cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Equation and the Equations of State

In Chap. 5, we noted that in combination the first and the second laws lead to an important relationship: the difference, dU, in the internal energy of two neighboring equilibrium states is linearly related to the corresponding difference, dS, in their entropy. Of course, also included in this relationship is the heat energy quasi-statically added to the system and the quasi-static work, \(\mathrm{d}{W}_{\mathrm{quasi-static}} = P\mathrm{d}V\), performed by the system when it transitions from a state with extensive variables (U, S, V ) to one with \((U + \mathrm{d}U,S + \mathrm{d}S,V + \mathrm{d}V )\).
DMSO-INTERCALATION OF SYNTHETIC KAOLINITES

Intercalation property was investigated by insertion of dimethyl sulfoxide and its removal for four types of synthesized kaolinite samples. All the synthetic kaolinites with platy morphology formed intercalation compounds with different ratios and rates. The intercalation with the well-crystallized synthetic kaolinite was completed. However, the intercalation ratios and rates were independent of the degree of stacking disorder of the synthetic kaolinites. On the other hand, no intercalation compound was formed with the spherical synthetic kaolinite.
First-principles equation of state calculations of warm dense nitrogen

Using path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) and density functional molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulation methods, we compute a coherent equation of state (EOS) of nitrogen that spans the liquid, warm dense matter (WDM), and plasma regimes. Simulations cover a wide range of density-temperature space, $1.5--13.9\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and ${10}^{3}--{10}^{9}$ K. In the molecular dissociation regime, we extend the pressure-temperature phase diagram beyond previous studies, providing dissociation and Hugoniot curves in good agreement with experiments and previous DFT-MD work. Analysis of pair-correlation functions and the electronic density of states in the WDM regime reveals an evolving plasma structure and ionization process that is driven by temperature and pressure. Our Hugoniot curves display a sharp change in slope in the dissociation regime and feature two compression maxima as the K and L shells are ionized in the WDM regime, which have some significant differences from the predictions of plasma models.
Attempts to produce acute cardiac failure by posterior pituitary extracts.

SummaryAn attempt was made to reduplicate clinical conditions in which a depressed left ventricle with a reduced coronary flow is required to work against high arterial pressures (a) by repeated or continuous infusions of posterior pituitary extracts, and (b) by creating additional arterizl resistance through cutting of afferent moderator nerves or mechanical compression of the aorta. In all of these ways it proved impossible over periods of 3 to 4 hours to induce a state comparable to clinical congestive heart failure. If such failure is secondary to left ventricular strain plus reduction of coronary flow and myocardial depression, the time element must play a dominant role.Additional information regarding the nature of left ventricular depression induced by large doses of posterior pituitary extracts was obtained by an analysis of the aortic pressure pulses. Experimental evidence indicated that serious cardiac consequences are not apt to result from use of posterior pituitary preparations administered t...
Weight diagrams for lie group representations: A computer implementation of Freudenthal's algorithm in ALGOL and FORTRAN

Implementations in FORTRAN and ALGOL of the Dynkin and Freudenthal algorithms for computing weight systems and for determining the multiplicities of the weights for irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras are described. Reasonable computing times are found for algebras of rank less than or equal to 8 and for representations of dimension less than 1000.
Research on Reference System for Shipboard Aircraft Inertial Navigation System Transfer Alignment

From the perspective of conceptual design, the concept of digital space coordinate is introduced to meet the requirement of high precision alignment of shipboard aircraft inertial navigation system(INS). On the basis of digital space coordinate, the effects of shanks-arms and ship flexure deformation on alignment precision are analyzed and hence the corresponding model and solution are provided. The shipboard can directly use navigation data of the digital space coordinate for alignment, regardless of ship performance parameters and the installation position of main navigation system, reducing the difficulty in alignment of shipboard aircraft inertial INS on moving base and improving the efficiency of alignment.
Asynchronous local voltage control in power distribution networks

High penetration of distributed energy resources presents significant challenges and provides emerging opportunities for voltage regulation in power distribution systems. Advanced power-electronics technology makes it possible to control the reactive power output from these resources, in order to maintain a desirable voltage profile. This paper develops a local control framework to account for limits on reactive power resources using the gradient projection optimization method. Requiring only local voltage measurements, the proposed design does not suffer from the stability issues of (de-)centralized approaches caused by communication delays and noises. Our local voltage design is shown to be robust to potential asynchronous control updates among distributed resources in a "plug-and-play" distribution network.
Coplanar Two-Impulse Rendezvous in General Elliptic Orbit with Drag

The numerical solution of the two-impulse terminal rendezvous for the formation flying of two spacecraft with different ballistic coefficients in general elliptic orbit is presented in this chapter. The motion of the passive vehicle is described by the inverse square gravitational field of the primary body and by atmospheric drag. The center of a rotating reference frame is attached to this vehicle, and the motion of the active maneuvering vehicle is described relative to this accelerating frame. This allows for the solution of the exact, arbitrary duration two-impulse rendezvous problem, with both vehicles continuously subject to drag in their respective orbits during the maneuvering period, meaning between the application of the first or initiating impulse, and the final or terminating impulse which achieves the desired rendezvous. Examples of rendezvous which bring the vehicles to close proximity for various transfer durations are presented to support this analysis.
Novel Application of Steroid Eluting Stents in Choanal Atresia Repair: A Case Series.

Purpose:To describe the application of mometasone furoate eluting sinus stent technology in the treatment of choanal atresia (CA) in the hopes of preventing postsurgical stenosis.Methods:We analyze...
SP0120 Predicting the risk of falls and promoting balance in older adults

Falls are the leading cause of injury and death due to injury among the older adult population in the United States. Of those who fall, 24% will sustain serious injuries and 6% will experience fractures. In addition to injury, older adults who fall may experience decreased functional ability, loss of independence, a poorer quality of life, or premature mortality. At a global level, these statistics are similar among developed countries. It is important to first identify the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that contribute to falls and then intervene appropriately once the level of fall risk has been identified. It is important to understand that there is no one size suits all fall risk reduction program and that the type of program will vary as a function of the level of risk. Core components of successful fall risk reduction programs include exercise, environmental modifications, and behavior change techniques aimed at fostering long-term adherence to engaging in fall risk reducing behaviors. The purpose of this presentation will be to describe appropriate methods for identifying fall risk, and intervention strategies that have been shown to significantly reduce fall risk and/or fall incidence rates across the continuum of fall risk. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Illinois 10th Congressional District: Re-rematch in Chicago Suburbs

The 10th Congressional District of Illinois is a suburban district located in the northeast corner of the state that extends across the northern suburbs of Chicago. The 2010 redistricting added more diversity to a district that had been traditionally composed of affluent and well-educated people. More working-class citizens from near the Wisconsin border were added and almost forty percent of the district was different from the previous 10th District and more Democratic. Although reliably Republican in past elections, the district went to the Democratic presidential candidates in the last three presidential races. Democrat Brad Schneider wrested the House seat from Robert Dold in 2012, breaking the Republican’s winning streak in the district. Dold, retook the district from Schneider in 2014 and held it in 2016.
Late Prehistoric Bison Distributions In Oklahoma

Current research in Oklahoma has demonstrated a significant increase in the use of bison by late prehistoric Southern Plains inhabitants. This greater reliance on bison begins during the Plains Woo...
Mycobacteriosis and Nocardiosis in the Immunocompromised Host

The history of tuberculosis abounds with theories of disease causation, of which most fit neatly into one of two conceptual frameworks: (1) theories of contagion in which the illness derives from a transmissible agent or substance and (2) explanations based on the notion of an inherited or acquired predisposition to tuberculosis.
Dynamic constitutive response of novel auxetic Kevlar®/epoxy composites

Abstract A comprehensive experimental investigation was performed to study the dynamic compressive constitutive response of novel auxetic Kevlar®/epoxy laminated composites. Strain rate response was investigated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test setup. Laminated composites were fabricated using the vacuum infusion process. Short Nylon fibers were flocked between the laminates with different flock densities and flock length. For obtaining dynamic force equilibrium in SHPB experiments, a copper pulse shaper was used to increase the rising time of incident pulse. To have a comparison, woven Kevlar®/epoxy composites were also characterized at similar strain rates. In addition, quasi-static tests were also performed on both woven and auxetic laminated composites for completeness of the study. For quasi-static loading conditions, auxetic composites showed higher peak strain and lower peak stress compared to woven composites. For non-flocked composites, both auxetic and woven composites showed rate dependency. Woven composites provided 353% increase in peak stress when the strain rate increased from 1200 s−1 (low) to 3300 s−1 (high). However, in the same conditions, auxetic composites showed only 155% increase in peak stress. For different flocking conditions, woven composites showed rate dependency for all strain rates, but auxetic composites demonstrated rate dependency only from low to medium strain rates. Both auxetic and woven composites experienced shear failure under quasi-static compression, where auxetic composites failed at higher shear angle of 37°, but woven composites had a failure angle of 30°. For impact loads, under no flocking condition, woven composites did undergo severe edge failure at all strain rates, but auxetic composites showed a sign of edge failure only at high strain rates. With the flocking condition, auxetic composites had through thickness shear failure and woven composites experienced splitting and fibrillation of Kevlar® fibers.
Synesthetic Metaphor in Poetry

This chapter discusses synesthetic metaphor in poetry. The Doctrine of the Unity of the Senses provides a good starting point for interpreting synesthetic metaphor. In a nutshell, the doctrine says first, that there are meaningful similarities across different sense modalities, and second, that some of these similarities are appreciated by virtually everyone. Most synesthetic metaphors that are perceived immediately as appropriate derive largely from the same primordial unity of the senses that expresses itself in sensory synesthesia. Such metaphors typically convey intrinsic correspondences through dimensions like brightness or affect that are common to many or all sense modalities. Full synesthetic metaphors in this first category specify relatively unambiguously, if not always with great precision, the sorts of sensory qualities that are said to correspond. Apart from the commonplace, prosaic, dead synesthetic metaphors of everyday speech, poetry probably is the most fruitful source of verbal synesthesia.
STRESS IN DAIRY ANIMALS | Cold Stress: Effects on Nutritional Requirements, Health and Performance

Environmental stresses, which include temperature, humidity and wind speed, can alter both nutrient utilization and animal performance. The effects of heat stress have received the majority of attention in research studies. The impact of cold stress on nutrient metabolism and animal performance in ruminant animals has received minimal research attention, the majority of investigations being conducted with beef cattle. The quantity of data relating to the effects of cold stress on dairy cattle is very limited. A primary reason for this dearth of information is the housing systems utilized in dairy production systems. Typically, dairy cattle are housed in barns that minimize the impact of environmental temperature fluctuations on the animal. Pasture systems are used in dairy production systems in many parts of the world. However, these systems are usually limited to the warmer months of the year. It is rare to find dairy cattle housed outside during the winter months in most dairy areas. The result is that very few dairy cattle are actually exposed to cold stress conditions. Dairy replacement heifers may be housed outside during the winter months and could be exposed to cold stress in some situations. Both the thermoneutral zone, the range of environmental temperatures where normal body temperature is maintained and heat production is at the basal level, and the lower critical temperature, the environmental temperature at which an animal needs to increase metabolic heat production to maintain body temperature, are factors affecting cold stress. These factors will be discussed in relation to nutritional requirements, health and performance.
Ferric Siderophore Transport via Outer Membrane Receptors of Escherichia coli : Structural Advancement and A Tribute to Dr. Dick van der Helm—an ‘Ironman’ of Siderophore Biology

In aerobic environments, iron exists as an insoluble ferric-oxihydroxide polymer with a concentration of soluble iron in a 10−16–10−18 M range. In the human body iron remains complexed with iron binding proteins. Both of these conditions create iron restricted environments for the growth of microorganisms. Iron is an essential element for the growth of a majority of microorganisms since iron acts as a cofactor for several important enzymes, and cytochromes involved in energy generation. Microorganisms employ many different strategies to acquire iron, among them siderophore-mediated iron transport, as the most common one. These types of transport systems are mostly found in Gram-negative bacteria, where they consist of outer membrane proteins, periplasmic binding proteins, inner membrane transport proteins, and energy transducing inner membrane protein complex TonB-ExbB-ExbD. The crystal structures of the outer membrane receptors FepA and FhuA from Escherichia coli were solved in late 1990s, but to date the mechanism of transport and energy transduction is not completely known. Enormous amounts of structural and biochemical data have been published in the past decade. This chapter pays tribute to the contributions of Dr. Dick van der Helm of the University of Oklahoma to the field of siderophore biology and discusses the structural advancement of the components involved in the siderophore mediated transport systems in E. coli.
Stigma and Social Inequality

Since the publication in 1963 of Goffman’s book, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity the use of stigma concepts has grown enormously. For scores of stigmatizing circumstances the stigma concept provides a way to give expression to the social predicaments people encounter. As stigma encompasses devaluation, degradation, and discrimination it is intimately connected to processes of social inequality. In this chapter we provide reflections on the origins of social scientific attention to stigma and then provide concepts related to (1) what stigma is, (2) how stigmatizing circumstances differ one from the other, (3) why people stigmatize, (4) how stigma produces social inequality, and (5) how people seek to resist stigma. We end with a consideration of how broadly stigma affects inequality when we consider its affects for multiple stigmatized groups and for multiple social, personal and economic outcomes.
Selection and Training of Divers

The evidence is incontrovertible that if one wishes a task to be completed efficiently and safely, one must carefully select the individual who is to perform the task according to standard techniques and then see that there is proper motivation and adequate training. In underwater activity there is usually no problem of motivation, for most of the individuals are highly motivated volunteers, but there is a problem of selection and training. For selection, it is largely a matter of selecting out, i.e., not allowing those with disqualifying defects to come into underwater activity.
Conditioning-Specific Biophysical Alterations in Rabbit Hippocampus

A series of studies was initiated to explore the possibility that conditioning-specific biophysical alterations could be demonstrated in in vitro brain slices prepared from conditioned rabbits. Hippocampus was chosen as the region to begin our brain slice studies for several reasons. First, hippocampus in humans is generally considered to be importantly involved in acquisition of cognitive learning tasks (probably for transferring information from immediate to long-term memory) because of profound learning deficits observed in patients with bilateral hippocampectomy (Scoville and Milner, 1957; Squire, 1982). Second, systematic unit recording studies in freely moving rats showed a profound involvement of hippocampus and its subregions in a tone-signaled food acquisition conditioned response (Disterhoft and Segal, 1978; Olds et al., 1972; Segal, 1973). Berger, Thompson, and their collaborators showed in a series of studies during nictitating membrane (NM) conditioning in rabbits that hippocampal neurons showed learned alterations early in training (before CR acquisition), that hippocampal CA 1 and CA3 neuron PST histograms to CS onset exhibit “models” of the NM conditioned response, and that there is a high degree of correlation between hippocampal unit firing and the acquisition of and characteristics of the NM conditioned response (Berger et al., 1980; Berger and Thompson, 1978; Thompson et al., 1980). Recently, they have shown in a single-neuron study that it is the CA 1 and CA3 neurons that model the NM conditioned response (Berger et al., 1983). Third, the hippocampal slice has been one of the most widely studied in vitro brain slice preparations because of its regular lamellar organization and its viability in vitro (Langmoen and Andersen, 1981; Schwartzkroin, 1981). Thus, there exists a large body of in vitro biophysical data in addition to the in vivo recording data. In fact, much of the in vitro data are from the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells, the population that shows the neural modeling of the NM conditioned response.
The wound of whiteness: Conceptualizing economic convergence as Trauma in the 2016 United States Presidential Election

Abstract Political commentators on the right of the political spectrum and the mainstream left assert that Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 United States presidential election was due to poor white male voters left behind by globalization because his opponent abandoned them by prioritizing identity, meaning race and gender, politics. I argue instead that White masculinist identity politics constructed legal gains domestically by minorities and women and economic gains internationally by emerging economies, particularly in East Asia, as trauma. The economic position that generated the rage that carried Donald Trump to the White House was not economic divergence from the wealthiest one percenters but economic convergence between Whites and other racialized groups. Building on Freudian trauma theory, Judith Herman's seminal clinical research on repeat trauma and James Gilligan's research on masculinity, I construct a framework for understanding political trauma in the election. Referencing statistical data from exit polls, recent reassessments and textual analysis, I argue that White men and women vis-a-vis racial minorities, construct the erosion of the normative social compact and consequent loss of racial privilege as trauma because it entails submission to humiliation and loss of status, experienced as a position of gendered subjectivity.
Surgical Predictive Planning Using 3D Printing

Abstract Cardiovascular outcomes, either through percutaneous therapy or surgical intervention, have seen tremendous improvements over the past decade, primarily through the enhanced ability to risk stratify patients pre- or postprocedurally. Furthermore, 3D printing has provided the ability to incorporate patient-specific anatomy during procedural planning adding a dimension of enhanced visualization and optimization of device delivery not previously available, prior to the era of 3D printing. The potential for growth and development of 3D printing for surgical preprocedural planning is tremendous, especially when the interest in personalized medicine is heightened. In this chapter, we review current literature on the use of 3D printing for surgical predictive planning, and discuss future steps that are required in order to incorporate 3D printing in the day-to-day clinical and surgical practice.
Genre and linguistic expectation shift: Evidence from pop song lyrics

Popular song lyrics constitute an exception to dominant, standard language ideologies of English: nonstandard grammatical forms are common, relatively unstigmatized, and even enregistered in the genre. This project uses song lyrics to test whether genre cues can shift linguistic expectations, influencing how speakers process morphosyntactic variants. In three self-paced reading experiments, participants read sentences from pop songs. Test sentences contained either ‘standard’ NPSG + doesn't or ‘nonstandard’ NPSG + don't. In Experiment 1, some participants were told that the sentences came from lyrics, while others received no context information. Experiment 2 eliminated other nonstandardisms in the stimuli, and Experiment 3 tested for the effect of stronger context information. Genre information caused participants to orient to the sentences differently, which partially—but not straightforwardly—mitigated surprisal at nonstandard don't. I discuss future directions for understanding the effects of context on sociolinguistic processing, which I argue can inform concepts like genre and enregisterment, and the processes underlying language attitudes. (Morphosyntactic variation, genre, invariant don't, language ideology, pop songs, experimental sociolinguistics, sentence processing)*
Abstract TP378: How Caregivers Potentially Prevent Hospital Readmissions

Background: Since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act law of 2010, hospitals are held accountable by payers for readmissions. Family caregiving is an essential, yet understudied, factor ...
Foliar sensitivity of pinto bean and soybean to ozone as affected by temperature, potassium nutrition, and ozone dose

Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merv.] were exposed to O3 to determine the interactions of growth temperature, exposure temperature, K nutrition and doses of O3 on their foliar sensitivity. Pinto bean developed more foliar injury than soybean. Pinto bean were most sensitive when grown and exposed at 28°C. Growth and exposure temperature interacted in the development of foliar injury on pinto bean, but only growth temperature influenced the amount of foliar injury on soybean. Both species developed more foliar injury when grown with low K nutrition. There was no relationship between foliar injury and reducing sugars or sucrose content of the leaves.
Abstract WP143: Acute Treatment With Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Inhibitors Show Neuroprotective and Neuro-Rehabilitation Potential in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Stroke remains a leading cause of disability in the United States. Despite recent advances, interventions to reduce damage and enhance recovery after stroke is lacking. Therefore, val...
Exploration of the Kyoto Protocol and Doha Round on decarbonising between high-income OECD and developing countries

A model is developed to bolster the developing countries argument that increasing carbon dioxide emissions levels is created by industrialised countries and it is unfair to place the same burdens on developing countries. FMOLS model is employed to examine the relationship and its elasticity between economic growth, international trade, industrialisation, agriculture, urbanisation, and carbon emissions levels. The results support a link between economic growth, exports, industrialisation, agriculture, urbanisation and carbon dioxide emissions for both industrialised countries and developing countries. This study also reveals a positive impact of urbanisation and negative effect of international trade on carbon dioxide emissions in high income OECD, and developing countries. In addition, a positive effect of industrialisation and a negative relationship of agriculture occur in developing countries. Further exploration of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 indicates no significant effect for high income OECD countries, but significant negative impact appears among developing countries.
Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Non-breast or Prostate Cancer Oligometastases: A Tail of Survival Beyond 10 Years.

Purpose and Objective(s): We sought to analyze the long-term follow-up of patients treated with hypofractionated, stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) for oligometastases from malignancies other than breast or prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001 to 2006, 82 cancer patients with 1-5 radiographically apparent metastatic lesions (in 1-3 organs) from primary sites other than breast or prostate cancer, were enrolled on a prospective study of HSRT. Freedom from widespread metastasis (FFWM) was defined from date of enrollment until death, an event (i.e., widespread distant metastasis not amenable to local therapy), or last radiographic study. Local recurrence was scored as an event if pathologically confirmed or if a treated lesion increased by ≥20% using RECIST criteria. Prognostic variables were assessed using Cox regression analysis. Results: The mean age was 61 ± 11 years, with a male to female ratio of 46:36. The most common metastatic sites were liver (50%), lung (48%), thoracic lymph nodes (18%), and bone (5%). Sixty-one patients (74%) had 1 involved organ and 18 (22%) had 1 lesion treated. The preferred dose-fractionation scheduled was 50 Gy in 10 fractions (52 patients). The median follow-up was 1.7 years. Eleven patients lived >5 years, and 6 lived >10 years. The 5-year OS, PFS, FFWM, and LC rates were 13.4, 7.3, 18.3, and 63.4%, and the 10-years OS, PFS, FFWM, and patient LC rates were 7.3, 6.1, 13.4, and 62.2%, respectively. A greater net gross tumor volume (GTV) was significantly adverse for OS (p 13 years from enrollment and treatment, without evidence of active disease. Conclusion: A small subset of select non-breast, non-prostate cancer patients with limited metastasis treated with HSRT are long-term survivors. Net GTV is a significant factor for tumor control and survival. Further research is needed to help better select patients most likely to benefit from local therapy for metastatic disease.
The Online Caliphate: Internet Usage and ISIS Support in the Arab World

Experts argue that the internet has provided expanded opportunities for violent extremist groups to propagandize and recruit. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS, is an exemplar in that it...
GOLDMAN, Jennifer: Illinois/USA

Jennifer G. Goldman, MD, MS, FAAN, FANA is a Movement Disorders neurologist with specialty board certification in Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. Dr. Goldman is the Section Chief for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Rehabilitation at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago) and Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago. From 2004–2018, Dr. Goldman was on the faculty at Rush University, Section of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders and promoted through the academic ranks to Professor of Neurological Sciences. At Rush, she founded and directed the Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Movement Disorders program, a comprehensive, interdisciplinary clinic and directed the Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence and Huntington’s Disease Society of America Center of Excellence. Dr. Goldman has been a leader in the field of neuropsychiatric issues in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with research contributions regarding clinical features, neuroimaging, and biomarkers of PD mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and psychosis. She serves on the Movement Disorders journal Editorial Board, the MDS Leadership (LEAP) Task Force and as MDS LEAP faculty, the MDS Task Forces for PD-MCI, Integrated and Interdisciplinary care, and Rating Scales, and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Women in Leadership Committee. Dr. Goldman chairs the MDS Pan-American Section Education Committee and the AAN Movement Disorders Section. Open image in new window
Research on the Leadership of Black Women Principals: Implications for Black Students:

In this exploratory review, I consider research on Black women principals for the period 1993 to 2017, using 57 research reports obtained from dissertations, journal articles, and a book chapter. T...
Effects of a detailed sexual behavior interview on perceived risk of HIV infection: Preliminary experimental analysis in a high risk sample

Effects of the HIV-Risk Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB), which uses detailed memory cues to assess retrospectively sexual behavior and substance use on a day-by-day basis, on HIV risk-reduction motivation were tested. Thirty-four adults (76% male, 100% African American) were randomly assigned to three interview conditions: (a) HIV-Risk TLFB Interview, (b) 27 sexual behavior frequency questions, and (c) diet and nutrition using the TLFB format. Participants completed measures of HIV risk-reduction motivation immediately before and after the experimental assessment component. The a priori hypotheses that the HIV-Risk TLFB group would exhibit greater increases on indices of HIV risk reduction motivation than participants in either of the other two groups and that participants in the nutrition interview condition would exhibit greater increases in motivation for dietary improvement were supported, indicating that participating in detailed health behavior interviews, but not cursory assessments, may lead to increased motivation for behavior change.
Active power control to mitigate voltage and frequency deviations for the smart grid using smart PV inverters

Large-scale deployments of variable renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, are increasing around the world. PV systems are a potential source of clean energy but they experience power intermittency and lack controllability. However, smart PV inverters provide grid-friendly functionalities that control the power output of PV systems. Power intermittency of PV systems causes major problems such as voltage fluctuations and frequency deviations in an electric power grid. Together with varying loads and other renewable distributed generations, the grid frequency and voltage become difficult to manage. A smart PV inverter allows for active power curtailment, volt-watt, and frequency-watt control systems to mitigate the voltage and frequency deviations for a smart power grid. Therefore, smart PV inverters can reduce the installation of voltage and frequency control devices in an electric power grid, which in turn can reduce installation and maintenance costs. Real-time analyses of active power curtailment, volt-watt control, frequency-watt control using smart PV inverters and their effects on voltage and frequency are presented in this paper. Power curtailment operations were executed in low and high PV penetration areas. From the experimental analyses, distributed voltage deviations can be mitigated using active power curtailment and volt-watt control systems, and the over-frequency of an electric power grid can be reduced using frequency-watt control method. Controller performances of smart PV inverters are also evaluated in this paper. The experimental analyses were executed in the Maui Advanced Solar Initiative Project.
A Parallel Solution for the Resilient Operation of Power Systems in Geomagnetic Storms

Optimal operation strategies are essential for maintaining a secure, economic, and resilient operation of power systems in dealing with geomagnetic storms. However, practical efforts for attaining such optimal operations are facing significant modeling and solution challenges that stem from the computational complexity of the geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) mitigation problem. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a parallel solution approach to improve the computational efficiency. In this approach, the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem of mitigating geomagnetic disturbance is split into a nonlinear AC optimal power flow subproblem (ACOPF) and a mixed-integer linear DC geomagnetically-induced current (GIC-DC) mitigation subproblem. The solution mitigates the negative effects of geomagnetic storms by introducing transformer neutral and transmission line series GIC blocking devices, transmission switching, and a host of other operation planning schemes which can enhance the power system resilience. Multiple cases on the 6-bus, 18-bus and 150-bus power systems are studied to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed parallel modeling and solution approach. The studied cases also show that the proposed parallel solution approach offers a promising performance which is based on the applications of augmented Lagrangian relaxation and auxiliary problem principle methods.
The two splice variant forms of Cdc42 exert distinct and essential functions in neurogenesis

The small GTPase cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) plays essential roles in neurogenesis and brain development. Previously, using murine embryonic P19 cells as a model system, we showed that CDC42 stimulates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and thereby up-regulates transcription factors required for the formation of neural progenitor cells. However, paradoxically, although endogenous CDC42 is required for both the initial transition of undifferentiated P19 cells to neural progenitors and their ultimate terminal differentiation into neurons, ectopic CDC42 overexpression promotes only the first stage of neurogenesis (i.e. the formation of neuroprogenitors) and not the second phase (differentiation into neurons). Here, using both P19 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells, we resolve this paradox, demonstrating that two splice variants of CDC42, differing only in nine amino acid residues in their very C-terminal regions, play distinct roles in neurogenesis. We found that a CDC42 splice variant that has a ubiquitous tissue distribution, termed here as CDC42u, specifically drives the formation of neuroprogenitor cells, whereas a brain-specific CDC42 variant, CDC42b, is essential for promoting the transition of neuroprogenitor cells to neurons. We further show that the specific roles of CDC42u and CDC42b in neurogenesis are due to their opposing effects on mTORC1 activity. Specifically, CDC42u stimulated mTORC1 activity and thereby induced neuroprogenitor formation, whereas CDC42b worked together with activated CDC42-associated kinase (ACK) in down-regulating mTOR expression and promoting neuronal differentiation. These findings highlight the remarkable functional specificities of two highly similar CDC42 splice variants in regulating distinct stages of neurogenesis.
Image Processing for Measurement Analysis of the AV-8B F-402 Hot Nozzle

The Rotating Hot Exhaust Nozzles of the F402 Turbofan engine are two of four Exhaust Nozzles that produce thrust, allowing the AV-8B Harrier Jet to perform vertical and short take-off and landing. Handling damage and weld repairs during maintenance and transport have affected the Nozzle’s throat area. A deformed throat area has caused a production of thrust outside of tolerances required for normal engine performance. A metal trimmer or compensator may be fitted to an oversized nozzle to control thrust by reducing the throat area. The trimmer’s size may be changed or removed in the case of an undersized nozzle. Precise measurement of the Nozzle’s throat area is critical to adjusting with trimmers as necessary. One of Sweet Briar College’s Senior Capstone teams has been tasked with addressing a technical need of the U.S. Navy. The goal is to design a Throat Area Measurement System for the F402 Rotating Hot Exhaust Nozzle. Requirements defined by the client and the Sweet Briar College team led to the evaluation of concepts and selection of an image processing method to obtain the throat area value. This technique involves capturing an image of the Nozzle at a calibrated camera position, then uploading it to a MATLAB program written by the team. The program runs necessary functions to binarize the image, then calculate a throat area value in square inches. Image processing requires high contrast for accuracy; therefore, a background has been designed to accommodate this specification. The team has included code to mitigate unwanted image noise and output a value. Construction of a physical prototype has allowed for an analysis of the design process and an understanding of where alterations must be made. With this code and prototype, the team has taken the first steps to automating and improving the process to obtain area values for the Hot Exhaust Nozzle.
Knowledge spillovers between PV installers can reduce the cost of installing solar PV

Abstract We analyze pricing in PV systems using data from 2008-2014 to identify the effects of knowledge spillovers in reducing the installed cost of PV. This paper estimates the size of the effects of learning by doing and knowledge spillovers using multiple formulations of spillover related variables. We found knowledge spillovers between firms within a county to be a significant and substantial factor in reducing the costs of PV. However, these spillovers reduce costs only for firms over a certain size threshold, and no cost-reducing spillovers were found for smaller installers. Geographic spillovers, within a firm from one county to another were also significant although not as large as the local between-firm effects. We ran 43 specifications on the data and generally found these main results to be robust, although not in every specification. One implication of these results is that policies that subsidize demand for PV are leading to the creation of new knowledge that would not exist at lower levels of demand. That the spillovers become stronger at higher levels of experience suggests that these subsidies would need to be substantial, particularly in new markets with many small firms.
A phase-field model of fracture with frictionless contact and random fracture properties: Application to thin-film fracture and soil desiccation

Abstract We present a new derivation for a phase-field model of cohesive fracture that allows for fully-damaged surfaces to properly transmit tractions under frictionless contact conditions. The model is derived from an energy minimization standpoint, and the governing equations are presented in a general Allen–Cahn form, unifying both brittle and cohesive fracture models. A novel elastic energy split is proposed to enforce frictionless contact conditions along the regularized crack set. A fixed-point iterative algorithm is used to solve the system of equations, and an active-set strategy is incorporated to enforce the crack set irreversibility. The model is then applied to study the mechanical-fracture coupling in the fracture of thin films and soil desiccation problems in which intricate crack networks form. We present results for one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and fully three-dimensional configurations, and examine the relationship between the generalized driving energies for fracture and the resulting fracture patterns. We also investigate the impact of stochastic spatial variations in material parameters on fragment statistics and fracture network morphology. To this end, we develop a random field model for fracture properties and address a forward propagation problem. The versatility offered by the probabilistic framework is finally highlighted by considering a statistical inverse problem based on physical experiments. It is shown, in particular, that the formulation allows key characteristics of observed crack patterns to be reproduced with reasonable accuracy.
The Nephrology Immersion Classroom for Internal Medicine Residents

Background In graduate medical education (GME), there are many barriers to achieving a personalized learning process with standardized learning outcomes. One way to support this is through mobile-friendly digital blackboard videos. We sought to measure the effect of a mobile-friendly video curriculum on resident satisfaction, knowledge, and clinical skills during a nephrology rotation. Methods This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized trial. The control group consisted of internal medicine residents who completed our inpatient nephrology consult rotation as usual. The classroom group had the same clinical experience, but also had access to a library (Nephrology Immersion Classroom) of mobile-friendly, nephrology-themed, digital blackboard videos. In a postrotation assessment, we measured resident satisfaction, clinical knowledge using 15 multiple-choice questions, and nephrology-specific clinical skills. Results Of the residents in the classroom group, 77% enrolled in the online classroom, and the majority reported using the classroom occasionally or frequently. A majority found it very easy to use (86%) and strongly recommended having similar videos for other rotations (77%). We observed improved report of rotation-specific clinical skills, but no difference in short-term knowledge between the two study groups. Conclusions A mobile-friendly, digital video curriculum for internal medicine residents on an inpatient consult rotation was well utilized, highly rated, and associated with improved nephrology-specific clinical skills. Continued evaluation and incremental improvement of such resources could enhance implementation of GME core curricula.
Long-Lived Mixed 2MLCT/MC States in Antiferromagnetically Coupled d3 Vanadium(II) Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Complexes.

Exploration of [V(bpy)3]2+ and [V(phen)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) using electronic spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast excited-state decay process and implicates a pair ...
Improving bug detection and fixing via code representation learning

The software quality and reliability have been proved to be important during the program development. There are many existing studies trying to help improve it on bug detection and automated program repair processes. However, each of them has its own limitation and the overall performance still have some improvement space. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning framework to improve the software quality and reliability on these two detect-fix processes. We used advanced code modeling and AI models to have some improvements on the state-of-the-art approaches. The evaluation results show that our approach can have a relative improvement up to 206% in terms of F-1 score when comparing with baselines on bug detection and can have a relative improvement up to 19.8 times on the correct bug-fixing amount when comparing with baselines on automated program repair. These results can prove that our framework can have an outstanding performance on improving software quality and reliability in bug detection and automated program repair processes.
Automated end-to-end management of the modeling lifecycle in deep learning

Deep learning has improved the state-of-the-art results in an ever-growing number of domains. This success heavily relies on the development and training of deep learning models–an experimental, iterative process that produces tens to hundreds of models before arriving at a satisfactory result. While there has been a surge in the number of tools and frameworks that aim at facilitating deep learning, the process of managing the models and their artifacts is still surprisingly challenging and time-consuming. Existing model-management solutions are either tailored for commercial platforms or require significant code changes. Moreover, most of the existing solutions address a single phase of the modeling lifecycle, such as experiment monitoring, while ignoring other essential tasks, such as model deployment. In this paper, we present a software system to facilitate and accelerate the deep learning lifecycle, named ModelKB. ModelKB can automatically manage the modeling lifecycle end-to-end, including (1) monitoring and tracking experiments; (2) visualizing, searching for, and comparing models and experiments; (3) deploying models locally and on the cloud; and (4) sharing and publishing trained models. Moreover, our system provides a stepping-stone for enhanced reproducibility. ModelKB currently supports TensorFlow 2.0, Keras, and PyTorch, and it can be extended to other deep learning frameworks easily.