cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tour Trends in Academic ARL Libraries

This study explores tour trends in academic Association of Research Libraries (ARL), specifically examining the prevalence of several tour formats, including guided, self-guided, and virtual Web tours. Results from a survey conducted in November 2000 include statistical information about tour administration, audience, and structure, as well as perceptions of librarians in the field. Although tours are still a standard service in most academic ARL libraries, few libraries have formalized methods of testing the efficacy of each format. With the exception of guided tours, librarians’ perceptions of tour effectiveness are dramatically inconsistent with the types of tours they choose to offer.
Quality estimation of subdurally recorded, event-related potentials based on signal-to-noise ratio

Our goal is to develop a direct brain interface (DBI) that will provide communication and environmental control to persons who are "locked-in" (or nearly so) as a consequence of brainstem stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or other etiologies. Previously we demonstrated that templates constructed from trigger averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) can be cross-correlated with ongoing electrocorticograms (ECoGs) to detect ERPs associated with the performance of simple motor actions. However, it was difficult to predict a priori which of many candidate ECoG recording site(s) could provide signals that would provide adequate motor action detection. We present here a measure of ERP quality based on an estimate of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) associated with the formation of an ERP template from the performance of consecutive voluntary actions. Detection-theory-based receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) and a database of ECoGs (6000+) recorded from the cortical surface of awake human subjects were used to assess the usefulness of the SNR technique. The SNR method was found to predict the detection efficacy of ERPs when characterized over a wide parameter range, with the majority of ROC curve areas greater than 90%. This method was compared with our previously developed quality measure (the peak-to-baseline ratio) and found to provide significantly better performance (ROC area differences from 4.4% to 13.7%). Thus, the SNR estimate of the ERP is a useful tool to predict the efficacy of ERP templates for cross-correlation-based detection and assist in the selection of viable ERP templates for DBI applications.
Imaging of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

The past decade has seen a shift in the imaging paradigm for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) from a combination of clinical acumen, ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, and conventional pulmonary angiography to computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The ability to perform CT rapidly with direct visualization of thrombi allows for rapid and reliable diagnosis or exclusion of PE in the vast majority of cases. In the same setting, CT can provide information on right heart function, offer an evaluation of the deep venous system through indirect CT venography, as well as allow for the detection of alternative diagnoses that may account for the patient’s symptoms. Published experience with CTPA has established that a negative result reliably excludes clinically significant PE in more than 98% of cases. As a result, CT has become the preferred first-line imaging test in the evaluation of suspected acute PE.
A Step Beyond Maternal Depression and Child Behavior Problems: The Role of Mother–Child Aggression

Previous researchers have identified problematic mother-child interaction patterns as a potential pathway through which maternal depressive symptoms impact child behavior problems, but could not establish the temporal precedence of these associations. This longitudinal study investigated mother-child aggression as a mechanism in the association between maternal depressive symptoms that occurred during infancy and subsequent child behavior problems among high-risk families. Two hundred thirty-four socioeconomically disadvantaged families were recruited from neighborhoods with high rates of family violence. During infancy (12-18 months), early childhood (4 years), and middle childhood (6 years), mothers reported their current depressive symptoms and use of psychological and physical aggression with their child. During early and middle childhood, mothers reported their children's behavior problems. Using path analyses, a temporal process was identified in which mother-child aggression during early childhood mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms during infancy and higher levels of externalizing behavior problems during middle childhood. Mother--child aggression did not mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms during infancy and higher levels of internalizing behavior problems during middle childhood. Early maternal depressive symptoms that occur during infancy are important risk factors for subsequent mother-child aggression, which, in turn, contributes to more child externalizing behavior problems. Therefore, screening mothers for depressive symptoms and providing intervention and prevention services to improve mother-child interactions may be crucial to preventing the exacerbation of externalizing behavior problems. Additional research is needed to identify pathways to child internalizing behavior problems.
General Motors Onstar

In the drive to create the wired automobile, General Motors (GM) developed the OnStar system, a subscription-based, wireless, dashboard communication service that provides numerous safety and convenience features, from emergency assistance to remote door unlocking to hotel reservations. This case explores several key questions that GM faced regarding its market-leading telematics system. Should it syndicate OnStar, or was it of more value to the company as an exclusive feature? Should the OnStar division be spun off? Will telematics devices become standard for all vehicles, and if so, how would this affect decision making regarding OnStar?
Kinetic analysis of the mechanochemical syntheses of dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium

ABSTRACTKinetic models for the ‘molecular’ mechanochemical syntheses of α- and β-dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium (PdLnI2, where n specifies the number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the ligand and α and β refer to the substitution of the alkyl chain) are explored. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Yerofeev–Kolmogrov (JMAYK) model was determined to best fit the data obtained via 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixtures over time. A rate enhancement, and corresponding increase in the Avrami exponent, was observed when the complex formed was liquid crystalline at milling temperatures.
Measurement of Effective Longitudinal Piezoelectric Coefficient of thin Films by Direct Piezoelectric Effect

This paper presents a new method for the measurement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of piezoelectric thin films using the direct piezoelectric effect. A uniform uniaxial stress was applied to the piezoelectric thin film by high-pressure gas and the induced charge was collected and measured by a charge integrator. The effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 52/48 thin films made by sol-gel processing was measured by this method. Undoped films typically have d33 values of ∼ 5 pC/N, while poled films have values up to 220 pC/N.
354 TREATMENT OF A RECURRENT AND INTRACTABLE KELOID WITH EXCISION AND PLACEMENT OF INTEGRA DERMAL MATRIX: RESULTS AND RATIONALE.

Introduction Integra dermal matrix (Integra Life Sciences Corp., Plainsboro, NJ), introduced by Burke and Yannas in 1981, has been well established as an efficacious treatment option in the management of burn injuries. Its use has expanded beyond burn surgery to include other situations where full-thickness skin coverage is necessary. The acceptable cosmetic results commonly obtained through the use of Integra have prompted research into additional areas where minimal scarring is a priority. Case Description A 47-year-old African American male with a large recurrent keloid of the upper chest and lower neck region underwent surgical excision of the keloid and placement of Integra without the need for subsequent skin grafting after multiple other treatment modalities had failed. At 1 year postoperatively there were no indications of keloid recurrence and the regenerated dermal tissue demonstrated smoothness, pliability, and other acceptable cosmetic features characteristic of the use of Integra. Discussion Integra is produced as a type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate matrix, which plays a significant role in reducing the inflammatory response to the wound. This prevents fibroblast activity from accelerating beyond the control of the wound repair mechanisms and in turn prevents the formation of excessive scar tissue. Immunologic studies have shown that the specific combination of collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate results in a dampened immune response, thereby lowering the inflammatory drive. In addition, histologic studies have shown that chondroitin-6-sulfate prevents platelet aggregation and degranulation by blocking the platelet binding sites on the collagen fibers. Without this important first step in the inflammatory response the wound healing process can proceed at a self-regulating pace without the resulting hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation.
Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cardiotonic Steroids 19-Hydroxysarmentogenin and Trewianin Aglycone

The expedient and scalable approach to cardiotonic steroids carrying oxygenation at the C11- and C19-positions has been developed and applied to the total asymmetric synthesis of steroids 19-hydroxysarmentogenin and trewianin aglycone as well as to the assembly of the panogenin core. This new approach features enantioselective organocatalytic oxidation of an aldehyde, diastereoselective Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed Michael reaction/tandem aldol cyclizations, and one-pot reduction/transposition reactions allowing a rapid (7 linear steps) assembly of a functionalized cardenolide skeleton. The ability to quickly set this steroidal core with preinstalled functional handles and diversity elements eliminates the need for difficult downstream functionalizations and substantially improves the accessibility to the entire class of cardenolides and their derivatives for biological evaluation.
Price Impact Possibilities

In Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2398 (2014) (“Halliburton II”), the Supreme Court held that defendants could rebut the fraud-on-the-market presumption of reliance at class certification by showing the absence of “price impact.” In the wake of Halliburton II, courts and scholars have wrestled with the focus of the price impact inquiry: assuming that the case involves an unduly positive statement, does the price impact inquiry focus on the existence of a price increase at the time of the statement, a price drop upon the disclosure of the truth, or both?In this essay, I seek to provide guidance on the appropriate focus of the price impact analysis. First, I argue that “price impact” is best understood as “price distortion,” such that it requires a comparison with the no-fraud counterfactual scenario. Second, I propose a taxonomy to aid in the identification of the appropriate counterfactual. I argue that the price impact analysis depends on (1) whether the alleged misrepresentation is classified as a Misdirecting, Inflating, Aggrandizing, Confirming, or Soft-Landing Misrepresentation; and (2) whether the alleged misrepresentation is Type A (because the defendant had a duty to speak) or Type B (because the defendant could merely have remained silent). Third, combining these variables, I contend that there are ten price impact possibilities and that the focus of the price impact inquiry depends on which scenario is alleged.
Treatment of Surgical Scars with Laser Therapy

Numerous lasers and other energy-based devices have been explored in the treatment of scarring. The following review of the literature examines types of post-operative scarring, features that distinguish scars from normal skin, the pathogenesis of these skin changes, the evidence for laser and other energy-based modalities in the treatment of postsurgical scars, scar prevention using lasers, and future directions for therapy. Utilization of laser and light-based therapies can induce scar remodeling and significantly improve scar appearance. Pulse dye lasers have been the mainstay in laser-based scar therapy. Fractional lasers have provided a major breakthrough in the treatment of scars in all skin types. Based on current research, the most efficacious laser therapies include pulsed dye laser for erythematous, hypertrophic, or keloidal scars; fractional non-ablative lasers for atrophic, hypopigmented scars in almost all skin types; and fractional ablative lasers for patients and clinicians who wish to maximize scar improvements while reducing downtime relative to fully ablative laser technologies.
Are positive appraisals always adaptive

The authors provide an original and integrative framework for understanding the complex array of factors that contribute to resilience. Their faith in the uniform benefits of positive appraisals neglects the potential costs of overly positive appraisals, however. As a result, their theory may have difficulty capturing the complexity of appraisal's role in determining resilience.
Chapter 20 – Additional Topics on Optimum Design

In this chapter, some additional topics that are useful for practical applications of optimization are presented. The concept of meta-models is explained. It involves developing simplified models for complex analysis problems. For this, the response surface method (RSM) is presented and illustrated. Design of experiments is explained, which can help in determining the sample points for development of meta-models. The ideas of orthogonal arrays and discrete design using orthogonal arrays are explained and illustrated. Then the robust design approach, developed by Taguchi in 1980s, is presented and illustrated. This approach has many practical applications and has been used in many industries to produce robust designs and processes. Finally, the topic of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is presented. The basic ideas of design under uncertainty are presented. Background material related to this topic is also reviewed. Calculation of reliability index for structural design problems is explained and illustrated.
Achievable Rate Region for Downlink Beamforming in the Presence of Interference

We study in this paper optimal signaling for downlink transmission with mutual interference. Restricting each receiver to a single user detector, we show that computing the achievable rate region amounts to solving a family of non- convex optimization problems. Recognizing the intrinsic connection between the signal power at the intended receiver and the interference power at the unintended receiver, we convert the original family of non-convex optimization problems into a new family of convex optimization. Closed-form solutions to this new family of optimization problems are derived. Interestingly, with multiple-antenna transmitters and single-antenna receivers, the optimal downlink transmission with interference always reduces to a simple beamforming scheme. Finally, we note that similar procedure can be devised for systems with more than two pairs of mutually interfering users.
Macromolecular crowders and osmolytes modulate the structural and catalytic properties of alkaline molten globular 5-aminolevulinate synthase

The molten globule state is a dynamic ensemble of conformational subsets, where proteins lack well-defined tertiary structure, but retain native-like content of secondary structure and a relatively compact fold. Using various spectroscopic techniques, we characterized the effects of macromolecular crowders and osmolytes on the structural and catalytic properties of the alkaline molten globule state of murine erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase (mALAS2alk defined at pH 9.5/37 °C). The tertiary structure rigidity of mALAS2alk, as discerned from near-UV circular dichroic (CD) measurements, increased in the presence of the osmolytes N-trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and glycerol. In contrast, the macromolecular crowders Dextran 200 and Ficoll 400, even at concentrations of 20% (w/v), were far less effective in rigidifying the tertiary structure. At this concentration of Dextran 200, the far-UV ellipticity of mALAS2alk intensified, implicating stabilization of secondary structural elements in the crowded environment. Furthermore, in the presence of Dextran, the solubility of mALAS2alk strongly depended on the molar concentration of the AMPSO buffer, suggesting changes in the surface hydration of the enzyme. Through ligand-induced enhancement of the tertiary structure rigidity, the solubility of mALAS2alk increased under crowded conditions that otherwise favored precipitation of the holoenzyme. The kcat value of mALAS2alk (pH 9.5/37 °C) increased significantly upon the addition of cosolvents, although the rates remained lower than the kcat determined under physiological conditions (pH 7.5/37 °C). Our data suggest that the molecular properties of at least some molten globular proteins might be modulated within the highly crowded and osmolyte enriched intracellular environment.
Learning population-level diffusions with generative recurrent networks

We estimate stochastic processes that govern the dynamics of evolving populations such as cell differentiation. The problem is challenging since longitudinal trajectory measurements of individuals in a population are rarely available due to experimental cost and/or privacy. We show that cross-sectional samples from an evolving population suffice for recovery within a class of processes even if samples are available only at a few distinct time points. We provide a stratified analysis of recoverability conditions, and establish that reversibility is sufficient for recoverability. For estimation, we derive a natural loss and regularization, and parameterize the processes as diffusive recurrent neural networks. We demonstrate the approach in the context of uncovering complex cellular dynamics known as the 'epigenetic landscape' from existing biological assays.
Strategies for the preservation of rare plants

Preservation of the habitat is the only logical strategy to save endangered species from early extinction. Ecological amplitudes of rare species are very narrow, so transplantation to such alien sites as botanical gardens is not a solution. Protection may not be the answer. We must learn as much as we can about the biology of the species in question, in the field and under laboratory conditions. The first steps must be to determine the distribution. This would be followed by analysis of soils by means of physical and chemical studies. Pollination ecology, associated species, phenological records, and genetic and cytological studies must be a part of the biological studies. Such studies would require teamwork by qualified botanists.
Global health ethics and professionalism education at medical schools.

Medical institutions and individual students each have responsibilities when preparing for global health electives. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Serial Anticipation and Transfer in Reversed Series with Rats

Rats were trained in a runway with one of two serial patterns of reward. In one series, the five successive runs of the series ended in 14, 9, 1, 1, and 0.045-g pellets of reward respectively (14-9-1-1-0). The other series was 14-5-5-1-0. Intervals between runs within a series were about 20 s, and intervals between the series, which were administered twice each day, were about 20 min. After 12 training days, the series were reversed (0-1-1-9-14 and 0-1-5-5-14), and reversal training continued for 6 days. Rats trained with the 14-9-1-1-0 series quickly developed correct anticipation of the terminal 0-pellet element of the series, but training with the 14-5-5-1-0 series never produced clear anticipation. The initial effect of the reversal was a disruption, evidenced by slow running on the middle run of both series, but that disruption gave way eventually to correct anticipation of the initial 0-pellet element in both series.
The Role of the Environment in Chemical Reactions

The last decade has seen a renaissance in the study, both experimental and theoretical, of chemical reactions in solution1, 2. Naturally, a focus of these studies is the determination of the role of the solvent in affecting the rate constant for the chemical process. Here we attempt to give a very brief glimpse at some of the ideas and results that have emerged. We restrict the discussion exclusively to reactions in solution (and even then, to a very few topics). But it is likely that, at least in a general way, similar ideas should ultimately prove useful in the context of understanding enzyme catalysis rates.
A Tunable 5–7 GHz Distributed Active Quasi-Circulator With 18-dBm Output Power in CMOS SOI

Circulators and quasi-circulators (QCs) have a tradeoff between maximum isolation and bandwidth. We present a tunable distributed active circuit to achieve high isolation over a wide frequency range. The reported QC provides more than 40-dB suppression between transmit (TX) output signal at the antenna and TX leakage into the receive (RX) port over a tuning range of 5.3–7.3 GHz in small-signal operation. Large-signal TX-RX suppression is optimized across power level. The TX output achieves peak power of 18 dBm and 12% power-added efficiency at 6.3 GHz. The QC is designed in a high-resistivity 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator process and occupies an area of $1.62~ \text {mm} \times 0.97~ \text {mm}$ .
Predicting Breast Cancer Risk: A Data Mining Approach

Early prediction of breast cancer plays a critical role in successful treatment and saving lives of thousands of patients every year. Although massive clinical data related to the patients is being collected and stored by healthcare organizations, only a small subset of the predictive factors has been used in predicting outcomes. Most of the existing approaches focus on applying statistical techniques on small set of attributes recommended by the domain-experts disease diagnostics. These conventional approaches usually make unrealistic assumptions, e.g., normality, independence or linearity relationships, which may not be always true in practical data. On the other hand, advanced statistical approaches may address some of the above shortcomings; however, they are computationally expensive and may not applicable to massive datasets. In this study, we use a data mining approach which offers significant advantages over conventional techniques to address the existing limitations. Our data-driven approach can efficiently process clinical dataset to discover patterns and reveal hidden information for early detection and successfully treatment of breast cancer patients.
Visualizing serverless cloud application logs for program understanding

A cloud platform records a wealth of information regarding program execution. Most cloud service providers offer dashboard monitoring tools that visualize resource usage and billing information, and support debugging. In this paper, we present a tool that visualizes cloud execution logs for a different goal — to facilitate program understanding and generate documentations for an application using runtime data. Our tool introduces a new timeline visualization, a new method and user interface to summarize multiple JSON objects and present the result, and interaction techniques that facilitate navigating among functions. Together, these features explain a serverless cloud application's composition, performance, dataflow and data schema. We report some initial user feedback from several expert developers that were involved in the tool's design and development process.
A Prediction Model for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Laboring Patients at Term.

Objective To determine the factors associated with severe maternal morbidity in a modern cohort of women laboring at term and to create a prediction model. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all term, laboring patients with live births at a single tertiary care center from 2004 to 2014. The primary outcome was composite maternal morbidity including organ failure, amniotic fluid embolism, anesthesia complications, sepsis, shock, thrombotic events, transfusion, or hysterectomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Antepartum, intrapartum, and combined risk scores were created and test characteristics were analyzed. Results Among 19,249 women delivering during the study period, 323 (1.68%) patients experienced severe morbidity, with blood transfusion the most common complication (286, 1.49%). Factors in the antepartum model included advanced maternal age, race, hypertension, nulliparity, history of cesarean delivery, smoking, and unfavorable Bishop score. Intrapartum factors included mode of delivery, use of cervical ripening agents or oxytocin, prolonged second stage, and macrosomia. The combined model had an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73, 0.79). Conclusion This three-part risk scoring system can help clinicians counsel patients and guide clinical decision making for anticipating severe maternal morbidity and necessary resources.
Strategies for the Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Infection as a Public Health Threat in the United States

Direct-acting antiviral regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection became available in 2014, and these highly curative therapies have the potential to reduce HCV-associated morbidity and mortality, decrease HCV transmission, and eliminate HCV infection as a public health problem. This review summarizes the recommendations by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for a US strategy for HCV elimination. To achieve proposed targets of reducing HCV incidence by 90% and decreasing HCV-related mortality by 60% by 2030, there is a critical need to improve HCV diagnosis and linkage to care, reduce HCV-related disease by antiviral treatment scale-up, reduce HCV incidence, and strengthen HCV surveillance to determine achievement of HCV elimination targets over time. While HCV elimination is feasible, success of this national effort will require ongoing collaboration and critical resource investment by key stakeholders, including medical and public health communities, legislators, community organizers, and patient advocates.
Genetic Control of Complex Bacteriophage Assembly

Assembly of complex bacterial viruses has been investigated intensively during the past decade, revealing, in rich detail, the explicit steps from the information stored in genes to the formation of three-dimensional structure. Research in this area has been motivated by curiosity about virus assembly as an important aspect of virus multiplication, as well as by the conviction that knowledge of the genetic control of viral morphogenesis would provide a foundation for approaching the more difficult problems of the assembly of organelles in higher organisms. Although basic questions remain to be answered about bacteriophage assembly, a great deal already has been learned, primarily because of the convenience of bacteriophages as genetically, biochemically, and structurally accessible experimental systems.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Support Clinical Pharmacogenomics

The implementation of pharmacogenomics can improve the efficacy of therapeutic drugs while reducing the incidence of side effects and drug toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is well accepted and widely practiced for many drugs and is also relevant for drugs for which pharmacogenomic testing is needed. Tamoxefin is metabolized by CYP 2D6 to endoxifen, clopidogrel by CYP 2C19 to thiol-containing active metabolite, and opioid drugs by 2D6 to morphine and other metabolites. For these drugs, genetic testing can be used to predict efficacy for breast cancer outcomes, freedom from cardiovascular events, and adequate pain control, respectively. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be used to determine drug compliance, especially for the opioids which have street value and can be diverted as a drug of abuse. Drug levels can be used to titrate drug dosage for individuals who are shown to be sub-therapeutic. TDM can also improve efficacy for tamoxifen for patients taking drug inhibitors, and be useful for determining the mechanism of clopidogrel resistance (i.e., pharmacokinetics vs. pharmacodynamics). Since there are no specific immunoassays for these drugs and metabolites for serum measurements, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric methods will be necessary to implement TDM.
Bismuth Subalicylate Therapy of Viral Gastroenteritis

The therapeutic efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate was examined in a randomized double-blind fashion in 59 volunteers who were inoculated with Norwalk agent. Sixty-eight percent of the volunteers demonstrated seroconversion; 57% became ill. The severity and duration of the illness in 32 volunteers in the treatment and placebo groups were compared. Significant reduction in the severity and duration of abdominal cramps (P P > 0.05).
A deep learning approach to identifying source code in images and video

While substantial progress has been made in mining code on an Internet scale, efforts to date have been overwhelmingly focused on data sets where source code is represented natively as text. Large volumes of source code available online and embedded in technical videos have remained largely unexplored, due in part to the complexity of extraction when code is represented with images. Existing approaches to code extraction and indexing in this environment rely heavily on computationally intense optical character recognition. To improve the ease and efficiency of identifying this embedded code, as well as identifying similar code examples, we develop a deep learning solution based on convolutional neural networks and autoencoders. Focusing on Java for proof of concept, our technique is able to identify the presence of typeset and handwritten source code in thousands of video images with 85.6%-98.6% accuracy based on syntactic and contextual features learned through deep architectures. When combined with traditional approaches, this provides a more scalable basis for video indexing that can be incorporated into existing software search and mining tools.
Home-based exergaming among children with overweight and obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

Background Given children's low levels of physical activity and high prevalence of obesity, there is an urgent need to identify innovative physical activity options. Objective This study aims to test the effectiveness of exergaming (video gaming that involves physical activity) to reduce children's adiposity and improve cardiometabolic health. Methods This randomized controlled trial assigned 46 children with overweight/obesity to a 24-week exergaming or control condition. Intervention participants were provided a gaming console with exergames, a gameplay curriculum (1 h per session, three times a week) and video chat sessions with a fitness coach (telehealth coaching). Control participants were provided the exergames following final clinic visit. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z-score. Secondary outcomes were fat mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and cardiometabolic health metrics. Results Half of the participants were girls, and 57% were African-American. Intervention adherence was 94.4%, and children's ratings of acceptability and enjoyment were high. The intervention group significantly reduced BMI z-score excluding one control outlier (intervention [standard error] vs. control [standard error]: -0.06 [0.03] vs. 0.03 [0.03], p = 0.016) with a marginal difference in intent-to-treat analysis (-0.06 [0.03] vs. 0.02 [0.03], p = 0.065). Compared with control, the intervention group improved systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (all p values Conclusions Exergaming at home elicited high adherence and improved children's BMI z-score, cardiometabolic health and physical activity levels. Exergaming with social support may be promoted as an exercise option for children.
The Close Binary Fraction of Solar-type Stars Is Strongly Anticorrelated with Metallicity

NASA's Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship program [PF5-160139]; National Science Foundation [AST-1410174]; NASA [ATP-140078, ATP-170070]
Bridging the Gap Between the Classroom and the Clerkship: A Clinical Reasoning Curriculum for Third-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Clinical reasoning is the complex cognitive process that drives the diagnosis of disease and treatment of patients. There is a national call for medical educators to develop clinical r...
Internships in the Libraries

Student internships in the Baldwin Library have varied in format and research topic. Undergraduate student internships focus more on the inner workings of special collections librarianship and exhibition creation, while graduate student internships have ranged from course development to new digitization practices. This article profiles two student internships in the Baldwin Library.
Bis(imino)pyridine iron complexes for catalytic carbene transfer reactions

The bis(imino)pyridine iron complex, for the first time, is developed as an effective metal carbene catalyst for carbene transfer reactions of donor-acceptor diazo compounds. Its broad catalytic capability is demonstrated by a range of metal carbene reactions, from cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, epoxidation, and Doyle-Kirmse reaction to O-H insertion, N-H insertion, and C-H insertion reactions. The asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene and methyl phenyldiazoacetate was successfully achieved by the new chiral bis(imino)pyridine iron catalyst, which delivers a new gateway for the development of chiral iron catalysis for metal carbene reactions.
What is Terrorism

For the moral assessment of terrorism and counterterrorism, one needs a real descriptive definition of terrorism to identify one’s subject matter and avoid misunderstanding. It is a mistake to omit violence from one’s definition both because this is entrenched in ordinary language and because this is a crucial wrong-making characteristic of terrorism. However, one need not limit terrorism to political violence because one can treat political terrorism as one species of terrorism more broadly defined. For moral purposes, one should define terrorism as the attempt to coerce an indirect target by means of terror produced by the use or threat of violence against a direct target. Although it is true that terrorism can have a wide variety of purposes, not all of them are essential to its nature. It prejudices one’s moral judgment of terrorism if one defines it as an attack upon the innocent because this suggests that it should be judged simply in terms of just war theory rather than a wider range of relevant moral reasons. To limit terrorism to the systematic use of violence ignores the moral similarity to such acts as kidnapping.
Determining the Association Between End-of-Life Care Resources and Patient Outcomes in Pennsylvania ICUs.

Objectives As ICUs are increasingly a site of end-of-life care, many have adopted end-of-life care resources. We sought to determine the association of such resources with outcomes of ICU patients. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Pennsylvania ICUs. Patients Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. Interventions Availability of any of one hospital-based resource (palliative care consultants) or four ICU-based resources (protocol for withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, triggers for automated palliative care consultation, protocol for family meetings, and palliative care clinicians embedded in ICU rounds). Measurements and main results In mixed-effects regression analyses, admission to a hospital with end-of-life resources was not associated with mortality, length of stay, or treatment intensity (mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, artificial nutrition, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation); however, it was associated with a higher likelihood of discharge to hospice (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11-2.24), an effect that was driven by ICU-based resources (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04-1.81) rather than hospital-based resources (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.83-1.71). Instrumental variable analysis using differential distance (defined as the additional travel distance beyond the hospital closest to a patient's home needed to reach a hospital with end-of-life resources) demonstrated that among those for whom differential distance would influence receipt of end-of-life resources, admission to a hospital with such resources was not associated with any outcome. Conclusions ICU-based end-of-life care resources do not appear to change mortality but are associated with increased hospice utilization. Given that this finding was not confirmed by the instrumental variable analysis, future studies should attempt to verify this finding, and identify specific resources or processes of care that impact the care of ICU patients at the end of life.
Analysis and Synthesis

Data analysis is a challenging stage of the integrative review process as it requires the reviewer to synthesize data from diverse methodological sources. Although established approaches to data analysis and synthesis of integrative review findings continue to evolve, adherence to systematic methods during this stage is essential to mitigating potential bias. The use of rigorous and transparent data analysis methods facilitates an evidence synthesis that can be confidently incorporated into practice. This chapter discusses strategies for data analysis including creating a data matrix and presents inductive analysis approaches to support the integration and interpretation of data from a body of literature. This chapter also discusses the presentation of results and includes examples of narrative and thematic syntheses from recently published integrative reviews.
Transmission properties of modulated origami phononic structure at dirac points (Conference Presentation)

Inspired by the presence of a Dirac cone in the band structure of graphene, researches have studied and produced phononic crystals with Dirac-like behaviors. Using Dirac physics, researchers have developed topological systems, zero-index materials, and one-way wave propagation. However, the interesting phenomena produced by these structures produce narrow band results and are difficult to physically implement. Using a reconfigurable origami structure, this research aims to illuminate the effects of phononic lattice perturbation on lattice degeneracies.
To Protect Against Standing Armies

The chapter is focused on Jefferson’s proposal to Madison that the US Constitution, as it proceeded toward ratification, should include an amendment “to protect against standing armies.” The historical context of anti-standing army ideology is described along with Jefferson’s own criticisms of this “monarchical” institution and tradition. Jefferson’s concerns about the dangers that standing armies would pose to the new nation are enumerated in the larger context of Dwight Eisenhower’s farewell address (1961), which similarly outlined the dangers of the so-called military-industrial complex. The moral spirit underlying Jefferson’s amendment proposal is bracketed and theorized as something that might be recovered and deployed as a pedagogical tool to raise awareness of America’s increasingly militarized national identity. The Edward Snowden controversy is interpreted through the lens of Jefferson’s anti-militaristic moral spirit, concluding here that Snowden would qualify as a good citizen despite his “lawless” actions.
Pilot study to reduce interdialytic weight gain by provision of low-sodium, home-delivered meals in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction Patients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy are routinely counseled to reduce dietary sodium intake to ameliorate sodium retention, volume overload, and hypertension. However, low-sodium diet trials in HD are sparse and indicate that dietary education and behavioral counseling are ineffective in reducing sodium intake. This study aimed to determine whether 4 weeks of low-sodium, home-delivered meals in HD patients reduces interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary sodium intake, thirst, xerostomia, blood pressure, volume overload, and muscle sodium concentration. Methods Twenty HD patients (55 ± 12 years, body mass index [BMI] 40.7 ± 16.6 kg/m2 ) were enrolled in this study. Participants followed a usual (control) diet for the first 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of three low-sodium, home-delivered meals per day. We measured IDWG, hydration status (bioimpedance), standardized blood pressure (BP), food intake (3-day dietary recall), and muscle sodium (magnetic resonance imaging) at baseline (0 M), after the 4-week period of usual diet (1 M), and after the meal intervention (2 M). Findings The low-sodium meal intervention significantly reduced IDWG when compared to the control period (-0.82 ± 0.14 kg; 95% confidence interval, -0.55 to -1.08 kg; P 0.05). Discussion Low-sodium, home-meal delivery appears to be an effective method for improving volume control and blood pressure in HD patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to examine the long-term effects of home-delivered meals on these outcomes and to assess cost-effectiveness.
Homeschooling for Quarantined Residents: A Virtual Back to the Basics Curriculum

Introduction The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in local and institutional restrictions with significant effects on the clinical environment for graduate medical education, displacing residents from non-emergency medicine (EM) based rotations. Additionally, resident physicians considered patients under investigation (PUI) were furloughed from clinical practice. The necessity for supplemental learning in a virtual setting prompted the development of an online homeschooling curriculum that incorporated back to the basics textbook learning, application, and retention via virtual sessions for the quarantined and furloughed learners. Methods An online homeschooling curriculum was developed to replace the cancelled clinical experiences for EM residents and for those who were quarantined utilizing Google Classroom and Zoom teleconference software. After completion of their quarantine or return to normal rotation schedule, residents were asked to evaluate the homeschooling curriculum using an anonymous survey. Results A total of 12 residents participated in the homeschooling program over eight weeks during the spring of 2020. Of the nine residents surveyed, 88.8% percent felt the homeschooling added to their knowledge of EM, 100% found the online format easy to use, and 88.8% stated it helped maintain a sense of social connection to peers and faculty. Conclusion An online homeschooling program was considered an effective means of providing an opportunity for synchronous and continuous education for EM resident physicians. This program could be sustainable long term to fill in knowledge gaps or supplement remediation in emergency resident education, post pandemic.
Você não vai morrer sozinho: tecnologia e compaixão na pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: Mostrar como o uso da tecnologia na comunicacao, tem contribuido para promover o dialogo e a compaixao no atendimento ao paciente, minimizando o isolamento e facilitando a comunicacao com entes queridos no fim da vida. Metodo: Estudo baseado num artigo de opiniao. Resultados: Estudo aponta o uso do Face Time como importante ferramenta de comunicacao, durante o cuidado aos pacientes internados em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo e seus familiares. Consideracoes Finais: Os cuidados de Enfermagem em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo com o uso de tecnologias de comunicacao favorecem a afetividade entre cliente-familia-enfermeira, alem de estimular a compaixao e a empatia. Descritores: Enfermagem; Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida; Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida; Empatia; Infecao por Coronavirus. YOU WON'T DIE ALONE: TECHNOLOGY AND COMPASSION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Objective: to describe how the use of technology in communication has contributed to promote dialogue and compassion in patient care, minimizing isolation and facilitating communication with loved ones at the end of life. Method: Study based on an opinion article. Results: A study points to the use of Face Time as an important communication tool, during the care of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and their families. Final Considerations: Nursing care in the Intensive Care Unit with the use of communication technologies favors affection between client-family-nurse, in addition to stimulating compassion and empathy. Descriptors : Nursing; Hospice Care; Hospice and Palliative Nursing Care; Empathy; Coronavirus Infections. NO MORIRAS SOLO: TECNOLOGIA Y COMPASION EN LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 Objetivo: mostrar como el uso de la tecnologia en la comunicacion ha contribuido a promover el dialogo y la compasion en la atencion al paciente, minimizando el aislamiento y facilitando la comunicacion con los seres queridos al final de la vida. Metodo: Estudio basado en un articulo de opinion. Resultados: Un estudio senala el uso de Face Time como una herramienta de comunicacion importante, durante la atencion de pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y sus familias. Consideraciones finales: La atencion de enfermeria en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con el uso de tecnologias de comunicacion favorece el afecto entre el cliente-familia-enfermera, ademas de estimular la compasion y la empatia. Descriptores: Enfermeria; Cuidados Paliativos al Final de la Vida; Enfermeria de Cuidados Paliativos al Final de la Vida; Empatia; Infecciones por Coronavirus.
A Hexapodal Capsule for the Recognition of Anions.

We herein describe the preparation, characterization, and recognition characteristics of novel hexapodal capsule 1 composed of two benzenes joined by six hydrogen bonding (HB) groups to encircle sp...
Buffer concentration dramatically affects the stability of S-nitrosothiols in aqueous solutions.

Abstract S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are an important group of nitric oxide (NO)-donating compounds with low toxicity and wide biomedical applications. In this paper, we, for the first time, demonstrate that the concentration of buffer remarkably affects the stability of RSNOs including naturally occurring S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and synthetic S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). For a solution with a high concentration of GSNO (e.g., 50 mM) and an initial near-neutral pH, the optimal buffer concentration is close to the GSNO concentration under our experimental conditions. A lower buffer concentration does not have adequate buffer capacity to resist the pH drop caused by GSNO decomposition. The decreased solution pH further accelerates GSNO decomposition because GSNO is most stable at near-neutral pH according to our density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A higher-than-optimal buffer concentration also reduces the GSNO stability because buffer ingredients including phosphate, Tris base, and HEPES consume NO/N2O3. In contrast to GSNO, the highest SNAP stability is obtained when the starting solution at a neutral pH does not contain buffer species, and the stability decreases as the buffer concentration increases. This is because SNAP is more stable at mildly acidic pH and the SNAP decomposition-induced pH drop stabilizes the donor. When the RSNO concentration is low (e.g., 1 mM), the buffer concentration also matters because any excess buffer accelerates the donor decomposition. Since the effect of buffer concentration was previously overlooked and suboptimal buffer concentrations were often used, this paper will aid in the formulation of RSNO solutions to obtain the maximum stability for prolonged storage and sustained NO release.