cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time holography

Abstract A moving groundglass can act as a hologram which is “recorded” in less than a millisecond. This hologram is immediately available for reconstruction, and it decays immediately when the object wave and/or the reference wave vanishes. Such a hologram is well suited for coherent matched filtering and for holographic seeing through fog. A fluorescent layer can also act as real-time hologram, but now with different wavelengths for recording and reconstruction.
Macroscopic anisotropy in superconductors with anisotropic gaps

It is shown within the weak-coupling model that the macroscopic superconducting anisotropy for materials with a gap varying on the Fermi surface cannot be characterized by a single number, unlike the case of clean materials with isotropic gaps. For clean uniaxial materials, the anisotropy parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}(T)$ defined as the ratio of London penetration depths, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{ab}},$ is evaluated for all T's. Within the two-gap model of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2},$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}(T)$ is an increasing function of T.
Fixation-resistant photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for CLEM

Fluorescent proteins facilitate a variety of imaging paradigms in live and fixed samples. However, they lose their fluorescence after heavy fixation, hindering applications such as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Here we report engineered variants of the photoconvertible Eos fluorescent protein that fluoresce and photoconvert normally in heavily fixed (0.5-1% OsO4), plastic resin-embedded samples, enabling correlative super-resolution fluorescence imaging and high-quality electron microscopy.
First Fossil Lamprey: A Record from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois

A fossil record of lampreys has previously been unknown. A new genus demonstrates the presence of this group in the Pennsylvanian. The body outline, parts of the head skeleton, rasping tongue mechanism, gill basket, and other internal organs are preserved. The fossils are very similar in structure to modern forms. The absence of hagfish characters in the fossil supports the view that the common ancestor of lampreys and hagfishes lived prior to the Pennsylvanian.
Dual-beam subpicosecond broadband infrared spectrometer.

A method for obtaining broadband multichannel IR spectra with subpicosecond time resolution is described. Spectrally broad IR pulses, produced by difference-frequency mixing of two visible pulses in LiIO3, are split to make signal and reference pulses. After sample absorption, the IR pulses are upconverted by a second LiIO3 crystal to produce visible pulses that are dispersed on a CCD detector to yield transient spectra with 100-cm−1 bandwidth and 4-cm−1 resolution. With this dual-beam technique, spectra with sensitivities of 0.001 ΔOD are obtained.
Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbreuckii in a hollow fiber fermenter

Lactic acid was produced by viable Lactobacillus delbreuckii NRRL-B445 in a hollow fiber fermenter. Final cell densities in the fluid surrounding the fibers in the fermenter were apparently as high as 480 gms DW/L, and volumetric productivities reached 100 gms/L-hr lactic acid. The observed cell yields were appreciably lower than batch cell yields.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSURANCE COVERAGE AND DISEASE SEVERITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE. † 655

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSURANCE COVERAGE AND DISEASE SEVERITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE. † 655
Within-day variability of particulate organic carbon and remote-sensing reflectance during a bloom of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

We examined the within-day variability in seawater optical properties and biogeochemical constituents for a high-latitude location in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during development of the annual spring phytoplankton bloom. Measurements of particulate organic carbon concentration POC, chlorophyll-a concentration Chl, and particle size distribution were conducted at 4–6 hour intervals in parallel with determinations of the spectral absorption and attenuation coefficients of particles, and the spectral remote-sensing reflectance of the surface ocean Rrs. Surface POC and Chl exhibited more than a twofold variation throughout the day in the continuous presence of natural light. A minimum occurred near local noon coinciding with peak solar irradiance, a maximum in the evening, and a subsequent decrease throughout the night-time hours. These patterns were accompanied by large changes in the magnitude and spectral shape of Rrs, including the blue-to-green spectral band ratios used in ocean colour algorithms for estimating POC and Chl. The variability in Rrs could not be explained by changes in solar zenith angle, but was consistent with observations of within-day variations in spectral absorption and scattering by particles which were influenced by changes in the particle concentration and size distribution. The accuracy of an empirical ocean colour algorithm for estimating POC from Rrs was unaffected by within-day variability, implying that short-term variations in surface POC can be potentially monitored by multiple within-day measurements of Rrs, through means of in situ and remote sensing observations if available. Our findings also suggest that within-day changes in POC can be significant compared with the variability observed on meso-scale spatial scales, potentially confounding the interpretation of remote-sensing data obtained from temporal and spatial compositing of images measured at different times within a single day.
Comparing Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) and Voice Call Continuity (VCC) Architectures

As the concept of Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) is gaining popularity among operators and consumers, there is an increasing debate about the performance of the mobile-network-centric UMA architecture versus the IP-centric VCC architecture. While UMA-based FMC solutions are already launched for commercial use, VCC-based solutions are still in their trial stages. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the two architectures based on the call handover (HO) delay and throughput, in order to answer the following question: is preferring UMA over VCC a business decision or a technical performance decision? We found that the two architectures do not significantly differ from one another in throughput when subject to different traffic and delay profiles. Moreover, the literature shows that, similar to UMA, VCC is capable of handling data-session continuity between different network domains. Thus, the choice between UMA and VCC is governed by non-technical factors such as network upgrade cost for different operator profiles. The mobile-network centric UMA is better suited for mobile operators whereas the IP-centric VCC is suited for Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) that do not own a licensed spectrum or a mobile core network.
Patterns of floodplain sediment deposition along the regulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina: Annual, decadal, centennial scales

Abstract The lower Roanoke River on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina is not embayed and maintains a floodplain that is among the largest on the mid-Atlantic Coast. This floodplain has been impacted by substantial aggradation in response to upstream colonial and post-colonial agriculture between the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. Additionally, since the mid-twentieth century stream flow has been regulated by a series of high dams. We used artificial markers (clay pads), tree-ring (dendrogeomorphic) techniques, and pollen analyses to document sedimentation rates/amounts over short-, intermediate-, and long-term temporal scales, respectively. These analyses occurred along 58 transects at 378 stations throughout the lower river floodplain from near the Fall Line to the Albemarle Sound. Present sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.4 mm/y and 0.3 to 5.9 mm/y from clay pad and dendrogeomorphic analyses, respectively. Deposition rates systematically increased from upstream (high banks and floodplain) to downstream (low banks) reaches, except the lowest reaches. Conversely, legacy sediment deposition (A.D. 1725 to 1850) ranged from 5 to about 40 mm/y, downstream to upstream, respectively, and is apparently responsible for high banks upstream and large/wide levees along some of the middle stream reaches. Dam operations have selectively reduced levee deposition while facilitating continued backswamp deposition. A GIS-based model predicts 453,000 Mg of sediment is trapped annually on the floodplain and that little watershed-derived sediment reaches the Albemarle Sound. Nearly all sediment in transport and deposited is derived from the channel bed and banks. Legacy deposits (sources) and regulated discharges affect most aspects of present fluvial sedimentation dynamics. The lower river reflects complex relaxation conditions following both major human alterations, yet continues to provide the ecosystem service of sediment trapping.
Time offsets for non-orthogonal CDMA signals

Summary A simple interference reduction method for non-orthogonal downlink CDMA channels is presented in which non-orthogonal CDMA signals are transmitted with different time offsets. An expression of multiple access interference (MAI) is developed and a reduction of MAI power is evaluated by using a numerical method and a computer simulation. The value of the time offset is determined in order to minimize the MAI and the implementation complexity. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated for various channel models.
Interference competition among burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus).

. 1. This study investigated the impact of intraspecific and interspecific competition on the reproductive success of a biparental burying beetle, Nicrophorus defodiens Mannerheim. 2. Marked pairs or single females were placed on small and large mouse carcasses in the field in 1985 and 1986. Carcasses were exhumed after 9–10 days to determine the identity of the resident adult(s) and the production of young. 3. Competition was assessed by the prevalence of takeovers by intruders (unmarked adults). For N.defodiens, after the initial colonization of the carcass, interspecific competition from larger N.orbicollis Say and N.sayi Laporte was substantial and more intense than intraspecific competition. Competition was also greater in the middle of the breeding season and on large as opposed to small carcasses. 4. Successful takeovers resulted in the expulsion of the prior resident(s), killing of any offspring present on the carcass, and oviposition of a new clutch by the intruder. 5. Females aided by males were more likely than single females to avoid takeovers but did not produce larger broods or larvae of larger mass. 6. An additional laboratory experiment in 1985 and a field experiment in 1986 suggest that N.defodiens is able to reproduce on very small carcasses despite intense heterospecific activity.
Fragmentation of Relativistic Gold Nuclei with Energies between 0.92 and 4.0 A GeV in Hydrogen

Modeling the propagation of ultraheavy (UH) cosmic-ray nuclei through the interstellar medium requires a knowledge of the fragmentation cross sections. The cross sections for the production of fragments from the interactions of relativistic gold nuclei in hydrogen have been measured from 0.56 to 10.6 A GeV, using the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Bevalac and the Brookhaven alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS). The total charge-changing cross sections are found to be essentially independent of energy. The partial elemental cross sections vary significantly with energy but show a transition to energy independence at the highest energies. These cross sections can be scaled to apply to neighboring elements, corrected for the effects of radio active decay, and applied to propagation models to deduce source abundances of the heaviest UH elements from those observed near Earth. There are serious uncertainties involved in deducing the cross sections applicable in space from those measured on Earth. Hence calculations of propagation must be regarded with caution.
Herpes simplex encephalitis in hodgkin's disease. Isolation of drug-sensitive virus from brain following unsuccessful treatment with idoxuridine

Herpes simplex encephalitis developed in a patient with Hodgkin's disease under therapy. Despite treatment with idoxuridine in a total dose of 280 mg/kg intravenously, he died without showing any clinical response. At autopsy, there was no gross or microscopic evidence of Hodgkin's disease, and virus isolated from the brain postmortem was inhibited in vitro by idoxuridine 0.5 mug/ml. Failure of idoxuridine to affect the course of infection by a drug-sensitive virus may be due to poor tissue penetration, although the role of the Hodgkin's disease cannot be discounted.
Antiandrogen microimplants into the rostral medial preoptic area decrease gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neuronal activity and increase luteinizing hormone secretion in the intact male rat

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons terminating in the rostral hypothalamus are stimulated by testosterone. To investigate whether this action is mediated locally through androgen receptors in the rostral hypothalamus, bilateral microcannulas (28 gauge) containing the androgen receptor antagonist, hydroxyflutamide (HF), were stereotaxically implanted into the rostral medial preoptic area (rMPA) just dorsal to the major population of GnRH cell bodies. Two days later, blood samples were collected for assay of LH, and animals were killed for determination of GABAergic neuronal activity in tissue dissected from the site of the implanted cannulas. Animals were decapitated either without treatment or 60 min after inhibition of GABA degradation by aminooxyacetic acid (100 mg/kg, ip). The rate of GABA accumulation in the tissue after aminooxyacetic acid treatment was used as a measure of GABA turnover. Levels of messenger RNA for both forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67), the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis also were measured by a microlysate ribonuclease protection assay. LH levels were significantly increased (1.8-fold) in HF-treated animals compared with controls. In the MPA, beneath the implant cannulas, GABA turnover was significantly reduced in HF-treated rats. There was no effect of treatment in the frontal cortex, which was used as a control region. Surprisingly, levels of messenger RNA for both GAD65 and GAD67 were significantly increased in HF-treated rats. The results indicate that GABAergic neurons terminating in the rostral hypothalamus are tonically stimulated by testosterone acting by means of androgen receptors localized in this region. These findings support the working hypothesis that androgen-sensitive GABAergic neurons in the rMPA mediate the negative feedback action of testosterone on GnRH secretion in the male rat.
The Biography of An Ziwen and the History of the CCP Organization Department

Personal biographies of Communist Party leaders are a rich new source on the history of the CCP. During the Cultural Revolution, party historiography focused almost exclusively on the leading role of Mao Zedong, but since 1978 China's new leadership has authorized the publication of literally hundreds of biographies and reminiscences to demonstrate the "collective" contributions of party leaders, many relatively unknown in the West, to the Chinese Communist movement. For Western scholars these works contain two important sources of information. First, there is considerable detail on the lives and political experiences of the men and women who fought in the revolution and built the new Chinese state. Although undoubtedly hagiographic, these books provide considerable detail on the human drama behind the Communists' rise to power. With a close but critical reading, Western scholars can gain a deep appreciation of the personal experiences and individual sacrifices that marked CCP history. Second, and more im...
Melatonin Determination in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography Using Flurometric Detection

Abstract A new, simple, very sensitive, highly reproducible, isocratic, and reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determining urine melatonin concentrations using a fluorometric detector. 6-methoxymelatonin is used as an internal standard. A C18 column (150 × 0.46 cm) and a “Waters” fluorometric detector (Model 474 with a 16 uL flow cell are the main components of the liquid chromatographic system. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 285 and 335 nm respectively. Melatonin is extracted from urine at pH 7 using chloroform. The method is sensitive to 0.5 pg. The mean (n=6) inter-assay precision (CV) is 4.3% and intra-assay precision is 5.8%. The mean absolute recovery of the method is about 90%. In summary, when there is a choice between fluorometric and electrochemical detection for a compound, the former is far superior and several orders of magnitude more sensitive than the latter and easier to use. Our fluorometric HPLC assay for melatonin improves upon the earlier on...
The Design of Virtual Space: Lessons from Videogame Travel

Videogames are the starting point for the general understanding of virtual space. Grove & Williams, 1998. Academics use videogames to describe virtual space Murray, 1997; Nitsche, 2009. Others argue that there is no understanding of virtual space, only a loose collection of articles connected by the issue of realism in rendering or behavior Manovich, 2001. These statements point to a lack of understanding of virtual space on its own terms and set the stage for this document. This is a design document, written by a designer of virtual spaces. Its purpose is to provocatively explore user experience and task completion as forces that influence the design of virtual space. This is not a conventional research paper. The complex relationships of narrative, realism, motivation, usability, and human computer interaction HCI are unpacked in the videogame World of Warcraft through a detailed examination of travel. It is proposed that the exploration of travel in a videogame can provide a toolkit of ideas for the application of narrative, realism, motivation, and usability in virtual space. Travel can inform designers on issues of user experience and task completion in virtual spaces
Medical Student–Reported Outcomes of a Radiation Oncologist–Led Preclinical Course in Oncology: A Five-Year Analysis

Purpose There is a recognized need for more robust training in oncology for medical students. At our institution, we have offered a core dedicated oncology block, led by a radiation oncologist course director, during the second year of the medical school curriculum since the 2008-2009 academic year. Herein, we report the outcomes of the oncology block over the past 5 years through an analysis of student perceptions of the course, both immediately after completion of the block and in the third year. Methods and Materials We analyzed 2 separate surveys. The first assessed student impressions of how well the course met each of the course's learning objectives through a survey that was administered to students immediately after the oncology block in 2012. The second was administered after students completed the oncology block during the required radiology clerkship in the third year. All questions used a 5-level Likert scale and were analyzed by use of a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Of the 169 students who took the oncology course in 2012, 127 (75.1%) completed the course feedback survey. Over 73% of students agreed or strongly agreed that the course met its 3 learning objectives. Of the 699 medical students who took the required radiology clerkship between 2010 and 2013, 538 participated in the second survey, for a total response rate of 77%. Of these students, 368 (68.4%) agreed or strongly agreed that the course was effective in contributing to their overall medical education. Conclusion Student perceptions of the oncology block are favorable and have improved across multiple categories since the inception of the course. Students self-reported that a dedicated preclinical oncology block was effective in helping identify the basics of cancer therapy and laying the foundation for clinical electives in oncology, including radiation oncology.
Pathogenesis of tissue injury in MS lesions

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The primary pathological target in multiple sclerosis is myelin. Most MS patients follow a relapsing–remitting (RR-MS) course for 10 to 15 years that transforms into a chronic or secondary progressive disease (SP-MS). This review summarizes studies from our laboratory that implicate activated microglia and astrocytes in early stages of myelin destruction in MS brain. In addition, we review evidence that indicates that axonal transection is a major pathological process in multiple sclerosis. Our data support the hypothesis that neurological disability in RR-MS is due to inflammatory demyelination while axonal loss plays a significant role in the irreversible neurological decline in SP-MS. Further elucidation of the pathological targets and pathological mechanisms of tissue destruction in MS brain will help identify new therapeutics.
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor and the kidney

Recent knowledge demonstrated that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) functions as a local renal paracrine system. All components of the RAS are present within the kidney and include angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin-converting enzymes, angiotensin II, the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor and the angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor. Angiotensin II is the major effector hormone of the RAS and contributes to a variety of renal and cardiovascular physiologic and pathologic mechanisms through stimulation of AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. Angiotensin receptor blockers were developed based on the advanced knowledge of the AT(1) receptor contribution to development of a variety of kidney, vascular and cardiac diseases including but not limited to hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. In contrast, knowledge concerning the role of the AT(2) receptor in health and disease is still emerging. The AT(2) receptor is believed to counterbalance the effects of the AT(1) receptor through influencing cellular differentiation, vasodilation, inhibition of cellular proliferation and hypertrophy, nitric oxide production and natriuresis. Thus, the pursuit of a specific AT(2) receptor agonist is a potentially fruitful area for combating renal and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the role of the AT(2) receptor in the kidney.
A geostrophic comparison during MODE

Abstract Density data from the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) are used to compute geostrophic shear at the location of a current meter mooring near 28°N, 70°W. Comparisons are made in the thermocline (400 to 800 m) and across a deeper layer (400 to 3000 m). From the current meters at these levels, velocity shears are compared to the geostrophic shear over a 70-day period. The salinity-temperature-depth (STD) data were obtained on the average every 12 days at a grid of 11 stations around the mooring, the spacing being about 35 km. The dynamic heights are interpolated and smoothed to obtain a time series. For the 400- to 3000- m interval, the r.m.s. difference between the current meters and the density calculations is 2.0 cm s−1 for 10-day averaging, and 1.2 cm s−1 for 20-day averaging. Using only data from the times when the speeds were most reliably measured at the current meters—greater than 4 cm s−1—the r.m.s. difference between the current meters and the density calculations, averaging over 5 and 50 days, is 1.5 cm s−1 and 0.1 cm s−1 from 400 to 3000 m. The essential conclusion is that the currents are in geostrophic balance to a degree substantially beyond our ability to test it in this experiment. An extensive error analysis is made; we find that aliasing—especially in time— is larger than instrumental limitations, such as STD errors, and that motions having periods ≈ 10 days are a greater source of ‘noise’ than is commonly believed.
The Changes in North American atmospheric circulation patterns indicated by wood cellulose

General circulation model simulations suggest that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northern circumpolar vortex intensifi ed and enlarged, a glacial anticyclone developed over the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and the position of the jet stream was shifted southward. However, observations directly related to shifts in wind patterns across the North American continent have not yet been reported. We examined tree-ring cellulose from the Holocene and the last glacial period for: (1) covariation between precipitation δ 18 O (and δD) and relative humidity, and (2) variation of cellulose δ 18 O and δD with longitude. Holocene isotopic features are consistent with modern moisture trajectories. The isotopic features during the last glaciation are dissimilar to those in the Holocene, and constitute direct evidence for an expansion of the polar easterlies to latitudes as low as 40°N. This is the fi rst time that moisture transport patterns have been inferred from covariation between isotopic composition in precipitation and relative humidity, a technique that holds much promise for future studies of atmospheric circulation.
MYOFIBROBLASTS AND LOCAL ANGIOTENSIN II IN RAT CARDIAC TISSUE REPAIR

Abstract Tissue repair is a fundamental property of vascularized tissue. At sites of injury, phenotypically transformed fibroblast-like cells are responsible for fibrous tissue formation, expressed principally as type I and III fibrillar collagens. These cells are termed myofibroblasts because they contain α-smooth muscle actin microfilaments and are contractile. In vivo studies of injured rat cardiac tissues and in vitro cell culture studies have shown that such fibroblast-like cells contain requisite components for angiotensin peptide generation and angiotensin II receptors. Such locally generated angiotensin II acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate collagen turnover and thereby tissue homeostasis in injured tissue.
Physical compatibility of telavancin hydrochloride with select i.v. drugs during simulated Y-site administration

Purpose The physical compatibility of telavancin with select i.v. drugs during simulated Y-site administration was evaluated. Methods Telavancin for injection was reconstituted according to manufacturer’s recommendations and diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or lactated Ringer’s injection to a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL. A Y site was simulated in culture tubes by mixing 5 mL of telavancin solution with 5 mL of a tested drug solution and then switching the order of drug mixing. All mixtures were prepared in duplicate and stored at room temperature. Solutions were inspected for visual, turbidity, and pH changes immediately after preparation and 15, 60, and 120 minutes after preparation. Results Of the 52 drugs tested, telavancin was physically compatible with 39 drugs in all test solutions. Telavancin was incompatible with amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B, digoxin, esomeprazole sodium, furosemide, levofloxacin, and micafungin sodium in all diluents. Colistimethate sodium, cyclosporine, heparin sodium, imipenem–cilastatin sodium, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and propofol were incompatible with telavancin in specific diluents. Incompatibilities included precipitation, positive Tyndall beam test, and increases in turbidity. There were no substantial changes in pH over the 120-minute study period. Conclusion Telavancin 7.5 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, and lactated Ringer’s injection was found to be physically compatible for 120 minutes at room temperature with 39 of the 52 drugs tested during simulated Y-site administration. Seven drugs were incompatible in all diluents, and 6 were incompatible in at least one diluent.
Exploring Orthonormal Functions

In this document students explore orthonormal functions using particle-in-a-box wave functions. The particle-in-a-box wave functions are also used for fitting a linear combination of these functions to a target function. Students compare the quality of the fit between the target function and the linear combination of particle-in-a-box functions and calculate standard deviations.
Hypothesis Testing for Group Structure in Legislative Networks

Scholars of social networks often rely on summary statistics to measure and compare the structures of their networks of interest. However, measuring the uncertainty inherent in these summaries can be challenging, thus making hypothesis testing for network summaries difficult. Computational and nonparametric procedures can overcome these difficulties by allowing researchers to generate reference distributions for comparison directly from their data. In this research, I demonstrate the use of nonparametric hypothesis testing in networks using the popular network summary statistic network modularity. I provide a method based on permutation testing for assessing whether a particular network modularity score is larger than a researcher might expect due to random chance. I then create a simulation study of network modularity and its simulated reference distribution that I propose. Finally, I provide an empirical example of this technique using cosponsorship networks from U.S. state legislatures.
Acylation of protein lysines by trichloroethylene oxide.

Stable lysine adducts were formed in proteins following reaction with trichloroethylene (TCE) oxide, the major reactive compound generated by the metabolism of TCE. The order of formation of these adducts is N6-formyllysine > N6-(dichloroacetyl)lysine ≫ N6-glyoxyllysine, with the ratio being influenced by the particular protein. Protein lysine adducts were also analyzed following the enzymatic oxidation of TCE with several different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme systems. The ratio of formyl/dichloroacetyl lysine adducts was influenced by the enzyme system that was used. Chloral and TCE oxide formation was more extensive with rat liver microsomes isolated from phenobarbital-treated rats than with rat microsomes in which P450 2E1 was induced by treatment with isoniazid or in human P450 2E1 systems. Glutathione (GSH) and GSH transferase had inhibitory effects on the reaction of TCE oxide with albumin, with formylation being atteunated much more than the formation of dichloroacetyllysine. GSH is likely to rea...
Exploring a V-I-S (vegetation-impervious surface-soil) model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing: comparative anatomy for cities

Abstract Growing interest in urban systems as ecological entities calls for some standards in parameterizing biophysical composition of urban environments. A vegetation-impervious surface-soil ( V-I-S) model is presented as a possible basis for standardization. The V-I-S model may serve as a foundation for characterizing urban/near-urban environments universally, and for comparison of urban morphology within and between cities. Inasmuch as the model may be driven by satellite digital data, it may serve as a global model of urban ecosystem analysis and comparison world-wide. The V-I-S model may prove useful for urban change detection and growth modelling, for environmental impact analysis from urbanization, for energy- and water-related investigations, and for certain dimensions of human ecosystem analysis of the city as well.
Trace metal composition of synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract Fifty specimens of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an equal number of specimens from cadavers who died with no evidence of connective tissue disease, were analyzed by emission spectrometry for 14 different trace metals. One hundred and five specimens of blood serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and an equal number of specimens from normal volunteers were similarly analyzed. In blood serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the mean concentrations of copper, barium, cesium, manganese, tin and molybdenum were high; iron, zinc and lead were low; and aluminium, nickel, strontium, chromium and cadmium were normal. In synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the mean concentrations of copper, iron and zinc were high; aluminum, barium, tin, strontium and cadmium were low; and manganese, nickel, cesium, chromium, lead and molybdenum were normal.
The role of the gustatory thalamus in taste-guided behavior.

Abstract REILLY, S. The role of the gustatory thalamus in taste-guided behavior. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(6) 883–902, 1998. Gustatory thalamus is the functional name for the parvicellular region of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It is the penultimate nucleus in the thalamocortical pathway of the central gustatory system. Early research encouraged the view that the gustatory thalamus was important for taste detection and recognition. Consistent with this analysis, lesions of the area were found to induce profound deficits of innate taste preferences and aversions, salt appetite, and conditioned taste aversions (CTAs). More recent research using discrete lesions placed with electrophysiological guidance has, however, demonstrated that these deficits were due to damage to structures outside of, rather than within, the boundaries of the gustatory thalamus. In fact, the new data show that the gustatory thalamus is not essential for taste detection, sodium appetite, or CTA learning, but is critical for the preparatory (i.e. food-seeking) rather than the consummatory (i.e. food-eating) aspects of taste-guided behavior.
Product ion studies of diastereomeric benzo[ghi]fluoranthene tetraols by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and post-source decay

The product ion formation characteristics of the four diastereomeric tetrahydroxy benzo[ghi]fluoranthene compounds formed by hydrolysis of the syn and anti diastereomers of trans-3,4-dihydroxy-5,5a-epoxy-3,4,5,5a-tetrahydrobenzo[ghi]fluoranthene are studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and post-source decay (PSD) to determine a correlation between the fragmentation characteristics of these tetraols and the structures of the diol-epoxide diastereomers from which they are hydrolyzed. The tetraols formed by the trans ring opening of the diol epoxides during hydrolysis yield product ion spectra specific for the syn and anti configurations of their precursor diol epoxides. All four diastereomeric tetraols form product ions by the losses of one and/or two water molecules in varying proportions when lithium-cationized molecule ions (m/z 301) are selected for PSD product ion analysis. The differences in the PSD spectra of these four Li+-cationized molecules are rationalized in terms of a water loss mechanism that involves the 1,2 elimination of a hydrogen atom and hydroxyl group that are cis with respect to each other on adjacent carbons.
Acid leaching of ocean manganese nodules at elevated temperatures

Abstract Sulfuric-acid leaching of deep-sea manganese nodules was carried out in an autoclave at controlled oxygen pressure and temperature. The results of this investigation indicate that by raising the temperature to 200°C and the oxygen pressure to 100 psig, it is possible to extract most of the Ni and Cu within a leaching time of one hour without attacking the Fe and Mn phases with markedly reduced acid consumption. These results are discussed in view of an elevated temperature thermodynamic analysis.
Component criticality importance measures for the power industry

Abstract New reliability importance measures have been developed for the power industry to be applied for Electricity Transmission Systems (ETS). Reliability criticality measures are useful metrics to rank components regarding their impact on system performance. Criticality measures serve as useful tools to prioritize reliability improvement activities, identify weak-links in the system and many other uses. These proposed measures pertain to the outage rate of the system and component instead of the probability of failure or survival for a defined mission time. Outage rate is the best suited and appropriate output variable to evaluate the importance of the components in the electricity distribution system. The ETS is the component of the bulk transmission system to provide electricity to large municipalities, large industrial customers and the retail distribution system. The ETS is composed mainly of components such as lines, transformers, breakers and buses. All these components are interconnected with the aim of transporting electrical energy from the bulk transmission system to various load points. The new criticality measures are demonstrated on some commonly used electrical configurations, such as, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third and the Dual Element Spot Network (DESN) for ETS.
Decay properties of the 117In isomers

Samples of In/sup 117-117m/ were produced by the Sb/sup 121/( gamma , alpha ) reaction and studied by gamma-ray spectroscopy techniques. The analysis of the decay curves for the various photopeaks gives a 1.9 plus or minus 0.1 hr half life for In/sup 117m/ which agrees with the previous value and 43 plus or minus 4 min for In/sup 117/ Which is shorter than the previous value. An analysis of the intensities of the gamma rays gives the following intensities for the various decay branches in In/sup 117m/: 28% 311 kev isomeric transition, 21% 1.616 Mev beta transition, and 51% 1.772 Mev beta transition. This gives slightly more isomeric transition than previously reported. (auth)
Experiences with localized gastric hypothermia in massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

In a series of 9 patients with serious disease as a background for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in which gastric hypothermia was used, 5 patients died, a mortality rate of 56%. Bleeding was controlled in 3 patients, and partially controlled in 3 others. Hypothermia was not effective in 3 patients.
Platys Social: Relating Shared Places and Private Social Circles

Social circles can be valuable in online applications, but existing approaches don't readily support such grouping: they either require a user to manually tag connections or offer no more than broad-brush acquaintanceship between connections. Platys Social is a novel approach that learns users' social circles and prioritizes their connections by bringing together contextual information and user interactions. Platys Social runs incrementally, can execute on a resource-limited mobile device, and can potentially avoid storing users' private information on a remote site.
Tumor necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces rapid insertion of Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)/kainate (Ca-A/K) channels in a subset of hippocampal pyramidal neurons

The presence of cell surface Ca2+ permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)/kainate (Ca-A/K) channels on subsets of central neurons influences both normal physiological function and vulnerability to excitotoxicity. Factors that regulate the formation and membrane insertion of Ca-A/K channels, however, are poorly understood. Recently, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was shown to increase the cell surface expression of an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit (GluR1) and to potentiate vulnerability to AMPAR-mediated injury. In this study, we examined the possibility that TNF-alpha might also increase numbers of functional Ca-A/K channels. In acute hippocampal slice preparations, TNF-alpha appeared to increase Ca-A/K channel numbers in pyramidal neurons (HPNs), as assessed using a histochemical stain based on kainate-induced uptake of Co2+ ions (Co2+ labeling). In dissociated hippocampal neuronal cultures, TNF-alpha exposure (6 nM, 15 min) induced a rapid increase in cell surface levels not only of GluR1, but also of the AMPAR subunit GluR2, on most neurons, without evident new protein synthesis. Furthermore, consistent with the slice studies, fluorescence Ca2+ imaging techniques revealed an increase in numbers of Ca-A/K channels on what appeared to be a subset of HPNs. These observations are the first to provide evidence for the rapid upregulation of neuronal Ca-A/K channels in response to a cytokine or any other soluble factor, and provide a novel mechanism through which TNF-alpha may modulate both synaptic function and neuronal vulnerability.
Electro-optic and spectroscopic properties of push–pull-chromophores with non-aromatic π-bridges

Abstract We present electronic structure calculations of the ultraviolet/visible (UV–Vis) spectra as well as hyperpolarizabilities (HP) of push–pull chromophores based on a donor-cyclic bridge-acceptor framework. The bridges are comprised of anti-aromatic polycycles or fulvalene analogues. Both UV/Vis and HP are sensitive functions of the conjugated framework and do not follow conventional wisdom, in particular for fulvalene analogues. Effects can be rationalized by determining mesomers of the bridge that can be stabilized or destabilized by the donor or acceptor. In particular, fulvalene analogues display high susceptibility to this effect and the strongest HP-chromophores exhibit a computed static hyperpolarizability of 372 × 10−30 cm5 esu−1 and 311 × 10−30 cm5 esu−1.
George Sand: Le Bruit et la musique

Le bruit et la musique, car c’est bien de couple(s) qu’il s’agit. Regies par la violence de la difference des sexes, telle qu’elle se laisse imaginer a travers le fantasme obsedant de la scene dite primitive, auquel fait echo celui du secret de la victime, leur identite divisee et leur liaison dramatique ne se reduisent pas pourtant a un affrontement monotone du masculin et du feminin, tant les variations de l’ecriture savent assouplir le theme originel. Mais c’est neanmoins la tenacite de ce motif archaique qui permet de rendre compte des ramifications de la sensibilite auditive de Sand et de son deploiement en passion musicale. Relies par leur commune appartenance a la nuit, le bruit et la musique ne cessent en effet de se měler l’un a l’autre. Mais l’un ne vaut pas l’autre, et Sand a beau souhaiter leur entente harmonieuse, le differend persiste sous la difference, ainsi que le donne a penser, par exemple, la preseance qu’elle accorde a la musique vocale feminine sur la musique instrumentale ou le chant masculins, toujours affilies au bruit, tandis que le violon d’Albert finit par faire taire la voix de Consuelo. Le langage romanesque seraitil alors le seul bruit capable de delivrer la voix qui chante?
Phagocytosis by catfish neutrophils

Channel catfish peripheral blood leucocytes were separated on a Percoll gradient to establish the phagocytic function of the neutrophils. Four fractions of leucocytes were formed on the Percoll gradient, including a fraction that contained 50–80% neutrophils at a density of 1.08–1.09 g ml−1 and a fraction that contained 10% monocytes at a density of 1.071–1.074 g ml−1. Phagocytic assays, using 3H-uridine, showed that the two fractions had similar phagocytic indices, although neutrophils were less phagocytic than monocytes. Neutrophils were confirmed to be phagocytic when examined with transmission electron microscopy. Staining with 3,3-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride demonstrated peroxidase-positive granules in the cytoplasm of actively phagocytic cells as well as peroxidase reaction products in a number of phagosomes containing bacteria. Phagocytosis of bacteria by channel catfish neutrophils was further confirmed by differential staining of external bacteria and cell surfaces with ruthenium red during the fixation process.
Strain-coupling effects in branched polymers

The applicability of a strain-coupling integral constitutive equation to the analysis of the nonlinear viscoelasticity of branched polymers is evaluated. A simpler and more efficient method is proposed for evaluating the material functions of the strain-coupling constitutive equation.
High-resolution spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen in the extreme ultraviolet region

We report high-resolution spectroscopy of the $D^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$, ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$, and ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}^{+}$ states in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, HD, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, performed in absorption in the vicinity of 83 nm. Predissociative widths as narrow as 0.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ have been measured, and profile analyses based on the theory of Fano are performed on these predissociated states. The importance of overlap integrals in the predissociation of ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ is shown, and the absorption cross section $\ensuremath{\sigma}=(7.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for the ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}X(2,0)$ is determined. Anomalous behavior observed in the $D(v=5)$ states of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ is analyzed in terms of an accidental perturbation by the ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}(v=0)$ states.
Periostin Is Essential for the Integrity and Function of the Periodontal Ligament During Occlusal Loading in Mice

Background: The ability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) to absorb and distribute forces is necessary for periodontal homeostasis. This adaptive response may be determined, in part, by a key molecule, periostin, which maintains the integrity of the PDL during occlusal function and inflammation. Periostin is primarily expressed in the PDL and is highly homologous to βig-H3 (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β] inducible gene). Cementum, alveolar bone, and the PDL of periostin-null mice dramatically deteriorate following tooth eruption. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of periostin in maintaining the functional integrity of the periodontium.Methods: The periodontia from periostin-null mice were characterized followed by unloading the incisors. The effect of substrate stretching on periostin expression was evaluated using a murine PDL cell line. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify mRNA levels of periostin and TGF-β. TGF-β1 neutralizing antibod...
Positive FTA-ABS Tests in Subjects with Corticosteroid-Induced Uveitis

Of 17 subjects who developed severe anterior nongranulomatous uveitis during or immediatelyy after testing with topical corticosteroid preparations, 14 (82%) had a positive fluorescent-treponemal-antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. No association was found between corticosteroid-induced uveitis and any specific HL-A locus.
Growth cone form, behavior, and interactions in vivo: retinal axon pathfinding as a model.

Studies in vitro have revealed a great deal about growth cone behaviors, especially responses to guidance molecules, both positive and negative, and the signaling systems mediating these responses. Little, however, is known about these events as they take place in vivo. With new imaging methods, growth cone behaviors can be chronicled in the complex settings of intact or semi-intact systems. With the retinal projection through the optic chiasm as a model, we examined the hypothesis previously drawn from static material that growth cone form is position-specific: growth cone form in fact reflects specific behaviors, including rate and tempo of extension, that are more or less prominent in different locales in which growth cones are situated. Other studies show that growth cones interact with cells along the pathway, both specialized nonneuronal cells and other neurons, some expressing known guidance molecules. The present challenge is to bridge dynamic imaging with electron microscopy and molecular localization, in order to link growth cone behaviors with cell and molecular interactions in the natural setting in which growth cones extend.