cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ruptured uterus following the Spinelli operation for inversion of the uterus

Abstract The woman who has had a Spinelli operation in the treatment of inversion of the uterus is exposed to the danger of rupture of the uterus in a subsequent pregnancy, because of the existence of a scar extending from the uterine fundus to the os externum of the cervix. One on whom I had performed this operation on May 27, 1938, reported to me in late pregnancy. It was decided to deliver her by cesarean section, and the date of the intervention had been arranged for two weeks before the expected term in order to avoid the strain of the last two weeks of gestation on the uterine scar. Three days before this appointed date, without any effort on her part, and while she was in bed, her uterus ruptured. She was transferred to the hospital as soon as possible where a cesarean-hysterectomy was performed, following which a blood transfusion was administered. The convalescence was uncomplicated and the mother and baby were discharged from the hospital in good condition.
Isozyme Ratios of Human Serum 5‘‐Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase

The presence of five isozymes of 5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human sera and the use of the fast-moving isozyme-V as a diagnostic aid for human primary and secondary hepatoma (liver metastasis) have been reported from our laboratories. The present paper describes further work in the use of isozyme ratio for the possible discrimination of the two groups of patients. Tissue enzyme study has defined both IV and V as from liver, and III from colon. The ratios for V/IV and (IV + V)/III were therefore possibly significant for this purpose. Our sampling indicates that for primary hepatoma V/IV = 0.78±0.56 and for liver metastasis V/IV = 0.96±0.57 (p>0.05). On the other hand (V + IV)/III = 0.76 ±0.52 for primary hepatoma, and (V + IV)/III = 1.12±0.64 for secondary hepatoma (p == 0.05). It is therefore possible to improve the discrimination of secondary hepatoma from primary hepatoma with the aid of isozyme ratio study. Clusters in scatterogram for these groups are discussed.
Ethical challenges of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a widely used procedure for patients who cannot swallow. Athough it is mostly performed for valid indications, its use in terminally ill patients is questionable. In this study, more than 30% of patients died in hospital after PEG placement and 16% died less than 30 days after placement. Strict guidelines and oversight or PEG placement are recommended.
Legionnaires disease presenting as acute kidney injury in the absence of pneumonia

Legionnaires disease is a pneumonic illness with multisystem involvement. In 1987, Haines et al reported the only reported case of isolated renal disease of legionellosis without concurrent respiratory disease. A 62-year-old man presented with generalised weakness and malaise and watery diarrhoea, and was found to have acute kidney injury on admission. He was initially managed as acute gastroenteritis complicated with dehydration and acute kidney injury with intravenous hydration. Despite adequate hydration, his renal function was worsening day by day. Later in the course of his sickness he developed pneumonic illness and was diagnosed with Legionnaires disease after a positive urine antigen test. We are reporting the second case of Legionnaires disease presenting as an isolated acute kidney injury in the absence of respiratory symptoms on presentation.
Characterization of reversible associations by sedimentation velocity with UltraScan.

We compare here the utility of sedimentation velocity (SV) to sedimentation equilibrium (SE) analysis for the characterization of reversible systems. Genetic algorithm optimization in UltraScan is used to optimize the model and to obtain solution properties of all components present in the system. We apply our method to synthetic and experimental data, and suggest limits for the accessible kinetic range. We conclude that equilibrium constants obtained from SV and SE analysis are equivalent, but that SV experiments provide better confidence for the K d , can better account for the presence of contaminants and provide additional information including rate constants and shape parameters.
Bathymetry and temperature of some glacial lakes in Wyoming

On the west flank of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, are several large lakes occupying glacially scoured depressions dammed by terminal moraines. Fremont, Willow, and New Fork Lakes, having maximal depths of 185, 85, and 62 m, respectively, are not only deep, but in 1970-1978 they had no measurable coliform. They have exceptionally low values of total dissolved solids; Fremont Lake has only 12.8 mg/liter, probably the second most dilute large lake in coterminus United States. Summer mixing is restricted to the uppermost 10 m, below which the lakes are essentially isothermal at the maximum density temperature, about 3.9°C.
The mechanism of ascorbic acid-induced differentiation of ATDC5 chondrogenic cells.

The ATDC5 cell line exhibits a multistep process of chondrogenic differentiation analogous to that observed during endochondral bone formation. Previous investigators have induced ATDC5 cells to differentiate by exposing them to insulin at high concentrations. We have observed spontaneous differentiation of ATDC5 cells maintained in ascorbic acid-containing α-MEM. A comparison of the differentiation events in response to high-dose insulin vs. ascorbic acid showed similar expression patterns of key genes, including collagen II, Runx2, Sox9, Indian hedgehog, and collagen X. We took advantage of the action of ascorbic acid to examine signaling events associated with differentiation. In contrast to high-dose insulin, which downregulates both IGF-I and insulin receptors, there were only minimal changes in the abundance of these receptors during ascorbic acid-induced differentiation. Furthermore, ascorbic acid exposure was associated with ERK activation, and ERK inhibition attenuated ascorbic acid-induced differentiation. This was in contrast to the inhibitory effect of ERK activation during IGF-I-induced differentiation. Inhibition of collagen formation with a proline analog markedly attenuated the differentiating effect of ascorbic acid on ATDC5 cells. When plates were conditioned with ATDC5 cells exposed to ascorbic acid, ATDC5 cells were able to differentiate in the absence of ascorbic acid. Our results indicate that matrix formation early in the differentiation process is essential for ascorbic acid-induced ATDC5 differentiation. We conclude that ascorbic acid can promote the differentiation of ATDC5 cells by promoting the formation of collagenous matrix and that matrix formation mediates activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which promotes the differentiation program.
Oral Bexarotene in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

OBJECTIVE:To review the preclinical and clinical information related to oral bexarotene approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy.DATA SOURCES:Literature accessed through MEDLINE (from 1990 to July 2000) and provided by the manufacturer. Key search terms included bexarotene, Targretin, LGD1069, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.DATA SYNTHESIS:The management of CTCL remains controversial due to its rarity in the US and its heterogeneity. An evaluation focusing on the pharmacology of bexarotene and its role in the management of the different stages of CTCL was conducted.CONCLUSIONS:Bexarotene has demonstrated activity in the treatment of CTCL. The oral route of administration and the adverse effect profile of bexarotene appear to make this drug a favorable option for the treatment of CTCL compared with other systemic therapies. Phase III randomized studies ar...
Role of Regional Anesthesia in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Regional anesthesia has increasingly expanded its role in the perioperative care of patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. In addition to avoiding side effects associated with both general anesthesia and neuraxial anesthetic techniques, especially those related to cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, regional nerve blocks have been shown to improve postoperative pain and reduce hospital stay and associated expenses. The techniques utilized to achieve analgesia of the foot and ankle are diverse, multifaceted, and often incorporate ultrasound guidance. Given the aging of patient populations, and especially the growing incidence of cardiovascular-, pulmonary-, and obesity-related morbidity, the use of regional blocks is likely to expand in these surgical procedures. This review highlights some of the most current developments in the expanding role of regional anesthesia in foot and ankle surgery.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II
Forecasting accuracy as a performance measure in business simulations

This article describes the results of an experiment that investigated the link between the ability of business simulation team participants to forecast financial and/or market-related outcomes, and links this forecasting ability to the actual results of their decision making. This experiment was repeated six times over the course of an academic year. Each replication involved 12 consecutive decision periods. The experiment required each member of the student teams to forecast either the expected market share and sales of the product for which they were making decisions or to forecast the cash flows and profits of the simulated firm. The managerial position that the participant held during the simulation determined the type of forecast (market share, cash flow, etc.) he or she was assigned. The experiment showed a very strong link between the ability of the management team to forecast outcomes and their firm's performance, as measured by profitability.
Fault Slip Distribution of the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake, Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements

We use a combination of satellite radar and GPS data to estimate the slip distribution of the 1999 M w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, a right-lateral strikeslip earthquake that occurred on a northwest–southeast striking fault in the southern California Mojave Desert. The data include synthetic aperture radar interferograms (InSAR) from both ascending and descending orbits, radar amplitude image offset fields (SARIO) for both ascending and descending azimuth directions, and campaign GPS observations from 55 stations provided by Agnew et al. (2002). We model the fault with nine segments derived from the field-mapped fault rupture, the SARIO data, and aftershock locations. We first estimate the dip of each fault segment, as well as a single constant strike-slip component across each segment, resulting in an average dip of 83° to the northeast and slip of up to 5.6 m. Then, we fix the optimal fault segment dip, discretize the fault segments into 1.5 km × 1.5 km patches, and solve for the variable slip distribution using a nonnegative least-squares method that includes an appropriate degree of smoothing. Our preferred solution has both right-lateral strike-slip and reverse faulting. The estimated geodetic moment is 5.93 × 10 19 N m ( M w 7.1), similar to seismological estimates, indicating that there are insignificant interseismic and postseismic deformation signals in the data. We find strike-slip displacements of up to 6.0 m and reverse faulting of up to 1.6 m, with the maximum slip located just northwest of the epicenter. Most of the slip is concentrated northwest and south of the epicenter; little slip is found on the northeastern branch of the fault. The SARIO data and our modeling indicate that the amount and extent of surface fault rupture were underestimated in the field.
Development of hearing. Part II. Embryology

We humans hear the way we do because of at least three major forces. The first is phylogeny, the evolutionary changes in the auditory system since its beginnings. Another is embryology, the development of the system in each individual. Finally, there is the biologically determined mechanism we are born with and our interaction with the environment in early postnatal life. This series of articles reviews each aspect so that we may have a fuller appreciation of how it is we come to hear the way we do. Part I described the phylogeny of the auditory system. Part II traces the development in prenatal life of the internal, middle, and external ear and the nervous system by days, weeks, and months. Wherever possible, parallels are drawn between phylogenetic and embryologic development. Part III considers the postnatal aspects of auditory development.
Utility of Preoperative Upper Gastrointestinal Series in Laparoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Abstract Introduction: An upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series is a standard preoperative test for patients being evaluated for gastrostomy tube placement. We have recently begun to question the value of the radiation-exposing series in patients who tolerate gastric feeds. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement between 2000 and 2012. Demographics, indication for gastrostomy tube, comorbidities, preoperative imaging, and nutrition were analyzed. Patients with foregut pathology and those who underwent prior gastrointestinal surgery were excluded. Results: Among 695 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, the most common indications were failure to thrive (53%), neurologic disorder (25%), and dysphagia (12%). A UGI series was obtained for 420 patients (60%). Of these, 96 were found to have abnormalities (reflux, aspiration, anatomic). However, only 2 of these patients (0.3%) had a change in managemen...
Usability evaluation of the spatial OLAP visualization and analysis tool (SOVAT)

Increasingly sophisticated technologies, such as On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) and Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), are being leveraged for conducting community health assessments (CHA). Little is known about the usability of OLAP and GIS interfaces with respect to CHA. We conducted an iterative usability evaluation of the Spatial OLAP Visualization and Analysis Tool (SOVAT), a software application that combines OLAP and GIS. A total of nine graduate students and six community health researchers were asked to think-aloud while completing five CHA questions using SOVAT. The sessions were analyzed after every three participants and changes to the interface were made based on the findings. Measures included elapsed time, answers provided, erroneous actions, and satisfaction. Traditional OLAP interface features were poorly understood by participants, and combined OLAP-GIS features needed to be better emphasized. The results suggest that the changes made to the SOVAT interface resulted in increases in both usability and user satisfaction.
Lead through needle technique for placing spinal cord stimulator leads: a novel alternative to the loss of resistance technique.

• Loss of resistance technique is the traditional technique used for spinal cord stimulator lead placement.
Affordable Housing: A Key Lever to Community Health for Older Americans.

The authors reflect on the importance of affordable housing in promoting community health for older Americans. They state that increased housing costs impacts family support which includes food availability, medical care, and transport. They mention a national study which found the highest rate of cost-burdened households among renters was in California. They report that older adults are experiencing increasing health inequalities and affordable, quality housing would be of significant benefit.
Enhancement of adriamycin-induced mortality during riboflavin administration and riboflavin deficiency in rats.

AbstractAdriamycin-treated rats were monitored for survivorship while consuming a normal diet adequate in riboflavin, a normal diet and receiving daily high-dose injections of riboflavin-5′-phosphate (flavin mononucleotide, FMN), or a riboflavin-deficient diet. Each animal was compared to a corresponding pair-fed, saline-treated control. In Adriamycin-treated rats fed the normal chow diet alone, survivorship declined within 7 days and remained constant after 12 days to about 50%. Adriamycin-treated rats consuming the normal diet and injected with FMN initially showed similar survivorship; however, after 20 days survival fell to 14%. Adriamycin-treated, riboflavin-deficient rats showed within 5 days a precipitous decline in survivorship which leveled to 5%. These results suggest that during Adriamycin treatment, proper riboflavin nutriture may be a crucial determinant of survival.
Adsorption, Desorption, and Reaction of Methyl Radicals on Surface Terminations of α-Fe2O3†

The adsorption, desorption, and reaction of gas phase methyl radicals were studied on the (0001)-oriented α-Fe2O3 surface in ultrahigh vacuum. Two different surface terminations were compared: An Fe3O4 (111) layer and the so-called “biphase” surface thought to be a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3 terminations. Gas phase methyl radicals were prepared by pyrolysis of azomethane. On Fe3O4 (111) methyl radical adsorption forms surface methoxide species as determined by the C(1s) XPS binding energy. Temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy produced direct desorption of methyl radicals at all coverages and the formation of ethane at high coverages in two desorption peaks at 331 and 439 K. The activation energies for desorption were 84 and 133 kJ/mol in the two regimes. The two surface terminations exhibit saturation coverages that differ by ca., 30×: 1.5 × 1014 and 5.2 × 1012 per cm2 for the Fe3O4(111) and “biphase” terminations, respectively. These results are interpreted in terms of bonding models and difference...
Reconstruction of Residual Deformities after Distal Tibial Physeal Fractures in Children

We experienced residual deformities and reconstruction after distal tibial physeal fractures in six children. There were three boys and three girls. They were injured at 6.8 years on average. There were four open fractures and two closed fractures. All patients in this series had been treated at other medical centers. Corrective osteotomy was performed at 11.8 years on average and the mean follow-up period was 4.2 years. Angular deformity involved five varus and one valgus deformity. Limb-length discrepancy was 2.0cm on average. Reconstruction osteotomy combined leg lengthening and bridge resection or complete ipsilateral epiphysiodesis of the tibia and fibula. At final follow-up, there was limited range of motion in all open fractures, two of whom had slight pain in hard movement or longdistance walking. Angular deformity and limb-length discrepancy were more or less corrected except for one patient who was in the growing stage. In treating children with distal tibial physeal fracture, we should consider the age, the area of growth arrests, and range of angulation, and select adequate operative procedures.
C2-1: Choosing Hospice or Choosing Dying: The Cultural and Medical Meanings of “Hospice” and the Role of Provider Referrals in Transition to Hospice Care

Background/Aims Hospice care is widely used at the end of life yet it remains stigmatized and feared. Current research on the transition to hospice overlooks the dimension of patient choice and the symbolic importance of hospice to patients and families. Understanding the transition from the point of view of patients and family members is critical in increasing use of hospice care and decreasing “late referrals.”
Control Program Verification for a Sample Titan Aerobot Mission

The success of complex autonomous robotic systems depends on the quality and correctness of their fault tolerant control systems. A goal-based control approach is used to design an example control program for a proposed mission to Titan, a moon of Saturn. The state space of the example exceeds the capability of existing symbolic model checkers for hybrid automata, so a novel verication method is developed. An original design for verication software tool called SBT Checker that aids in the design of modular, state-based goal trees for the control of separate tasks in the overall mission, is discussed. The combination of the individual goal trees constitute a goal network control program that can be veried against unsafe conditions using the novel InVeriant software. InVeriant converts goal networks to hybrid systems whose special structure is exploited to quickly nd the reachable unsafe states. The Titan aerobot mission example is then veried using this new method.
53 GENETIC DISCRIMINATION BY INSURERS AS A RESULT OF GENETIC RESEARCH AND TESTING: A COMPARISON OF NATIONAL POLICIES

Purpose Fear of discrimination by health and life insurers has been shown to deter individuals from participating in genetic research and testing. We aimed to construct a comparison of genetic discrimination policies in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States providing useful lessons regarding the management of genetic discrimination public policy. Methods MEDLINE and the HumGen database were searched for items related to genetic discrimination and health and/or life insurance. Results The Canadian, Australian, and UK health systems cover all citizens regardless of disease risk. However, life insurance applicants are not protected. In 2004, the Canadian Genetics and Life Insurance Task Force released a “Points to Consider Document” highlighting the importance of having a Canadian debate on the necessity of adopting a moratorium on the use of genetic test results for life insurance. In 2003, the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Australian Health Ethics Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council recommended the adoption of a system consisting of a regulatory review aimed at ensuring that genetic information would be used in a scientifically reliable and actuarially sound manner. The Association of British Insurers9 Code of Practice, in 1999, mandated a “5-year moratorium on the use of genetic test results by insurers” up to a certain policy amount on life, long-term care and disability insurance. In 2001, the moratorium was strengthened and extended for an additional 5 years. As of 2004, 48 states and the District of Columbia had passed some form of legislation prohibiting genetic discrimination in health insurance decisions. At the federal level, The Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act (S. 1053) prohibits discrimination on the basis of genetic information regarding health insurance. It is now in the House of Representatives, where its outcome is uncertain. Conclusions The public9s concern about their own insurability necessitates action to ensure the successful conduct of future genetic epidemiological studies and testing. We argue that the adoption of a voluntary moratorium on genetic test results by the insurance industry appears to be the best option to answer both public anxiety and to provide a minimal amount of protection to insurance applicants.
What is life? Now is the time to find out.

(1990). What is Life?: Now is the Time to Find Out. Hospital Practice: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 137-140.
Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents, and drivers aged 16-19 are the most likely to die in distracted driving crashes. This paper provides an overview of the literature on adolescent cellphone use while driving, focusing on the crash risk, incidence, risk factors for engagement, and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies. We conclude by discussing promising future approaches to prevent crashes related to cellphone use in adolescents. Handheld manipulation of the phone while driving has been shown to have a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of a near crash or crash, and eye glance duration greater than 2 seconds increases crash risk exponentially. Nearly half of U.S. high school students admit to texting while driving in the last month, but the frequency of use according to vehicle speed and high-risk situations remains unknown. Several risk factors are associated with cell phone use while driving including: parental cellphone use while driving, social norms for quick responses to text messages, and higher levels of temporal discounting. Given the limited effectiveness of current mitigation strategies such as educational campaigns and legal bans, a multi-pronged behavioral and technological approach addressing the above risk factors will be necessary to reduce this dangerous behavior in adolescents.
Measuring mental disorders: The failed commensuration project of DSM-5.

Abstract Commensuration – the comparison of entities according to a common quantitative metric – is a key process in efforts to rationalize medicine. The push toward evidence-based medicine and quantitative assessment has led to the proliferation of metrics in healthcare. While social scientific attention has revealed the effects of these metrics once institutionalized – on clinical practice, on medical expertise, on outcome assessment, on valuations of medical services, and on experiences of illness – less attention has been paid to the process of developing metrics. This article examines the attempt to create severity scales during the revision to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a case of failed commensuration. Using data from interviews with participants in the DSM-5 revision (n = 30), I reconstruct the problems that emerged in the DSM-5 Task Force's effort to develop viable psychometric instruments to measure severity. Framed as a part of a “paradigm shift” in psychiatry, the revision produced ad hoc, heterogeneous severity scales with divergent logics. I focus on two significant issues of metric construction in this case – diagnostic validity and clinical utility. Typically perceived as technical and conceptual challenges of design, I show how these issues were infused with, and undermined by, professional political dynamics, specifically tensions between medical researchers and clinicians. This case reveals that, despite its association with objectivity and transparency, commensuration encompasses more than identifying, operationalizing, and measuring an entity; it demands the negotiation of extra-scientific, non-empirical concerns that get written into medical metrics themselves.
Quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for kinetic analysis of aldol condensation using Ag–Au core–shell nanocubes

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool with high potential for multiplexed detection of dilute analytes. However, quantitative SERS of kinetic assays can be difficult due to the variation in enhancement factors caused by changing reaction conditions. We report a method for quantitative SERS kinetic analysis using colloidal Ag–Au core–shell nanocubes (Ag@AuNCs) as the SERS substrate. This substrate is mass producible, possesses large SERS enhancement, and is resistant to degradation in most environments. The SERS enhancement of the Ag@AuNCs was evaluated both experimentally and computationally. Quantitation was achieved by covalently attaching a non-reactive internal standard (IS) to substrate surfaces and normalizing SERS spectra to the IS signal. We demonstrated that IS normalization corrects for temporal variations in enhancement factor and particle concentration. Quantitation was demonstrated by monitoring the base-catalyzed aldol condensation of surface-bound 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde with free acetone. The kinetic model of this reaction was fitted to IS normalized SERS data, resulting in kinetic parameters that agreed well with published values. This SERS platform is a robust and sensitive method for quantitative analysis of kinetic assays, with potential applications in many fields.
Do Alcohol Relapse Episodes During Treatment Predict Long-Term Outcomes? Investigating the Validity of Existing Definitions of Alcohol Use Disorder Relapse

Background The construct of relapse is used widely in clinical research and practice of alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of commonly appearing definitions of AUD relapse in the empirical literature. Methods Secondary analyses of data from Project MATCH and COMBINE were conducted using 7 definitions of “relapse” based on drinking quantity within a single drinking episode: any drinking; at least 4/5 drinks for women/men; at least 4.3/7.1 drinks for women/men; at least 6/7 drinks for women/men; at least 6 drinks; at least 7/9 drinks for women/men; and at least 8/10 drinks for women/men. Relapse was used to predict alcohol consumption, related consequences, and nonconsumption outcomes (quality of life, psychosocial functioning) at the end of treatment and up to 1 year posttreatment. Results Regression analyses indicated within-treatment relapse definitions significantly predicted end-of-treatment alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Heavy drinking definitions were generally more predictive than the any drinking definition, but no single heavy drinking definition was consistently a better predictor of outcomes. Relapse definitions were less predictive of longer-term alcohol-related outcomes and both shorter- and longer-term nonconsumption outcomes, including health and psychosocial functioning. Conclusions One particular definition of relapse did not consistently stand out as the best predictor. Advances in AUD research may require reconceptualization of relapse as a multifaceted dynamic process and may consider a wider range of relevant behaviors (e.g., health and psychosocial functioning) when examining the change process in individuals with AUD.
Hip Preservation Surgery Expectations Survey: A New Method to Measure Patients' Preoperative Expectations.

Purpose To develop a patient-derived expectations survey for hip preservation surgery. Methods Patients were eligible if they were undergoing primary hip surgery and were recruited in person or by telephone. The survey was developed in 3 phases. During phase 1, 64 patients were interviewed preoperatively and asked open-ended questions about their expectations of surgery; a draft survey was assembled by categorizing responses. During phase 2, the survey was administered twice to another group of 50 patients preoperatively to assess test-retest reliability and concordance was measured with weighted kappa values and intraclass correlations. All patients also completed valid standard hip surveys electronically. During phase 3, final items were selected, factor analysis was performed, and a scoring system was developed. Results In phase 1, 509 expectations were volunteered from which 21 distinct categories were discerned and became the items for the draft survey. In phase 2, the draft survey was completed twice, 4 days apart. In phase 3, all 21 items were retained for the final survey addressing pain, mobility, sports, resumption of active lifestyles, future function, and psychological well-being. An overall score is calculated from the number of items expected and the amount of improvement expected, and ranges from 0 to 100; higher is more expectations. For phase 2 patients, mean scores for both administrations were 82, Cronbach alpha coefficients were 0.88 and 0.91, and the intraclass correlation was 0.92. A higher score (i.e., greater expectations) was associated with worse hip condition measured by standard hip surveys ( P ≤ .05). Conclusions We developed a patient-derived survey that is valid, reliable, and addresses a spectrum of expectations. The survey generates an overall score that is easy to calculate and interpret and offers a practical and comprehensive way to record patients' preoperative expectations. Level of Evidence Level II, prognostic study, prospective sample.
Uncertainty in Managers’ Reporting Objectives and Investors’ Response to Earnings Reports: Evidence from the 2006 Executive Compensation Disclosures

We examine whether the information content of the earnings report, as captured by the earnings response coefficient (ERC), increases when investors’ uncertainty about the manager’s reporting objective decreases, using the 2006 compensation disclosures as an instrument to capture a decrease in investors’ uncertainty about managers’ incentives and reporting objectives. Using a difference-in-differences design and exploiting the staggered adoption of the new rules, we find a statistically and economically significant increase in ERC for treated firms relative to control firms. The effect is weaker in firms that received a comment letter from the SEC urging them to improve their compliance with the new rules (a proxy for firms less responsive to the new rules), and stronger in firms with more independent boards (a proxy for firms more responsive to the new rules). Our findings represent the first empirical evidence of a role of compensation disclosures in enhancing the information content of financial reports, consistent with the theoretical prediction in Fischer and Verrecchia (2000). As such, they may be of interest to both policy-makers and investors.
Are All Competencies Equal In The Eyes Of Residents? A Multicenter Study Of Emergency Medicine Residents' Interest in Feedback

Introduction: Feedback, particularly real-time feedback, is critical to resident education. The emergency medicine (EM) milestones were developed in 2012 to enhance resident assessment and many programs utilize them to provide focused resident feedback. The purpose of this study was to evaluate EM residents’ level of interest in receiving real-time feedback on each of the 23 milestone sub-competencies. Methods: This was a multicenter cross sectional study of EM residents. Participants were surveyed on their level of interest in receiving real-time on-shift feedback on each of the 23 milestone sub-competencies. Anonymous paper or computerized surveys were distributed to residents at three 4-year training programs and three 3-year training programs with a total of 223 resident respondents. Residents rated their level of interest in each milestone on a 6-point semantic differential response scale. Average level of interest was calculated for each of the 23 sub-competencies, both as an average of all 223 respondents as well as by individual postgraduate year (PGY) level of training. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to determine statistical significance. Results: The overall survey response rate across all institutions was 82%. Emergency stabilization had the highest mean rating (5.47/6) while technology had the lowest rating (3.24/6). However, none of the 23 milestone sub-competencies were statistically significant based on ANOVA analysis. Conclusion: It is unclear whether residents ascribe much more value to certain sub-competency domains than others. Further studies are necessary to determine whether residents’ sub-competency valuations need to be considered when developing an assessment or feedback program focusing on the 23 EM milestones.
Place, play, escape, and identity: a reconsideration of the thought of Yi-fu Tuan in light of the work of Rāmānuja and Zhuangzi

The notion of play assumes an important place in the philosophical works of the Indian thinker Rāmānuja and the Chinese Daoist thinker Zhuangzi. After comparing their positions on play and looking at its features (e.g., its risky nature, its freedom, becoming lost in play, its effortlessness, and its self-representative nature), this essay examines the relationship between play and place in these two philosophers. Play necessarily occurs within some type of context or place that can assume God’s body or the Dao, according to the respective positions of Rāmānuja and Zhuangzi. Finally, this essay turns to consider the chosen thinkers conceptions of the relationship between play and place and the way that it compares to the thought of Yi-fu Tuan in order to suggest any changes that he might make to satisfy the Indian and Daoist thinkers.
Rural Education Practice and Policy in Marginalised Communities: Teaching and Learning on the Edge

In this paper I focus on the problems that face (teacher) education policy and practice in meeting the challenge of ‘persistent and entrenched locational disadvantage’ in marginal communities. In Dropping off the Edge 2015, Tony Vinson and colleagues (2015) clearly demonstrate that complex and entrenched disadvantage has continued to characterise a number of Australian communities, with few signs of improvement in the past 15 years. A very high proportion of these disadvantaged localities are in rural areas, and they pose an enormous challenge to policy makers and service providers, as well as to the people who live in the communities themselves. In such contexts, education is both crucially important and inexorably difficult. Agreeing with Vinson, Rawshtorne, Beavis and Ericson, that we need to understand locational disadvantage as a wicked problem for a social equity agenda (2015), I argue that the concept of Rural Social Space (Reid et al., 2010) provides a useful and coherent theoretical resource for understanding and addressing this problem, and rethinking the idea of community in ways that are necessary for change to occur. Using an exemplary case of one locality identified by Vinson as threatened with ‘dropping off the edge’, I examine what a wicked problem looks like for social equity in this particular rural social space, and how it calls into question some of our most cherished assumptions about rural communities and rural schooling. The example allows consideration of the kind of policy and practice responses that may be necessary if the problem of educational disadvantage in rural locations is to be adequately addressed.
Trends in Skin and Soft Tissue-Related Injuries in NOLS Wilderness Expeditions from 1984 to 2012.

Objective Wilderness expeditions inevitably involve risk to participants. Understanding of expedition-related illnesses and injuries allows institutions and individuals to develop strategies to mitigate risk. We describe findings and trends in soft tissue injuries, the second-most common type of injury, among participants in the National Outdoor Leadership School expeditions from 1984 to 2012. Methods Injuries and illnesses sustained by students and staff have been recorded continuously since 1984 in the extensive National Outdoor Leadership School database. We performed a retrospective analysis of incidence of soft tissue injuries in this population. Data before 1996 were standardized in order to make use of the entire dataset. Results Of 9734 total reported incidents, 2151 (22%) were soft tissue related, 707 (33%) of which required evacuation. The sex distribution of incidents was similar to the sex distribution of participants. The largest incidence of soft tissue injuries occurred independent of activity (711 incidents, 33%). The most commonly associated activities were hiking (528 incidents, 25%), camping (301 incidents, 14%), and cooking (205 incidents, 10%). Over the study period, rates of injury declined overall and in every individual category except cooking. Conclusions Over this 28-year period, the incidence of soft tissue injuries associated with the most common activities decreased. Incidence of activity-independent injuries did not change significantly, but reported severity decreased. These data provide unique insights to help improve wilderness risk management for institutions and individuals and suggest areas in which educational efforts may further reduce risk.
VisualVital: An observation model for multiple sections of scenes

A computational methodology for reorienting, repositioning, and merging camera positions within a region under surveillance is proposed, so as to optimally cover all features of interest without overburdening human or machine analysts with an overabundance of video information. This streamlines many video monitoring applications, such as vehicular traffic and security camera monitoring, which are often hampered by the difficulty of manually identifying the few specific locations (for tracks) or frames (for videos) relevant to a particular inquiry from a vast sea of hundreds or thousands of hours of video. VisualVital ameliorates this problem by considering geographic information to select ideal locations and orientations of camera positions to fully cover the span without losing key visual details. Given a target quantity of cameras, it merges relatively unimportant camera positions to reduce the quantity of video information that must be collected, maintained, and presented. Experiments apply the technique to paths chosen from maps of different cities around the world with various target camera quantities. The approach finds detail-optimizing positions with a time complexity of O(n log n).
Methods for Detection of ROS in the Female Reproductive System

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the female reproductive system is complex and can contribute to multiple gynecological diseases including infertility. This chapter will describe the various methods available to measure both ROS and other markers of oxidative stress in female infertility. Methods including chemiluminescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, metabolomics that utilize various markers of oxidative stress will be discussed. The effects of these markers in various female diseases are also briefly described.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Perioperative Considerations and Complications.

The most common indication for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is primary rotator cuff tear arthropathy.Indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have expanded beyond rotator cuff tear arthropathy to include other pathologies such as irreparable rotator cuff tears, glenohumeral arthrit
Theoretical and Finite Element Analysis of Static Friction Between Multi-Scale Rough Surfaces

The current work considers the multi-scale nature of roughness in a new model that predicts the static friction coefficient. This work is based upon a previous rough surface contact model, which used stacked elastic–plastic 3-D sinusoids to model the asperities at multiple scales of roughness. A deterministic model of a three-dimensional deformable rough surface pressed against a rigid flat surface is also carried out using the finite element method (FEM). The accuracy of the deterministic FEM model is also considered. At the beginning of contact, which is surface-point contact, the asperities or peaks are isolated, sharp, and the contact areas consist of an inadequate number of elements and sources of error. In this range of contact, the results are not presented as real or accurate. As the normal load increases, the number of the contact elements become larger, and thus, the results become more accurate. That is, the deterministic FEM results are most accurate at high loads. Spectral interpolation is used to smooth the geometry in between the original measured nodes. The effects of normal load and plasticity index on static friction are then analyzed. The results predicted by the theoretical model are also compared to other existing rough surface friction contact models and the FEM results. They are in a good qualitative agreement, especially for higher loads and higher plasticity indices. The FEM model also has significant error, but it is more accurate at higher loads where the proposed multi-scale static friction model and FEM model are in better agreement.
An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambl...
An analytical study of non-resonant transient cross-beam power transfer relevant to recent progress in plasma photonics

Recent experimental and theoretical results have shown that crossing a probe laser in a plasma with a secondary pump can modify the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the probe in a controlled manner. Beyond fundamental physics, these results suggest that a pump-plasma based optical system could be used to amplify and control a laser pulse at high power, where the high fluence precludes using an optical system. This paper attempts to clarify the transient regime of such a pump-probe-plasma system. An analytical solution is derived to the coupled equations in the relevant regime, valid for any frequency detuning, coupling strength, and damping. Asymptotic expressions in the scantly studied off-resonance regime are derived. The time to reach the steady state is found to be roughly independent of the detuning. This time-to-steady-state defines the response time of such a plasma photonics system and can be made potentially much faster than traditional optics by controlling the damping of plasma acoustic waves. We comment on the steady-state assumption typically used to interpret current experiments and design future ones.
Proanthocyanidin-chitosan composite nanoparticles prevent bacterial invasion and colonization of gut epithelial cells by extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli

Abstract Cranberry proanthocyanidin-chitosan composite nanoparticles (PAC-CHT NPs) were formulated using 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1 PAC to CHT weight ratio to form round shaped particles. The PAC-CHT NPs were characterized by size, polydispersity, surface charge, morphology, and PAC content. PAC-CHT NPs bioactivity was measured by agglutination of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and inhibition of gut epithelial cell invasion by ExPEC. Results indicate that by increasing the PAC to CHT ratio 10:1 to 30:1 formed stable nanoparticles with diameters of 122.8 to 618.7 nm, a polydispersity index of approximated 0.4 to 0.5, and a zeta potential of 34.5 to 54.4 mV. PAC-CHT NPs ratio 30:1 agglutinated ExPEC and decreased the ability of ExPEC to invade epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. PAC-CHT NPs ratio 10:1 to 30:1 form stable, round-shaped, and bioactive nanoparticles for potential applications in the treatment of ExPEC bacterial infections.
Endovenous Laser and Radiofrequency Treatments

Chronic venous disease affects approximately 15% of men and >25% of women in the United States and can cause significant morbidity in those affected (2c) (Beebe-Dimmer et al., Ann Epidemiol 15:175–184, 2005). The preferred treatment options have shifted in the last decade from surgical ligation and stripping in the operating room to minimally invasive procedures such as endothermal ablation in the outpatient setting. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are the two most commonly used thermal techniques. The heat produced by these methods causes denaturation of collagen proteins in the vessel wall resulting in inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis of the vein. RFA received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of varicose veins in 1999 followed shortly by EVLA with an 810-nm wavelength in 2002. Additional available lasers include the 810-, 940-, 980-, 1319-, 1470-, and 1500-nm diode lasers and the 1064- and 1320-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. The procedures are safely performed under local anesthesia and are well tolerated with minimal downtime for the patient. Due to their clinical effectiveness and safety profile, endothermal treatments are increasingly supplanting surgery as the treatment of choice for chronic venous disease.
First Observation of Electronic Conductivity in Mixed-Valence Tellurium Oxides

New tellurium-rich pyrochlore-related oxides of the general formula Cs(M,Te)2O6 have been synthesized, with some members exhibiting good electronic conductivities arising from doping of electrons into the empty 5s orbitals of Te6+. This is the first observance of high electronic conductivity in mixed-valence tellurium oxides.