cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A series of bidirectional tetracycline-inducible promoters provides coordinated protein expression

Coordinated control of protein expression is highly desirable for functional genomics. Here we show a widely applicable approach to construction and use of custom bidirectional promoters capable of reproducible coexpression of two proteins. The use of a bidirectional promoter system overcomes many of the limitations of current coexpression systems such as unpredictable upstream and downstream expression ratios mediated by an internal ribosome entry site. We present examples of tetracycline-inducible, bidirectional promoter systems that produce simultaneous and rapid coinduction of two separate reporters to predictable levels and ratios. Steric blocking of transcription initiation by simple tetracycline repressors, rather than the use of transcriptional activator/repressor domain fusions, makes the system described here superior for investigating downstream transcriptional consequences of protein expression.
p53 and retinoblastoma pathways in bladder cancer

A majority of the aggressive, invasive bladder carcinomas have alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma genes and pathways. Examination of the alterations in the molecules in these pathways that regulate the cell cycle and their effects on the prognosis of bladder cancer are areas of active research. While defects in the p53-Mdm2-p14 axis have been implicated in urothelial cancer, perturbations in the cyclin-dependent kinases and their inhibitors have also been extensively studied in this context. Genetic alterations of the retinoblastoma gene and aberrant post-translational modifications of its protein have also been incriminated in invasive bladder cancer. This article reviews the individual prognostic roles of alterations in these molecules in the context of bladder cancer. Additionally, we review findings from recent studies that are attempting to analyze these markers in combination in an effort to construct molecular panels that can serve as more robust outcome predictors. More importantly, alterations in these molecules are now becoming enticing targets for novel therapeutics. We also review some of these agents that can restore the tumor cells’ altered homeostatic mechanisms, thereby having potential in transitional cell carcinoma therapy. Future management of bladder cancer will employ validated marker panels for outcome prediction, and novel genetic and pharmacologic agents that will be able to target molecular alterations in individual tumors based on their respective profiles.
Dynamics of Reactive Metal Adsorption on Organic Thin Films

We have studied the interaction of vapor-deposited Mg and Ca on −CH3, −COOH, −OH, −OCH3, and −CO2CH3 terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on polycrystalline Au{111} using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. Magnesium has a very low initial sticking probability on all of the SAMs studied. It inserts into the C−O bonds of oxygen-containing terminal groups and penetrates through methyl-terminated SAMs. In contrast, vapor-deposited calcium vigorously reacts with all of the SAMs studied to form inorganic products. Ca has a high sticking probability on all of the SAMs studied except for methyl-terminated SAMs. The reaction of these metals with SAMs can be explained by a single, general scheme. In the first stages of deposition at low coverages, metal atoms are only adsorbed if they can form a weak complex at the SAM/vacuum interface; otherwise, they are scattered from the surface. The adsorbed metal atoms then either react with the terminal group or ...
Rapid Multitarget Acquisition and Pointing Control of Agile Spacecraft

This paper describes the study results of developing an attitude control system for agile spacecraft which require rapid retargeting and fast transient settling. In particular, a nonlinear feedback control logic is developed for large-angle, rapid multi-target retargeting maneuvers subject to various physical constraints, including the actuator saturation, slew rate limit, control bandwidth limit, etc. Simulation results for an agile spacecraft equipped with control moment gyros demonstrate the effectiveness and robust performance of the proposed nonlinear feedback control system.
Chemistry and catalysis in functional cavitands.

Biological macromolecules use binding forces to access unfavorable chemical equilibria and stabilize reactive intermediates by temporarily isolating them from the surrounding medium. Certain synthetic receptors, functional cavitands, share these abilities and allow for the direct observation of labile intermediates by conventional spectroscopy. The cavitands feature inwardly directed functional groups that form reversible, covalent bonds with small molecules held inside. Tetrahedral intermediates of carbonyl addition reactions—hemiaminals, hemiacetals, and hemiketals—show amplified concentrations and lifetimes of minutes under ambient conditions. Labile intermediates in addition reactions of carboxylic acids to isonitriles are also stabilized by isolation in the space of the cavitands. The restricted environments channel the reactions of intermediates in cavitands along a specific path and strengthen the parallels between functional synthetic cavitands and enzymes.
A High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on SMVQ

Many reversible data hiding techniques have been presented in the literature in recent years. in this paper, a novel, reversible data hiding scheme is proposed for embedding secret data based on side-match vector quantization (SMVQ). According to the scheme, we can directly reconstruct the original SMVQ compression code for the receiver to store the cover image in a saving storage space after extracting the secret messages. as an improvement to the exiting techniques, we used a data-reading approach in which the data were divided into three categories and an ordering method was used to distinguish between the odd and even positions of the codeword. the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme enhances the embedding capacity and image quality. the results also indicate that the hiding capacity of our scheme is around 24,360 bits, which is about 51% greater than that of Chang et al.i¦s scheme [1]. in addition, our proposed method outperforms Chang et al.i¦s scheme in terms of the quality of the stego-image by approximately 0.1571 dB, on average. This electronic document is a i§livei¨ template. the various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.
The relationship between ligand-binding thermodynamics and protein-ligand interaction forces measured by atomic force microscopy

The interaction forces between biotin and a set of streptavidin site-directed mutants with altered biotin-binding equilibrium and activation thermodynamics have been measured by atomic force microscopy. The AFM technique readily discriminates differences in interaction force between the site-directed (Trp to Phe or Ala) mutants. The interaction force is poorly correlated with both the equilibrium free energy of biotin binding and the activation free energy barrier to dissociation of the biotin-streptavidin complex. The interaction force is generally well correlated with the equilibrium biotin-binding enthalpy as well as the enthalpic activation barrier, but in the one mutant where these two parameters are altered in opposite directions, the interaction force is clearly correlated with the activation enthalpy of dissociation. These results suggest that the AFM force measurements directly probe the enthalpic activation barrier to ligand dissociation.
The effect of services on the recurrence of child maltreatment

Abstract Objective: Building on a previous model of recurrence, this study examined the relationship of services on the hazard of child maltreatment recurrence during CPS intervention for families who were provided continuing intervention following a confirmed index report of physical abuse or neglect. Method: This nonconcurrent prospective study selected 434 subject families who met study eligibility requirements from 1181 families randomly selected from the 2902 families who had experienced a substantiated report of child abuse or neglect during the sampling year. Data were collected and coded from archival sources for 5 years following the index report. Each record was coded by two research analysts to increase inter-rater reliability. Data were analyzed with the Cox Proportional Regression Model. Results: Case characteristics that predicted recurrence were: child vulnerability, family stress, partner abuse, and social support deficits. After examining the potential effect of nine service-related variables only attendance at services predicted recurrence while controlling for other variables in the model. Families who were noted to attend the services identified in their service plans were 33% less likely to experience a recurrence of child maltreatment while their case was active with CPS. Conclusions: Implications of this and other research suggests that actively engaging families in a helping alliance and helping them accept and receive services may reduce the likelihood of future maltreatment.
Asperpyrone D and other metabolites of the plant-associated fungal strain Aspergillus tubingensis

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of a cytotoxic extract of Aspergillus tubingensis, a fungal strain occurring in the rhizosphere of the Sonoran desert plant, Fallugia paradoxa, afforded a dimeric naphtho-gamma-pyrone asperpyrone D, nine known naphtho-gamma-pyrones, funalenone, and the cytotoxic cyclic penta-peptide, malformin A1.
Sotalol-induced torsades de pointes precipitated during treatment with oseltamivir for H1N1 influenza

Novel influenza A (H1N1) is a flu virus of swine origin that first caused human illness in Mexico and the United States in March and April of 2009. By June of 2009, all 50 states had reported cases of novel H1N1 infection.1 On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) elevated the worldwide pandemic alert to Phase 6, indicating wide spread human to human transmission and recognition that H1N1 spread had reached pandemic proportions.2 The WHO has recommended that antiviral agents, including oseltamivir, be used in the treatment of suspected or confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza in at risk patients, such as the very young, elderly, pregnant woman, immunosuppressed patients, and those with co-morbid conditions. Oseltamivir is the preferred therapy for those who present with severe or progressive illness.3 With increased utilization of antivirals, including oseltamivir, previously undescribed drug-drug interactions and adverse events may emerge. We describe two recent cases of patients tolerating long-term sotalol who developed marked QT interval prolongation and required resuscitation from polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes, TdP) during oseltamivir treatment for H1N1 influenza.
Sequence homology among the coat protein of gemini viruses

Abstract The coat proteins of the gemini viruses — African cassava latent virus, tomato golden mosaic virus and maize streak virus — are shown to have reasonable to good amino acid sequence homology. It is suggested that the maize streak virus genome is ancestral and the bipartite genomes of the other viruses evolved from it.
Consultation-liaison psychiatry training and supervision results in fewer recommendations for constant observation.

Abstract In this study, we tested two hypotheses. First, that consultation-liaison (C–L)-trained psychiatry residents would order constant observation (CO) less frequently than psychiatry residents untrained in C–L. Second, we predicted that CO would be ordered less frequently under circumstances when experienced C–L psychiatry attending and fellows would be available to supervise psychiatry residents training in C–L. We reviewed a total of 138 consultations during a 6-month period. Constant observation was recommended in 31 cases (22.5%). Consultations were done by residents who had received training in C–L psychiatry ( n =34) and by residents who were not trained in C–L ( n =34). Residents not trained in C–L had a significantly higher percentage of CO orders (44.1%) compared to those trained in C–L (15.4%) (χ 2 =12.1, df=1, P 2 =5.31, df=1, P 2 =6.72, df=1, P
The influence of ligand-activated LXR on primary human trophoblasts.

Introduction The Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are critical transcriptional regulators of cellular metabolism that promote cholesterol efflux and lipogenesis in response to excess intracellular cholesterol. In contrast, the Sterol Response Element Binding Protein-2 (SREBP2) promotes the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol. Oxysterols are products of cholesterol oxidation that accumulate in conditions associated with increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, activating LXR and inhibiting SREBP2. While hypoxia and oxidative stress are commonly implicated in placental injury, the impact of the transcriptional regulation of cholesterol homeostasis on placental function is not well characterized.
Strategy-Based Instruction: Lessons Learned in Teaching the Effective and Efficient Use of Computer Applications

Numerous studies have shown that many users do not acquire the knowledge necessary for the effective and efficient use of computer applications such as spreadsheets and Web-authoring tools. While many cognitive, cultural, and social reasons have been offered to explain this phenomenon, there have been few systematic attempts to address it. This article describes how we identified a framework to organize effective and efficient strategies to use computer applications and used an approach called strategy-based instruction to teach those strategies over five years to almost 400 students. Controlled experiments demonstrated that the instructional approach (1) enables students to learn strategies without harming command knowledge, (2) benefits students from technical and nontechnical majors, and (3) is robust across different instructional contexts and new applications. Real-world classroom experience of teaching strategy-based instruction over several instantiations has enabled the approach to be disseminated to other universities. The lessons learned throughout the process of design, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination should allow teaching a large number of users in many organizations to rapidly acquire the strategic knowledge to make more effective and efficient use of computer applications.
Holistic and analytic processes in the comparison of letters

College students made “same-different” judgments about successively presented pairs of letters whose degree of difference, in terms of the number of line segments out of register, was systematically varied. Reaction time was found to decrease with increases in the degree of difference in “different” responses, as well as to depend on the number of line segments present in the second (probe) letter. “Same” responses were much faster than different responses and were unaffected by the number of segments in the probe letter. This pattern of results suggests analytic (component-by-component) processing of “different” letters and holistic processing of “same” letters. The results have important implications for studies of multi-letter comparisons, in which it is commonly assumed that letter comparisons are holistic in nature.
Chemical lattice imaging: a pedantic note

Abstract Ourmazd and colleagues have recently developed an image-processing technique that they claim is able to map elemental compositions approaching single-atom sensitivity. The physical assumptions behind this method are examined in this note and simple expressions are derived which define when the technique can be applied.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pediatric Pain Management Guidelines

In response to unit nursing quality and patient satisfaction concerns, the shared governance councils identified opportunities to improve overall assessment and management of pain in hospitalized pediatric patients. Together, the unit-shared governance councils evaluated current practice and reviewed the literature to develop comprehensive Pediatric Pain Assessment and Management Guidelines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing an evidence-based pain assessment and management guideline on nurses' knowledge, ability to assess and manage the patients' pain, and patient/family satisfaction with staff's management of pain. This intervention study with a pre–post design included three assessment intervals described as baseline and 3 and 6 months after guideline implementation. The sample included pediatric and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nursing staff, retrospective chart reviews of pediatric and PICU patients, and patient/parent satisfaction scores. No differences were found between nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain before and after implementation of the guideline. Significant increases in pain assessment, use of correct tool, and reassessment were found following implementation. Although improving, there was no difference in patient/family satisfaction after guideline implementation.
Ocean scalar irradiance near-surface maxima

Estimates of the in-water spectral scalar irradiance, E0, are needed to quantify the photosynthetically available radiation. When a highly scattering, optically thick medium is illuminated at its surface, it is possible under certain conditions for E0 to increase with penetration depth near the surface, even if there are no internal sources at the wavelength of interest. Analysis and numerical examples presented here help to explain and quantify the magnitude and location of potential subsurface E0 peaks in source-free ocean waters and the dependence of the phenomenon on the seawater optical properties and surface conditions. Peaking in E0 most likely occurs when the incident illumination is strongly directed at the zenith angle, and the location of the maximum is deepest when the asymmetry of the scattering phase function is large. The presence of surface waves and internal reflection greatly reduces the chance of E0 peaks being present, making a maximum in E0 below the surface possible only if the single scattering albedo, ω0, is >0.95 in homogeneous waters or at potentially smaller values if ω0 increases with depth.
Instrument instability and short-term monetary control

Abstract The literature on instrument instability tends support to a policy of smoothing interest rates: it contends that rigid adherence to a monetary rule would bring about explosive interest-rate movements. This contention is examined using a simple model which incorporates rational expectations; the results suggest that instrument instability is associated with interest-rate smoothing rather than with short-term control of the money supply. Furthermore, policy that attempts to stabilize interest rates may itself account for empirical findings which have hitherto been viewed as evidence that instrument instability would occur if the money supply were closely controlled.
Content Server Architecture Pattern for Evolvability and Scalability

Significant requirements for a large digital preservation system are the system scalability, its ability to store and service heterogeneous digital holdings, and the evolvability over time of both the technologies comprising the system and the data formats in its storage. The use of information technology by the government, business corporations, academic institutions, and the general public results in staggering amounts of digital-born materials requiring long-term preservation and access. Organizations in different domains have to cope with the daunting task of storing and providing access to the growing amount of digital data. In many cases data heterogeneity, which ranges from office automation and geospatial images, to multimedia artifacts, adds to the challenge. In response to these challenges, we propose a Content Server Architecture Pattern. Content Server Architecture Pattern can be applied for instantiation of data-centric architecture, service-centric architecture, storage technology-centric architecture or an architecture that is some hybrid of that set to implement a Content Server Repository portion of a digital preservation system. A key characteristic of Content Server Architecture Pattern is its versatility that allows tailoring of the architecture of a digital preservation system to specific business needs.
Pediatric radiology in the Philadelphia region: a history of pedigrees and legacies

The specialty of pediatric radiology in the Philadelphia region has grown and evolved over the past eight decades originating from early "visiting" radiologists to Drs. Hope and Kirkpatrick, the "giants" of the 1950s and 1960s, to over 40 actively practicing pediatric radiologists. Clinical excellence, commitment to teaching, and advancement of knowledge through research remain the goals and ideals, much as they were many years ago. Philadelphia has been a fertile home and environment for this development, mostly because of outstanding leaders and role models who have trained and influenced generations of pediatric radiologists. The purpose of this article is to tell the story of this growth and development and to explore the intellectual origins, professional "genealogy," and legacies left by those who created this tradition.
Risk–benefit effects of tocolytic therapy

Tocolytics are potent drugs that are used to interdict preterm labour. Although all of these agents have some side effects, if not frankly adverse effects under certain clinical situations, two of these drugs, the beta-mimetics and magnesium sulphate (MgSO(4)), have been found to have considerable potential for adverse maternal cardiovascular and respiratory effects. Furthermore, magnesium sulphate has been shown to have harmful, indeed, sometimes lethal, effects in some babies. Although less well established, NSAIDs, the most common example of which is indomethacin, also have some important adverse effects in fetuses. Within the limits of contemporary scientific knowledge, calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, appear to be among the more efficacious and safer drugs that are currently being used for tocolysis.
Tissue Doppler is more sensitive and reproducible than spectral pulsed-wave Doppler for fetal right ventricle myocardial performance index determination in normal and diabetic pregnancies.

Background The aim of this study was to compare the reproducibility, agreement, and sensitivity of pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) versus spectral Doppler assessment of right ventricular (RV) myocardial performance index (MPI) in midgestation fetuses in both a normal and a disease state. Methods RV MPI was calculated using pulsed-wave DTI and spectral Doppler in normal pregnancies ( n = 69) and in women with pregestational diabetes ( n = 51). Intraobserver and interobserver variability and agreement were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Student's t tests were used for comparisons of differences. Results In normal fetuses, RV MPI derived by the two methods showed no statistical difference, were interchangeable (DTI, 0.51 ± 0.10; spectral Doppler, 0.50 ± 0.12; P = .686), and were in agreement by Bland-Altman analysis. However, in fetuses of mothers with diabetes, the two methods produced different RV MPI measurements (DTI, 0.56 ± 0.10; spectral Doppler, 0.51 ± 0.12; P Conclusions The DTI method of measuring fetal RV MPI is more sensitive, has less variability and more precision, and is better able to demonstrate subtle abnormalities in cardiac function than the spectral Doppler method in diabetic versus normal pregnancies.
Epidemiology of epiretinal membrane in a large cohort of patients with uveitis.

Objective To identify clinical characteristics associated with the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in patients with uveitis. Design Case-control study. Participants and Controls Five hundred ninety-eight subjects seen in a single tertiary referral clinic between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2011, who were diagnosed with uveitis. Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) images of all subjects were reviewed to assess for ERM. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare characteristics of subjects with ERM (cases) with characteristics of subjects without ERM (controls). A second multivariate analysis assessed the relationship between ERM and visual acuity. Fundus photographs were reviewed to compare SD OCT ascertainment of ERM with photographic ascertainment. Main Outcome Measures Presence or absence of ERM on OCT imaging. Results Of 598 uveitic participants, 246 (41%) were found to have ERM in at least 1 eye on SD OCT imaging. The prevalence of ERM by Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature anatomic subtype was 28.1% for anterior uveitis, 57.0% for intermediate uveitis, and 43.4% for posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Multivariate analysis showed that the following clinical factors were associated significantly with ERM: older age (3% increased risk per year of age; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.05), intermediate uveitis (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% CI, 1.67–6.96), posterior uveitis and panuveitis (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.09–3.01), male sex (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05–2.42), and history of cataract surgery (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.13–2.79). When adjusted for covariates, eyes with ERM had a mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity of 0.58 (20/76) versus 0.48 (20/60) in non-ERM eyes ( P = 0.039). Of OCT-defined ERMs in this cohort, 38% were not detectable on fundus photographs. Conclusions Epiretinal membrane is a common complication of uveitis that is associated with patient age, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, male sex, and previous cataract surgery. It can contribute independently to vision loss in uveitic eyes. In uveitis, OCT is more sensitive than fundus photography for identification of ERM.
NPC1-Containing Compartment of Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells: A Role in the Intracellular Trafficking of Cholesterol Supporting Steroidogenesis

Steroidogenic cells represent unique systems for the exploration of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. We employed cytochemical and biochemical methods to explore the expression, regulation, and function of the Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1) in human granulosa-lutein cells. NPC1 was localized in a subset of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP-2)-positive vesicles. By analyzing the sensitivity of NPC1 N-linked oligosaccharide chains to glycosidases and neuraminidase, evidence was obtained for movement of nascent NPC1 from the endoplasmic reticulum through the medial and trans compartments of the Golgi apparatus prior to its appearance in cytoplasmic vesicles. NPC1 protein content and the morphology and cellular distribution of NPC1-containing vesicles were not affected by treatment of the granulosa-lutein cells with 8-Br-cAMP, which stimulates cholesterol metabolism into progesterone. In contrast, steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein levels were increased by 8-Br-cAMP. Incubation of granulosa-lutein cells with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the presence of the hydrophobic amine, U18666A, caused accumulation of free cholesterol in granules, identified by filipin staining, that contained LAMP-2 and NPC1. These granules also stained for neutral lipid with Nile red, reflecting accumulation of LDL-derived cholesterol esters. LDL-stimulated progesterone synthesis was completely blocked by U18666A, leaving steroid output at levels similar to those of cells incubated in the absence of LDL. The hydrophobic amine also blocked the LDL augmentation of 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated progesterone synthesis, reducing steroid production to levels seen in cells stimulated with 8-Br-cAMP in the absence of LDL. Steroidogenesis recovered after U18666A was removed from the culture medium. U18666A treatment caused a 2-fold or more increase in NPC1 protein and mRNA levels, suggesting that disruption of NPC1's function activates a compensatory mechanism resulting in increased NPC1 synthesis. We conclude that the NPC1 compartment plays an important role in the trafficking of LDL-derived substrate in steroidogenic cells; that NPC1 expression is up-regulated when NPC1 action is blocked; and that the NPC1 compartment can be functionally separated from other intracellular pathways contributing substrate for steroidogenesis.
Inferred attenuation from site effect-corrected T phases recorded on the island of Hawaii

Coda site amplification factors are used to eliminate the site effect from records of three circum-PacificT phases recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) network on the island of Hawaii. ObservedT-phase amplitudes across the island generally decrease with increasing distance from the conversion point where acoustic waves in the SOFAR channel become seismic waves propagating through the crust. However, the decay of the observedT-phase signal across the island is not regular in regions of dense station coverage, in particular, the Kilauea caldera region. We divide the maximum observedT-phase amplitudes at a given station by the coda site amplification factor obtained for the same station and frequency band (3.0Hz); the distribution of these amplitudes reveals a smooth pattern over the entire island. The distance over which the site effect-correctedT-phase amplitude decreases by one-half, combined with the apparent velocity of propagation ofT phases across the island, allows for an approximate determination of near-surfaceQ over much of the island of Hawaii. We found a region of lowQ in the Kilauea summit area (Q≈30) and east rift zone (Q≈60) with considerably higherQ in the Kaoiki and northern portions of the island (Q≈150 to 200). The lowQ values obtained in the Kilauea summit region and east rift zone are significantly lower than estimates of codaQ in the same region, suggestingT phases may be sampling the earth's near-surface properties.
A novel high-capacity ion trap-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer

We describe a prototype tandem mass spectrometer that is designed to increase the efficiency of linked-scan analyses by >100-fold over conventional linked-scan instruments. The key element of the mass spectrometer is a novel high ion capacity ion trap, combined in tandem configuration with a quadrupole collision cell and a quadrupole mass analyzer (i.e. a TrapqQ configuration). This ion trap can store >106 ions without significant degradation of its performance. The current mass resolution of the trap is 100–450 full width at half maximum for ions in the range 800–4000 m/z, yielding a 10–20 m/z selection window for ions ejected at any given time into the collision cell. The sensitivity of the mass spectrometer for detecting peptides is in the low femtomole range. We can envisage relatively straightforward modifications to the instrument that should improve both its resolution and sensitivity. We tested the tandem mass spectrometer for collecting precursor ion spectra of all the ions stored in the trap and demonstrated that we can selectively detect a phosphopeptide in a mixture of non-phosphorylated peptides. Based on this prototype instrument, we plan to construct a fully functional model of the mass spectrometer for detecting modification sites on proteins and profiling their abundances with high speed and sensitivity.
Turnaround Time Between ILLiad's Odyssey and Ariel Delivery Methods: A Comparison

Interlibrary loan departments are frequently looking for methods to reduce turnaround time. The advent of electronic delivery in the past decade has greatly reduced turnaround time for articles, but recent developments in this arena have the potential to decrease turnaround time even further. The ILLiad interlibrary loan management system has an electronic delivery component entitled Odyssey. Odyssey has a setting that allows articles to be sent to patrons without borrowing staff intervention. Using the tracking data created by the ILLiad management system, the turnaround time data for two delivery methods, Ariel and Odyssey, was captured for two different academic institutions. With the Trusted Sender setting turned on, Odyssey delivery was faster than Ariel for the institutions studied.
Robot-assisted PET-CT-MRI image fusion

A novel robot-assisted PET/CT/MRI image fusion method is presented. The robot carries the patient from one device to another automatically, securely and precisely. The images obtained in each device are fused by the robot position transformational matrix. First, a 4WD and 4WS mobile robot is introduced. Its design features are super payload capability, precise navigation and positioning, ultrasonic obstacle avoidance and Anti- magnetic. Second, the general kinematics model of the 4WD and 4WS mobile robot is presented. Several special modes are simplified from the general model, Such as ZRT mode, navigation mode and so on. At last several clinical trial of this system is introduced. The comparison result between the result of robot-assisted PET/MRI image fusion and the result of combined machine is presented. The method of the robot-assisted PET/MRI image fusion can make the process of image fusion more automatically, securely and precisely.
Nonstationary array processing for tracking moving targets with time-varying polarizations

This paper presents an approach for tracking nonstationary moving sources with both time-varying directions-of-arrival (DOA) and time-varying polarization signatures. The proposed approach is based on the spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFD). Unlike the conventional correlation matrix based approaches that sacrifice the source signal polarization properties and are not properly structured to utilize polarization diversity, the proposed approach uses the signal instantaneous polarization and instantaneous frequency information for improved target tracking and polarization estimation.
Overcoming Executive Function Deficits With Students With ADHD

Academic problems are common among students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One reason for academic problems is the difficulties in executive functions (EF) that are necessary for complex goal-oriented behaviors. Students with ADHD often exhibit EF deficits and as a result have difficulties with tasks that require planning, organizing, maintaining effort, and monitoring activities. This article outlines how teachers can help students with ADHD overcome EF difficulties and improve their academic performance.
The Russian Revolution, 1917

1. The coming of the Revolution 2. The February Revolution 3. Political realignment and the new political system 4. The aspirations of Russian society 5. The peasants and the purposes of revolution 6. The nationalities: identity and opportunity 7. The summer of discontents 8. 'All power to the Soviets' 9. The Bolsheviks take power 10. The Constituent Assembly and the purposes of power 11. Conclusions.
The Role of Impulsivity in Antisocial and Violent Behavior and Personality Disorders Among Incarcerated Women

This study investigated the relationships among impulsivity, antisocial and violent behavior, and personality disorders in 590 female inmates of a maximum-security female prison. Measures included the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Prison Violence Inventory, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders Screening Questionnaire, numbers of institutional infractions recorded in inmate files, and violent versus nonviolent offending. Results showed that impulsivity was associated with personality psychopathology and aggressive and antisocial behavior. In contrast to findings of studies with male inmates, female violent offenders did not demonstrate higher levels of impulsivity than nonviolent offenders.
A Simplified Diagnostic Model of Orographic Rainfall for Enhancing Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates in Data-Poor Regions

An extension of Sinclair’s diagnostic model of orographic precipitation (‘‘VDEL’’) is developed for use in data-poor regions to enhance rainfall estimates. This extension (VDELB) combines a 2D linearized internal gravity wave calculation with the dot product of the terrain gradient and surface wind to approximate terraininduced vertical velocity profiles. Slope, wind speed, and stability determine the velocity profile, with either sinusoidal or vertically decaying (evanescent) solutions possible. These velocity profiles replace the parameterized functions in the original VDEL, creating VDELB, a diagnostic accounting for buoyancy effects. A further extension (VDELB*) uses an on/off constraint derived from reanalysis precipitation fields. A validation study over 365 days in the Pacific Northwest suggests that VDELB* can best capture seasonal and geographic variations. A new statistical data-fusion technique is presented and is used to combine VDELB*, reanalysis, and satellite rainfall estimates in southern Africa. The technique, matched filter regression (MFR), sets the variance of the predictors equal to their squared correlation with observed gauge data and predicts rainfall based on the first principal component of the combined data. In the test presented here, mean absolute errors from the MFR technique were 35% lower than the satellite estimates alone. VDELB assumes a linear solution to the wave equations and a Boussinesq atmosphere, and it may give unrealistic responses under extreme conditions. Nonetheless, the results presented here suggest that diagnostic models, driven by reanalysis data, can be used to improve satellite rainfall estimates in data-sparse regions.
Biomarkers of Cell Senescence Assessed by Imaging Cytometry

The characteristic features of senescent cells such as their "flattened" appearance, enlarged nuclei and low saturation density at the plateau phase of cell growth, can be conveniently measured by image-assisted cytometry such as provided by a laser scanning cytometer (LSC). The "flattening" of senescent cells is reflected by a decline in local density of DNA-associated staining with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and is paralleled by an increase in nuclear area. Thus, the ratio of the maximal intensity of DAPI fluorescence per nucleus to the nuclear area provides a very sensitive morphometric biomarker of "depth" of senescence, which progressively declines during senescence induction. Also recorded is cellular DNA content revealing cell cycle phase, as well as the saturation cell density at plateau phase of growth, which is dramatically decreased in cultures of senescent cells. Concurrent immunocytochemical analysis of expression of p21(WAF1), p16(INK4a), or p27(KIP1) cyclin kinase inhibitors provides additional markers of senescence. These biomarker indices can be expressed in quantitative terms ("senescence indices") as a fraction of the same markers of the exponentially growing cells in control cultures.
Cold-cavity vectorial eigenmodes of VCSELs

An analytical approximate solution of Maxwell's equations for the cold-cavity eigenmodes of cylindrical etched air-post vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. In radial and azimuthal directions, the modes correspond to the hybrid modes of cylindrical optical waveguides. A vectorial transform matrix approach is derived which takes into account coupling of bound eigenmodes in VCSEL structures. The method is illustrated for the case of noncoupled modes and the corresponding simplified transform matrix approach is used to calculate the field profiles in longitudinal direction and predict the resonance wavelengths for the VCSEL eigenmodes. Although approximate, the resulting eigenmodes may be viewed as a useful alternative to full numerical solutions, especially with regard to future more comprehensive modeling of VCSELs.
What can we learn about emotion by studying psychopathy

Psychopathy is a developmental disorder associated with core affective traits, such as low empathy, guilt, and remorse, and with antisocial and aggressive behaviors. Recent neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies of psychopathy in both institutionalized and community samples have begun to illuminate the basis of this condition, in particular the ways that psychopathy affects the experience and recognition of fear. In this review, I will consider how understanding emotional processes in psychopathy can shed light on the three questions central to the study of emotion: (1) Are emotions discrete, qualitatively distinct phenomena, or quantitatively varying phenomena best described in terms of dimensions like arousal and valence? (2) What are the brain structures involved in generating specific emotions like fear, if any? And (3) how do our own experiences of emotion pertain to our perceptions of and responses to others' emotion? I conclude that insights afforded by the study of psychopathy may provide better understanding of not only fundamental social phenomena like empathy and aggression, but of the basic emotional processes that motivate these behaviors.
Negotiating a treaty on environmental modification warfare: the convention on environmental warfare and its impact upon arms control negotiations

The technology of warfare is in a constant state of flux. In recent years weather modification activities have been employed by military forces and other methods of environmental manipulation have been contemplated for military use. The development of the 1976 Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques and the negotiations in the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD) which culminated in its adoption are focused upon. To date this treaty has generated little in the way of commentary in either the press or in academic journals. The treaty and the politics surrounding its drafting and adoption are considered and shown to be quite instructive on disarmament politics and the operation of the CCD. Further, they reflect the fact that the North-South polarity found in a number of issue areas in world politics is increasingly evident in the field of disarmament and arms control.
Highly-Dynamic Cross-Layered Aeronautical Network Architecture

Highly-dynamic wireless environments present unique challenges to end-to-end communication networks, caused by the time-varying connectivity of high-velocity nodes combined with the unreliability of the wireless communication channel. Such conditions are found in a variety of networks, including those used for tactical communications and aeronautical telemetry. Addressing these challenges requires the design of new protocols and mechanisms specific to this environment. We present a new domain-specific architecture and protocol suite, including cross-layer optimizations between the physical, MAC, network, and transport layers. This provides selectable reliability for multiple applications within highly mobile tactical airborne networks. Our contributions for this environment include the transmission control protocol (TCP)-friendly transport protocol, AeroTP; the IP-compatible network layer, AeroNP; and the geolocation aware routing protocol AeroRP. Through simulations we show significant performance improvement over the traditional TCP/IP/MANET protocol stack.
Orphan GPCR research

Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are receptors lacking endogenous ligands. Found by molecular biological analyses, they became the roots of reverse pharmacology, in which receptors are attempted to be matched to potential transmitters. Later, when high-throughput screening technology was applied to reverse pharmacology, dozens of orphan GPCRs became deorphanized. Furthermore, novel neuropeptides were discovered. This review retraces the history of the orphan GPCRs and of the discoveries of their endogenous ligands, it also discusses the difficulties that the search for new ligands is presently encountering.
Dynamic acromiohumeral interval changes in baseball players during scaption exercises.

Hypothesis Elevation of the arm during a dynamic scaption exercise will result in a progressive narrowing of the acromiohumeral interval (AHI); however, the addition of a load will not significantly affect the AHI in healthy baseball players. Materials and methods Thirteen healthy baseball players performed a seated scaption exercise from 0° to 90°, with and without a normalized additional load. Dynamic AHI intervals were measured using digital fluoroscopic videos with the arm at the side, and at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° of humeral elevation. Results The mean AHI for unloaded and loaded scaption decreased significantly ( P P = .005) and 75° ( P = .003) were significant. Discussion Narrowing of the AHI during dynamic motion was similar to previous reports of static AHI, with the exception of the trend towards widening of the AHI seen at 75° during both conditions. The additional AHI narrowing observed at 60° and 75° during the loaded exercise may indicate that scapular positioning is more influential in this range. Conclusion An additional AHI narrowing of 11% during loaded scaption, did not result in any clinical impingement during the exercise, but may have more serious implications in other healthy and pathologic populations.
Association Between β-Genus Human Papillomavirus and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunocompetent Individuals-A Meta-analysis.

Importance Existing epidemiological evidence remains controversial regarding the association between β-genus human papillomavirus (β-HPV) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in immunocompetent individuals. Objective We aimed to clarify this association and evaluate type-specific β-HPV involvement. Data Sources We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies in humans through June 18, 2014, with no restriction on publication date or language. The following search terms were used: “human papillomavirus” and “cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or skin squamous cell carcinoma or cSCC or nonmelanoma skin neoplasms.” Study Selection Articles were independently assessed by 2 reviewers. We only included case-control or cohort studies, in immunocompetent individuals, that calculated the odds ratio (OR) for cSCC associated with overall and type-specific β-HPV. Data Extraction and Synthesis We first assessed the heterogeneity among study-specific ORs using the Q statistic and I 2 statistic. Then, we used the random-effects model to obtain the overall OR and its 95% CI for all studies as well as for each type of HPV. We also tested and corrected for publication bias by 3 funnel plot–based methods. The quality of each study was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Pooled ORs and 95% CIs for overall β-HPV and HPV types 5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, and 38 association with skin biopsy proven cSCC. Results Seventy-nine articles were assessed for eligibility; 14 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis and included 3112 adult immunocompetent study participants with cSCC and 6020 controls. For all detection methods, the overall association between β-HPV and cSCC was significant with an adjusted pooled OR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.18-1.72). As for the type-specific analysis, types 5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, and 38 showed a significant association with adjusted pooled ORs (95% CIs) of 1.4 (1.18-1.66), 1.39 (1.16-1.66), 1.25 (1.04-1.50), 1.34 (1.19-1.52), 1.38 (1.21-1.59), 1.26 (1.09-1.44), 1.23 (1.01-1.50), and 1.37 (1.13-1.67) respectively. Our subgroup analysis in studies using only serology for HPV detection showed a significant association between overall β-HPV and HPV subtypes 5, 8, 17, 20, 24, and 38 with an increased risk of cSCC development. Conclusions and Relevance This study serves as added evidence supporting β-HPV as a risk factor for cSCC in healthy individuals. The subgroup analysis highlights this significant association for HPV 5, 8, 17, 20, and 38, which may help to direct future prevention efforts.