cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flies, genes, and learning.

▪ Abstract Flies can learn. For the past 25 years, researchers have isolated mutants, engineered mutants with transgenes, and tested likely suspect mutants from other screens for learning ability. There have been notable surprises—conventional second messenger systems co-opted for intricate associative learning tasks, two entirely separate forms of long-term memory, a cell-adhesion molecule that is necessary for short-term memory. The most recent surprise is the mechanistic kinship revealed between learning and addictive drug response behaviors in flies. The flow of new insight is likely to quicken with the completion of the fly genome and the arrival of more selective methods of gene expression.
Comparison of Dental Hygiene Clinical Instructor and Student Opinions of Professional Preparation for Clinical Instruction

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of professional preparation among clinical instructors employed in baccalaureate dental hygiene programs in the U.S. and to examine clinical instructors9 and students9 perceived need for educational preparation. The data–generating sample consisted of 285 dental hygiene clinical students and 76 dental hygiene clinical instructors from the 48 dental hygiene programs in the U.S. that offered a baccalaureate or higher degree in dental hygiene. Methods: Online survey instruments contained both qualitative and quantitative questions and were completed by 285 clinical dental hygiene students and 76 clinical dental hygiene instructors from dental hygiene programs in the U.S. Using descriptive statistics, Chi–square analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test, the data from clinical dental hygiene instructors and students were compared to determine if the preparation in educational methods being offered to dental hygiene clinical instructors was meeting the perceived needs of both clinical dental hygiene students and instructors. Results: According to dental hygiene clinical students (n=285), 60% (n=171) indicated that 6 to 10 years of clinical dental hygiene experience was optimal, while 37% of clinical instructors (n=28) identified having less than 5 years of clinical experience prior to clinical teaching. Therefore, the majority of clinical instructors have less than optimal years of clinical dental hygiene experience prior to clinical instructing. Regarding methods of pre–employment preparation, more than half (n=40) of the dental hygiene clinical instructors (n=76) reported most professional preparation occurred through informal discussion with fellow clinical instructors. Significant differences were found between the clinical dental hygiene instructors9 and clinical dental hygiene students9 opinions of importance of clinical instructors being given formal guidance in educational methodologies (p=0.002), communication skills (p=0.027), grading and evaluation techniques (p=0.001) and use of technology (p=0.008). Although the majority of instructors and students rated training in teaching methods and communication skills as most important, the majority of clinical dental hygiene instructors (74%, n=53) identified grading and evaluation techniques as the most addressed subject of training. Conclusion: Both dental hygiene clinical instructors and students identified areas of potential improvement in the professional educational guidance of dental hygiene clinical instructors. Dental hygiene clinical education may benefit from including formal clinical instructor pre–employment preparation programs.
Individual-scale inference to anticipate climate-change vulnerability of biodiversity

Anticipating how biodiversity will respond to climate change is challenged by the fact that climate variables affect individuals in competition with others, but interest lies at the scale of species and landscapes. By omitting the individual scale, models cannot accommodate the processes that determine future biodiversity. We demonstrate how individual-scale inference can be applied to the problem of anticipating vulnerability of species to climate. The approach places climate vulnerability in the context of competition for light and soil moisture. Sensitivities to climate and competition interactions aggregated from the individual tree scale provide estimates of which species are vulnerable to which variables in different habitats. Vulnerability is explored in terms of specific demographic responses (growth, fecundity and survival) and in terms of the synthetic response (the combination of demographic rates), termed climate tracking. These indices quantify risks for individuals in the context of their competitive environments. However, by aggregating in specific ways (over individuals, years, and other input variables), we provide ways to summarize and rank species in terms of their risks from climate change.
Isolation and Characterization of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis cv Takara) Starch

Protein extract (P-I), isolate (P-II), albumin (PA), and globulin (PC) were isolated from Minnesota-grown adzuki beans. Total extractable protein and water- and salt-soluble fractions accounted for 21.6, 15.8, and 2.3% (d.b.), respectively. Fractions were compared with a commercial soy protein (PS) for chemical and functional properties. Proteins in P-I, PA, PG, P-II, and PS were 78.8, 69.4, 89.2, 91.3, and 89.9% (d.b.), respectively. P-I, PA, and PG were superior to PS in essential amino acid contents; P-II was comparable to it. Adzuki bean proteins, except for PA, showed high solubility at acidic and alkaline pH. Compared to PS, the adzuki bean protein fractions (except P-II) showed greater fat absorption and water adsorption, greater foaming (except PG), and lower emulsifying capacities (except P-II) and stabilities. P-I and PA showed lower, and P-II higher, least gelation concentrations than PS.
Hunting of Microchiroptera in south-western Madagascar

In February 2005 clear evidence was found of extensive hunting by local people of microchiropteran bats in south-western Madagascar. Hipposideros commersoni (Family Hipposideridae) accumulates heavy fat deposits during this period, weighing on average about 50 g, and is the targeted species. The capture of other smaller species of microchiropterans appears to be incidental. The exploitation of bats for bushmeat in this region takes place during a period of food shortage, and because the level of collection surpasses the breeding potential of these animals it may over time result in extirpation of local populations.
The molecular phenotype of severe asthma in children

Background Although the clinical attributes of severe asthma in children have been well described, the differentiating features of the lower airway inflammatory response are less understood. Objectives We sought to discriminate severe from moderate asthma in children by applying linear discriminant analysis, a supervised method of high-dimensional data reduction, to cytokines and chemokines measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and alveolar macrophage (AM) lysate. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was available from 53 children with asthma (severe asthma, n=31) undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical indications and 30 nonsmoking adults. Twenty-three cytokines and chemokines were measured by using bead-based multiplex assays. Linear discriminant analyses of the BAL fluid and AM analytes were performed to develop predictive models of severe asthma in children. Results Although univariate analysis of single analytes did not differentiate severe from moderate asthma in children, linear discriminant analyses allowed for near complete separation of the moderate and severe asthmatic groups. Significant correlations were also noted between several of the AM and BAL analytes measured. In the BAL fluid, IL-13 and IL-6 differentiated subjects with asthma from controls, whereas growth-related oncogene (CXCL1), RANTES (CCL5), IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-10 best characterized severe versus moderate asthma in children. In the AM lysate, IL-6 was the strongest discriminator of all the groups. Conclusion Severe asthma in children is characterized by a distinct airway molecular phenotype that does not have a clear T H 1 or T H 2 pattern. Improved classification of children with severe asthma may assist with the development of targeted therapeutics for this group of children who are difficult to treat.
Longitudinal update: business information literacy teaching at different academic levels

Copyright for the article content resides with the authors, and copyright for the publication layout resides with the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals, Information Literacy Group. These Copyright holders have agreed that this article should be available on Open Access. “By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”
Improved Large Scale Culture of Methylophilus Methylotrophus for 13C/15N Labeling and Random Fractional Deuteration of Ribonucleotides

Isotopic labeling of RNA with 13C and 15N has become a routine procedure in structural studies by NMR spectroscopy. The methodology in this paper describes the random fractional deuteration of RNA using the obligate methylotropic bacterium, Methylophilus methylotrophus. This bacterium was grown using a non-deuterated carbon source in 52:48 D20/H20 and we have shown that all protons in the ribonucleotides except for the ribose H1 become 52% randomly fractionally deuterated. Improved growth conditions for this organism are also described that yield higher cell densities in liquid culture, which is applicable for all labeling procedures.
VLA‐1: a T cell surface antigen which defines a novel late stage of human T cell activation

The VLA-1 protein complex defines a previously undescribed very late stage of activated T cell differentiation, following either alloantigen or mitogen activation. This protein appears after 2-3 weeks of activation, considerably later than the early T cell activation antigens such as the interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, transferrin receptor, 4F2 antigen, T10 and HLA-DR, and has therefore been termed very late antigen-1 (VLA-1). Unlike the IL 2 receptor, VLA-1 expression does not require restimulation with antigen, and in fact, VLA-1 expression was high on T cells that had lost their IL 2 receptors. Expression of VLA-1 was found on all or nearly all long-term-activated T cells including T4+ and T8+ clones, bulk cultures, long-term T cells from adults and newborns and long-term T cells maintained in pure or crude IL 2 preparations. VLA-1 was also found on HTLV-1 infected T cell populations. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that the VLA-1 protein complex (210 000/130 000 Mr) can be co-expressed with another protein complex called VLA-2 (165 000/130 000 Mr) on the same T cell clones. However, co-expression was not obligatory because in some long-term cultures little or no VLA-2 was present relative to VLA-1. Because VLA-1 defines a novel late stage of T cell activation, being present on all or most all types of long-term activated T cells, and not on any other cell types in peripheral blood, it has unique potential as a marker for activated T cells in vivo and may provide a clue towards elucidating novel long-term T cell functions or growth requirements of this late stage of T cell differentiation.
Validation of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for Hallux Rigidus

There is a clear call for improved patient-centered outcomes. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a region-specific patient-reported measure that has been validated for a number of foot and ankle diagnoses, but not hallux rigidus. The aim of this study was to validate the FAOS in patients with hallux rigidus. From 2007 to 2013, 211 patients with hallux rigidus (HR) were included in the study. For the construct validity portion of the study, 125 patients completed a Short-Form 12 (SF-12) and FAOS survey. Forty additional HR patients were prospectively given questionnaires to assess the relevance of each FAOS question as it pertained to their HR. Reliability was assessed in 36 HR patients via administration of a second FAOS an average 1 month following the first. In 55 patients, preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores were compared to determine responsiveness. All FAOS subscales demonstrated moderate correlation coefficients with the physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, and physical health component scores of the SF-12, with all subscales demonstrating poor correlation with the SF-12 mental health-related domains. Content validity was high for all FAOS scores, with the exception of the daily activities subscale. All subscales achieved acceptable test–retest reliability with correlation coefficients of ≥0.72. Furthermore, all subscales were rated as responsive to change in postoperative patients (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates the acceptable construct and content validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the FAOS for hallux rigidus. Due to its broad applicability and proven validation across multiple foot and ankle pathologies, the FAOS represents a patient-centered outcome measure that can be reliably used for the assessment of patients with hallux rigidus.
BASSARISCUS AND PROBASSARISCUS (MAMMALIA, CARNIVORA, PROCYONIDAE) FROM THE EARLY BARSTOVIAN (MIDDLE MIOCENE)

Abstract The mesocarnivorous procyonine genera Bassariscus and Probassariscus first appear in the early Barstovian, when they are represented by four species. Bassariscus antiquus is known from the Olcott Formation of Nebraska, B. cf. parvus from the Skull Ridge Member of the Tesuque Formation of New Mexico, and B. minimus, sp. nov., from the Olcott Formation and Observation Quarry in Nebraska. Probassariscus is restricted to the single species P. matthewi from the Virgin Valley Formation of Nevada, Observation Quarry of Nebraska, and possibly the Flemming Formation of Texas. The subfamily Procyoninae is divided into two tribes, Potosini and Procyonini. The procyonin Probassariscus is more closely related to Procyon and Nasua than to Bassariscus. Based on dental characteristics, Bassariscus is the most primitive genus of the Procyonini.
Agriculture and herding in the early oasis settlements of the Oxus Civilization

L'A. s'interesse a l'economie de subsistance pratiquee par la civilisation de l'Oxus (2100-1800), a savoir l'agriculture et l'activite pastorale. Cette etude a ete realisee a partir de donnees archeologiques, botaniques et osteologiques obtenues lors des fouilles de l'habitat de Gonour tepe (Turkmenistan)
Stock Market Crashes and Integration: Empirical Evidence from G5 Countries

Using data from G5 developed countries, this paper investigates the impact of the financial crises on the integration of equity markets. To this end, a modified version of the Fama and French two-factor model (1998) such that the currency risk is incorporated as an additional economic risk factor in the excess return equation. The results show that the equity markets of the developed markets become less integrated after the October stock market crash in 1987, but more integrated after the September 11 attack in 2001. This result is consistent with increasing integration among developed countries overtime which gives an indication that the diversification benefits are reduced.
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in the superior temporal gyrus reveals epigenetic signatures associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease affects ~13 % of people in the United States 65 years and older, making it the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent work has identified roles for environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors in Alzheimer’s disease risk. We performed a genome-wide screen of DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 platform on bulk tissue samples from the superior temporal gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and non-demented controls. We paired a sliding window approach with multivariate linear regression to characterize Alzheimer’s disease-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We identified 479 DMRs exhibiting a strong bias for hypermethylated changes, a subset of which were independently associated with aging. DMR intervals overlapped 475 RefSeq genes enriched for gene ontology categories with relevant roles in neuron function and development, as well as cellular metabolism, and included genes reported in Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide and epigenome-wide association studies. DMRs were enriched for brain-specific histone signatures and for binding motifs of transcription factors with roles in the brain and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Notably, hypermethylated DMRs preferentially overlapped poised promoter regions, marked by H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, previously shown to co-localize with aging-associated hypermethylation. Finally, the integration of DMR-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms with Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide association study risk loci and brain expression quantitative trait loci highlights multiple potential DMRs of interest for further functional analysis. We have characterized changes in DNA methylation in the superior temporal gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting novel loci that facilitate better characterization of pathways and mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, and improve our understanding of epigenetic signatures that may contribute to the development of disease.
Drawing women into prenatal care.

From 1986-1988 the Institute of Medicine reviewed the trends in the use of prenatal services and the research on barriers to prenatal care examined programs designed to improve access to care an formulated recommendations. This article summarizes their major findings. Participation in prenatal care services in the United States is low relative to that in many other developed countries an rates of use are declining among some high risk groups. In 1986 18% of all U.S. infants were born to women who delayed care until the 2nd trimester of pregnancy; 4% to women who initiated care in the 3rd trimester; and about 2% to women who obtained no prenatal care at all. Among the major barriers to prenatal care are 1) inadequate insurance coverage 2) limitations in the Medicaid program 3) inadequate capacity in the maternity care system 4) lack of coordination between health and social services for low-income women and 5) inhospitable conditions at some sites where prenatal care is delivered. The personal beliefs knowledge attitudes fears and lifestyles of some pregnant women also constitute obstacles to care. For example having an unwanted pregnancy attaching little value to prenatal care and having a tenuous connection to the health care system in general are important predictors of insufficient care. Encouraging universal participation in prenatal care will require a major overhaul of the maternity care system. However while consensus for fundamental reform builds several immediate steps should be taken--such as 1) reducing financial barriers to care 2) expanding the capacity of the maternity care system 3) improving the policies and practices that shape prenatal services at the site where they are delivered and 4) increasing public information. (authors)
The Power and the Limits of Industrial Organization

In the last few decades, mainstream industrial organization has developed very powerful tools for analyzing firm behavior within a fairly narrow framework. In this essay, I argue that while these tools are important, their development has crowded out other important aspects of firm behavior from the mainstream of IO. I conclude that in order to continue to grow the power of IO to predict firm behavior, the field will need to embrace aspects of firms that have moved away from IO in recent years, including innovation, boundaries of the firm, regulation, managerial incentives and decision biases, and others.
The Department of State: Formal Organization and Informal Culture

The Department of State has had many critics, including Presidents. John F. Kennedy once asked Charles Bohlen, "What's wrong with that goddamned Department of yours, Chip?"' The Department remained an enigma to him and he developed the "Bundy operation" in the White House largely because he could not find a way to use the Department of State effectively. This article will suggest that the explanation for many of the inadequacies of the Department and many of the things that are puzzling about it lies in the nature and functioning of the dominant subculture that exists in the Department. The beliefs and actions of members of the Department are influenced by the Departmental culture in much the same way that they are influenced by the national culture. The day-to-day working world of a Departmental officer will normally be made up of people who are carriers of the ideas and norms of the subculture. To discuss the operation of the Department of State without considering the role of the subculture is like trying to explain tidal change without reference to the role of the moon.
Multicamera Laparoscopic Imaging With Tunable Focusing Capability

This paper presents a solution to overcome many of the fundamental challenges faced by current laparoscopic imaging systems. Our system is developed upon the key idea that widely spread multiple tunable microcameras can cover a large range of vantage points and field of view (FoV) for intraabdominal visualization. Our design features multiple tunable-focus microcameras integrated with a surgical port to provide panoramic intraabdominal visualization with enhanced depth perception. Our system can be optically tuned to focus on objects within a range of 5 mm to ∞, with a FoV adjustable between 36° and 130°. Our unique approach also eliminates the requirement of an exclusive imaging port and need for navigation of cameras between ports during surgery.
Murine Lung Cancer Increases CD4+ T Cell Apoptosis and Decreases Gut Proliferative Capacity in Sepsis

Background Mortality is significantly higher in septic patients with cancer than in septic patients without a history of cancer. We have previously described a model of pancreatic cancer followed by sepsis from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in which cancer septic mice have higher mortality than previously healthy septic mice, associated with increased gut epithelial apoptosis and decreased T cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this represents a common host response by creating a new model in which both the type of cancer and the model of sepsis are altered. Methods C57Bl/6 mice received an injection of 250,000 cells of the lung cancer line LLC-1 into their right thigh and were followed three weeks for development of palpable tumors. Mice with cancer and mice without cancer were then subjected to cecal ligation and puncture and sacrificed 24 hours after the onset of sepsis or followed 7 days for survival. Results Cancer septic mice had a higher mortality than previously healthy septic mice (60% vs. 18%, p = 0.003). Cancer septic mice had decreased number and frequency of splenic CD4+ lymphocytes secondary to increased apoptosis without changes in splenic CD8+ numbers. Intestinal proliferation was also decreased in cancer septic mice. Cancer septic mice had a higher bacterial burden in the peritoneal cavity, but this was not associated with alterations in local cytokine, neutrophil or dendritic cell responses. Cancer septic mice had biochemical evidence of worsened renal function, but there was no histologic evidence of renal injury. Conclusions Animals with cancer have a significantly higher mortality than previously healthy animals following sepsis. The potential mechanisms associated with this elevated mortality differ significantly based upon the model of cancer and sepsis utilized. While lymphocyte apoptosis and intestinal integrity are both altered by the combination of cancer and sepsis, the patterns of these alterations vary greatly depending on the models used.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Polyamide Membrane and Its Interaction with a Calcium Alginate Gel.

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the antifouling property of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted polyamide (PA) membrane. Our specific interest is the computational study of the interaction between a grafted PEG coating and an alginate gel foulant by a steered molecular dynamics approach. Simulation results show that the PEG coating can hold a tightly bound hydration water layer. When the alginate gel is dragged to approach the PEG coating surface, a strong repulsive hydration force is observed due to the compression of this hydration layer. Detailed calculations of the potential of mean force (PMF) show that the repulsive interaction between the alginate gel and the hydration water layer around the PEG coating has a dominant contribution to the total repulsive PMF. We have also studied the effect of the PEG coverage on the membrane–foulant interactions. We find that the alginate gel has a strong tendency to drift to the uncovered PA membrane surfaces (namely, the PEG hollows)...
Pelvic Sling for Perineal Surgery

A universal traction belt is used for patients undergoing a perineal operation. All patients have been held securely in the desired position and without additional support. No pulmonary or cardiovascular disturbances, or pressure-induced cutaneous or neurlogic injuries have been noted.
Abstract 4594: Serum microRNA signatures predict recurrence and survival in Caucasian patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer

Early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients can be curatively treated by surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy. However, about half of patients develop recurrence and eventually die of this disease. The purpose of this study is to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNA) as minimally invasive biomarkers for the prognosis of early stage NSCLC that may allow personalized clinical management of early stage NSCLC patients. Using a large series of 171 stage I and II NSCLC Caucasian patients, we screened and validated serum miRNA signatures predictive of recurrence and survival in these patients. We identified six miRNA expression ratios that were associated with recurrence and three miRNA expression ratios that were associated with overall survival. In Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for clinical variable-only model was 0.714 for recurrence and 0.678 for survival; however, the AUC increased to 0.878 for recurrence and 0.796 for survival when the miRNA ratio signatures were added to the recurrence and survival models respectively. The patients in the high risk group as defined by the 6 miRNA ratio signature exhibited an approximately 5-fold increased risk of develop recurrence compared with low risk patients. In survival analysis, the death rate increased over 4-fold in the high risk group compared with the low risk group. Our results suggest that the miRNA ratio signatures could serve as prognostic biomarkers for early stage NSCLC. Citation Format: Liren Zhang, Jack A. Roth, Jie Lian, Yuanqing Ye, Jian Gu, Xifeng Wu. Serum microRNA signatures predict recurrence and survival in Caucasian patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4594. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4594
The Biomarkers of Lupus Disease Study: A Bold Approach May Mitigate Interference of Background Immunosuppressants in Clinical Trials

Objective Molecular medicine raised expectations for strategically targeted biologic agents in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but clinical trial results have been disappointing and difficult to interpret. Most studies add investigational agents to various, often effective, standard therapy immunosuppressants used at baseline, with unknown treatment interactions. Eliminating polypharmacy in trials of active lupus remains controversial. We undertook the Biomarkers of Lupus Disease study to test withdrawal of immunosuppressants as a novel approach to rendering SLE trials interpretable. Methods In 41 patients with active, non–organ-threatening SLE flare (group A), temporary steroids were given while background immunosuppressants were withdrawn. Time to loss of disease suppression (time to disease flare) and safety were evaluated; standard therapy was immediately resumed when symptoms recurred. Immunologic impacts of standard therapy were studied at baseline by multiplex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and messenger RNA array in group A patients plus 62 additional patients donating a single sample (group B). Results Patients with lower or higher baseline disease activity had median times to flare of 71 or 45 days, respectively; 40 of 41 patients (98%) had disease flares by 6 months. All flares were treated and resolved within 6 weeks. No serious adverse events occurred from flare or infection. Type I interferon (IFN), Th17, and B lymphocyte stimulator pathways tracked together. Baseline immunosuppressants had distinct impacts on Th17 and B lymphocyte stimulator, depending on IFN signature. Conclusion Trials in active, non–organ-threatening SLE can safely withdraw background treatments if patients who have disease flares are designated nonresponders and returned to standard therapy. Immunologic effects of standard therapy vary between IFN-defined subsets. These findings provide a strategy for minimizing or optimizing treatment combinations in lupus trials and clinical care.
Fitting Preservation into Your Life: Preservation Basics for Serialists

Abstract Basic preservation information for serialists with little or no preservation experience is stressed. From serials issued in print format (particularly periodicals and newspapers) to those issued in microform, CD-ROM and electronic format, the major issues associated with prolonging the useful life of publications in these formats will be discussed. Topics include commercial binding, protective enclosures, selection of paper and microfilm, marking CD-ROM discs, etc. Practical suggestions for the participation of serialists in a program of reformatting (microfilm and digital), either in-house or contracted out are highlighted, with attention to workflow, quality control, file management, storage and access.
Quantifying publication bias in meta-analysis

Publication bias is a serious problem in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which can affect the validity and generalization of conclusions. Currently, approaches to dealing with publication bias can be distinguished into two classes: selection models and funnel-plot-based methods. Selection models use weight functions to adjust the overall effect size estimate and are usually employed as sensitivity analyses to assess the potential impact of publication bias. Funnel-plot-based methods include visual examination of a funnel plot, regression and rank tests, and the nonparametric trim and fill method. Although these approaches have been widely used in applications, measures for quantifying publication bias are seldom studied in the literature. Such measures can be used as a characteristic of a meta-analysis; also, they permit comparisons of publication biases between different meta-analyses. Egger's regression intercept may be considered as a candidate measure, but it lacks an intuitive interpretation. This article introduces a new measure, the skewness of the standardized deviates, to quantify publication bias. This measure describes the asymmetry of the collected studies' distribution. In addition, a new test for publication bias is derived based on the skewness. Large sample properties of the new measure are studied, and its performance is illustrated using simulations and three case studies.
When Do Changes Induce Software Vulnerabilities

Version control systems (VCSs) have almost become the de facto standard for the management of open-source projects and the development of their source code. In VCSs, source code which can potentially be vulnerable is introduced to a system through what are so called commits. Vulnerable commits force the system into an insecure state. The farreaching impact of vulnerabilities attests to the importance of identifying and understanding the characteristics of prior vulnerable changes (or commits), in order to detect future similar ones. The concept of change classification was previously studied in the literature of bug detection to identify commits with defects. In this paper, we borrow the notion of change classification from the literature of defect detection to further investigate its applicability to vulnerability detection problem using semi-supervised learning. In addition, we also experiment with new vulnerability predictors, and compare the predictive power of our proposed features with vulnerability prediction techniques based on text mining. The experimental results show that our semi-supervised approach holds promise in improving change classification effectiveness by leveraging unlabeled data.
The Separation Principle in Linear Regression

In linear regression problems in which an independent variable is a total of two or more characteristics of interest, it may be possible to improve the fit of a regression equation substantially by...
Evaluation and treatment of dystonia.

Background Dystonia is a neurologic disorder that interferes with normal motor control, causing development of bizarre postures and writhing, twisting movements. Methods The patient database of the Duke Movement Disorders Clinic was searched to identify and characterize all cases of dystonia evaluated during the 3 1/2 year period between July 1995 and December 1998. Results Of the 68 patients identified, 44% had focal dystonia, 10% segmental dystonia, 9% hemidystonia, 7% generalized dystonia, 4% multifocal dystonia, 12% psychogenic dystonia, and 9% tardive dystonia. The remainder had either paroxysmal or pseudodystonia. Twenty-five patients had improvement with botulinum toxin injections, 16 with anticholinergics, benzodiazepines and/or baclofen, and 2 with tetrabenazine. Conclusion A variety of treatments can give symptomatic benefit in dystonia, but appropriate treatment requires proper diagnosis of the condition.
Malignant vagal paraganglioma: report of a case and review of literature.

Someren, Ayten, and Karcioglu, Zeynei: Malignant vagal paraganglioma. Report of a case and review of literature. A case of malignant vagal paraganglioma is presented. The literature on the subject is briefly reviewed. This report brings to 48 the number of vagal paragangliomas now in the medical literature. Eight of these cases are found to be acceptable examples of malignant paraganglioma with evidence of lymph-node or distant metastases, and pertinent findings from these cases are summarized. Salient features of other cases showing extensive local or vascular invasion are also reviewed.
Profile of asfotase alfa in the treatment of hypophosphatasia: design, development, and place in therapy

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a multi-systemic metabolic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes the mineralization-associated enzyme, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). HPP is characterized by defective bone and dental mineralization, leading to skeletal abnormalities with complications resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Management of HPP has been limited to supportive care until the introduction of a recently approved enzyme replacement therapy employing bone-targeted recombinant human TNSALP, asfotase alfa (AA). This new therapy has been transformative as it improves survival in severely affected infants, and overall quality of life in children and adults with HPP. This review provides an overview of HPP, focusing on important steps in the development of AA enzyme replacement therapy, including the drug design, preclinical studies in the HPP mouse model, and outcomes from clinical trials and case report publications to date, with special attention given to response to therapy of skeletal manifestations, biochemical features, and other clinical manifestations. The limitations, adverse effects, and outcomes of AA are outlined and the place in therapy for individuals with HPP is discussed.
A Lot to Choke On: Case of Adult Epiglottitis With Concurrent Peritonsillar Abscess in a Patient With a Sore Throat

Background In the winter months, one often sees a large increase in the volume of patients presenting to emergency departments with acute pharyngitis. While most cases of acute pharyngitis are benign, a rare minority can be life threatening. Case report We report a case of epiglottis with a concomitant peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in an adult who presented to the emergency department with a sore throat. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed epiglottitis with a developing left PTA. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, high-dose steroids, and underwent multiple laryngoscopies with eventual resolution of his epiglottic swelling. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case serves to highlight the importance of physical examination and CT imaging in identifying patients with pharyngitis who can benefit from additional interventions and monitoring. It is also an unusual example of the presence of two likely related upper respiratory pathologies presenting in the same patient.
Divergent and Convergent Collaborative Creativity

Past research examining group creativity has focused almost exclusively on the divergent process of ideation. However, we recognize that group innovation is also dependent upon convergent processes such as idea selection and implementation. In the present chapter we review the existing theory and research relevant to both the divergent and convergent processes of effective group innovation. We place particular focus on the ways in which facilitating conditions may impact each innovation phase (divergent and convergent), whether similarly or uniquely. Finally, we present a theoretical model in which we propose various intervening factors that may link productive group ideation to optimal idea selection and implementation.
Management of External Ventricular Drains During Intrahospital Transport for Radiographic Imaging

Abstract Critically ill patients with brain injury often need intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The two most common methods of ICP monitoring are via an external ventricular drain (EVD) catheter and via an intraparenchymal fiberoptic catheter. In addition to ICP monitoring, an EVD has the additional advantage of being able to treat hydrocephalus or lower elevated ICP by cerebrospinal fluid drainage. In addition to ICP monitoring, frequent radiographic imaging is also considered to be a fundamental component of neurological multimodal monitoring. As such, patients with EVDs often require intrahospital transport for advanced imaging. There are currently no national or international standards guiding intrahospital transport to and from the radiology suite. We use a fictional case to describe practice patterns and variations that may improve care of the patient with EVDs during transport to radiology. The fundamentals for ICP monitoring are highlighted, and an emphasis is placed on clear and concise communication.
Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages

Interpreting changes in ecosystem structure from the fossil record can be challenging. In a prominent example, the traditional view that brachiopods were ecologically dominant over bivalves in the Paleozoic has been disputed on both taphonomic and metabolic grounds. Aragonitic bivalves may be underrepresented in many fossil assemblages due to preferential dissolution. Abundance counts may further understate the ecological importance of bivalves, which tend to have more biomass and higher metabolic rates than brachiopods. We evaluate the relative importance of the two clades in exceptionally preserved, bulk-sampled fossil assemblages from the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky, where aragonitic bivalves are preserved as shells, not molds. At the regional scale, brachiopods were twice as abundant as bivalves and were collectively equivalent in biomass and energy use. Analyses of samples from the Paleobiology Database that contain abundance counts are consistent with these results and show no clear trend in the relative ecological importance of bivalves during the middle and late Paleozoic. Bivalves were probably more important in Paleozoic ecosystems than is apparent in many fossil assemblages, but they were not clearly dominant over brachiopods until after the Permian–Triassic extinction, which caused the shelly benthos to shift from bivalve and brachiopod dominated to merely bivalve dominated.
Habitat Fragmentation and Breeding Bird Populations in Western North Dakota after the Introduction of Hydraulic Fracturing

This study quantifies the amount of habitat fragmentation experienced since the introduction of hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken region of North Dakota, using the Little Missouri National Grassla...
Resumen de las Actividades de la Academia en el año 2018 - Academia Panameña de Medicina y Cirugía

[Summary of Academic Activities for the year 2018. Panamenian Academy of Medicine and Surgery]
Tunable magnetic ordering through cation selection in entropic spinel oxides

Twelve multicomponent spinels, comprised of (Mg, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, and/or Zn)${(\mathrm{Cr},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{or}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Al})}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, were prepared using solid state synthesis methods, resulting in nine homogenous, single phase samples with a $Fm\ensuremath{-}3m$ structure, and three samples with multiple phases. Using dc magnetometry in conjunction with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the effects of multicomponent material design on the structural, magnetic, and chemical properties are explored. The ferritic spinel high-entropy oxide (HEO) samples show high-temperature ferrimagnetic transitions and both ferritic and chromium-based HEO spinel samples show evidence of low-temperature antiferromagnetic ordering. Blocking temperatures are evident in some samples and magnetic transition temperatures are reported. Constituent valence states and temperature dependent valence is described for the example case of $(\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.2}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{0.2}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}_{0.2}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.2}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{0.2})\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, including the unexpected presence of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}^{4+}$, indicating a 2--4 type spinel configuration. Valence trends for two ferritic HEO spinels are also discussed. Some of these compositions are synthesized for the first time and this work provides an investigation into the magnetic properties of the novel class of cubic spinel multicomponent oxides showing interesting behavior that warrants further investigation.
Religion Around Mary Shelley: by Jennifer L. Airey, University Park, PA, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019, viii + 231 pp, $79.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-271-08207-3, $24.95 (paper back), ISBN 978-0-271-08382-7.

Mary Shelley will forever be known as the author of Frankenstein (1818), an astonishing book for anyone to have written, much less an eighteen-year old young woman living in the early years of the ...
Primary Care Behavioral Health Training in Family Medicine Residencies: A Qualitative Study From a Large Health Care System.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Primary care behavioral health (PCBH) is a service delivery model of integrated care linked to a wide variety of positive patient and system outcomes. However, considerable challenges with provider training and attrition exist. While training for nonphysician behavioral scientists is well established, little is known about how to train physicians to work efficiently within integrated teams. METHODS We conducted a case study analysis of family medicine residencies in the military health system using a series of 30 to 45-minute semistructured interviews. We conducted qualitative template analysis of these cases to chart programs' current educational processes related to PCBH. Thirteen individuals consisting of program directors, behavioral and nonbehavioral faculty, and residents across five programs participated in the study. RESULTS Current educational processes included a variety of content on PCBH (eg, treatment for depression, clinical referral pathways, patient-centered communication), primarily using a mix of didactic and practice-based placements. Resource allocation was seen as a critical contributor to quality. There was variability in the degree to which integrated behavioral health providers were incorporated as residency faculty, such that programs where these specialists were more incorporated reported more intentional curriculum development and health care systems-level content. CONCLUSIONS While behavioral health content was well represented in family medicine residency curriculum, the depth and integration of content was inconsistent. More intentional and integrated curriculum accompanied faculty development and integration of behavioral health faculty. Future research should evaluate if faculty development programs and faculty status of behavioral scientists results in different educational or health care outcomes.
Sexual Orientation: Genetic Aspects

This article will provide an overview of the evidence on the genetics of sexual orientation, including family and twin studies and molecular genetics findings to date. Familial aggregation of sexual orientation has been reported in several family studies of both male and female homosexuality, although the genetic and environmental influences on this familial clustering have not been clearly defined by the largest twin studies published thus far. Recent molecular genetic studies will also be reviewed, including the two main strategies that have been used to date – linkage and association analyses. The implications of recent advances in molecular genetic studies will also be discussed.
Perceived changes among second-stage agriculture teachers following a professional development experience in Ecuador

This qualitative case study sought to explore changes in the perceptions of second stage (years 4-10) school based agricultural education teachers (SBAE) following a professional development experience in Ecuador. Experiential learning was utilized as a theoretical lens and the model of teacher change as an operationalized conceptual framework. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted, and transcripts analyzed for thematic content. Findings elucidated three emergent themes: change in classroom practices; change in personal and professional pursuits; and change in perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. As a result of the experience, misconceptions were dispelled, new understandings of agriculture and natural resources were developed, confidence was increased, and a desire for more global engagement was communicated. Teachers expressed their desire to be more inclusive, encourage global engagement and citizenship among their students, and integrate more global concepts within their teaching practices. The findings have implications for the importance of holistic approaches to teacher development through international experiential learning, rather than just a focus on classroom teaching practices. To add to our findings, similar research with other teachers beyond second stage should be conducted. Also, research exploring the influence of international development activities on career commitment should be conducted.