cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Importance of lateral flux and its percolation depth on organic carbon export in Arctic tundra soil: Implications from a soil leaching experiment

Temperature rise in the Arctic is causing deepening of active layers and resulting in the mobilization of deep permafrost dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the mechanisms of DOM mobilization from Arctic soils, especially upper soil horizons which are drained most frequently through a year, are poorly understood. Here we conducted a short-term leaching experiment on surface and deep organic active layer soils, from the Yukon River basin, to examine the effects of DOM transport on bulk and molecular characteristics. Our data showed a net release of DOM from surface soils equal to an average of 5% of soil carbon. Conversely, deep soils percolated with surface leachates retained up to 27% of bulk DOM while releasing fluorescent components (up to 107%), indicating selective release of aromatic components (e.g., lignin and tannin), while retaining nonchromophoric components, as supported by spectrofluorometric and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectroscopic techniques. Our findings highlight the importance of the lateral flux of DOM on ecosystem carbon balance as well as processing of DOM transport through organic active layer soils en route to rivers and streams. This work also suggests the potential role of leachate export as an important mechanism of C losses from Arctic soils, in comparison with the more traditional pathway from soil to atmosphere in a warming Arctic.
Multimodal imaging of the breast to retrieve the reference state in the absence of gravity using finite element modeling

We introduce in this work a new method of retrieving the reference state of the breast in a stress-free configuration and estimating at the same time the elasticity of the breast tissues by combining MRI and surface imaging data and using finite element analysis. This reference state of the breast is particularly useful in predicting the cosmetic outcome and the healing process of breast cancer surgery, and breast conserving therapy in particular.
Effect of Lattice Design and Process Parameters on Dimensional and Mechanical Properties of Binder Jet Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316 for Bone Scaffolds

Abstract Scaffolds are 3D biocompatible structures that mimic the extracellular matrix properties (mechanical support, cellular activity and protein production) of bones and provide place for cell attachment and bone tissue formation. Their performance depends on chemistry, pore size, pore volume and mechanical strength. Open and interconnected pores allow nutrients and molecules to transport to inner parts of scaffold. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has been used as a means to produce these scaffolds. However, there is a need to study the various lattice designs and process parameters of these AM processes to produce the required scaffolds. In this study, the relationship between different lattice designs of additively manufactured scaffolds and their mechanical properties was studied. Four lattice geometries were fabricated with binder jet AM process with Stainless Steel 316 (SS316) as material. We also studied effect of process parameters such as sintering time and sintering temperature on dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of these geometries. The results showed that the samples with circular geometry have superior mechanical properties compared to others. Trends were obtained on the influence of different lattice designs on compressive strength of the material.
MULTIVARIATE AUTOREGRESSION ESTIMATION USING RESIDUALS

Abstract Autoregression estimation techniques based on the Yule-Walker equations are briefly reviewed and compared to Burg's maximum entropy algorithm. The problems encountered in generalizing Burg's algorithm to multivariate time series are discussed, and generalizations presented. The selection of the order of the autoregression also is considered.
Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins

Royal Society Classified Papers XVI contains a letter written in not one but two seemingly mysterious scripts. As a result, this letter has remained until now effectively illegible, and has been mi...
ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline: What Is New? What Do We Do?

Choosing a threshold and target for treatment should be based on the science supporting CVD risk reduction, while considering the benefits and harms in individual patient circumstances and respecting patient choice.
Albian infaunal Pholadomyida (Cretaceous Bivalvia), Comanchean Carbonate Shelf, Texas

Species of the megaorder Poromyata, although common and relatively diverse in Albian–lower Cenomanian Comanchean strata in Texas and northern Mexico, have been neglected as biostratigraphic markers and paleoecological indicators. Since 1852, more than a dozen species have been identified as Homomya Agassiz, order Pholadomyida, superfamily Pholadomyoidea or Pleuromya Agassiz, order Pholadida, superfamily Pleuromyoidea. Because valve morphologies of the two genera are similar in many ways, casts are difficult to separate. Statistical analysis of key morphological properties objectively defines species concepts and assesses synonymies. Eight species are retained in Homomya ; four are synonymized with these. Two species are provisionally retained in “ Homomya ” although they differ significantly. One species is reassigned to Liopistha (Sergipemya) alta (Roemer, 1852). Pleuromya henselli (Hill, 1893) is reassigned to Panopea . Homomyid species range from upper Aptian to lower Cenomanian of the Comanchean Series in Texas and Mexico. Their ranges vary in duration from one million years up to eight million years. These infaunal suspension feeders occupied calcareous mud and carbonate shelf substrates. Two sets of species are distinct morphotypes: a smaller-sized set of H. knowltoni Hill, 1895 ; H. tarrantensis Perkins, 1961 ; H. tlahualiloensis Perkins, 1961 ; and H. kellumi Perkins, 1961 and a larger-sized set of H. cymbiformis Perkins, 1961 ; H. austinensis Shattuck, 1903 ; H. vulgaris Shattuck, 1903 ; H. budaensis Whitney, 1911 ; and H. auroraensis Perkins, 1961 . Two end-member morphotypes are represented by the “streamlined” Homomya knowltoni , which is an elongate, slightly inflated form with a relatively high umbo, and the cylindrical Homomya budaensis , which is a very elongate, tubular, inflated form with a very low umbo.
At the Intersection of Patient Experience Data, Outcomes Research, and Practice: Analysis of HCAHPS Scores in Neurology Patients

Abstract Objective To assess variation in patient-reported experience in inpatient neurology patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified 1045 patients 18 years and older admitted to a neurology service and discharged from January 1, 2013, through September 30, 2016, who completed Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) surveys. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the associations of patient factors with HCAHPS measures. Key driver analysis identified associations between HCAHPS measures and the Global score (combination of 0-10 hospital rating and likelihood to recommend). Multivariable logistic regression compared HCAHPS scores between neurology patients and those admitted to a neurosurgery (n=2190) or internal medicine (n=3401) service during the same period. Results Among patients admitted to a neurology service, overall (summary) scores did not vary significantly by diagnosis after adjustment for age, education, and overall health, but patients with neurologic diagnoses other than stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disease were more likely to report lower Pain Management scores compared with patients with cancer. Key driver analysis showed Care Transition scores as drivers of the Global score. After adjustment, general internal medicine service patients were more likely to report low Summary scores and neurosurgery service patients were significantly less likely to report low Summary scores compared with neurology service patients. Conclusion Efforts to improve how neurology patients experience their care should be aimed at targeting patients' perceptions of pain management, and improving care transitions is an important first-priority target for improvement. This analysis may help other institutions improve hospital rating, value-based payments, and patient-centered outcomes.
Postnatal Hypoxia and the Developing Brain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Injury

Exposure to chronic constant hypoxia during the early postnatal period, as occurs during a number of disease states, can have devastating effects on the development of the mammalian CNS. Severe hypoxia can induce either apoptotic or necrotic cell death in the CNS. However, cells in the CNS are variably susceptible to hypoxia. Hypoxic exposure activates multiple signaling pathways which presumably serve to protect the organism from hypoxia-induced damage; however the final outcome depends on the interplay among the various pro-survival and pro-death signals induced during this period. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in the response to hypoxic stress during the early postnatal period.
Femoropopliteal Percutaneous Interventions

Atherosclerosis (primary cause), thromboembolic disease, in situ thrombosis, vasculitidies, extrinsic compression, aneurysmal disease Atherosclerotic femoropopliteal peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is often discovered in the asymptomatic patient with routine non-invasive lower-extremity blood pressure measurement and in the symptomatic individual via a history of claudication or rest pain
Disclosing Trauma Through Writing: Testing the Meaning-Making Hypothesis

Salutary effects of writing about trauma on health are well documented, but little research has directly examined the underlying mechanisms by which these effects occur. The principal study in this article assessed the potential underlying mechanism of meaning-making, defined as changing situational meaning (appraisals of the traumatic experience) and global meaning (world views, personality, and coping styles) in order to reduce the discrepancy between global and situational meaning. Forty-one trauma-writing participants and 21 nontrauma-writing control participants completed 4 days of writing and a 4 month follow-up. Decrements in health were noted for the control group but not for the trauma-writing group. Over time, the trauma-writing group's appraisals changed to reflect less aversive situational meaning (e.g., less stressful, less threatening), and their cognitive processing, reflected by intrusions and avoidance, decreased. Less stressful appraisals and reduced cognitive processing were related to improved health outcomes. Results indicate that writing about trauma facilitates the making of meaning. A second study examined whether scores on several measures used in the first study changed across 4 months without a writing intervention. It was found that these measures did not change across time.
CURRENT AND FUTURE NIH SUPPORT OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Current and future prospects for biomedical research are discussed by examining two critical questions, namely, how much money will be available and how it will be spent. Context is provided first by comparing how those same questions were answered 25 years ago with what has actually occurred between 1972 and the present. The questions are then addressed for a comparable period in the future. Projections are made for future funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and examples of new research directions are described. Ample grounds are provided for optimism about the future of biomedical research and NIH funding for it.
Extraversion and computer game play: who plays what games?

In the last two years, our research group has been conducting online surveys on enjoyment of computer game play and player personalities. From the preliminary data we collected as of now, we observed positive relationship between the personality trait, extraversion, and players' choice of games. This paper presents a research project that attempts to explore this relationship and investigate the reasons why this relationship exists using interview method. The expected findings will likely help game designers improve interaction designs in computer games.
Multi-objective optimization for design under uncertainty problems through surrogate modeling in augmented input space

Multi-objective design under uncertainty problems that adopt probabilistic quantities as performance objectives and consider their estimation through stochastic simulation are examined in this paper, focusing on development of a surrogate modeling framework to reduce computational burden for the numerical optimization. The surrogate model is formulated to approximate the system response with respect to both the design variables and the uncertain model parameters, so that it can simultaneously support both the uncertainty propagation and the identification of the Pareto optimal solutions. Kriging is chosen as the metamodel, and its probabilistic nature (its ability to offer a local estimate of the prediction error) is leveraged within different aspects of the framework. To reduce the number of simulations for the expensive system model, an iterative approach is established with adaptive characteristics for controlling the metamodel accuracy. At each iteration, a new metamodel is developed utilizing all available training points. A new Pareto front is then identified utilizing this surrogate model and is compared, for assessing stopping criteria, to the front that was identified in the previous iteration. This comparison utilizes explicitly the potential error associated with the metamodel predictions. If stopping criteria are not achieved, a set of refinement experiments (new training points) is identified and process proceeds to the next iteration. A hybrid design of experiments is considered for this refinement, with a dual goal of global coverage and local exploitation of regions of interest, separately identified for the design variables and the uncertain model parameters.
A consistently coupled multiscale mechanical–electrochemical battery model with particle interaction and its validation

Abstract As an inherent multiscale structure, a continuum scale battery electrode is composed of many microscale particles. Currently it is generally assumed that each particle is isolated while the stress in a particle only affects solid diffusion. The lack of mechanical interaction between particles and effect of stress on the electrochemical reaction rate makes mechanics and electrochemistry uncoupled at the continuum scale: an applied continuum scale stress in the electrode has no effect on the spatial distribution of electrochemical reaction in the electrode and vice versa. This paper first presents a multiscale model that couples mechanics and electrochemistry consistently at the microscopic and continuum scales. The microscopic particle stress is a superposition of the intra-particle concentration gradient-induced stress and the particle interaction stress, with the latter being related to the continuum scale stress through a representative volume element. The electrochemical charge transfer kinetics is generalized with the stress effect. Diffusion in a particle is described by a chemical potential that includes stress and phase transition. In a parallel effort, we develop a direct three-dimensional particle network model, which consists of realistic active material particles. Unlike the multiscale model, there is no scale separation and homogenization in the particle network model: all particles are modeled explicitly with fully coupled three-dimensional mechanical-electrochemical equations and the finite element method. The results from the particle network model are accurate and can serve as a standard, but the size of particle network that can be calculated is limited due to high computational cost. Comparison of results from the multiscale model and from the particle network model shows that the multiscale model gives good, satisfying accuracy while reducing the computational cost dramatically in comparison to the three-dimensional particle network model. The multiscale model is a power tool to address various coupled problems in the electrode, from inter-particle crack growth to electrode structure design for high performance and long cycle life.
Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions result from short-term perturbations of agricultural systems such as precipitation and fertilization events. We hypothesized those agricultural systems with contrasting management histories may respond differently to application events of water and N fertilizer with respect to GHG emissions. Studies with long-term management histories consisting of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were coupled with high temporal resolution, automated chambers that monitored N2O and CO2 emissions for 22 hours following treatments. Treatments applied to NT and CT were a) control (no water or N additions), b) simulated precipitation to achieve approximately 80% water-filled pore space, and c) precipitation plus fertilizer additions of 150 kg N ha-1as ammonium nitrate. Emissions of CO2 increased with increase in moisture and temperature and decreased under fertilizer application. Water and nitrogen treatments in CT at the sites with 2 and 12-year history produced N2O fluxes greater than NT by 142% and 68%, respectively. The site with 10-year history of NT produced similar amounts of N2O from CT and NT treatments. The same treatments at the site with 31 yearlong no-till history, despite being one of the lowest among all sites, demonstrated 380% higher N2O fluxes from the NT than CT, which was likely due to higher levels of labile organic matter present in NT treatments. GHG emissions data regressed on measured soil C and N properties, fractionation, and mineralization data showed that N2O flux increased with reduction of acid-hydrolyzable N and increase of NH4-N in soil, which suggested that N2O production in the short-term water and water and N additions events is mostly produced via nitrification process. This indicates that neither the length of no-till treatment nor the fertilizer application rate define the rate of N2O emissions, but the soil N availability controlled by organic matter mineralization rate. The current study shows that the early stages of no-till adoption can result in reduction of N2O spikes during short-term precipitation events similar to some long-term no-till sites.
Chronic health conditions and adolescent friendship: perspectives from social network analysis.

Objective: The current study uses methods from social network analysis to examine the relationship between chronic health conditions (CHCs) and adolescent friendships. Particular attention is given to the processes of peer marginalization, peer withdrawal and homophily related to CHCs. Methods: Exponential random graph models were used to investigate the extent to which a CHC is associated with patterns in adolescent friendship connections, while controlling for important social network properties and covariates. The study uses cross-sectional data from six small US high schools (n = 461) within the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Results: Findings demonstrate no significant differences between adolescents with CHCs and adolescents without CHCs in the number of incoming friendship nominations (peer marginalization) or outgoing friendship nominations (peer withdrawal). In addition, similarity in CHCs (homophily) was not significantly related to friendship between two individuals. Conclusions: In sum, the presence of an adolescent CHC was not significantly associated with adolescent social network structure, including peer marginalization, peer withdrawal, and homophily related to CHCs, after controlling for alternative social network processes. Although previous literature suggests that adolescents with CHCs experience negative social consequences, the current findings demonstrate that the social network structure of adolescents with CHCs did not differ significantly from that of their peers without CHCs. Thus, findings from the current study suggest that CHCs are not related to objective reductions in social connections.
Surface and subsurface film growth of titanium dioxide on polydimethylsiloxane by atomic layer deposition

Abstract There has been increasing interest in polymers for biomaterial applications. Researchers have been trying to incorporate metal oxides or metals into polymers in order to attain significantly enhanced desirable properties of the resulting polymer material such as conductivity and antimicrobial activity. One promising technique for such materials is atomic layer deposition (ALD). By depositing a very thin film of metal or metal oxide, one can take advantage of these material properties without losing the unique bulk properties of the polymer; however, deposition of such a material on polymers becomes challenging in part due to the availability of both surface and subsurface film growth. In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is investigated at the early stages of nucleation and growth of TiO2 on both O2-plasma treated and non-plasma treated PDMS. X-ray absorption near edge structure, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for material characterization. Results indicate that ALD-like surface growth of TiO2 takes place on plasma-treated PDMS; for non-plasma treated pristine PDMS, apparent favorable diffusion/infiltration of TiO2 into the subsurface of the polymer is obtained, without noticeable external surface deposition for at least the first 25 ALD cycles.
Exposure to Persistently Delinquent Peers and Substance Use Onset: A Test of Moffitt’s Social Mimicry Hypothesis

Moffitt’s social mimicry hypothesis states that the sudden rise in offending during adolescence is partly the result of adolescence-limited delinquents modeling the behavior of their life-course pe...
Multidisciplinary strategies to treat severe hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus reduce inpatient mortality rate: Experience from an academic community hospital

Objective Severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 50 mg/dl) in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with poor outcomes such as increased mortality and readmission rates. We study the effects of system based interventions in managing severe hypoglycemia and its impact on outcomes. Research design and methods We performed retrospective review of pre- and post- intervention study to quantify severe hypoglycemia in patients admitted in the general internal medicine wards with primary or secondary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We implemented multidisciplinary interventions including standardization of treatment, education of in-patient medical teams and physician notification and feedback immediately after severe hypoglycemia. The endpoints were the comparative analysis of incidence of severe hypoglycemia, in-patient mortality rate, 30-day mortality rate, 30-day readmission rate, recovery time from hypoglycemia, time to next glucose measurements, use of standardized treatment and physician notification rate pre-and post-intervention. Results The incidence of severe hypoglycemia per patient with diabetes was reduced from 9.6% (233/2416) to 5.6% (202/3607) (p<0.001) post-intervention. The in-patient mortality rate in patients with severe hypoglycemia reduced from 4.1% to 0% (p = 0.019), 30-day mortality rate reduced from 9.8% to 3.8% (p = 0.058) post-intervention. 30-day readmission rate was comparable between pre-intervention (31.7%) and post-intervention (29%) (p = 0.60). In comparison, the mortality and readmission rates of all diabetic patients did not reduce during the same observation periods. Recovery time reduced from 116 (83–161) to 75 (57–102) min (p<0.01), time to next glucose measurement reduced from 39.5 (34–48) to 32 (28–35) min (p<0.01), use of standardized treatment improved from 22.7% (53/233) to 72.2% (146/202) (p<0.001) and physician notification rate increased from 29.2 (68/233) to 84.7% (171/202) post-intervention. Conclusions Our study shows that multidisciplinary strategies improves the process of early detection and management of severe hypoglycemia and reduce incidence and in-patient mortality rate.
Growth of palliative care (PC) in United States cancer centers: A national survey.

11601Background: Outpatient PC facilitates timely referral and improved outcomes for cancer patients. We examined the change in outpatient PC services at US cancer centers over the past decade. Met...
How clinicians incorporate suicide risk factors into suicide risk assessment.

Background: The literature has focused on explicit communications of suicidal ideation, although such communications are infrequent and less overt symptoms are comparable indicators of suicide risk. Aims: Our aim was to understand how clinicians consider inexplicit suicide risk factors in assessments of risk. Method: A national sample of 75 psychiatric crisis clinicians were provided with three vignettes, which varied in nine variables related to suicide risk. Clinicians rated imminent suicide risk and identified an appropriate level of care for each hypothetical patient. Results: Prior suicide attempt, intent to die, presence of a suicide plan, desire to die, hopelessness, burdensomeness, and passive suicidal ideation (defined as a combination of hopelessness, burdensomeness, desire to die, and anhedonia) significantly impacted risk perception while depression and anhedonia did not. Level of care was significantly associated with passive suicidal ideation, suicide plan, desire to die, and hopelessness. Limitations: Limitations of the study include its small sample size, experienced clinicians, and reliance on hypothetical patients. The study design did not allow for all variables to be compared against one another. Conclusion: Clinicians considered less overt risk factors for suicide when assessing risk. Future research should examine whether this knowledge is applied in real-life scenarios and if less experienced clinicians equally consider these risk factors.
Castleman flare or COPD exacerbation— can biomarkers override availability bias?

Effective treatments for human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) have led to prolonged survival for this complex systemic lymphoproliferative inflammatory disease. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain for the recognition of disease exacerbations, particularly when overlapping with common comorbid conditions. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a 22-year history of MCD, current advanced COPD, and medication-controlled HIV. His recurrent presentations with flares of fatigue, worsening dyspnea, and productive cough were confusing to clinicians who were attempting to distinguish between exacerbations of MCD or COPD. Published biomarkers of MCD flare include HHV-8 and CRP, which were proposed by the patient to his clinicians as useful in guiding treatment. This case illustrates the value of patient insight as an antidote to the problem of availability bias.
Improvement in Rates of Smoking Cessation Education Provided to Families at Urban Primary Care Center in Columbus, Ohio

Background In Franklin County, Ohio, there are significant health disparities in infant mortality with non-Hispanic black infants dying 2.5 times more frequently than non-Hispanic white infants. About 21% of these deaths are related to sleep: a fact that highlights the importance of educating families on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and the practice of safe sleep. At Near East Primary Care Clinic through Nationwide Children’s Hospital, the patient population has a high proportion of black patients at 73% in 2018. Current efforts made to identify families who need safe sleep education are strong, but the efforts …
A novel noninvasive approach for evaluating work of breathing indices in a developmental rat model using respiratory inductance plethysmography

Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is an important component for evaluating the outcome of experimental rodent models of respiratory diseases. Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) provides a noninvasive method of PFT requiring minimal cooperation. RIP measures work of breathing (WOB) indices including phase angle (Ф), percent rib cage (RC %), breaths per minute (BPM), and labored breathing index (LBI) on an iPad. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a recently developed research instrument, pneuRIP, for evaluation of WOB indices in a developmental rat model. Sprague Dawley rats (2 months old) were commercially acquired and anaesthetised with isoflurane. The pneuRIP system uses two elastic bands: one band (RC) placed around the rib cage under the upper armpit and another band (AB) around the abdomen. The typical thoracoabdominal motion (TAM) plot showed the abdomen and rib cage motion in synchrony. The plots of phase angle and LBI as a function of data point number showed that values were within the range. The distribution for phase angle and LBI was within a narrow range. pneuRIP testing provided instantaneous PFT results. This study demonstrated the utility of RIP as a rapid, noninvasive approach for evaluating treatment interventions in the rodent model.
Vicarious Victimization, Negative Emotions, and Maladaptive Coping: Investigating the Role of Violent Peers.

According to general strain theory's (GST) vicarious strain hypothesis, individuals' behavior is influenced by witnessing or having knowledge of others' stressful experiences, especially those within their network. Drawing on Agnew's GST, the current study examines the relationship between peer victimization and violent offending, as well as the potential intervening factors in this relationship. The primary research questions are: (a) does vicarious strain occur through having friends who are victimized? And (b) what role does violent peers play in the coping process? Data for the analysis were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health's friendship network data. Results from multivariate analysis show that victimization of ones' friend (or peer victimization) is associated with depression as well as personal involvement in violent offending. This relationship, however, is fully mediated by depression. Regarding deviant peers, a three-way interaction effect was observed, specifically peer victimization, involvement with peers, and associating violent peers was a significant predictor of violent offending. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering the role of deviant peers in the coping process. Results lend support to Agnew's GST. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Study on the influence of conductor arrangement on the electromagnetic environment of DC transmission line constructed with AC transmission line in the same transmission line corridor

With the rapid development of China's economy and the construction of UHV power grid, transmission line corridors are increasingly strained, in some areas, several UHV lines even share the corridor in parallel. Because the AC transmission line will affect the corona state and ion movement of the DC transmission line, and then, the ground electric field distribution of DC transmission lines is affected, the electromagnetic environment of AC and DC lines constructing in same corridor deserves special attention. For the feasibility of the project, this paper established a simulation model, studied the ion flow and ground electric field distribution of DC transmission line when it is arranged horizontally and vertically(constructing on the same tower) with AC transmission line. Then influence of AC line on the surface electric field intensity of DC line and the shielding effect of AC line on ion flow of DC line were analyzed, we obtained the reasons for the influence of AC wires on DC wires in two configurations, based on the influence on electromagnetic environment, the advantages and disadvantages of the two configurations are compared. Finally, a practical example of 330kV AC line and ±500kV DC line constructed in parallel and in the same tower is established, the feasibility of constructing AC and DC line on the same tower is proved.
Progressive dystopia: abolition, antiblackness, + schooling in San Francisco: by Savannah Shange, Durham, Duke University Press, $25.95, 2019, 212pp., ISBN 9781478006688

“Progressive Dystopia” paints a self-portrait. Using San Francisco as its context and Robeson Justice Academy as its site, the text illustrates this pairing of terms. A former “program coordinator,...
Middle Ear Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature in Pediatric Population.

A rare pediatric case report of middle ear neuroendocrine tumor and review of the pediatric cases reported in the literature. A 16-year-old female showed a lesion occupying the posterosuperior part of the medial third of the right external auditory canal confirmed by computed tomography scan, without clear evidence of bone erosion. The patient underwent canal wall tympanoplasty in 1 stage. No residual pathology was present after 1 month, 3-6 months, and after 1 year. There are few known pediatric cases of this disease, there is no statistically significant data for this population regarding the risk of recurrence or metastasis. Middle ear neuroendocrine tumors are rare above all in children. They are slow aggressive tumors but they can recur and rarely give local metastasis. Only 4 pediatric cases have been published. We have completely removed the tumor in our patient, using a conservative surgical treatment in a single stage.
Identifying Manipulative Advertising Techniques in XR Through Scenario Construction

As Extended Reality (XR) devices and applications become more mainstream, so too will XR advertising — advertising that takes place in XR mediums. Due to the defining features of XR devices, such as the immersivity of the medium and the ability of XR devices to simulate reality, there are fears that these features could be exploited to create manipulative XR ads that trick consumers into buying products they do not need or might harm them. Using scenario construction, we investigate potential future incarnations of manipulative XR advertising and their harms. We identify five key mechanisms of manipulative XR advertising: misleading experience marketing; inducing artificial emotions in consumers; sensing and targeting people when they are vulnerable; emotional manipulation through hyperpersonalization; and distortion of reality. We discuss research challenges and questions in order to address and mitigate manipulative XR advertising risks.
White-tailed deer herbivory impacts on tree seedling and sapling abundance in the Lake States Region of the USA

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana Zimmermann) browsing reduces seedling and sapling abundance of more palatable winter woody browse such as Tsuga canadensis L. Carriere, Thuja occidentalis L., Betula alleghaniensis Britton, and Pinus strobus L. across the Lake States Region of the USA. White-tailed deer consume buds and twigs of tree seedlings and saplings as forage. Deer populations in the Lake States Region of the USA have increased over recent decades due to a decrease in predators and an increase in habitat fragmentation. Higher deer population densities present challenges to regeneration of tree species. The objective of this work was to quantify the effects of deer browsing on tree seedling and sapling abundance and species richness of woody tree species which vary in deer browse palatability. Deer browsing impact measurements from the tree regeneration indicator from the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to predict seedling and sapling abundance from overstory basal area and a deer browsing index in the Lake States Region. Overstory basal area was important in predicting seedling and sapling abundance for all species (p < 0.05). Deer browsing affected seedling and sapling abundance differently across species, with the most palatable species showing lower stocking or negligible effects with browse. Results support the importance of quantifying impacts of deer browsing for use in determining the survival and abundance of palatable species in the smallest size cohorts.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Issues and Some Answers for the U.S.A.

The principal issues regarding nuclear power center on reprocessing and recycling of spent fuel, deployment of breeder reactors, and waste disposal. Analysis of future energy needs using a minimum societal expectation approach indicates that economically recoverable domestic uranium resources probably will have been exhausted early in the next century. Even if speculative resources are assumed to become available, deployment of commercial breeders may be required in the 2010-2020 time frame. Accordingly, a vigorous breeder and fuel recycle research, development and demonstration (RD&D) program is needed at this time. The plutonium needs for current breeder RD&D projects are a matter of some concern. The estimated requirements for the period 1987-1995 range from 12 to 30 tons of plutonium. A facility for producing U-Pu oxide fuel subassemblies for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant must be operable by 1986 (there is no existing industrial capability for fabricating U-Pu fuels), and a pilot-scale breeder fuel reprocessing plant must be ready to accept CRBRP fuel in 1993. For waste disposal, an engineering-scale demonstration for high-level nuclear wastes is urgently needed.
New Dielectric Elastomers with Variable Moduli

Dielectric elastomers have been widely investigated for muscle-like soft actuators and capacitive sensors. Mechanical properties play a central role in the performances of the active material. Most elastomers have specific moduli pre-determined by the polymers' molecular structures, which are not suitable for applications in changing working conditions as natural muscles are capable of. Here new dielectric elastomers are described exhibiting variable moduli controlled via thermal treatment. The elastomers contain furan-maleimide Diels–Alder adduct moieties to administer the crosslinking densities of the elastomeric networks via reversible Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction, resulting in changes in the elastomers' moduli. One of the synthesized elastomers has moduli that can be controlled between 0.17 and 0.52 MPa incrementally and reversibly. Capacitive strain sensors based on this elastomer can be operated in both rigid and soft modes to achieve variable sensing response up to 30% linear strain. Actuators were fabricated and operated in both high strain mode (35% actuation area strain at 65 MV m−1) and high force output mode (0.55 MPa at 104 MV m−1). The elastomers can exhibit a range of stress–strain outputs in similar fashion as muscle.
Successive approximation radial basis function networks for nonlinear modeling and prediction

In the paper, a multilayer radial basis function network is proposed for nonlinear time series modeling and prediction. It uses successive approximations, first obtaining a number of coarse approximations, and then optimally linearly combining the coarsely defined functions to achieve an accurate end result. Compared with the conventional approaches using radial basis functions, the present method considerably reduces computation time, and can improve the predictive ability of radial basis function networks while retaining good training accuracy. The method is particularly useful for modeling and prediction of nearly cyclical nonlinear time series in the presence of observational noise. Numerical examples for chaotic time series and some classical real world time series are presented. It is shown that the successive approximation radial basis function network presented in the paper is a very useful tool for nonlinear modeling and prediction.
Meprin-A and -B: Cell surface endopeptidases of the mouse kidney

The proteinase meprin-A is a disulfide-linked tetramer of 90-kDa glycoprotein subunits. It is expressed at high levels in kidney brush border membranes of random bred and certain inbred strains of mice. Some mouse strains (e.g. C3H/He) do not express meprin-A subunits, but do produce a similar but less well characterized metalloendopeptidase, meprin-B. In the present study, meprin-B was purified from C3H/He mouse kidneys to electrophoretic homogeneity, and the relationship between it and meprin-A was investigated. The papain-solubilized form of meprin-B was similar to meprin-A in amino acid composition, molecular mass, secondary, and quaternary structure. However, immunoblots indicated that the enzymes have some common and some distinct epitopes. Lectin blots indicated both enzymes have high mannose and/or complex biantennary oligosaccharides, but there are differences in the complex-type glycosylation. Peptide maps and sequencing of cyanogen-bromide fragments of the enzymes revealed some different amino acid sequences. Thermal inactivation studies indicated that meprin-B was much less stable than meprin-A; the half-life for inactivation at 58 degrees C for meprin-A was 50 min, whereas for meprin-B it was less than 3 min. Both enzymes hydrolyzed azocasein and insulin B chain, but limited proteolysis of the enzymes with trypsin activated meprin-B 5-20-fold, whereas meprin-A was activated 2-fold at most. Analysis of hydrolysis products of the oxidized insulin B chain revealed some common and some distinct sites of cleavage. Bradykinin was a good substrate for meprin-A, while it was not hydrolyzed by meprin-B. A synthetic peptide, YLVC(SO3-)GERG, derived from insulin B chain was hydrolyzed faster by meprin-B than meprin-A, and neither enzyme was activated by trypsin treatment against this substrate. Taken together, the data indicate that the two metalloendopeptidases have many similarities but are distinct enzymes.
Irreducible Bases (Representations)

An irreducible basis (IRB) is the basis for the representations of the algebra, g, (and the associated group, G), and the basis upon which the elements of the algebra, X ρ ∈ g, act. It will be denoted by \(\mathcal{B}.\)
Proximity and Direction of Arrangement in Numeric Displays

Review of two earlier studies which compared vertical and horizontal arrangements of alphanumeric materials indicated doubt as to whether horizontal arrangements yielded superior performance. One study indicated no differences between horizontal and vertical arrangements, while a later study indicated that certain ways of arranging typewritten numbers resulted in superiority for horizontal groups. The present study used a visual comparison of numeric materials to examine the factors of proximity and direction of arrangement, and attempts to reconcile the differences in earlier experiments.
Treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma with hydroxychloroquine

A 45-year-old woman with generalized cutaneous pseudolymphoma of Spiegler-Fendt was successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine. It is felt that the suppression of lymphocyte and/or histiocyte function was responsible for the remission of the disease. This is apparently the first report of cutaneous pseudolymphoma of Spiegler-Fendt being successfully treated with antimalarials. The differentiation between cutaneous pseudolymphoma and cutaneous malignant lymphoma is also discussed.
Tissue-specific requirements for specific domains in the FERM protein Moe/Epb4.1l5 during early zebrafish development

The FERM domain containing protein Mosaic Eyes (Moe) interacts with Crumbs proteins, which are important regulators of apical identity and size. In zebrafish, loss-of-function mutations in moe result in defects in brain ventricle formation, retinal pigmented epithelium and neural retinal development, pericardial edema, and tail curvature. In humans and mice, there are two major alternately spliced isoforms of the Moe orthologue, Erythrocyte Protein Band 4.1-Like 5 (Epb4.1l5), which we have named Epb4.1l5long and Epb4.1l5short, that differ after the FERM domain. Interestingly, Moe and both Epb4.1l5 isoforms have a putative C' terminal Type-I PDZ-Binding Domain (PBD). We previously showed that the N' terminal FERM domain in Moe directly mediates interactions with Crumbs proteins and Nagie oko (Nok) in zebrafish, but the function of the C'terminal half of Moe/Epb4.1l5 has not yet been examined. To define functionally important domains in zebrafish Moe and murine Epb4.1l5, we tested whether injection of mRNAs encoding these proteins could rescue defects in zebrafish moe- embryos. Injection of either moe or epb4.1l5 long mRNA, but not epb4.1l5 short mRNA, could rescue moe- embryonic defects. We also tested whether mRNA encoding C' terminal truncations of Epb4.1l5long or chimeric constructs with reciprocal swaps of the isoform-specific PBDs could rescue moe- defects. We found that injection of the Epb4.1l5short chimera (Epb4.1l5short+long_PBD), containing the PBD from Epb4.1l5long, could rescue retinal and RPE defects in moe- mutants, but not brain ventricle formation. Injection of the Epb4.1l5long chimera (Epb4.1l5long+short_PBD), containing the PBD from Epb4.1l5short, rescued retinal defects, and to a large extent rescued RPE integrity. The only construct that caused a dominant phenotype in wild-type embryos, was Epb4.1l5long+short_PBD, which caused brain ventricle defects and edema that were similar to those observed in moe- mutants. Lastly, the morphology of rod photoreceptors in moe- mutants where embryonic defects were rescued by moe or epb4.1l5 long mRNA injection is abnormal and their outer segments are larger than normal. Taken together, the data reveal tissue specificity for the function of the PBD in Epb4.1l5long, and suggest that additional C' terminal sequences are important for zebrafish retinal development. Additionally, our data provide further evidence that Moe is a negative regulator of rod outer segment size.
Effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on gait kinematic parameters of stroke patients

Abstract The emotional and psychological benefits of musical experiences for human behavior are well documented by research in music therapy and psychology of music. It is also documented that music and rhythm have been utilized universally to accompany motor activity. The effect, however, of music and rhythm on motor activity including mechanics of hemiparetic gait has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on gait kinematic parameters of stroke patients. Eight subjects were studied over three trials. For each trial, a baseline walk without rhythm and a walk with rhythm as pacemaker, matched to the step cadence of the baseline walk, was videotaped with two 60 Hz videocameras. Three dimensional coordinates of ten body points were calculated by combining the images of the two cameras utilizing the direct linear transformation (DLT) method. The raw position data was digitally smoothed before being submitted to further analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests revealed positive modifications in gait patterns due to musical rhythmic cues; specifically: (1) the stride lengths and hip joint range of motion (ROM) of the affected/non-affected sides became more symmetrical; and (2) center of mass (CM) vertical displacement decreased. These results support the presence of an entrainment effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on hemiparetic gait.
In situ thin film growth stresses during chemical ordering.

The in situ growth stress and postgrowth stress relaxation during the $L{1}_{0}$ chemical ordering of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.54}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.46}$ thin films have been characterized. The compressive stress is reduced with an increase in order parameter. The postgrowth stress relaxation rate increased with the order parameter and is rationalized in terms of an increase in the interfacial energy contribution at the grain boundaries because of chemical order. Density functional theory calculations were performed to quantify possible diffusion pathways and binding energies for Fe and Pt that may mitigate surface migration.