cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postpartum anticoagulation in women with mechanical heart valves

Author(s): Irani, Roxanna A; Santa-Ines, Ann; Elder, Robert W; Lipkind, Heather S; Paidas, Michael J; Campbell, Katherine H | Abstract: BackgroundWomen with mechanical heart valves (MHV) requiring anticoagulation (AC) are at high risk for hemorrhagic complications. Despite guidelines to manage antenatal and peripartum AC, there are few evidence-based recommendations to guide the initiation of postpartum AC. We reviewed our institutional experience of pregnant women with MHV to lay the groundwork for recommendations of immediate postpartum AC therapy.Study designThis descriptive retrospective cohort used ICD-9 and -10 codes to identify pregnant women with MHV on AC at the Yale-New Haven Hospital from 2007 to 2018. All identified patients were confirmed by chart review. Delivery hospitalization and the immediate postpartum AC management were reviewed. Maternal complications recorded were postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, wound hematoma, intra-abdominal bleeding, stroke, valve thrombosis, and death. Further, immediate neonatal outcomes were detailed.ResultsForty-two pregnant women with nonnative heart valves were identified during the study period. From those pregnant women, nine had an MHV and were anticoagulated throughout gestation. Of 19 total pregnancies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The median gestational age of the delivered pregnancies was early term (37w2d). Nine deliveries were via cesarean (64%). The median time to restart AC after birth was 6 hours. After six deliveries (43%), AC was initiated ≤6 hours postpartum. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in six cases (43%), including wound and intra-abdominal hematomas. Four cases (29%) required blood transfusion. No maternal strokes, thrombotic events, or deaths were recorded. Five (38.5%) neonates required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.ConclusionMHV in pregnancy was rare but was associated with significant maternal morbidity, particularly postpartum hemorrhagic complications. We noted significant variability in the timing of restarting postpartum AC and in the selected agents. Pooled institutional data and an interdisciplinary approach are recommended to minimize competing risks and sequelae of valve thrombosis and obstetrical hemorrhage and, thereby, to optimize maternal outcomes and develop evidence-based guidelines for postpartum AC management.
Impact of Plasmon-Induced Optically Rectified Electric Fields on Second Harmonic Generation

Plasmon associated optically rectified fields arising from electron tunneling between metal nanojunctions have been shown to impact photocatalytic reactions on the surface of plasmonic nanostructures. However, temporal differences have been shown between quantum regime electron tunneling events and optically rectified surface charge buildup. Computational work shows that electron tunneling across a nanometer-sized gap between two plasmonic entities can be induced from a single ultra-fast laser pulse and occurs on a femtosecond timescale. Our group has shown that charge buildup from optically rectified fields occurs over 10s to 100s of seconds through light-induced redox events in cyclic voltammetry experiments using a CuSO4 solution. Utilizing a femtosecond laser to generate second harmonic signals along with widefield excitation from a continuous light-emitting diode (LED) source, it is shown that surface potentials that average −400 mV are only generated upon continuous illumination of a gold nanoisland...
Rpl5-Inducible Mouse Model for Studying Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital bone marrow disorder with mutations in ribosomal protein genes. Several animal models have been developed to study the pathological mechanism of DBA. Previously, we reported that the complete knock-out of both Rpl5 and Rps24 alleles were lethal, while heterozygous Rpl5+/- and Rps24+/- mice showed normal phenotype. To establish a more efficient mouse model for mimicking DBA symptoms, we have taken advantage of RNAi technology to generate an inducible mouse model utilizing tetracycline-induced down-regulation of Rpl5. After two weeks of treatment with doxycycline in drinking water, a subset of treated shRNA Rpl5+/- adult mice developed mild anemia while control mice had normal complete blood counts. Similarly, treated shRNA Rpl5+/- mice developed reticulocytopenia and bone marrow erythroblastopenia. Detection of DBA symptoms in these mice make them a valuable DBA model for studying the pathological mechanism underlying DBA and for further assessment of the disease and drug testing for novel therapies.
Relationships of Career Self-Efficacy Expectations to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Personal Styles Scales

The significant correlations between the scales of the Skills Confidence Inventory (Betz, Borgen, & Harmon, 1996), a measure of self-efficacy expectations with respect to the 6 Holland themes, and ...
A Latent Gaussian Copula Model for Mixed Data Analysis in Brain Imaging Genetics

Recent advances in imaging genetics make it possible to combine different types of data including medical images like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and genetic data like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for comprehensive diagnosis of mental disorders. Understanding complex interactions among these heterogeneous data may give rise to a new perspective, while at the same time demand statistical models for their integration. Various graphical models have been proposed for the study of interaction or association networks with continuous, binary, and count data as well as the mixture of them. However, limited efforts have been made for the multinomial case, for instance, SNP data. Our goal is therefore to fill the void by developing a graphical model for the integration of fMRI image and SNP data, which can provide deeper understanding of the unknown neurogenetic mechanism. In this article, we propose a latent Gaussian copula model for mixed data containing multinomial components. We assume that the discrete variable is obtained by discretizing a latent (unobserved) continuous variable and then create a semi-rank based estimator of the graph structure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed latent correlation has more steady and accurate performance than several existing methods in detecting graph structure. When applying to a real schizophrenia data consisting of SNP array and fMRI image collected by the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium (MCIC), the proposed method reveals a set of distinct SNP-brain associations, which are verified to be biologically significant. The proposed model is statistically promising in handling mixed types of data including multinomial components, which can find widespread applications. To promote reproducible research, the R code is available at https://github.com/Aiying0512/LGCM .
Future of Procurement 4.0

The future of procurement 4.0 can be seen as procurement 5.0. Apart from this culmination of procurement 4.0’s transformation, procurement 4.0 has a future in itself. In procurement 4.0, changes become a permanent habit of enterprises and their components, from processes to platforms, persons, and partners. Procurement 4.0 draws particular attention to sustainable procurement. Green procurement becomes a specific part of engagement in procurement 4.0 and a substantial contribution to the welfare not only of an organization but also to the community and territories where that organization is present with its units, products, and services.
Uncommon Yeasts and Molds Causing Human Disease

Abstract With advances in modern medicine, patients are now living with increasingly complex medical comorbidities, and often with increasingly fragile immunity. As a result, larger populations are susceptible to infections from once infrequently seen fungal opportunists. This article will review rarely encountered pathogenic fungi that should be familiar to the clinician and laboratory mycologist. These pathogens include the yeast-like fungi of the genera Malassezia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saprochaete, and Trichosporon, as well as the molds loosely classified into the phaeohyphomycoses and hyalohyphomycoses. Finally, this article will address a newly defined genus of the dimorphic fungi, Emergomyces, which are increasingly recognized as a cause of disseminated disease, primarily in persons with HIV infection.
Chapter 6 – Respiratory System

Publisher Summary The respiratory tract is a complex organ system both macroscopically and microscopically with many different functions and cell types localized throughout the nasopharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and pulmonary segments. Exposure to xenobiotics occurs via inhalation and the blood following ingestion, dermal exposure or parental administration. Xenobiotics vary from particles of variable size, to gases, to plant toxins, thus dosimetry and site of injury are critical in interpreting the response to injury. The primary functions of the respiratory tract are gas exchange, olfaction, and protection against noxious agents. Exposure to respiratory toxicants can occur in occupational settings, during medical treatment, in self-inflicted injury, and during the course of everyday activities, such as inhalation of common air pollutants or ingestion of toxic agents in food. Lung diseases linked to chemical injury range from an acute reversible disease to chronic irreversible diseases. A variety of defense mechanisms, such as the mucociliary apparatus and the alveolar macrophage system can prevent contact of the injurious agent with vulnerable tissues of the lower respiratory tract.
How Do We Teach Ethics and Empathy Through Games

Can games support the practice of ethics and empathy? Under which conditions can games better encourage these types of skills and thought processes? This chapter seeks to contextualize these questions and provide an overview of the latest research related to these issues.
Delirium: an embedding coordination language

The authors outline a strategy for expressing coordination of sequential subcomputations, realized in the embedding language Delirium. In contrast to existing embedded languages, the notation clearly expresses the coordination framework of the application. All the coordination required to execute the program is expressed in a unified Delirium program. The program contains the computational code in the form of embedded operators, written using conventional tools. The proposed environment, which executes on a variety of shared-memory multi processors, provides tools which make it possible to develop parallel applications quickly. It supports a coordination model than can guarantee deterministic execution. Programmers who remain within the restrictions of the model can develop a program on a sequential machine and be certain that it will execute deterministically on a variety of parallel architectures.
Desmond’s Law: Early Impressions of Connecticut’s Court Advocate Program for Animal Cruelty Cases

Connecticut enacted Desmond’s Law in 2016 to give animals a voice and to provide courts with tools to address animal cruelty. The law allows courts to appoint legal advocates to “represent the interests of justice” in cruelty cases involving dogs and cats. Connecticut was the first state to have a law of this kind and has been followed by a growing list of states introducing similar court advocate programs. As Director of the Animal Law Clinic at the University of Connecticut (UConn) School of Law, I have participated, as an Advocate or supervisor, in hundreds of hours of judicial proceedings under Desmond’s Law. This Commentary provides early insight into the use of a court advocate program for animal cruelty cases. This Commentary also shares accounts of and reflections on the use of Desmond’s Law in Connecticut and responds to criticisms of the law and similar court advocate programs.
Looking for Jobs? Matching Adults with Autism with Potential Employers for Job Opportunities

Adults with autism face many difficulties when finding employment, such as struggling with interviews and needing accommodating environments for sensory issues. Autistic adults, however, also have unique skills to contribute to the workplace that companies have recently started to seek after, such as loyalty, close attention to detail, and trustworthiness. To work around these difficulties and help companies find the talent they are looking for we have developed a job-matching system. Our system is based around the stable matching of the Gale-Shapley algorithm to match autistic adults with employers after estimating how both adults with autism and employers would rank the other group. The system also uses filtering to approximate a stable matching even with a changing pool of users and employers, meaning the results are resistant to change as the result of competition. Such a system would be of benefit to both adults with autism and employers and would advance knowledge in recommender systems that match two parties.
Coping response and family communication of cancer risk in men harboring a BRCA mutation: A mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE Providing genetic counseling and genetic testing to at-risk blood relatives (cascade screening) is important for improving BRCA cancer outcomes. Intra-familial communication of risk is critical for cascade screening efforts yet relatively little is known about men's role in communicating BRCA risk. We sought to examine men's coping response to their BRCA status and intra-familial communication of risk to inform the development of tailored interventions that could promote cascade screening. METHODS We employed a sequential mixed-methods design. First, we measured coping response (quantitative) using the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA). MICRA scores were compared between BRCA+ men, BRCA- men and BRCA+ women. Subsequently, we used template analysis to analyze qualitative interviews exploring coping and intra-familial communication of risk. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) served as a guiding framework for identifying intervention targets. RESULTS BRCA+ men (n = 36) had significantly higher levels of distress (p < 0.001), uncertainty (p < 0.001) and negative experiences (p < 0.05) compared to BRCA- male counterparts (n = 23). BRCA+ men had significantly lower distress (p < 0.001) and uncertainty (p < 0.001) than BRCA+ women (n = 406). Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with BRCA+ men (n = 35) identified promoters and barriers to active coping response and intra-familial communication of risk. Mapping results onto the TPB identified targets for tailoring person-centered approaches for men addressing beliefs/attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS Men and women appear to have different coping responses to learning their BRCA status. Developing tailored (sex-based), theory informed interventions may help promote intra-familial communication of BRCA risk and support cascade screening.
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Tumor Stem Cells in Central Nervous System Malignancies

High-grade central nervous system (CNS) tumors are notorious for high rates of recurrence and poor outcomes. A small cohort of tumor cells, dubbed tumor stem cells (TSC), are now being recognized as an important subset of the tumor that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and account for the high recurrence rates. Recent research is developing modalities to target TSCs specifically in a bid to improve the response of the tumor as a whole. The methods being employed to target TSCs include targeting TSC-specific pathways or receptors, TSC-sensitizing agents to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, immunotherapy, TSC-differentiating agents, and viral therapy. This chapter provides an overview of strategies that are expected to help develop new and more effective treatments for CNS tumors.
Discontinuous Evolution of Urban Historical Forms

Perhaps more than any other human institution, the city reflects the tension between continuity and discontinuity in our social existence. It is simultaneously the vessel of continuity containing the deep structures of the past (symbolized by the longevity of many urban buildings, roads, and other infrastructure) as well as the staging ground for most of the revolutionary upheavals of human history. This conflict is manifested in the above pair of quotations from Mumford (1961).
Rumor and Relation

Forms of knowledge create and reinforce relationships. This knowledge and thus relationships themselves depend on the quality of the relationship and understanding. Lorraine Code’s essay gives us a way to examine this in some detail and I can only add my agreement and some examples of how narratives and particularity can complexly interact. I begin a bit cautiously, knowing that I am telling a narrative that comes from someone else’s experience. A friend of mine would get together with her family every holiday after their father died and left them without the relative comfort they had lived in. They would quiz one another on the details of their lives before that incident. Where was the can for the drippings kept? What color was the dishcloth that hung from the refrigerator door handle? The answers did not always readily come but the ritual of checking to see if they had had such a life before and coming to understand the difference of their life “after” had the effect of bringing together three people who had had their lives and relationships with one another disrupted. They didn’t so much quiz one another on the circumstances around the father’s sudden death, and that difficult knowledge framed the comforts they took with testing their memories of easier details. But even using this particular detail to bring a narrative into less mundane issues is part of the difficulty of starting relationships or maintaining them via narrative.
Information Transmission with Almost-Cheap Talk ⁄

Misrepresenting private information is often costly, for technological, legal, or psychological reasons. I develop a model of strategic information transmission based on Crawford and Sobel (1982) (CS), but with a convex cost of lying or misreporting. There are three main results. First, I prove that a sequence of monotone equilibria converges to a CS equilibrium as the cost of misreporting shrinks to 0 only if the CS equilibrium satisfles the \No Incentive to Separate" (NITS) condition. In a cheap talk game, NITS requires that the lowest type weakly prefers the action it elicits in equilibrium to what it would elicit in the complete information game. In commonly used speciflcations, only the \most-informative" CS equilibrium satisfles NITS. Second, I show that under a mild technical condition, the converse is also true: any CS equilibrium satisfying NITS is the limit of a sequence of monotone equilibria as the misreporting cost shrinks to 0. This simultaneously proves existence of monotone equilibrium for small costs, under the technical condition. The third result provides a complete characterization of a class of monotone equilibria for arbitrary costs of misreporting in a cheap talk extension of the model. These equilibria display language in∞ation, with a region of low types fully separating when costs are large.
Tail Behavior and Breakdown Properties of Equivariant Estimators of Location

For translation and scale equivariant estimators of location, inequalities connecting tail behavior and the finite-sample breakdown point are proved, analogous to those established by He et al. (1990, Econometrika, 58, 1195–1214) for monotone and translation equivariant estimators. Some other inequalities are given as well, enabling to establish refined bounds and in some cases exact values for the tail behavior under heavy- and light-tailed distributions. The inequalities cover translation and scale equivariant estimators in great generality, and they involve new breakdown-related quantities, whose relations to the breakdown point are discussed. The worth of tail-behavior considerations in robustness theory is demonstrated on examples, showing the impact of the basic two techniques in robust estimation: trimming and averaging. The mathematical language employs notions from regular variation theory.
Everywhere is Karbala: Shia Ritual Politics in Iran and Beyond

Since 1979 The Iranian Revolution has sought to consolidate its power and exert its authority in a number of ways. Among these have been to to centralize, standardize, and politicize Ashura, the main religious holiday among Shia worldwide. The goal has been to politicize Ashura to make it a “red” practice of revolution akin to the socialist May Day rallies of old. But elsewhere this model has not been followed and Ayatollah Khamenei has been unable to project himself as a central religious figure through these events. These developments shed light on the broader question of whether there is an emerging “Shia Crescent” a religious and political bloc directed by Iran. There is little evidence that this is the case, in spite of Iranian attempts toward that end. Shi’ism is as diverse, diffuse, and decentralized as before 1979, limiting Iran's attempt to use religion as an extension of its foreign policy.
SCC Behavior of Alloy 152 Weld in a PWR Environment

The objective of this work is to determine the crack growth rates (CGRs) in a simulated PWR water environment for Alloy 152. In order to meet the objective, specimens made from a laboratory-prepared Alloy 152 double-J weld in the as-welded condition were tested. For the SCC CGR measurements, the specimens were pre-cracked under cyclic loading in a primary water environment, and the cyclic CGRs were monitored to determine the transition from the fatigue transgranular fracture mode to the intergranular SCC fracture mode. The environmental enhancement of cyclic CGRs for Alloy 152 was minimal; nevertheless, the transition from transgranular to intergranular cracking was successful. Weld samples tested from the single heat of Alloy 152 exhibited SCC CGR rates of 10−11 m/s in the simulated PWR environment at 320°C, which was about an order of magnitude lower than typical for Alloy 182.
“Wrong the Day It Was Decided:" Lochner and Constitutional Historicism

Until quite recently Lochner v. New York and Plessy v. Ferguson were canonical examples of how courts should not decide constitutional questions - both were generally considered not only wrong, but wrong the day they were decided. Although Plessy remains anti-canonical in this sense, for an increasing number of legal thinkers, Lochner no longer does. This essay, written for the 100th anniversary of Lochner v. New York, explains why Lochner's canonical status has altered, and how changing views of Lochner are connected to (or driven by) contemporary theories of legitimate constitutional change. It also explores the connections between contemporary attitudes about Lochner and constitutional ethos - the stories that Americans tell each other about who we are, where we have come from, and what we stand for. In analyzing these questions, the essay employs an approach called constitutional historicism, which holds that the conventions determining what is a good or bad legal argument about the Constitution, what is a plausible legal claim and what is off-the-wall, change over time in response to changing social, political, and historical conditions. The essay concludes by considering to what extent constitutional historicism might help constitutional theory.
Effects of dietary lead and zinc on fetal organ growth

In order to further understand the effects of ingested lead (Pb) on the fetus and the possible interaction of the trace element zinc (Zn) with Pb, groups of rats with dated pregnancies were fed 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, or 500 mg/L of Pb in water throughout pregnancy. Diet was provided ad libitum. A group pair fed with the 200 mg/L of Pb group and a group fed both Zn and Pb, 200 mg/L, were also studied. Placental weight remained constant, but cell division and total protein level were decreased while cell size increased markedly. Fetal carcass and liver weight, cell division, and protein were decreased while cell growth was unchanged. Brain weight decreased while cell division, growth, and protein were unchanged. Kidney weight, cell division, and protein level were unchanged but cell growth was decreased. Organ dry weight varied with wet weight while the percentage of water was unchanged. Whether pair feeding and Zn supplements improve carcass and liver weight is questionable.
Low-Temperature Rheology of Asphalt Cements—Rheological Background

This paper, which is the first of a proposed series, reviews selected published information on the low-temperature flow properties of asphalt cements obtained by creep procedures and dynamic techniques over temperatures below 25°C (77°F) and down to -20°C (-4°F) and lower. A comprehensive summary is given with comments on the magnitudes of the reported viscoelastic parameters (elastic, stiffness, and viscosity) and relevance of the results to other test properties. It is suggested that simplifying approximations in available apparatus may be equally useful for evaluating the rheological creep behavior as obtained in constant stress test modes. These suggestions are implemented by experimental creep measurements on two paving and two roofing asphalts over temperature ranges from 150 down to -5°C (302 to 23° F). It is demonstrated that a reasonably correct fit of the data results for a Maxwell-Kelvin modified five-parameter model. It is recommended that the use of stiffness values as a function of time together with a power law relation for viscosity is a realistic approach for evaluating low-temperature properties of asphalt cements.
Use of Neonatal Tolerization and Chemical Immunosuppression for the Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Maturation‐Specific Sperm Surface Molecules

: Mammalian sperm acquire functional maturity as they move from the caput to the cauda epididymidis. Changes occur in the protein/glycoprotein composition of the sperm plasma membrane during this time, and may be essential to the maturation process. The production of monoclonal antibody (Mab) probes to the maturation-specific molecules has been difficult since new proteins comprise a minor portion of total membrane proteins. This report describes a protocol for enhancing the production of Mabs to maturation specific molecules. By injecting neonatal mice with caput epididymal sperm plasma membranes, in combination with chemical immunosuppression at adulthood, the mice were made tolerant to the antigens expressed on the caput sperm membranes. Subsequent immunization with cauda epididymal sperm plasma membranes allowed the production of Mabs to the maturation-specific moieties without the necessity for extensive antigen purification procedures. The majority of the resulting Mabs recognize cauda, not caput, epididymal sperm plasma membranes as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry on unfixed cells, and Western blot analyses, even though the protein profile from caput epididymal sperm plasma membranes is very similar to that from cauda membranes. The five Mabs described also recognize cauda fluid antigens, suggesting that the maturational changes on the sperm plasma membranes arise from interactions with the epididymal fluid. Use of the tolerization/immunosuppression protocol has provided Mab tools to assist in the study of sperm maturation during epididymal transit.
Determination of pH by the Glass Electrode: pH Meter Calibration for Gastric Analysis

Summary This paper is concerned with the calibration of p H meters for measurement of gastric acidity. It was shown that, even though commercial buffers produced an almost perfect standard curve in the range p H 2 to 7, large absolute errors occurred below p H 2. On the other hand, calibration with a potassium tetroxalate buffer obtained from The National Bureau of Standards yielded p H values in HCl test solutions very close to those predicted from respective HCl concentrations (as determined by titration) and activity coefficients estimated from δ HCl coefficients. It is concluded that p H calibration with commercial buff ers may yield unreliable data at low p H. For determination of p H in gastric juice, the meter should be carefully calibrated with NBS buff ers or HCl solutions of exactly known composition or both. Thus calibrated, it appears that hydrogen ion concentrations may be calculated from p H measurements with a high degree of reproducibility and absolute accuracy.
Iodination of murine thyroglobulin enhances autoimmune reactivity in the NOD.H2h4 mouse

Autoimmune thyroiditis in humans has been linked to excess iodine intake. A causative relationship between dietary iodine and thyroiditis has been clearly established in animal models of thyroiditis, including the NOD.H2(h4) mouse strain, which develops enhanced thyroiditis spontaneously after supplementation of drinking water with sodium iodide. To assess the mechanisms by which iodine may contribute to disease pathogenesis, we have purified hypoiodinated thyroglobulin (Lo-I Tg) from the thyroids of mice fed methimazole and potassium perchlorate. This preparation contained only a trace of iodine and was poorly reactive to monoclonal antibody 42C3, which has been shown previously to distinguish hypoiodinated from normal Tg. A cloned T cell line 2D11 from a diseased NOD.H2(h4) mouse proliferated in response to normal Tg, but not to Lo-I Tg. Serum antibodies from NOD.H2(h4) mice with thyroiditis were poorly reactive to Lo-I Tg. To determine that these changes were due specifically to iodine content, Lo-I Tg was reiodinated in vitro. Reiodination of Lo-I Tg partially re-established the reactivity of NOD.H2(h4) serum antibodies. The data demonstrate that the reactivity of thyroglobulin-specific antibodies and certain T cells are dependent on the iodine content of thyroglobulin. These findings suggest that iodine contributes to autoimmune thyroiditis in the NOD.H2(h4) mouse by directly enhancing the antigenicity of thyroglobulin.
Targeting the host hemostatic system function in bacterial infection for antimicrobial therapies

The hemostatic system is an important player in host’s response to infection. It has been shown that host hemostatic factors as well as platelets, interact with various proteins from bacteria and play important roles in host defense against infections. This review summarizes studies of function of host hemostatic system in host defense against bacterial infections and efforts to target hemostatic system interaction with pathogens to develop potential antimicrobial therapies.
A Fluorogenic TMP-Tag for High Signal-to-Background Intracellular Live Cell Imaging

Developed to complement the use of fluorescent proteins in live cell imaging, chemical tags enjoy the benefit of modular incorporation of organic fluorophores, opening the possibility of high photon output and special photophysical properties. However, the theoretical challenge in using chemical tags as opposed to fluorescent proteins for high-resolution imaging is background noise from unbound and/or nonspecifically bound ligand-fluorophore. We envisioned we could overcome this limit by engineering fluorogenic trimethoprim-based chemical tags (TMP-tags) in which the fluorophore is quenched until binding with E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR)-tagged protein displaces the quencher. Thus, we began by building a nonfluorogenic, covalent TMP-tag based on a proximity-induced reaction known to achieve rapid and specific labeling both in vitro and inside of living cells. Here we take the final step and render the covalent TMP-tag fluorogenic. In brief, we designed a trimeric TMP–fluorophore–quencher molecu...
A surgical technique to expand the operative corridor for supracerebellar infratentorial approaches: technical note

The supracerebellar infratentorial approach is a commonly used route in neurosurgery. It provides a narrow and deep corridor to the dorsal midbrain and pineal region. The authors describe a surgical technique to expand the operative corridor and the surgeon’s working angles during this approach. Thirteen cases of patients who underwent resection of their lesions using this extended approach were reviewed. During their suboccipital craniotomy, additional bone over the transverse sinus (paramedian approach) and the confluence of the sinuses (midline approach) were removed. Two sutures (tentorial stay sutures) were anchored to the tentorium anterior to the transverse sinus and tension was applied. A video narrated by the senior author describes the details of technique. This additional bone removal and tentorial stay sutures led to gentle elevation of the tentorium and partial mobilization of the dural venous sinuses superiorly. This technique enhanced operative viewing through improved illumination and expanded working angles for microsurgical instruments while minimizing the need for fixed retractors and extensive cerebellar retraction. All patients underwent satisfactory removal of their lesions. No patient suffered from any related complication. The use of stay sutures anchored on the tentorium is a simple and effective technique that expands the surgical corridor during supracerebellar infratentorial approaches.
Analysis of hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites of mephenytoin in man and laboratory animals using gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Separation of urinary mephenytoin metabolites was evaluated under various gas—liquid chromatographic (GLC) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) conditions. A simple and rapid alkylation procedure is described for GLC using a nitrogen sensitive thermionic detector. The in situ formation of sodium methinylsulfinylmethide is used as base for the perpropylation of hydantoins and their metabolites. Normal- and reversed-phase HPLC of the underivatized compounds was performed using four different types of stationary phases. None of the GLC systems separated all the six hydantoin compounds tested, whereas, normal- and reversed-phase HPLC were able to obtain a complete separation of these compounds. The major metabolites of mephenytoin were 5-phenyl-5-ethylhydantoin, 3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-ethylhydantoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-ethylhydantoin in man, rat, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig. 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-hydantoin and 3-methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-ethylhydantoin are major metabolites in the dog.
Results obtained from the analysis of Northern‐Hemisphere weather maps for 1936–1937

Since October 1, 1936, the analysis of a continuous series of charts of the Northern Hemisphere, once daily, has been carried on without interruption at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The reports used for each region are those coinciding most nearly in time with the 8 p.m. (eastern standard time) observations in the United States. Most of the necessary observations have been received directly by radio. However, the western Pacific and eastern Asiatic observations have up to the present been delayed two days beyond the others, for direct radio reception of these reports has been found difficult, so that it has been necessary to depend upon observations for this area mailed to us each day from the United States Weather Bureau in Washington. It is hoped that in the near future it will be possible to receive the broadcast of these data directly from Honolulu. Unfortunately one bad gap in the circumpolar distribution of observational data still remains—that of central Asia. However, it is usually possible, between the European Russian stations in the west and the eastern Asiatic observations, at least to get some idea of the larger features of the intervening pressure-distribution. Furthermore, it is hoped that in the near future it will be possible to receive directly the present broadcast from Moscow of central Asiatic reports.
A Dowker space from a Lusin set

Abstract In Chapter 2 of his book Partition Problems in Topology, Stevo Todorcevic constructs a compact S-space using an unbounded family in ω ω of size ℵ 1 and remarks in Chapter 6 that a modification of the construction yields a first countable Dowker space of size ℵ1. In this paper we present the construction.
Genotypic variation in nutritional composition of buckwheat groats and husks.

ABSTRACT Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a highly nutritious pseudocereal rich in bioactive compounds, is principally cultivated in central and eastern European countries. Buckwheat groats and husks of 10 cultivars were subjected to nutritional composition analysis and in vitro starch digestibility determination. Significant genetic variation was detected in buckwheat groats for 1,000-kernel weight (16.5–39.8 g), protein content (10.2–17.9%), soluble dietary fiber (1.4–3.4%), insoluble dietary fiber (2.3–8.6%), total dietary fiber (3.6–10.6%), free phenolics (4.5–17.1 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GA]/g), and total phenolics content (6.8–20.7 mg of GA/g). The buckwheat husks exhibited large differences between cultivars in protein content (3.0–6.5%), bound phenolics (6.7–26.1 mg of GA/g), and total phenolics content (32.4–58.6 mg of GA/g), which was 1.5–8 times higher than in the groat. Cooked and cooled buckwheat groats exhibited lower starch digestibility and greater resistant starch content than raw ...
An organizational contingencies view of accounting and information systems implementation

Abstract Most research on accounting and information systems (A&IS) development and implementation has focused on the individual and small group level phenomena which impact implementation success. While some researchers have considered organizational level variables, no consistent relationships between these variables and A&IS implementation success have yet emerged. To a great extent, this is due to an atheoretical research approach coupled with an undifferentiated view of A&IS. This paper develops a typology of A&IS types based on the nature of the task supported by the system. Theory and the results of research in the organization design area are drawn upon to develop propositions about the differential impacts of eight organizational characteristics on the implementation of different A&IS types. These propositions form an organizational level framework for analyzing A&IS implementation. The propositions can serve as testable hypotheses for future research efforts.
Glucocorticoid receptor mutants that are constitutive activators of transcriptional enhancement

Glucocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones, associate specifically with intracellular receptors, facilitating a conformational change that converts the receptor in vitro to a DNA-binding protein1 and in vivo to a nuclear species2 that activates a class of transcriptional enhancers termed glucocorticoid response elements3,4 (GREs). The DNA sequences recognized specifically by the hormone–receptor complex correspond directly to those required for GRE enhancement4,5. The structural transition that accompanies steroid binding, 'receptor transformation', has been monitored by changes in receptor chromatographic properties6, accessibility to monoclonal antibodies7, association with other receptor subunits or with heterologous proteins8,9, add aqueous two-phase partition coefficient10,11. However, the significance of the structural change for the biological activity of the receptor is not understood. We have used cloned rat glucocorticoid-receptor coding sequences12 to produce and characterize a novel class of receptor mutants that elicit GRE enhancer function in transfected cells even in the absence of hormone. The constitutive activity of those receptor derivatives, together with mapping studies that distinguish between the DNA- and hormone-binding domains of the receptor, imply that the conformational change corresponding to receptor transformation may simply unmask pre-existing functional domains for DNA binding, enhancer activation, or both.
Vestibular Labyrinth Contributions to Human Whole-Body Motion Discrimination

To assess the contributions of the vestibular system to whole-body motion discrimination in the dark, we measured direction recognition thresholds as a function of frequency for yaw rotation, superior-inferior translation ("z-translation"), interaural translation ("y-translation"), and roll tilt for 14 normal subjects and for 3 patients following total bilateral vestibular ablation. The patients had significantly higher average threshold measurements than normal (p < 0.01) for yaw rotation (depending upon frequency, 5.4× to 15.7× greater), z-translation (8.3× to 56.8× greater), y-translation (1.7× to 4.5× greater), and roll tilt (1.3× to 3.0× greater)--establishing the predominant contributions of the vestibular system for these motions in the dark.
The six levers for managing organizational culture

Schein describes three levels of culture: artifacts'; shared values; and shared basic assumption& • Art i fac ts are visible, audible, tactile manifestations of underlying cultural assumptions, such as behavior patterns, rituals, physical environment, dress codes, stories, and myths. They are relatively easy to understand. For example, many firms have dress codes, such as uniforms or proper business attire, that are indicative of some underlying culture. When IBM and Lotus merged some years ago, the prediction of a cultural clash was due, in part, to this outward manifestation of their cultures--IBM's dress code that stipulated proper business attire, and Lotus employees wearing T-shirts and sandals. More recently, a merger between Beth Israel and Deaconess Hospitals in Boston encountered a clash in cultures, one outward manifestation of which was arrival time for meetings. At Beth Israel, meetings started in "BI time," which meant they began about 15 to 20 minutes after their scheduled start time. There was no such "artifact" at Deaconess, and shortly after the merger, individuals from Deaconess would become irate while waiting for BI people to arrive so that a meeting could begin. • S h a r e d va lues , also quite easily understood, are the espoused reasons why things should be as they are, such as norms, codes of ethics, company value statements, and so on. For example, many firms have goal or mission statements boldly emblazoned in their reception areas for all to see, informing both their customers and their employees what the firm stands for, and saying something about the espoused culture as well. Similarly, some firms have codes of ethics, which are often related to the professional norms of their employees. Doctor-patient and lawyer-client relationships are examples. Other firms have rather rigid rules of behavior, some of which constitute grounds for dismissal when broken. A company might forbid its employees to discuss their salaries, with termination as the consequence of breaching the rule. • Basic a s s u m p t i o n s are somewhat more difficult to define and examine. They comprise the invisible but identifiable reasons why group members perceive, think, and feel the way they do about external survival and internal operational issues, such as a mission, means of problem solving, relationships, time, and space. They can be viewed most easily in terms of behavior that one would find totally unacceptable, as well as, of course, its counterpart: highly desirable behavior. The importance of "saving face" (especially in Asia), the relevance of financial rewards as performance motivators, and a subordinate's ability to question a supervisor's decisions are all examples of these basic assumptions.
Conformational kinetics of methyl nitrite. Temperature dependence of helium collision efficiency

Abstract The temperature dependence of the helium collision efficiency, β p He , has been determined for the methyl nitrite conformational exchange from lineshape analysis of 200 MHz 1 H gas-phase NMR spectra. An 18% decrease in β p He over a 30°C increase in temperature is observed and discussed in relation to the previously studied CH 3 NCHe system.
Circadian Transcription: Passing the HAT to CLOCK

In animals, the circadian timekeeping mechanism relies on the coordinated activities of activators and repressors to control rhythmic transcription. In this issue of Cell, Doi et al. (2006) reveal that rhythms in histone acetylation are necessary for rhythmic transcription and that the histone acetyl transferase responsible is CLOCK, a key transcription factor that is essential for circadian oscillator function.
Modeling the low-LET dose-response of BCR-ABL formation: predicting stem cell numbers from A-bomb data.

Abstract Formation of the BCR–ABL chromosomal translocation t (9;22)( q 34; q 11) is essential to the genesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). An interest in the dose-response of radiation induced CML therefore leads naturally to an interest in the dose-response of BCR–ABL formation. To predict the BCR–ABL dose-response to low-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation, three models valid over three different dose ranges are examined: the first for doses greater than 80 Gy, the second for doses less than 5 Gy and the third for doses greater than 2 Gy. The first of the models, due to Holley and Chatterjee, ignores the accidental binary eurejoining of DNA double-strand break (DSB) free ends (`eurejoining' refers to the accidental restitution of DSB free ends with their own proper mates). As a result, the model is valid only in the limit of high doses. The second model is derived directly from cytogenetic data. This model has the attractive feature that it implicitly accounts for single-track effects at low doses. The third model, based on the Sax–Markov binary eurejoining/misrejoining (SMBE) algorithm, does not account for single-track effects and is therefore limited to moderate doses greater than approximately 2 Gy. Comparing the second model to lifetime excess CML risks expected after 1 Gy, estimates of the number of hematopoietic stem cells capable of causing CML were obtained for male and female atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The stem cell number estimates lie in the range of 5×10 7 –3×10 8 cells.
DEFT, a novel death effector domain-containing molecule predominantly expressed in testicular germ cells.

Apoptosis is a physiological process by which multicellular organisms eliminate unwanted cells. Death factors such as Fas ligand induce apoptosis by triggering a series of intracellular protein-protein interactions mediated by defined motifs found in the signaling molecules. One of these motifs is the death effector domain (DED), a stretch of about 80 amino acids that is shared by adaptors, regulators, and executors of the death factor pathway. We have identified the human and rat complementary DNAs encoding a novel protein termed DEFT (Death EFfector domain-containing Testicular molecule). The N-terminus of DEFT shows a high degree of homology to the DEDs found in FADD (an adaptor molecule) as well as procaspase-8/FLICE and procaspase-10/Mch4 (executors of the death program). Northern blot hybridization experiments have shown that the DEFT messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed in a variety of human and rat tissues, with particularly abundant expression in the testis. In situ hybridization analysis further in...
Toward High-Throughput Zeolite Membranes

Many energy-conservation strategies in manufacturing rely on replacing or combining thermally driven separation processes such as distillation with more efficient ones ( 1 ). Membranes made from zeolites, crystalline materials with precisely defined pores in the size range of molecules (angstroms to nanometers), are a promising material with which to achieve highly selective separations based on molecular recognition by the membrane pores ( 2 ). Although small-pore hydrophilic zeolite membranes for the dehydration of solvents and biofuels can be found in several small- to medium-scale industrial plants ( 3 ), zeolite membranes have been too expensive to replace competing technologies for many other applications. Competitive performance will likely come from creating thinner zeolite films with a hierarchical approach, in which nanoscale zeolite crystals or fragments of these structures assemble into larger porous networks.