cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon-13 chemical shifts of substituted t-butylbenzenes, phenyltrimethylsilanes and phenyltrimethylgermanes

Abstract Carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts are reported for three series of Group IV aromatics p -XC 6 H 4 Y(CH 3 ) 3 where Y = C, Si and Ge. The shifts for the C(1), C(2), CH 3 and C(α) carbons correlate with the substituent parameters σ, and σ o R , and the slopes of the CH 3 correlations suggest roughly equal transmitting abilities for carbon and silicon. For a given substituent X, the shift of the C(1) carbon varies in the order C>Ge>Si expected from electronegativity considerations. The other ring carbon atoms experience smaller changes corresponding to their respective positions ortho , para , and meta to Y. The shifts of the C(4) and C(2, 6) carbons vary Si>Ge>C, in agreement (for X = N(CH 3 ) 2 with atomic charge values from published CNDO/2 calculations for carbon and silicon which indicate that while silicon exerts an electron-releasing effect through the σ-framework, there is a net π-withdrawal registered at the C(4) and C(2, 6) carbon atoms relative to Y = C.
The subarcuate fossa and cerebellum of extant primates: comparative study of a skull-brain interface.

The subarcuate fossa of the petrosal bone houses the petrosal lobule of the cerebellar paraflocculus. Although the subarcuate fossa can be extensive, little is known about its relative size and distribution in primates. Studies indicate parafloccular involvement with cerebellar areas coordinating vestibular, visual, auditory, and locomotor systems. Hypotheses have proposed a role for the paraflocculus in vestibular-oculomotor integration, caudal muscle control, autonomic function, and visual-manual predation. This study examines the morphology and relative extent of the subarcuate fossa/petrosal lobule in a range of living primates. Methods include study of postmortem specimens representing nine mammalian orders, and quantification of the volume of the subarcuate fossa and endocranial cavity in 155 dry primate crania of 36 genera. Results show that, in mammals, the size and morphology of the petrosal lobule is directly related to that of the subarcuate fossa. Craniometric analysis shows that the ratio of subarcuate fossa volume to endocranial volume is largest in lemuriforms. The largest ratio is in Microcebus and Hapalemur. Lorisids show a significant reduction in the size of the subarcuate fossa to almost 50% below the lemuriform mean. Tarsius is near the lemuriform mean. Among platyrrhines, the ratio is high, but significantly reduced compared to lemuriforms. The highest platyrrhine ratio is seen in Ateles, the lowest in Saimiri and Alouatta. Atelids are significantly elevated compared to cebids. In cercopithecids, the fossa is significantly reduced compared to platyrrhines. The trend toward reduction of the cercopithecid fossa is most pronounced in Theropithecus and least evident in Presbytis. In hominoids, the fossa is present only in Hylobates. In great apes and humans, other than Gorilla, the petromastoid canal occupies a similar location to the subarcuate fossa of other primates, but is not homologous to it. Neither the subarcuate fossa nor the petromastoid canal are present in Gorilla. A graded reduction of the subarcuate fossa/petrosal lobule is evident among primates which evolved later in time. The relative size of this cerebellar lobule within primates may reflect size-related factors and/or degree of neocortical evolution as these relate to usage of a specific sensory-mediated locomotor behavior. The subarcuate fossa may serve as an indicator of the differentiation of the petrosal lobule of the paraflocculus in fossil forms.
MANIA IN THE ELDERLY

Forty-two patients 60 years old and older who fulfilled DSM-III criteria for mania were retrospectively identified. Symptom profiles and treatment response were similar to those of younger patients. No evidence was obtained to support physical illness as a common precipitant of late-life mania.
Exact computation of a sum or difference with applications to argument reduction

Results are presented that identify when the computed value of a sum or difference is exact. The accuracy of an argument reduction algorithm is analyzed using these results. This analysis demonstrates that catastrophic cancellation does not occur in this algorithm's computation of the reduced argument. >
From the Interactional View—A Conversation with Paul Watzlawick

“Can one not communicate?” and other questions of therapy, politics, and “truth” are explored in this interview.
Testing a Bioecological Model to Examine Social Support in Postpartum Adolescents

Purpose:The purpose was twofold and included examining a bioecological model as a framework to describe social support in postpartum adolescents. The second purpose was to determine the relationship between a comprehensive view of the context of social support and symptoms of depression. Design:Cross-sectional design with convenience sampling (n= 85) of adolescents at 4–6 weeks postpartum, recruited from two community hospitals. Methods:Approval was received from the university's IRB (institutional review board), each recruitment site, the adolescent mothers, and their parents or guardians. Data were collected by a research assistant during home visits using a battery of self-report instruments to measure macro, meso, and microsystems of social support. Demographics, exposure to community violence (macrosystem), social support, social network (mesosystem), and perceived stress, mastery, and self-esteem (microsystem) were predictor variables. Depressive symptoms were measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression (CES-D) Scale. Findings:Variables from each system were significant predictors of depressive symptoms but perceived stress was the strongest predictor. Many postpartum adolescents reported that they had been victims of violence. Significant symptoms of depression were identified in 37% of the postpartum adolescents. Conclusions:Context is important to consider in comparing international studies of social support. Researchers and clinicians should investigate variables associated with the low incidence of treatment for depressive symptoms in postpartum adolescents. Clinical Relevance:Feelings of high self-esteem and mastery should be fostered in nursing interventions with postpartum adolescents and routine screening for symptoms of depression should be considered in relevant healthcare settings.
Nonlinear Optics in Silicon Waveguides : Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two-Photon Absorption

Silicon-On-Insulator integrated optics boasts low loss waveguides and tight optical confinement necessary for the design of nanophotonic devices. In addition, the processing is fully compatible with capabilities of standard silicon foundries. Because of crystal symmetry, silicon does not possess 2nd order nonlinear optical effects. However, the combination of nanoscale geometries with the high refractive index contrast creates high optical intensities where 3rd order effects may become important, and in fact, may be exploited. In this context, we study the two main nonlinear processes that can occur in silicon waveguides, namely Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) from zone-center optical phonons and Two-Photon Absorption (TPA). Because of the single crystal structure, the Raman gain coefficient in silicon is several orders of magnitude larger than that in the (amorphous) glass fiber while its bandwidth is limited to approximately 100GHz. To achieve Raman gain in the 1550nm region requires the pump to be centered at around 1427nm. We discuss the Raman selection rules in a silicon waveguide and present the design of an SOI Raman amplifier. We show that by causing pump depletion, TPA can limit the amount of achievable Raman gain. TPA also limits the maximum optical SNR of the silicon amplifier.
Seasonal Studies of an Isolated Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Population in Eastern Tennessee

Seasonal studies on a 1,200-ha isolated infestation of Solenopsis invicta Buren located in McMinn County, TN, were initiated in 1993 and continued through 1997. Winter survivability was evaluated and compared with a southern Mississippi site. The impact of S. invicta on local myrmecofauna was compared with a Tennessee non-infested site. Data collected over four winters indicate that consecutive days at a low ambient air maximum temperature is more indicative of S. invicta winter survivability than minimum temperature. After significant S. invicta mortality the first winter (1993–1994), we did not find significant differences in ant species diversity between the S. invicta infested Tennessee site and a similar, but non-infested site, 32 km away. Species commonly collected in the S. invicta infested site included Forelius pruinosus Roger, an unnamed Forelius sp., Paratrechina terricola (Buckley) and Pheidole vinelandica Forel.
In the Absence of Type III Receptor, the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Type II-B Receptor Requires the Type I Receptor to Bind TGF-β2

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) ligands exert their biological effects through type II (TβRII) and type I receptors (TβRI). Unlike TGF-β1 and -β3, TGF-β2 appears to require the co-receptor betaglycan (type III receptor, TβRIII) for high affinity binding and signaling. Recently, the TβRIII null mouse was generated and revealed significant non-overlapping phenotypes with the TGF-β2 null mouse, implying the existence of TβRIII independent mechanisms for TGF-β2 signaling. Because a variant of the type II receptor, the type II-B receptor (TβRII-B), has been suggested to mediate TGF-β2 signaling in the absence of TβRIII, we directly tested the ability of TβRII-B to bind TGF-β2. Here we show that the soluble extracellular domain of the type II-B receptor (sTβRII-B.Fc) bound TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 with high affinity (Kd values = 31.7 ± 22.8 and 74.6 ± 15.8 pm, respectively), but TGF-β2 binding was undetectable at corresponding doses. Similar results were obtained for the soluble type II receptor (sTβRII.Fc). However, sTβRII.Fc or sTβRII-B.Fc in combination with soluble type I receptor (sTβRI.Fc) formed a high affinity complex that bound TGF-β2, and this complex inhibited TGF-β2 in a biological inhibition assay. These results show that TGF-β2 has the potential to signal in the absence of TβRIII when sufficient TGF-β2, TβRI, and TβRII or TβRII-B are present. Our data also support a cooperative model for receptor-ligand interactions, as has been suggested by crystallization studies of TGF-β receptors and ligands. Our cell-free binding assay system will allow for testing of models of receptor-ligand complexes prior to actual solution of crystal structures.
Accountability and academic freedom: The battle concerning research on cold fusion at Texas A&M university

(2000). Accountability and academic freedom: The battle concerning research on cold fusion at Texas A&M university. Accountability in Research: Vol. 8, No. 1-2, pp. 103-119.
Osteoclast precursor differentiation by MCPIP via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy

Osteoclasts (OCs) are responsible for bone resorption in inflammatory joint diseases. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) has been shown to induce differentiation of monocytes to OC precursors, but nothing is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we elucidate how MCPIP, induced by MCP-1, mediates this differentiation. Knockdown of MCPIP abolished MCP-1-mediated expression of OC markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and serine protease cathepsin K. Expression of MCPIP induced p47(PHOX) and its membrane translocation, reactive oxygen species formation, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress chaperones, up-regulation of autophagy marker, Beclin-1, and lipidation of LC3, and induction of OC markers. Inhibition of oxidative stress attenuated ER stress and autophagy, and suppressed expression of OC markers. Inhibition of ER stress by a specific inhibitor or by knockdown of IRE1 blocked autophagy and induction of OC markers. ER stress inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin, induced expression of OC markers. Autophagy inhibition by 3'-methyladenine, LY294002, wortmannin or by knockdown of Beclin-1 or Atg 7 inhibited MCPIP-induced expression of OC markers. These results strongly suggest that MCP-1-induced differentiation of OC precursor cells is mediated via MCPIP-induced oxidative stress that causes ER stress leading to autophagy, revealing a novel mechanistic insight into the role of MCP-1 in OCs differentiation.
High-level expression of ice nuclei in Erwinia herbicola is induced by phosphate starvation and low temperature.

In laboratory cultures of ice nucleation-active (Ice+) Erwinia herbicola isolates, it has been difficult to achieve high-level expression of ice nuclei, especially nuclei active at temperatures warmer than −5°C (i.e., type 1 ice nuclei). Here we demonstrate that starvation for phosphate and exposure to low temperature triggers expression of ice nuclei in E. herbicola cultures. Starvation for nitrogen, sulfur, or iron was less effective. Under optimal conditions with two different strains, essentially all cells produced ice nuclei active at −10°C or warmer, with an average of 22% containing type 1 ice nuclei within 1 h of a low-temperature shift. These conditions did not greatly enhance the shedding of ice nucleation-active membrane vesicles that are known to be produced by Ice+ E. herbicola isolates. These results support the theory that the Ice+ phenotype may allow nutrient-limited epiphytes to trigger freezing damage, releasing nutrients from host plants.
Structure and Magnetic Ordering of a 2-D MnII(TCNE)I(OH2) (TCNE = tetracyanoethylene) Organic-based Magnet (Tc = 171 K)

MnII(TCNE)I(OH2) was isolated from the reaction of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and MnI2(THF)3, and has a 2-D structure possessing an unusual, asymmetric bonded μ4-[TCNE]˙−. Direct antiferromagnetic coupling between the S = 5/2 MnII and S = 1/2 [TCNE]˙− leads to magnetic ordering as a canted antiferrimagnet at a Tc of 171 K.
Updating the Standard Spatial Observer for contrast detection

Watson and Ahmuada (2005) constructed a Standard Spatial Observer (SSO) model for foveal luminance contrast signal detection based on the Medelfest data (Watson, 1999). Here we propose two changes to the model, dropping the oblique effect from the CSF and using the cone density data of Curcio et al. (1990) to estimate the variation of sensitivity with eccentricity. Dropping the complex images, and using medians to exclude outlier data points, the SSO model now accounts for essentially all the predictable variance in the data, with an RMS prediction error of only 0.67 dB.
An Interactive Mixed Reality Framework for Virtual Humans

In this paper, we present a simple and robust Mixed Reality (MR) framework that allows for real-time interaction with Virtual Humans in real and virtual environments under consistent illumination. We will look at three crucial parts of this system: interaction, animation and global illumination of virtual humans for an integrated and enhanced presence. The interaction system comprises of a dialogue module, which is interfaced with a speech recognition and synthesis system. Next to speech output, the dialogue system generates face and body motions, which are in turn managed by the virtual human animation layer. Our fast animation engine can handle various types of motions, such as normal key-frame animations, or motions that are generated on-the-fly by adapting previously recorded clips. All these different motions are generated and blended on-line, resulting in a flexible and realistic animation. Our robust rendering method operates in accordance with the previous animation layer, based on an extended for virtual humans Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) illumination model, resulting in a realistic display of such interactive virtual characters in mixed reality environments. Finally, we present a scenario that illustrates the interplay and application of our methods, glued under a unique framework for presence and interaction in MR.
Proxy method for fast haptic rendering from time varying point clouds

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for haptic rendering from time varying point clouds captured using an Xbox Kinect RGB-D camera. Existing methods for point-based haptic rendering using a proxy can not directly be applied in this situation since no information about the underlying objects is given. This paper extends the notion of proxy to point clouds. The haptic algorithm presented here renders haptic forces from point clouds captured in real-time representing both static and dynamic objects.
The Ski7 Antiviral Protein Is an EF1-α Homolog That Blocks Expression of Non-Poly(A) mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We mapped and cloned SKI7, a gene that negatively controls the copy number of L-A and M double-stranded RNA viruses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that it encodes a nonessential 747-residue protein with similarities to two translation factors, Hbs1p and EF1-α. The ski7 mutant was hypersensitive to hygromycin B, a result also suggesting a role in translation. The SKI7 product repressed the expression of nonpolyadenylated [non-poly(A)] mRNAs, whether capped or uncapped, thus explaining why Ski7p inhibits the propagation of the yeast viruses, whose mRNAs lack poly(A). The dependence of the Ski7p effect on 3′ RNA structures motivated a study of the expression of capped non-poly(A) luciferase mRNAs containing 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) differing in length. In a wild-type strain, increasing the length of the 3′UTR increased luciferase expression due to both increased rates and duration of translation. Overexpression of Ski7p efficiently cured the satellite virus M2 due to a twofold-increased repression of non-poly(A) mRNA expression. Our experiments showed that Ski7p is part of the Ski2p-Ski3p-Ski8p antiviral system because a single ski7 mutation derepresses the expression of non-poly(A) mRNA as much as a quadruple ski2 ski3 ski7 ski8 mutation, and the effect of the overexpression of Ski7p is not obtained unless other SKI genes are functional. ski1/xrn1Δ ski2Δ and ski1/xrn1Δ ski7Δ mutants were viable but temperature sensitive for growth.
Implementing the IEEE A Broad Based Environment for Test (ABBET) standard using an object technology-based approach

In May 1996, the evolved IEEE ABBET standard was approved to be balloted as a full-use standard replacing the 1226-1993 trial use version that was focused on an Ada Language centric-implementation approach. A major change in the revised ABBET Standard was its reflection of a hardware/software implementation-independent approach to the creation of test programs. No particular methodology and/or technology was recommended to be used to apply the new version of the ABBET standard. However, the commercial and military use of object technology-to create test programs has shown that the ABBET implementation independence goal is achievable. With this implementation independent approach benefits have been realized that to date-have only been enjoyed on an infrequent basis and then only under "special" circumstances. This paper provides an historical perspective of the IEEE's 1226 Subcommittee's evolution to an implementation-independent approach to test, discusses the relationship of OOT to test, explain the attributes of object technology and discusses some possible object technology-focused implementation approaches.
Fault detection and isolation for stochastic linear hybrid systems

A model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme is proposed for a stochastic linear hybrid system (SLHS) which has both discrete state dynamics and linear continuous state dynamics. We first propose a residual generation filter for the SLHS. It is shown that this filter generates a residual vector with zero mean and a known covariance when the SLHS matches the plant dynamics. Based on the known statistical properties of the residual, we then design a FDI scheme based on multiple hypothesis testing. We illustrate an application of the FDI scheme to an aircraft autolanding system.
High-fructose corn syrup: is this what's for dinner?

Background Research on trends in consumption of added sugar and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the United States has largely focused on calorically sweetened beverages and ignored other sources. Objective We aimed to examine US consumption of added sugar and HFCS to determine long-term trends in availability and intake from beverages and foods. Design We used 2 estimation techniques and data from the Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (1965 and 1977), Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (1989-1991), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004) to examine trends in HFCS and added sugar both overall and within certain food and beverage groups. Results Availability and consumption of HFCS and added sugar increased over time until a slight decline between 2000 and 2004. By 2004, HFCS provided roughly 8% of total energy intake compared with total added sugar of 377 kcal x person(-1) x d(-1), accounting for 17% of total energy intake. Although food and beverage trends were similar, soft drinks and fruit drinks provided the most HFCS (158 and 40 kcal x person(-1) x d(-1) in 2004, respectively). Moreover, among the top 20% of individuals, 896 kcal x person(-1) x d(-1) of added sugar was consumed compared with 505 kcal x person(-1) x d(-1) of HFCS. Among consumers, sweetened tea and desserts also represented major contributors of calories from added sugar (>100 kcal x person(-1) x d(-1)). Conclusion Although increased intake of calories from HFCS is important to examine, the health effect of overall trends in added caloric sweeteners should not be overlooked.
Comparison of High-Throughput Biophysical Methods to Identify Stabilizing Excipients for a Model IgG2 Monoclonal Antibody: Conformational Stability and Kinetic Aggregation Measurements

The overall conformational stability of a model IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was examined as a function of temperature and pH using an empirical phase diagram approach. Stabilizing excipients were then identified based on high-throughput methods including (1) kinetic studies measuring aggregation via increases in optical density and (2) thermally induced structural transitions as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetic profiles of antibody aggregation at 65 °C were pH dependent and correlated well with pH effects on secondary and tertiary structural transitions due to heat stress. For the screening of stabilizing excipients, the inhibition of the rate of protein aggregation at pH 4.5 at 65°C, as represented by changes in optical density, was shown to have a clear trend with a modest correlation coefficient compared with the stabilizing effect of the same excipients on the conformational stability of the antibody as measured by DSC and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. These results demonstrate the utility of combining high-throughput data from protein aggregation kinetic experiments and conformational stability studies to identify stabilizing excipients that minimize the physical degradation of an IgG2 mAb. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:1701–1720, 2012
Hippocampal Neurotoxicity of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

thermore, treatment of neurons with THC stimulated a significant increase in the release of arachidonic acid. We hypothesize that THC neurotoxicity is attributable to activation of the prostanoid synthesis pathway and generation of free radicals by cyclooxygenase. These data suggest that some of the memory deficits caused by cannabinoids may be caused by THC neurotoxicity.
Crystal structures of the coordination polymers formed between 1,2-bis(3′-pyridyl)ethyne and silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate

The reaction of 1,2-bis(3′-pyridyl)ethyne with silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate yields two coordination networks. A one-dimensional double-stranded coordination polymer was formed in acetonitrile. The silver has a square-planar coordination geometry with weak coordination to one acetonitrile molecule and the triflate counter ion. The second network, formed in dichloromethane, is a complex three-dimensional network of interconnected one-dimensional zig-zag ribbons.
Frataxin deficiency induces Schwann cell inflammation and death

Mutations in the frataxin gene cause dorsal root ganglion demyelination and neurodegeneration, which leads to Friedreich's ataxia. However the consequences of frataxin depletion have not been measured in dorsal root ganglia or Schwann cells. We knocked down frataxin in several neural cell lines, including two dorsal root ganglia neural lines, 2 neuronal lines, a human oligodendroglial line (HOG) and multiple Schwann cell lines and measured cell death and proliferation. Only Schwann cells demonstrated a significant decrease in viability. In addition to the death of Schwann cells, frataxin decreased proliferation in Schwann, oligodendroglia, and slightly in one neural cell line. Thus the most severe effects of frataxin deficiency were on Schwann cells, which enwrap dorsal root ganglia neurons. Microarray of frataxin-deficient Schwann cells demonstrated strong activations of inflammatory and cell death genes including interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor which were confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Frataxin knockdown in Schwann cells also specifically induced inflammatory arachidonate metabolites. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic drugs significantly rescued frataxin-dependent Schwann cell toxicity. Thus, frataxin deficiency triggers inflammatory changes and death of Schwann cells that is inhibitable by inflammatory and anti-apoptotic drugs.
The Impossible Fossil - Revisited

The "Fish-within-a-fish" fossil exhibit at the Stemnberg Museum of Natural History in Hays is one of the most recognizable and most photographed fossils in the world. The story surrounding the discovery, collection and preparation of the specimen in 1952 is not as well known but certainly deserves recognition as an example of the fossil collecting skill and inventiveness of George F. Stemnberg (1883 1969). Myrl V. Walker (1903-1985) began collecting fossils as a student with Stemnberg in the 1920s and later succeeded him as the director of the Stemnberg Memorial Museum in 1955. After he retired, Walker (1982) wrote the paper reprinted herein about Steinberg's "impossible fossil." The article appeared in volume 26 of the University Forum, an in house journal published by Fort Hays State University. Although the story was later summarized by Rogers (1991), Liggett (2001) and Everhart (2005), the full text of Walker's (1982) paper is generally unknown outside of the university. Walker described Steinberg's work on the specimen in great detail (Fig. 1), and provided additional insight into Steinberg as a person beyond what is known about him as a famous fossil collector.
Unplanned return to operating room after lower extremity arterial bypass is an independent predictor for hospital readmission

Objective Hospital readmissions after surgical operations are considered serious complications and have an impact on health care-associated costs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services strongly encourage identification and ramification of factors associated with hospital readmissions after operations. Despite advances in endovascular surgery, lower extremity arterial bypass remains the "gold standard" treatment for severe, symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the factors associated with hospital readmission after lower extremity bypass surgery. Methods The 2013 lower extremity revascularization-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database and generalized 2013 general and vascular surgery NSQIP Participant Use Data File were used for this study. Patient, diagnosis, and procedure characteristics of patients undergoing lower extremity bypass surgery were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after surgery. Results A total of 2646 patients (65% male, 35% female) were identified in the NSQIP database who underwent lower extremity open revascularization during the year 2013. Indications for operations included tissue loss (39%), rest pain (32%), and severe claudication (25%). Preoperative ankle-brachial indices were 0.4 to 0.9 (32%) and P P P = .006), wound dehiscence (OR, 8.45; 95% CI, 4.54-15.71; P P P = .009), progressive renal insufficiency (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.52-11.11; P = .005), superficial surgical site infection (OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 5.31-10.23; P P = .002), and deep wound infection (OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 7.62-24.80; P Conclusions Readmission after lower extremity bypass surgery is a serious complication. Various factors put a patient at high risk for readmission. Return to the operating room, wound infection, amputation, deep venous thrombosis, and major reintervention on bypass are independent risk factors for hospital readmission. Return to the operating room is associated with a 5.95-fold increase in hospital readmission.
Orthodontie per post

Je maakt thuis een paar foto’s van je gebit, beantwoordt enkele vragen, maakt vervolgens een afdruk, en je krijgt een stel beugels thuisbezorgd – zonder een tandarts of orthodontist te hebben gezien of gesproken.
Modeling Interestingness with Deep Neural Networks

An "Interestingness Modeler" uses deep neural networks to learn deep semantic models (DSM) of "interestingness." The DSM, consisting of two branches of deep neural networks or their convolutional versions, identifies and predicts target documents that would interest users reading source documents. The learned model observes, identifies, and detects naturally occurring signals of interestingness in click transitions between source and target documents derived from web browser logs. Interestingness is modeled with deep neural networks that map source-target document pairs to feature vectors in a latent space, trained on document transitions in view of a "context" and optional "focus" of source and target documents. Network parameters are learned to minimize distances between source documents and their corresponding "interesting" targets in that space. The resulting interestingness model has applicable uses, including, but not limited to, contextual entity searches, automatic text highlighting, prefetching documents of likely interest, automated content recommendation, automated advertisement placement, etc.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Pregnancies of Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective Both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) and pregnancy individually have significant racial disparities, with black women experiencing higher rates of complications, yet no large studies have focused on the impact of race/ethnicity on pregnancy outcomes among women with lupus. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 2008-2010, pregnancy delivery discharges were identified and pregnancy outcomes were compared for women with lupus by maternal race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios were used to compare pregnancy outcomes between black and white or Hispanic and white women with lupus. Results In this period, the NIS included 13,553 deliveries with lupus and 12,510,565 deliveries without lupus. Compared to white women with lupus, black and Hispanic women had higher rates of chronic hypertension, chronic renal failure, pneumonia, and acute renal failure. There was a high degree of pregnancy complication in all women with lupus, but especially in black and Hispanic women, with more than 40% cesarean-section delivery; preterm labor in 14.3% of white, 24.7% of black (odds ratio [OR] 1.97), and 20.6% of Hispanic (OR 1.56) deliveries; and preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in almost 20% of black and Hispanic pregnancies. After adjustment for predictors of pregnancy outcomes and racial differences in nonlupus pregnancy, black and Hispanic women with lupus had higher than expected rates of preeclampsia, preterm labor, and fetal growth restriction. Conclusion Black and Hispanic women with lupus have disproportionately poor pregnancy outcomes. This study suggests that identifying the key causes of these differences and targeting interventions to the women of greatest need is an essential next step.
Drug use and involvement in a safety-critical event: pilot study using naturalistic truck data

This study used the Naturalistic Truck Driving Study data set to test the feasibility of applying naturalistic data to evaluation of the relationship between prescription (Rx) and over-the-counter (OTC) drug use and involvement in a safety-critical event (SCE). The risk of drug use was calculated by comparing SCEs and baseline epochs that occurred within a drug’s half-life with SCEs and baseline epochs that did not occur within a drug’s half-life (for the same half-life period). This research found that nearly 97% of commercial motor vehicle drivers used an OTC drug at least once (mostly caffeine), and 25% used at least one Rx drug. Furthermore, Rx and noncaffeine OTC drug use was not associated with an increased or decreased risk of involvement in an SCE. As caffeine was the only drug classification used multiple times by many drivers, this odds ratio analysis was the only analysis performed. Caffeine use while driving was found to be associated with a decreased risk of SCE involvement in all seven half-...
Gaggle on the Gavel: Designing an Interactive Website to Create a Community of Lawyers

Law is behind other industries and professions in its implementation of technology that could make the practice of law and the delivery of legal services more effective and satisfying. Although there has been considerable development in legal technology over the past few years, research identified the need for an interactive LinkedIn-style online community for lawyers to communicate other lawyers. Such a community would be particularly beneficial for solo practitioners, lawyers in small firms and lawyers in rural communities and would also provide a convenient way to connect with lawyers for referrals and recommendations, for specialized expertise and to develop contacts in different geographic locations. Tentatively titled Gaggle on the Gavel is an attempt to create such a community that would gather a number of attractive features and functionality under one umbrella and be compliant with the rules of professional conduct with respect to client confidentiality, security, advertising and solicitation. A system has been designed, prototyped and revised based on feedback from a focus group of lawyers.
Case Report: SIADH During Disseminated Herpes Varicella–Zoster Infections: Relationship to Vidarabine Therapy

Three patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) during the course of disseminated Herpes Varicella-Zoster (HVZ) virus infections are reported. In one patient and two previously reported patients, SIADH occurred at or shortly after admission, prior to antiviral drug therapy. In two patients and one previously reported patient, SIADH began or hyponatremia worsened after vidarabine therapy was begun. Therefore, SIADH may occur during the course of untreated, disseminated HVZ infection. However, the relatively high fluid volume required to dilute vidarabine may play a role in the development of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of SIADH, in patients receiving the drug. Physicians should avoid excess fluid intake and monitor serum sodium carefully when caring for patients with disseminated HVZ infections. Doses of vidarabine greater than 10 mg/kg/day may increase the likelihood of SIADH. Acyclovir therapy was not associated with worsening of hypotonic hyponatremia in our patients.
Autophagy in Ischemic Livers: A Critical Role of Sirtuin 1/Mitofusin 2 Axis in Autophagy Induction

No-flow ischemia occurs during cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic shock, liver resection and transplantation. Recovery of blood flow and normal physiological pH, however, irreversibly injures the liver and other tissues. Although the liver has the powerful machinery for mitochondrial quality control, a process called mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death occur after reperfusion. Growing evidence indicates that reperfusion impairs mitophagy, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, defective oxidative phosphorylation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, energy loss and ultimately cell death. The importance of acetylation/deacetylation cycle in the mitochondria and mitophagy has recently gained attention. Emerging data suggest that sirtuins, enzymes deacetylating a variety of target proteins in cellular metabolism, survival and longevity, may also act as an autophagy modulator. This review highlights recent advances of our understanding of a mechanistic correlation between sirtuin 1, mitophagy and ischemic liver injury.
Covenant and the Federal Constitution

This article will explore the thesis that the religious concept of covenant may serve as a model for a superior secular constitution, and may, moreover, open the door to prophetic constitutional democracy in secular politics. In support of this tentative thesis (which I explore to see what light it may throw on our understanding of both covenant and constitution) I will do three things. First, I will examine some striking similarities between the Sinai Covenant and the U.S. Constitution. In
Bacteremia due to Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. Report of a case.

An unusual case report of a patient with bacteremia due to Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens is presented. Heretofore, Succinivibrio spp. were thought to occur only as organisms in the rumens of herbivorous animals. Succinivibrio is an anaerobic, Gram-negative, curved, spiral bacillus with a polar monotrichous flagellar pattern. Volatile acids produced from glucose metabolism include succinic, acetic, formic and lactic. Various carbohydrate substrates are fermented to produce strong or weak acid end-points. Succinivibrio spp. will grow in bile, will not hydrolyze esculin or starch, and do not produce indol, catalase, lecithinase, lipase, or hemolysis. Bacteremia in this case was thought to have been the result of hypotension in the course of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This is though to represent the first published case of human infection due to Succinivibrio spp.
Trichogramma Spp.: Concurrent Ground Application of Parasitized Eggs, Supplemental Heliothis zea Host Eggs, and Host-Seeking Stimuli

A high-clearance conveyance was modified to concurrently distribute Trichogramma -parasitized eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie), and to apply supplemental H. zea host eggs and host-seeking stimuli (kairomones) for T. pretiosum Riley. The 3 components are parts of what we consider to be an essential package for full-season management of lepidopteran pests with Trichogramma spp.
TO TAP OR NOT TO TAP: LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL RUPTURE WITH CARDIAC TAMPONADE TREATED WITH EMERGENT PERICARDIOCENTESIS AND EMERGENT REPAIR

Left ventricular (LV) free wall rupture is a serious and deadly phenomenon, usually seen as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI). Rapid recognition of LV free wall rupture and treatment is crucial to survival. Although performing pericardiocentesis in such patients is risky, it can be
Transgenic N- myc mouse model for indolent B cell lymphoma: tumor characterization and analysis of genetic alterations in spontaneous and retrovirally accelerated tumors

Little is known about stepwise deregulation of specific genes leading to lymphoid malignancy. Aberrant myc gene expression in transgenic mice is correlated with B cell lymphomagenesis. We generated a unique transgenic mouse model in which deregulated murine E mu-N-myc transgene expression leads to development of indolent B cell lymphoma. Tumor cells were monoclonal, morphologically mature and surface immunoglobulin expressing B cells. Tumors arose in a disease course and exhibited a cytoarchitectural appearance reminiscent of human follicular lymphoma. Yet tumor cells were staged as preB since they failed to rearrange the immunoglobulin light chain genes. Retroviral insertion mutagenesis analyses of adult transgenic mice infected as newborns with murine leukemia virus revealed decreased disease latency, increased lymphoma incidence and a histologically more mature tumor type. Proviral insertion sites were not equivalent when accelerated E mu-N-myc indolent lymphomas were compared to accelerated c-myc preB cell lymphomas. The bcl-2 gene was not disrupted in either spontaneous or provirally accelerated E mu-N-myc lymphomas. These findings suggest that tumor progression in N-myc-associated indolent B cell lymphoma can proceed along diverse pathways involving distinctly different combinations of deregulated and/or intact genes than those pathways described in highly aggressive forms of myc-related murine preB cell disease.
Effect of factors other than choline on liver fat deposition.

SummaryA number of factors under our experimental conditions influence fat deposition in the liver: the availability of niacin to the animal; the type of carbohydrate used in the ration and type and level of protein used. Individual amino acids and mixtures of amino acids which support optimal growth conditions do not produce minimum levels of fat in the liver.
Fingerprinting electronic control units for vehicle intrusion detection

As more software modules and external interfaces are getting added on vehicles, new attacks and vulnerabilities are emerging. Researchers have demonstrated how to compromise in-vehicle Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and control the vehicle maneuver. To counter these vulnerabilities, various types of defense mechanisms have been proposed, but they have not been able to meet the need of strong protection for safety-critical ECUs against in-vehicle network attacks. To mitigate this deficiency, we propose an anomaly-based intrusion detection system (IDS), called Clock-based IDS (CIDS). It measures and then exploits the intervals of periodic in-vehicle messages for fingerprinting ECUs. The thus-derived fingerprints are then used for constructing a baseline of ECUs' clock behaviors with the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm. Based on this baseline, CIDS uses Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) to detect any abnormal shifts in the identification errors - a clear sign of intrusion. This allows quick identification of in-vehicle network intrusions with a low false-positive rate of 0.055%. Unlike state-of-the-art IDSs, if an attack is detected, CIDS's fingerprinting of ECUs also facilitates a rootcause analysis; identifying which ECU mounted the attack. Our experiments on a CAN bus prototype and on real vehicles have shown CIDS to be able to detect a wide range of in-vehicle network attacks.
Abundant Gifts of Stone and Bone

An abundance of points, flakes, bones, shells, and bodies is considered sufficient to raise the hypothesis that these offerings and their places constitute a type of fertility shrine. This paper documents several possible lithic and bone-offering places in eastern North America, among them Allumettes Island, Quebec; Tick Creek Cave, Missouri; James Creek, West Virginia; and Pen Point, South Carolina. Perhaps the most significant Late Archaic shrine marked by an abundance of points, deer bones, and human burials is Indian Knoll, Kentucky. The proposed fertility or increase rite practiced was that for a hunt god.
Mine production scheduling for optimization of plant recovery in surface phosphate operations

ABSTRACT Elemental phosphorus plant recovery and nodule quality are sensitive to the characteristics of the ore feed; variations in moisture, SiO2 P2O5 carbon and other ore quality characteristics strongly affect phosphorus LOI (loss on ignition) during kilning. For a given ore type and plant design, there exists an optimal set of plant feed characteristics which will maximize recovery (minimize LOI). Moreover, given an optimal feed profile, there exists a production schedule and corresponding mine plan which will minimize mine production costs. A mine production scheduling and inventory model has been developed for surface phosphate mining with the objective of providing the minimal variance in optimal plant feed characteristics.
Identification and Effects of Novel Promoter Region Haplotypes in the Human Cytidine Deaminase Gene.

Front-line induction chemotherapy regimens containing cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and anthracyclines result in 80% complete remission rate in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but their cure rate is about 35 – 50%, one of the lowest of all childhood cancers. Understanding the factors that contribute to emergence of chemoresistant leukemic cells are crucial to improving treatment outcomes. We are interested in studying the role of genetic variation in Ara-C transport and biotransformation pathway genes in the efficacy and toxicity of treatment of childhood AML. Human cytidine deaminase ( CDA ; EC 3.5.4.5; gene localized to 1p35– 36.2) is a salvage pathway enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of Ara-C and Ara-CMP to inactive uracil nucleosides. Several studies have suggested an important role for increased levels of CDA in the development of resistance to Ara-C. Yue and colleagues identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CDA gene, one of which (G208A) leads to an alanine to threonine change at codon 70 (A70T) (Yue et al, Pharmacogenetics2003; 13(1):29–38). They showed that the 70T allele had 40% activity with cytidine as substrate and only 32% activity toward Ara-C as the 70A allele. These results suggest that variation in the CDA gene might contribute to Ara-C sensitivity. This variant, while common in Japanese, was not observed by us in a panel of primarily Caucasians of mixed-European ancestry. We sequenced 1.6 Kb of the 5′-upstream region of CDA in 24 laboratory control samples and identified six SNPs (A-92G, C-205G , C-451T, C-897A, A-1138G, G-1172A). TRANSFAC matrix (www.genomatix.de) predicted that three of these, (A-92G, C-451T, and C-897A) would alter consensus transcription factor binding site sequences. We cloned the five naturally occurring haplotypes (ACC, GTC, ATC, ACA and GCC) using the TOPO-TA cloning kit, subcloned into luciferase expression vectors and then transfected Cos-1 cells using the Lipofectamine 2000 protocol. Gene expression was assayed using the Promega Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System and read on a Molecular Devices HT Analyzer. Luciferase activity was measured 24 and 48 hours after transfection for six replicates of every condition during two separate transfections. To correct for differences in transfection efficiencies, experimental ( Photinus pyralis ) luciferase activities were normalized by co-transfection with control ( Renilla reniformis ) luciferase plasmid. We observed that haplotype combinations ACC, GTC, ACA and GCC drive luciferase expression at approximately 3x that of ATC haplotype (p CDA expression and are more sensitive to Ara-C exposure. Experiments are underway to quantify CDA transcription in people of known CDA haplotypes. We also plan to genotype a large cohort of children with de novo AML for these three SNPs and correlate clinical outcomes in individuals carrying the low- versus the high-expressing haplotypes.
Elements of biological oscillations in time and space

Oscillations in time and space are ubiquitous in nature and play critical roles in dynamic cellular processes. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of the dynamics are diverse, several distinct regulatory elements have been recognized as being critical in producing and modulating oscillatory dynamics. These include negative and positive feedback, time delay, nonlinearity in regulation, and random fluctuations ('noise'). Here we discuss the specific roles of these five elements in promoting or attenuating oscillatory dynamics, by drawing on insights from quantitative analyses of natural or synthetic biological networks.