cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High performance spectral estimation--A new ARMA method

In this paper a method for generating an ARMA model spectral estimate of a wide-sense stationary time series from a finite set of observations is presented. The method is based upon a set of error equations which are dependent on the ARMA model's parameters. Minimization of a quadratic functional of these error equations with respect to the ARMA model's parameters produces the desired spectral estimate. In examples treated to date, this ARMA spectral estimator has provided significantly better performance when compared to such standard procedures as the maximum entropy and Box-Jenkins methods. The computational requirements of this new method basically entail the solving of a system of p linear equations in the autoregressive coefficients where p denotes the order of the ARMA model. Since an ARMA model will typically be of lower order than its autoregressive model counterpart for a specified fidelity of match, the new ARMA procedure is generally more efficient computationally than the maximum entropy method. With this in mind, this ARMA method offers the promise of being a primary tool in many spectral estimation applications.
Self-Assembly of Magnetic Ni Nanoparticles into 1D Arrays with Antiferromagnetic Order

In this paper, we report on the magnetic properties of isolated nanoparticles and interacting nanochains formed by the self-assembly of Ni nanoparticles. The magnetic properties were studied using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). We demonstrate that single-domain Ni nanoparticles spontaneously form one-dimensional (1D) chains under the influence of an external magnetic field. Furthermore, such magnetic field-driven self-assembly in conjunction with surface templating produces regular arrays of 1D nanochains with antiferromagnetic intra-chain order. The antiferromagnetic order, which is in striking contrast to what is found for non-interacting nanoparticle assemblies within the chains, can be evidenced from MFM and SQUID measurements.
Continued-fraction solutions of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation

A method is described for obtaining continued fractions which lead to logarithmic derivatives of wave functions satisfying one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equations. It is also shown that the wave functions may sometimes be found from the logarithmic derivatives without integration. Several examples are discussed.
Synchronization of division in Escherichia coli.

The smallest cells of a culture in the logarithmic phase, when isolated by a single rapid filtration through 1.2-/u Millipore paper, show good synchronization and reproducibility through the first division cycle. The method minimizes metabolic shock and provides a culture in which an easily reproducible initial state is established at a known time.
Prometheus unbound: NKT cells inhibit hepatic regeneration

Although natural killer T (NKT) cells were discovered over 20 years ago, our understanding of their immunobiology continues to evolve and surprise. NKT cells are T lymphocytes: they arise in the bone marrow, are selected in the thymus, and express a T cell receptor. Unlike classic T cells, however, they are not strictly “adaptive” immune cells: in particular, as a population they express a very narrow range of T cell receptors. The vast majority of mouse NKT cells, for example, express the Vα14-J281 chain and only a finite number of Vβ chains (1). In addition, they express NK cell surface markers, such as NK 1.1. Moreover, unlike classical T cells, they are not restricted by MHC Class I or Class II, but by an MHC-like molecule, CD1d (2). Furthermore, NKT cells do not recognize peptides in the context of CD1d, but rather specialized lipids (3). Functionally NKT cells also reflect major differences from conventional T cells: they are able to produce both classic Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines without prior peripheral stimulation, but when stimulated by their glycolipid antigens downregulate TCR, expand, and divert to a Th1 phenotype (4). Like classical T cells, they are selected in the thymus by a self-molecule: however, it is not a protein, but a trihexosylceramide, iGb3, bound to CD1d (5). Mice deficient in iGb3 demonstrated a severe deficiency of NKT cells, illustrating its critical role in NKT cells selection and survival (5). These features of NKT cells place them into the expanding category of “innate-like” lymphocytes (6). “Innate” immunity has classically been defined by “stereotypical” responses mediated by invariant receptors to defined ligands: for example, the signaling and functional responses of TLR4 when bound to its ligand, LPS. Since the overall TCR repertoire of NKT cells is so limited, the population as a whole responds “innately” to just a few lipid antigens, rather than retaining a population-capability to respond to the full universe of T cell antigens. Finally, and of great interest to the field of hepatic immunity, NKT cells do not circulate freely, but tend to home to and reside for life in specific tissues such as the liver, where they compose ~30% of the intrahepatic lymphoid pool (7).
RATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF NEW UNIDIMENSIONAL SOLIDS: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STUDIES OF MIXED‐VALENCE POLYIODIDES

Abstract : This article surveys recent research in the author's laboratory on rationally synthesizing mixed valence materials, and on studying physicochemical properties of the resulting products. The resonance Raman/iodine-129 Mossbauer technique for charge distribution analysis is first outlined, then results in the areas of partially-oxidized bisdioximates and phthalocyanines are discussed. (Author)
Increased Prevalence of Coronary Ectasia in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Background Although coronary atherosclerosis most commonly produces clinical effects as a result of stenosis, aneurysmal disease also occurs. We have found an increased prevalence of ectasia and aneurysmal disease in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) suggesting a link between plasma lipoproteins and coronary aneurysms. Methods and Results In 197 asymptomatic subjects with FH, we examined the prevalence of ectasia and its association with coronary risk factors. An ectatic segment was defined as one with a luminal diameter >1.5 times that of the adjacent normal segment, excluding poststenotic dilation. Among subjects with FH, 15% had ectasia compared with 2.5% of an age- and sex-matched control group of 198 subjects without FH pre- senting for coronary angiography (P<.001). These control patients had significantly more severe coronary atherosclerosis than patients with FH. Ectasia was 3 times more common in men than women (P<.025). Neither age nor hypertension was predictive. Although in part reflecting th...
Teamwork: The Therapeutic Alliance in Pediatric Pharmacotherapy

All child psychiatrists' interactions with patients and families have important potential meanings, and the act of prescribing medication is no exception. As psychopharmacologic practice has increased in child psychiatry, facility with psychotherapeutic skills, such as establishing an alliance, identifying and treating symptoms, and promoting adherence must follow to enhance clinical outcomes. This article addresses the role of the therapeutic alliance in pediatric work, the psychologic implications of administering medications, developmental issues altering psychopharmacologic efforts, the role of the dual alliance (allying both patients and parents), and recommendations for clinical practice and further research.
FoxP3-Positive T-Regulatory Cells in Lymph Nodes with Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, with skin-associated peripheral lymph nodes being the most frequent extracutaneous site of involvement. Acquisition of functional properties of regulatory T-cells by malignant T-cells in advanced disease may contribute to immunosuppression. Whereas previous studies examining FoxP3 protein expression in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome have focused on skin specimens, little data are available on lymph nodes from patients with these conditions. In this study we examined FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells in lymph nodes from 26 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome and correlated the findings with clinical data, molecular assays for T-cell clonality, and flow cytometry. Except for one case of Sezary syndrome in which malignant T-cells expressed FoxP3 protein, a significantly lower number of FoxP3-expressing cells occurred in lymph nodes that were clearly involved with lymphoma as compared to uninvolved nodes. Cox proportional hazards model showed that lymph node rating and histological evidence of transformation, but not number of FoxP3+ cells, were factors significantly associated with adverse prognosis. We speculate that modulation of FoxP3+ cells in lymph nodes involved with lymphoma might play a role in disease progression. Attainment of a regulatory T-cell phenotype by a subset of lymphoma cells might signal a poor prognosis.
An integrated system for the synthesis of coated waveguides from specified attenuation

The problem of describing the thickness and material properties of inner coatings of waveguides so as to produce a specified rate of attenuation is an increasingly important one. However, the technology for solving such problems is not yet suitable for routine use because (i) the solution procedure requires the solution of two finite element eigenvalue problems to compute the gradient of the object function with respect to every parameter of description and as a result, convergence to the optimum is very slow, and (ii) there is no integrated system for the implementation of these methods that would allow easy use. The author presents the modules for an integrated synthesis system that (i) incorporates a new algorithm for the quick computation of the gradients of the object function, and (ii) integrates drafting and word-processing packages into the finite element field computations so as to allow easy implementation of the synthesis algorithms and their comfortable incorporation into an engineer's other duties, such as writing reports and proposals. >
Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for wastewater treatment

Abstract The first experiments using wetland macrophytes for wastewater treatment were carried by out by Kathe Seidel in Germany in early 1950s. The horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (HF CWs) were initiated by Seidel in the early 1960s and improved by Reinhold Kickuth under the name Root Zone Method in late 1960s and early 1970s and spread throughout Europe in 1980s and 1990s. However, cohesive soils proposed by Kickuth got clogged very quickly because of low hydraulic permeability and were replaced by more porous media such as gravel in late 1980s in the United Kingdom and this design feature is still used. In fact, the use of porous media with high hydraulic conductivity was originally proposed by Seidel. HF CWs provide high removal of organics and suspended solids but removal of nutrients is low. Removal of nitrogen is limited by anoxic/anaerobic conditions in filtration beds which do not allow for ammonia nitrification. Phosphorus removal is restricted by the use of filter materials (pea gravel, crushed rock) with low sorption capacity. Various types of constructed wetlands may be combined in order to achieve higher treatment effect, especially for nitrogen. However, hybrid systems are comprised most frequently of vertical flow (VF) and HF systems arranged in a staged manner. HF systems cannot provide nitrification because of their limited oxygen transfer capacity. VF systems, on the other hand, do provide a good conditions for nitrification but no denitrification occurs in these systems. In hybrid systems (also sometimes called combined systems) the advantages of the HF and VF systems can be combined to complement processes in each system to produce an effluent low in BOD, which is fully nitrified and partly denitrified and hence has a much lower total-N outflow concentrations.
Electrophotographic patterning of thin-film silicon on glass foil

We report the patterning of thin films of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using electrophotographically applied toner as the etch mask. Using a conventional xerographic copier, a toner pattern was applied to 0.1 /spl mu/m thick a-Si:H films deposited on /spl sim/50 /spl mu/m thick glass foil. The toner then served as the etch mask for a-Si:H, and as the lift-off material for the patterning of chromium. This technique opens the prospect of roll-to-roll, high-throughput patterning of large-area thin-film circuits on glass substrates. >
Influence of Culture on the Occupational Therapy Process in the Early Intervention System

Date Presented 4/17/2015 This qualitative research study discusses factors that influence the occupational therapy process as perceived by occupational therapists in the early intervention system who work with families from diverse cultures.
Protective Legislation Relative to Joint Ventures: How Effective has it Been?

The National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 and The Natural Cooperative Production Amendments of 1993 were enacted to clarify U.S. antitrust policy relative to joint research and development and production ventures. In this paper, the author extends an earlier examination of this legislation by extending it to the present in an attempt to assess its overall competitive impact. Though admitting that the data are somewhat limited and difficult to interpret, the author finds that the legislation has apparently not encouraged the formation of such ventures over time. This, however, may suggest that firms are opting to make independent forays into various research and development and production ventures which on the surface would appear to be competitively beneficial.
Media and Modern Manhood: Testing Associations Between Media Consumption and Young Men’s Acceptance of Traditional Gender Ideologies

Content analyses of popular media have consistently documented the narrow and stereotypical ways in which women and men are frequently depicted. Despite growing evidence that these media images impact viewers’ attitudes towards women and gender relations, less is known about how specifically media impact men’s beliefs about masculinity. Thus, the purpose of our paper was to explore the association between media use and beliefs about manhood among a sample of undergraduate men from a U.S. Midwestern university. In Study 1 (N = 488), we examine the relation between young men’s media consumption and their beliefs about the male role using the Adolescent Masculinity in Relationships Scale (AMIRS; Chu et al. 2005). As hypothesized, men’s media use was associated with more traditional beliefs about the male role, with reality TV and movie viewing emerging as significant predictors. Study 2 (N = 449) addresses the contribution of male-oriented media (e.g., sports programming, video games, men’s magazines) to men’s personal adherence to masculinity ideology as measured by the Conformity to Masculine Norm Inventory-46 (Parent and Moradi 2009). Here, sports TV viewing, reality TV viewing, and reading men’s magazines were predictive of stronger adherence to masculinity ideology. These findings suggest that media may contribute not only to beliefs about women and gender relations, but also to young men’s beliefs about manhood and personal enactment of masculinity.
Rehabilitate the Age Discrimination in Employment Act: Resusciate the 'Reasonable Factors Other than Age' Defense and the Disparate Impact Theory

This article will describe the ADEA generally in Section II. Section III will discuss how the ADEA was interpreted before Hazen Paper and will discuss the Hazen Paper case in Section IV. Section V will explore the lower court opinions interpreting the ADEA since Hazen Paper and why these courts hold that the disparate impact theory should not apply. Section VI will sample recent lower court cases illustrating the effect on recent ADEA decisions stemming from not applying the disparate impact theory and RFOA. Section VII will analyze and suggest the proper interpretation of RFOA and the application of the disparate impact theory to the ADEA as the solution to preventing the unjustified use of age-correlated factors.
A Study of Intermetallic Compound Development in Nickel-Tin Interfacial Zones

Interdiffusion and intermetallic formation in Ni-Sn interfacial zones are examined by X-ray diffraction in samples prepared by electroplating of Sn at room temperature. For the case of plating directly onto electropolished nickel, only very sluggish formation of Ni3Sn4 was observed at 190 C. In contrast, when the nickel surface is chemically or chemically-abrasively activated prior to plating, a thin layer of Ni3Sn forms at the initial interface at room temperature, and subsequent annealing at 100 and 190 C produces all intermetallics predicted by the equilibrium phase diagram including Ni3Sn, indicating that the absence of Ni3Sn usually observed arises from its failure to nucleate.
COMPUTATIONS OF LONGSHORE CURRENTS

This article introduces the longshore current computations based on theories published under the title "Longshore Currents and Longshore Troughs" (Bruun, 1963). Two approaches are used to formulate the longshore current velocities for a beach profile with one bar under the following assumptions: (1) that longshore current is evenly distributed (or a mean can be taken) along the depthj (2) that the solitary wave theory is applicable for waves in the surf zone; (3) that the statistical wave-height distribution for a deep water wave spectrum with a single narrow band of frequencies can be used near the shore, and (4) that the depth over the bar crest, Dcr, equal 0.8Hv/i /o\. Breaking wave height H^Q/^X is designated to be the actual height equal to Hw-j (significant wave height). Diagrams have been constructed for both approaches for beach profiles with one bar, from which longshore current velocities caused by various wave-breaking conditions can be read directly. As for longshore currents along the beach with a multibar system, fifteen diagrams covering a great variety of wave-breaking conditions are provided for obtaining longshore current velocities in different troughs.
Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Malignancies

Persistent infection by one of 15 high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types is a necessary but not sufficient cause of 5% of all human cancers. This provides a remarkable opportunity for cancer prevention via immunization. Since Harald zur Hausen's pioneering identification of hrHPV types 16 and 18, found in approximately 50% and 20% of cervical cancers, respectively, two prophylactic HPV vaccines containing virus-like particles (VLP) of each genotype have been widely licensed. These vaccines are beginning to affect infection and HPV-associated neoplasia rates after immunization campaigns in adolescents. Here, we review recent progress and opportunities to better prevent HPV-associated cancers, including broadening immune protection to cover all hrHPV types, reducing the cost of HPV vaccines especially for developing countries that have the highest rates of cervical cancer, and immune-based treatment of established HPV infections. Screening based upon George Papanicolaou's cervical cytology testing, and more recently detection of hrHPV DNA/RNA, followed by ablative treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) have substantially reduced cervical cancer rates, and we examine their interplay with immune-based modalities for the prevention and eventual elimination of cervical cancer and other HPV-related malignancies.
The Problem of Strategic Behavior under Approval Voting

Approval voting is being promoted as “the election reform of the 20th century” (Brams, 1980, p. 105), and indeed if voters' preferences are dichotomous, approval voting has some remarkable qualities: it is uniquely strategy-proof, a candidate wins if and only if he is a Condorcet winner, and voters have simple strategies that are at once sincere and sophisticated. However, all of these results depend on the existence of dichotomous preferences, a contrived and empirically unlikely assumption. Here I show that these virtues of approval voting are replaced by some rather undesirable features under more plausible assumptions. More fundamentally, rather than promoting “honest” behavior, as is sometimes implied, the existence of multiple sincere strategies almost begs voters to behave strategically. I also examine sophisticated approval voting and show that in the general case it need not pick a Condorcet alternative. Ironically, there is a condition under which Condorcet winners may always be picked, but for this to occur, voters sometimes have to vote for candidates of whom they disapprove.
Attractants for Synanthropic Flies: Longevity of Attractant and Toxicant Formulations Evaluated Against Hippelates collusor

Various feeding attractant formulations derived from fermented egg solids by freeze-drying were mixed with commercial sugar-toxicant baits (containing 1% dichlorvos) and studied against Hippelates collusor (Townsend). The attractant formulations showed greatest initial potency when dispensed at the rate of 2–5 g/spot. Longevity of the formulation under simulated field conditions was directly proportional to the amount of formulation dispensed. The overall optimum rate of application was 2–5 g/spot, with the optimum concentration of dichlorvos in the attractant formulation being 0.25–0.5%. Large amounts of the mixture showed some initial repellency which declined with longer exposure.
Stratified estimation of the total number and location of Chinese civil airports based on population coverage using revised LSCP and MCLP models

Determining the appropriate number of civil airports is an important topic in Chinese civil airport planning and development. Qualitative estimation of the number of airports cannot meet the requirement of future planning, thus appropriate quantitative methods are needed for providing sound support for decision making. According to the different accessibility requirements of various demand points, this paper defines different accessibility thresholds for different levels of airports, sets the minimum number of population that an airport should serve, and utilizes the revised Location Set Covering Problem(LSCP) and Maximal Covering Location Problem(MCLP) models for the stratified estimation of the total number and location of Chinese civil airports. The result reveals that to cover 95% of the total population within 100 km rectilinear distance, the required number of airports is 370~385. In the central and western regions, city-and county-level airports are all required. City-level airports need to be constructed in northeast China and there should be a number of new county-level airports in Heilongjiang Province. In the eastern region, seldom any city- level airports but some county- level airports are demanded. The result that some cities do not need new airports in the city-level estimation but the counties under these cities need one or more new airports in the county-level estimation may seem counter intuitive, but this research found that this result is reasonable. The result is heuristic for future civil airport planning.
Benzamide capped peptidomimetics as non-ATP competitive inhibitors of CDK2 using the REPLACE strategy

Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in complex with cyclin A in G1/S phase of the cell cycle has been shown to promote selective apoptosis of cancer cells through the E2F1 pathway. An alternative approach to catalytic inhibition is to target the substrate recruitment site also known as the cyclin binding groove (CBG) to generate selective non-ATP competitive inhibitors. The REPLACE strategy has been applied to identify fragment alternatives and substituted benzoic acid derivatives were evaluated as a promising scaffold to present appropriate functionality to mimic key peptide determinants. Fragment Ligated Inhibitory Peptides (FLIPs) are described which potently inhibit both CDK2/cyclin A and CDK4/cyclin D1 and have preliminary anti-tumor activity. A structural rationale for binding was obtained through molecular modeling further demonstrating their potential for further development as next generation non ATP competitive CDK inhibitors.
Using Foreign Language Words in Trademarks

The use of foreign languages in trademarks is of great interest to most linguists. Some countries, such as Portugal, Spain, Argentina, Mexico, and China have prohibited nationals from using foreign languages at all in their trademarks, believing that such use involves an inherent likelihood of deception with regard to the foreign origin of the products. The issues of descriptiveness and suggestiveness are also interesting linguistic issues when foreign language words are part of a trademark. Should a mark’s descriptiveness or suggestiveness be considered from the perspective of speakers of the country where the protection is sought or from those who speak the foreign language itself? Can a mark be descriptive or suggestive in English when it is not in French, Spanish, or Arabic? Is a French name for expensive perfumes more suggestive than the English translation of that mark?
Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated neutrophilic dermatosis with palmoplantar involvement.

Neutrophilic infiltrates in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are commonly associated with bullous or vasculitic disease. Recently, an increasing number of reports describe a nonbullous, nonvasculitic SLE-associated neutrophilic dermatosis. Prior cases of SLE-associated neutrophilic dermatosis describe an urticarial eruption involving the trunk and extremities. Here we report the case of a 27-year-old woman with SLE-associated neutrophilic dermatosis with palmoplantar involvement, thus, expanding the clinical spectrum of this disease. Neutrophilic dermatosis may represent the initial cutaneous manifestation of systemic disease in one-third of patients. Thus, prompt recognition of this distinct cutaneous entity should promote screening for SLE.
Engineering Thermoplastics—Materials, Properties, Trends

Engineering thermoplastics and advanced engineering thermoplastics or ultrapolymers comprise a special, high-performance segment of synthetic plastic materials that offer premium properties. When properly formulated, ETP may be shaped into mechanically functional, semiprecision parts or structural components. This chapter presents a historical overview of the development of engineering thermoplastics covers the early pioneers in the field up to recent advances in engineering thermoplastics. In addition, it covers a broad range of chemistries, types of polymers, their properties, key performance features, and a brief description of targeted markets.
Probing the Mechanism of Micellar Sensitization of Photometric Analysis

The absorption spectroscopy of the surfactant-sensitized Chrome Azural S (CAS) complex of beryllium has been examined in detail, in order to ascertain its sensitivity to various solution parameters (preliminary to an investigation of the fundamental sensitization mechanism). Surprisingly, sensitization was observed with at least one anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and one nonionic surfactant (dimethyloctynediol) in addition to the effects expected for cationic surfactants (benzyldimethyl-hexadecylammonium chloride and cetyItrimethylammonium bromide). However, sensitization was not observed with three other nonionic surfactants (3,5-dimethyl-l-hexyn-3-ol, 3-hydroxy-l-propanesulfonic acid γ-sultone, and polyvinyl alcohol), even though sensitization has been reported elsewhere for one of these (PVA).
Sustainability of Apparel Supply Chain in South Africa: Application of the Triple Top Line Model

The researchers documented the sustainability characteristics of a cotton apparel supply chain in South Africa. In-depth interviews were conducted across the entire supply chain from cotton farmers...
LNA Thymidine Monomer Enables Differentiation of the Four Single-Nucleotide Variants by Melting Temperature

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of DNA is a closed-tube single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection method that has shown many advantages in point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine. While recently developed melting probes have demonstrated significantly improved discrimination of mismatched (mutant) alleles from matched (wild-type) alleles, no effort has been made to design a simple melting probe that can reliably distinguish all four SNP alleles in a single experiment. Such a new probe could facilitate the discovery of rare genetic mutations at lower cost. Here we demonstrate that a melting probe embedded with a single locked thymidine monomer (tL) can reliably differentiate the four SNP alleles by four distinct melting temperatures (termed the “4Tm probe”). This enhanced discriminatory power comes from the decreased melting temperature of the tL·C mismatched hybrid as compared to that of the t·C mismatched hybrid, while the melting temperatures of the tL-A, tL·G and tL·T hybrids ar...
Feedback valence during business idea development: predictor of performance, motivator of change, or both?

Given the lack of resources available to small business owners, it is important to examine specific actions within new product development processes that firms can take to improve the performance of new business ideas. This research explored the relationships between feedback valence, action, and performance during business idea development in small businesses. Using a sample of 98 small business owners, findings suggest that feedback positivity is related to higher performance; feedback negativity influences the extent of changes made to the product; and those changes contribute to increased performance. Additionally, by examining high and low intensities of positive and negative feedback, it appears that positive feedback can have detrimental effects (over-predict performance and dampen product changes). This article examines feedback as a mechanism by which input from external others contributes to product performance in small firms, and suggests specific feedback-seeking behaviors to improve the succe...
Depositional history and provenance of Paleogene strata in the Sage Creek basin, southwestern Montana

In southwestern Montana (SWMT), Paleogene strata that are preserved in the Sage Creek basin were deposited during the transition from late-stage Sevier-Laramide compressional tectonism to extensional reactivation of the northern Rocky Mountain region. Similar to correlative deposits across the Cordillera, Sage Creek basin strata host diverse paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental proxies such as mammal fossil assemblages, paleobotanical fossil assemblages, and thick paleosol successions. As such, Sage Creek basin strata have been the focus of recent paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental studies, which have yielded results that indicate significant tectonic, climatic, and topographic evolution of the northern Cordillera during Paleogene time. This study revisits a succession of Paleocene to Oligocene terrestrial deposits in the Sage Creek basin of SWMT that have recently been at the forefront of Cenozoic paleoclimate studies in the northern Rocky Mountains. We present detailed physical stratigraphic trends, cobble and detrital zircon provenance data, and detrital zircon–based age constraints for the Paleocene to Oligocene basin fill that reveal the evolution of depositional systems, sediment routing, and approximate rates of deposition in the basin. The new data are compared with regional trends in structural deformation and volcanism to interpret a detailed depositional and tectonic history of the SWMT region. Specifically, the Paleogene strata record (1) the final pulse of Sevier-Laramide deformation in the region; (2) widespread erosional exhumation of the Sevier fold-thrust belt and Laramide intraforeland uplifts during Paleocene and early Eocene time; (3) middle Eocene onset of localized, bimodal volcanism and volcaniclastic sedimentation associated with gravitational collapse of the Cor­di­lleran complex; and (4) middle Eocene to Oligocene extensional reactivation of the Sevier fold-thrust belt and Laramide intraforeland province. Constraints on the timing, duration, and sedimentary response to such events provide a more complete understanding of the tectonic and topographic evolution of SWMT, which provides an essential framework for interpreting the suites of terrestrial paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data in the northern Cordillera.
Classification of ADHD and Non-ADHD Subjects Using a Universal Background Model.

Abstract ADHD affects a major portion of our children, predominantly boys. Upon diagnosis treatment can be offered that is usually quite effective. Diagnosis is generally based on subjective observation and interview. As a result, an objective test for the detection or presence of ADHD is considered very desirable. Based on EEG, across multiple channels, using autoregressive model parameters as features, ADHD detection is approached here in analogy with the imposter problem known from speaker verification. Gaussian mixture models are used to define ADHD and universal background models so that a likelihood ratio detector can be designed. The efficacy of this approach is reflected in the traditional detector performance measures of the area-under-the-curve and equal-error-probability. The results – based on a limited database of males, approximately 6 years of age – indicate that high probability of detection and low equal error rate can be achieved simultaneously with the proposed approach, when using EEG collected during an attention network task. The effect of using contaminated data is investigated as well.
LCR Optimization Under HQLA Caps

In this short technical note we present an efficient algorithm for the maximization of the Liquidity Cover Ratio (LCR) when lower level asset caps are activated. This algorithm acts by selecting the most efficient assets to remove from the pool of such assets in order to maximize the LCR without violating the regulatory caps.
Economic drivers of telecoupling and terrestrial carbon fluxes in the global soybean complex

Abstract Telecoupling is a novel concept describing simultaneous multiscale interactions between human and natural systems across long distances. One important vehicle for telecoupling is international agricultural trade, which has previously been addressed using multiregional input-output (MRIO) methods. This study advances that work by accounting for market-mediating factors based on the GTAP-BIO model. We apply this framework to analyze the economic and environmental consequences of the Brazilian soybean boom. We decompose the drivers of this telecoupled system into five groups – macroeconomic growth, soybean productivity, other crop productivity, government policies, and pasture and forestry factors – quantifying each socio-economic driver’s local and distant contributions to all human and natural changes in this system. We find that China’s macroeconomic growth boosted soybean production and exports from Brazil and the US, whereas macroeconomic growth in the latter two regions actually dampened soybean exports over the 2004–2011 period under examination. Brazil’s strong soybean productivity growth over this period, allowed that country to become dominant in the global soybean market. It also had strong spillover effects, displacing the US in the Chinese market and reducing overall growth in soybean output in the US. This strong soybean productivity growth also contributed to cropland expansion in Brazil.
Numerical Simulation of the Formation of Constricted Waterjets in Hydroentangling Nozzles: Effects of Nozzle Geometry

The role of nozzle geometry on the formation of constricted waterjets, waterjets that are detached from the wall throughout the nozzle, is considered in this paper. Such waterjets have found applications in various industries, including nonwoven processing. Due to the very small time and length scales involved in high-speed flow through micronozzles, experimental observation of the jet formation is cumbersome if not impossible. Computer simulation, on the other hand, can improve our understanding of the waterjet formation process under such conditions. In this paper, we report on flow simulations of water through sharp-edge cone-capillary nozzles having a diameter of 128 mm at different Reynolds numbers. Unsteady-state laminar two-phase flow is considered in axisymmetric nozzles with different capillary lengths. Our simulations show the separation of the flow from the nozzle wall as it enters the orifice. Simulations have also revealed that flow reattachment occurs in cases where the nozzle capillary length is longer than a critical length. For sharpedge nozzles operating at high Reynolds numbers, the critical capillary length is found to be about 70% of the nozzle diameter. Nozzles with a capillary length less than the above critical length produce a constricted waterjet with no apparent cavitation during the jet formation.
Employee Contributions to Local Government Retirement Systems: A Theoretical Analysis of Effects:

The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical model capable of assessing the extent to which required employee contributions to a local government retirement system necessitate increase...
The Stable Case

In this chapter, unless I say otherwise, let P be a standard stochastic semigroup on the countable set I, with all states stable: $$ q(i) = - P'\left( {0,i,i} \right) < \infty $$ for all i The first problem is to create a P-chain X all of whose sample functions are regular: continuous from the right, with limits from the left at all times, when discrete I has been compactified by adjoining the point at infinity φ. This is done in Section 2. To see why compactification is a good idea, look at (6.142).
Gene therapy in mouse models of deafness and balance dysfunction

Therapeutic strategies to restore hearing and balance in mouse models of inner ear disease aim to rescue sensory function by gene replacement, augmentation, knock down or knock out. Modalities to achieve therapeutic effects have utilized virus-mediated transfer of wild type genes and small interfering ribonucleic acids; systemic and focal administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and designer small molecules; and lipid-mediated transfer of Cas 9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. This work has established that gene or drug administration to the structurally and functionally immature, early neonatal mouse inner ear prior to hearing onset is a prerequisite for the most robust therapeutic responses. These observations may have significant implications for translating mouse inner ear gene therapies to patients. The human fetus hears by gestational week 19, suggesting that a corollary window of therapeutic efficacy closes early in the second trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesize that fetal therapeutics deployed prior to hearing onset may be the most effective approach to preemptively manage genetic mutations that cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction. We assert that gene therapy studies in higher vertebrate model systems with fetal hearing onset and a comparable acoustic range and sensitivity to that of humans are an essential step to safely and effectively translate murine gene therapies to the clinic.
Survival Modeling of Pancreatic Cancer with Radiology Using Convolutional Neural Networks.

No reliable biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer are known to date but morphological signatures from non-invasive imaging might be able to close this gap. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network-based survival model trained directly from computed tomography (CT) images. 159 CT images with associated survival data, and 3D segmentations of organ and tumor were provided by the Pancreatic Cancer Survival Prediction MICCAI grand challenge. A simple, yet novel, approach was used to convert CT slices into RGB-channel images in order to utilize pre-training of the model’s convolutional layers. The proposed model achieves a concordance index of 0.85, indicating a relationship between high-level features in CT imaging and disease progression. The ultimate hope is that these promising results translate to more personalized treatment decisions and better cancer care for patients.
Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Intramedullary Nails Perform Poorly in Long-Bone Surgery

Carbon-fiber-reinforced (CFR) polymer has produced great excitement in the orthopedic community as a material that will reduce bone healing times and provide improved image quality. Osteotomy stabilized with an intramedullary (IM) nail has become a common technique to address post-traumatic malalignment of the lower extremity. The following questions were asked: (1) Did CFR polymer nails provide a rapid healing time after long bone osteotomy, shortening, or fracture? (2) Did the CFR polymer nails produce unexpected complications? A retrospective review was conducted in patients who received CFR polymer IM nails for various indications, from April 2016 to January 2017 in a deformity and trauma practice, ﻿using patient charts and radiographs. The primary outcomes were time to union and incidence of complications including nonunion, hardware failure, neurovascular injury, venous thromboembolism, and infection. Twelve patients who received CFR polymer IM nails in 16 limbs for various indications were included in our analysis. Patients were followed for an average of 16.9 months. Eleven limbs underwent realignment and were corrected an average of 23° through a diaphyseal osteotomy. Three limbs underwent limb-shortening surgery, an average of 25 mm, through an open, excisional osteotomy of the femoral diaphysis. Two diaphyseal, closed tibia fractures underwent routine IM nailing. The average time to union was 107.6 days, which included all limbs that united (11/16, 69%). Nonunion occurred in 5/16 (31%) of limbs. Complications recorded included nonunion and hardware failure, most of which resulted in unplanned surgery. The use of the CFR polymer IM nail was associated with loss of fixation and nonunion after surgeries that have traditionally healed uneventfully. The increased elasticity of the CFR polymer allows for more motion at the osteotomy/fracture interface than the stiffer titanium counterparts, exposing long-bone osteotomies to delayed union and nonunion, a finding seen with CFR polymer plates. The overwhelmingly poor early results of this device applied to a long-bone deformity practice have led these authors to abandon the use of this implant.
Chapter 12 - Electronic and chemical properties of palladium in bimetallic systems: How much do we know about heteronuclear metal-metal bonding?

This chapter explains electronic and chemical properties of palladium in bimetallic systems and presents an overview of the studies that deal with the electronic and chemical properties of Pd in bimetallic systems. The chapter focuses on palladium for three main reasons. First, bimetallic catalysts that contain Pd or other Group-10 metals have many uses such as isomerization of hydrocarbons, olefin hydrogenation, CO oxidation, alcohol synthesis, and acetylene trimerization. Second, palladium is very sensitive to the formation of bimetallic bonds. And third, there are a vast number of experimental and theoretical studies that examine the properties of Pd in bimetallic systems. The chapter presents a description of photoemission and thermal desorption experiments for Pd overlayers on different types of metal substrates. General trends in the experimental data are examined and bonding models that explain them are discussed in the chapter. From the combination of experiments and theory, a complete picture of the nature of bimetallic bonding is beginning to emerge.
Reversible electrochemical interface of Mg metal and conventional electrolyte enabled by intermediate adsorption

Conventional electrolytes made by mixing simple Mg2+ salts and aprotic solvents, analogous to those in Li-ion batteries, are incompatible with Mg anodes because Mg metal readily reacts with such el...
Orthobiologics for the Hip Region: A Narrative Review

Management of hip region disorders is challenging. Orthobiologic treatments including platelet rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells, and amniotic injectables have gained popularity as promising treatments despite a lack of robust evidence for their effectiveness. We review rationale and current evidence for orthobiologics for three common hip region conditions: hip osteoarthritis, gluteal tendinopathy, and proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Overall, the current state of evidence is extremely limited for orthobiologic treatments and is predominantly relevant to PRP injections. There is currently a lack of data to support the use of mesenchymal stem cells or amniotic injectables in these conditions of the hip.
Culture Is Associated With the Experience of Long-Term Self-Concept Changes:

Cultural context can affect how changes in self-concepts are either valued or tolerated. However, very little is currently known regarding how culture may differentially confer consequences to peop...
Black Hawk’s Skull

The Fowler Brothers famously studied the skull of Black Hawk—an Indian warrior—before he died in 1838. The studies of his skull—published in the American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany—describe Black Hawk’s mind as in a “savage state.” The warrior’s personality was characterized as bellicose, courageous, destructive and secretive: traits revealed by examining a plaster mold of his head. Public discourse surrounding the skull weaves intertextually with cultural notions that collecting skulls served as a gentleman’s pastime. A sign of refinement was displaying human skulls like household knick-knacks. A darker side to skull-collecting came from grave-robbers who could earn cash by selling Indian body parts to museums and collectors. As we learn later, one such collector dug up Black Hawk’s corpse and stole his skull.
Laboratory Process Improvement: A Quality Initiative in an Outpatient Oncology Clinic

The goal of achieving maximum productivity through process redesign and teamwork in oncology laboratory (lab) operations can be challenging in cancer care organizations. At an urban cancer center, missing lab orders occurred frequently and led to increases in lab errors, turnaround time, and patient wait times. Patient and staff satisfaction metrics were also affected, resulting in suboptimal scores. A nurse-driven practice change project was initiated after a thorough assessment in two clinic sites. The application of targeted lean methodology to redesign lab processes and workflows, in addition to engaging multiple stakeholders, was implemented to support a culture of continuous quality improvement.
Multiplexing URLLC Traffic Within eMBB Services in 5G NR: Fair Scheduling

5G New Radio (NR) is envisioned to efficiently support both enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Due to the severe constraint of URLLC traffic, the time resources used by eMBB are further divided into mini-slots. From the media access control (MAC) layer scheduling perspective, the resource allocation occurs on different timescales, and URLLC traffic is pre-emptively overlapped at the mini-slot timescale to obtain the strict requirements of URLLC (achieve 99.999% reliability within 1 ms latency). In this article, we analyze the multiplexing of eMBB and URLLC traffic in 5G downlink transmission, with the dual objectives of maximizing eMBB utility like proportional fairness for eMBB users while satisfying URLLC constraints. We formulate the resource allocation problem in each mini-slot as the integer programming (IP) problem with two solutions: 1) convex relaxation; 2) greedy algorithm. The simulation results show that our algorithms have a higher utility of eMBB users while satisfying the URLLC users’ latency and reliability requirements than using basic round robin. The performance comparison between the two algorithms is extensively studied, and the choice of two algorithms in practice can be decided by the trade-off analysis investigated in this article.