment. Hippocrates invoked the Greek word karkinos, or "crab," to describe tumors he observed. For centuries, "CANCER" remained a disease that was recognized primarily in its locally advanced or metastatic stage, when it was almost uniformly fatal.
Untersuchungen über die Thermostabilität der aus Hühnerfibroblasten isolierten Ribonucleinsäuren

Aus intakten Huhnerfibroblasten konnen die cytoplasmatischen Ribonucleinsauren durch Behandlung mit Phenol und Natriumlaurylsulfat bei 2° extrahiert werden. Werden die Nucleinsauren auf 40° oder daruber hinaus erwarmt und rasch abgekuhlt, so andert sich die Struktur der 28S-Ribosomen-RNS derart, das sie bereits bei etwa 26S sedmentiert, wahrend die Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeiten der 18S-RNS und der 4S-RNS unverandert bleiben. Daruber hinaus scheint die 28S-RNS gegenuber Spaltung zu kleineren Molekulen besonders empfindlich zu sein; ein wenn auch geringerer Abbau findet selbst in Anwesenheit von Diathyl-pyrocarbonat statt. Eine kleine Menge einer Ribonucleinsaure, die bei etwa 41S sedimentiert, wurde ebenfalls durch Phenol-Extraktion bei 2° freigesetzt. Diese RNS, die hochstwahrscheinlich mit der im Nucleolus befindlichen Stamm-RNS, aus der die 18S-und 28S-RNS hervorgehen, identisch ist, neigt ebenfalls stark zu Fragmentierung durch Erhitzen auf 40° und daruber hinaus.
Idiopathic oligospermia and peripheral androgen metabolism.

3 α ,17 β -Androstanediol glucuronide (3 α -diol G), a marker of peripheral androgen action, known to be decreased in states of androgen insensitivity, was measured along with testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in both serum and seminal plasma of men with idiopathic oligospermia (IO). Seminal plasma T and DHT values were decreased in IO, compared with control values. The values of seminal plasma DHT correlated with the sperm count ( r = 0.42, P α -diol G was unaltered in IO as compared with controls. Levels of3 α -diol G in seminal plasma were also similar. Seminal plasma 3 α -diol G, averaging 161 ng/dl (95% confidence limits, 33 to 320 ng/dl), represented a three-to fourfold decrease from leaves in serum. This, in comparison with the 20-fold difference betweet seminal plasma and serum T, implies a different metabolic and/or secretory pattern for 3 α -diol G. we conclude that 3 α -diol G is not a useful marker of IO and suggest that, given the limitations of our measurements, androgen resistance may not be a common finding in this disorder.
Immunological assessment of renal cancer patients as evaluated by the lymphocyte adherence inhibition test.

AbstractThe lymphocyte adherence inhibition test was used to evaluate tumor immunity toward 2 types of soluble renal cancer antigens extracted from 3 different renal cancer specimens. These extractions were accomplished with either 3 molar potassium chloride or 2.5 per cent butanol, and were tested in 23 patients with renal cancer, 8 with benign renal disease and 9 with bladder cancer. In 62 tests of lymphocyte adherence inhibition reactivities toward 3 molar potassium chloride in renal cancer patients the mean value of lymphocyte adherence inhibition reactivity (32.7 ± 15.4 per cent) was significantly greater compared to that observed in 20 examinations in patients with benign renal disease (17.6 ± 9.4 per cent, p less than 0.001) and 24 tests in bladder cancer patients (15.4 ± 4.4 per cent, p less than 0.001). With a lymphocyte adherence inhibition index of greater than 20 per cent as a positive response, there were 50 true positive findings (81 per cent) in the renal cancer group, while the combined be...
Suppression of chronic myelogenous leukemia colony growth by interleukin-4

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine with pleiotropic activities. In normal bone marrow cultures grown in the presence of either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4 suppresses granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) proliferation but it enhances the colony-stimulatory effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We studied the effect of IL-4 on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) bone marrow or peripheral blood cells from 30 patients using the CFU-granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte-megakaryocyte colony culture assay. In several repetitive experiments, IL-4 inhibited CFU-GM colony replication by 24 to 65% in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 micrograms/ml when patients' cells were cultured in the presence of erythropoietin alone or with phytohemagglutinin-conditioned medium, GM-CSF, or IL-3. The addition of 100 U/ml of IL-1 beta to the CML cultures partially reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-4. Incubation of CML low-density peripheral blood cells with IL-4 resulted in down-regulation of IL-1 beta and IL-6 production in three of four samples, suggesting that the suppressive effect of IL-4 is mediated by inhibition of IL-1 and by other mechanisms including inhibition of IL-6 production. In contrast to the stimulatory effect exerted by IL-4 on G-CSF-dependent CFU-GM progenitor proliferation in normal marrow, the addition of IL-4 to CML cultures grown in the presence of G-CSF resulted in a divergent effect: suppression of CML CFU-GM in two, stimulation in three, and no significant effect in two CML patients' samples. It is therefore possible that IL-4 may have an in vivo antiproliferative effect in a subpopulation of CML patients.
Altered junctional permeability between cells transformed by v-ras, v-mos, or v-src.

Junctional permeability in normal and transformed NRK cells was quantitatively assessed by microinjecting fluorescent dye into one cell of a pair, digitizing the changes of fluorescence intensity u...
BAM: The Basic Access Model for Content Mining Agreements

The Basic Access Model (BAM) provides a reasonable and practical framework of business terms for libraries and vendors to agree on how to facilitate user access to digital content for content mining purposes, as well as a principled and agreed upon industry foundation for future cooperation. BAM has already opened up significant content for mining access. The sooner we can open up our collections—both as libraries and as vendors—to the new and emerging tools and methods of content mining researchers, the more relevant we and our collections will be.
Effects of Potassium Sorbate on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus 1.

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in the presence of potassium sorbate at 12°C were studied. Potassium sorbate at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% delayed or prevented spore germination and initiation of growth, and slowed growth of these organisms in yeast-extract sucrose broth at 12°C. Increasing concentrations of sorbate caused more variation in the amount of total mycelial growth and generally resulted in a decrease in total mycelial mass. Potassium sorbate also greatly reduced or prevented production of aflatoxin B1 by A. parasiticus and A. flavus for up to 70 d at 12°C. At 0.10 and 0.15% of sorbate, aflatoxin production was essentially eliminated. A 0.05% sorbate, aflatoxin production was greatly decreased in A. flavus over the control, but only slightly decreased in A. parasiticus .
Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazoloquinolinones with Linkers To Enable Targeting of CD38

Several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme overexpressed on malignant plasma cells, have previously been discovered. Herein, we expand structure–activity relationships of reported small-molecule thiazoloquinolinones and show that several 4-cyclohexylamino analogues have potent binding affinity for CD38 using surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, active amine analogues could be acylated and functionalized with alkyne and fluorescein groups. Fluorescein analogue 21 bound selectively to CD38 overexpressing cells, demonstrating the potential utility of thiazoloquinolinones as small-molecule conjugates for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents.
Female mate preference in an invasive phytopathogen vector: how learning may influence mate choice and fecundity in Diaphorina citri

In some arthropods, females learn in the context of reproduction to refine their mate choices and avoid males displaying traits associated with impotency. Previous studies have shown that males of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citriKuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), associate female odor with copulatory rewards. However, it is unclear whether females similarly learn about male traits. We compared mate choice in females previously mated to either blue or orange males and found that females may associate male color with reproductive success, and avoided blue males after previous experience. Orange males mated more frequently than blue males and appeared to be more sexually aggressive in their mating attempts. In addition, females mated to orange males laid approximately twice as many eggs as those mated to blue males. We dissected male psyllids and measured the size of their reproductive organs to determine whether abdominal color was associated with reproductive development. Our morphometric analysis indicated that blue males may not be physiologically immature compared with orange males. Rather, blue males displayed larger testes and seminal vesicles than orange males, suggesting that differences in reproductive output may be behavioral in nature. Based on our data, we suggest that females learn about the appearance and mating behaviors of blue and orange males from early mating experiences, and subsequently avoid blue males in future matings. Although the roles of blue males within a population are unclear, it is possible that blue morphs may specialize in other functions such as dispersal.
Bibliotecas de ontem e o futuro das ciências humanas | Trad. Luiz Costa Lima

"A Stanford University encontra-se propriamente em um impasse quanto a ampliacao de sua area construida. A extensa area de que dispoe possibilitaria sua expansao academicamente orientada, alem da superficie hoje visivel como campus, entre a baia de Sao Francisco e o Pacifico; no entanto, um acordo com a direcao administrativa do Condado de Santa Clara diminui a cada ano a dimensao do volume de construcao tolerado; isso lanca a universidade em uma tomada de decisao dificil e, muitas vezes, calorosamente discutida. Cada nova construcao, pronta para ser ocupada, implica decisoes contra outros projetos que, do lado financeiro, sao viaveis, embora, academicamente, sejam tao relevantes quanto discutiveis. Neste interim, tal situacao trouxe a ordem do dia a questao fundamental de quao importante e a presenca material de livros no campus – e isso significa para a maioria dos cientistas sociais em Stanford que o problema comeca agora a por em risco a substância intelectual da instituicao. [...]"
Families of Graph Algorithms: SSSP Case Study

Single-Source Shortest Paths (SSSP) is a well-studied graph problem. Examples of SSSP algorithms include the original Dijkstra’s algorithm and the parallel \(\varDelta \)-stepping and KLA-SSSP algorithms. In this paper, we use a novel Abstract Graph Machine (AGM) model to show that all these algorithms share a common logic and differ from one another by the order in which they perform work. We use the AGM model to thoroughly analyze the family of algorithms that arises from the common logic. We start with the basic algorithm without any ordering (Chaotic), and then we derive the existing and new algorithms by methodically exploring semantic and spatial ordering of work. Our experimental results show that new derived algorithms show better performance than the existing distributed memory parallel algorithms, especially at higher scales.
To Confront or to Avoid: How Do People Respond to Violations of Moral Norms?

What do people want to do in response to witnessing someone violate a moral norm? Prior research posits that violations of distinct norms elicit specific emotions, specifically anger and disgust. W...
Single enzyme direct biomineralization of ZnS, ZnxCd1−xS and ZnxCd1−xS–ZnS quantum confined nanocrystals

Biomineralization is an intriguing route towards the low temperature, aqueous phase, green synthesis of inorganic functional nanomaterials. Herein we describe the biomineralization and optical properties of ZnxCd1−xS and ZnxCd1−xS–ZnS quantum confined nanocrystals that have potential application in optoelectronics. The reported biomineralization process is reduced to perhaps its simplest form wherein a single recombinant cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme is responsible for catalyzing mineralization within an otherwise inert solution and plays a role in controlling the alloy composition. The biomineralized nanocrystals are sphalerite structured with average diameter below 3 nm. Biomineralization of a passivating ZnS shell on Zn0.73Cd0.27S core nanocrystals is achieved through subsequent addition of Zn precursor. This shell growth increases the photoluminescence quantum yield to 7% and increases the radiative decay time to 97.6 ns compared with 40.9 ns for the core materials.
Laser Vascular Application: Reconstructive and Reparative

The reconstruction and the repair of vascular structures has been an important goal in neurosurgery for many decades. Advancements have been forthcoming through new instruments, improved suture materials and better visualization. The development of the CO2 laser as a surgical instrument for ablation is well accepted. A microsurgically adapted CO2 laser can provide reconstructive and reparative capabilities. This chapter will highlight the application of an M-CO2 laser system made specifically for these purposes, providing application in the micro-mode, with micron spot-size and with milliwatt power exposure.
Second-Order Absorbing Boundary Conditions for TLM Analysis of Open Region Scattering Problems

A set of second-order absorbing boundary conditions is derived for the three-dimensional finite-difference TLM analysis of open region scattering problems. These boundary conditions are implemented into a computer code using a two-level discretization scheme. A simulation experiment using a 4-term Blackman-Harris pulse excitation with very low sidelobes is used to examine the efficiency of the boundary conditions. It is observed that the absorbing boundaries are perfectly transparent to waves impinging upon them at angles between 0 and 45 degrees, and the normal incidence reflection coefficient is less than -35 dB.
Non coding RNA analysis in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

// Benjamin A. Farber 1, 2 , Gadi Lalazar 1 , Elana P. Simon 1 , William J. Hammond 1, 2 , David Requena 1 , Umesh K. Bhanot 3 , Michael P. La Quaglia 2 and Sanford M. Simon 1 1 Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA 2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065 NY, USA 3 Pathology Core Facility Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065 NY, USA Correspondence to: Sanford M. Simon, email: simon@rockefeller.edu Keywords: pediatric cancer; fusion protein; microRNA; lncRNAs; liver cancer Received: September 11, 2017 Accepted: December 08, 2017 Published: December 15, 2017 ABSTRACT Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare primary liver cancer found in adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. A deletion of ~400 kD has been found in one copy of chromosome 19 in the tumor tissue of all patients tested. This produces a fusion of the genes DNAJB1 and PRKACA which, in turn, produces a chimeric transcript and protein. Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor has shown upregulation of various oncologically relevant pathways, including EGF/ErbB, Aurora Kinase A, pak21 and wnt. To explore other factors that may contribute to oncogenesis, we examined the microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in FLC. The non-coding RNA expression profile in tumor tissue samples is distinctly different from the adjacent normal liver and from other liver tumors. Furthermore, miRZip knock down or over expression of certain miRNAs led to changes in the levels of coding genes that recapitulated changes observed in FLC, suggesting mechanistically that the changes in the cellular levels of miRNA are not merely correlative. Thus, in addition to serving as diagnostic tools for FLC, non-coding RNAs may serve as therapeutic targets.
Phase properties of elastic waves in systems constituted of adsorbed diatomic molecules on the (001) surface of a simple cubic crystal

A Green's function-based numerical method is developed to calculate the phase of scattered elastic waves in a harmonic model of diatomic molecules adsorbed on the (001) surface of a simple cubic crystal. The phase properties of scattered waves depend on the configuration of the molecules. The configurations of adsorbed molecules on the crystal surface such as parallel chain-like arrays coupled via kinks are used to demonstrate not only linear but also non-linear dependency of the phase on the number of kinks along the chains. Non-linear behavior arises for scattered waves with frequencies in the vicinity of a diatomic molecule resonance. In the non-linear regime, the variation in phase with the number of kinks is formulated mathematically as unitary matrix operations leading to an analogy between phase-based elastic unitary operations and quantum gates. The advantage of elastic based unitary operations is that they are easily realizable physically and measurable.
Safety and efficacy of topical cantharidin for the treatment of pediatric molluscum contagiosum: a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot trial

Topical cantharidin is a commonly used treatment for molluscum contagiosum (MC). However, studies validating its safety and efficacy are limited. We conducted a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with subsequent open-label extension to assess the safety and effectiveness of cantharidin in treating pediatric MC. Ninety-four participants with MC were randomized to receive cantharidin or placebo, with or without occlusion. The primary outcome was complete lesion clearance. Secondary outcomes included post-treatment lesion count, adverse events, and side effects. No significant differences between the study arms, including baseline lesion count, were observed. The overall mean (SD) baseline lesion count was 22.2 (12.9). The number of participants achieving total clearance is as follows: 7/23 (30.4%) in the cantharidin only arm, 10/24 (41.7%) in the cantharidin with occlusion arm, 2/25 (8.0%) in the placebo with occlusion arm, and 3/22 (13.6%) in the placebo only arm. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that 17/47 (36.2%) participants in the combined cantharidin arms achieved clearance compared to 5/47 (10.6%) in the placebo arms (P = 0.0065). The mean (SD) lesion count change from baseline was -5.1 (12.2) in the placebo only arm; the mean change (SD) was -17.4 (12.8) in the cantharidin only arm (P = 0.0033) and -15.9 (11.6) in the cantharidin with occlusion arm (P = 0.0101). No serious adverse events or side effects were observed. Topical cantharidin was well-tolerated and associated with the resolution of MC.
The Impact of NSMIA on State Regulation of Broker-Dealers and Investment Advisers

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 changed dramatically the relative roles of state and federal government in regulating both broker-dealers and investment advisers. In providing the new framework for broker-dealer regulation, Congress required states to conform their financial regulation and record keeping requirements to those of federal law and immunized from state registration the salesperson who temporarily follows the travelling client out of state. Congress painted with a broad brush and created many ambiguities. The SEC has done little to clarify the uncertainties that Congress created. In the investment adviser area, Congress replaced the pre-existing dual registration model with one that required registration only at one level. Large investment advisers register with the SEC; smaller advisers register with the states. States, however, retain jurisdiction over investment adviser representatives employed by federally registered advisers. The SEC has issued elaborate rules implementing this division of authority.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media

In this article we use the method of volume averaging to derive the governing equations for heat and mass transport in a rigid porous medium. These equations involve spatial derivations of the temperature and concentration and suitable representations of these deviations are required in order to obtain a closure. In our approach, the closure is based on the governing differential equations for the spatial deviations and it allows for the direct determination of the transport coefficients that appear in the volume-averaged equations. These calculated coefficients are compared with experimental measurements for the following cases: diffusion and reaction in porous media, heat conduction in two-phase systems, dispersion of a non-adsorbing solute and thermal dispersion in a packed bed. For conductive and diffusive transport, excellent agreement between theory and experiment is found using the spatially periodic model of a porous medium. The comparison between theory and experiment for convective processes indicates that the details of the structure of a real porous medium are important and not adequately described by the spatially periodic models used in this study.
Stand-level wildlife habitat features and biodiversity in Southern pine forests: a review.

must have scientifically credible information regarding the response of wildlife to the retention of stand-level habitat structural elements during management activities. The first objective of our review was to gather and synthesize information in the scientific literature on coarse woody debris (CWD) and snags, two widely studied habitat elements that are affected by stand management activities. This information is especially important for managers in the southern United States given the importance of pine (Pinus spp.) plantation management (Haynes 2002, Prestemon and Abt 2002). Second, we identify information gaps specific to pine management and diversity and suggest future research priorities regarding these habitat elements. Although this review is primarily concerned with management of pine forests in the South, it should be noted that we incorporate selected information about wildlife responses to habitat features developed elsewhere, either in terms of geography or ecosystem. We included this information when it provided a more complete image of the state of science regarding each feature and when results of studies in other regions/systems raised questions that needed to be addressed in pine-dominated systems as well. However, although information from other regions/systems is undoubtedly beneficial to our understanding, we caution that its application to southern pine systems may be inappropriate.
Fast Particle Irradiation of Germanium Semiconductors

Irradiation of germanium semiconductors of various initial concentrations of electrons and holes, with 9.5 MeV deuterons, 4.5 MeV electrons and about 5 MeV alpha-particles, is discussed. The results are analysed in terms of the efficiency of carrier removal or carrier addition as a function of the Fermi-level of the starting material and the shift of the Fermi-level during irradiation.
Early Chemical Events and Initial DNA Damage

Early chemical events (between 10−15 and 10−6 seconds) as they relate to the evolution of damage in radiation biology have been described in terms of a theoretical model. DNA is the target of concern in this model, and both indirect and direct effects have been explicitly accounted for in evaluating yields of strand breaks. In the indirect-effect considerations, a quantitative estimation of the time decay of water radical species—beginning with their production at 10−14 seconds and leading to the interactions of hydroxyl radicals with DNA—has been a major focus. A method based on stopping-power theory and the Bragg rule has been described to account for direct effects. However, no attempt is made to follow all the chemical events that take place between the creation of initial (10−6 seconds) damage and the observable strand break yields. The theoretical calculations refer to a simple aqueous system containing DNA molecules and scavenger (Tris). The theoretical results of strand break yields by different heavy charged particles are in good agreement with experimental cellular data under conditions of minimal enzymatic repair.
Pulse wave reflection responses to bench press with and without practical blood flow restriction

Resistance exercise is recommended to increase muscular strength but may also increase pulse wave reflection. The effect of resistance exercise combined with practical blood flow restriction (pBFR)...
Diversity analysis of water sources, uses, and flows from source to use in the USA.

Abstract Diversifying a system can reduce risk from- and increase resilience to perturbation. For this reason, the concept of diversity has been used in many different fields but its use in analyzing engineering infrastructure has been limited. In particular, the diversity of water sources and uses and the diversity of how sources are connected to uses (flow) have never been analyzed. In addition, the relationships between diversity and economic efficiency of water systems remain uncertain. In this study, we addressed these topics by conceptualizing and quantifying water source, use, and flow diversity in the USA. Water source and water use data were collected from the US Geological Survey for 2000, 2005, and 2010. Diversity was calculated with the Shannon Weaver Index. The overall mean water use diversity by state was 0.79 ± 0.31 (N = 150) and increased from 0.63 ± 0.31 in 2000 to 0.89 ± 0.28 by 2010, reflecting overall decreases in high-use categories, like thermonuclear power, and relative increases in already low domestic use. In contrast, source diversity showed no change over time, with an overall state mean of 0.82 ± 0.28 (N = 150) but varying between states largely due to differences in geographic and climatic factors influencing regional water sources. Water flow diversity also showed no change over time, averaging 1.00 ± 0.43 (N = 150), higher than both source and use diversity. The mean water use efficiency for all states over the study period was 52 ± 60 $/m3 of water and was positively and strongly related to both source and use diversity. Thus, the USA water system diversity is sensitive to factors logically expected to influence both source and use, and directly affects water use efficiency.
An undergraduate student-faculty collaborative EBP project supporting a campus-wide tobacco free campus

The purposes of this paper are to describe a student-faculty, collaborative team and the evidence-based practice (EBP) project that supported a campus-wide, tobacco-free environment. Two faculty members served as mentors and undergraduate nursing students were selected to participate in a one credit independent study course outside the threaded curricular experiences. Weekly course meetings were used to assess course goals and EBP project progress. After reviewing literature evidence, a baseline campus survey, and focus group data, the best practice strategies were selected by the student-faculty collaborative team for a 3-year plan. The strategies included an orientation session to the tobacco-free campus during student fall orientations and a marketing campaign with social norm messaging. Pre and post-EBP project surveys to determine the effectiveness of the campaign were used to evaluate the outcomes of the team’s efforts. The undergraduate nursing students were effective in planning and implementing the project, and the students reported benefits and challenges to their involvement. The collaborative team was seen as an immensely positive experience despite the increased demands on time. Findings from this EBP project were similar to other literature on smoking abstinence on a college campus. One way to help undergraduate students better appreciate and gain expertise in the EBP process is to engage them in student-faculty collaborative EBP projects within the curriculum. In addition, an emersion experience offers expanded opportunities and greater expertise in EBP to students who can meet the challenge.
Fight Clubs: Media Coverage of Party (Dis)unity and Citizens’ Selective Exposure to It:

News media play a key role in communicating information about political parties to the American public. However, our understanding of how media depict relations between elites and the broader party...
NB-FCN: Real-Time Accurate Crack Detection in Inspection Videos Using Deep Fully Convolutional Network and Parametric Data Fusion

For the safe operations of nuclear power plants, it is important to inspect the reactor internal components frequently. However, current practice involves human technicians who review the inspection videos and identify cracks on metallic surfaces of underwater components, which is costly, time-consuming, and subjective. Detecting cracks on metallic surfaces from the inspection videos is challenging since the cracks are tiny and surrounded by noisy patterns in the background. While other crack detection approaches require longer processing time, this study proposes a new approach called NB-fully convolutional network (NB-FCN) that detects cracks from inspection videos in real time with high precision. An architecture design principle is introduced for FCN, where the FCN can take image patches for training without pixel-level labels. Based on the naive Bayes (NB) probability, a parametric data fusion scheme called pNB-Fusion is proposed to fuse crack score maps from multiple video frames and outperforms other fusion schemes. The proposed NB-FCN achieves 98.6% detection average precision (AP) and requires only 0.017 s for a $720\times540$ frame and 0.1 s for a $1920\times1080$ frame. Based on its capability and efficiency, the proposed NB-FCN is a significant step toward real-time video processing for autonomous nuclear power plant inspection.
St. Johns River Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers: Florida’s Connection to Cahokia

No area along the far edges of the Mississippian world is as remote from Cahokia as northeastern Florida. But objects of possible Cahokian derivation, though limited in number, made their way to this distant locale The most compelling material evidence in Florida for any kind of connection to Cahokia comes from the Mill Cove Complex and Mt. Royal along the St. Johns River of the northern peninsula. Situated about 100 km from one another, these two fisher-hunter-gatherer communities were recipients of copper and stone artifacts that likely originated in the American Bottom, some 1200 km away. The overall geographical distribution of Cahokian styles and artifacts enmeshed varied internal and external processes and flows that encompassed exploration, migration, diaspora, trade, and politics. While no evidence exists for a Cahokian outpost or diaspora as far south as Florida, the presence of American Bottom artifacts along the St. Johns River could have involved more than the stock answer of simple down-the-line-exchange. This essay explores issues of long-distance travel, direct contact, knowledge seeking, object biographies, and diplomacy among peoples from these geographically disparate locales.
Salt Effects on Li-Ion Exchange Kinetics of Na2Mg2P3O9N: Systematic In Situ Synchrotron Diffraction Studies

The kinetics and thermodynamics of solid-state ion exchange of Li+ into Na2Mg2P3O9N were investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction methods for a series of Li-containing salts, allowi...
Deaths from hematopoietic and other cancers in relation to permanent hair dye use in a large prospective study (United States).

Objectives: To assess in a large prospective study whether women who used permanent hair dye, especially dark dye for many years, experienced increased death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers that have been associated with hair dye use in some previous reports. Methods: In 1982, 547,586 women provided information on use of permanent hair dye and other lifestyle factors when enrolled in an American Cancer Society (ACS) prospective study. We extended mortality follow-up from 7 to 12 years. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling we compared death rates from hematopoietic and other cancers among women according to their hair dye use at baseline with death rates in unexposed women. Results: The adjusted death rate from all cancers combined was marginally lower among women who ever used hair dye than nonusers (relative risk [RR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9–1.0). Mortality from all hematopoietic cancers was marginally higher among users than nonusers (RR = 1.1; CI = 1.0–1.2), and increased with an index that combined duration of use and darker coloration (test of trend p = 0.02). Women who used black or brown dye for 10 or more years experienced somewhat higher death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and (for black dye only) multiple myeloma. The temporal increase in death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma between 1982–88 and 1989–94 was similar for women in our study who never used hair dyes to the increase among all US women. Conclusions: If prolonged use of dark permanent hair dyes contributes to death rates from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, then the increase is small and difficult to detect reliably even in large prospective studies. The use of permanent hair dye is unlikely to be a major contributor to the temporal rise in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the US.
Changing times, changing needs: enhancing the utility of international large-scale assessments

Mounting concerns about the levels and distributions of human capital, as well as how they are associated with outcomes for individuals and societies, have contributed to an increase in the number of national and international surveys. These surveys not only examine skills among school-age and adult populations, they also facilitate evaluation of the relationships among these skills and various background factors. At this juncture, the main ILSAs are making the transition to becoming fully digitally based assessments (DBAs). With the transition rapidly progressing, this is a propitious moment to consider the history of large-scale national and international assessments and to reflect on both what has contributed to their increased salience and growth, and how best to enhance their constructive impact on both policy and policy research in the future. We argue this can be done by utilizing a comprehensive, multidimensional framework that establishes a set of design criteria against which these assessments, present and future can be evaluated. The original framework was proposed more than 30 years ago by Messick (European Journal of Psychology of Education II 2:157–165, 1987) when all large-scale assessments were developed and delivered with paper-based instruments. Messick’s framework provided an organizational structure for how to think about and evaluate the potential utility of all large-scale assessments. After presenting a brief historical perspective on the development and growth of large-scale assessments, we review and extend Messick’s original framework. We then describe how the transition to DBAs can impact each of the framework’s three criteria. We also offer recommendations on how ILSAs’ development and innovations can best be deployed so that they are of greater utility to policy makers and other stakeholders worldwide.
Irreversibility in Anion Exchange Between Cesium Lead Bromide and Iodide Nanocrystals Imaged by Single-Particle Fluorescence

Anion exchange is a powerful method to tune the emission wavelength of perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) nanocrystals across the visible spectrum. CsPbX3 nanocrystals can possess a number of cry...
Buffer-Aided Relaying Network With Free Space Optical (FSO) Inter-Relay Links and Radio Frequency (RF) End-to-End Links

Free space optical (FSO) communication is a fast and reliable technology that can be exploited along the radio frequency (RF) wireless channels to enhance the reliability of the networks without generating interference. Efficient wireless communication protocols can be designed by employing data buffers at the relaying stations. In this work, we propose a novel buffer-aided relaying scheme in which the FSO inter-relay links are employed to improve the selection diversity and the RF links are used to deliver packets from the source to the destination. The theoretical outage probability of the network under the proposed protocol is derived and compared with the well-known maximum link relay selection (MLRS) technique as the benchmark. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed policy outperforms the MLRS technique and the presented theoretical analysis is correct.