cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Ultra-Low-Noise LDO Regulator in 65 nm for Analog Front-End ASICs in Cryogenic Environment

Low dropout (LDO) voltage regulators, which provide a clean supply for analog and mixed-signal systems, are essential to low-noise front-end electronics in high energy physics experiments and beyond. This paper analyzes the noise sources in an LDO where the input referred noise of the error amplifier is the dominant noise source. Implemented in 65 nm technology, the LDO presented here regulates a noisy 1.5 V supply and outputs a stable and low-noise nominal 1.175 V voltage with load current ranging from a few milliamp up to 150 mA. The design achieves higher than 75% power efficiency at both room and cryogenic temperatures at maximum load, with more than 40 dB power supply rejection up to 400 kHz. The simulated RMS noise from 10 Hz to 100 kHz is less than 2 µV at room temperature and less than 1 µV at 77 K. The regulator requires an external capacitance of 50 µF for stability. A number of next-generation detectors can greatly benefit from having this voltage regulator directly integrated in the front-end application-specific integrated circuits (FE-ASICs) working at room and cryogenic temperatures.
focus on management methods: Reducing hospital costs: Part I

(1973). focus on management methods: Reducing hospital costs: Part I. Hospital Topics: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 32-37.
Viral enteritis in intestinal transplant recipients.

Intestinal transplant recipients (ITR) are at high risk for infections due to the high level of immunosuppression required to prevent rejection. There are limited data regarding viral enteritis post-intestinal transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed ITR transplanted between January 2008 and December 2016. Descriptive statistics, including mean (standard deviation) and median (range), were performed. Sixty-one (43.9%) of the 139 transplanted patients had viral enteritis: 26% norovirus, 25% adenovirus, and 9% each rotavirus and sapovirus. The median age of pediatric patients was 1.6 years (0.4-16.9) and for adults 36.3 years (27.1-48.2). Fifty-seven (58%) of 99 pediatric ITR had viral enteritis compared to 4 (10%) of 40 adult ITR. Median time-to-clinical resolution of enteritis for all patients was 5 days (1-92). Standard of care therapies administered: anti-motility agents (10%), anti-emetics agents (14%), and intravenous fluids (42%). There was a higher incidence of viral enteritis in pediatric compared to adults ITR. The majority of viral enteritis episodes resolved within 1 week and were treated with supportive therapy.
19 – Diffusion Coefficients

Publisher Summary The chapter emphasizes on diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficient is the proportionality between flux and concentration gradient. The electrode area can be determined electrochemically with equations equivalent to an equation and by using a redox couple having a known diffusion coefficient. For existing redox couples, the value of n is often known but for the characterization of a new species, n has to be experimentally determined. Coulometric or thin layer methods are preferred for such determinations. The techniques required for the determination of diffusion coefficients have its own strengths and weaknesses that need to be evaluated before selecting a method. Under conditions of ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), planar diffusion occurs at short times because the diffusion distance is small as compared to the electrode dimensions. For diffusion coefficient measurements with UMEs, the steady-state current is usually measured. Certain techniques, such as LSV, can only be applied to measure diffusion coefficients for nernstian systems. Before measuring the diffusion coefficient of a new compound, both the technique and the equipment need to be tested by using at least one standard compound. An advantage of UME determinations of the diffusion coefficient is that measurements can be made in solutions of low conductivity, which means low or no supporting electrolyte.
Literature Review: Examining Contextual Integrity within Human-Computer Interaction

Nissenbaum’s Framework of Contextual Integrity (CI) provides a mechanism for understanding the negotiation of privacy between two or more parties. In this position paper, we present a preliminary review of recent Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature that uses Nissenbaum’s framework. For this initial analysis, we used a keyword search and examined peer-reviewed papers published between the years of 2008 and 2017 in the top 20 HCI venues according to Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Research. Overall, we found that many of the studies do not implement CI within the design of their study nor do they provide summative evaluations. To close these gaps, we recommend HCI researchers to engage more thoroughly with the framework to inform their research designs and conduct studies that provide a deeper understanding of how the framework applies and can be extended in various contexts. We also recommend researchers pursue more summative evaluations based on CI for new technology solutions.
Abstract TP80: Imaging Characteristics of Methamphetamine-Associated Ischemic Strokes

Objective: To examine the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke and concurrent methamphetamine (meth) use. Introduction: Meth is a highly addictive stimul...
Have You Been Served? International Service of Process by Registered Mail

The international service of process by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, is a viable option for service legal process on defendants in many countries around the world. Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, service by mail is allowed unless the law of the receiving foreign country explicitly prohibits such service.
Soil surfactants applied with 15N labeled urea increases bermudagrass uptake of nitrogen and reduces nitrogen leaching

Background: Increasing nitrogen (N) plant uptake efficiency may result in better plant quality and growth, less N susceptible to leaching and potential contamination to surrounding environments. Soil surfactants have been documented to increase water infiltration and enhance water uniformity throughout the soil profile. Thus, applying a surfactant may increase N uptake and use efficiency. Methods: To investigate this theory, four treatments were applied to bermudagrass grown in leaching columns filled with one of three soils (sand, sandy loam, and sandy clay loam): (1) 10% alkoxylated polyols and 7% of glucoethers surfactant with ¹⁵N labeled urea, (2) 10% oleic acid esters of block copolymer surfactant with ¹⁵N labeled urea, (3) water with ¹⁵N labeled urea, and (4) water without ¹⁵N labeled urea. Ambient ¹⁵N was determined by the no surfactant and no urea treatment. Each treatment combination was replicated five times and the greenhouse experiment was repeated. Bermudagrass quality and density, leachate volume, and volumetric water content were determined over a 28d period following application. Determination of ¹⁵N recovery in plant, soil, and leachate occurred at experiment termination. Results: Applying either surfactant with urea resulted in significantly higher soil volumetric water content (in sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils) and higher bermudagrass clipping yield (in all soils) than urea. Surfactants applied with urea decreased percent ¹⁵N recovery in leachate from sand by 37–46%, increased percent ¹⁵N recovery in the sandy loam by 37%, and increased percent utilization of ¹⁵N by bermudagrass grown in the sandy clay loam by 61–67% compared to urea applied alone. Conclusion: Applying surfactants with urea can increase bermudagrass N uptake efficiency and reduce potential N leaching.
An expanding view of aminoglycoside-nucleic acid recognition.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the applications of aminoglycosides in the field of medicine. The origin of aminoglycoside antibiotics began with streptomycin 60 years ago. Isolated from Actinomyces griseus, streptomycin immediately found applications for the treatment against the tuberculosis-causing microorganism—Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This was the second antibiotic after penicillin to be used clinically. Throughout the coming years, a number of aminoglycosides were discovered with varying potencies for treating infections. However, therapeutic applications were diminished by the emergence of resistance to aminoglycosides by bacteria. Though widely known for binding to prokaryotic ribosomal RNA, aminoglycosides have more recently shown affinity for other nucleic acid targets. This opens door to a new area of therapeutic applications. This chapter outlines the history of aminoglycosides, from their discovery, structural elucidation, and mechanism of action to the current knowledge of mechanisms of action and resistance, toxicity, and novel nucleic acid targets. Owing to a number of recent reviews pertaining to some of these areas, particular emphasis is placed on the recently discovered aminoglycoside targets and their potential therapeutic applications.
Stochastic optimal control theory and its application to control of a batch reactor with unknown parameters and process noise

Abstract The real-time control of a stochastic dynamical system involving unknown parameters is the subject of this paper. A recursive scheme for simultaneous online identification and adaptive control is derived by a perturbational solution of the stochastic Hamilton Jacobi equation for optimal control A comparison with the frequently advocated approach of deterministic adaptive control based on the separation principle reveals that the stochastic adaptive control, while being optimal obviously, is also computationally as simple as the deterministic approximation and should therefore be preferred.
Bacterial Abscess, Cerebral

Brain abscess is a focal, suppurative process within the brain parenchyma that begins in an area of cerebritis or devitalized brain tissue due to hypoxia, ischemia, or infarction and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. A brain abscess may arise from a contiguous cranial infection, such as chronic otitis media or a frontoethmoidal sinusitis, or from hematogenous spread of infection from a remote site. The majority of brain abscesses that arise from a contiguous infection are solitary, whereas those that arise from hematogenous spread of infection tend to be multiple. Penetrating craniocerebral trauma or a neurosurgical procedure can also be the cause of a brain abscess. A brain abscess presents as an expanding intracranial mass lesion rather than as an infectious process. The most common symptom is headache, occurring in >75% of patients. Fever is present in only 50% of patients at presentation, but >60% have a focal neurological deficit. Seizures occur in 25–40% of patients. The diagnosis of a brain abscess is made by neuroimaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being more sensitive than computed tomography (CT). MRI is better able to demonstrate an abscess in the early cerebritis stage than CT. The specific etiological organism is identified by Gram's stain and the culture of brain abscess pus obtained by stereotactic CT-guided aspiration and drainage. A 6–8 week course of intravenous antimicrobial therapy is followed by a 2–3 month course of oral antimicrobial therapy.
ON QUASIEQUILIBRIUM STATES AND RANGE DEGENERACY FOR LINEAR SEMIGROUP SYSTEMS

Abstract For an abstract free-motion system x(t) = S(t)x(0), t ≥ 0 characterized by a semigroup of linear operators S(t) on a linear space X-fundamental properties of quasiequilibrium states (QEQ) and degeneracy directions (DED) are examined. The main theorem establishes duality between these notions. The paper can be viewed as generalization of pointwise degeneracy phenomenon known for functional-differential systems and may have also considerable implications in the structure theory of infinite-dimensional input-output systems.
Bibliografía fundamental de y sobre Dulce María Loynaz

Galardonada en Espana en 1992 con el Premio Cervantes de literatura, la poeta cubana Dulce Maria Loynaz recibio asi un justo reconocimiento a su labor literaria. En este articulo el autor nos presenta una bibliografia fundamental de la obra de Loynaz dividida en dos partes: la primera, denominada Obras de Dulce Maria Loynaz, incluye una bibliografia activa de la poeta por orden cronologico de publicacion, ademas de conferencias y articulos. La segunda seccion esta compuesta de la bibliografia pasiva, esto es, Critica sobre Dulce Maria Loynaz, donde se incluyen bibliografias, ensayos, entrevistas, disertaciones y opiniones sobre la obra de Loynaz. Esta bibliografia tiene el proposito de difundir la produccion literaria de la poeta.
POLY(ORGANOPHOSPHAZENES) DESIGNED FOR BIOMEDICAL USES

Abstract : Three classes of poly(organophosphazenes) have been synthesized with biomedical uses in view. These include hydrophobic poly(fluoroalkoxyphosphazenes), such as [NP(OCH 2 CF 3 ) 2 ], poly(amino acid ester phosphazenes), such as [NP(NHCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 ) 2 ] n , and coordination complexes of the type [NP(NHCH 3 ) 2 ] x (PtC1 2 ) y . The platinum-containing species were designed as water-soluble polymeric anticancer agents, and the amino acid ester substituted polyphosphazenes were designed to degrade hydrolytically to amino acid, phosphate, alcohol, and ammonia. The structure and reactions of the polymers are discussed.
ISSUES IN THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AIRPORT GROUND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Loop transportation systems are studied. The standard critical link analysis is evaluated and found to be deficient in several ways. The concepts of spatial and temporal service variability are introduced and means of quantifying these phenomena are presented. A simulation model is used to assess the effects of service variability on performance or waiting times. The models presented are designed to augment the critical link analysis and to allow designers to gain a better feel for the system behavior before running detailed simulations.
Organic electroreductions at very negative potentials

Organic electroreductions at mercury cathodes in tetraalkylammonium (TAA+) electrolyte solutions at the limit of the cathodic “potential window” are described. Aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorides, ethers and heterocycles, as well as aliphatic ketones, alkenes and alkynes have been studied, using both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. At these very negative potentials neither the TAA+ cation nor the mercury cathode are inert, instead they combine to form TAA-mercury. It is hypothesized, and supporting evidence is presented, that TAA-mercury serve as mediators in the organic electroreductions. The mediated reactions show remarkable selectivity in certain cases and it is shown that this selectivity can be improved by the choice of the TAA+.
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

This article highlights the need and the value of SMBG in type 2 diabetes. More importantly, the article brings out its role for long-term complications of type 2 diabetes if glucose patterns are evaluated and necessary action is taken for therapeutic changes in time.
Some Complex Quantum Manifolds and their Geometry

Quantum spheres can be defined in any number of dimensions by normalizing a vector of quantum Euclidean space [1]. The differential calculus on quantum Euclidean space [2] induces a calculus on the quantum sphere. The case of two-spheres in three-space is special in that there are many more possibilities. These have been studied by P. Podleś [3, 4, 5, 6] who has defined quantum spheres as quantum spaces on which quantum SU q (2) coacts. He has also developed a noncommutative differential calculus on them. In these lectures we consider, following [7], a special case of Podles spheres which is one of those special to three space dimensions.
Integrating semantic frames from multiple sources

Semantic resources of predicate-argument structure have high potential to enable increased quality in language understanding. Several alternative frame collections exist, but they cover different sets of predicates and use different role sets. We integrate semantic frame information given a predicate verb using three available collections: FrameNet, PropBank, and the LCS database. For each word sense in WordNet, we automatically assign the corresponding FrameNet frame and align frame roles between FrameNet and PropBank frames and between FrameNet and LCS frames, and verify the results manually. The results are avilable as part of ISI’s Omega ontology.
Solute geochemistry of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon

The authors report that proposed geochemical reactions controlling solutes in the Snake River plain aquifer system are precipitation of calcite and silica; dissolution of olivine, pyroxene, pyrite, and and-hydrite; and weathering of plagioclase. About 20 percent of solutes are from aquifer framework weathering. The remainig solutes are from tributary drainage basins. Proposed geochemical reactions in the geothermal system are dissolution of fluorite, anhydrite, calcite, and feldspars; oxidation of pyrite; and ion exchange. Geothermal water residence time is about 17,700 years.
Expression of prohibitin 3' untranslated region suppressor RNA alters morphology and inhibits motility of breast cancer cells.

The prohibitin 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) belongs to a novel class of non-coding regulatory RNAs. It arrests cell cycle progression by blocking G1-S transition in breast and other cancers. Our previous studies comparing MCF7 derived clones constitutively expressing a common allelic form of prohibitin RNA (UTR/C) to various controls demonstrated that it functions as a tumor suppressor. Here, we further characterized the morphology and motility of these transgenic breast cancer cells when grown in cell culture and on nude mice. In contrast to empty vector (EV) cells, UTR/C cells were observed to grow in an organized manner with more cell-cell contact and differentiate into structures with a duct-like appearance. Computer assisted cytometry to evaluate differences in nuclear morphology was performed on UTR/C and EV tissues from nude mice. Receiver operator curve areas generated using a logistic regression model were 0.8, indicating the ability to quantitatively distinguish UTR/C from EV tissues. Keratinocyte growth factor-induced motility experiments showed that migration of UTR/C cells was significantly reduced (80–90%) compared to EV cells. Together, these data indicate that this novel 3′UTR influences not only the tumorigenic phenotype but also may play a role in differentiation and migration of breast cancer cells.
Introduction: Bounded Rationality of Economic Man: New Frontiers in Evolutionary Psychology and Bioeconomics

This special double issue of the Journal of Bioeconomics on ‘Bioeconomics, Law and Evolutionary Psychology’ takes an interdisciplinary approach to studying bounded rationality of economic man in its ecological, social and institutional environments. The contributors to the special issue come from different disciplines: economics, bioeconomics, psychology, and law. Their research interests involve behavioral decision making, evolutionary biology, law-and-economics/new institutional economics, bioeconomics, experimental economics, game theory, corporate law, risk management, artificial intelligence, and more. The special issue presents not only an interdisciplinary effort but also diverse methods of investigation. The laboratory experiments usually have a high degree of control and accuracy but are low in ecological validity. Theoretical modeling is high in generality but low in precision. Field studies possess a high ecological validity but are less controlled. In this issue, the diversity of methods used by these authors-- theoretical modeling (see Burnham, and Smith), computer simulations (see Dudey & Todd, Smith, and Wang in Landa and Wang), field work (Landa, in Landa & Wang), demographical analysis (Silverman & Case), and laboratory experiments (see Fiddick & Cummins, Saad & Gill, and Wang in Landa & Wang)-- all converge to highlight the importance of knowledge about Homo sapiens in helping us to understand Homo economicus. Mainstream economics and psychology In the center of the mainstream or standard (neoclassical) economic model of decision-making resides the anonymous rational man (Homo economicus) who performs omniscient probability calculations with unlimited cognitive resources, and maximizes expected utility in the face of scarce resources. This hypothetical rational being does all these feats in a world free of institutions and with zero transaction costs. New institutional economics, in the last forty years or so, has criticized mainstream economics and has incorporated concepts of bounded rationality, institutions, and transaction costs. (See Landa & Wang in this issue). In contrast to mainstream economics, psychologists often assume that human learning, memory, and decision-making are constrained by limited mental resources. In their article on the differences between psychological and economical perspectives of human decisions, Zwick, Erev & Budescu (1999, p. 6) wrote: ‘Economists assume that environmental resources are scarce but, ironically, consider the mental resources available to the actors whose behavior is modeled to be unlimited. Psychologists, on the other hand, have always been interested in studying the mechanisms that allow humans and other animals to cope with, and adapt to, an environment that is characterized by subjective information overload.’
Correct Embedded Computing Futures

Embedded computing systems have always been significantly more diverse than their mainstream microprocessor counterparts, but they have also been relatively more simple to design and validate. Given the current global fascination with ubiquitous information and communication services in a highly mobile world, simplicity is rapidly disappearing. Advanced perception systems such as speech and visual feature and gesture recognizers, 3G and 4G cellular telephony algorithms can not currently be done in real time on performance microprocessors let alone at a power budget commensurate with mobile embedded devices. This talk will describe an architectural approach to embedded systems which outperforms performance microprocessors while consuming less power than current embedded systems for the above applications. This approach will be used as a way to highlight new issues of correctness in embedded systems. Namely correctness applies to functional, energy consumption, and real time processing constraints. Given that these issues become even more critical as technology scales makes life even more complex. In order to deal with these hard problems, system architects are creating new system models where the application, operating system, and hardware interact in new ways to collaboratively manage the computational rates and energy consumption. This new system model generates a new set of validation problems that will become critical roadblocks to progress in advanced embedded systems of the future. The talk will conclude with a description of validation challenge problems inspired by the new system model.
Covariance Structure Models

As originally formulated by Bock and by Bock and Bargmann, covariance structure analysis is a statistical method for the structural analysis of the sample variance–covariance matrix of respondent scores on a test battery aimed at validating the constructs making up the battery. A generalization of the mixed-effects model, we examine some of its applications beyond tests and testing. We provide revised results for the data analyzed by Wiley, Schmidt, and Bramble. We note its formal equivalence with a confirmatory factor analysis with known factor loading and note some of its connections to other statistical models for multivariate outcomes. Keywords: covariance structure analysis; confirmatory factor analysis; multivariate mixed-effects linear model; structural equations model
A return of the threshing ring? Motivations, benefits and challenges of machinery and labor sharing arrangements

Cooperative approaches provide an alternative for small- and medium-sized producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This article examines the motivation and effectiveness of equipment and labor sharing arrangements in the Midwestern US. Case study evidence shows that in addition to cost savings, access to skilled, seasonal labor is an important motivation for farm-level cooperation. Key factors identified for successful cooperative agreements include compatibility of operations and members' willingness to communicate and adapt. Sharing resources is found to improve farm profitability, efficiency and farmers' quality of life.
Stable matchings and the small core in Nash equilibrium in the college admissions problem

Both rematching proof and strong equilibrium outcomes are stable with respect to the true preferences in the marriage problem. We show that not all rematching proof or strong equilibrium outcomes are stable in the college admissions problem. But we show that both rematching proof and strong equilibrium outcomes in truncations at the match point are all stable in the college admissions problem. Further, all true stable matchings can be achieved in both rematching proof and strong equilibrium in truncations at the match point. We show that any Nash equilibrium in truncations admits one and only one matching, stable or not. Therefore, the core at a Nash equilibrium in truncations must be small. But examples exist such that the set of stable matchings with respect to a Nash equilibrium may contain more than one matching. Nevertheless, each Nash equilibrium can only admit at most one true stable matching. If, indeed, there is a true stable matching at a Nash equilibrium, then the only possible equilibrium outcome will be the true stable matching, no matter how different are players' equilibrium strategies from the true preferences and how many other unstable matchings are there at that Nash equilibrium. Thus, we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the stable matching rule to be implemented in a subset of Nash equilibria by the direct revelation game induced by a stable mechanism is that every Nash equilibrium profile in that subset admits one and only one true stable matching.
Chapter Twenty-Four - Freedom, Opportunity, and Well-Being

This paper reexamines key results from the measurement of opportunity freedom, or the extent to which a set of options offers a decision maker real opportunities to achieve. Three cases are investigated: no preferences, a single preference, and plural preferences. The three corresponding evaluation methods—the cardinality relation, the indirect utility relation, and the effective freedom relation—and their variations are considered within a common axiomatic framework. Special attention is given to representations of freedom rankings, with the goal of providing practical approaches for measuring opportunity freedom and the extent of people's capabilities.
QDAME simulation of 7.5 nm double-gate Si nFETs with differing access geometries

We describe QDAME, a new device simulation program which solves self-consistently the Poisson and Schrodinger equations in two space dimensions under the approximation of ballistic transport. The effects of differing access geometries on 7.5 nm double-gate Si FETs are discussed.
Naming and Necessity

I hope that some people see some connection between the two topics in the title. If not, anyway, such connections will be developed in the course of these talks. Furthermore, because of the use of tools involving reference and necessity in analytic philosophy today, our views on these topics really have wide-ranging implications for other problems in philosophy that traditionally might be thought far-removed, like arguments over the mind-body problem or the so-called ‘identity thesis’. Materialism, in this form, often now gets involved in very intricate ways in questions about what is necessary or contingent in identity of properties — questions like that. So, it is really very important to philosophers who may want to work in many domains to get clear about these concepts. Maybe I will say something about the mind-body problem in the course of these talks. I want to talk also at some point (I don’t know if I can get it in) about substances and natural kinds.
Sensitivities: an alternative to conditional probabilities for Bayesian belief networks

We show an alternative way of representing a Bayesian belief network by sensitivities and probability distributions. This representation is equivalent to the traditional representation by conditional probabilities, but makes dependencies between nodes apparent and intuitively easy to understand. We also propose a QR matrix representation for the sensitivities and/or conditional probabilities which is more efficient, in both memory requirements and computational speed, than the traditional representation for computer-based implementations of probabilistic inference. We use sensitivities to show that for a certain class of binary networks, the computation time for approximate probabilistic inference with any positive upper bound on the error of the result is independent of the size of the network. Finally, as an alternative to traditional algorithms that use conditional probabilities, we describe an exact algorithm for probabilistic inference that uses the QR-representation for sensitivities and updates probability distributions of nodes in a network according to messages from the neighbors.
Manetho's Twenty-third Dynasty and the legitimization of kushite rule over Egypt

Este articulo considera la identificacion de los reyes en los epitomes de la Dinastia XIII de Maneton, y su funcion en las tradiciones historiograficas del antiguo Egipto. A pesar del rechazo de larga data de la Dinastia XXIII de Maneton como ahistorica, aqui se argumenta que los nombres preservados en la Dinastia XIII son parte de una autentica tradicion historiografica originada con el rey kushita Taharka. El articulo va aun mas alla para sugerir razones especificas de por que la Dinastia XIII fue integrada con otras tradiciones de listas reales, asi como una reconstruccion historica de tal proceso. Mas aun, este analisis identifica funciones especificas para los nombres que aun no han sido identificados, Psammus y Zet, en la version de Julio Africano del epitome de Maneton. El argumento considera la perspectiva politica y cultural de los reyes kushitas que eran responsables de una rama de la tradicion de la lista de reyes y ofrece algunas interpretaciones de las practicas reales kushitas a la luz de estas conclusiones
Agriculture, Conservation, and the Environment: A Unified Policy

As another Farm Bill approaches in 1995, agricultural, conservation, and environmental groups will again negotiate domestic agricultural policies. From past meetings have come such compromise solutions as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and conservation compliance. The upcoming Farm Bill debate could present a rather unique twist. The Iowa Plan (Iowa Farm Bill Study Team 1994), a proposal to reform federal farm policy, has the potential for substantial budget savings (a rarity in today's political society) over current programs. Thus, if the Iowa Plan is adopted, negotiations will turn to the appropriation of the budget savings. This paper demonstrates how these savings could be used to benefit agriculture, conservation, and the environment. Several market-driven approaches to address agricultural-environmental conflicts are presented. From these, a proposal is made to promote agriculture, conservation, and the environment through "green payments" from agriculture's budget savings under the Iowa Plan.
Deriving a minimal I-map of a belief network relative to a target ordering of its nodes

This paper identifies and solves a new optimization problem: Given a belief network (BN) and a target ordering on its variables, how can we efficiently derive its minimal I-map whose arcs are consistent with the target ordering? We present three solutions to this problem, all of which lead to directed acyclic graphs based on the original BN's recursive basis relative to the specified ordering (such a DAG is sometimes termed the boundary DAG drawn from the given BN relative to the said ordering [5]). Along the way, we also uncover an important general principal about arc reversals: when reordering a BN according to some target ordering, (while attempting to minimize the number of arcs generated), the sequence of arc reversals should follow the topological ordering induced by the original belief network's arcs to as great an extent as possible. These results promise to have a significant impact on the derivation of consensus models, as well as on other algorithms that require the reconfiguration and/or combination of BN's.
Unit Interval Orders of Open and Closed Intervals

A poset P = (X, ≺) is a unit OC interval order if there exists a representation that assigns an open or closed real interval I(x) of unit length to each x ∈ P so that x ≺ y in P precisely when each point of I (x) is less than each point in I (y). In this paper we give a forbidden poset characterization of the class of unit OC interval orders and an efficient algorithm for recognizing the class. The algorithm takes a poset P as input and either produces a representation or returns a forbidden poset induced in P.
Improving enzymes by using them in organic solvents

The technological utility of enzymes can be enhanced greatly by using them in organic solvents rather than their natural aqueous reaction media. Studies over the past 15 years have revealed not only that this change in solvent is feasible, but also that in such seemingly hostile environments enzymes can catalyse reactions impossible in water, become more stable, and exhibit new behaviour such as 'molecular memory'. Of particular importance has been the discovery that enzymatic selectivity, including substrate, stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, can be markedly affected, and sometimes even inverted, by the solvent. Enzyme-catalysed reactions in organic solvents, and even in supercritical fluids and the gas phase, have found numerous potential applications, some of which are already commercialized.
Density functional studies of decomposition processes of energetic molecules

Abstract : Nonlocal density functional theory is an effective means for determining the energetics and elucidating the mechanisms of the decomposition processes of molecules of real chemical interest and significance. It should be viewed as another practical tool that is available for this purpose, a useful addition to existing experimental techniques, but with the extremely important advantage that it can be applied to proposed molecules that may not yet have been synthesized or isolated. In this article decomposition energetics of some nitramines and nitrotriazoles are presented and discussed. Nonlocal density functional calculations, Decomposition energetics, Nitramines, Nitrotriazoles, Impact sensitivity
Multifield dynamics of Higgs inflation

Higgs inflation is a simple and elegant model in which early-universe inflation is driven by the Higgs sector of the Standard Model. The Higgs sector can support early-universe inflation if it has a large nonminimal coupling to the Ricci spacetime curvature scalar. At energies relevant to such an inflationary epoch, the Goldstone modes of the Higgs sector remain in the spectrum in renormalizable gauges, and hence their effects should be included in the model’s dynamics. We analyze the multifield dynamics of Higgs inflation and find that the multifield effects damp out rapidly after the onset of inflation, because of the gauge symmetry among the scalar fields in this model. Predictions from Higgs inflation for observable quantities, such as the spectral index of the power spectrum of primordial perturbations, therefore revert to their familiar single-field form, in excellent agreement with recent measurements. The methods we develop here may be applied to any multifield model with nonminimal couplings in which the N fields obey an SOðN Þ symmetry in field space.
Job-to-Job Quits and Corporate Culture: New Results

This paper presents an analysis of moral hazard in On-the-Job Search (OJS) in an equilibrium setting. In a frictional labor market, when an employee receives an outside oer, her employer is naturally tempted to compete against it to save the cost of hiring a replacement. Casual observation in the labor market, however, suggests that this type of ex post competition is rare, presumably because it would raise the worker's ex ante returns to OJS, if only for pure rent-seeking purposes, i.e. just to get a raise. Firms may credibly commit to ignore outside oers to their employees, let them go without a counteroer, and suer the loss, in order to keep in line the other employees'incentives to not search on the job. This commitment perpetuates a coordination failure among co-workers: if they all started searching on the job at a level that would be optimal should the …rm indeed compete ex post against poachers, the …rm would indeed be helpless and would have to com- pete. Therefore, a transition to a "competitive corporate culture", where …rms do compete ex post and worker search intensively on the job, appears irreversible. I study a version of Burdett and Mortensen (1998)'s OJS model where workers choose the intensity of OJS covertly, thus creating a moral hazard problem, and …rms cannot commit in any way not to compete against outside oers. I inves- tigate the conditions for wage posting and no matching of outside oers to be a sequential equilibrium strategy, supported by the coordination failure among co- workers. I …nd that the incentives to deviate from this equilibrium are strongest for low-productivity, low-wage …rms which are small, thus have few employees to discipline and for their employees who have the most to gain from active OJS.
Valuing Easements: A Simple Bargaining Framework

The literature’s guidance on appraising easement values is limited, such as the sometimes unworkable advice to locate appropriate comparables. A simple economic analysis involving applications of bargaining theory (splitting a cooperative surplus) and game theory (anticipating other parties’ actions) might provide a viable alternative means of analysis in some easement situations.
The Distribution of Wealth and Fiscal Policy in Economies With Finitely Lived Agents

We study the dynamics of the distribution of wealth in an overlapping generation economy with finitely lived agents and intergenerational transmission of wealth. Financial markets are incomplete, exposing agents to both labor and capital income risk. We show that the stationary wealth distribution is a Pareto distribution in the right tail and that it is capital income risk, rather than labor income, that drives the properties of the right tail of the wealth distribution. We also study analytically the dependence of the distribution of wealth—of wealth inequality in particular—on various fiscal policy instruments like capital income taxes and estate taxes, and on different degrees of social mobility. We show that capital income and estate taxes can significantly reduce wealth inequality, as do institutions favoring social mobility. Finally, we calibrate the economy to match the Lorenz curve of the wealth distribution of the U.S. economy.
The delicate balance act of trying to understand the users' perspective of technology based services

The delicate balance act of trying to understand the users' perspective of technology based services
Economic Incentives to Improve Water Quality in Agricultural Landscapes: Some New Variations on Old Ideas

Agricultural nutrients and other emissions remain a primary source of water quality degradation in much of the nation. Many such sources are classified as â€œnonpointâ€ sources under the Clean Water Act and are therefore exempt from most federal regulations and enforceable standards. In addition, many agricultural nonpoint source emissions are difficult to measure and the damages that result from them depend on the amount that is transported to the waterways. Nutrient runoff (particularly nitrogen and phosphorous) from intensive row crop agriculture in much of the cornbelt exemplifies these issues. Both the lack of enforceable standards and the physical characteristics of nutrient fate and transport make the design of efficient policy challenging, as witnessed by the lack of significant progress over the last several decades. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (Thi (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Risk, Resources, and Education: Public versus Private Financing of Higher Education

The paper develops a public education scheme that takes aspects of uncertainty in private educational investments explicitly into account. The social merits of public education schemes are related to the lack of markets in which students can insure against educational risks. A case is made for tuition fees that depend on expected returns of investments in education. The consideration of uncertainty provides a neglected link between educational choice, resource endowment, and productivity growth, which may serve to redefine the public role of education financing. Copyright 2002, International Monetary Fund
QMA-complete problems

In this paper we give an overview of the quantum computational complexity class QMA and a description of known QMA-complete problems to date. Such problems are believed to be difficult to solve, even with a quantum computer, but have the property that if a purported solution to the problem is given, a quantum computer would easily be able to verify whether it is correct. An attempt has been made to make this paper as self-contained as possible so that it can be accessible to computer scientists, physicists, mathematicians, and quantum chemists. Problems of interest to all of these professions can be found here.
Some Nonlinear Effects in Tearing Mode Instability

Two nonlinear effects which may be of relevance in the development of tearing mode instability are discussed: (a) effect of a given background turbulence of drift waves on the growth of tearing modes, and (b) effect of a plasma flow towards the X points on nonlinear growth of tearing modes. The possible relevance of the latter process to disruptive instability in tokamaks is also discussed.
Carbon-carbon bond activation with 8-acylquinolines.

Synthetically relevant advances in the area of carbon–carbon sigma bond activation have been made possible by 8-acylquinoline directing groups. Stable rhodium metallacycle intermediates have been shown to undergo a variety of transformations, including carboacylation reactions, to produce value-added products containing all-carbon quaternary centers. The kinetic profile of such reactions has been shown to be substrate dependent.
Correspondence rules and path integrals

A path-integral representation is constructed for propagators corresponding to quantum Hamiltonian operators obtained from classical Hamiltonians by an arbitrary rule of correspondence. Each rule yields a unique way of defining the path integral in the context of a formalism which does not require a limiting process. This formalism is more reliable than the usual time-slicing (lattice) definition in that all the expressions it entails are well-defined for computational purposes and it allows the explicit evaluation of large classes of path integrals. Direct substitution in the Schrodinger equation shows that there are no restrictions (such as Hermiticity or time-independence) on the Hamiltonian operator. Examples are given.
Magnetically Responsive Self‐Assembled Composite Materials

This chapter summarizes the recent advances on the self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle-polymer composite materials. This class of composite materials has gained significant attention owing to their unique stimuli-responsive behavior under internal and external magnetic fields. After a brief introduction of magnetism associated with magnetic materials, we outline the various approaches that have been investigated to synthesize magnetic nanoparticle-polymer composites with well-controlled one-, two- and three-dimensional architectures. This chapter also highlights promising future applications of these composite materials, including magnetic data storage media and nanomedicine (diagnostics, biosensor, and therapeutic agents). Keywords: self-assembly; magnetic nanoparticles; block copolymers; composites
Excursion probability of certain non-centered smooth Gaussian random fields

Let X={X(t),t∈T} be a non-centered, unit-variance, smooth Gaussian random field indexed on some parameter space T, and let Au(X,T)={t∈T:X(t)≥u} be the excursion set. It is shown that, as u→∞, the excursion probability P{supt∈TX(t)≥u} can be approximated by the expected Euler characteristic of Au(X,T), denoted by E{χ(Au(X,T))}, such that the error is super-exponentially small. The explicit formulae for E{χ(Au(X,T))} are also derived for two cases: (i) T is a rectangle and X−EX is stationary; (ii) T is an N-dimensional sphere and X−EX is isotropic.
PRoBe: multi-dimensional range queries in p2p networks

Structured P2P systems are effective for exact key searches in a distributed environment as they offer scalability, self-organization, and dynamicity. These valuable properties also make them a candidate for more complex queries, such as range queries. In this paper, we describe PRoBe, a system that supports range queries over multiple attributes in P2P networks. PRoBe uses a multi-dimensional logical space for this purpose and maps data items onto this space based on their attribute values. The logical space is divided into hyper-rectangles, each maintained by a peer in the system. The range queries correspond to hyper-rectangles which are answered by forwarding the query to the peers responsible for overlapping regions of the logical space. We also propose load balancing techniques and show how cached query answers can be utilized for the efficient evaluation of similar range queries. The performance of PRoBe and the effects of various parameters are analyzed through a simulation study.
SKYSCRAPERS AND SKYLINES: NEW YORK AND CHICAGO, 1885–2007†

This paper investigates skyscraper competition between New York City and Chicago. The urban economics literature is generally silent on strategic interaction between cities, yet skyscraper rivalry between these cities is a part of U.S. historiography. This paper tests whether there is, in fact, strategic interaction across cities. First, I find that each city has positive reaction functions with respect to the other city, suggesting strategic complementarity. In regard to zoning, I find that height regulations negatively impacted each city, but produced positive responses by the other city, providing evidence for strategic substitutability.