cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of voltage stability issues with distributed generation penetration in distribution networks

This paper presents an overall analysis of how the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distribution networks affects voltage stability. It is critical that the voltage collapse point be carefully studied under different system operating points to prevent degradation of service. System components have been sophisticatedly modeled in ATP/EMTP. DGs are allocated in a probabilistic fashion to account for uncertainties in future allocation. A large number of experiments under both light and peak load conditions have been carried out to provide realistic results. Results indicate that voltage stability is positively correlated with penetration of DG, but large induction type DG may lower the voltage stability margin.
Chromatophore motoneurons in the brain of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis: a HRP study

Abstract The location of the motoneuron somata controllingg activity of the chromatophore muslces was studied in the squid Lollinguncula brevis. Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from injection sites in the skin or in the mantle muscle established that the chromatophore motoneurons are situated in the subesophageal mass of the brain while at least some of the mantle muscle motoneurones are in the stellate ganglia. Motoneurons to chromatophores in the mantle have their somata in the posterior subesophageal mass, mainly in the chromatophore or fin lobes. Motoneurons to chromatophores in the head are located in the anterior pedal lobes and those to the chromatophores in the arms project mainly from the anterior chromatophore lobes. However, some neurons in the posterior chromatophore lobes project to the head or arm regions. A few cells in both the anterior and posterior chromatophore lobes project contralaterally. Somata in other lobes of the subesophageal mass are also labelled by injections in the skin or in the mantle muscle. Evidence presented here suggests that some of the neurons labelled outside the chromatophore lobes are chromatophore motoneurons.
Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms with the talent stent-graft system: Techniques and problem solving

The Talent bifurcated stent-graft system is a modular-type endoluminal prosthesis designed for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Unique features include a bare proximal spring for transrenal fixation and the manufacturer's customization to fit a wide range of sizes and morphologies. Success of endoluminal exclusion is largely dependent on precise preoperative measurements and stent-graft design, as well as technical execution of the implant, including troubleshooting and problem solving. The most common challenges relate to morphology and/or short length of the proximal neck, and anatomy and/or small size of the access iliac arteries. Useful technical alternatives and troubleshooting maneuvers have evolved that are likely to maximize success and decrease complications. Overall, the Talent aortic endograft performs very satisfactorily. The newly designed low profile system is likely to increase applicability and technical success through a reduction in the profile of the delivery sheath.
Enzymatic Characterization of a Human Acyltransferase Activity

Background Non-histone protein acylation is increasingly recognized as an important posttranslational modification, but little is known as to the biochemical properties of protein serine acylating enzymes. Methodology/Principal Findings We here report that we have identified a metal-stimulated serine octanoyltransferase activity in microsomes from human erythroleukemic (HEL) cells. The HEL acylating enzyme was linear with respect to time and protein, exhibited a neutral pH optimum (stimulated by cobalt and zinc), and inhibited by chelating reagents. Hydroxylamine treatment removed most, but not all, of the attached radioactivity. A salt extract of microsomal membranes contained the major portion of enzyme activity, indicating that this acyltransferase is not an integral membrane protein. Sucrose density fractionation showed that the acyltransferase activity is concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum. In competition experiments, the acyltransferase was well inhibited by activated forms of fatty acids containing at least eight to fourteen carbons, but not by acetyl CoA. The zinc-stimulated HEL acyltransferase did not octanoylate proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, His-tagged proghrelin, or proghrelin lacking the amino-terminal His-tag stub of Gly-Ala-Met. The peptides des-acyl ghrelin and ACTH were also not acylated; however, des-acyl ghrelin containing the N-terminal tripeptide Gly-Ala-Met was acylated. Mutagenesis studies indicated a requirement for serine five residues from the amino terminus, reminiscent of myristoyl transferase, but not of ghrelin acylation. However, recombinant myristoyl transferase could not recapitulate the hydroxylamine sensitivity, zinc-stimulation, nor EDTA inhibition obtained with HEL acyltransferase, properties preserved in the HEL cell enzyme purified through four sequential chromatographic steps. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, our data demonstrate the presence of a zinc-stimulated acyltransferase activity concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum in HEL cells which is likely to contribute to medium-chain protein lipidation.
Advances in glaucoma surgery

Despite being introduced over 50 years ago, the current gold standard for glaucoma surgery is still trabeculectomy. However, significant complications can occur with the procedure and, consequently, recent developments in glaucoma surgery have focused on improving safety and reliability. These developments can be categorized into three main areas: advances in filtering surgery, angle surgery and uveoscleral shunts. Each of these approaches has advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed in this review. In general, angle surgery and uveoscleral shunts do not appear to offer as low an intraocular pressure as filtering surgery, but appear to have fewer serious complications than filtering surgery. However, clinical data for these newer approaches are still limited in many cases, and further research is required to determine the role of new surgical options in glaucoma management.
Comment on the loss of immunogenicity of tumor cells caused by freezing

The freezing of cells to temperatures below about 1 3 0 ° C permits their extended storage in a state of "suspended animation" for decades if not longer. Such long-term storage of viable biological material offers potential benefits in a variety of research and clinical situations. The thesis advocated by Bartlett et al. (1977) is a good example. They suggest that the storage of human tumor tissue in the frozen state might permit its later use as an autologous vaccine in the immunotherapy of cancer. Unfortunately, the data of Bartlett et al., who used a model system of vaccines consisting of BCG and irradiated L10 hepatoma cells, seem to invalidate their own thesis. They reported that L10 cells that had been frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) at --196 ° C possessed little or no capacity to prevent the progressive growth of challenge tumor cells, despite the fact that about 50% of the frozen-thawed cells excluded trypan blue. Bartlett et al. conclude that there was "clear evidence that tumor cells which were 'viable' after storage in LN 2 were significantly less immunogenic than cells used without prior freezing". A reasonable extension of that conclusion, if correct, would be that frozen-thawed cells are not suitable for immunotherapy. I believe there are reasons for suggesting that the conclusion of Bartlett et al., and its corollary, may be unduly pessimistic. Those authors have sought to use one of the major potential advantages of cryobiology, namely, the preservation of viable cells in the frozen state. I believe they have underestimated the present level of mechanistic understanding of low temperature biology, however. In this specific instance, this misreading of cryobiology might preclude its future application to a clinical situation in which freezing would be a requisite for the therapy.
Influence of heat treatment temperature and Ti doping on low-field flux jumping and stability in (Nb-Ta)3Sn strands

The impacts of heat treatment (HT) temperature and Ti doping on low-field flux jumping and 12 T J c of high-performance internal-Sn, distributed barrier (Nb-Ta)3Sn strands have been explored. It was found that higher HT temperatures could suppress low-field flux jumps by not only reducing the J c (B) curve slope, but also increasing the heat capacity and decreasing the dJ c /dT. A metric, Jc,3 T/Jc,12 T (the ratio of 3 T to 12 T J c ), was used to describe the slope of the J c (B) curve. In addition, an analytical equation was derived to predict the amplitude of a flux jump. The J c (B) curves were further analyzed in the form of Kramer plots to extract the irreversibility field, Birr, and the maximum bulk pinning forces, Fp,max. The variations of Birr, Fp,max and grain size, d, with HT and Ti doping were also analyzed. Fp,max initially increasing linearly with 1/d, saturated at small values of d, possibly because the grains became columnar.
Pharmacologic Study of Alkyl 2-Bromoallyl Barbituric Acids

The n-propyl-(PBB), ethyl-(EBB), and methyl-(MBB) homologs of propallylonal (IPBB) were prepared. Using albino rats, the intraperitoneal ED50s and LD50s were determined, as well as PD50s against pentylenetetrazol. Effectiveness in developing tolerance and cross-tolerance against propallylonal by feeding low concentrations in the diet for two weeks was in decreasing order: EBB, probarbital, IPBB, PBB, MBB, and 5-(2-bromoallyl)-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid. Inter- and intralaboratory variations occurred as to incidence of delayed death (EBB, IPBB) and in sex variation (IPBB). Rat electrocardiograms taken after administration of the bromoallyl barbiturates revealed no significant changes. In mice, PBB was most effective and IPBB least effective in protecting against a surely fatal dose of strychnine when given at various intervals of time after the barbiturate. None of the bromoallyl barbiturates gave complete protection when given one hour before a dosage range of 2.5–20.2 mg./Kg. of strychnine sulfate subcutaneously. Phenobarbital sodium was superior to the bromoallyl compounds against strychnine lethality.
A Man-in-the-Middle attack against OpenDayLight SDN controller

In this paper, we investigated the vulnerabilities surrounding software-defined networking (SDN). Specifically, we examined the vulnerabilities of OpenDayLight SDN controller. Among all the possible attack vectors, a man-in-the-middle attack using ARP poisoning was successfully launched to intercept the traffic between a client and the OpenDayLight controller. Details of the experiment method, procedures and results were described in this manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful practical attempt to penetrate an SDN controller and be able to capture login credentials of the controller. The significance of this attack should not be taken lightly; once the SDN controller is under the control of the adversary, there will be no security at all for the entire network governed by this controller.
Aluminum metal matrix composites tailored for antifriction applications

Abstract This paper describes the friction behavior of aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with kaowool (Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 ) fiber. Composites were produced by squeeze infiltration of fiber per-forms. A hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was used as the matrix. Friction measurements were made using a ball-on-disc configuration in which a type 440C stainless steel ball was held against a rotating MMC disc. A polished surface produced by standard metallographic polishing and an etched surface (with protrusions of fibers and eutectic silicon) were used as test surfaces. Wear scars and steel balls (after the wear test) were examined in a scanning electron microscope. When metallographically polished surfaces were used as test specimens, the friction coefficient varied between 0.4 and 0.5; the friction trace was rough with large fluctuations in frictional force. Smearing of aluminum was detected on the steel ball as well as on the wear scar. When etched surfaces were used as test specimens, the friction coefficient was reduced to 0.15 and aluminum transfer to the counterface was completely eliminated. The results of this study indicate that microstructural control coupled with etching can be used to tailor the aluminum MMCs for antifriction applications.
On robust soft-input soft-output demodulators for OFDM systems: when imperfect channel state information is present

In this paper a soft-input soft-output (SISO) QAM demodulator with robust performance on imperfect channel information are proposed for bit-interleaved OFDM systems. A full Bayesian approach is proposed to the channel estimation and demodulation problem. The frequency-selective fading channel impulse response and AWGN variance encountered in OFDM systems are jointly modeled as complex Gaussian-gamma random variables. The uncertainty of the channels are naturally encoded in the posterior distribution. Robust demodulators for known and unknown AWGN variance are derived basing on Bayesian posterior predictive distribution. It's performance combined with the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is demonstrated. And schemes with reduced complexity are also discussed. Simulation results show an improved BER (more than 0:5dB in most cases) comparing to that of the conventional demodulators ignorant of the channel estimation errors.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease. Vascular calcification has been clearly defined as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the general population and is highly prevalent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where it is associated with a number of markers of increased mortality such as left ventricular hypertrophy. The pattern of calcification in ESRD is characterized by mineral deposition in the tunica media, in contrast to non-ESRD populations, where calcification of atheromatous plaque predominates. This difference may have important clinical implications. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both types of vascular calcification remain to be clarified; however, current evidence suggests that they are active processes rather than passive mineral precipitation, and the presence in the vasculature of cells expressing an osteoblastic phenotype may be of central importance. In ESRD, the presence of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, disordered calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and the use of vitamin D- and calcium-based treatments in its therapy may all contribute to vascular calcification. These issues and the impact on other current and future therapies have great importance for clinical nephrology, and a better understanding of vascular calcification through a focused research effort is essential.
Effect of passive chemical reaction on turbulent dispersion.

As the injection velocity increases (decreasing values of m) the thermal layer is blown further away from the wall since T]T = Q(l/Pr m). For a sufficiently small value of m, the thermal layer will be far from the wall where the series expansion for / will not be valid. This value of m is found by rewriting Eq. (3) in terms of the variable z, the parameter Pr, and the exponent m and treating the resulting form as an asymptotic expansion for the limit Pr -+• oo; z fixed. It will follow that the major contribution from the third term in Eq. (3) will be as large as that from the second term when m = -J-. Hence, the preceding analysis is useful when -J < m < -J. Larger values of fw [i.e., fw = 0(1) but smaller than the blowoff value] are treated by using numerical calculations4 for f(tf) directly to find the value rjT) where /(rjr) = 0. Equation (2) is then transformed to the thermal layer form using z = [77 — 7jT]/5(Pr) and a Taylor series expansion for / around 77 = T]T. The derivatives necessary in the latter [/'(rjr), /"(*?T), etc.] are found from the aforementioned numerical calculations. It follows that for a physically meaningful equation 5 = Pr~1/2and + f' = 0 T(z
Protein-ligand binding studies with a table-top, air-driven high-speed centrifuge.

Abstract Procedures developed earlier for the ultracentrifuge in order to study the binding of low molecular weight ligands to proteins have been adapted for use with a relatively inexpensive, table-top, air-driven centrifuge known as the Airfuge. This instrument, which holds six plastic tubes with a total capacity of 1 ml, generates such high centrifugal fields (up to 160,000 times that of gravity) that proteins are readily sedimented to the bottom of the tubes, leaving unbound ligand in the supernatant. Hence, direct sampling and analysis of the solution at the conclusion of the centrifuge experiment and knowledge of the total concentration of ligand permit a quantitative determination of the amount of ligand bound to the protein. The method depends on the use of dextran in the solution in order to provide density stabilization and prevent serious convective stirring of the contents of the tubes during the deceleration of the rotor. Two systems were studied as a test of the technique and it was found that the centrifuge method yields results comparable to those obtained by equilibrium dialysis. With aspartate transcarbamoylase and CTP, conditions were obtained (100,000 rpm for 30 min) such that the enzyme and enzyme-CTP complexes were sedimented rapidly to the bottom of the tubes, leaving free CTP distributed throughout the solution. In contrast to this sedimentation velocity experiment, studies were also made with RNase and 5′-AMP. The procedure for this system involves sedimentation equilibrium and the protein, although not completely removed from the top of the solution, is distributed predominantly at the bottom of the tubes as unbound ligand remains in the supernatant. For such systems, it is possible to estimate theoretically the effects of the size of the ligand and it is shown that re-equilibration causes only minor complications for ligands of molecular weight less than 1000. The method is simple, uses only small amounts of proteins and ligands, requires only short times for proteins of molecular weight about 10 5 , and shows promise of providing binding data with an accuracy comparable to other techniques.
Far-infrared magneto-optical study of holes and electrons in zero-band-gap HgTe/Cd0.85Hg0.15Te superlattices.

Trois des six resonances observees sont identifiees comme des resonances cyclotron de trous et d'electrons associees a la bande HH 1 et d'excitons excites thermiquement dans la bande E 1 . On etablit la dependance de la masse effective des electrons et de son anisotropie, vis-a-vis de la temperature
The Taliban: a study of book collections on the Taliban in academic, public and West Point libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to document and compare the extent of book collections on the topic of the Taliban in selected academic libraries in New York and New Jersey, the New York Public Library and the military academy at West Point.Design/methodology/approach – Books on the Taliban were chosen as an index of the Afghanistan war since the Taliban are its major defining element. WorldCat was searched (www.worldcat.org) using the following criteria: “kw: taliban” > “English” > “Non‐Fiction” > “Non‐Juvenile”. In total 1,668 titles were found. Duplicates were eliminated, as were theses, government publications, ephemera and other items. Closely related titles were amalgamated. Only works that had “Taliban” in the title or subtitle were chosen from the cumulative groups above, resulting in a total of 83 titles.Findings – Only two libraries crossed 50 percent of the “core” collection of 83 titles. A total of 27 percent of the 83 titles (n=22) were not held by any library, and only seven books wer...
Enzyme and coenzyme levels, oxygen uptake and lactate production in synchronized cultures of Chinese hamster cells.

Summary The activities of five enzymes involved in glucose utilization were measured in synchronized cultures of Chinese hamster cells. In the 12 h after mitosis, the activity per cell of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, and glucose phosphate isomerase increased continuously to 180% of the initial values. The levels of oxidized and reduced pyridine nucleotides increased linearly, the ratio of oxidized-to-reduced forms remained constant, and the rates of oxygen consumption and lactate production were unchanged. These results suggest a stable basal cellular metabolism in these cells throughout interphase.
Sortals for Dummies

Advocates of sortal essentialism have argued that concepts like “thing” or “object” lack the unambiguous individuative criteria necessary to play the role of genuine sortals in reference. Instead, they function as “dummy sortals” which are placeholders or incomplete designations. In disqualifying apparent placeholder sortals, however, these philosophers have posed insuperable problems for accounts of childhood conceptual development. I argue that recent evidence in psychology demonstrates that children do possess simple or basic sortals of physical objects or things. I contend that these concepts provide the genuine individuative criteria necessary for reference. As a consequence, sortalism can be made compatible with the developmental facts of conceptual development.
Can pesticide formulations significantly influence pest behavior?: the case of Tetranychus urticae and dicofol

Pesticide formulations profoundly influenced the encounter of pest with pesticide. In four differently formulated treatments of identical dicofol concentration, total time spent on treated areas of a checkerboard residue immediately following treatment varied dramatically from 13.3% on Modified Formulation residues to 42.1% on 50 Wettable Powder residues. With 24 h old checkerboard residues, total time spent on treated areas varied from a low of 30.1% with Modified Formulation residues to a high of 45.1% with Emulsifiable Concentrate residues. Different formulations exhibited dramatically different decay of repellency over a 24 h period. The greatest loss of repellency was found on Modified Formulation residues, although this formulation was still the most repellent at 24 h. Observations were made of three behavior patterns with both 0 h and 24 h old residues of four formulations of dicofol. Our results indicate that the constituents of some pesticide formulations may elicit behavior that greatly reduces pest encounter with pesticide. To study this phenomenon it is necessary to observe pest behavior with discontinuous residues.
Characterization of conditioned place preference to cocaine in congenic dopamine transporter knockout female mice.

Rationale The dopamine transporter (DAT) is thought to play a major role in the rewarding effects of cocaine. Therefore, it is surprising that cocaine reveals conditioned effects in DAT knockout (DAT-KO) mice.
Some one-dimensional migration models in population genetics theory.

Abstract This paper gives a method for calculating the covariance of gene frequencies at any two points of a habitat which is a finite 1-dimensional interval. Selectively neutral genes are considered migrating according to a continuous parameter analogue of the stepping stone model. The method is to solve a partial differential equation for the covariance, together with boundary conditions of zero normal derivative (or reflecting barrier) type.
An analysis of feeder cattle price differentials

A static premium and discount analysis was used to determine whether certain management or marketing practices affect the price of feeder cattle at auction. Data included animal characteristics (sex, weight, muscle, frame, horns, breed, condition, fill, health) and market characteristics (price, lot size, market location, auction sale order). The analysis shows that marketing price can be enhanced by selling heavy muscled, crossbred cattle with either medium or large frame in large (truck-load) size lots. Cattle should carry average fill, an average or slightly fleshy amount of condition, and be dehorned.
The Responses of Rising or Falling Spherical Wind Sensors to Atmospheric Wind Perturbations

Analysis of the responses of rising or falling spherical wind sensors to atmospheric wind perturbations on the wind profile in the vertical, using Fourier transform techniques. The linearized equations of motion of a sensor that is subject to drag and gravitational body forces are developed by perturbing a sensor about an equilibrium uniform motion with wind fluctuations which have vertical variations. The wind environment and sensor velocities are decomposed with stochastic Fourier-Stieltjes integrals, and the linearized equations of motion are used to derive the response functions and phase angles of the sensor motions. The results of the analysis are used to analyze the response properties of the Jimsphere balloon wind sensor. It is shown that, in general, the transfer functions associated with the horizontal sensor motions are smaller than the transfer functions associated with the vertical sensor motions in the omega times T product range from zero to infinity, omega being the wind perturbation frequency and T a time constant of the system. Thus, the sensor is more responsive to vertical than to horizontal air motions.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE DEANS OF INSTRUCTION: THEIR ROLE IN INSTITUTIONAL AND FACILITIES PLANNING

Deans of instruction at 300 publicly supported community colleges were surveyed to determine: (1) their preparation for planning; (2) the degree that deans are and should be involved in planning; and (3) challenges and obstacles to planning.Two-hundred and one deans responded for a 67% response rate. Twenty-eight percent had served as dean of instruction in their immediate prior position. Approximately 66% believed that their education had adequately prepared them for institutional and facilities planning, and 84% credited their prior position fortheir planning expertise. Deans rated ten essential planning duties. The top twochallenges to planning were "money and resources" and "technology use in curriculum."
Effect of diatom lipid composition on the toxicity of trichlorobenzene. II. Long-term effects of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

Exposures of four diatoms,Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira italica, Melosira varians, andSynedra filiformis to 0.3 ppm 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene were initiated at the 8th and 11th hours of the light period on a 16:8 h L/D cycle at 20°C. Cell counts, lipid content, and lipid class composition were monitored for 10 days.Melosira italica demonstrated the most long-term effects. Cell counts and chlorophylla were greatly reduced on the 10th day when exposure was initiated in the 11 th hour of the light period inS. filiformis and in the 8th hour of the light period inM. varians. The data demonstrate that more immediate effects occur when exposures are initiated during periods of high polar lipid content or when polar lipids are being synthesized. Long-term effects are observed when exposure initiation occurs during periods of high neutral lipid content and higher total extractable lipid. The results suggest that the response of diatoms to low levels of chlorinated benzenes is related to normal variation in diel lipid composition. These results are repeatable, they vary with species, and exposures initiated at different times of the day may produce quite different results.
Chronic treatment with agents that stabilize cytosolic IκB-α enhances survival and improves resting membrane potential in MDX muscle fibers subjected to chronic passive stretch

The potential pathogenic role of increased NFkappaB signaling in passively stretched dystrophic skeletal muscle was examined by treating adult mdx mice with an agent that stabilized cytosolic IkappaB-alpha (pyrollidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC)and examining the effects of this treatment on the chronically stretched mdx triangularis sterni (TS) muscle. Daily PDTC treatment significantly increased the number of surviving striated TS fibers regardless of age. TS fibers from untreated mdx mice had significantly lower resting potentials (RPs) than nondystrophic mice. Treatment with GdCl3 to block resting Ca2+ influx had no effect on RP in either nondystrophic or mdx preparations. Daily treatment with PDTC significantly improved the RP regardless of age. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that passive stretch activates an NFkappaB-mediated pathogenic mechanism in dystrophic muscle and suggest that agents which stabilize cytosolic IkappaB-alpha levels may be useful for treating Duchenne and related muscular dystrophies.
LIBS vs TRELIBS - The Relative Merits Of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Versus Time Resolved Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

LIBS - Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy - and TRELIBS - Time REsolved Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy - are relatively new techniques for obtaining analytical emissions from solid, liquid and gaseous samples. A pulsed laser is focused on the surface of a solid or liquid sample or focused in a gaseous sample, creating a transient plasma. Sample analytes emit characteristic radiation for upwards to tens of micro-seconds. The event is monitored spectrophotometically using LIBS, where the whole event is analyzed, or by TRELIBS, where the time resolution of the plasma event is analyzed.
Elastic Constants of Strontium Fluoride Between 4.2 and 300°K

The elastic constants of single-crystal Sr${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ have been determined over the temperature range 4.2-300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, by an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. The values of the elastic constants, extrapolated to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, in units of ${10}^{11}$ dyn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, are: ${c}_{11}=12.88$, ${c}_{12}=4.748$, and ${c}_{44}=3.308$. From these values, a Debye temperature of 380\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is calculated for Sr${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The elastic constants of Sr${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ are computed theoretically from a rigid-ion model, and the results are compared with the experimentally measured values. The elastic constants of Sr${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ are compared with those of the other alkaline-earth fluorides.
Suppression of Adenylate Kinase Catalyzed Phosphotransfer Precedes and Is Associated with Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion in Intact HIT-T15 Cells

Abstract Adenine nucleotide metabolism was characterized in intact insulin secreting HIT-T15 cells during the transition from non-stimulated (i.e. 0.2 mM glucose) to the glucose-stimulated secretory state. Metabolic dynamics were monitored by assessing rates of appearance of 18O-labeled phosphoryls of endogenous nucleotides in cells incubated in medium enriched in [18O]water. Most prominent of the metabolic alterations associated with stimulated insulin secretion was the suppression in the rate of adenylate kinase (AK)-catalyzed phosphorylation of AMP by ATP. This was manifest as a graded decrease of up to 50% in the rate of appearance of β-18O-labeled species of ADP and ATP and corresponded to the magnitude of the secretory response elicited over a range of stimulatory glucose concentrations. The only nucleotide exhibiting a significant concentration change associated with suppression of AK activity was AMP, which decreased by about 50%, irrespective of the glucose concentration. Leucine-stimulated secretion also decreased the rate of AK-catalyzed phosphotransfer. This secretory stimulus-related suppression of AK-catalyzed phosphotransfer occurs within 45 s of glucose addition, precedes insulin secretion, depends on the internalization and metabolism of glucose, and is independent of membrane depolarization and the influx of extracellular calcium. The secretory stimulus-induced decrease in AK-catalyzed phosphotransfer, therefore occurs prior to or at the time of K+ATP channel closure but it is not associated with or a consequence of events occurring subsequent to K+ATP channel closure. These results indicate that AK-catalyzed phosphotransfer may be a determinant of ATP to ADP conversion rates in the K+ATP channel microenvironment; secretory stimuli-linked decreased rates of AK-catalyzed ADP generation from ATP (and AMP) would translate into an increased probability of ATP-liganded and, therefore, closed state of the channel.
A bio-plausible design for visual attitude stabilization

We consider the problem of attitude stabilization using exclusively visual sensory input, and we look for a solution which can satisfy the constraints of a “bio-plausible” computation. We obtain a PD controller which is a bilinear form of the goal image, and the current and delayed visual input. Moreover, this controller can be learned using classic neural networks algorithms. The structure of the resulting computation, derived from general principles by imposing a bilinear computation, has striking resemblances with existing models for visual information processing in insects (Reichardt Correlators and lobula plate tangential cells). We validate the algorithms using faithful simulations of the fruit fly visual input.
Expansion-extrusion Processed Sorghum Grain and Soybeans in Diets of Dairy Calves

Abstract Forty-four Holstein calves were allotted randomly into four groups of seven females and four males and fed rations containing: (I) grain sorghum and soybean meal (pelleted), (II) grain sorghum and soybean meal (expanded-extruded), (III) grain sorghum and soybeans (expanded-extruded), and (IV) grain sorghum (pelleted) and soybeans (expanded-extruded). Calves were fed their rations ad libitum from 3 to 95 days of age. Milk replacer was fed twice daily from 3 to 45 days of age. Twelve Holstein bull calves approximately 56 days of age were in a total fecal collection digestion trial to determine apparently digestible protein and energy. Negligible differences occurred among calves in rate of gain, starter intake, and starter to gain ratio. Daily gains were .46, .44, .43, and .46 kg for Groups I through IV. Differences were small in apparently digestible protein and energy. However, rations containing expanded-extruded grain sorghum tended to have higher digestible energy. Extruded soybeans were equal to soybean meal as a source of protein.
Effects of Varying Interactive Strategies Provided by Computer-Based Tutorials for a Software Application Program

The study compared the performance skills resulting from training with three computer-based tutorials (CBT) varying the level of interactive practice provided with the task domain. Volunteers from a local chapter of a society concerned with instruction worked through two hours of CBT offered by one of three Lotus 1–2-3 spreadsheet tutorials. Access to “domain-guided” interactive practice resulted in significantly better performance on realistic problems when using the actual Lotus 1–2-3 spreadsheet.
Picosecond observations of quantum-beat phenomena in 2,5-diphenylfuran and argon complexes

Abstract Fluorescence time profiles have been measured for vibronically excited PPF and its 1:1 van der Waals complexes with Ar and CH 4 . Fluorescence quantum beats (685 MHz) are exhibited in PPF at the low energy of 256 cm −1 . Overtones and some combination levels involving the 256 cm −1 mode also show quantum beats, ranging in frequency from 160 MHz to 3.7 GHz, whereas excitation into other levels up to 877 cm −1 shows little vibrational coupling. Experiments with PPF/Ar 1 and PPF/(CH 4 ) 1 show that this low-energy level mixing in the bare molecule provides a channel for extensive coupling (τ IVR = 300 ps (Ar), 115 ps (CH 4 ) from 256 1 ). On the other hand, excitation of either complex at 867 cm −1 reveals weaker coupling, despite the large relative increase in energy; significantly, argon-atom predissociation at this energy is preceded by beat-modulated resonance fluorescence.
Mass transport in metals under intensive impulse reactions

An unusually high mobility of atoms under intensive impulse reactions is explained by the behavior of point defects at the shock wave front. It is shown that either a shock wave front or moving dislocations can capture the interstitials, or they can be thermally activated in the direction of the shock wave propagation.
Sensor selection in adversarial setting

We consider the problem of sensor selection for a binary hypothesis testing problem when the conditional density of the sensor readings can be affected by an adversary. A typical application of the proposed setup is surveillance with spatially distributed sensors, where the adversary is changing locations to evade detection. We consider a zero-sum game model where the primary and the adversary are choosing open loop randomized strategies and the payoffs are specified by the asymptotic detection probability under a false alarm constraint. We prove the existence of the Nash equilibrium of this surveillance game and characterize the optimal min-max strategies and the value of the game. A computed example of decentralized detection with sensors providing binary valued observations is given to illustrate the results.
Analytical Philosophy and Religious / Theological Language

standing of moral and scientific discourse than it has to religious discourse. According to R. M. Hare, one of Britain's leading analysts, "religious discourse has come off badly" for several reasons. First, very few analysts have enough interest in religious questions to make them a major study. Second, religious discourse is a very complex subject. Third, some things we want to say in religious discourse can be comprehended only by people whose experience of the religious life has gone further than that of most modern philosophers. Fourth, most theologians are at best amateurs in the study of logic., If the conversation between language analysis and theology is to continue in a useful way some, at least, of these difficulties must be overcome. The most useful thing a theologian can do is to attempt to reduce the complexity of religious discourse. Unfortunately, few theologians seem to be doing much about this particular responsibility. For example, little attention has been paid to the various functions which the sentences of re-
Variations in subjective culture: A comparison of females and males in three settings

This article examines differences in subjective culture among three societies that vary in their extent of urbanization and differentiation and within these societies between females and males. David Bakan's agency-communion and Talcott Parsons' instrumental-expressive distinctions are used to capture both these ruralurban and male-female differences using data collected with Harry Triandis' antecedent-consequent method of studying subjective culture. Both between-society and within-society differences in subjective culture are found, although they occur independently of each other. Cross-cultural differences are stronger for concepts dealing with group life, and sex differences are stronger for concepts regarding individual actions and self-orientations. Specifications and extensions of existing theory, as well as directions for future research, are suggested.
An inelastic stress-strain law for elevated temperature and slowly time varying loads

Highly stressed components of jet engines, gas and steam turbines and nuclear reactors are subjected to comparatively few cycles of local plastic deformation followed by creep and/or relaxation during rated conditions at elevated temperature.
Effect of Heating Rate on Recrystallization of Twin Roll Cast Aluminum

The effect of heating rate on precipitation and recrystallization behavior in twin roll cast (TRC) AA3105 has been investigated by three different means: conventional air furnace, controlled infrared, and lead bath heating. Experimental results showed that as-recrystallized grain size decreased and became more equiaxed as the annealing heating rate increased. These results were explained via time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves for both dispersoid precipitation and recrystallization. With the faster heating rate, recrystallization could occur before precipitation of Mn present in the unhomogenized TRC samples. At a heating rate of 50 °C/s, the material underwent grain growth after recrystallization at 500 °C. No sign of grain growth was observed in materials annealed with lower heating rates, 3 °C/s, 0.5 °C/s, and 0.01 °C/s, due to greater dispersoid precipitation.
The response of the hierarchical structure of the intervertebral disc to uniaxial compression

The time-dependent mechanical response of the canine intervertebral disc in axial compression is related to the response of the various levels of the hierarchical organization. In stress relaxation the initial transverse bulging of the disc recovers almost completely with time. The corresponding decrease in volume correlates with the measured loss of water from the disc. The three-dimensional architecture of the disc, examined by sectioning isolated discs that had been fixed in compression, accommodates the volume displacement. Bulging of the peripheral lamellae is minimized by the curvature of the vertebral interface and by stress-driven transport of water out of the disc through the cartilage end-plates into the vertebral bodies. Even though the disc undergoes macroscopic compression, the fibres of the lamellae are loaded in tension and their mode of deformation is compared with that of other connective tissues such as tendon and intestine.
“Our Hands Will Know”: The Development of Tactile Diagnostic Skill—Teaching, Learning, and Situated Cognition in a Physical Therapy Program

Relying on observational and interview data from a clinical practice class in a graduate physical therapy program, I examine, within a situated cognition framework, the teaching and learning of a concept in biomechanics, the manual techniques and tactile discrimination skills that accompany it, and the diagnostic frame of mind that informs concept, technique, and skill. In examining this complex set of practices, I hope to add to and qualify the literature on working knowledge, participation and competence, and situated learning and pedagogy.
Variations in air density at heights near 200 km during 1967–1969, from the orbit of 1967-31A

Abstract Air density at a height of 180–200 km from July 1967 to September 1969 has been determined from analysis of the high eccentricity orbit of satellite 1967-31A. The data show good correlation between sudden density increase and geomagnetic disturbance. The increases for disturbances of equal strength are approximately 40% greater during night-time than daytime hours. The day-night influence is also observed in the changes in density with changes in the solar flux index, F 10 . The 27-day density variation is predominant mainly during night-time, although the atmospheric response to F 10 variations is quite variable regardless of local time. A semi-annual variation of approx. 40% is observed. Also found is a 25% diurnal variation for heights near 170–180 km, which is in good agreement with the CIRA 1972 atmosphere.
"If You Prick Us, Do We Not Bleed? If You Tickle Us, Do We Not Laugh?" Jews and Pocketbook Voting

Survey data from the 1980, 1984, and 1988 presidential elections are used to test the proposition that, contrary to the age-old stereotype of Jewish avarice, Jewish Americans are largely immune to "pocketbook voting"--the tendency to support or oppose the in-party candidate on the basis of improving or deteriorating personal economic circumstances. A vote choice model fitted simultaneously for Jews, Catholics, and Protestants indicates that pocketbook voting is no less prominent among Jews than gentiles, a finding in sharp contrast to the conventional wisdom about Jewish electoral behavior.
FILIAL/FAMILY PLAY THERAPY: AN INTERVENTION FOR CUSTODIAL GRANDPARENTS AND THEIR GRANDCHILDREN

Families headed by custodial grandparents form an increasing portion of the population with particular needs. In the last decade there has been a significant rise in the number of grandparents assuming primary responsibility for their grandchildren whose parents are absent or incapacitated. Grandparents encounter many challenges in adjusting to their changing role; and their grandchildren, most of whom are disconnected from their parents, face an increased risk of emotional/ behavioral difficulties. The Filial/Family Play Therapy (FFPT) grandparent training model is a unique intervention for custodial grandparents aimed at fostering healthy parent‐child relationships through training and supervising grandparents in the basic methodology of child‐centered play therapy, while providing them with the emotional support they need. Grandparents conduct weekly play therapy‐type sessions with their grandchild; learning to convey acceptance, empathy, and encouragement, as well as master the skills of effective lim...
Social Class, Occupational Conditions, and Self-Esteem

This study is an attempt at further specification of the relationship between social class and self-esteem. We argue that the effects of social class on self-esteem are largely experienced through occupational conditions which affect the self-evaluation dimensions of self-efficacy and self-worth. We examine these relationships, with the use of path analysis, for a sample of working men. The path model considers the direct and indirect effects of social class (socioeconomic status and education) on occupational conditions (work complexity; control over work; degree of supervision and routinization), on dimensions of self-evaluation (self-efficacy and self-worth), and on general self-esteem. We found the direct effect of our social class indicators on general self-esteem to be small and insignificant. But occupational prestige was significantly related to occupational conditions, which in turn were significantly related to self-worth and self-efficacy. Education had a direct effect on self-efficacy and self...
Localization and interaction effects in thin titanium films

The low-temperature resistance \ensuremath{\delta}R(T)/R and magnetoresistance \ensuremath{\delta}R(B)/R of thin, quasi-two-dimensional disordered titanium films have been measured and used to determine the inelastic scattering time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{i}$, spin-orbit scattering time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{o}.}$, and magnetic impurity scattering time, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$, using the theory of electronic localization and interaction.