cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Exploration of Community Boundary Spanners in University-Community Partnerships

In university–community partnerships, boundary spanners can flexibly traverse historically divided lines to increase access to resources and build upon reciprocal partnerships. Previous research has examined the roles of boundary spanners but only from the perspectives of the institutional partners. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine the characteristics, roles, and motivations of community boundary spanners in university–community partnerships. A qualitative instrumental multiple case study was conducted with community partners of a university–community partnership. Findings led to a community boundary spanning adaptation of the Weerts and Sandmann (2010) institutional model. The Framework for Community Boundary Spanners in Engaged Partnerships identifies four distinct roles community boundary spanners may play. This study provides institutional partners with the tools and techniques to better locate and engage community boundary spanners through partner identification and development.
Magnetostratigraphy, isotopic age calibration and intercontinental correlation of the Red Bird section of the Pierre Shale, Niobrara County, Wyoming, USA

The Red Bird section of the Pierre Shale in eastern Wyoming contains a relatively complete sequence of fine-grained marine clastics that were deposited between 81 and 69 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous epicontinental seaway of the US Western Interior. These units not only contain a well-studied, high-resolution ammonite biostratigraphic sequence, by which the far-flung exposures of the seaway sediments are correlated across this region, but they are also isotopically well-dated due to the presence of numerous sanidine-bearing volcanic ash layers. The magnetostratigraphy of the Red Bird section consists of three geomagnetic reversals which can be independently calibrated by seven40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages in an interval that spans 12 million years of the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages. The magnetostratigraphic section can be confidently correlated to that part of the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) that ranges from the base of subchron C33n to the base of C31n. Linear interpolation and extrapolation from the isotopic ages gives the following age estimates for these reversal boundaries: C32n/C31r, 70.44±0.7 Ma; C31r/C31n, 69.01±0.5 Ma. The C33n/C32r reversal boundary cannot be identified with complete confidence but it is certainly younger than the 74.62±1.2 Ma age interpolated for the reversal found at the top of C33n. These age estimates make a significant contribution to the calibration of the GPTS for the Cretaceous Period, which has previously relied heavily on interpolation between three or fewer calibration points that are widely spaced in age. In addition, the recognition of the chrons C33 through C31 in this section enables us to correlate the high resolution ammonite zonation of the US Western Interior directly to the time-equivalent European pelagic microfossil zonation based on the magnetostratigraphic reference section at Gubbio in north-central Italy.
Error concealment in video communications using DPCM bit stream embedding

An error concealment using data hiding (ECDH) technique is proposed to improve the end user perceptual quality of videos that are affected by transmission defects. A 2/spl times/2 set of coefficients from each block of block-based 2D DCT of the video frame is encoded using DPCM and embedded in the frame itself using a low gain spread spectrum watermarking technique. The DPCM bit stream is ordered into a binary block-image, which is approximately 4 times smaller than the video frame, and embedded in the frame's mid-frequencies. At the receiver, the extracted DPCM bits are lexicographically ordered and a reference is reconstructed for error concealing the channel loss affected video frame. The technique is closely compared with a similar approach which embeds halftoned bits of a low resolution version of the video frame in itself. Also, a comparison is done when the DPCM encoded bits are transmitted as side information through the channel rather than as embedded data. Experimental results show that the technique that uses DPCM bit stream embedding is more effective than the other two ECDH techniques as well as most other error concealment algorithms.
Medical Residents’ Experiences With Medically Unexplained Illness and Medically Unexplained Symptoms

Patients who present with medically unexplained illnesses or medically unexplained symptoms (MUI/S) tend to be higher utilizers of health care services and have significantly greater health care costs than other patients, which add stress and strain for both the patient and provider. Although MUI/S are commonly seen in primary care, there is not sufficient information available regarding how providers can increase their level of confidence and decrease their level of frustration when working with patients who present with MUI/S. The goal of this article is to present findings from a qualitative phenomenology study, which highlights medical residents’ experiences of caring for patients with MUI/S and the personal and professional factors that contributed to their clinical approaches. Results from these studies indicate that residents often experience a lack of confidence in their ability to effectively treat patients with MUI/S, as well as frustration surrounding their encounters with this group of patients.
White matter tract covariance patterns predict age-declining cognitive abilities.

Abstract Previous studies investigating the relationship of white matter (WM) integrity to cognitive abilities and aging have either focused on a global measure or a few selected WM tracts. Ideally, contribution from all of the WM tracts should be evaluated at the same time. However, the high collinearity among WM tracts precludes systematic examination of WM tracts simultaneously without sacrificing statistical power due to stringent multiple-comparison corrections. Multivariate covariance techniques enable comprehensive simultaneous examination of all WM tracts without being penalized for high collinearity among observations. Method In this study, Scaled Subprofile Modeling (SSM) was applied to the mean integrity of 18 major WM tracts to extract covariance patterns that optimally predicted four cognitive abilities (perceptual speed, episodic memory, fluid reasoning, and vocabulary) in 346 participants across ages 20 to 79 years old. Using expression of the covariance patterns, age-independent effects of white matter integrity on cognition and the indirect effect of WM integrity on age-related differences in cognition were tested separately, but inferences from the indirect analyses were cautiously made given that cross-sectional data set was used in the analysis. Results A separate covariance pattern was identified that significantly predicted each cognitive ability after controlling for age except for vocabulary, but the age by WM covariance pattern interaction was not significant for any of the three abilities. Furthermore, each of the patterns mediated the effect of age on the respective cognitive ability. A distinct set of WM tracts was most influential in each of the three patterns. The WM covariance pattern accounting for fluid reasoning showed the most number of influential WM tracts whereas the episodic memory pattern showed the least number. Conclusion Specific patterns of WM tracts make significant contributions to the age-related differences in perceptual speed, episodic memory, and fluid reasoning but not vocabulary. Other measures of brain health will need to be explored to reveal the major influences on the vocabulary ability.
Impact of Scaling on Analog Performance and Associated Modeling Needs

This paper explores modeling and technology-scaling issues related to analog performance in advanced CMOS technologies. Performance metrics for analog circuits are defined, to provide insight into the impact of device scaling on power-constrained analog circuit design. Current and previous generation technologies (90 nm and older) are evaluated using standard compact models. Technology nodes below 90 nm are simulated at the device level to show trends in analog performance metrics and to evaluate the impact of nonminimum gate length and alternate doping profiles. Results indicate that the modeling of moderate-to-weak inversion behavior will continue to grow in importance. Simulations suggest that using nonminimum length and drain-side engineered devices at the 45-nm technology node offers an attractive degree of freedom for analog circuit design
Description and Annotation of Biomedical Data Sets

Deposition of biomedical data sets is on the rise as more scientists submit experimental data to accompany their publications. Scientists are also increasingly reusing these publicly available data sets in their own work. Despite these developments, lack of both context and metadata can create barriers to understanding and repurposing these data sets. Researchers from the Bioinformatics Core Group in the Harvard School of Public Health attempted to address this issue by assembling a team of data curators who used the open source software suite ISA tools to annotate and contextualize microarray data sets. This paper describes the workflow and software used in curating these data sets, discusses similarities and differences in the approaches of team members to the work, and suggests possible roles for librarians in similar data curation projects. Biomedical data deposition is on the rise as more scientists make their experimental data openly available (Piwowar and Chapman 2010). This phenomenon can likely be attributed in part to increasing pressure from publishers and funding agencies to encourage and even mandate data deposition to accompany publication. In a recent survey, more than 40% of peer reviewers for the journal Science indicated that they routinely access or use the data sets that accompany publications (Science 2011). Researchers use these data sets in a variety of ways, including validation and testing of statistical models, and critical evaluation of data discussed in publications. Some works rely heavily upon this body of publicly available data sets, employing data mining for much of their investigative basis. In perhaps the best known example, Mootha and colleagues (2003) successfully identified the human genetic defect that gives rise to Leigh syndrome by first mining publicly available data.
Temperature dependent DC characteristics of an InP/InGaAs/InGaAsP HBT

We report the DC characteristics of n-p-n InP/InGaAs/InGaAsP HBT's which have a composite-collector structure designed to improve the breakdown and gain. The devices exhibit common-emitter current gain of greater than 8 for over 9 orders of magnitude of collector current and breakdown voltages greater than 10 V. The DC gain for a typical device decreases from 40 at room temperature to 8 at 90 K. Over the same temperature range the collector-current ideality factor increases from 1.04 to 1.46, and the base current ideality factor is 0.05 to 0.1 larger than these values. We suggest that the high collector-current ideality factor and the lower gain at the lower temperatures is due to the increasing importance of tunneling of current across the emitter-base junction. The devices with the InGaAs/InGaAsP composite-collector structure offer better common-base turn-on behavior than those with InGaAs/InP as the collector structure, without the breakdown behavior being compromised. >
Alternatives to the Use of Organochlorine Compounds for Insect Control

Abstract Agricultural crops and livestock must be protected from insects and other pests to continue to provide an adequate supply of high quality food, feed, and fiber. High level national studies made beginning in 1963 into ways to curtail the use of persistent insecticides have included suggestions for using alternative materials and undertaking research into alternative approaches. Several problems have arisen with the gradual changeover from chlorinated hydrocarbon to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. However, research has continued on alternative insecticides with emphasis on insecticides that are biodegradable and more selective against destructive insects. Meanwhile, the emphasis in the program of the Entomology Research Division since 1955 has changed. It now stresses research into insect control through development of insect-resistant varieties of crops, biological control (parasites, predators, and insect pathogens), insect sterility, attractants, and hormones. Some of the integrated insect control programs, including those for the screw-worm, subtropical fruit flies, boll weevil, cabbage looper, green peach aphid, and tobacco insects, have been successful, and the future of areawide programs for control or eradication is very promising. However, much basic research, many field tests, and ultimately large-scale pilot tests in well-isolated areas will be necessary to bridge the gap between field tests and practical use. Such research will be costly, but it is necessary if we are to make maximum use of integrated control systems that are now ready for testing against about two dozen major insect pests. These programs will be a major contribution to the effort to develop safe and economical methods of controlling insects while minimizing or avoiding adverse impacts on the environment.
An Assessment of Institutional Publication Productivity in Rehabilitation Counseling

Although the primary reason for publishing in scholarly journals is to help the profession in its efforts to serve persons with disabilities, such publication has a growing importance for the individuals and institutions involved in the publication process. Increasingly, publication is linked with the funding, reputation, and impact of those in the field. Despite that fact, the field is lacking a current analysis of publication productivity in core rehabilitation counseling outlets. This research was conducted to fill that gap by examining publication productivity in six core rehabilitation journals during the 6-year period from 1997 to 2002. Two ratings of institutional productivity based on author affiliation are provided. First, productivity is detailed in terms of the overall number of individuals involved in the publication process. Second, productivity is detailed via a weighting method based on author position to provide an indication of total number of publications attributable to a given institut...
ON GENERAL MATRICES HAVING THE PERRON-FROBENIUS PROPERTY ∗

A matrix is said to have the Perron-Frobenius propertyif its spectral radius is an eigenvalue with a corresponding nonnegative eigenvector. Matrices having this and similar properties are studied in this paper as generalizations of nonnegative matrices. Sets consisting of such gener- alized nonnegative matrices are studied and certain topological aspects such as connectedness and closure are proved. Similaritytransformations leaving such sets invariant are completelydescribed, and it is shown that a nonnilpotent matrix eventuallycapturing the Perron-Frobenius propertyis in fact a matrix that alreadyhas it.
Balanced versus Randomized Field Experiments in Economics: Why W. S. Gosset aka "Student" Matters

Balanced versus Randomized Field Experiments in Economics: Why W. S. Gosset aka "Student" Matters
The development of central venous access device flushing guidelines utilizing an evidence-based practice process.

Flushing central venous access devices with heparin to maintain patency is considered standard practice in healthcare. However, the use of heparin in pediatric and neonatal populations is associated with significant risks. This article outlines the evidence-based practice process used to develop and implement venous access device flushing guidelines.
Glycerol-Mediated Repression of Glucose Metabolism and Glycerol Kinase as the Sole Route of Glycerol Catabolism in the Haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii

Although glycerol is the primary carbon source available to halophilic heterotrophic communities, little is known regarding haloarchaeal glycerol metabolism. In this study, a gene encoding a glycerol kinase homolog (glpK; HVO_1541) was deleted from the genome of the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii by a markerless knockout strategy. The glpK mutant, KS4, readily grew on yeast extract-peptone complex medium and glucose minimal medium but was incapable of growth on glycerol. Glycerol kinase activity was dependent on the glpK gene and readily detected in cells grown on glucose and/or glycerol, with the activity level higher in medium supplemented with glycerol (with or without glucose) than in medium with glucose alone. An analysis of carbon utilization revealed that glycerol suppressed the metabolism of glucose in both the parent H26 and glpK mutant strains, with catabolite repression more pronounced in the glycerol kinase mutant. Transcripts specific for glpK and an upstream gene, gpdA, encoding a homolog of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit A, were upregulated (8- and 74-fold, respectively) in the presence of glycerol and glucose compared to those in the presence of glucose alone. Furthermore, glpK was transcriptionally linked to the gpdC gene of the putative glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase operon (gpdABC), based on the findings of reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. The results presented here provide genetic and biochemical evidence that glycerol metabolism proceeds through a glycerol kinase encoded by glpK and suggest that a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoded by the upstream gpdABC operon is also involved in this pathway. Furthermore, our findings reveal a unique example of glycerol-induced repression of glucose metabolism in H. volcanii.
Relaxation procedure for phase retrieval of nonnegative signals

The paper presents an iterative procedure called the relaxation of autocorrelation equations (RAE) for solving the phase retrieval problem for nonnegative signals. First, the phase retrieval problem is formulated in the spatial domain as a set of polynomial equations with autocorrelations as known data and signal values as unknowns. Then, the RAE procedure solves these equations by recognizing one unknown at a time. While other unknowns are held constant at previously estimated values, a single unknown is varied inside the nonnegative region to globally minimize the sum of squared residuals of the equations with respect to the unknown. In every iteration, this procedure is repeated for each signal value. Since the sum of squared residuals is nonincreasing, the algorithm will either converge to a solution or stagnate; ways to overcome stagnation are suggested. The key feature of the RAE procedure is that unlike iterative transform algorithms, it allows direct control over bounding values of the signal at all times. Several numerical examples illustrate the RAE procedure. >
Pneumatosis of the bladder wall associated with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Increasing use of sonography for imaging the abdomen of neonates has brought greater recognition of its value in diagnosing and monitoring complications of necrotizing enterocolitis. We describe a case in which pneumatosis of the bladder wall was visualized by sonography in a neonate with Down syndrome and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Morphometric analysis of carapacial bones: discriminating between two genera of South Texas (North America) Pleistocene tortoises (Testudinidae)

AbstractSeveral species of large Pleistocene tortoises (genera Hesperotestudo and Gopherus) occurred in the southern region of the United States (Texas) and fragmentary skeletal remains are commonly encountered. In some cases, fossil tortoises can be identified using single carapace or plastron bones, however, there can be ambiguity when identifying to species level. Additionally, non-mature specimens may be problematic to differentiate. To further quantify the identification of two genera of large Pleistocene tortoises, nuchal and neural bones (n = 58) from the collection sites in South Texas were examined and measured. Scatter plots, based on length, width and thickness measurements and ratios were developed for both nuchal and neural elements. The analysis supports the ability to differentiate between large species of late Pleistocene tortoises (Hesperotestudo and Gopherus) from South Texas based not only on diagnostic descriptions but also by different suites of measurements. These measurements and ra...
Changes in heat resistance resulting from pH and nutritional shifts of acid-adapted and non-acid-adapted Listeria monocytogenes Scott A.

Stationary-phase Listeria monocytogenes cells that were either pH dependent acid adapted or not acid adapted were heat challenged at 60°C in a two-level full factorial design for three variables. The three variables and the levels consisted of tryptic soy broth (TSB) and sterile cell-free culture supernatant (sterile TSB), the presence and absence of 1% added glucose, and pH 4.8 and pH 7. Non–acid-adapted cells were most heat resistant when challenged in TSB (mean decimal reduction times at 60°C: D60 = 1.16 min). In the absence of added glucose, non–acid-adapted cells had similar D60-values for inactivations at pH 4.8 and pH 7; however, the presence of glucose caused non–acid-adapted cells challenged at pH 4.8 to be more heat sensitive (D60 = 0.65 min) than those inactivated at pH 7 (D60 = 1.03 min), indicating an interaction between glucose and pH. Overall, the significantly decreased heat resistance of the acid-adapted cells was due to the presence of glucose (D60 = 0.78 min without glucose, D60 = 0.59 ...
Metabolites Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 in Older Adults

Background Circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are elevated in older adults, but mechanisms are unclear. In the current study, we used an untargeted metabolomic approach to develop an improved understanding about mechanisms related to circulating IL-6 in older adults. Methods Serum IL-6 values were log-transformed to normalize its distribution. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to examine the association between 324 serum metabolites with log IL-6. Backward elimination linear regression was used to develop a metabolite predictor set representative of log IL-6. Results Thirty-six metabolites were significantly associated (p < 0.05 and q < 0.30) with log IL-6 in 73 older adults (average age, 78 years). Metabolites related to tryptophan metabolism (kynurenine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, indoleacetate, indolepropionate, C-glycosyltryptophan), infectious burden (C-glycosyltryptophan, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, 1-methylurate, N-formylmethionine, N1-methyladenosine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, bilirubin (E,E), indoleacetate, γ-CEHC, N-acetylneuraminate), aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A expression (kynurenine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, indoleacetate, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, bilirubin, 1-methylurate) were positively associated, whereas metabolites related to CYP-mediated ω-oxidation (adipate, 8-hydroxyoctanoate, azelate, sebacate, undecanedioate, γ-CEHC), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) activation (13 + 9-HODE, bilirubin, 5-oxoproline, cholesterol, glycerate, uridine) were negatively associated with log IL-6. The use of backward elimination regression identified tyrosine, cysteine, uridine, bilirubin, N-formylmethionine, indoleacetate, and 3-indoxyl sulfate to collectively explain 51% of the variance inherent in log IL-6. Conclusions These data suggest roles for tryptophan metabolism, infectious burden, activation of host defense, and detoxification through CYP1A-mediated pathways in mechanisms related to elevated inflammation, whereas CYP-mediated ω-oxidation and PPAR-α activation may be related to decreased inflammation in older adults.
Insertion, isomerization, and cascade reactivity of the tethered silylalkyl uranium metallocene (η(5)-C5Me4SiMe2CH2-κC)2U.

Investigation of the insertion reactivity of the tethered silylalkyl complex (η5-C5Me4SiMe2CH2-κC)2U (1) has led to a series of new reactions for U−C bonds. Elemental sulfur reacts with 1 by inserting two sulfur atoms into each of the U−C bonds to form the bis(tethered alkyl disulfide) complex (η5:η2-C5Me4SiMe2CH2S2)2U (2). The bulky substrate N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, iPrN═C═NiPr, inserts into only one of the U−C bonds of 1 to produce the mixed-tether complex (η5-C5Me4SiMe2CH2-κC)U[η5-C5Me4SiMe2CH2C(iPrN)2-κ2N,N′] (3). Carbon monoxide did not exclusively undergo a simple insertion into the U−C bond of 3 but instead formed {μ-[η5-C5Me4SiMe2CH2C(═NiPr)O-κ2O,N]U[OC(C5Me4SiMe2CH2)CN(iPr)-κ2O,N]2 (4) in a cascade of reactions that formally includes U−C bond cleavage, C−N bond cleavage of the amidinate ligand, alkyl or silyl migration, U−O, C−C, and C−N bond formations, and CO insertion. The reaction of 3 with isoelectronic tert-butyl isocyanide led to insertion of the substrate into the U−C bond, but with...
Internal Migration Models and Population Forecasts

Almost any type of planning requires a population forecast. Migration is one of three components of population change—fertility, mortality, and migration. Several attempts have been made to establish meaningful relationship between socioeconomic and migration data. These attempts include Zipf's interactance model; Stouffer's intervening opportunities model; Somermeijer's, Lowry's, and Schwind's gravity models with attraction indices; Blanco-Lowry population change due to migration models; Ichimura's and Muth's econometric models; Forrester's Urban Dynamics model; and mobility behavioral models. Comparison and critique of these models have shown that econometric models and Blanco-Lowry models of population change due to migration are the most useful to planners. Econometric models require a level of cost and expertise not commonly found in most planning agencies. At their present state of development, mobility models are of little or no help to planners in terms of population forecasts. Migration models show promise of eventually becoming truly useful in connection with regional population forecasts.
Research on Demanding for Social Sports Students in Hunan Province and social demand condition analysis

Through to the social sports specialized graduation whereabouts,the social demand condition diag- nosis,discussed has affected the graduate to get employed the existence reason,and proposed the correspond- ing countermeasure:The accurate specialized localization,with the market close union curriculum,the en- hancement career guidance,to enhances the social sports specialized university graduate employment rate to have the vital significance.
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-induced hematologic alterations in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

SUMMARY. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan?) was given at 75 mg/kg body weight via daily intramuscular injections for 4 days to 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens in an attempt to determine if heteropenia could be induced in chickens. Control birds were given a like quantity of phosphate-buffered saline, the diluent for Cytoxan?. Peripheral blood heterophil numbers were determined and monitored by total leukocyte and differential cell counts. Birds were grouped in pairs on day 0 based on total leukocyte count. The number of heterophils each bird had on day 0 served as a baseline heterophil count for that bird. Thereafter heterophil numbers were determined on the last day of drug treatment and every other day until blood heterophil numbers were 20% of that bird's baseline heterophil count (heteropenia). The effects of Cytoxan? on trachea, lung, liver, kidney, bursa of Fabricius, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus were determined by microscopic examination of those tissues collected the day following heteropenia. Cytoxan? had no effect on trachea, lung, liver, kidney, and thymus. Bursa of Fabricius and spleen had decreased amounts of lymphoid aggregates. Bone marrow of Cytoxan?-treated chickens was hypocellular. The study was then repeated to determine the reversibility of Cytoxan?-induced heteropenia. Cytoxan?-treated birds were allowed to recover until blood heterophil numbers equaled or exceeded those of control birds. Cytoxan?, through bone marrow suppression, induced a reversible heteropenia that developed between treatment days 10 and 12. In addition, Cytoxan? induced a reversible lymphocytopenia between days 4 and 10 and a regenerative anemia between days 8 and 10. The ability to produce heteropenia in SPF chickens will allow the use of a heteropenic model for further study of the heterophil's contribution to the inflammatory response.
The effect of a novel low temperature-short time (LTST) process to extend the shelf-life of fluid milk

Pasteurization has long been the standard method to extend the shelf-life of dairy products, as well as a means to reduce microbial load and the risk of food-borne pathogens. However, the process has limitations, which include cost effectiveness, high energy input, and reduction of product quality/organoleptic characteristics. In an effort to reduce these limitations and extend shelf-life, this study examined a novel low temperature, short time (LTST) method in which dispersed milk in the form of droplets was treated with low heat/pressure variation over a short treatment time, in conjunction with pasteurization. Lactobacillus fermentum and Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula were exposed to conventional pasteurization treatments with and without LTST. Using these organisms, the LTST addition was able to reduce microbial load below detection limits; 1.0 × 101 cfu/mL, from approximately 1.2 × 108 and 1.0 × 107 cfu/mL for L. fermentum and P. fluorescens Migula, respectively. In addition, the shelf-life of the treated, raw, and uninoculated product was prolonged from 14 to 35 days, compared with standard pasteurization, to as long as 63 days with the LTST amendment. Sensory analysis of samples also demonstrated equal or greater preference for LTST + pasteurization treated milk when compared to pasteurization alone (α = 0.05). Conventional pasteurization was effective at reducing the above mentioned microorganisms by as much as 5.0 log10 cfu/mL. However, LTST was able to achieve 7.0–8.0 log10 cfu/mL reduction of the same microorganisms. In addition, BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical scattering Technology detected and identified microorganisms isolated both pre- and post-treatment, of which the only organisms surviving LTST were Bacillus spp. Increased lethality, improved shelf-life, and equal or better organoleptic characteristics without increased energy consumption demonstrate the effectiveness of the incorporation of LTST. The improved shelf-life may potentially have major impacts in the dairy industry in terms of shipping and overall sustainability.
Sterilization by Minilaparotomy in not Recently Pregnant Patients

Sterilization of not-recently-pregnant women can be performed with l ocal anesthetic and without overnight hospitalization. Minilaparotomy performed through a small lower abdominal transverse incision is undert aken with the use of uterine elevators and incisional speculums. The low levels of postoperative pain and complications make this procedure acceptable and safe to discharge the patient within a few hours after surgery. Patient selection counselling evaluation and preparation the various equipment needed various techniques of tubal occlusion and the effectiveness and complications of the procedure are discussed. Compared to laparoscopy minilaparotomy requires less specialized and more readily available repairable and replaceable equipment. But higher wound and pelvic infection rates and longer duration and severity of postoperative pain make this method less attractive. Improvements in the minilaparotomy technique and further comparative studies are needed to determine the safest and most effective method of sterilization.
The Relationship Between Religiosity and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Pregnant Women

Pender’s health promotion model guided this descriptive/correlational study exploring the relationship between religiosity and health-promoting behaviors of pregnant women at Pregnancy Resource Cen...
A Review of the Normal and Abnormal Anatomy and Physiology of the Neonate

ABSTRACT.Many aspects of immature anatomy and physiology must be considered when recording EEGs from neonates. This article reviews the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, thermoregulatory, enzyme, and central nervous systems. We describe the structure and function of these systems in the newborn, commonly encountered problems, and common treatments of these problems. A rationale is developed for precautions EEG technologists must take when recording from these infants.
Metacognition in Upper-Division Biology Students: Awareness Does Not Always Lead to Control.

The authors used qualitative methods to study the metacognitive skill of evaluation in upper-division biology students. They explored when, why, and how students evaluate their approaches to learni...
Abstract 13416: The Days of the Holter Monitor Are Numbered: Extended Continuous Rhythm Monitoring Detects More Clinically Significant Arrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Introduction: Arrhythmias are a leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Arrhythmia detection is essential to management and risk assessment in ACHD. While 24 to 48-ho...
Unimolecular Reaction of Methyl Isocyanide to Acetonitrile: A High-Level Theoretical Study

A combination of high-level coupled-cluster calculations and two-dimensional master equation approaches based on semiclassical transition state theory is used to reinvestigate the classic prototype unimolecular isomerization of methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) to acetonitrile (CH3CN). The activation energy, reaction enthalpy, and fundamental vibrational frequencies calculated from first-principles agree well with experimental results. In addition, the calculated thermal rate constants adequately reproduce those of experiment over a large range of temperature and pressure in the falloff region, where experimental results are available, and are generally consistent with statistical chemical kinetics theory (such as Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) and transition state theory (TST)).
Poly ADP-ribosylation of protein.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses poly ADP-ribosylation of protein. ADP-ribosylation is a postsynthetic modification of protein that involves the covalent attachment of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD to specific amino-acid residues or to another ADP-ribose moiety to form a poly(ADP-ribose) molecule. There are two classes of enzymes responsible for this modification: (1) the mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferases and (2) poly(ADP-ribosyl) synthetases. Some bacterial toxins alter the activity of critical metabolic pathways by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of a key regulatory enzyme. Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A catalyze the mono ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor II, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis; choleragen and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of a regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase, resulting in the activation of the enzyme. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase is localized primarily in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Samba essentials for Windows administrators

Using Samba for file and print sharing can save you a fortune-and it can dramatically improve your network's reliability and performance! But most Samba documentation is written for UNIX/Linux experts-not the Windows administrators who need it most. In this book, expert Windows Sysadmin Gary Wilson walks you step by step through Samba planning, deployment, configuration, and management, showing Windows users exactly how to achieve the best results with the fewest problems.
Geometric Syncronisation by Multi-pendulum and Electronic Models of Neurodynamics

Neurons as active unities are connected one with the others by synapses in an electronic way. Each neuron as N port electronic medium scatters input waves and transmits output waves to other neurons. By voltage waves each neuron interacts with the others in a complex way. Scattering processes create dependence among neurons. We show that a multi pendulum mechanical system can be a simple model to represent complex dependence among neurons. With the multi pendulum synchronization we show that a suitable geometry and geodesic dynamic can be found. We know that neuron network is an electronic network for which power is a metric (electronic distance ) in the space of the currents or in the space of the voltages. The power of electronic system is given by the impedance matrix or by admittance matrix that model the type of electronic geometry and entanglement. In conclusion multi pendulum , quantum entanglement and electronic system are useful models to show in a geometric way how neural dynamic can be controlled by conceptual reference transformation ( geometry change ) and why synchronic processes are possible in the neural network dynamics.
Clinical Outcomes of Multifocal Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Knee: An Analysis of Overlapping Grafts and Multifocal Lesions:

Background:There is a paucity of literature regarding the outcomes of adjacent-plug osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) for irregular or ovoid lesions and multifocal OCA for multicompartm...
Work exchange, geometric magnetization, and fluctuation-dissipation relations in a quantum dot under adiabatic magnetoelectric driving

Fil: Terren Alonso, Pablo Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina
Embodying Cognitive Processes in Storytelling Interfaces for Children

This paper explores the effects of story creation interfaces for children that embody different types of psychologically-grounded cognitive approaches. Two versions of a story creation interface for children were created: one leads the user to focus on a macro-level structure of their story before furnishing scene details, while the other leads the user to focus initially on individual scene details before moving on to determine the macro-level structure of the story. A study was conducted to compare the use of the two types of story creation interfaces by children between the ages of 7 and 12. Findings indicate that different cognitive models can have differing effects on children’s storytelling. In our case, a micro-first model resulted both in greater ease of use as measured by flow and usability, and in richer stories produced.
Critical thickness of α″-Fe16N2 layer prepared in low-temperature nitriding

The formation mechanism of α″-Fe16N2 phase was investigated in the form of nanoparticles. Both α-Fe and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were used to prepare α″-Fe16N2 by using a low-temperature nitriding process (≤180 °C). The synthesized α″-Fe16N2 nanoparticles have a high α″-Fe16N2 volume ratio up to 93%, with a specific saturation magnetization of 178 emu/g (room temperature) and coercivity of 2.0 kOe. The formation of α″-Fe16N2 phase includes three stages: (1) the heterogenous nucleation of α″-Fe16N2 with simultaneous chemical reaction, (2) the growth of α″-Fe16N2 with a local electric field in the Fe16N2 layer, and (3) the termination of Fe16N2 growth due to the nucleation of other Fe–N phases (e-Fe3N or γ′-Fe4N). In low-temperature nitriding, NH3 was used as the nitrogen source. The adsorbed NH3 molecules on the Fe surface decompose into N and H atoms, and then N atoms react with Fe and nucleation of α″-Fe16N2 simultaneously occurs at the high-energy surface sites of reduced Fe nanoparticles. The growth of α″-Fe16N2 phase can be explained by the electric field modified diffusion theory, where the electric field is established by the migration of Fe and N ions and electrons. Finally, the nucleation of Fe–N stable phases (e-Fe3N or γ′-Fe4N) ceases the further growth of α′′-Fe16N2 layer. Then, there is critical thickness for the α″-Fe16N2 layer, which is estimated to be 10–15 nm from the surface. Therefore, single-phase α″-Fe16N2 nanoparticles are expected in fine particles with less than 30 nm in diameter.
Biologics in Sports Medicine

The use of biologic therapies is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of sports medicine injuries including tendon injury, ligamentous injury, cartilage injury, and osteoarthritis. We have developed the ability to use autologous biologics during surgery to enhance healing and this book describes those techniques in detail. This chapter focuses on platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow concentrate especially their use in the outpatient setting. We also focus on the research surrounding the use of biologic therapy.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Iowa Oral Performance Instrument Measures in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease Compared to Healthy Adults

Measures of tongue strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) may have diagnostic utility during clinical swallowing evaluations for persons with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Thus, the objective was to systematically analyze the existing literature comparing IOPI values of tongue strength and endurance between age- and sex-match pairs of PwPD and healthy adults as well as across disease stages. A systematic review of 12 databases and Google Scholar identified five peer-reviewed articles published in English (1990–2019) that compared tongue strength and/or endurance between PwPD and controls. Individual-level data were published in two studies and provided by authors for three studies. Study appraisal included the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and STROBE checklists. Limited data for posterior tongue pressures restricted meta-analyses to anterior pressures. Meta-analyses of group means indicated reduced tongue strength across 106 matched pairs (p < .001, I2 = 0%) and a trend for reduced endurance across 41 matched pairs (p = .07, I2 = 54%). Participant-level analyses found reduced strength (96 pairs, p < .001) and endurance (41 pairs, p = .011) secondary to PD. Tongue strength (n = 68), but not endurance (n = 41), inversely correlated with disease stage when controlling for age (p ≤ .018). Overall, clinicians should be aware that reduced anterior tongue strength and endurance are as follows : expected in approximately one-third and one-fourth of PwPD, respectively, and reduced anterior tongue strength may manifest as early as Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 with continual decline as disease progresses. Further investigation is warranted regarding the relation among tongue strength, tongue endurance, and swallowing physiology as well as applications of tongue pressure training within dysphagia rehabilitation for PwPD.
Star Formation in three Nearby Cloud Complexes

We consider the distribution and nature of the gas and star formation in three nearby molecular cloud complexes: Taurus-Auriga, Ophiuchus, and Orion. Large-scale studies show that quite different distributions of dense gas and star formation exist in these regions, but that the global efficiency of star formation, so far, is about 1% in all of these complexes, very similar to the final efficiencies deduced for open clusters and associations. Furthermore, evidence for differences in the initial mass function among these regions is weak; all three regions may be compatible with the initial mass function for open clusters and field stars. Finally, we consider specific examples of star formation in each complex; the results indicate that the ideas of Adams, Lada, and Shu (1987) are reasonably consistent with the data on L1551 IRS 5, in the Taurus cloud, but that modifications are likely to be needed for IRAS 16293-2422 in Ophiuchus and for NGC2071 in Orion
Distributed media and arts

Summary form only given. The traditional hierarchical view of data, information and knowledge as various stages of (artificial) intelligence sidesteps a significant stage, namely "experience", which is the main concern of artists. With digital multimedia taking a more prominent role in arts and entertainment, we have much more opportunity to create unique experiences, as well as new challenges to overcome. Of particular interest are those experiences which provide the observer the opportunity to participate in and respond to events. Immersive virtual reality experiments aspire to achieve this, but generally for one specific user. Should we generalize this concept to performances involving multiple artists and multiple audiences, we will then have a distributed media system for performing arts. At the heart of this idea are several questions, such as how digital presentations may affect experiences, or how information may be presented to create a specific experience. From a technology standpoint, a number of research and development issues must be overcome. These provide the means for data to be accurately collected, measured, tested, proven, and delivered, in conjunction with artistic, contextual, and user specific concepts. Progress in this area has been made at a new laboratory for distributed media and the arts.
Nanostructured Materials for Microstructural Control of Thermal Properties

Compared to many other properties of nanostructured materials such as their mechanical behavior, thermal transport properties have received considerably less attention. Recently, however, this area has begun to attract attention. It is well known that conventional polycrystalline materials typically exhibit lower thermal conductivity than low-defect single crystals of the same material. Several investigators have realized recently that this could result in significantly reduced thermal conductivities in nanostructured materials that could lead to important improvements in behavior for applications such as thermal barrier coatings (TBC’s). Recent studies of grain-size-dependent thermal conductivity in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the most commonly utilized thermal barrier material, have begun to investigate the feasibility of using nanostructured components in future-generation TBC’s [2-4].
Massive Intravascular Hemolysis with Mechanical Rheolytic Thrombectomy of a Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

A 57-year-old man with chronic kidney disease stage 5 presented for ambulatory evaluation of his arteriovenous fistula. He underwent rheolytic thrombectomy with tissue plasminogen activator infusion, angioplasty, and brachial artery stenting under local sedation. His immediate postoperative course was complicated by hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and hyperkalemia requiring emergent hemodialysis, due to severe intravascular hemolysis. This case illustrates that mechanical thrombectomy can cause clinically significant intravascular hemolysis, thus careful postoperative monitoring is recommended.
Decay of hot Kaluza-Klein space

The non-perturbative instabilities of hot Kaluza-Klein spacetime are investigated. In addition to the known instability of hot space (the nucleation of 4D black holes) and the known instability of KK space (the nucleation of bubbles of nothing by quantum tunneling), we find two new instabilities: the nucleation of 5D black holes, and the nucleation of bubbles of nothing by thermal fluctuation. These four instabilities are controlled by two Euclidean instantons, with each instanton doing double duty via two inequivalent analytic continuations; thermodynamic instabilities of one are shown to be related to mechanical instabilities of the other. I also construct bubbles of nothing that are formed by a hybrid process involving both thermal fluctuation and quantum tunneling. There is an exact high-temperature/low-temperature duality that relates the nucleation of black holes to the nucleation of bubbles of nothing.
The oxygen capacity of fetal hemoglobin

Abstract The oxygen capacity of fetal blood has been noted to be the same as that of the blood of the human adult. Statistical considerations allow the assumption that the oxygen capacity of fetal hemoglobin is the same as that of the adult hemoglobin as defined by resistance to alkaline denaturation.