cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Flow Invariants-Based Approach to Microgrid Management

This paper presents a novel flow invariants-based approach to microgrid management that is much more intuitive, less complex, and highly scalable in comparison with existing droop control, agent-based, and model predictive control-based approaches. These proclaimed advantages are exemplified by using a renewable energy-based microgrid (a microgrid-in-a-container) for a military forward operating base camp as the model system. The ability of the proposed approach to maintain the overall system stability and valid power flows while efficiently managing distributed energy resources through multiple operational modes is reflected by using a requirements matrix, and proven techniques in distributed systems and formal analysis. A Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) simulation is used to validate and verify the real-world practicality of the proposed control approach.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in anorectic adolescents.

Severe malnutrition has been associated with a decrease in fat and lean body mass, as well as in renal function. This study was designed to evaluate the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2) in malnourished teenagers, by using the formula GFR=kL/P cr (whereL is body height,P cr is plasma creatinine concentration and k is a proportionality constant relating muscle mass to body size that has been found to equal 0.7 in adolescent boys and 0.55 in girls). Body composition was estimated using anthropometric measurements and urinary creatinine excretion (UcrV). Malnourished female patients showed depletion of fat and muscle, whereas males had primarily decreased muscle mass. There was a good correlation (r=0.74) between anthropometric [arm muscle volume (AMV)] and chemical UcrV estimates of muscle mass. However, our previously validated estimate of GFR did not give reliable results in this group of malnourished teenagers, probably because their muscle mass was so greatly altered by the severity of malnutrition. Therefore, we used anthropometric measurements and Pcr, to estimate GFR by multiple linear regression. The best prediction was obtained by using AMV/Pcr and the observed/expected (for age, height and sex) weight ratio (WR): $$\begin{gathered} GFR (ml/min) = 0.06 AMV/P_{{\text{cr}}} + 131{\text{ WR - 79,}} \hfill \\ r = 0.82,n = 13. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ We confirm that malnutrition in adolescents is associated with decreased GFR and conclude that the resulting variability in body composition limits the possibility of estimating GFR from Pcr and height. A somewhat better estimate may be obtained from simple anthropometric measurements and Pcr.
Student experiences with media resources: Results of an academic media center student patron survey

Abstract This article presents the results of a survey designed to assess students' experiences with media resources as a means to better understanding academic media center student patron needs and as a first step towards assessing student levels of media literacy, an important but often overlooked component of information literacy. Results indicate a wide range of expertise with critical evaluation of media resources and suggest the need for better communication between instructors and students regarding familiarity with and appropriateness of media resource usage. Implications for library instruction are also addressed.
Ultrastructural observations on peritoneal exudate cells from the striped bass.

Abstract An ultrastructural study was conducted of the principal cells recovered from the peritoneal exudate of striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) injected with killed Bacillus cereus . The most frequently observed cells were identified as macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils on the basis of comparing their structure with that reported for other fish species and higher vertebrates. All three of the types of cells were phagocytic; however, the numbers of bacteria engulfed were limited. Like other studies of this type in fish, the peritoneum of the striped bass proved to be a good source of cells for morphological investigations of phagocytosis.
Aberrations in the MTS1 tumor suppressor locus in oral squamous cell carcinoma lines preferentially affect the INK4A gene and result in increased cdk6 activity

Abstract The signal transduction pathway regulated by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, pRB, is abrogated in the majority of human cancers. Using a series of cell lines derived from oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) that were not subjected to radiation or chemotherapy treatment, we detected specific hyperactivity of cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) 6 but not cdk4. Subcellular localization studies showed a predominant nuclear localization of cdk6, demonstrating that this kinase was biologically active. The molecular basis for this aberration are mutations in the MTS1 locus of chromosome 9p21. This locus encodes two partially overlapping genes, the cdk inhibitor p16ink4a, and p14ARF, an inhibitor of mdm2-mediated degradation of p53. Our analysis demonstrates that the mutations of the MTS1 locus in oral SCC specifically target expression of the p16ink4a gene but less frequently affect p14ARF. These results suggest that hyperactivity of cdk6 represents a distinct mechanism for pRB inactivation in oral SCC.
Computer models for designing hypertension experiments and studying concepts.

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates how computer models along with animal experiments have been used to work out the conceptual bases of hypertensive mechanisms, especially the following: (1) The renal-fluid volume pressure control mechanism has a feed-back gain for pressure control of infinity. Therefore, the chronic level to which the arterial pressure is controlled can be changed only by altering this pressure control mechanism. (2) An increase in total peripheral resistance is not sufficient by itself to cause hypertension. The only resistances in the circulatory system that, when increased, will cause hypertension are those along a restricted axis from the root of the aorta to Bowman’s capsule in the kidneys. (3) Autoregulation in the peripheral vascular beds does not increase the arterial pressure in hypertension. However, autoregulation can convert high cardiac output hypertension into high peripheral resistance hypertension. (4) In a computer simulation that cannot yet be performed in animals, a simulated hypertension caused by a combination of increased renal afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances has characteristics that match almost exactly those of essential hypertension.
Use of Manipulative Devices: Elementary School Cooperating Teachers Self-Report

This study looked at elementary (K-6) cooperating teachers' self-reported familiarity with, availability of, and use of 11 common manipulative devices and their perceptions about factors to consider when using manipulative materials to teach mathematics. The study found limited use of manipulatives by this select group of teachers and a pattern of diminishing use through the grades.
The Literacy Myth in the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives

One of the central endeavors in contemporary literacy studies is to interrogate traditional definitions of literacy and deconstruct literacy myths. The Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives (DALN), a publicly accessible online repository for literacy narratives, implicates itself in this effort. This essay examines instantiations of the literacy myth within literacy narratives and the archive itself. An analysis of the content and design of the DALN offers insight into how the archive provides contributors both subversive and traditional frameworks for understanding literacy and literacy narratives. Then an examination of three digital literacy narratives in the DALN demonstrates how a combination of narrative analytics can be directed towards revealing constructions of the literacy myth in the telling and meaning-making of individual lives.
The Illusion that Man Constructs Reality — A Retrograde Trend in the Cybernetical Movement

Based primarily on the belief that it is man who constructs reality, a trend has grown in recent years to regard cybernetics as superseding the scientific methodology. Shows the untenability of this belief, its reliance on imprecise language, in particular on the ambiguous term “system”, and reiterates that sound cybernetics is just a part of the scientific tradition, firmly rooted in two Objectivity Axioms. The constructivist trend has drawn attention away from serious and difficult problems, and put the focus on the superficial and the trivial. Offers some suggestions as to how the cybernetical movement can regain contact with the advancing frontiers of science.
SHARED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER: A 15 YEAR REASSESSMENT. 928

Background: In 1976, to provide access to modern treatment for children with cancer in a rural setting, a system was designed to divide treatment responsibilities between university-based pediatric oncologists and community-based primary care physicians. Under this system, the diagnosis and assignment to a treatment regimen is carried out at the university while community-based physicians delivery over 75% of the chemotherapy. Because managed care limits access to subspecialists and reduces the flexibility for collaboration between subspecialists and primary care physicians, assessment of the shared management system was undertaken.
Mechanistic aspects of the formation of anhydrovinblastine by Potier-Polonovski oxidative coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. Spectroscopic observation and chemical reactions of intermediates

Abstract The fragmentation-coupling of catharanthine and vindoline by trifluoroacetic anhydride has been carried out under conditions which allow observation of intermediates and comparison of reactivity by low temperature NMR. These studies have confirmed or revealed the following facets of the mechanism of the reaction: (1) fragmentation of an intermediate derived from catharanthine-N-oxide which otherwise is stable at −40°C occurs rapidly on addition of vindoline; (2) other bases including tri-n-butylamine, N,N-dimethyl- 3-methoxyaniline, N,N-dimethyl-2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine and 10-trifluoroacetyl- vindoline also accelerate fragmentation; (3) the stereoselectivity of coupling is controlled in part by the different rates of reaction of vindoline with separate precursors of anhydrovinblastine and 16′ -epi-anhydrovinblastine; (4) Na-methylcatharanthine-Nb-oxide undergoes fragmentation in a manner analogous to catharantine-N-oxide but there is an observable intermediate which can not be detected in the latter case; (5) the rate of fragmentation of Na-methylcatharanthine-Nb-oxide is also subject to some acceleration by base; (6) several products formed from the final fragmentation with the previous representation of the fragmentation-coupling mechanism but contribute new details.
Solution to the birthday chromatography challenge.

So what is the maximum number of components that one can expect to separate using certain column [1]? Injecting more and more components will increase the number of observed peaks and also the number of observed pure component peaks. However, at a certain point, more components will result in more overlaps with already resolved components and the number of pure component peaks thus will diminish. So we need to find the conditions under which the maximum number of pure component peaks can be observed. Mathematically, this problem can be formulated in terms of balls and bins. In other words, the problem can be thought of in the following intuitive manner. Given n balls and m bins, we throw each ball (uniformly) randomly into the bins. What is the expected number of empty bins and bins containing one ball after throwing all n balls? It turns out that this problem is a gem of discrete probability and finds many practical applications. Statistics shows us a plethora of simple situations where we tend to largely underestimate the occurrence of coincidences. For example, throwing dice six times does not necessarily guarantee that one will eventually throw the desired number, say one. Let us consider the probability of not obtaining number one in six throws. For this to happen, it has to be missed by all six trials. Since the probability of such an occurrence in each trial is 5/6, the overall probability of not obtaining number one after throwing dice six times is:
Locating diversity: race, nativity and place in health disparities research

Nancy Krieger has been one of the leading voices in documenting how social ‘axes of difference’, including race, ethnicity and class make people vulnerable to poor health and limit their access to effective health care. We discuss the importance of ‘locating’ diversity in health inequalities research. This includes critically dissecting racial and ethnic axes into more nuanced social categories that incorporate differences based on immigration and other factors. It also involves considering how diverse population groups vary in their perception and use of space for health-related activities and exposures. Examples relating to immigrant populations’ health and access to health care are discussed.
Characteristics of some air-turbine handpieces

Eleven samples of six designs of airturbine handpieces were studied by means of a magnetic brake and systems for measuring speed and torque. M axi­ mum speeds ranged from 170,000 to 340,000 rpm, and maximum torques from 5 to 10 Gram-centimeters when op­ erated at 30 psi. Dynamic balance of the instrument-rotor combination was the most important factor in determining the effect of the instrument on handpiece performance. Instrument size and surface roughness had little effect in comparison.
Evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval systems using simulated queries

A simulation method is described for estimating recall and fallout in a document retrieval system. Examples are presented to illustrate the method, and it is justified probabilistically. By using this method, we may compare the effectiveness of employing various indexing procedures, compare the effectiveness of employing various matching functions or obtain absolute effectiveness meazsures for a proposed system
Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination

Sample size determination is often an important step in planning a statistical study—and it is usually a difficult one. Among the important hurdles to be surpassed, one must obtain an estimate of one or more error variances and specify an effect size of importance. There is the temptation to take some shortcuts. This article offers some suggestions for successful and meaningful sample size determination. Also discussed is the possibility that sample size may not be the main issue, that the real goal is to design a high-quality study. Finally, criticism is made of some ill-advised shortcuts relating to power and sample size.
Controlled studies on aerosol formation during biomass pyrolysis in a flat flame reactor

Abstract A methane–air flat flame reactor was designed to study the initial stages of combustion through flash pyrolysis of biomass and factors contributing to particulate emissions were examined. Six different types of biomass, Prosopis juliflora , cotton stalk, poplar, applewood, oak, and cherry wood were pyrolysed in a methane–air flat flame at various moisture contents. Particulate matter formed was characterized through measuring mass, and particle number size distributions. The moisture content of biomass feed stock was varied from 0% to 20%, while the particle feed sizes were maintained at 105 μm or below, to limit heat transfer effects in the particle. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was also conducted on the biomass to obtain mass fraction data (% volatiles, moisture content) along with kinetic data. Results indicated that the presence of moisture causes a delay in devolatilization thus decreasing the overall efficiency in combustion. The results from this study can be used to optimize biomass combustion for use as fuel in household settings to minimize negative impacts due to poor air quality.
Clearance calculations in hemodialysis: Application to blood, plasma, and dialysate measurements for ethambutol

With the increasing use of artificial kidneys, numerous reports have appeared describing the pharmacokinetics of administered drugs in dialysis patients. Unfortunately, different investigators use different measures of dialysis clearance in reporting their results. Few studies have appeared in which actual measurements have been made in blood and dialysate as well as in plasma to experimentally show the variability of individual measurements and to demonstrate the inaccuracy of certain clearance measurements. We do so here, using the drug ethambutol. The effect of the artificial kidney on the removal of ethambutol was investigated in four uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Ethambutol was administered by i.v. infusion over 30 min. Hemodialysis started at the end of drug infusion. Blood, plasma, and dialysate samples were collected periodically over 3 hr and analyzed for ethambutol content. Dialysis clearance was calculated by arterialvenous difference and by simultaneous dialysate measurement. The extraction efficiency of the hollow fiber dialyzers ranged from 36.2% to 43.8% in terms of blood and from 38.0% to 45.4% in terms of plasma. The mean clearance values due to dialysis were 108.08 and 88.1 ml/min measured with plasma and blood as body fluids of reference, respectively. Dialysis clearance calculated by dialysate measurement had a mean of 85.9 ml/min expressed as plasma and 74.7 ml/min expressed as blood. This study demonstrates that dialysis clearance when calculated using A-V difference and plasma flow is generally underestimated, particularly for a drug which extensively partitions into red blood cells. Ethambutol had a partition coefficient (blood/plasma) of greater than 1 in all four patients. The β phase exhibited a mean half-life of approximately 2 hr on dialysis in comparison to off dialysis half-lives of 7 hror longer in renal failure. Although ethambutol exhibits a markedly reduced half-life of the drug during hemodialysis, its recovery in the dialysis fluid during a 3-hr dialysis period constitutes only a small fraction of the dose administered.
Proximal subclavian artery occlusion and reversed vertebral blood flow to the arm

Summary Two cases of proximal left subclavian artery occlusion are presented in which cerebral ischemia is aggravated by diversion of blood from the brain to the left arm via retrograde flow in the left vertebral artery. The clinical and radiological diagnosis, haemodynamic significance, and therapeutic implications are considered.
Immunologic Amnesia: Study of an 11-Year-Old Girl with Recurrent Severe Infections Associated with Dysgammaglobulinemia, Lymphopenia and Lymphocytotoxic Antibody, Resulting in Loss of Immunologic Memory

Immunologic Amnesia: Study of an 11-Year-Old Girl with Recurrent Severe Infections Associated with Dysgammaglobulinemia, Lymphopenia and Lymphocytotoxic Antibody, Resulting in Loss of Immunologic Memory
Modeling issues for full-wave numerical EMI simulation

In electromagnetic modeling, agreement between modeling and measurements is a common goal. There are questions that define every model. What is to be modeled? How is it going to be modeled? At what scale is it to be modeled? Through sample results and discussion, this paper addresses some general and some specific elements of model veracity. Through determination, numerical models can certainly be pushed to match any measured results. However, in the end the question that this paper addresses is not necessarily "How good can this model be?" as it is "Is this model good enough?".
An effective data parallel self‐starting explicit methodology for computational structural dynamics on the connection machine CM‐5

This paper discusses the implementation aspects and our experiences towards a data parallel explicit self-starting finite element transient methodology with emphasis on the Connection Machine (CM-5) for linear and non-linear computational structural dynamic applications involving structured and unstructured grids. The parallel implementation criteria that influence the efficiency of an algorithm include the amount of communication, communication routing, and load balancing. To provide simplicity, high level of accuracy, and to retain the generality of the finite element implementation for both linear and non-linear transient explicit problems on a data parallel computer which permit optimum amount of communications, we implemented the present self-starting dynamic formulations (in comparison to the traditional approaches) based on nodal displacements, nodal velocities, and elemental stresses on the CM-5. Data parallel language CMFortran is employed with virtual processor constructs and with:SERIAL and:PARALLEL layout directives for arrays. The communications via the present approach involve only one gather operation (extraction of element nodal displacements or velocities from global displacement vector) and one scatter operation (dispersion of element forces onto global force vector) for each time step. These gather and scatter operations are implemented using the Connection Machine Scientific Software Library communication primitives for both structured and unstructured finite element meshes. The implementation aspects of the present self-starting formulations for linear and elastoplastic applications on serial and data parallel machines are discussed. Numerical test models for linear and non-linear one-dimensional applications and a two-dimensional unstructured finite element mesh are then illustrated and their performance studies are discussed.
Effects of salt formulations, carbon sources, cytokinins, and auxin on shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of Pinus pinea L.

Adventitious shoots were induced on cotyledons of Pinus pinea. Among seven salt formulations, three carbon sources (sucrose, glucose and fructose), and two cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ)] with and without [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], cotyledons grown on 1/2 MS medium containing sucrose and 30 μM BA produced the highest frequency of shoot organogenesis (>90%) and mean number of shoots/explant (>40% of cotyledons produced over 20 shoots/cotyledon). As for the site of shoot organogenesis along the cotyledonary explant, the highest number of shoots per explant was observed along the basal segment of the cotyledon (distal to the hypocotyl) over all cytokinin and auxin treatments tested. Shoots were elongated on a growth regulator-free medium containing activated charcoal.
The Development of Embodied Cognition: Six Lessons from Babies

The embodiment hypothesis is the idea that intelligence emerges in the interaction of an agent with an environment and as a result of sensorimotor activity. We offer six lessons for developing embodied intelligent agents suggested by research in developmental psychology. We argue that starting as a baby grounded in a physical, social, and linguistic world is crucial to the development of the flexible and inventive intelligence that characterizes humankind.
Effects of Chemical Control, Cultivar Resistance, and Structure of Cultivar Root System on Black Shank Incidence of Tobacco

Black shank, caused by the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a major disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The rise of race 1 in the late 1990s, after extensive cropping of cultivars possessing the Php gene, confirming immunity to race 0 of P. parasitica var. nicotianae, imposed new challenges to black shank management. The effects of tobacco cultivars and chemical controls with mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold) on black shank incidence were investigated in naturally infested fields. Twenty-five cultivars were tested and the highest resistance for races 0 and 1 of P. parasitica var. nicotianae was provided by RJR 75 and SP 227 based on field and laboratory studies. When race 1 was prevalent, mefenoxam was effective to control black shank. An initial application at an early stage of tobacco growth, such as a few days before or after transplant, was essential to successfully control the disease. In greenhouse experiments, cultivars carrying the Php gene produced fewer and shorter adventitious roots than cultivars possessing only partial resistance to all races of P. parasitica var. nicotianae. Strategies such as use of mefenoxam, especially at an early stage, when adventitious roots are emerging, and planting a cultivar with high partial resistance or possessing the Ph gene when race 1 or race 0, respectively, predominates are critical factors in reducing loss due to P. parasitica var. nicotianae.
Stochastic dynamic predictions using Gaussian process models for nanoparticle synthesis

Gaussian process modeling (also known as kriging) is an empirical modeling approach that has been widely applied in engineering for the approximation of deterministic functions, due to its flexibility and ability to interpolate observed data. Despite its statistical properties, Gaussian process models (GPM) have not been employed to describe the dynamics of stochastic systems with multiple outputs. Our paper presents a methodology to construct approximate models for multivariate stochastic dynamic simulations using GPM, by combining ideas from design of experiments, spatial statistics and dynamic systems modeling. The methodology is the first application in dynamic systems modeling that combines parameter and state uncertainty propagation in Gaussian process models. We apply the methodology in the prediction of a dynamic size distribution during the synthesis of nanoparticles. The method is robust to the simulation noise, and is able to learn the dynamics using a small number of sequentially designed samples of the nanoparticle simulation.
Addition of diboron tetrachloride to some cyclic olefins and dienes

Abstract The study of the reaction of diboron tetrachloride with unsaturated hydrocarbons has been extended to include some cyclic olefins and dienes. Addition of diboron tetrachloride to cyclopentene yields the expected product, 1,2-bis(dichloroboryl)cyclopentane. Hydrolysis of this yields the 1,2-diboronic acid of cyclopentane, which upon oxidation by alkaline hydrogen peroxide apparently yields only the trans-1,2-cyclopentanediol. Diboration of non-conjugated cyclic dienes can be effected in a stepwise fashion. Thus, the addition of diboron tetrachloride to 1,4-cyclohexadiene results in either 4,5-bis(dichloroboryl)cyclohexene or 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(dichloroboryl)cyclohexane. When conjugated cyclic dienes are treated with diboron tetrachloride polymerization of the diene is the principal result. Similarly, 2-butyne is trimerized to form hexamethylbenzene upon treatment with diboron tetrachloride.
THE EMPIRICAL DEFINITION OF MONEY: A CRITIQUE

Money talks, but it does not give itself away. Lately there has been much talk about money, and even less agreement than heretofore about what it is. Because of the growing immateriality of money, the difficulty of defining it has waxed rather than waned with increased knowledge. This, of course, has not made the development of monetary theory or the determination of monetary policy any easier. Milton Friedman and Anna Jacobson Schwartz (hereafter referred to as F-S) prefer an empirical definition of money to a priori definitions, such as the generally acceptable means of payment.1 However, they fail to demonstrate either that complete freedom from a priori conceptualization is possible or that such procedure can avoid circularity of reasoning.2 If there is no “right” definition of money (F-S, 1970, pp. 137, 145–146, 151, 197–198), there is no “empirical” definition in the absence of the “right” monetary theory.
Spinal stenosis frequent in children with multiple hereditary exostoses

Purpose Children with multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) have numerous osteochondromas, with the most prominent lesions typically over the appendicular skeleton. A recent report noted a high rate of intracanal lesions in this patient population and recommended preventative spinal screening with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). We sought to evaluate the prevalence of spinal stenosis from intracanal osteochondromas at our pediatric orthopedic center in order to evaluate if routine screening is warranted.
Deformed General Relativity

Deformed special relativity is embedded in deformed general relativity using the methods of canonical relativity and loop quantum gravity. Phase-space dependent deformations of symmetry algebras then appear, which in some regimes can be rewritten as nonlinear Poincar\'e algebras with momentum-dependent deformations of commutators between boosts and time translations. In contrast to deformed special relativity, the deformations are derived for generators with an unambiguous physical role, following from the relationship between canonical constraints of gravity with stress-energy components. The original deformation does not appear in momentum space and does not give rise to nonlocality issues or problems with macroscopic objects. Contact with deformed special relativity may help to test loop quantum gravity or restrict its quantization ambiguities.
Bacterial diversity and ecosystem function of filamentous microbial mats from aphotic (cave) sulfidic springs dominated by chemolithoautotrophic "Epsilonproteobacteria".

Abstract Filamentous microbial mats from three aphotic sulfidic springs in Lower Kane Cave, Wyoming, were assessed with regard to bacterial diversity, community structure, and ecosystem function using a 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic approach combined with elemental content and stable carbon isotope ratio analyses. The most prevalent mat morphotype consisted of white filament bundles, with low C:N ratios (3.5–5.4) and high sulfur content (16.1–51.2%). White filament bundles and two other mat morphotypes had organic carbon isotope values (mean δ13C = −34.7‰, 1σ = 3.6) consistent with chemolithoautotrophic carbon fixation from a dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir (cave water, mean δ13C = −7.4‰ for two springs, n = 8). Bacterial diversity was low overall in the clone libraries, and the most abundant taxonomic group was affiliated with the “Epsilonproteobacteria” (68%), with other bacterial sequences affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria (12.2%), Betaproteobacteria (11.7%), Deltaproteobacteria (0.8%), and the Acidobacterium (5.6%) and Bacteriodetes/Chlorobi (1.7%) divisions. Six distinct epsilonproteobacterial taxonomic groups were identified from the microbial mats. Epsilonproteobacterial and bacterial group abundances and community structure shifted from the spring orifices downstream, corresponding to changes in dissolved sulfide and oxygen concentrations and metabolic requirements of certain bacterial groups. Most of the clone sequences for epsilonproteobacterial groups were retrieved from areas with high sulfide and low oxygen concentrations, whereas Thiothrix spp. and Thiobacillus spp. had higher retrieved clone abundances where conditions of low sulfide and high oxygen concentrations were measured. Genetic and metabolic diversity among the “Epsilonproteobacteria” maximizes overall cave ecosystem function, and these organisms play a significant role in providing chemolithoautotrophic energy to the otherwise nutrient-poor cave habitat. Our results demonstrate that sulfur cycling supports subsurface ecosystems through chemolithoautotrophy and expand the evolutionary and ecological views of “Epsilonproteobacteria” in terrestrial habitats.
The Impact of Trademarks and Advertisement Size on Yellow Page Call Rates

Split book yellow page tests randomly distribute different versions of the test advertisement in the same market at the same point in time allowing direct assessment of the customer pulling power of different sizes or types of yellow pages advertisements. Using the results from 78 split book tests, we find that including trademarks in small in-column yellow page advertisements can have a very strong influence on call rates. Partially confirming previous work, we also find that larger advertisements do generate more calls than smaller advertisements. However, the increase in call rates is not a straight line relationship.
Efficient parallel algorithms for edge coloring problems

Abstract We present efficient parallel algorithms for several edge coloring problems. For each of the problems that we considered all of the known efficient algorithms were highly sequential. We develop several techniques for exploiting the power of parallel processing in spite of the apparent “inherently” sequential nature of these problems. Classical graph theory results, due to Vizing and Shannon, respectively, state that simple graphs can be edge colored with Δ + 1 colors, and multigraphs can be edge colored with [ 3 Δ 2 ] colors. Furthermore, these results are tight, and there exist polynomial-time algorithms that find colorings using the prescribed number of colors. In this paper, we give NC algorithms for coloring multigraphs with 3[ Δ 2 ] colors and simple graphs which have Δ = O(logO(1)n) with Δ + 1 colors. In addition, we will present for each fixed positive ϵ ≤ 1 4 , a randomized NC algorithm that colors arbitrary simple graphs with Δ + O(Δ ( 1 2 +ϵ) ) colors.
Capillaries prepared from thin-walled heat-shrink poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) tubing for X-ray powder diffraction analysis

Thin-walled heat-shrink poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) tubing is reported for use as an alternative for glass and Kapton® capillaries. PET tubing displays properties such as low X-ray absorption and smooth diffraction profiles. The 2.0 mm thin-walled (0.05 mm thick) and 0.5 mm thin-walled (0.02 mm thick) heat-shrink PET capillaries are 86% and 96% transparent to 1.54 A X-rays. The low X-ray absorption and relatively smooth X-ray scattering profile of PET make it an ideal material for the home laboratory where the long wavelength, low flux, and low brilliance X-ray sources are employed. PET capillaries can be easily cut and manipulated and fixed to copper pins, which in turn can be employed in low-temperature and automated data collection routines.
Quantitative assessment of a field-based course on integrative geology, ecology and cultural history

A field-based course at the University of Arizona called Sense of Place (SOP) covers the geology, ecology and cultural history of the Tucson area. SOP was quantitatively assessed for pedagogical effectiveness. Students of the Spring 2008 course were given pre- and post-course word association surveys in order to assess awareness and comprehension of the geology, ecology and cultural history of the Tucson area. Students who had previously taken SOP (2005–2007) and students who had never taken SOP also completed the survey. The survey consisted of 12 stimulus terms, all of which represent concepts integral to an understanding of environmental geography of the Tucson area. The students wrote words that they associate with each stimulus term. Differences between the pre- and post-course responses showed clear improvement in awareness and comprehension of the geology, ecology and cultural history of the Tucson area. Results from students who took SOP in past years indicate that long-term retention of course co...
Expressive AI: A Hybrid Art and Science Practice

Expressive AI is a new interdiscipline of AI-based cultural production, combining art practice and AI-research practice. This article explores expressive AI by comparing it with other AI discourses, describing how it borrows notions of interpretation and authorship from both art and AI research practice and providing preliminary desiderata for the practice.
A mathematical framework for the automatic creation of artificial neural networks for course authoring systems

This article presents a mathematical algorithm that allows the automatic creation of artificial neural networks (ANN) for computerized training environments. The system, HIT, is a computerized training environment composed of five modules. Two modules, Tutorial and Course Author, are directly related to a learner's training. The three remaining modules, Trace Analyzer, ANNs Analyzer and Multidimensional Statistical Analysis, are directly related to the analysis of learner interaction. This article demonstrates the grafting of the mathematical algorithm for creating an ANN in the Tutorial module, using the Course Author module. In this way, the HIT environment allows the author to create course content without needing to know about ANN. As a number of learner types use HIT, the ANN must adapt itself accordingly.
Real-time feedback control using artificial magnetotaxis with rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) for Tetrahymena pyriformis as a microbiorobot

In this paper, we present a control strategy using real-time feedback combined with feasible path planning to manipulate a type of microorganism, Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. pyriformis), as a micro-bio-robot using artificial magnetotaxis. Artificially magnetotactic T. pyriformis cells were created by the internalization of iron oxide nano particles. Following the magnetization of the internalized particles, the cells become controllable using an external time-varying magnetic field. The behavior of artificially magnetotactic T. pyriformis under a magnetic field has been investigated in a manual control experiment. A feasible path planner called rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) and a feedback control scheme are implemented to guide the cell to a desired position and orientation. Since the motion of T. pyriformis is nonlinear like that of a car, combining the RRT and feedback control allows the cell to be controlled in 3-dimensional (x, y, ¸) space. In the results, real-time feedback control of T. pyriformis in 3-dimensional space demonstrated the potential of utilizing T. pyriformis as a micro-bio-robot for microscale tasks.
Computing camera positions from a multi-camera head

This paper presents a method of computing camera positions from a sequence of overlapping images obtained from a binocular/trinocular camera head. First, we find matching features among the images at each camera head position. Because the individual cameras are calibrated we can directly compute the 3D coordinates of these features using triangulation. Then we find matching features across adjacent images in the camera sequence. We compute the fundamental matrix between image pairs, and then the trilinear tensor between image triplets. The corresponding features that support the overlapping trilinear tensors are very reliable. Some of these matching features across the image sequence are also matching features among the images at each camera head location. This creates a potential set of matching 3D features between the adjacent images in the sequence. We compute the transformation between the camera positions in the image sequence using these matching 3D feature co-ordinates. Using multiple cameras has a number of advantages over computing the camera positions from a single camera. We directly obtain a Euclidean reconstruction of the camera path, we can reliably process very small motions, and there are no motion degeneracies.
A Pool Table, Irrational Numbers, and Integral Independence

A rectangular p × 2q pool table has pockets in every corner and in themiddle of each 2q-long side (see Figure 1.1). A ball is rolled from a corner pocket at a 45°. angle with respect to the side rails.
The Mirror Universes of East and West

The purpose and intent of this chapter is twofold: (a) define culture and (b) provide an explanatory framework that casts the East and West difference in cognitive styles as difference in rationality. I first define culture in terms of rationality, which refers to the mind’s function in the specific niche it is evolved for. Applying this formulation of culture to cross-cultural differences, I put forward two arguments: First, behind the garden variety of cross cultural differences lies one fundamental difference—that between relational and non-relational cognition. Second, using Bolender’s (The self-organizing social mind. The MIT Press, 2010) theory of symmetry and symmetry breaking as a coherent explanatory framework for cognition, I demonstrate how cultures that differentially privilege relational versus non-relational cognitions are mirror images, or yin and yang, to each other.
First World War and Downfall

Silesian soil remained free from direct enemy action throughout the four years of war while decisive battles were fought near Lodz and Warsaw. On November 5, 1916, in view of the approaching victory over czarist Russia, Germany and Austria issued a declaration concerning the erection of a kingdom of Poland and to that end organized a state council early in 1917. However, the growing influence of the Entente upon Poland caused the government under Paderewski to proclaim a republic in September 1918, and in December of the same year it broke off diplomatic relations with defeated Germany.
Improved Detection of Epileptic Foci with PET

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the usefulness of a normal reference value database for the detection of areas of abnormal regional cerebral glucose metabolism. The results of this quantitative analysis were compared to a qualitative analysis based only on the detection of left/right asymmetry. Methods: Ten patients with medically refractory partial complex epilepsy were studied. Metabolic rate images were generated from the patient’s plasma glucose level, FDG clearance in serial arteriolized venous blood samples and PET images calibrated to a well counter. Results: Using a threshold of greater than 20% left/right asymmetry, we found areas of hypometabolism in temporal regions of four patients. Using a threshold of 1.5 s.d. less than the mean normal value for a particular region, we found areas of hypometabolism in temporal regions of eight patients. Conclusion: We found that when images were evaluated based on a laboratory normal value database, we were able to detect twice as many areas of hypometabolism.
New models of hematogenous ovarian cancer metastasis demonstrate preferential spread to the ovary and a requirement for the ovary for abdominal dissemination

Emerging evidence suggest that many high-grade serous "ovarian" cancers (HGSOC) start in the fallopian tube. Cancer cells are then recruited to the ovary and then spread diffusely through the abdomen. The mechanism of ovarian cancer spread was thought to be largely due to direct shedding of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity with vascular spread being of limited importance. Recent work challenges this dogma, suggesting hematogenous spread of ovarian cancer may play a larger role in ovarian cancer cell metastasis than previously thought. One reason the role of vascular spread of ovarian cancer has not been fully elucidated is the lack of easily accessible models of vascular ovarian cancer metastasis. Here, we present 3 metastatic models of ovarian cancer which confirm the ability of ovarian cancer to hematogenously spread. Strikingly, we observe a high rate of metastasis to the ovary with the development of ascites in these models. Interestingly, oophorectomy resulted in a complete loss of peritoneal metastases and ascites. Taken together, our data indicate that hematogenously disseminated HGSOC cells have a unique tropism for the ovary and that hematogenous spread in ovarian cancer may be more common than appreciated. Furthermore, our studies support a critical role for the ovary in promoting HGSOC cell metastasis to the abdomen. The models developed here represent important new tools to evaluate both the mechanism of cancer cell recruitment to the ovary and understand and target key steps in ovarian cancer metastasis.
Wavelike Characteristics of Low Reynolds Number Aerodynamics

Experimental results reveal variance in drag along the span of an airfoil in low Reynolds number flow. Thi s investigation hypothesized that wave theory could describe these spanwise variations. A mathematical model of this spanwise variation was developed from an assumed spanwise velocity profile and conventional gravity wave velocity. This mathematical model was applied to a known experimental investigation and compared to those results. The results of these calculations demonstrated that using wave theory, a spanwise velocity results in measured spanwise drag variations similar to experimental results. This investigation showed strong evidence that spanwise variation in velocity profile demonstrate wavelike characteristics.
The right team at the right time - Multidisciplinary approach to multi-trauma patient with orthopedic injuries.

Integrated, multidisciplinary team approach to the multiply injured patient can help optimize care, minimize morbidity, and reduce mortality. It also provides a framework for accelerated postinjury rehabilitation course. The characteristics and potential benefits of this approach, including team dynamics and interactions, are discussed in this brief review. Emphasis is placed on synergies provided by specialty teams working together in the framework of care coordination, timing of surgical and nonsurgical interventions, and injury/physiologic considerations. Republished with permission from: Bach JA, Leskovan JJ, Scharschmidt T, Boulger C, Papadimos TJ, Russell S, Bahner DP, Stawicki SPA. Multidisciplinary approach to multi-trauma patient with orthopedic injuries: the right team at the right time. OPUS 12 Scientist 2012;6(1):6-10.
αs1-Casein Film Prepared Using Transglutaminase

Transglutaminase is a Ca2 +-dependent enzyme that covalently polymerizes proteins through the formation of e-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl cross-links. We have reported that highly concentrated protein solutions were firmly gelatinized by transglutaminase. The technique of gelation of an αs1-casein solution with transglutaminase was applied to the preparation of an αs1-casein film. The αs1-casein film obtained showed a high tensile strength (105 g/cm2) and strain (72%). It was insoluble in water, 10% 2-mercaptoethanol, 6.6 m urea, 10% SDS and 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. Even if it was diluted with water and then heated at 100°C for 10 min, it remained insoluble. However, it was gradually hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin. These results suggest the usefulness of the αs1-casein film as a supporting material of immobilized enzymes, a medical polymer and an edible film.
INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY: SOME TEXTS AND METHODS OF INTEGRATIVE STUDY

The development of the integrative dimensions of physiology will require texts and forms of study that differ from those to which we have become accustomed in the areas of specialization. The following two types of texts lie at the heart of integrative study: framework statements and case histories. Framework statements are scientific aphorisms that summarize integrative insights; ordered chains of these statements form conceptual frameworks that stimulate integrative dialogue and thought. Case histories are stories that portray the events in the life of a living being, generally human. The nature of these texts, how framework statements are created, and methods of how texts of this kind may be used in group dialogues are discussed.