cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing of coastal food resources

Since tidal marshes and estuaries cover large areas of the world's coasts and exhibit a very high net primary productivity, they offer a most important food source for an ever increasing world population. The food web of numerous estuaries and coastal waters is based on the primary productivity of coastal marshes that constitute centers of solar energy fixation and an important link in the mineral cycles. The fixed carbon and minerals enterthe water primarily as detritus where a complex food web makes them accessible to commercially important fish and benthic communities. With the launch of LANDSAT, NOAA-2, and Skylab, relatively high resolution spacecraft data became available for mapping and inventorying tidal marshes and their productivity on a global scale. Upwelling regions that attract large fish populations as well as other coastal water properties relating to the presence of finfish, Crustacea, and shellfish could be identified and observed. Using multispectral analysis techniques, classification accuracies greater than 80 percent have been obtained for most marsh plant species, and greater than 90 percent for key types such asSpartina alterniflora, which is the primary producer in large tide marshes of the coastal eastern USA. The capacity of remote sensors on spacecraft such as NOAA-2, LANDSAT, and Skylab to assess coastal food resources on a global scale is discussed from the point of view of resolution, classification accuracy, and cost effectiveness.
High-temperature superconductivity: electrons pair themselves.

An explanation of high-temperature superconductivity in the copper oxides has been more elusive than for conventional superconductivity -- in which crystal lattice vibrations help bind electrons into pairs. The search for a different type of pairing mechanism for the copper oxides is revealing that an excitation of the electrons themselves may provide the glue.
The Impact of a Long-Term Reduction in Dietary Energy Density on Body Weight Within a Randomized Diet Trial

We examined the effect of dietary energy density change on body weight in participants of a randomized trial. Intervention participants markedly increased fruit and vegetable intake while reducing energy intake from fat. Participants were 2,718 breast cancer survivors, aged 26–74 yr, with baseline mean body mass index of 27.3 kg/mm 2 (SD = 6.3). We assessed dietary intake by sets of four 24-h dietary recalls and validated with plasma carotenoid concentrations. Weight and height were measured at baseline, 1 yr, and 4 yr. Dietary energy density was calculated using food but excluding beverages. Intervention participants significantly reduced dietary energy density compared to controls and maintained it over 4 yr—both in cross-sectional ( P m < 0.0001) and longitudinal (Group m × Time interaction, P m < 0.0001) analyses. Total energy intake or physical activity did not vary between groups. The intervention group had a small but significant weight loss at 1 yr (Group m × Time interaction, P m < 0.0001), but n...
The many faces of tissue factor

Tissue factor (TF) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and binds FVII/VIIa. The TF:FVIIa complex has both procoagulant and signaling activities. It functions in many biological processes, including hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Importantly, TF is essential for hemostasis. However, increased TF expression within atherosclerotic plaques and elevated levels of circulating TF-positive micro particles promote thrombosis. TF increases inflammation by enhancing intravascular fibrin deposition, by increasing the formation of pro-inflammatory fragments of fibrin and by generating coagulation proteases, including FVIIa, FXa and thrombin, that activate protease-activated receptors (PARs). In endotoxemia and sepsis, TF-dependent thrombin generation and activation of PAR1 on dendritic cells enhance inflammation. Finally, the TF:FVIIa complex contributes to tumor growth by activating PAR2.
Multiple-way network partitioning with different cost functions

An adaptation to multiple blocks of a two-block network partitioning algorithm by Krishnamurthy was previously presented and analyzed by the author (see ibid., vol.38, p.62-81, 1989). The algorithm assumed one of several possible generalizations of two-way partitioning to multiple-way partitioning. The problem of adapting this algorithm to work with different generalizations more suitable for other types of applications of network partitioning is considered. It is shown that certain portions of the algorithm must be revised in order to maintain a relatively low time complexity for the modified algorithms. Experimental results are given. >
Volatility, information, and double versus walrasian auction pricing in US and Japanese futures markets

Abstract This study empirically examines volatility in US and Japanese commodity futures markets. The US futures market, COMEX, is double auction with continuous trading, whereas the Japanese futures market, TOCOM, was Walrasian with discrete trading until April 1991. We find intraday volatility for gold futures contracts to be significantly higher on COMEX than TOCOM throughout the sample period and is attributable to differences in information flows and market micro-structures. Evidence is also provided that exchange volume conveys information both within and across markets, which is consistent with the French and Roll, 1986 (French, K.R., Roll, R., 1986. Stock return variances: The arrival of information and the reaction of traders. Journal of Financial Economics 17, 5–26) private-information based rational trading model. Finally, daily variance and autocorrelation estimates within COMEX are consistent with the extant literature on equity markets.
Predominance of Nonequilibrium Dynamics in the Photodissociation of Ketene in the Triplet State

The photodissociation of ketene is studied using direct surface-hopping classical trajectories where the energy and gradient are computed on the fly by means of state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field with a double-ζ polarized basis set. Three low-lying electronic states, singlets S0 and S1 and triplet T1, are involved in the process of photodissociation of triplet state ketene. We propagated a trajectory, starting at the Franck−Condon geometry on S1, and branched it out into many child trajectories every time the propagating potential energy surface (PES) crossed with another PES. The major photodissociation pathway to the triplet products was found to be S1 → S0 → T1 → CH2(X3B1) + CO(X1Σ+). It has been found that (1) the S0−T1 nonadiabatic transition creates the T1 species nonstatistically at restricted regions of phase space and (2) a large fraction of the T1 species thus created dissociates almost immediately, leaving no time for equilibration of internal degrees of freedom. Whether...
Interactions of carriers, phonons, and point defects during direct femtosecond laser writing of waveguides in bulk dielectrics

Phenomenological model of photo-elastic effect in bulk dielectrics damaged by femtosecond laser radiation in the regime of direct laser-writing of waveguides is proposed. Positive and negative changes of refraction index due to densification and stretching in laser-written damage tracks inside silica glasses and fluorite, respectively, are explained in terms of laser-induced point defect generation. This model predicts spatial narrowing or broadening of such tracks in silica glass and fluorite bulk samples, respectively, related to spatial point defect distribution due to interactions of carriers with long-wavelength optical and acoustic vibrations as well as due to interactions of point defects with longwavelength acoustic vibrations. Direct laser writing of perspective different contrast microstructures with lower-index boundaries in fluorite and other dielectrics is discussed.
Toward an Ecological Model of African Plio‐Pleistocene Hominid Adaptations

What was the environmental complex in which the Plio-Pleistocene hominids were evolving? What situations selected f o r increasing variation in hominid morphology? A n ap-preciation of ecological dynamics is important to develop answers to those questions. The circumstances that accompany periodically more severe semiarid successions appear to have promoted a shqt in early australopithecine morphology toward hyper-robust forms. Successional dynamics (including ameliorated conditions) may have resulted in repeated sympat y of potentially competing lines. Through the process of character divergence, some earliergracile populations appear to have emerged more Homo-like by the end of the Pliocene. Palaeodemographic analysis combined with detailed ecological modeling offers new possibilities f o r explorato y retrodictions concerned with common and divergent hominid adaptations. [australopithecines. palaeoecology, early Homo]
Factors influencing the use of the “truth in sentencing” law in Kentucky murder cases: A research note

This study is based upon a data set on the capital sentencing process in Kentucky. Here, we examine the effect of Kentucky’s “truth in sentencing” statute on murder cases. The evidence suggests that a sentence of life without possibility of parole can serve as an alternative to capital sentencing that avoids racial discrimination.
Transport density vs. channel access time in wireless networks: Power control and efficient mac design

Power control plays an important role in the design and operation of wireless networks. In this paper, we first define two critical metrics, transport density and channel access time to measure the system performance. The trade-off between these two metrics as a function of the peak power constraint is discussed in two cases, a fixed peak power case and an adjusted peak power case. Our analysis shows that the adjusted peak power constraint outperforms the fixed one in terms of both transport density and channel access time. Based on these observations, a novel and fully distributed energy-efficient MAC scheme with adjusted peak power constraint is proposed to schedule the concurrent transmissions in an efficient way. Better performance can be achieved by balancing between transport density and channel access time. Simulation results confirm the expected gains relative to standard MAC schemes: the transport density is increased by more than 50% compared to CSMA and by about a factor of 3 compared to ALOHA.
Compressive sampling for superresolution using metamaterials

Near field capture of evanescent waves may be possible using negative index metamaterials. We have studied the transfer of high spatial frequencies through thin sub-wavelength scaled resonant structures as a form of compressive sampling.
The only constant is change: incorporating time-varying network reservations in data centers

In multi-tenant datacenters, jobs of different tenants compete for the shared datacenter network and can suffer poor performance and high cost from varying, unpredictable network performance. Recently, several virtual network abstractions have been proposed to provide explicit APIs for tenant jobs to specify and reserve virtual clusters (VC) with both explicit VMs and required network bandwidth between the VMs. However, all of the existing proposals reserve a fixed bandwidth throughout the entire execution of a job.In the paper, we first profile the traffic patterns of several popular cloud applications, and find that they generate substantial traffic during only 30%-60% of the entire execution, suggesting existing simple VC models waste precious networking resources. We then propose a fine-grained virtual network abstraction, Time-Interleaved Virtual Clusters (TIVC), that models the time-varying nature of the networking requirement of cloud applications. To demonstrate the effectiveness of TIVC, we develop Proteus, a system that implements the new abstraction. Using large-scale simulations of cloud application workloads and prototype implementation running actual cloud applications, we show the new abstraction significantly increases the utilization of the entire datacenter and reduces the cost to the tenants, compared to previous fixed-bandwidth abstractions.
Social networks, social support mechanisms, and quality of life after breast cancer diagnosis

We examined mechanisms through which social relationships influence quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors. This study included 3,139 women from the Pathways Study who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 to 2011 and provided data on social networks (the presence of a spouse or intimate partner, religious/social ties, volunteering, and numbers of close friends and relatives), social support (tangible support, emotional/informational support, affection, positive social interaction), and QOL, measured by the FACT-B, approximately 2 months post diagnosis. We used logistic models to evaluate associations between social network size, social support, and lower versus higher than median QOL scores. We further stratified by stage at diagnosis and treatment. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, women who were characterized as socially isolated had significantly lower FACT-B (OR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.72-2.77), physical well-being (WB) (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.27-2.03), functional WB (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI: 1.65-2.63), social WB (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI: 2.73-4.39), and emotional WB (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI: 1.33-2.11) scores and higher breast cancer symptoms (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI: 1.18-1.87) compared with socially integrated women. Each social network member independently predicted higher QOL. Simultaneous adjustment for social networks and social support partially attenuated associations between social networks and QOL. The strongest mediator and type of social support that was most predictive of QOL outcomes was "positive social interaction." However, each type of support was important depending on outcome, stage, and treatment status. Larger social networks and greater social support were related to higher QOL after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Effective social support interventions need to evolve beyond social-emotional interventions and need to account for disease severity and treatment status.
Crustal anatexis: An experimental review

Review of experimental studies in synthetic systems An—Ab—Or—Qz—H_2O and K_2O—Al_2O_3—SiO_2—H_2O illustrates the dominance of feldspar—quartz assemblages in crustal anatectic processes, and the role of hydrous minerals such as muscovite. H_2O-undersaturated liquids can exist with quartz—feldspar assemblages through hundreds of degrees with little change in composition in terms of anhydrous components. Review of the phase relationships in the rock series gabbro—tonalite—granodiorite—granite—H_2O to 15 kbar is used as a basis for interpreting anatexis of deep crustal rocks, including metamorphosed grey wackes and pelitic rocks. For individual rocks, diagrams include PT projections with excess H_2O, with hydrous minerals but no excess H_2O, of H_2O-undersaturated liquidus surfaces, and isobaric T-X_(H_2O) sections. For the rock series, 10 kbar diagrams show the melting interval with excess H_2O, the H_2O-undersaturated liquidus surface, and the melting interval with 2% H_2O. The normal product of regional metamorphism is H_2O-undersaturated granitic liquid; H_2O-saturated liquids exist only through narrow temperature intervals. Liquids of granite composition trend towards granodiorite with increasing temperature or pressure, but compositions do not reach tonalite unless metamorphic temperatures approach 1100°C. Tonalite plutons represent mushes of granitic liquid with refractory residual crystals, or recrystallized residual masses from which the granitic liquid escaped. Some tonalite plutons may be derived from magmas with source in subducted ocean crust or mantle.
A survey of educators' activities to empower nurses for practice.

N urses have difficulty conducting their professional practice in hospital settings.'? This situation persists even though the professional nursing organizations have defined the nurse's role and nurses are educated for their role of identifying and managing human responses to health problems. 8, 9 Power may be the necessary ingredient needed for effective nursing practice in hospitals-power, in this case, being the capacity and ability to carry out the objectives of professional practice in these settings.4, 10 In hospitals, the bureaucratic aims of efficiency and "time management" often take precedence over nursing activities, such aspatient health teaching and patient-comfort measures.II , 12 Within a bureaucracy, the administrators act to carry out their aims by defining and maintaining the structure . of the operation.10, 13, 14 The structure of operations is the prime concern of the administrators. As an operation of the hospital, the nursing care role is defined by the administrators of the hospital. The bureaucratic nursing care role may be in conflict with professional nurses' definition of their role, since, for example, the development
A fluorescence and radiolabel study of sterol exchange between membranes

Abstract The fluorescent sterols Δ5,7,9,(11),22-ergostatetraen-3β-ol (dehydroergosterol) nd Δ5,7,9,(11)-cholestatrien-3β-ol (cholestatrienol) as well as [1,2-3H]cholesterol were utilized as cholesterol analogues to examine spontaneous exchange of sterol between 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) small unilamellar vasicles (SUV). Exchange of fluorescent sterols was monitored at 24°C by release from self-quenching of polarization from the time of mixing without separation of donor and acceptor vesicles. The polarization curve fro 35 mol% sterol in POPC best fitted a two-exponential function, with a fast-exchange rate constant k 1 = 0.0217 min −1 , 1 t 1 2 = 32 min , size pool 1 = 12%, and a slow rate constant k 2 = 2.91·10 −3 min −1 , 2 t 1 2 = 238 min , size pool 2 = 88%. In addition to the above two exchangeable pools of sterol, the data were consistent with the presence of a slowly or nonexchangeable pool, 42% of total sterol, that was highly dependent on sterol content. These results were confirmed by simultaneous monitoring of [1,2-3H]cholesterol radioactivity and dehydroergosterol fluorescence intensity after separation of donor and acceptor vesicles by ion-exchange column chromatography. Thus, dehydroergosterol or cholestatrienol exchange as measured by fluorescence parameters (polarization and/or intensity) provides two new methods to follow cholesterol spontaneous exchange. These methods allow resolution and quantitation of a shorter exchange t 1 2 near 30 min previously not reported. Thus, the cholesterol desorption rate from membranes may be faster than previously believed. In addition, the presence of a slowly non-exchangeable pool was confirmed.
THE EFFECTS OF INNOVATION POLICIES ON BUSINESS R&D: A CROSS-NATIONAL EMPIRICAL STUDY

This paper examines the effect of three major national innovation policies (patent protection, research and development (R&D) tax incentives, and government funding of business R&D) on business R&D spending. Unlike previous work, we also consider the effect of openness to international trade. We use data from nine OECD countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, UK, and USA) in 1985–1995. Our results show that all three innovation policies play a significant role in stimulating business R&D. Enforcement of patent right matters most to business R&D spending. In addition, R&D performed by the government has a positive effect on business R&D, whereas R&D by the higher education sector has a negative impact on business R&D. We also find modest empirical support to the positive role of openess to international trade in business R&D investment.
Morphometric measurement of submucosal thickness in areas of fat deposition in the terminal ileum and colonic sections, with correlation with body mass index, weight and age: a male autopsy study.

Aims An increased amount of submucosal (SM) fat in the colon on imaging is considered to be characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, a recent study in patients without IBD reported a correlation between colonic SM fat deposition and body weight (BW). The aim of this study was to perform a morphometric investigation of SM thickness in areas of fat deposition in the terminal ileum (TI), ileocaecal valve (ICV), and colonic sections, to determine whether there are variations by site, and whether it shows a correlation with BW, body mass index (BMI), or age. Methods and results Representative samples of TI, ICV and colonic sections were collected prospectively from 115 autopsy cases without IBD. All of the study subjects were male (Veterans Hospital). SM thickness was measured in areas of fat deposition. Correlation analysis was performed between SM thickness and BW, BMI, and age. Fat deposition was common; however, with the exception of the ICV, it was neither consistent nor prominent, and it did not show a statistical correlation with BW, BMI, or age. Conclusions SM fat deposition is common but not uniform or conspicuous in the TI or colon. In contrast to extravisceral intra-abdominal fat, it does not show a correlation with BW or BMI, and is not associated with ageing. As all study subjects were male, gender-dependent variability cannot be excluded.
A Graphical Polar-Rectangular Smith Chart Conversion

Graphical immittance transformations on the Smith chart often appear to require some constructions which lie off the chart sheet. Two graphical methods for angle determination are presented which, in conjunction with a previous method for magnitude determination, keep all constructions on the Smith chart sheet. A feature of the angle determination methods is the pre-emption of the reflection coefficient angle scale to measure immittance angles directly.
Patterns of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Expression in Untreated and 8-Bromoadenosine-Treated JAR Choriocarcinoma Cells

Although the biosynthesis and secretion of hCG by both normal and neoplastic trophoblasts have been documented, the regulation of these events is not well understood. We have used the JAR choriocarcinoma cell line to study the biosynthesis and secretion of this hormone. Using immunofluorescence, we have determined that less than 5% of cells expressed detectable hCG at a given time, and about 30% of hCG-producing cells were morphologically differentiated. Treatment of the cells with 8-bromoadenosine produced a 2- to 5-fold increase in hCG synthesis and secretion and increased the number of cells expressing hCG by 4- to 6-fold, without altering the percentage of morphologically differentiated cells expressing hCG. The effect on hCG biosynthesis was dose dependent and was induced maximally with a 24-h exposure to 8-bromoadenosine. However, exposure of JAR cells to 8-bromoadenosine for 2 to 6 h was sufficient to initiate a response. Treatment of JAR cells with the adenosine A2-receptor agonist N-ethylcarboxam...
On the Mechanism of Idioventricular Pacemaker Suppression by Fast Drive

The role of vagal activity, potassium concentration, and temperature in overdrive suppression of ventricular pacemakers, was studied in anesthetized dogs with and without surgical atrioventricular block. The results were as follows. (1) Overdrive of an idioventricular pacemaker during vagal stimulation was followed by a second pause. (2) Hypothermia increased the duration of the vagal and overdrive pauses. (3) Coronary sinus plasma potassium concentration ([K]cs) decreased with the onset of vagal stimulation and increased with overdrive during vagal stimulation. (4) The increase in [K]cs during ventricular overdrive was greater in hypothermia than it was in normothermia when the same absolute rate of overdrive was used and was unchanged when the same relative rate of overdrive was used. (5) Hypothermia increased overdrive suppression more than can be accounted for by the decrease in spontaneous rate, (6) By predriving the ventricles and then overdriving them, the increase in [K]cs was dissociated from the...
Use of Transaortic, Transapical, and Transcarotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Inoperable Patients

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective treatment in patients with severe aortic stenosis unsuitable for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). This study evaluated the early experience with the posttrial application of TAVR, with specific focus on non-transfemoral (TF) access. Methods All patients who underwent posttrial TAVR at Emory University from November 2011 to April 2012 were reviewed. During this time, 44 posttrial TAVRs were performed: TF in 18, transapical in 11, transaortic in 12, and transcarotid in 3. Results A total of 40.9% of all patients were candidates for TF implantation. Mean age was 78.2 ± 11.3 years, and 34.1% were women. Mean ejection fraction was 0.463 ± 0.164, and 90.2% had New York Heart Association class III to IV heart failure. Fifty percent were diabetic, 27.3% had moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 20.5% had a prior stroke. The mean creatinine was 1.63 ± 1.74 mg/dL, 9.1% required preoperative dialysis, and 61.4% had undergone prior cardiac operations. No patients had postoperative myocardial infarction, stroke, or required new dialysis. Intraoperative vascular complications occurred in 11.4%. No patient had more than mild perivalvular leak by transthoracic echocardiography at discharge. Mean postoperative ventilator time was 17.8 ± 40.1 hours. Intensive care unit length of stay was 58.0 ± 67.0 hours. Postoperative hospital length of stay was 6.1 ± 4.7 days. The 30-day mortality was 6.8% (3 of 44) for all patients, despite a mean The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score of 12.6. Conclusions Less than half of patients deemed appropriate for posttrial TAVR were candidates for TF implantation. The use of all available access routes leads to excellent outcomes in patients deemed inoperable.
How many studies are in the file drawer? An estimate from the family/marital psychotherapy literature☆

Abstract There has been much speculation but little data about the number of unpublished studies located in “file drawers.” If the number is high, and if those studies yield systematically different effects, then literature reviews that ignore them might yield biased results. As part of an ongoing meta-analysis of the effectiveness of marital/family therapies, the authors asked 519 randomly sampled members of five relevant organizations if they had file drawer studies. A total of 375 respondents yielded three such unpublished studies that would otherwise have qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Resulting population estimates suggest that there may be almost as many family/marital psychotherapy studies in the file drawer as there are published studies and dissertations. However, because so few file drawer studies were actually obtained, very large confidence intervals surrounded the estimate of the magnitude of effect sizes. Hence the degree of bias resulting from the file drawer problem is still in doubt. Available evidence in this and other studies suggests that the conservative conclusion is to assume that population effect sizes are only 70–90% as large as those computed from published studies.
In vivo analysis in Drosophila reveals differential requirements of contact residues in Axin for interactions with GSK3β or β-catenin

Proper regulation of the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway is essential for normal development. The scaffolding protein Axin plays a key role in this process through interactions with Drosophila Shaggy and Armadillo. In the current studies, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay to identify ten amino acids in Axin that are critical for in vitro interaction with Shaggy and two for interaction with Armadillo. We then generated five Axin variants in which individual putative contact amino acids were mutated and compared their activity, as assayed by rescue of axin null mutant flies, to that of Axin lacking the entire Shaggy (AxinΔSgg) or Armadillo (AxinΔArm) binding domain. Although we expected these mutants to function identically to Axin in which the entire binding domain was deleted, we instead observed a spectrum of phenotypic rescue. Specifically, two point mutants within the Shaggy binding domain showed loss of activity similar to that of AxinΔSgg and dominantly interfered with complex function, whereas a third mutant allele, AxinK446E, retained most function. Two Axin point mutants within the Armadillo binding domain were weak alleles and retained most function. These findings demonstrate the importance of in vivo verification of the role of specific amino acids within a protein.
Impact of improved nutritional status on survival in ovarian cancer

Malnutrition is a common occurrence in ovarian cancer and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the impact of improvement in nutritional status on ovarian cancer survival. A retrospective chart review was performed on a case series of 98 ovarian cancer patients. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was used to evaluate nutritional status. Patients were classified as well-nourished (SGA A) or moderately–severely malnourished (SGA B/C). Patients were classified into four groups: (1) well-nourished at baseline and 3 months, (2) malnourished at baseline, well-nourished at 3 months, (3) malnourished at baseline and 3 months, (4) well-nourished at baseline, malnourished at 3 months. Of 98 patients, 20 were newly diagnosed while 78 had received prior treatment. The median age at presentation was 55.3 years. At baseline, the median survival for SGA A (N = 46) was 20.3 months while for SGA B/C (N = 52) was 9.8 months (p = 0.03). At 3 months, the median survival for SGA A (N = 63) was 19.9 months while for SGA B/C (N = 35) was 3.7 months (p < 0.001). Patients with an improved nutritional status at 3 months had a significantly better survival than those with deteriorated nutritional status independent of age, stage at diagnosis, prior treatment history, and tumor response as determined by CA125. Improvement in nutritional status is associated with better survival. Consequently, our findings lend support to the importance of aggressive nutritional intervention in improving patient outcomes in oncology.
Continuous neuromuscular blockade is associated with decreased mortality in post-cardiac arrest patients.

a b s t r a c t Aim: Neuromuscular blockade may improve outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. In post-cardiac arrest patients receiving therapeutic hypothermia, neuromuscular blockade is often used to prevent shivering. Our objective was to determine whether neuromuscular blockade is associated with improved outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: A post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study of comatose adult (>18 years) out- of-hospital cardiac arrest at 4 tertiary cardiac arrest centers. The primary exposure of interest was neuromuscular blockade for 24 h following return of spontaneous circulation and primary outcomes were in-hospital survival and functional status at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were evolu- tion of oxygenation (PaO2:FiO2), and change in lactate. We tested the primary outcomes of in-hospital survival and neurologically intact survival with multivariable logistic regression. Secondary outcomes were tested with multivariable linear mixed-models. Results: A total of 111 patients were analyzed. In patients with 24 h of sustained neuromuscular blockade, the crude survival rate was 14/18 (78%) compared to 38/93 (41%) in patients without sustained neuro- muscular blockade (p = 0.004). After multivariable adjustment, neuromuscular blockade was associated with survival (adjusted OR: 7.23, 95% CI: 1.56-33.38). There was a trend toward improved functional outcome with neuromuscular blockade (50% versus 28%; p = 0.07). Sustained neuromuscular blockade was associated with improved lactate clearance (adjusted p = 0.01). Conclusions: We found that early neuromuscular blockade for a 24-h period is associated with an increased probability of survival. Secondarily, we found that early, sustained neuromuscular blockade is associated with improved lactate clearance.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home and Why It Matters to Health Educators

The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is an approach to providing comprehensive care for children, youth, and adults in the primary care setting. PCMH emphasizes planned care, care coordination, family-centered approaches, and quality of care while also improving access to care and modernizing the care experience. Although health educators as a group have not traditionally focused their efforts on the primary care setting, the PCMH model increases the potential for their inclusion. Health educators, given their training and expertise, are likely to be well positioned to contribute to primary care oriented with a PCMH model. Health educator roles within PCMH that are especially relevant include participating in a team approach to care, attention to coordination and integration of care, and preventive and end-of-life care. Such roles may be realized in direct delivery of patient education such as health coaching, serving as a facilitator or connector to community resources, or involvement in practice or practice organization quality improvement and population-based assessment efforts. If implemented properly, the involvement of health educators in this new model of care has the potential to enhance how primary care is delivered, improve the health of Americans with regard to chronic conditions, and reduce related health care costs.
Testing exclusion restrictions for a misspecified Tobit model

Abstract The power and size properties of two versions of the Lagrange multiplier (LM) test are investigated under departures from the standard assumptions of the Tobit model.
Linking dynamic economic and ecological general equilibrium models

Abstract Although ecosystems provide myriad services to economies, only one service is considered in most renewable-resource models. The general equilibrium bioeconomic model introduced here admits a second service, and more importantly it accounts for how the two services are impacted by interactions within an eight-species ecosystem and interactions within a regional economy. Endangered Steller sea lion recovery measures via alternative pollock quotas change all ecosystem populations and all economic variables. While non-use values associated with the ecosystem (e.g., existence values) are not considered, all species matter for the economy because they are all used indirectly as support for ecosystem services. Regional welfare changes from reduced quotas show the tradeoff between consumptive and non-consumptive uses of the ecosystem.
Drama and drawing for narrative writing in primary grades

Abstract This study compared the effects of planning activities involving drama and drawing with the traditional planning activity, discussion, on the quality of narrative writing. The subjects were 63 second- and third-grade students, randomly assigned to three groups: the drama group, the drawing group, and the control group. A repeated measures control group design with pretest was used. All three groups participated in 15 weekly sessions consisting of a 15-min discussion focusing on aspects of narrative writing, followed by 45 min of drama, drawing, or language arts activities, and 30 min of drafting. Drama activities developed individual ideas for stories through paired improvisations and individual role play. Drawing activities developed individual ideas through story boards showing characters, settings, and main scenes. The control group used a traditional question-answer discussion as the pre-writing activity followed by a text-centered language arts program. Students' first drafts were analyzed a...
In Vivo Quantification of Tumor Receptor Binding Potential with Dual-Reporter Molecular Imaging

Purpose Receptor availability represents a key component of current cancer management. However, no approaches have been adopted to do this clinically, and the current standard of care is invasive tissue biopsy. A dual-reporter methodology capable of quantifying available receptor binding potential of tumors in vivo within a clinically relevant time scale is presented.
C(X) related to its topological homeomorphism group

Abstract When the space C ( X ) of continuous real-valued functions on X has the uniform topology, the space H ( C ( X ) ) of homeomorphisms on C ( X ) is a topological group when it has the fine topology. This article shows that for certain subgroups F and G of H ( C ( X ) ) and H ( C ( Y ) ) , respectively, there is a natural one-to-one correspondence between a certain set of topological isomorphisms from F onto G and a certain set of homeomorphisms from C ( X ) onto C ( Y ) that relate to F and G . A number of examples are given of types of subgroups of H ( C ( X ) ) that satisfy this Correspondence Theorem and a weaker version of it.
Moduli dispersion and attenuation in limestones in the laboratory

There is growing interest in using seismic attenuation for reservoir characterization. We measure limestone samples in the laboratory to analyze attenuation and elastic moduli as a function of frequency from 3 Hz to ultrasonic. We observe that there is a positive correlation between bulk modulus dispersion and permeability. We also measure different modes of attenuation and find that the attenuation in our fullysaturated samples is mostly due to bulk compressibility losses. We observe that attenuation significantly increases when brine replaces a light hydrocarbon.
Linked and Independent African American Migration from Los Angeles

This paper examines African American migration from Los Angeles County, 1985–1990, utilizing Census Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) data to identify linkages between Los Angeles migrants and others in destination households. Increased migration to suburban counties and to regions outside of the South, since 1975–1980, suggests an overall diversification of African American migration. The majority of outmigrants were “independent” because they moved into 1990 destination households that contained only migrants from the same origin, Los Angeles County. Others were linked either to nonmovers or to migrants from other places in destination households. A discriminant analysis suggests that many migrants linked to nonmigrants were moving for assistance, depending on others at the destination for housing and financial resources. In contrast, independent migrants have the personal resources to set up their own destination households.
Net phytoplankton in a Gulf Stream warm-core ring: species composition, relative abundance, and the chlorophyll maximum layer

Abstract Gulf Stream warm-core ring (WCR) 82B and surrounding waers (Sargasso Sea, Slope Water) were sampled during three cruises from April to August 1982, to assess changes in the species composition and relative abundance of the large, rare netphytoplankton. Analysis of net samples indicated that the major changes in dinoflagellate species composition in the ring occurred between the April and June cruises, while the major changes in diatom species composition occurred between the June and August cruises. Centric diatom species composition and relative abundance were stable over cruise-length time periods (3 weeks) in April and June but varied greatly in the 1.5 month interval between cruises. Between April and June, the dominant centric diatom species in the ring changed dramatically, although the overall species assemblages (presence or absence of diatom and dinoflagellate taxa) remained similar. The opposite occurred between the June and August cruises: the overall species assemblages showed large changes while the abundant centric diatoms did not. Based on the species composition and relative abundance of centric diatoms,the chlorophyll maximum layers exhibited a greater similarity to surface layers at the same station than to chlorophyll maximum layers at other locations. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the chlorophyll maximum forms as a result of cells sinking from the surface, rather than each layer being composed of distinct, separate species assemblages. The chlorophyll maximum in WCR 82B represented a phytoplankton numerical abundance maximum in 70% of the profiles examined.
Phase transfer Pd(0)/Cu(I) catalysed polymerization reactions 7. Synthesis and thermotropic behaviour of 1,4-bis[2-(3′,3′'-difluoro-4′,4′'-di-n-alkyloxyphenyl)-ethynyl]benzene dimers

Abstract The symmetrically difluorinated aryl-acetylene dimers, 1,4-bis[2-(3′,3′'-difluoro-4′,4′'-di-n-alkyloxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzenes (n = 7–12), were prepared by a one pot phase transfer. Pd(0)/Cu(I) catalysed, three step coupling of 1,4-diiodobenzene with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and the appropriate 1-bromo-3-fluoro-(4-n-alkyloxy)benzene. All members of the series display enantiotropic nematic and smectic C phases as well as an additional smectic mesophase in the sequence C[sbnd]S[sbnd]SC[sbnd]N[sbnd]I. The textures observed by polarized optical microscopy strongly support identification of the second smectic phase as a SE mesophase. The SC temperature window increases as the length of the n-alkyloxy substituent increases, whereas the stability of the nematic and SE temperature windows decrease. In these fluorinated dimers, destabilization of mesomorphic behaviour by lateral fluorine substitution is compensated by stabilization due to the large length to breadth ratio of the mesogen, such that melting and...
Structure of Liquid Argon

MOST of the X-ray investigations of liquids have led to a distribution function which cannot be compared directly to the corresponding distribution of atoms in the solid since one peak in the liquid distribution function usually corresponds to several peaks in the distribution function of the solid. For this reason we investigated several years ago the structure of molten salts such as potassium chloride and lithium chloride where one can assign to each peak in the liquid distribution function one peak in the distribution function of the solid. We have shown that the co-ordination in the liquid and the solid is the same; number of first neighbours N1 in the solid equals 6 and in the liquid 5·8. The number of second neighbours N2 in the liquid (K–K or Cl–Cl) is already greatly disturbed; in the solid there are 12 and in the liquid 9·8.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 motility and biofilm by β-sitosterol glucoside.

Abstract Background Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a food borne pathogen, which causes diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). There is an urgent need of novel antimicrobials for treatment of EHEC as conventional antibiotics enhance shiga toxin production and potentiate morbidity and mortality. Methods Six bioactive compounds were isolated, identified from citrus and evaluated for the effect on EHEC biofilm and motility. To determine the possible mode of action, a series of genes known to affect biofilm and motility were overexpressed and the effect on biofilm/motility was assessed. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes involved in motility and biofilm formation was measured by qRT-PCR in presence and absence of phytochemicals, to examine the repression caused by test compounds. Results The β-sitosterol glucoside (SG) was identified as the most potent inhibitor of EHEC biofilm formation and motility without affecting the cell viability. Furthermore, SG appears to inhibit the biofilm and motility through rssAB and hns mediated repression of flagellar master operon flhDC. Conclusion SG may serve as novel lead compound for further development of anti-virulence drugs. General significance Plant sterols constitute significant part of diet and impart various health benefits. Here we present the first evidence that SG, a plant sterol has significant effect on EHEC motility, a critical virulence factor, and may have potential application as antivirulence strategy.
Magnon-Drag Thermopower in Iron

Results of measurements on the thermoelectric power of pure nickel, pure iron, and four dilute iron alloys are presented. They strongly suggest that, in iron, magnon drag is dominant over a wide temperature range, and provide the first indication of this mechanism in a ferromagnetic metal.
Theory-driven modeling or model-driven theorizing? Comment on McClelland et al. and Griffiths et al.

McClelland et al. argue that models of cognition should use underlying mechanism to determine how complex cognition emerges from many interacting components [1]. Conversely, Griffiths et al. argue that models of cognition should use probability theory to address complex cognition as an inference problem [2]. At the risk of oversimplification, the emergent approach is bottom-up, neuroscience-based and good for answering ‘how’ questions, whereas the probabilistic approach is top-down, engineering-based and good for answering ‘why’ questions.
THERMODYNAMICS OF THE EXTRACTION OF METAL IONS BY DIALKYL-SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. II. THE U(VI) AND Sr(II) CASE

The thermodynamics of extraction of U(VI) and Sr(II) from aqueous HNO3 solutions by o-xylene solutions of P,P′-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene- (H2DEH- [EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids has been investigated by measuring metal distribution ratios in the 25.0 to 60.0°C temperature range. The extractant aggregation and extraction stoichiometries for both metal ions did not change with temperature. The extraction of U(VI) by all three extractants is strongly driven by both enthalpy and entropy variations. The extraction of Sr(II) by H2DEH[MDP] is enthalpy driven. Unfavorable entropy changes characterize the extraction of Sr(II) by H2DEH[EDP] and H2DEH[BuDP]. This is not indicative of the micellar-type extraction mechanism exhibited by Am(III). A more rigorous thermodynamic treatment of previously reported Am(III) data has been performed. The absolute values of the free energy and entropy changes of the extraction are affected. However, the extraction of Am(III) by H2DE...
Recent trends in the stability analysis of hybrid dynamical systems

Dramatic progress in computing capabilities has resulted in the synthesis and implementation of increasingly complex dynamical systems. Since such systems frequently exhibit simultaneously several kinds of dynamic behavior in different parts of the system, they are referred to as hybrid dynamical systems. Such systems frequently defy traditional modeling and analysis techniques since the different system components may evolve along different notions of "time", including real time, discrete time, and discrete events. Most investigations of such systems to date involve ad hoc models and tailor-made analysis results. In some recent work, however, a general model has been proposed which contains most of the different classes of hybrid dynamical systems considered in the literature as special cases. At the core of this general model of hybrid dynamical system, which is defined on an arbitrary metric space, is a notion of generalized time. For this class of general hybrid dynamical systems, a variety of Lyapunov and Lagrange stability results have been established and made public in a scattering of publications and workshop records. Our objective in this paper is to present a unified overview of the more important aspects of this work.
The relationship of surface reflectance measurements to optical properties of layered biological media

Reflectance from a turbid biological tissue is discussed for a diffusive light source illuminating the surface of the medium, and is related to the optical property distribution within the medium and to photon propagation through the medium. A three-dimensional photon diffusion model with closed form is developed to describe the photon diffuse intensity in a homogeneous medium. The solution is extended by numerical methods to the medium with layered structure. The concepts of photon flux paths and of reflectance indexes are utilized, together with reflectance data, to extract information about the internal optical properties of a medium. The flux path concept was corroborated by successfully detecting in vivo and ex vivo layered differences in optical properties within the biological medium. These studies suggest that the optical properties of subdermal tissue can be measured from light reflectance and that the effect of the upper skin layers can be eliminated. >