cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-pinhole collimator optimization for high resolution SPECT imaging

Recent studies show Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI to have high sensitivity for detecting and differentiating tumor from benign lesions in the breast. A study was conducted to optimize the design of a multi-pinhole collimator for high spatial resolution SPECT imaging of the breast to detect small tumors (0.5/spl times/0.5 cm). High sensitivity is achieved by using multiple pinholes, and rotating the camera 90-180 degrees around the breast. Monte Carlo simulation studies and analytical methods are applied to determine the number of holes, hole position, hole aperture size, conical field of view, and focal length of the collimator to optimize spatial resolution and sensitivity for breast imaging. Shielding is optimized to accommodate an energy range of 50-511 keV. An image reconstruction algorithm for cone beam imaging geometry for rotating single pinhole SPECT will be modified to accommodate simultaneous imaging from multiple pinholes with limited angular sampling. Special emphasis is placed on evaluation of imaging with small pinhole apertures (1-2 mm diameter), that are required to achieve the resolution of 3-7 mm at the distance of 10-15 cm with radionuclides having energies /spl les/140 keV. Complete 360/spl deg/ acquisition of the breast tumor model was simulated to study the artifacts in reconstructed images due to limited angle acquisition and to select an optimal reconstruction algorithm.
A new FET-based integrated circuit technology: the SASSFET

The super self-aligned submicron single-metal FET (SASSFET), a FET-based integrated circuit technology suitable for fabrication of high-speed GaAs and InP circuits, is demonstrated. With nonalloyed source and drain contacts realized by MOCVD regrowth, the SASSFET is a uniform, dense, selfaligned, single-metal technology that achieves submicron dimensions with optical lithography. A 0.4 /spl mu/m gate length junction HFET fabricated with the SASSFET technology has a transconductance of 380 mS/mm and a good high-frequency performance with f/sub /spl tau// of 45 GHz and f/sub max/ of 80 GHz.
Epigenetic interactions between transposons and genes: lessons from plants

Transposons replicate, increase in copy number and persist in nature by moving, but insertion into genes is generally mutagenic. There is thus a strong selection for transposons that can achieve a balance between their own replication and minimal damage to their host. Epigenetic regulation proves to be a widespread way to achieve this balance, quieting transposition on the one hand, yet reversible on the other. As our understanding of epigenetics improves, the subtleties and the scope of how transposons can affect gene expression, both directly and indirectly, are becoming clearer.
Instrumented PVP‐Augmented Antiglobulin Tests

. 34 patients found to have positive direct antiglobulin tests were divided into 3 classes: (1) no evidence of active acquired hemolytic anemia (AHA); (2) active warm AHA, and (3) active cold AHA. Of 16 patients in the first category, 4 had multiple myeloma, but 10 others showed IgG alone with both x- and Λ-Iight chains, and 2 others showed both IgG and IgA. None showed C3 or C4. Three patterns of warm AHA were observed: (1) monoclonal IgG without complement; (2) IgA or IgD with C3 but not C4, and (3) multiple immunoglobulins, C3, and C4. In the last group of patients, IgM appeared to be responsible for both PVP-mediated agglutination and fixation at the red cell surface of complement components. The red cells of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and of IgM cold agglutinin disease carried both C4 and C3, but the cells of cold agglutinin disease also carried IgG and IgA. Two cases of mixed cryoglobulin cold agglutinin disease had corresponding immunoglobulins on their red cells plus C3 and C4, and specificity (anti-i and anti-N) was carried by IgG.
Zero Sum Trees: A Survey of Results and Open Problems

This is an expository paper which surveys results related to the recent confirmation of the zero-sum-tree conjecture by Z. Furedi and D. Kleitman. The author believes that trees play a major role in zero-sum Ramsey theory. He makes some observations that may lead in the far future to very general theorems and presents a collection of fifteen conjectures attributed to various people. Some of the conjectures have already appeared in print but most of them are new.
Water-based Engineering & Fabrication: Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials

In nature, water assembles basic molecules into complex multi-functional structures with nano-to-macro property variation. Such processes generally consume low amounts of energy, produce little to no waste, and take advantage of ambient conditions. In contrast digital manufacturing platforms are generally characterized as uni-functional, wasteful, fuel-based and often toxic. In this paper we explore the role of water in biological construction and propose an enabling technology modeled after these findings. We present a water-based fabrication platform tailored for 3-D printing of water-based composites and regenerated biomaterials such as chitosan, cellulose or sodium alginate for the construction of highly sustainable products and building components. We demonstrate that water-based fabrication of biological materials can be used to tune mechanical, chemical and optical properties of aqueous material composites. The platform consists of a multi-nozzle extrusion system attached to a multi-axis robotic arm designed to additively fabricate extrusion-compatible gels with graded properties. Applications of the composites include small and medium-scale recyclable objects, as well as temporary largescale architectural structures.
Evaluation of very important person (VIP) policy to include victims of violence.

Hospitals in low crime areas, believed to be far removed from gang activity, might suddenly be involved in a gang shooting situation for which their staffs are ill-prepared, as the author relates. He describes the need to have a policy in place in advance of a gang victim arriving at your ED to avoid situations where staff and patients are put in danger. The article presents the highlights of a policy developed by his hospital after an unlooked for event. Language: en
It's an Odd Choice: Pension Conformity or Independent Elections

Wright examines California legislation that would conform to pension changes included in the federal Economic Growth and Tax Reconciliation Act of 2001. In the Legislature, the attempt to conform to the pension changes has been linked to a provision requiring companies to make the same elections for California tax purposes as for federal tax purposes. Many corporate lobbyists oppose the latter change. Wright explains the possible consequences of the election change proposal.
Polypectomy is adequate treatment for adenoma-like dysplastic lesions (DALMs) in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the clinical and pathologic features and outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease with an adenoma-like dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALMs) to determine if polypectomy is adequate treatment. METHODS The clinical, endoscopic and pathologic features, and outcomes of 50 patients with Crohn's disease, each with ≥1 adenoma-like DALM were evaluated. The median length of follow-up was 39 months (range: 0.5-156 months). RESULTS Of the 50 patients with Crohn's disease (male to female ratio, 30:20; median age: 53 years; median duration of disease: 83 months), 11 had ileal disease, 26 had colonic disease, and 13 had both ileal and colonic disease. Approximately 43% of polyps occurred within areas of previous or concurrent colitis, whereas 57% occurred in areas not previously involved by colitis. Most polyps had tubular architecture and contained low-grade dysplasia. Of the patients who had polypectomy followed by surveillance, 45% developed new adenoma-like DALMs, but none developed flat dysplasia and only 1 had adenocarcinoma at the time of resection, which was within 3 months of polypectomy. There were no differences in the clinical or pathologic features or outcomes in patients who had adenoma-like DALMs within versus outside areas of previous or concurrent colitis, except that the former showed a higher risk of developing new polyps within areas of colitis and near the site of the original polyp compared with the latter. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Crohn's disease who develop an adenoma-like DALM, regardless of its location in relationship to previous or concurrent colitis, may be treated safely with polypectomy and continued surveillance.
Interpreting gas-saturation vapor-pressure measurements using virial coefficients derived from molecular models

We calculate virial coefficients of gas mixtures to demonstrate their use for interpreting gas-saturation measurements of the vapor pressure of low-volatility compounds. We obtain coefficients from molecular models, via calculation of Mayer integrals that rigorously connect the models and the coefficients. We examine He, CO2, N2, and SF6 as carrier gases, and n-C14H30 and n-C20H42 as prototype low-volatility compounds, considering both united-atom (UA) and explicit-hydrogen (EH) alkane models for them. Both the pure virial coefficients of every species and the cross-coefficients of each gas with n-C20H42 are calculated up to third order; cross-coefficients of SF6 with n-C14H30 and all EH-based coefficients are given only to second order. Using these coefficients, we calculate corrections to the vapor pressure of n-C20H42 at 323.15 K for all four carrier gases. With the corrections, the derived vapor pressures in He, CO2, and N2 carrier gases are in excellent agreement, resolving most of the variation obse...
The Hollowing of American Public Administration

Effectively linking public administration theory to practical relevance has proven a difficult task. We argue, however, that the theory–practice conundrum is but a symptom of a more fundamental problem in public administration: the hollowing out of the field. Despite research advances, hollowing occurs because of the field’s conceptually muddled and decontextualized normative pillars, problematic macrodynamic foundations, and imbalanced scaffolding for integrating its multiple research narratives and methodologies efficaciously for both scholars and practitioners. To illustrate our points, we first critique the logic and empirical basis of two major pillars of public administration: efficiency and social equity. We then show how and why the field also has problematic macrodynamic foundations due to its failure to incorporate important developments in cognate fields related to administrative history, contexts, and processes. We next offer a problem-centered organizational framework for the field to help ad...
Comparative analysis of CDC VCT active and passive consultation HIV screening positve in Zhejiang in 2001

Objective In order to understand CDC VCT current situation in Zhejiang,finding out problems and improving capacity of VCT in HIV/AIDS prevention and control,the data of VCT consultants from CDC in 2011 were analyzed.Methods Through download Zhejiang VCT data from China National HIV/AIDS database in 2011,the CDC data was selected and sampling by active and passive consultation.The data was analyzed by Chi-square method by 17.0 SPSS software.Statistical analysis was carried by SPSS 17.0 software.Results According to the statistical analysis resutls,active consultants HIV screening positive rate is higher than passive,male active consulting awareness is higher than female;upper educational consultants are higher than lower level;HIV screening positive rate in 50 and upper years old consultants are higher than other age groups of consultants,number of proactive consultants and HIV screening positive active consultants are higher than passive consultants.Conclusions Several aspects need to be considered: 1.Enhancing positive counseling awareness in female;2.Enhancing lower education level people positive counseling awareness;3.Enhancing drug users especially the new drug users positive counseling awareness;4.Enhancing people over 50 year old intervention;5.Enhancing provincial VCT service capacity.
Application of 3D Assembly Process in Hydraulic Drill

Hydraulic drilling power head assembly is complicated in structure,its assembly process design is difficult.The 3D assembly process design technology is applied to drilling rig power head assembly.Based on the actual application requirement,the3Dassembly process is designed,and the key technique is analyzed,so as to ensure the implementation of the 3Dassembly technology.
Space and structure in Polynesia: instantiated spatial logic in American Sāmoa

ABSTRACTThis study examines the intersections of spatial logic and archaeology in the Sāmoan Archipelago of Polynesia. These islands provide model systems for understanding social space given their small size and bounded nature. We argue that spatial logic, defined as group conceptualization of space or shared orientations, contributes to the patterning of archaeological remains in Sāmoa. The building of architectural structures and the cultural structuring of space can also be seen as political negotiation, even though the ideal spatial distribution is never met. While shared general patterns of spatial orientation may be identified across wide regions, it is also important to understand the development of spatial logic in the archaeological record as active processes embedded within historical context.
Sanctified Sisters: Aphra Behn and the Culture of Nonconformity

Unlike the “religious Mrs. Mary Speke,”2 who sought out conventicles in her native Somerset, the cosmopolitan poet and playwright in London, Aphra Behn was unlikely to have ever attended or observed a Dissenting meeting. Her poem, “On a Conventicle,” derives, it seems, from her own fertile imagination as well as from the rich stock of satiric images of Puritans that harkened back to the time of Elizabeth I. Behn’s poetic pairing of Dissent with treason and civil strife was, of course, very much an outgrowth of the Civil Wars when religious dissidents in large numbers sided with Parliament against the King. Sour memories of the violence and chaos of those years were still fresh during the Restoration and, as we have seen, oppositional politics and religious nonconformity were still intertwined in the years following Charles II’s return. While this linkage was exaggerated in royalist propaganda, it existed nonetheless, and in the very heady years of the 1680s, the visibility of Dissenting politicians and preachers involved in Whig politics, often in its most radical forms, was right before all eyes. Parliamentary politics, street demonstrations, coffee house and tavern talk as well as the press, the pulpit, the court room, and the stage were all filled with the noise of partisan politics.
TERNARY COMPLEXES OF HORSE-LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE, OXIDIZED COENZYME AND FATTY-ACID AMIDES†

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on ternary complexes of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase, oxidized coenzyme, and fatty-acid amides. This report describes direct evidence for the formation of LADH-NAD+ amide ternary complexes and indicates that these complexes differ from the LADH-NADH-amide complexes spectrally and fluorimetrically, as well as in their kinetics of formation, dissociation constants and reactivity with pMB. Differences in the reactivity of the two complexes with respect to pMB can also be demonstrated. The observation that the dissociation constants for isobutyramide are about 10 times greater than those determined for n-butyramide and n-hexamide is consistent with the report that isobutyraldehyde is a poorer substrate for LADH than either n-butyraldehyde or n-hexaldehyde. The relative slow rate of formation of the ternary LADH-NAD+-amide ternary complex would further indicate that its interference on initial velocity measurements, in which amide is used as substrate inhibitor.
A Process for Curricular Improvement Based on Evaluation of Student Performance on Milestone Examinations

Objective. To identify and address areas for curricular improvement by evaluating student achievement of expected learning outcomes and competencies on annual milestone examinations.Design. Students were tested each professional year with a comprehensive milestone examination designed to evaluate student achievement of learning outcomes and professional competencies using a combination of multiple-choice questions, standardized patient assessments (SPAs), and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) questions.Assessment. Based on student performance on milestone examinations, curricular changes were instituted, including an increased emphasis on graded comprehensive cases, OSCE skills days, and use of patient simulation in lecture and laboratory courses. After making these changes, significant improvements were observed in second and third-year pharmacy students’ grades for the therapeutic case and physician interaction/errors and omissions components of the milestone examinations.Conclusion. Resu...
The Challenge of Studying the Behavioral Effects of Neuropeptides

All behavior is thought to be a reflection of brain function, while brain function is believed to be the end result of interneuronal communication (Kandel, 1981). Thus, nerve impulse conduction and synaptic transmission provide the essential means for rapid and precise neuronal communication at all levels of the nervous system which can result in control of behavioral function.
Tritium Production and Partitioning from the Irradiation of Lithium-Beryllium Fluoride Salt

AbstractThe MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory (NRL) has irradiated lithium-beryllium fluoride (flibe) salt as part of an on-going U.S. Department of Energy-funded Integrated Research Project to develop a Fluoride Salt High-Temperature Reactor (FHR). As part of this project, the NRL has carried out two irradiations of FHR materials in static flibe at 700°C in the MIT Research Reactor. These irradiations marked the start of a program evaluating the tritium production and release from the fluoride salt system at high temperature; in particular, there is interest in the evolution of tritium from the salt into solid materials and cover gasses. This paper describes the experience gained from the irradiation of flibe with respect to the detection of tritium. It covers the development of techniques for monitoring the evolution of tritium from the salt during irradiation and the factors particular to the FHR system that influence this process, including the radiolytic production and release of volatile fluorine and f...
Parallel Guidewire Angioplasty

Some stenotic lesions are extremely resistant to dilataion. Techniques used to "cut" the lesion and render it more amenable to treatment have been described to use in these instances. This chapter discusses one such technique.
Speech against Separation: Language and National Enmity in Graham Greene's BROTHER

Nationality and national languages continue to be divisive topics on a global scale. This work looks at the creation of these divisions within Graham Greene's “Brother.” Instead of supporting these...
Realism, in Applied Research

Realism is a philosophy of science that, in its many varieties, seeks to provide adequate justification for believing that (1) the commonsense, everyday world we experience is more or less how the world really is and (2) our understanding of this world has improved across the millennia and can be expected to continue to improve, both with regard to the structures in our world (e.g., subatomic particles, as well as social structures) and the processes (e.g., underlying causal mechanisms). While most social and behavioral scientists are realists in this sense, it has proven difficult for philosophers to explicate coherent realist philosophies that can withstand criticism. As a result, there have been dozens of variants of realism proposed over the past two centuries, with the changes over time instructive for the future of realist philosophies and the implications for conducting productive social and behavioral research. One development in recent decades has been greater understanding of how humans make sense of the world, informing what has been called ‘naturalized epistemology’ with an explosion of cognitive and neuroscience knowledge. This, in turn, has resulted in some realist philosophers revisiting American pragmatism and promoting revised pragmatist theories that offer clearer support for social and behavioral sciences.
Rituals, Culture and Economics

It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the origin of most customs. When a practice persists after its original purpose has ceased, the practice gains ritualistic or cultural status. Original motivations for a custom are frequently obscured by mythological, religious, ritualistic, and secular rationalizations. For example, if asked, few Jews would know the origin of its emblematic symbol, the Star of David. Given its Hebrew name, Shield of David, most Jews likely associate it with King David’s shield; when in fact, its use only traces to about the twelfth century. Most Christians would have a similar problem if asked the origin of the Cross as their emblematic symbol; this too was introduced later in Christian history. The point is, all cultures have customs that they cannot, ipso facto, explain or defend but to which they are committed. The practice of circumcision be it ritual, cultural, or trendy, exemplifies this social characteristic.
Crack propagation modeling

Fracture-related damage is estimated at more than $10 billion annually in the United States. It is a major safety concern for airline industries, electric utilities, off-shore oil recovery operations, and many other industries. Computational simulation of crack propagation should be useful for the analysis of existing problems, and for the design of structures more resistant to failure. However, the finite element method requires a difficult and time consuming rediscretization of the entire volume as the crack evolves, and the standard “multidomain” boundary integral approach also suffers from remeshing problems. On October 15, 1993 Leonard J. Gray from Oak Ridge National Laboratory presented a boundary integral algorithm which only requires remeshing of the crack surface. This method is based upon employing the hypersingular integral equation for surface traction in conjunction with the original boundary integral relation for surface displacement. He discussed the computation of the strongly singular terms, and presented some applications. This is ongoing work with A.R. Ingraffea, L.F. Martha, E.D. Lutz, P.A. Wawrzynck and D.O. Potyondy from Cornell; much of it appeared in [1] and [2].
Fate of human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto layers of human Bruch's membrane.

PURPOSE To determine the fate of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells seeded onto different layers of human Bruch's membrane (BM). METHODS Bruch's membrane explants were prepared from 16 human cadaver eyes (7 eyes age 50 years) by removing native RPE cells with ammonium hydroxide to expose the RPE cell basal lamina (BL). The inner collagenous layer (ICL) and elastin layer (EL) were exposed by removing apical layers sequentially by mechanical and enzymatic means. Synchronized first passage human RPE cells (15,000 cells/(6-mm-diameter explant) were plated onto each layer of human BM. The RPE cell reattachment and apoptosis rates at 24 hours, proliferation rates and mitotic index 24 hours after growth stimulation, and the ability of RPE cells to repopulate the explant surface were determined on each layer. RESULTS RPE cell reattachment was highest on BL but decreased on deeper layers of BM. The apoptosis rate of attached cells increased as deeper layers of BM were exposed. The proliferation rate and mitotic index of the grafted cells were higher on BL than on deeper layers. RPE cells plated onto BL repopulated the explant surface within 14 +/- 3 days, whereas cells plated onto the ICL and EL eventually died and never reached confluence. CONCLUSIONS The fate of RPE cells seeded onto BM depends on the ultrastructural layer of BM available for reattachment. These findings suggest that the ability of transplanted RPE cells to repopulate bare BM will depend on the layer of BM available for RPE cell reattachment.
Contribution, Not Indemnity: A Reply To Ed Cooper

Section 24 of the proposed new Restatement (Third) Of Torts provides for joint and several liability when a tortfeasor is liable for negligently failing to protect a plaintiff from the specific risk of an intentional tort, even in a jurisdiction that has otherwise abandoned joint and several liability. In this essay, Professor William Powers considers whether one who negligently failed to prevent a tort should have the right to indemnification from an intentional tortfeasor. Arguing there should be no right to indemnification, Professor Powers responds to an essay by Professor Edward Cooper that also is found on www.LegalEssays.com.
Importance of Penile Arterial Pulse Sound Examination in Impotence

AbstractExperience with the Doppler ultrasound examination of penile arteries in 93 impotent men is presented. The technique for this examination is a simple, reliable, inexpensive office procedure for the detection of penile arterial obstruction in patients with impotence. With this test 44 per cent of impotent men were found to have obstructive blood flow in the penis as the cause of impotence. A 95 per cent accuracy rate with this technique was confirmed by penile angiography in 22 patients.Since impotence is a common problem facing the clinicians it is important to detect penile arterial disease—a main causal agent of many impotent men.
Diffusion und Implementation strategischer Logistikziele — durch „Target“-Controlling?

Die Entwicklung des Controlling von einem relativ formalen, auf die Funktion des „Monitoring“ und „Performance-Finetuning“ abzielenden Instrument zu einem machtigen Hilfsmittel strategischer Unternehmensfuhrung ist noch nicht abgeschlossen. Zunachst ist daher das Potential des konsequent zielorientierten Controlling („Target-Controlling“) fur die erfolgreiche unternehmensweite Verbreitung logistischen Denkens und Handelns und damit fur den Erfolg logistikbasierter Unternehmensstrategien zu erortern.
Scintillation Monitoring and Feature Analysis Using Multi-Frequency GNSS Receivers

AScintillationMonitoringandFeatureAnalysis. In this presentation, we will discuss three distinctive yet inter-related effort aimed at achieving this objective. First, we will summarize our efforts in develop technologies that ensure robust operations and accurate capturing of the scintillation signal parameters at multiple frequency GNSS carriers. We will highlight an adaptive inter-frequency aiding algorithm. The algorithm utilizes the dispersive nature of ionospheric scintillation effects to adaptively adjust each carrier phase lock loop feedback process to optimize the control based on multiple carrier tracking loop outputs. It has demonstrated to be able to successfully maintain lock of strong scintillation signals at low latitudes.
A Characterization of the U( Ω, m) Sets of a Hyperelliptic Curve as Ω and m Vary

In this chapter, we consider a certain distinguished set U( Ω, m) ⊆{1, 2, …, 2g + 1, ∞} that can be attached to a marked hyperelliptic curve of genus g equipped with a small period matrix Ω for its polarized Jacobian. We show that as Ω and the marking m vary, this set ranges over all possibilities prescribed by an argument of Poor.
Understand the Multi-Level Effects of the Built Environment on Trip-Chaining Behavior:

The debate on the effects of the built environment (BE) on travel behavior has been ongoing despite a large number of studies completed in the past three decades. This study aims to inform the deba...
Comparisons within a single social formation: A critical appreciation of Perry Anderson's Lineages of the Absolutist State

Perry Anderson's Lineages of the Absolutist State uses a comparative and narrative historical method to reconceive the social dynamic of late feudalism. Anderson explains differences in economic development among European countries by comparing class dynamics within a single social formation: the absolutist state. This article makes explicit the factorial analysis implicit in Anderson's case studies, and highlights the ways in which Lineages overcomes the logical flaws in much previous work. Anderson's inability to explain why some absolutist states ended in bourgeois revolutions exposes the ultimate limitations of Marxian categories for explaining the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Anderson fails to take full advantage of the analytical possibilities opened by his reconceptualization of absolutism. His schema allows for complexity within absolutism. This article concludes by showing that such complexity can be understood better in terms of a double dynamic of elite and class conflict rather than with just the class categories employed by Anderson.
9 – Testing Hypotheses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the underlying statistical principles and develops some useful techniques. A hypothesis can be formulated in the framework of the model and the available data must be used either to accept or reject the hypothesis. There are two types of statistical hypotheses. The hypothesis can specify the parameters completely; it is then called a simple hypothesis. Alternatively, it is possible that a hypothesis does not determine uniquely the parameters; in this case, it is said to be a composite hypothesis. The nonparametric methods consider the problem of deciding whether two frequency functions are identical. This decision is made on the basis of two samples of equal size n.
Assata’s escape as disincarceral practice:

Often carceral studies tends to focus on the prison as a mode of stationary confinement, sometimes forgetting that its rationales and practices are based crucially in movement. This is especially t...
Emergency Department Utilization for Patients Living With Sickle Cell Disease: Psychosocial Predictors of Health Care Behaviors.

Study objective Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) often require urgent care; however, some patients hesitate to present to the emergency department (ED), which may increase the risk of serious clinical complications. Our study aims to examine psychosocial, clinical, and demographic factors associated with delaying ED care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 267 adults with SCD from the national INSIGHTS Study. The binary outcome variable asked whether, in the past 12 months, participants had delayed going to an ED when they thought they needed care. Logistic regression was performed with clinical, demographic, and psychosocial measures. Results Approximately 67% of the participants reported delaying ED care. Individuals who delayed care were more likely to have reported higher stigma experiences (odds ratio [OR]=1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 to 1.16), more frequent pain episodes (OR=1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32), lower health care satisfaction (OR= 0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94), and more frequent ED visits (OR=6.07; 95% CI 1.18 to 31.19). Disease severity and demographics, including sex, age, and health insurance status, were not significantly associated with delay in care. Conclusion Psychosocial factors, including disease stigma and previous negative health care experiences, are associated with delay of ED care in this SCD cohort. There is a need to further investigate the influence of psychosocial factors on the health care–seeking behaviors of SCD patients, as well as the downstream consequences of these behaviors on morbidity and mortality. The resulting knowledge can contribute to efforts to improve health care experiences and patient-provider relationships in the SCD community.
General Guidelines for Planning and Implementing ACCESS

This chapter provides general guidelines for planning and implementing ACCESS. The planning section includes a description of the qualifications necessary for serving as a group leader or mentor in the program. As with any other psychosocial treatment, it is important to ensure that ACCESS is clinically indicated for any given student. Thus, characteristics of students for whom ACCESS may or may not be appropriate are discussed. Because there can be variation in the academic calendar year from one college or university to the next, issues related to the timing of when to implement ACCESS are addressed. Featured in the implementation section of this chapter are clinical guidelines that can be applied to any portion of the treatment program. This includes a detailed description of the therapeutic process issues that guide a group leader or mentor through their respective treatment sessions. Also presented are detailed suggestions for allocating session time; coordinating delivery of the group and mentoring components; discussing confidentiality issues; scheduling guest speakers from campus support units; handling missed appointments; distributing session handouts; and using components of ACCESS.
Treatment selection and survival outcomes in Early-Stage peripheral T-Cell lymphomas: does anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation impact the benefit of consolidative radiotherapy?

The role of consolidative radiotherapy (RT) is less substantiated in uncommon peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation sub-categorizes PTCLs, with ALK (+) havi...
The disappearance of butterflies: by Josef H. Reichholf, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2021, 256 pp., £ 25 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-5095-3979-6

In the last 50 years, German moth and butterfly populations seem to have declined by more than 80% (for most other insects up to 96%). This is the sombre starting point for biologist, environmental...
The effectiveness of technology delivered instruction in teaching Human Resource Management

Abstract In this study, the effectiveness of a technology delivered instruction (TDI), the Human Resource Management simulation, was investigated using a within-subjects design. Sixty-nine upper level undergraduate management students at a mid-Atlantic university in the U.S. completed the Human Resource Competency measure twice, once at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Their HR competency improved by 40% at the end of the semester. In addition, the gain in HR competency was positively related to both HRM simulation and HR exam performance. However, student reaction to the simulation in terms of their post-training self-efficacy was not related to the HRM simulation performance. Female students performed significantly lower than did male students on the HRM simulation suggesting that females might be disadvantaged in the increasing popularity of TDI in higher education and industry human resource training and development. Discussion was offered in relation to competency-based teaching practices and future research.
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and umbilical cord blood: The Healthy Start study.

Abstract Background Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Inflammation has been proposed as a potential link. We estimated associations between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and cord blood. We evaluated whether maternal inflammation was associated with infant outcomes. Methods Among 515 mother-infant dyads in the Healthy Start study (2009–2014), trimester-long, 7- and 30-day average concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) during pregnancy were estimated, using inverse-distance-weighted interpolation. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured in maternal blood in mid-pregnancy (C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin [IL]-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]) and in cord blood at delivery (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and TNFα). We used linear regression to estimate associations between pollutants and inflammatory biomarkers and maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant weight and body composition. Results There were positive associations between PM2.5 during certain exposure periods and maternal IL-6 and TNFα. There were negative associations between recent O3 and maternal CRP, IL-6, and TNFα and positive associations between trimester-long O3 exposure and maternal inflammatory biomarkers, though some 95% confidence intervals included the null. Patterns were inconsistent for associations between PM2.5 and O3 and cord blood inflammatory biomarkers. No consistent associations between maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant outcomes were identified. Conclusions Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may impact maternal inflammation. Further investigations should examine the health consequences for women and infants of elevated inflammatory biomarkers associated with air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
Aspirin at 120: Retiring, recombining, or repurposing?

During the past 20 years, we have witnessed the following trends in aspirin usage: (i) a "dropping" trend, characterized by the early discontinuation of low-dose aspirin from dual antiplatelet therapy or triple antithrombotic therapy (oral anticoagulation plus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation) following an acute coronary syndrome or after percutaneous coronary intervention; (ii) a "combinatorial" trend, featuring the addition of a lower dose of a P2Y12 inhibitor or direct oral anticoagulant drug to low-dose aspirin for the long-term treatment of stable patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; and (iii) a "repurposing" trend, characterized by growing interest in the oncologic community to assess the chemopreventive effect of aspirin against certain types of cancers (particularly of the gastrointestinal tract), both as primary prevention and adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review is to present the mechanistic rationale underlying these trends, discuss the design and findings of trials testing novel treatments or new therapeutic applications of aspirin, and report on the ISTH Congress results on this topic.
CHAPTER 47 – HIV-1-Related Thrombocytopenia

Human immonodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 seropositive individuals (homosexuals,1 intravenous (IV) narcotic addicts,2 hemophiliacs,3 and their heterosexual partners4) develop chronic immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). Thethrombocytopenia can present in association with AIDS or in its absence. The disease is clinically indistinguishable from classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) seen predominantly in females, with respect to increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral destruction of antibody-coated platelets or impaired platelet production, negative antinuclear antibody, and response to prednisone, IV gamma globulin, or splenectomy. The disease is different from classic ATP with respect to the markedly increased platelet-associated IgG, C3C4, the presence of circulating immune complexes, and the male predominance. Studies reveal the presence of a unique anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody capable of fragmenting platelets in the absence of complement by the induction of reactive oxygen species.
A Cognitive SAT to SAT-Hard Clause Translation-based Logic Obfuscation

Logic obfuscation is introduced as a pivotal defense mechanism against emerging hardware threats on Integrated Circuits (ICs) such as reverse engineering (RE) and intellectual property (IP) theft. The effectiveness of logic obfuscation is challenged by recently introduced Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attack and it's variants. A plethora of counter measures have been proposed to thwart the SAT attacks. Irrespective of the implemented defenses, large power, performance and area (PPA) overheads are seen to be indispensable. In contrast, we propose a neural network-based cognitive SAT to SAT-hard clause translator under the constraints of minimal PPA overheads while preserving the original functionality with impenetrable security. Our proposed method is incubated with a SAT-hard clause generator that translates the existing conjunctive normal form (CNF) through minimal perturbations such as inclusion of pair of inverters or buffers or adding new lightweight SAT-hard block depending on the provided CNF. For efficient SAT-hard clause generation, the proposed method is equipped with a multi-layer neural network that first learns the dependencies of features (literals and clauses), followed by a long-short-term-memory (LSTM) network to validate and backpropagate the SAT-hardness for better learning and translation. For a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art, we evaluate our proposed technique on ISCAS'85 benchmarks. It is seen to successfully defend against multiple state-of-the-art SAT attacks devised for hardware RE. In addition, we also evaluate our proposed technique's empirical performance against MiniSAT, Lingeling and Glucose SAT solvers that form the base for numerous existing deobfuscation SAT attacks.
Ability of the Functional Assessment in Acute Care Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Test (FAMCAT) to Predict Discharge to Institutional Post-Acute Care.

Structured Abstract Objective To characterize the ability of the patient-reported Functional Assessment in Acute Care Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Test (FAMCAT) domains to predict discharge disposition when administered during acute care stays. Design Cohort Study. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the ability of FAMCAT domains to predict discharge to an institution for post-acute care (PAC). Setting Academic Medical Center Participants Patients admitted to General Medicine Services from June 2016 to June 2019, n = 4,240 Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) discharge to an institution Results In this sample, 10.5% of patients were discharged to an institution for rehabilitation versus home. FAMCAT domain scores were highly predictive of discharge to institutional PAC. Daily Activity and Basic Mobility domains had excellent discriminative ability for discharge to an institution (c-statistic 0.83 and 0.87, respectively). In best fit models accounting for additional characteristics, discrimination was outstanding for Daily Activity (c-statistic 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94) and Basic Mobility (c-statistic 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94). Conclusion(s) The FAMCAT Daily Activity and Mobility domains demonstrated excellent discrimination for identifying patients who discharged to an institutional setting for rehabilitation, and outstanding discrimination when adjusted for salient patient factors associated with discharge disposition. Estimates obtained in this investigation are comparable to the best discrimination achieved with clinician-rated measures to identify patients who would require institutional PAC.
The Anomalies and Local Structure of Liquid Water from Many-Body Molecular Dynamics Simulations

For the last 50 years, researchers have sought molecular models that can accurately reproduce water’s microscopic structure and thermophysical properties across broad ranges of its complex phase diagram. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations with the many-body MB-pol model are performed to monitor the thermodynamic response functions and local structure of liquid water from the boiling point down to deeply supercooled temperatures at ambient pressure. The isothermal compressibility and isobaric heat capacity show maxima at ~223 K, in excellent agreement with recent experiments, and the liquid density exhibits a minimum at ~208 K. Furthermore, a local tetrahedral arrangement, where each water molecule accepts and donates two hydrogen bonds, is the most probable hydrogen-bonding topology at all temperatures. This work suggests that MB-pol may provide predictive capability for studies of liquid water’s physical properties across broad ranges of thermodynamic states.
Post-Feminist Puritanism: Teaching (and Learning from) The Lowell Offering in the 21st Century

Based on an analysis of classroom discussions and online reading responses, this essay explores how an all-women group of University of Pittsburgh undergraduates responded to The Lowell Offering, a collection of writings by mid-19th century women textile workers. While Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg equates “leaning in” to claim one’s place in the male-dominated corporate world with youthful feminist success, what to make of the inspiration these ambitious women students found in puritanical representations of self-sacrificial factory girls? Far from being a sign of substantive progress in women’s rights, the author argues that the “post-feminist” discursive environment shaping these students’ sense of themselves as twenty-first century women workers is rather a symptom of the mutually reinforcing relationship between neoliberal market imperatives and traditional femininity.
Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Etiology and Evaluation

Numerous gender-specific etiologies are responsible for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). BOO may be induced by specific functional and anatomic causes. The resulting obstruction frequently produces lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Categorizing and understanding these entities is crucial when proceeding with a LUTS evaluation as specific diagnostic modalities may then be used to fully delineate the degree of BOO and any secondary issues. Although urodynamic evaluation and pressure flow evaluation is the gold standard diagnostic tool, other modalities may also be used, including post void residual analysis, urinary flow rates, cystoscopy, and selected radiologic ones. Patient self-appraisal of symptoms using various inventories such as the American Urologic Association Symptom Index or the International Prostate Symptom Score is relevant to the initial assessment and subsequent longitudinal follow up. Analysis of secondary symptoms of obstruction in women is often performed using a subjective symptom appraisal and is determined urodynamically, assessing the pressure-flow relation during voiding. The complete assessment of LUTS arising from BOO often includes several of these modalities to fully define the obstructive impact on the individual's urinary function and quality of life.
Classical Energy and Capacity

Consider a distribution of positive and negative electric charges on ℝ3 and the electrostatic potential induced by this charge. By definition of a conductor, if A is a connected conducting body in ℝ3, the charge on A distributes itself in such a way that the net effect is that of an all-positive or all-negative charge, and the distribution on A is in equilibrium in the sense that the restriction to A of the potential of the charge distribution in ℝ3 is a constant function.
Evaluation of commonly used filter substrates for the measurement of aerosol trace element solubility

The published literature describing aerosol trace element fractional solubility measurements is characterized by a wide range of observed fractional solubilities. Whereas some of this variability is derived from natural differences in the chemical characteristics of the aerosol source material, the use of different sample collection and processing protocols by the scientific community has also confounded efforts to understand aerosol solubility. Bulk aerosol samples were collected at a coastal site over a nine-month period and used to assess the influence of filter material on aerosol solubility measurements. Two hundred samples were extracted with ultrapure deionized water and focused on the solubility of ten trace elements (Al, P, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) of interest to the GEOTRACES program. Aerosol samples were collected on eight different filter types and extracted using a flow-through “instantaneous” extraction method. In many cases, the operationally defined aerosol trace element solubility differed depending on filter type. Major anion concentrations and trace element fractional solubility were found to differ 58% and 60% of the time, respectively. Filter blank concentrations are also reported for the various filter types. This work, in conjunction with the 2008 GEOTRACES Aerosol Intercalibration study, should aid the design of future research efforts by the wider marine aerosol community and allow better comparisons among published data.