cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ship of Saint Paul: Historical Background

The great Alexandrian grain ships are one of archaeology's unsolved mysteries. The ships were apparently of enormous size and could have been used for more than just shipping grain. One of the few ...
Astrophysically Important Charge Transfer Reactions, Recent Theoretical Results

The survey calculations of low energy charge transfer reactions between doubly and trebly charged first row ions and hydrogen or helium atoms, done in collaboration with S. Butler and D. Dalgarno, are being extended.
Reflex-action position control of robots: comparison with impedance control

A technique for control of one-arm manipulators, called reflex-action position (RAP) control, is developed. The reflex action makes the manipulator dynamics independent of the possibly time-varying mass and inertia of the load and other loading effects. This is accomplished by sensing the load with a wrist force/torque sensor and computing, using a transposed Jacobian matrix, joint torques which support or drive the load. With this form of load decoupling, the position controller can be designed for good performance while maintaining robustness. Simulation results demonstrate typical performance of the RAP controller. The well-known impedance control method was designed so that the end-effector of a manipulator would exhibit (to an external force) a mechanical impedance specified by the desired apparent mass, damping, and stiffness of the end-effector. These three matrices must be chosen carefully to ensure stability. The use of positive force feedback was discovered experimentally as the only means to stabilize an impedance-controlled manipulator in contact with a rigid surface. >
Fish, Ice, and Wedge-Wire Screen Water Intakes

AbstractThe U.S. Clean Water Act requires that the Environmental Protection Agency ensures that the location, design, construction, and capacity of water intakes for thermal power plants reflect the best technology available to reduce entrainment mortalities of fish and invertebrates during their early stages of life. Cylindrical wedge-wire screens are an efficient technology for protecting fish and invertebrates at water intakes, as they draw water at low flow velocities through a fine mesh. Although substantially reducing fish and invertebrate mortality, wedge-wire screens run significant risks of blockage by ice. This paper discusses how the characteristics of wedge-wire screens that enhance their ability to reduce mortalities also make them susceptible to blockage by frazil and anchor ice, and presents observations and field data regarding ice formation on a segment of wedge-wire screen placed in a small river. Ice formation on this screen involved initial frazil adhesion with subsequent metamorphism ...
Implications of stroke prevention trials Treatment of global risk

Clinical trials have demonstrated that risk of cardiovascular events may be reduced in patients with stroke, using blood pressure (BP) reduction and statin therapy, independently of the presence of specific risk factors. These results suggest an alternative approach to secondary stroke prevention, focused more on global risk than on detection and modification of individual categorical risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. A risk-based approach is warranted because stroke patients are at high risk of several cardiovascular events, not just stroke, and because physiologic risk factors such as BP demonstrate a continuous, or log-linear, relationship with cardiovascular risk. Essential to the implementation of such an approach is the development of adequate risk stratification models for stroke patients. Based on limited available evidence, however, it appears that most patients who experience an ischemic stroke or TIA are at high long-term absolute risk of a subsequent cardiovascular event and should be treated with all available risk-reduction strategies.
On pre-accentual lengthening

Among the numerous factors known or suspected to affect the length of a syllable in English is the nature of the immediately following syllable. It is widely recognized (P. Fijn van Draat, 1910, p. 14; Jones, 1956, §§ 886–7; Bolinger, 1965, pp. 168–9; Lehiste, 1972, p. 2021) that in a succession of monosyllabic words a word containing a full vowel will be longer when followed by another such word than when followed by a word containing a reduced vowel.1 Van Draat's example is Money makes the mare to go versus Money makes the mare go: in the latter, ‘We pronounce mare in two syllables.’ In the former one can say that the reduced to ‘borrows time’ from the full mare.
The role of the electrostatic force in spore adhesion.

Electrostatic force is investigated as one of the components of the adhesion force between Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores and planar surfaces. The surface potentials of a Bt spore and a mica surface are experimentally obtained using a combined atomic force microscopy (AFM)−scanning surface potential microscopy technique. On the basis of experimental information, the surface charge density of the spores is estimated at 0.03 μC/cm2 at 20% relative humidity and decreases with increasing humidity. The Coulombic force is introduced for the spore−mica system (both charged, nonconductive surfaces), and an electrostatic image force is introduced to the spore−gold system because gold is electrically conductive. The Coulombic force for spore−mica is repulsive because the components are similarly charged, while the image force for the spore−gold system is attractive. The magnitude of both forces decreases with increasing humidity. The electrostatic forces are added to other force components, e.g., van der Waals ...
Diverse aberrancies target yeast mRNAs to cytoplasmic mRNA surveillance pathways

Eukaryotic gene expression is a complex, multistep process that needs to be executed with high fidelity and two general methods help achieve the overall accuracy of this process. Maximizing accuracy in each step in gene expression increases the fraction of correct mRNAs made. Fidelity is further improved by mRNA surveillance mechanisms that degrade incorrect or aberrant mRNAs that are made when a step is not perfectly executed. Here, we review how cytoplasmic mRNA surveillance mechanisms selectively recognize and degrade a surprisingly wide variety of aberrant mRNAs that are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Optimization and microstructural analysis of black-zinc-coated aluminum solar collector coatings

Abstract Solar-selective black zinc coatings were obtained through electrochemical treatment of zinc-electroplated aluminum substrates. Non-linear programming was used to optimize the anodizing parameters in terms of the solar absorptance and thermal emittance of the coatings. Optimum heat-treated (at 200°C for 200 h) coatings with absorptances of 0.954 and emittances of 0.101 were produced with good reproducibility. Higher anodization times and electrolyte temperatures were found to produce acceptable thermally stable coatings. Selected area diffraction patterns show the anodic films to contain both zinc oxide and metallic zinc as is common for these overgrowths.
The efficient market hypothesis: the applicability of quantitative methods to foreign stocks traded as American depository receipts (ADRs)

The efficient market hypothesis assumes each security’s price remains at continuous parity with its investment value. This presumption elicits challenge. The efficient market hypothesis denies that mechanical trading rules from either price or fundamental data are investment strategies capable of outperforming market averages on a risk-adjusted basis after transaction costs. US academic literature is now presenting contrary evidence. Vigorous investigations into alleged validity of the efficient market hypothesis challenge scholarly investigators to uncover pockets of inefficiency in their attempts to disprove market efficiency. This study cited two noted anomalies from the US markets. The two analyses were applied to the American depository receipt stock market to determine whether these anomalies likewise exist. This study investigates the weak-form through a price momentum reversal and volume strategy. Further, it investigated a semi-strong form EMH through a mechanical trading strategy of price momentum reversal and value and earnings momentum. The study period was for ten years ending December 31, 2011 incorporating monthly rebalancing equally-weighted. Results were formulated on a total return basis and expressed on a geometric basis. The top monthly weak-form portfolio supported the efficiency of the market. The top monthly semi-strong portfolio indicated a pocket of exploitable inefficiency.
A proposed social indicator system for alcohol-related problems

Abstract The proposed social indicator system for alcoholism would be based on data recorded by various social agencies for problematic alcohol-related behavior, including: child abuse; alcohol-related arrest; death from accidents, homicide, suicide, cirrhosis, pneumonia, and ulcer; and admission to specified treatment facilities for alcoholism. The system offers an epidemiologic tool for assessing, not only alcohol-related events, but also institutional activity. Comparisons can be made between various subpopulations or in a given population over a limited time period. Preventive and treatment programs can be evaluated with this method, and it lends itself to cost accounting of such programs. Sample statistics are presented for Minnesota where the method will be tested in pilot study.
Advanced DSP for Next-Generation OFDMA-PON

Principal requirements and technology trends of advanced DSP for high-speed, real-time Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based PON are analyzed. Key benefits emerge from component integration, mass production and parallel activity in long-haul fiber systems.
Aging and serotoninergic function: Causes or consequences?

Abstract Walker has combined two previously stated hypotheses dealing with the mechanisms involved in general senescence. However, further studies are needed to determine whether his data on monoamine function and circadian rhythms reflect primary changes in CNS function or changes that occur as a consequence of the different neuroendocrine millieu present in older animals.
Physical Child Abuse Perpetrator Screening and Evaluation

This article describes some of the risk/benefit issues in the use of assessment instruments in the screening and evaluation of physical child abuse perpetrators. Following a discussion of assessmen...
Styles of Physician Advice About Smoking Cessation in College Students

Abstract Objective: To examine whether young adult cigarette smokers who were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages of change for smoking cessation would differ in their evaluations of vignettes depicting 2 types of physician advice. Participants: Fifty-seven young adult cigarette smokers who were undergraduate students (49.1% female, mean age = 20.4 years) attending an urban university. Methods: Participants evaluated 2 written vignettes. Both vignettes depicted physicians using patient-centered communication styles. One vignette depicted a physician giving a patient direct advice to quit smoking and the other a physician using a motivational style of advice. Data were collected from September 2004 through May 2005. Results: Participants rated the motivational advice vignette as significantly more favorable compared to the direct advice vignette on all assessed dimensions (global satisfaction, general satisfaction, physician affective style, physician technical style, and physician communicati...
Effects of a Curriculum Designed to Generalize Self‐Efficacy From Weight‐Training Exercises to Activities of Daily Living Among Adults With Spinal Injuries

This study examined the effects of a special curriculum designed to facilitate generalization of self-efficacy from weight-training exercises to activities of daily living (ADL) among a sample of adults with spinal injuries. Participants (N= 17) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) a weight-training instruction and self-efficacy generalization group; (b) a weight-training instruction only group; or (c) a control group. The 2 groups that received weight-training instruction received 6 weight-training lessons. The group that also received the self-efficacy generalization curriculum was exposed to techniques designed to generalize self-efficacy. Participants in the group exposed to the self-efficacy generalization curriculum experienced a significantly greater generalization of self-efficacy than did those who received weight-training instruction only and those in the control group.
T-cell receptor beta-chain expression: dependence on relatively few variable region genes

Fifteen independently isolated complementary DNA clones that contain T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta genes were sequenced and found to represent 11 different V beta genes. When compared with known sequences, 14 different V beta genes could be defined from a total of 25 complementary DNA's; 11 clones therefore involved repeated usage of previously identified V beta's. Based on these data, we calculate a maximum likelihood estimate of the number of expressed germline V beta genes to be 18 with an upper 95 percent confidence bound of 30 genes. Southern blot analysis has shown that most of these genes belong to single element subfamilies which show very limited interstrain polymorphism. The TCR beta-chain diversity appears to be generated from a limited V beta gene pool primarily by extensive variability at the variable-diversity-joining (V-D-J) junctional site, with no evidence for the involvement of somatic hypermutation.
Simple optical computing device for chemical analysis

Multivariate Optical Computing (MOC) devices have the potential of greatly simplifying as well as reducing the cost of applying the mathematics of multivariate regression to problems of chemical analysis in the real world. These devices utilize special optical interference coatings known as multivariate optical elements (MOEs) that are encoded with pre-determined spectroscopic patterns to selectively quantify a chemical species of interest in the presence of other interfering species. A T-format prototype of the first optical computing device is presented utilizing a multilayer MOE consisting of alternating layers of two metal oxide films (Nb2O5 and SiO2) on a BK-7 glass substrate. The device was tested by using it to quantify copper uroporphyrin in a quaternary mixture consisting of uroporphyrin (freebase), tin uroporphyrin, nickel uroporphyrin, and copper uroporphyrin. A standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.86(mu) M was obtained for copper uroporphyrin.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fluid-solid interaction finite element modeling of a kinetically driven growth instability in stressed solids

The kinetically driven growth instability in stressed solids has been a subject of recent investigation as there is an increasing interest in the effects of non-hydrostatic stresses on crystal growth processes. Recent experimental and modeling work using advanced numerical methods such as boundary element and level set methods have demonstrated that the effect of stress on the solid phase epitaxy (SPE) growth of crystalline silicon from the amorphous phase is responsible for the roughening of its amorphous-crystalline interface. Although our previous model (Phan et al., in Model Simul Mater Sci Eng, 9:309-325, 2001) has been able to explain the observed interfacial instability during the crystal growth of intrinsic silicon, it has not been very successful when extended to the SPE growth process of doped silicon. In an effort to identify the sources that may improve the accuracy and robustness of the previously proposed model, we present in this paper a new approach for modeling the crystal growth in stressed Si layers. The technique is based upon the coupling of a transition-state-theory-based model, a finite element model of the sequentially weak coupling analysis for fluid-solid interaction, and the marker particle method.
Nicotinic-glutamatergic interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats.

Nicotinic systems have been shown to be critically involved in cognitive function including attention. Nicotine has been shown to improve performance on attentional tasks in humans with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nicotine has mixed effects on attentional accuracy in unimpaired rats with findings of increased, reduced or unaltered accuracy under different conditions. Nicotine effects on attentional function in rats might be more clearly seen in reversing impaired performance. The current study determined nicotine effects on attentional accuracy reduced by the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801). Sprague–Dawley rats (N=35) were trained on a food-motivated two-lever operant task with one lever correct after a brief visual signal (0.027–1.22 lx) for hits and the other lever correct after the absence of a signal for correct rejections. First, a dose response study of dizocilpine was conducted to determine the threshold for impairment. The rats were administered acute doses of dizocilpine (0, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/kg, sc). The 50 μg/kg dose caused significant (p<0.0005) reduction in percent hit at the four highest signal intensities. Percent correct rejection was also significantly lowered by this dose (p<0.005). No effect was seen with 12.5 μg/kg and only minimal effect seen with 25 μg/kg. Then, nicotine–dizocilpine interactions were investigated. The rats were administered acute doses of dizocilpine (0, 37.5 and 50 μg/kg, sc) and nicotine (0, 25 and 50 μg/kg, sc), alone or in combination. Percent hit was affected by nicotine and dizocilpine in a complex fashion with only the nicotine×dizocilpine×signal intensity interaction being significant (p<0.05). Percent correct rejection showed a more straightforward effect. Percent correct rejection was significantly reduced by 50 μg/kg dizocilpine (p<0.025). The addition of 25 μg/kg of nicotine significantly (p<0.025) reversed the dizocilpine-induced reduction of correct rejection. This study shows that dizocilpine reduces signal detection accuracy in a dose-dependent fashion. Nicotine can partially counteract an aspect of this reduction by reversing the dizocilpine-induced reduction of correct rejection.
Stability constant studies on a new selective chelating agent for mercury(II)

Abstract A new chelating agent, phthalytetrathioacetic acid, (PTTA), has been characterized and found to be highly selective for Hg 2+ . All four of its ionization constants have been determined and the stability constants of its complexes with Hg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Cd 2+ estimated. The mercury complex has a stability constant greater than those of the other complexes by a factor of at least 10 10 . The high selectivity for the Hg 2+ ion is due to a closely spaced group of thioether sulfurs and a rather wide separation of the carboxylic acid groups which are potential members of chelate rings. The mercury complexes present in aqueous solution are Hg(PTTA)H 2 , log K = 18·8 at low pH and Hg(PTTA) (OH) 2 , log K = 45 at high pH. The presence of thioether, rather than thiol sulfur atoms has the result that the chelate with Pb 2+ is of low stability.
Impact of analysis of frozen-section margin on reoperation rates in women undergoing lumpectomy for breast cancer: evaluation of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data.

Background Reoperation for positive margins after lumpectomy for breast cancer is common. Intraoperative analysis of frozen-section (FS) margins permits immediate re-excision, avoiding reoperation. The aim of this study was to compare reoperation rates between an institution using routine FS analysis of all margins and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data. Methods We designed a retrospective cohort analysis comparing the NSQIP data from a FS single institution with the national NSQIP data from 2006 to 2010. Women undergoing lumpectomy for cancer were identified (N = 24,217), and reoperation rates were compared by the use of χ2 analyses and multivariable logistic regression. During this time period, NSQIP did not differentiate between reoperations for complications or oncologic reasons. Reoperation rates for mastectomy patients (N = 21,734) and lumpectomy patients without cancer (N = 2,777) over the same time period were analyzed as controls, because reoperations after these procedures likely would be for reasons other than positive margins. Results The 30-day reoperation rate after lumpectomy for cancer was greater nationally than at the FS institution (13.2% vs 3.6%, P Conclusion Intraoperative FS margin analysis decreases the number of reoperations for patients undergoing breast conservation for breast cancer. This technique has important implications for patient satisfaction and cost of care.
NanoCell Electronic Memories

NanoCells are disordered arrays of metallic islands that are interlinked with molecules between micrometer-sized metallic input/output leads. In the past, simulations had been conducted showing that the NanoCells may function as both memory and logic devices that are programmable postfabrication. Reported here is the first assembly of a NanoCell with disordered arrays of molecules and Au islands. The assembled NanoCells exhibit reproducible switching behavior and two types of memory effects at room temperature. The switch-type memory is characteristic of a destructive read, while the conductivity-type memory features a nondestructive read. Both types of memory effects are stable for more than a week at room temperature, and bit level ratios (0:1) of the conductivity-type memory have been observed to be as high as 104:1 and reaching 106:1 upon ozone treatment, which likely destroys extraneous leakage pathways. Both molecular electronic and nanofilamentary metal switching mechanisms have been considered, th...
Global attractivity in a quadratic-linear rational difference equation with delay

We investigate the global behaviour of non-negative solutions of the following rational difference equation with arbitrary delay and quadratic terms in its numerator: where all coefficients are non-negative and and γ>0. In this case, the origin is the only non-negative fixed point and we establish the asymptotic stability of the origin relative to an invariant set and behaviour of positive solutions outside that invariant set. We also state conditions implying that the invariant set is , i.e. the origin is a global attractor of all non-negative solutions.
Mainstreaming: An Examination of the Attitudes and Needs of Regular Classroom Teachers:

A questionnaire was administered to elementary-school regular class teachers to determine their attitudes and needs in regard to mainstreaming the exceptional child. The questionnaire was designed ...
Superoxide dismutase in wounded etiolated pea seedlings

Abstract The activities of three related enzymes, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, were followed in decapitated (wounded) etiolated pea stem tissue. Of the three enzyme activities, only that of superoxide dismutase showed a significant loss and recovery pattern within 1 hr. The change in enzymatic activity appears to result from protein loss and recovery.
College management of student death: A survey

Abstract A national survey of Association for Death Education and Counseling members who coded themselves as employed in higher education in the 1989–1990 membership directory was conducted during that school year. Of the 141 members solicited,53 (38 %) of the sample responded with answers to questions about how their school managed student death and what they found to be helpful on a case by case basis. Results indicated that most schools did not have a written policy of operation, there was very little training of personnel in death matters, and the functionaries that were called into play were determined in large part by school size or mission. The main obstacle to carrying out successful efforts in managing death on campus related to the timely relay of facts and information from police and other officials. There were a number of helpful practices listed and gleaned from the cases presented.
Effect of H2O on sulfur poisoning and catalytic activity of Ni–YSZ catalysts

Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most desirable fuel cells for stationary power generation and are used as auxiliary power sources in transportation applications. The fuel flexibility and higher efficiency of an SOFC make it a favorable choice. The Ni-based catalysts that are currently used have coking and sulfur tolerance issues. The current work focuses on studying the effect of H2S on the catalytic activity of Ni–YSZ catalysts, for various methane conversion reactions. Steady-state reaction experiments are complemented by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) studies and post-reaction characterization using TEM and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. It is found that oxidation sites are less susceptible to sulfur poisoning, and that the presence of water in the feed increases deactivation due to sulfur. Interactions between sulfur and the YSZ support are also observed. These results provide further insight into the deactivation process due to sulfur over Ni–YSZ catalysts, and hold relevance in determining operating conditions of internally reforming fuel cells for sulfur-contaminated hydrocarbon fuels.
Publication bias : a problem in interpreting medical data

Publication bias, the phenomenon in which studies with positive results are more likely to be published than studies with negative results, is a serious problem in the interpretation of scientific research. Various hypothetical models have been studied which clarify the potential for bias and highlight characteristics which make a study especially susceptible to bias. Empirical investigations have supported the hypothesis that bias exists and have provided a quantitative assessment of the magnitude of the problem. The use of meta‐analysis as a research tool has focused attention on the issue, since naive methodologies in this area are especially susceptible to bias. In this paper we review the available research, discuss alternative suggestions for conducting unbiased meta‐analysis and suggest some scientific policy measures which could improve the quality of published data in the long term.
Some New Convergence Conditions for Jacobi's Method

Abstract Let Aχ = b be a linear system or equations in which A is an n × n matrix and both χ and b are n dimensional column vectors. If in addition A is row diagonally predominant (i.e. for any i, ¦:a ii ¦>¦:a ij ¦: for all 1⩽j⩽n,i≠j), then criteria are developed to show how to ascertain when such matrix problems may be successfully solved using Jacobi's iterative method.
Oral cancer preventive practices of South Carolina dentists and physicians.

The purpose of this study was to assess the South Carolina (SC) dentists’ and physicians’ oral cancer knowledge and practices and interest in training in oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation counseling. Method used was a cross-sectional survey of SC dentists and selected physician specialties with responses to mailed questionnaires summarized by descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for comparisons. Overall response rates were 58%for dentists and 44% for physicians. Dentists (81%) and 13% of the physicians reported conduct of oral cancer examinations at least half of the time over the past 12 months. Dentists (41%) and 83% of physicians assisted patients to quit smoking. Few dentists (19%) and 53% of physicians were aware of SC tobacco cessation resources. Dentists (40%) and physicians (37%) were interested in receiving training in oral cancer screening, and 36% and 49%, respectively, in training in tobacco cessation counseling. Results support the development of tailored education for SC dentists and physicians to achieve Healthy People 2010 Oral Health Objectives for Oral Cancer.
Psychological and behavioral therapies in medicine

Abstract The author reviews the development of psychotherapeutic treatments for medically ill patients, including the rationales that underlie the various therapies. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of analytic psychotherapy and related treatments, and the more recent work with behavioral techniques, including biofeedback and relaxation therapy. The complex picture that emerges is a hopeful one, but points up the need for more carefully controlled comparison studies to establish which approaches are most useful for which particular patients.
Spectroscopy of the rare-earth hexaborides: From correlation gaps to colossal magnetoresistance

We present a temperature- and field-dependent Raman scattering study of the “metal-semiconductor” transitions in SmB6 and EuB6. Below a characteristic temperature T∗ ∼ 50 K, the Raman scattering spectrum of SmB6 is characterized by (i) an abrupt redistribution of electronic scattering intensity across a temperature-independent energy, Δc, reflecting the opening of a pseudo-gap, and (ii) the appearance of several in-gap resonances which appear to be crystal-electric-field transitions of the Sm3+ ion which are split by local lattice distortions. By contrast, the metal-semiconductor (MS) transition in EuB6 manifests itself as a change from a diffusive electronic scattering response in the high-temperature paramagnetic phase, to a flat continuum scattering response in the low-temperature ferromagnetic metal phase which is characteristic of a strongly-correlated metal. Most interesting is evidence that the MS transition in EuB6 is precipitated by the formation of bound magnetic polarons.
Classification of high-dimensional data using the Sparse Matrix Transform

In this paper, we develop a classification method for high-dimensional data based on the Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT). The recently proposed SMT has been shown to produce more accurate estimates of covariance matrices when the number of training samples n is much less than the number of dimensions p of the data. Here we introduce a classifier that uses the SMT to model the covariance structure of the data. Experiments in face recognition using the FERET face database show that our method is superior to a conceptually very similar and low-dimensional method in at least two key aspects: First, the SMT classifier is more robust to the size of the training set, remaining accurate even when only a few training samples are available; Second, the total computation required to apply the SMT classifier to high-dimensional data is very low, making this method attractive for use in low-power and mobile devices, or in application settings requiring fast computation
Making It Work: Creating a Student-Friendly Repository of Instructional Videos.

This case study investigates how a team of librarians at Nova Southeastern University (NSU) worked together to assess and optimize their library's current instructional videos in order to create a mobile-first video hosting platform, known as LibraryLearn. Instructional library videos serve as invaluable resources for students who are not present to partake in synchronous library training. However, once a library has produced a substantial number of videos, the need to organize and routinely update these videos can become a rather daunting challenge, especially when facing obstacles such as loss of original video files, decentralized access points, and viewing incompatibilities among different browsers, operating systems, and mobile devices. In order to enhance user experience and maximize productivity, the development of the LibraryLearn video platform helps to overcome issues regarding usability, accessibility, and incompatibility in order to provide students with “on demand” library instruction.
Longitudinal injection transients in an electron storage ring

We present the results of an experimental study of the longitudinal beam dynamics at injection in the Advanced Light Source (ALS), an electron storage ring. By measuring the longitudinal bunch distribution following injection using a streak camera, we were able to study several useful and interesting e.ects as well as improve overall injection efficiency. These include measurement and correction of the phase and energy offsets at injection, measurement of the injected bunch length and energy spread, direct observation of phase space filamentation due to the spread in synchrotron frequencies, and measurement of the effective damping rate of the bunch shape including radiation damping and decoherence. We have also made some initial studies of the decay of an uncaptured beam at injection which may provide a novel means of measuring the radiation loss per turn.
Accuracy of self-reported weight: A meta-analysis

The debate over the ability of researchers to substitute self-reports for measured weights is not settled. Studies conducted to date on the self-reports of weight have not provided a clear conclusion as to whether self-reports of weight are valid. The purpose of the present study was to organize and integrate the conflicting findings utilizing the statistical methods of meta-analysis ( Hedges & Olkin, 1985 ). Data were analyzed by two methods of constructing effect sizes for the total sample, by sex of subject, and by type of population. Bias was found to be a significant component of self-reported weight for all groups. Discrepancies between self-report and true weight are reported for all groups, including estimations in pounds. Self-reported weight is concluded to be sufficiently accurate for epidemiological groups but not in clinical weight-loss subjects pools. Recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.
The Social Regulation of Grief

This article explores the social regulation of grief as a function of normative criteria that assign differential social merit to different kinds of major relationship losses. Grief scholarship has been built largely on conventional assumptions about intimate attachment and its loss that overlook the possibility that the loss of an intimate other may not confer a socially legitimate right to grieve. This suggests the importance of understanding both the grief role and the subjective experience of grief itself as socially constructed. The social regulation of grief is examined in terms of the loss of “de-moralized” intimate relationships — those that are socially undervalued as well as those that are socially devalued, or stigmatized.
The diazofluorene antitumor antibiotics: Structural elucidation, biosynthetic, synthetic, and chemical biological studies

Covering: up to 2011 This review presents a comprehensive survey of all aspects of the kinamycins and lomaiviticins, potent antiproliferative antimicrobial metabolites isolated from various strains of Streptomyces and Salinispora. The kinamycins and lomaiviticins contain a diazotetrahydrobenzo[b]fluorene (diazofluorene) functional group, which is unique among known natural products. This review begins with an account of the studies leading to the final (correct) structure determination of the kinamycins, which were originally proposed to contain an N-cyano carbazole function. This is followed by a discussion of biosynthetic studies, which established the polyketide nature of the kinamycins. Descriptions of four completed syntheses of various kinamycins, synthetic studies toward the lomaiviticins, syntheses of the carbohydrates of the lomaiviticins, and syntheses of structurally-related metabolites, are then presented. A survey of chemical biological investigations, including in vitro reactivity studies, which indicate that the kinamycins and lomaiviticins may form reactive ortho-quinone methide or free radical intermediates in vivo, is presented. Finally, a selection of structurally-related metabolites are described.
Chymotrypsin and trypsin levels in adult Aedes atropalpus and Toxorhynchites brevipalpis (Theobald)

Abstract 1. 1. Aedes atropalpus females are autogenous for their first gonadotrophic cycle. 2. 2. A significant increase in chymotrypsin activity was noted in whole body extracts of females after adult eclosion starting at 12 hr, peaking at 24 hr and declining thereafter. 3. 3. Trypsin activity was low and constant throughout the first gonadotrophic cycle. 4. 4. Chymotrypsin activity in 24 hr females was distributed approximately equally between the thorax and abdomen. Within the abdomen, 60% of the activity was attributable to the fat body and 40% to the midgut. 5. 5. Decapitation of A. atropalpus within 1 hr after adult emergence reduced the chymotrypsin level at 24 hr to about 50% of the intact control. 6. 6. After oviposition a second gonadotrophic cycle was initiated in A. atropalpus by blood-feeding. Now it was found that tryptic activity, rather than chymotrypsin, predominated. 7. 7. Chymotrypsin activity far exceeded trypsin in Toxorhynchites brevepalpis, a species which remains autogenous for life.
Low-cost computer interfaced rain gauge

Abstract A conventional tipping bucket rain gauge was directly interfaced with a battery-powered portable lap top computer for digital data acquisition, storage, processing, and uploading to a mainframe computer system. A simple software program was written in BASIC to allow rainfall data recordings of each 0.254 mm of rain with a time resolution of 1 s. The method provides an inexpensive means to improve the time resolution of tipping bucket rain gauges, reduces the costs associated with data processing, and decreases data analysis time.
Performance evaluation of a simulated data-flow computer with low-resolution act

Basic problems related to the exploitation of parallelism in a program include sequencing of the instructions and communication of the data. It is pointed out that the data-flow approach offers an elegant solution to the sequencing problem, since all data dependencies are automatically handled and only instructions with ready input sets are activated. It is shown that a change in the level of subcomputations (actors) affects communications costs. The concept of variable resolution is discussed, and the testbed environment is examined. Attention is given to the architecture of the processing elements, the communication network, and the simulators. A description of the analytical model is also provided. Simulation and results are discussed, taking into account test programs and allocation, the variation of the number of processing elements, the variation of the resolution in directed acyclic graphs, performance in processing loops, and array handling.
Feigin-Fuchs Representation of String Functions

The null space structure of the parafermionic theory is studied. A Feigin-Fuchs representation with two bosons on a Lorenzian lattice is used. The null states are constructed as contour integrals of screening operators. The characters or the string functions for the parafermionic theory are derived from the null states.
A critical assessment of effects of acidification on fisheries in North America

Recently the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored through North Carolina State University, a critical assessment of acid rain effects in the United States. Our charge was to evaluate critically the peer-reviewed, published literature on effects of aquatic biota. Three types of evidence are available: field comparative studies across pH gradients (space or time); laboratory experiments where pH is manipulated; and field experiments in which the pH of lakes or streams is manipulated. Most inferences have been made from comparative studies, the least in field manipulations. Our judgements were that the strength of a statement on effects was increased when two or more types of information supported the conclusion. A weakness in the North American experience is the absence of field manipulative experiments. Also the observed correspondence among results inferred by all three types of evidence, strengthened results available only from comparative studies or only from laboratory studies. After such an analysis, it is clear that when acidification occurs fisheries have been and will be damaged by loss of fish, reductions in benthic and planktonic invertebrates and possibly by the accumulation of periphyton and detritus. Functional responses of aquatic ecosystems are more poorly known. Expected pH values of sensitive waters in the U.S.A. after long-term acidification are expected to be between pH 4.3 and 4.9.
CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS, BY HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, OF CERITHIDEA CALIFORNICA (GASTROPODA: PROSOBRANCHIA)

Fairbairn has identified glucose and trehalose from a variety of freshwater and marine gastropods. Recent studies on several freshwater snails have identified glucose and maltose, but not trehalose in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata. The purpose of this study was to determine, by HPTLC, the presence of carbohydrates in the economically important marine snail Cerithidea californica. In addition to authentic carbohydrate standards, tissue and hemolymph of B. glabrata were analyzed along with C. californica samples. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of glucose and maltose and the absence of trehalose in the B. glabrata samples. None of these carbohydrates were detected in the C. californica samples. The only carbohydrate tentatively identified in the C. californica samples was raffinose. Possible reasons for not determining the major carbohydrates in C. californica are discussed in the paper.
Parameter identification for joint elements in a revolute-joint detector manipulator.

A revolute-joint robot is being developed for the spatial positioning of an x-ray detector at the Advanced Photon Source. Commercially available revolute-joint manipulators do not meet our size, positioning, or payload specifications. One idea being considered is the modification of a commercially available robot, with the goal of improving the repeatability and trajectory accuracy. Theoretical, computational, and experimental procedures are being used to (1) identify, (2) simulate the dynamics of an existing robot system using a multibody approach, and eventually (3) design an improved version, with low dynamic positioning uncertainty. A key aspect of the modeling and performance prediction is accurate stiffness and damping values for the robot joints. This paper discusses the experimental identification of the stiffness and damping parameters for one robot harmonic drive joint.
Integrating A Mentorship Component in Programming for Care and Support of AIDS-Orphaned and Vulnerable Children: Lessons from the Suubi and Bridges Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Purpose We examine a mentorship component within a family-based economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda.
Renal function and outcome of PTRA and stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Renal function and outcome of PTRA and stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Background Prior studies of percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty and stenting (PTRAS) for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) have shown that renal function is improved in about 25%, stabilizes in about 40%, but worsens in about 25% of patients. The factors predicting benefit remain controversial. We tested the hypothesis that the baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) predicts the changes in GFR and blood pressure (BP) after PTRAS. Methods Treated hypertensive patients with positive renal color-coded duplex Doppler velocimetry and clinical criteria were screened by arteriography. Patients ( N = 105) were included if they had an RAS ≥70%, a transluminal pressure gradient ≥30mm Hg and, they had more than 100 days of follow-up. GFR was calculated from the serum creatinine concentration (S Cr ). Patients were divided by baseline GFR into subgroups with normal to mildly impaired ( N = 52) or moderately to severely impaired ( N = 53) initial GFR, according to a GFR ≥50 or -1 respectively. All received PTRAS. Results For the entire group, after a mean follow-up period of 371 days, there were significant reductions in systolic and diastolic BP (before, 160 ± 26/91 ± 12 vs. after, 145 ± 20/83 ± 10mm Hg, respectively; mean ± SD; P -1 ; mean ± SD; P -1 ; mean ± SD; P P = NS). In contrast, in the subgroup with an initially higher GFR, there were significant ( P -1 ; P = NS). The significance of GFR variation in subgroups remained after correction of baseline data to exclude the influence of the expected regression to the mean. Conclusions Patients with atherosclerotic RAS fulfilling strict criteria of severity may have significant improvements in BP one year after PTRAS but only modest in GFR. The initial GFR may anticipate whether the benefits in the outcome will be in renal function enhancement (those with an initially depressed GFR) or in hypertension control (those with an initially normal or mildly impaired GFR).
Functions of purified L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells in vitro and in vivo

The expression of L3T4 and Lyt-2 cell surface molecules separates T cells into two broad, non-overlapping subsets: typical T helper cells are L3T4+ Lyt-2- whereas most T killer cells and their precursors are L3T4- Lyt-2+. This review compares highly purified populations of unprimed L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells for their capacity to respond to class I vs. class II H-2 alloantigens. Various parameters are considered, including generation of mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and cell mediated lympholysis (CML) in vitro, proliferative responses in irradiated mice, graft-versus-host reactions and skin allograft rejection. In all of these assays the two T cell subsets exhibit marked specificity in their response to H-2 alloantigens, L3T4+ cells responding only to class II and not class I differences and Lyt-2+ cells showing reciprocal specificity. Contrary to current dogma, the bulk of the evidence suggests that primary responses of Lyt-2+ cells do not depend on exogenous help provided by other T cells.
Two Memory Bounds for the Recognition of Primes by Automata

This paper establishes two bounds for the rate of growth of memory in automata which recognize the set of primes.
Institute of Child Welfare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 14, Minnesota

(1950). Institute of Child Welfare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 14, Minnesota. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 199-227.
Transplanting Hearts after Death Measured by Cardiac Criteria: The Challenge to the Dead Donor Rule

The current definition of death used for donation after cardiac death relies on a determination of the irreversible cessation of the cardiac function. Although this criterion can be compatible with transplantation of most organs, it is not compatible with heart transplantation since heart transplants by definition involve the resuscitation of the supposedly "irreversibly" stopped heart. Subsequently, the definition of "irreversible" has been altered so as to permit heart transplantation in some circumstances, but this is unsatisfactory. There are three available strategies for solving this "irreversibility problem": altering the definition of death so as to rely on circulatory irreversibility, rather than cardiac; defining death strictly on the basis of brain death (either whole-brain or more pragmatically some higher brain criteria); or redefining death in traditional terms and simultaneously legalizing some limited instances of medical killing to procure viable hearts. The first two strategies are the most ethically justifiable and practical.