cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bio-inspired morphing concepts with regard to aircraft dynamics and performance

This paper will discuss the application of various bio-inspired morphing concepts to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designs. Several analysis tools will be introduced to calculate the aerodynamic benefits, dynamic response, and mission-level benefits of morphing shape changes. Empirical relations are employed to calculate the effects of various geometry changes on the aerodynamics of the vehicle. A six-degree-of-freedom simulation will evaluate the stability and dynamic response of each vehicle configuration as well as “snapshots” of the morphing change. Subsequently, an aircraft performance analysis will be conducted for various shape configurations. Specifically, the performance of a bio-inspired wing is compared to conventional designs. The aircraft dynamic improvements that morphing technologies introduce will be discussed.
Temperature range for critical scaling behavior in YBCO thin films

The magnetic and transport properties of thin films and single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7−δ are compared. For measurements on thin films, the apparent critical scaling behavior is observed to exist over a temperature range from 87 K down to the vortex-glass transition Tg = 84.2 K at 2.5 kOE and from 83 K to Tg = 70.4 K at 50 kOe. The inflection point (Tinf) in temperature dependent resistivity measurements R(T) coincides with the highest temperature at which current-voltage (I–V) characteristics are found to scale. The region between Tg and Tinf shows a behavior characteristics of thermally activated flux motion, while above TinfI–V curves show ohmic behavior. No similar scaling region is observed in some single crystal results, supporting recent claims that the phase transition in some single crystals may not be critical in nature (of order greater than one).
Improving the Argumentative Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities: Descriptive and Normative Considerations

Education seeks to cultivate dispositions and skills that promote effective participation in democratic institutions, including the capacity to produce thoughtful written arguments about controversial issues. Unfortunately, students' argumentative writing is generally neither effective nor persuasive, and this is especially so for students with learning disabilities (LD). The most efficacious argumentative writing interventions explicitly teach strategies that can be used to self-regulate the writing process. These interventions reflect the descriptive approach to argumentation, which seeks to understand the influence of content and context on argumentative performance. A contrasting and complementary perspective, called the normative approach, seeks to understand how critical standards can be ideally used to guide argumentation. The latter approach has received scant attention in instruction for students with LD. In this article, we first review studies in the LD literature that illustrate the descriptiv...
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of painful osseous metastases: a multicenter American College of Radiology Imaging Network trial.

Background To determine if radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can safely reduce pain from osseous metastatic disease.
Djungarian hamsters fail to conceive in the presence of multiple males

En manipulant l'environnement social a l'epoque de la copulation chez Phodopus sungorus, on montre que l'introduction dans le vivarium d'un second mâle reproducteur n'inhibe pas la copulation mais previent la gestation et la pseudogestation
Fine screeningSolanum (potato) germplasm accessions for resistance to Colorado potato beetle

This study was conducted to investigate the utility of systematic screening at the genotype level withinSolanum accessions highly resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. Evaluations of clonally replicated genotypes showed that most accessions reported to be uniform when screened as populations contained small but significant variation among genotypes for resistance to oviposition, larvae, and defoliation, differences for numbers of larvae being most common. Adult counts and percentage defoliation were not as useful in evaluating among-genotype variability in beetle resistance. Genotypes ofS. pinnatisectum WRF 343 andS. tarijense PI 473227 were the most uniformly and highly resistant to Colorado potato beetle. Genotypes of S.berthaultii PI 473331,S. chacoense PI 473405, andS. tarijense PI 473336 were moderately to highly resistant, and genotypes ofS. bukasovii PI 473494 andS. canasense PI 230511 were uniformly susceptible to Colorado potato beetle. Nonparametric correlation analyses indicated that number of egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and defoliation scores were positively correlated, negatively correlated, or not correlated, depending on the species. One generation of selection attempting to segregate resistance and susceptibility in nearly uniform and highly resistantS. pinnatisectum WRF 343 resulted in “divergent” populations that could not be distinguished from each other or the base population. Thus, through genotype (“fine”) screening and selection, we showed that some existing populations are virtually pure for extreme resistance. Use of individuals from such families would make screening breeding populations more efficient, and reduce the risk of losing resistance genes that have non-dominant effects. Fine screening, recurrent selection, and maintenance of such elite populations is recommended as an extension of population-based evaluation usually done by genebanks.
PRESENTATION OF THE CHARLES SCHUCHERT AWARD OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY TO MICHAŁ KOWALEWSKI

Fellow paleontologists, I'm delighted and honored to present to you Michal Kowalewski, this year's recipient of our Society's Charles Schuchert Award, the award we give to recognize excellence and promise among paleontologists less than 40 years in age. I must take note here at the outset that I think that the late Toni Hoffman, Michal's MSc advisor at the University of Warsaw, would not have been surprised by Michal's receipt of this honor. Michal joined the U.S. community of paleontologists in 1991, when he started his PhD program at the University of Arizona. And it was in the spring of 1992 when Michal joined Sally Walker and I on our first trip to the Colorado River delta. We got a lot done on that trip: we discovered large populations of the lingulid brachiopods that would form an important part of Michal's dissertation, we examined the taphonomic effects of the Chevrolet Suburban, we founded the Centro de Estudios de Almejas Muertas, and Michal got his visa extended. Among the many challenges facing foreign students in the United States are the rules for visa extensions. In this case, the paperwork could not be done within the country; it required a visit to a U.S. consulate outside our borders. So, while still in Mexico, we put Michal, equipped with a Spanish vocabulary that ranged from “Buenos dias” all the way …
Monitoring secretion in real time: capacitance, amperometry and fluorescence compared

Techniques for measuring exocytosis, endocytosis and vesicle cycling in living cells in real time have resulted in a rapid expansion in the knowledge of these processes in neurons and other secretory cells. Several experimental approaches, developed during the past decade, have played key roles in this expansion. In this review we focus on three techniques: electrophysiological methods for monitoring membrane capacitance, electrochemical methods for detecting released secretory contents and optical methods for imaging membranes of endosomes and recycled vesicles that are stained with fluorescent dyes. Each technique has contributed unique and complementary information about the vesicle cycle, advancing our knowledge of the kinetics of membrane fusion and retrieval, the identity of the secretory contents and the spatial patterns and directional pathways involved in secretory membrane recycling. Naturally, each technique has inherent limitations; some of these shortcomings have recently been resolved by using more than one method simultaneously.
Counseling parents of slow-learning children

The adjustment of retarded children is dependent on family attitudes and behavior, and the families are influenced by the social milieu in which they function. Parent counseling is a recent development and usually is the shared responsibility of the school psychologist, school social worker, and special class teacher. One of their major functions is to help parents, and the general public, recognize, understand, and accept mental retardation. It is important that parent counseling begin before the placement of slow-learning children in special education programs. Basic to success in parent counseling are patience, foresight, communication, objectivity, resourcefulness, and confidence.
EFFECTS OF LACTOGEN ON NORMAL AND ADRENALECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS

LIPSCHUTZ and Iglesias (1, 2) have reported that subserous fibroids of the uterus and of different abdominal organs, or of the abdominal wall, can be elicited in the female guinea pig by estrogens. Uterine fibroids have been reported first by Nelson (3,4), Moricard and Cauchoix(5). The findings of Lipschiits and Iglesias referring to extragenital fibroids have been corroborated and amplified by the work of Lipschutz, Vargas, Koref and others (6) in this Department, and likewise by Sammartino and Gandolfo (7), L. M. Woodruff (8) and Von Wattenwyl (9). As has been shown (10, 11), these experimental fibroids can be prevented by different steroids such as testosterone, progesterone and desoxycorticosterone. The statement that a cortical hormone can be active as an antagonist against the fibromatogenic acton of estrogens is of considerable interest. It has also been demonstrated (12, 13) that the adrenal cortex, and also desoxycorticosterone, decrease the vaginal sensitivity of castrated rats to continuous sti...
Considerations for quantitative determination of the role of dislocations in selective dissolution

Abstract This paper outlines micromechanical aspects that need to be addressed in any investigation of dislocation-enhanced selective dissolution (DESD). Dislocations are first examined as static microstructures. A review of configurational energetics reveals that dislocation microstructure is responsible for energetic variations of the same order of magnitude as that calculated for dislocation density and thus should be included explicitly in energetic expressions of dissolution. It is proposed that DESD can be most effective on a microstructure that consists of an extreme gradient in the density of free dislocations. A review of well established principles of dislocation dynamics suggest that this DESD microstructure is associated with relatively low homologous temperature and stress. As a consequence, it is proposed that the DESD microstructure and thus the most favorable conditions for the DESD mechanism can occur across a wide range of depths in the earth's crust, dependent on the mineral assemblage. The present inability to more precisely define the boundary conditions of this DESD field for any particular mineral is attributed to the lack of experimental values for the appropriate parameters, such as dislocation activation stress. Experiments designed to evaluate dislocation activation stresses are outlined. It is also proposed that the potential for macroscopic textural differences between DESD and elastic strain controlled dissolution can be investigated qualitatively through computer simulation based on grain scale distinctions between sites of dissolution brought about by DESD and elastic mechanisms.
Beijing University and the Democratic Movement

Beijing University, or Beida, has been enjoying a lofty reputation as the cradle of the May 4 Movement, about which we are fortunate to have an authoritative monograph written by Professor Chow Tse-tsung. Although there are different opinions regarding that movement, I believe everyone agrees that the movement's two banners—science and democracy—are of unquestionable significance for a bright destiny in China. Today, when we examine these two banners, we find we cannot feel complacent about science because so far China does not have much to be proud of in terms of scientific progress. Now, what about the banner of democracy? Unfortunately, that banner is by no means visibly fluttering in the wind, but rather has receded in the shadows. People cannot help but ask: "What is wrong with democracy in China?" This is a serious question that cannot be answered in only a few sentences.
Stopping powers for 400 to 2400 keV N ions in He and Ar

Abstract Stopping powers for 400 to 2400 keV N ions in He and Ar gas targets were measured using a time-of-flight technique. The stopping power was directly determined from changes in ion time-of-flight over a fixed distance after passing through a differentially-pumped, windowless gas cell. Start and stop pulses, derived from secondary electrons produced by passing the ion through thin C foils and detected by microchannel plates, are used to trigger a TAC spectrometer. The measured stopping power values are analyzed as a function of their linearity with projectile velocity and are compared to values compiled by Ziegler et al. and to the predictions of the Firsov-Land-Brennan (FLB) theory. In general, the measured values agree with FLB but are consistently lower than those of Ziegler et al. Comparison of results obtained with 14N and 15N and with N+ and N2+ projectiles are presented. Details of the measurement and detection systems are also given.
Arrival Sampling without Replacement for Simulating Fixed Entity Streams in Civil Engineering Systems

The need for sampling arrivals without replacement for simulating certain types of civil engineering systems is presented. Specifically, sampling requirements in the form of arriving entities such as a stream of automobiles and trucks, aircraft, shipping vessels, etc., and their scheduling on transportation systems are discussed. A methodology for random sampling, without replacement, of entities from a known discrete distribution is presented. Computational complexities associated with organization and randomization of large input streams are addressed. In addition to addressing issues related to the generation of discrete and continuous event occurrences in the entity stream, issues related to incorporating scheduling overrides into the final entity streams are discussed. The methods discussed have successfully been applied for generating streams of shipping vessels for a simulation study of the Panama Canal.
Fracture mechanisms of quasi-brittle materials based on acoustic emission

Recently acoustic emission (AE) techniques have been used to study crack propagation in materials. The application of these techniques to heterogeneous, quasi-brittle materials such as concrete requires a better understanding of how the signal generated from a microfracture is transformed due to wave propagation and due to the transducer response. In this study, piezoelectric transducers were calibrated using displacement transducers. The validity of an elastodynamic Green’s function approach was examined for cement-based materials. The acoustic emission source was characterized using moment tensor analysis. Acoustic emission measurements were analyzed for center-cracked-plate specimens of mortar and concrete. It was observed that, as expected, the dominant mode of cracking was mode I (tensile). However, mode II (shear) and mixed mode cracks also occurred, perhaps due to grain boundary sliding and interface debonding. Microfractures appear to localize prior to critical crack propagation. Mode I cracks generally required more energy release than mode II and a smaller inclusion provided a stronger interface bond than the larger ones.
Caffeine, impulsivity, and memory scanning: A comparison of two explanations for the Yerkes-Dodson Effect

Two explanations for the Yerkes-Dodson Effect (1908) were tested. Easterbrook (1959) proposed that arousal reduces the range of cue utilization. Thus, arousal should interfere with the capacity for simultaneous (dual) memory scans. In contrast, Humphreys and Revelle (1984) proposed that arousal facilitates sustained information transfer but interferes with short-term memory. Arousal should thus reduce the time needed to prepare to respond but increase the time needed to scan memory. Either caffeine or placebo was given to 78 subjects who differed in impulsivity. They completed three versions of a memory-scanning task: two single-task versions (physical and category matches) and one dual-task version (either type of match). As predicted by Humphreys and Revelle, relative to placebo, caffeine lowered the intercept (p<.01), suggesting facilitation of sustained information transfer, but increased the slope (p<.05), suggesting impairment of access to short-term memory, of the regression of reaction time on log-transformed memory-set size. That caffeine had a main effect on slopes and on intercepts but did not interact with type of task suggests that arousal does not necessarily disrupt dual-task performance.
Growth of endothelial cells on microfabricated silicon nitride membranes for anin vitro model of the blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of the brain capillaries, which are lined by endothelial cells displaying extremely tight intercellular junctions. Several attempts at creating anin vitro model of the BBB have been met with moderate success as brain capillary endothelial cells lose their barrier properties when isolated in cell culture. This may be due to a lack of recreation of thein vivo endothelial cellular environment in these models, including nearly constant contact with astrocyte foot processes. This work is motivated by the hypothesis that growing endothelial cells on one side of an ultra-thin, highly porous membrane and differentiating astrocyte or astrogliomal cells on the opposite side will lead to a higher degree of interaction between the two cell types and therefore to an improved model. Here we describe our initial efforts towards testing this hypothesis including a procedure for membrane fabrication and methods for culturing endothelial cells on these membranes. We have fabricated a 1 μm thick, 2.0 μm pore size, and ∼55% porous membrane with a very narrow pore size distribution from low-stress silicon nitride (SiN) utilizing techniques from the microelectronics industry. We have developed a base, acid, autoclave routine that prepares the membranes for cell culture both by cleaning residual fabrication chemicals from the surface and by increasing the hydrophilicity of the membranes (confirmed by contact angle measurements). Gelatin, fibronectin, and a 50/50 mixture of the two proteins were evaluated as potential basement membrane protein treatments prior to membrane cell seeding. All three treatments support adequate attachment and growth on the membranes compared to the control.
Streaming for large scale NLP: Language Modeling

In this paper, we explore a streaming algorithm paradigm to handle large amounts of data for NLP problems. We present an efficient low-memory method for constructing high-order approximate n-gram frequency counts. The method is based on a deterministic streaming algorithm which efficiently computes approximate frequency counts over a stream of data while employing a small memory footprint. We show that this method easily scales to billion-word monolingual corpora using a conventional (8 GB RAM) desktop machine. Statistical machine translation experimental results corroborate that the resulting high-n approximate small language model is as effective as models obtained from other count pruning methods.
Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the three commonly occurring phases (anatase, brookite, and rutile) are reported. The structural properties inferred by simulated X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanoparticles were investigated. The titanium-oxygen bond length as a function of size, phase, and temperature was determined and was found to be dependent on the coordination environment of the titanium and independent of phase and size. The equilibrium Ti-O bond length is 1.86 A for a four-coordinated titanium ion, 1.92 A for a five-coordinated titanium ion, and 1.94 A for an octahedral titanium ion. Smaller nanoparticles are characterized by a higher fraction of titanium ions that are four and five coordinated, due to the larger surface area-to-volume ratios. The surface energies for anatase, rutile, and brookite particles were reported. The surface energy of the nanoparticle increases and approaches a constant value as the particle gets bigger. The surface energies of small rutile particles are higher than that for anatase particles of a similar size, consistent with anatase being the more stable phase of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.
The relationship between personality traits and military enlistment: an exploratory study

The present study was conducted to determine whether three groups of participants differ in sensation-seeking, impulsive, and individuating behaviors. The three groups included Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) students, students with relatives in the military, and students with no relatives in the military. We hypothesized that ROTC participants would be more sensation seeking and impulsive, and less individuated, than non-ROTC participants. The results indicated that ROTC participants were more sensation seeking than non-ROTC participants. In addition, ROTC participants were more impulsive than participants who did not have relatives in the military and were more individuated than non-ROTC participants. The implications of these results are discussed.
Colorimetric Sensor Array for Determination and Identification of Toxic Industrial Chemicals

A low-cost yet highly sensitive colorimetric sensor array for the detection and identification of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) has been developed. The sensor consists of a disposable array of cross-responsive nanoporous pigments whose colors are changed by diverse chemical interactions with analytes. Clear differentiation among 20 different TICs has been easily achieved at both their IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health) concentration within 2 min of exposure and PEL (permissible exposure limit) concentration within 5 min of exposure with no errors or misclassifications. Detection limits are generally well below the PEL (in most cases below 5% of PEL) and are typically in the low ppb range. The colorimetric sensor array is not responsive to changes in humidity or temperature over a substantial range. The printed arrays show excellent batch to batch reproducibility and long shelf life (greater than 3 months).
Stem Cells and the Blastocyst Transfer Method: Some Concerns Regarding Autonomy

Human embryonic stem cell research continues to be a divisive and controversial issue. At least one of the reasons for this is the method by which it would presumably proceed, which includes the de...
Electrochemistry of the Anticancer Agents Methotrexate and α-Difluaromethylornithine in lminium Form

The electrochemical characteristics of the antitumor agents methotrexate and α-difluoromethylornithine were determined as their iminium derivatives. Iminium formation from methotrexate is accomplished in vivo via protonation by enzyme. The requisite imine precursor is generated from α-difluoromethylornithine by condensation with enzyme containing pyridoxal phosphate. Electroreduction occurs in the range of −0.2 to −0.6 V. The relationship of reduction to structure is discussed. A possible mode of anticancer action involving electron transfer is presented.
Chinese Industrial and Science Parks: Bridging the Gap

This article proposes the addition of a “bridge high technology” stage to Park's (1996) Asian development model, based upon field research and analysis of four “science and technology parks” in different regions of China: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Xi’an. Initially established as learning districts to foster technology transfer from foreign to domestic enterprises, these specially configured spaces exhibit a variety of interactions indicating an increasing shift toward domestically generated technology for native companies. The mix and type of companies in parks at different locations within China reflect the locational comparative advantages of each place, whether as an outgrowth of local research or by government design.
Negotiation as Friendship Formation

Friendship between negotiators can play an important part in bringing about a lasting agreement. A theory of friendship helps to explain why friends often behave in generous fashion towards each other, and why they tend to reciprocate. A simple model is used to show how generosity and reciprocation affect the negotiation process and the chances of an agreement.
Do less-skilled immigrants work more? Examining the work time of Mexican immigrant men in the United States

Abstract Using data from the US Current Population Surveys 2006–2008, I examine the weekly work hours of Mexican immigrants. Mexican immigrant workers on average work 2–4 h less than non-Hispanic whites per week, which contradicts the popular portrait of long immigrant work hours. Four mechanisms to explain this gap are proposed and examined. Results show that the work time disparity between non-Hispanic white and Mexican immigrant workers is explained by differences in human capital, ethnic concentration in the labor market, and selection process into employment. English proficiency has limited effect on work time after location in labor market is specified, while the effect of citizenship status remains robust.
Long-term effects of extrinsic denervation on VIP and substance P innervation in circular muscle of rat jejunum.

Intestinal denervation contributes to enteric motor dysfunction after small bowel transplantation (SBT). Our aim was to determine long-term effects of extrinsic denervation on function of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic innervation with substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Contractile activity of jejunal circular muscle strips from six age-matched, naive control rats (NC) and eight rats 1 year after syngeneic SBT was studied in tissue chambers. Spontaneous contractile activity did not differ between groups. Exogenous VIP inhibited contractile activity dose-dependently to a comparable degree in both groups. The VIP antagonist ([d-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NG-nitro-arginine did not affect VIP-induced inhibition but increased contractile activity during electrical field stimulation (EFS) in both groups. Exogenous substance P increased contractile activity dose-dependently, greater in NC than SBT. The substance P antagonist ([d-Pro2,d-Trp7,9]-substance P) inhibited effects of exogenous substance P and decreased the excitatory EFS response. Immunohistofluorescence showed tyrosine hydroxylase staining after SBT indicating sympathetic reinnervation. In jejunal circular muscle after chronic denervation, response to exogenous substance P, but not VIP, is decreased, whereas endogenous release of both neurotransmitters is preserved. Alterations in balance of excitatory and inhibitory pathways occur despite extrinsic reinnervation and might contribute to enteric motor dysfunction after SBT.
Theory of fermion liquids.

We develop a general theory of fermion liquids in spatial dimensions greater than 1. The principal method, bosonization, is applied to the cases of short- and long-range longitudinal interactions and to transverse gauge interactions. All the correlation funtions of the system may be obtained with the use of a generating functional. Short-range and Coulomb interactions do not destroy the Landau-Fermi fixed point. Non-Fermi liquid fixed points are found, however, in the cases of a super-long-range longitudinal interaction in two dimensions and transverse gauge interactions in two and three spatial dimensions. We consider in some detail the (2+1)-dimensional problem of a Chern-Simons gauge action combined with a longitudinal two-body interaction V(q)\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\Vert}q${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{\mathit{y}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, which controls the density, and hence gauge, fluctuations. For y0 we find that the gauge interaction is irrelevant and the Landau fixed point is stable, while for yg0 the interaction is relevant and the fixed point cannot be accessed by bosonization. Of special importance is the case y=0 (Coulomb interaction), which describes the Halperin-Lee-Read theory of the half-filled Landau level. We obtain the full quasiparticle propagator, which is of a marginal Fermi-liquid form. Using Ward identities, we show that neither the inclusion of nonlinear terms in the fermion dispersion nor vertex corrections alters our results: the fixed point is accessible by bosonization. As the two-point fermion Green's function is not gauge invariant, we also invetigate the gauge-invariant density response function. Near momentum Q=2${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}$, in addition to the Kohn anomaly we find other nonanalytic behavior. In the appendies we present a numerical calculation of the spectral function for a Fermi liquid with Landau parameter ${\mathit{f}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\ne}0. We also show how Kohn's theorem is satisfied within the bosonization framework.
A Unified Approach To Iterative Image Restoration

In this paper a class of iterative image restoration algorithms is derived based on a representation theorem for the generalized inverse of a matrix. These algorithms exhibit a first or higher order of convergence and some of them consist of an "on-line" and an "off-line" computational part. The conditions of convergence and the rate of convergence of these algorithms are derived. A faster rate of convergence can be achieved by increasing the computational load. The algorithms can be applied to the restoration of signals of any dimensionality. Iterative restoration algorithms that have appeared in the literature represent special cases of the class of algorithms described here.
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and juvenile myxedema in uniovular twins.

The fibrous variant of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is described in monozygotic twins presenting in childhood with myxedema. Circulating antithyroid antibodies were found in the sera of the twins and their mother. An almost identical histopathology characteristic of the fibrous variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was demonstrated in the biopsy of the thyroid glands of the twins. The significance of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of this disease and of juvenile nongoitrous myxedema caused by chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis during childhood are discussed.
Using the current browsing context to improve search relevance

In this paper, we investigate the problem of improving the relevance of a Web search engine by adapting it to the dynamic needs of the user. We examine a representative case of sudden information need change, namely the exposure of the user to news data. In our earlier work we showed that the majority of queries submitted by users after browsing documents in the news domain are related to the most recently browsed document. We explore several methods of biasing the search by performing query expansion and re-ranking of the search results of a major search engine for queries identified as good candidates for contextualization. We show that these methods highly increase the similarity between the obtained top 10 search results and the most recently browsed document.
Acoustic Receptivity of a Blasius Boundary Layer With 2-D and Oblique Surface Waviness

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine acoustic receptivity and subsequent boundary-layer instability evolution for a Blasius boundary layer formed on a flat plate in the presence of two-dimensional (2-D) and oblique (3-D) surface waviness. The effect of the non-localized surface roughness geometry and acoustic wave amplitude on the receptivity process was explored. The surface roughness had a well defined wavenumber spectrum with fundamental wavenumber kw. A planar downstream-traveling acoustic wave was created to temporally excite the flow near the resonance frequency of an unstable eigenmode corresponding to kts = kw. The range of acoustic forcing levels, epsilon, and roughness heights, delta h, examined resulted in a linear dependence of receptivity coefficients; however, the larger values of the forcing combination epsilon times delta h resulted in subsequent nonlinear development of the Tollmein-Schlichting (T-S) wave. This study provided the first experimental evidence of a marked increase in the receptivity coefficient with increasing obliqueness of the surface waviness in excellent agreement with theory. Detuning of the 2-D and oblique disturbances was investigated by varying the streamwise wall-roughness wavenumber alpha (sub)w and measuring the T-S response. For the configuration where laminar-to-turbulent breakdown occurred, the breakdown process was found to be dominated by energy at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, indicative of K-type breakdown.
Finding the right small-scale fading distribution for a measured indoor 2.4 GHz channel

Accurate characterization of wireless small-scale fading is of growing interest to wireless modem developers who are using increasingly complicated multi-antenna signaling schemes and protocols that either mitigate or exploit multi-path in the radio channel. This paper presents a measurement technique for (and subsequent characterizations of) small-scale fading for a realistic, indoor propagation environment at 2.45 GHz.
Antiviral therapy against HIV infection.

The replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be suppressed in vivo by drugs chosen on the basis of their selective in vitro antiviral activity. Such suppression can confer prolonged survival and improved quality of life in patients with already established HIV infection. The clinical benefits indicate that targeted therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome based on the emerging knowledge of replicatioe cycle of HIV is an attainable goal.
A Review of the Research on Solution-Focused Therapy

Solution-focused therapy is a strengths-based approach, emphasizing the resources people invariably possess and how these can be applied to the change process. A review was undertaken on the treatment outcome research involving solution-focused therapy to determine empirically its effectiveness. The review involved experimental or quasi-experimental designs conducted from 1985 to 2006 and was limited to published studies written in the English language. Subject, intervention and methodological information on studies were collected, as well as statistical information necessary to calculate effect sizes. After searching the literature, ten studies were located and described. No particular characteristics emerged regarding studies with high versus low effect sizes. Implications for research are advanced based on the review, especially related to social work practice.
Identification and characterization of genes for a second anthranilate synthase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: interchangeability of the two anthranilate synthases and evolutionary implications

Two anthranilate synthase gene pairs have been identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were cloned, sequenced, inactivated in vitro by insertion of an antibiotic resistance gene, and returned to P. aeruginosa, replacing the wild-type gene. One anthranilate synthase enzyme participates in tryptophan synthesis; its genes are designated trpE and trpG. The other anthranilate synthase enzyme, encoded by phnA and phnB, participates in the synthesis of pyocyanin, the characteristic phenazine pigment of the organism. trpE and trpG are independently transcribed; homologous genes have been cloned from Pseudomonas putida. The phenazine pathway genes phnA and phnB are cotranscribed. The cloned phnA phnB gene pair complements trpE and trpE(G) mutants of Escherichia coli. Homologous genes were not found in P. putida PPG1, a non-phenazine producer. Surprisingly, PhnA and PhnB are more closely related to E. coli TrpE and TrpG than to Pseudomonas TrpE and TrpG, whereas Pseudomonas TrpE and TrpG are more closely related to E. coli PabB and PabA than to E. coli TrpE and TrpG. We replaced the wild-type trpE on the P. aeruginosa chromosome with a mutant form having a considerable portion of its coding sequence deleted and replaced by a tetracycline resistance gene cassette. This resulted in tryptophan auxotrophy; however, spontaneous tryptophan-independent revertants appeared at a frequency of 10(-5) to 10(6). The anthranilate synthase of these revertants is not feedback inhibited by tryptophan, suggesting that it arises from PhnAB. phnA mutants retain a low level of pyocyanin production. Introduction of an inactivated trpE gene into a phnA mutant abolished residual pyocyanin production, suggesting that the trpE trpG gene products are capable of providing some anthranilate for pyocyanin synthesis.
From Outlaw to Citizen: Police Power, Property, and the Territorial Politics of Medical Marijuana in California's Exurbs

AbstractAs governments worldwide justify the transformation of marijuana governance from one police power (law enforcement) to others (e.g. public health, zoning), the place of marijuana in lawful society is transforming rapidly. No venue in California is more central to this than land-use regulatory bodies, which decide how marijuana rights, practices, and relations become territorial. Land-use powers, as a declaration of the state's police power, require a definitional rendering of ‘community’. This article analyses an episode of outdoor marijuana cultivation policy-making and the struggles over the definition of community in a conservative exurban California county. From debates on fences, property line setbacks, rental terms, and nuisance complaints to racial and economic anxieties and the roaming stigma of crime, marijuana advocates confronted a powerful logic of private property and the moral-aesthetic propriety it implies. Despite the subordination of advocates’ claims to the terms of private prope...
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for patients with bullous pemphigoid unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive treatment

Abstract Background: Up to 24% of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) do not respond to conventional therapy consisting of oral prednisone alone or combined with corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents (ISAs). They cannot sustain a prolonged clinical remission and continue to have relapses. Objective: Fifteen patients with recurrent BP who had experienced several significant side effects resulting from conventional therapy were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. Methods: A preliminary dose-finding study tested 7 additional patients to ascertain the optimal IVIg dose of 2 gm/kg per cycle. Objective parameters to determine clinical outcomes were recorded before and after IVIg therapy: doses of prednisone and ISAs, their duration, side effects, clinical course, frequency of relapses and recurrence, response to therapy, number of hospitalizations, total days hospitalized, and quality of life. Results: While receiving IVIg as monotherapy, all study subjects achieved a sustained clinical remission. A statistically significant difference was noted in all the variables studied before and after IVIg therapy. IVIg had a corticosteroid-sparing effect and improved quality of life and did not produce any serious side effects. Conclusion: IVIg appears to be an effective alternative in treating patients with severe BP whose disease is nonresponsive to conventional therapy. IVIg may be particularly useful, if treatment is begun early, in patients who are at risk of experiencing serious or potentially fatal side effects from conventional immunosuppressive therapy. After clinical control is achieved, IVIg therapy should be gradually withdrawn and not abruptly discontinued. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:825-35.)
Least favorable distributions for robust quickest change detection

We study the problem of robust quickest change detection where the pre-change and post-change distributions are not known exactly but belong to known uncertainty classes of distributions. Both Bayesian and minimax versions of the quickest change detection problem are considered. When the uncertainty classes satisfy some specific conditions, we identify least favorable distributions (LFD's) from the uncertainty classes, and show that the detection rule designed for the LFD's is optimal in a minimax sense. The condition is similar to that required for the existence of LFD's for the robust hypothesis testing problem studied by Huber.
The Role of Peer Relationships in Adjustment to College

According to developmental research, peer relationships serve a positive function in children's, adolescents', and adults' lives. We expected that peer relationships would also benefit emerging adults as they transition into college. Using friendship quality and attachment measures, we examined the link between the closeness of peer relationships (with high school and college friends) and adjustment outcomes (academic, social, emotional, and institutional attachment) among 271 first-year college students. Results suggest that a close relationship with a high school friend is beneficial during the first weeks of college, but later in the first semester there are more benefits to having a close relationship with a new college friend.
West Side Story Read From Below: Young Puerto Rican Women's Cultural Readings

Critics have hailed West Side Story as both a masterpiece and a caricature of Puerto Rican culture. However, the perspectives of everyday Puerto Ricans are largely missing from the discourse. Therefore, this audience reception study approaches a group of young Puerto Rican women as cultural readers to learn their interpretations of West Side Story as a reflection of their standpoint and the film's current cultural relevance. The participants rejected Natalie Wood's Maria for being “insufficiently” Puerto Rican, while identifying with the “America” scene because it reflected their own gendered tensions. Their readings acknowledged the caricatures, yet validated West Side Story as a cultural text with modern-day relevance, though less so than with previous generations of Puerto Ricans.
Generic adapter logging toolkit

The generic adapter for autonomic computing provides a framework for a unified approach to transform software messages and events into a standard situational event format in the autonomic computing architecture. The adapter as an application supports self-configuration and self-optimization.
A Harness for Repeated Blood Sampling of Unrestrained Chickens

Abstract An inexpensive cannula and protective harness system is described which allows serial intravenous injections and blood sampling of unrestrained chickens with little or no disturbance to the bird.
Persistent posttreatment depressive symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of persistent (versus short-term) depressive symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods. Patients with 10þ and 18þ posttreatment Beck Depression Inventory scores for 6 or more months during their first year were identified. Regression analyses determined risk factors associated with persistently high scores. Results. Of the 148 patients, 25.0% and 7.4% were persis- tently above the 10þ and 18þ cutoff scores, respectively (com- pared with 33.6% to 44.2% and 9.2% to 18.6% when measured at single points across this time period.) The strongest predictor of persistent posttreatment depressive symptoms was pretreat- ment depressive symptoms. Conclusions. The percentage of patients with persistently high levels of depressive symptoms, although considerable, is substantially lower when patients with transient mood disorders are omitted. A screening tool that determines high levels of pre- treatment depressive symptoms could identify patients at high risk of experiencing posttreatment depression who would be good candidates for clinical intervention. V
MODERATE CLASSY PYRRHONIAN MORAL SCEPTICISM

This precis summarizes my book Moral Skepticisms, with emphasis on my contrastivist analysis of justified moral belief and my Pyrrhonian moral scepticism based on meta-scepticism about relevance. This complex moral epistemology escapes a common paradox facing moral philosophers.
Bone matrix to growth factors: location, location, location

The demonstration that fibrillin-1 mutations perturb transforming growth factor (TGF)–β bioavailability/signaling in Marfan syndrome (MFS) changed the view of the extracellular matrix as a passive structural support to a dynamic modulator of cell behavior. In this issue, Nistala et al. (2010. J. Cell Biol. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201003089) advance this concept by demonstrating how fibrillin-1 and -2 regulate TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) action during osteoblast maturation.
Plankton and seston of a Colorado (U.S.A.) alpine lake: The winter anomaly and the inlet‐outlet budget

Long Lake, Colorado, at an altitude of 3209 m, is oligotrophic and has an annual ice cover of 240 days. Greatest phytoplankton biomass (mostly μ-algae) was attained in April and May under thick ice and snow. The Zooplankton was sparse; Cyclops was most abundant in winter, but cladocerans and rotifers had no seasonal maxima. The lake had a total water replacement of 38.7 times per year. Heavy June runoff flushes cut more than 99% of the plankton. On an annual basis, about twice as much plankton biomass is lost through the outlet as comes in through the inlet. Total monthly organic seston sedimentation (fallout) rates for the whole lake ranged from 16.1 kg in October to 730.8 kg in June. Total annual seston production (balance) was 8.0 g organic matter or 4.24 g carbon/m2.
Glass Transition Temperature of Casein as Affected by Transglutaminase

The objective of this study was to determine glass transition temperature (T g ) of α-casein with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and to study the effect of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) treatment on T g of α-casein. MTG-treated α-casein was fractionated following the MTG treatment. After adjusting water content, T g measurements were made by DSC and the dependencies of T g on the water content determined. Oscillation DSC (ODSC) was also used. The determination of T g of MTG-treated samples by conventional DSC was unreliable. However, by comparing with ODSC data, their T could be detected. The MTG treatment elevated the T g of α-casein, which may be the reason for improved stability of dry daily products during storage.
Pathways v. Pipelines to Broadening Participation in the Stem Workforce

Women and minorities are generally underrepresented in science research careers. To remedy the underrepresentation, policy makers have thus far crafted solutions based on what is known as the pipeline model which assumes a linear progression from high school to university to the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce. According to this model, women and minorities are underrepresented in STEM careers because they are underrepresented at various critical preparatory transition points on the pipeline from school to the workforce. Solutions have thus focused on increasing women and minority representation throughout the pipeline. To explore the validity of the pipeline model, we examine the change in racial/ethnic/gender distribution of the chemistry profession with respect to a) the effect of relative wages and b) the effect of changes in post-baccalaureate training. The pipeline explanation for the underrepresentation of women and minorities in STEM fields suggests that shortages from these groups arise from insufficient numbers of persons with requisite skills or advanced training. Increases in advanced training, then, ought to increase the representation of underrepresented groups. Our findings however suggest that supply side effects (advanced training) do not exert as strong an influence on reversing underrepresentation as demand-side effects (expected wages), suggesting that the pipeline model is inadequate for explaining minorities’ and women’s underrepresentation in STEM professions and raising doubt about the capability of current policy solutions to make real change.