cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Controlling Blooms of Microalgae and Macroalgae (Ulva rigida) in a Eutrophic, Urban Estuary: Jamaica Bay, NY, USA

Eutrophic estuaries are increasingly common features along global coastlines and are typically prone to micro- and macroalgal blooms. Yet, studies concurrently assessing the factors controlling these distinct algal populations have been rare. During 2010–2012, the temporal and spatial dynamics of macro- and microalgal communities in the eutrophic estuary, Jamaica Bay, NY, USA, were investigated in parallel with the factors that control their growth. Phytoplankton blooms dominated by centric diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira spp. were intense within poorly flushed regions during the spring and summer (>135 μg L−1 chlorophyll a; >55,000 algal cells mL−1) and, in some cases, were genetically confirmed to be caused by Thalassiosira angulata. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus levels were high throughout the year, while silicate concentrations were sometimes reduced to 90 % bottom coverage) present in the shallow, central portion of the Bay and significantly lower coverage within deeper regions. The δ 15N signature of U. rigida tissue (13–17 ‰) indicated that wastewater was the primary nitrogen (N) source of this alga, and the N content of their tissues indicated that this alga was N replete. Accordingly, while nutrients almost never restricted the growth of U. rigida, multiple lines of evidence indicated that these populations were light-limited by phytoplankton blooms within the deeper regions of the Bay. Collectively, this study reveals the interactive roles that residence time, silicate, light, and competition play in controlling micro- and macroalgal populations in eutrophic estuaries such as Jamaica Bay.
Thoughts on clonal integration: Facing the evolutionary context

In this essay, I have pointed out that the appropriate evolutionary context for plant clonality dictates a focus on the impact of the derived trait of potential independence of subunits on the evolutionarily primitive trait of obligate interdependence of plant subunits, i.e. the advantages of independence. This fact prescribes a major shift in approach from previous lines of investigation which have assumed that clonal plants should fall apart and sought to determine the advantages of interdependence. The delineated reorientation calls for a significant change in the investigation of the ecology of clonality in higher plants, emphasizing factors that select for physical and physiological disintegration of the genet and de-emphasizing the need to derive ecological explanations for properties a plant will possess entirely by reason of its phylogenetic and developmental heritage. I suggest that (1) patterns of ramet independence may result from selective pressures on the cost of interconnections (2) programmed ramet independendence may be a response to the selective pressure of a high possibility of traumatic breakage and (3) programmed ramet independence may allow escape of the genet from mortality due to pathogen infestation.
Institutions and growth in limited access societies

We build a dynamic political economy model with a two-class society, workers and the elite, in which the elite formation, the innovation rate and fiscal policy are endogenous. The model generates a mapping between institutions and patterns of growth consistent with empirical evidence. Ex ante, when facing constraints in choosing institutions, the elite may delegate policy control to some of its members, even though such delegation exacerbates the conflict within the elite and causes policy failures. Committing to such institutional arrangements prevents more harmful outcomes, such as rapid entry and subsequent deterioration of the eliteʼs economic and political power.
Freedom and (theoretical) reason

In a recent series of papers, Matthias Steup has defended doxastic voluntarism against longstanding objections. Many of his arguments center on the following conditional: if we accept a compatibilist notion of voluntary control, then, in most instances, belief-formation is voluntary and doxastic voluntarism the correct view. Steup defends two versions of this conditional. The first is universal, moving from compatibilism considered generally to doxastic voluntarism: if compatibilism is true, then doxastic voluntarism is true. The second is more particular, moving from the specific form of reasons-responsive compatibilism to doxastic voluntarism: if reasons-responsive compatibilism is true, then doxastic voluntarism is true. I argue that Steup’s arguments for both conditionals fail, in which case we lack reason to believe in either of them. In the final section of the paper, I argue that the impossibility of epistemic akrasia provides prima facie reason to think the latter conditional is false.
E-023 Towards Non-Invasive Flow-Insensitive Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using AngioCEST - A Preliminary Study

Purpose Non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a widely accepted diagnostic imaging method. However, neurovascular diseases that present with slow or complex flow (eg, aneurysms) may not be fully appreciated due to flow artifacts 1 . In this report, the feasibility of using Chemical Exchange Transfer Saturation (CEST) 2 for angiography is investigated (angioCEST). Since contrast in CEST imaging is generated by the exchangeable protons in solute and not by blood flow, it is hypothesised that angioCEST will be less sensitive to slow/complex flow. Materials and Methods To evaluate generated CEST contrast from blood, experiments were performed using cylindrical tubes filled with porcine blood in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) that were emerged in saline. Imaging was performed on a 3.0T whole-body scanner using a custom-made solenoid T/R coil. CEST data was acquired using a single slice parallel to the short axis of the cylindrical tube and was corrected for B0-inhomogeneities using a WASSR 3 method. To provide proof-of-principle, angioCEST was performed on the intracranial vasculature of a healthy volunteer. Single axial WASSR and CEST slices were acquired of the brain superior to the ICA siphon using an 8-channel SENSE head coil. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn in WASSR data and automatically copied to corresponding CEST data (figure 1). Normalised Z-spectra were generated using the mean values per ROI and were filtered for noise and corrected for B0 inhomogeneities using WASSR. To quantify the generated CEST contrast, MTRasym was used 2 . Results MTRasym analysis of the porcine blood samples showed a CEST effect of approximately 12% relative to surrounding saline at 2.5 ppm offset frequency. CEST experiments were performed on ACD confirmed that the observed CEST effect was due to blood and not generated by the anticoagulant. MTRasym plots (figure 1) of arterial blood (solid line) and white matter (dashed line) are shown in the bottom panel. Corresponding ROIs were drawn in WASSR data (top left) and copied to CEST data (top right) for analysis. Arterial blood shows a clear CEST effect of approximately 8% with respect to surrounding brain tissue. Conclusion In-vitro and in-vivo experiments have shown feasibility to obtain CEST contrast from blood, which may enable development of a novel method for MR angiography that is less sensitive to flow artifacts than currently available non-invasive techniques. Disclosures I. van der Bom: None. S. Zheng: None. M. Gounis: None. References Bernstein et al. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:955–962. van Zijl et al. Magn Reson Med . 2011;65:927–948. Kim et al. Magn Reson Med . 2009;61:1441–1450.
Threshold resonances in a double well system

Abstract It is shown that the resonance reported by Szmytkowski and Szmytkowski [Phys. Lett. A 235 (1997) 217] is not a proximity resonance as defined by Heller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 4122]. Rather, it can be related to a threshold resonance connected to the antisymmetric bound state of the two wells, which enters the continuum when the wells are one scattering length apart. In addition, a surprising disappearance of the low energy s-wave cross section of two nearby wells is discussed.
Multi-round procurement auctions with secret reserve prices: theory and evidence

When a secret reserve price is used in an auction, the auctioneer cannot guarantee that the good can be sold out at the auction, and can reauction the unsold objects in the next round. Motivated by this interesting feature observed in the procurement auctions organized by the Indiana Department of Transportation, we construct a dynamic bidding model in multi-round procurement auctions with secret reserve prices and evaluate how the release of the auctioneer's reserve price affects bidders' bidding behavior and the auctioneer's expected payment. Our theoretical model predicts that the equilibrium bids uniformly decline over stages, and the numerical analysis of our model indicates that hiding the reserve price may be better than announcing it for the auctioneer under some specifications of underlying distributions. We develop an empirical model with bidders' discount factor equal to zero to recover the unknown structural parameters and to conduct counterfactual analyses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity-based learning of statistics: Using practical applications to improve students' learning

Many obstacles are involved in teaching statistics to undergraduates, including high attrition rates, students' anxiety, and a limited ability to grasp difficult concepts. These concerns can be addressed effectively by implementing strategies that require students to be actively engaged in the learning of statistics. First, we discuss how activity-based strategies and information technology can be an effective way to teach a statistics course. Second, we discuss how we changed a statistics course to include activity-based strategies. Finally, we discuss how cooperative learning, as a type of activity-based strategy, can increase students' understanding of statistics.
Mitochondria in DRG neurons undergo hyperglycemic mediated injury through Bim, Bax and the fission protein Drp1

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons degenerate in diabetic neuropathy (DN) and exhibit mitochondrial damage. We studied mitochondria of cultured DRG neurons exposed to high glucose as an in vitro model of DN. High glucose sequentially increases the expression, activation and localization of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and Bax and the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-regulated protein 1 (Drp1). High glucose causes association of Drp1/Bax, similar to other apoptotic stimuli. Collectively, these events promote mitochondrial fragmentation and reduce mitochondrial number, suggestive of apoptotic mitochondrial fission. Drp1 is also upregulated in DRG from experimentally diabetic rats, suggesting a role for mitochondrial fission in DN. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) protects high glucose-treated DRG neurons by preventing mitochondrial accumulation of Bim and Bax but does not modulate Drp1 expression or localization. We propose that mitochondria are compromised by convergence of Bim/Bax proteins with Drp1, which contributes to high glucose-induced injury in DRG neurons.
Experiences with poker

Experience from over five years of building nonshared memory parallel programs using the Poker Parallel Programming Environment has positioned us to evaluate our approach to defining and developing parallel programs. This paper presents the more significant results of our evaluation of Poker. The evaluation is driving our next effort in parallel programming environment; many of the results should be sufficiently general to apply to other related efforts.
Optimal Subcooling in Vapor Compression Systems via Extremum Seeking Control

Building systems constitute a significant portion of the overall energy consumed each year in the U.S., and a large portion of this energy is used by air-conditioning systems. Therefore, the efficiency of these systems is important. This paper presents a method to increase system efficiency using an alternative system architecture for vapor compression systems. This architecture creates an additional degree of freedom which allows for independent control of condenser subcooling. It is found that there exists a non-zero subcooling that maximizes system efficiency; however, this optimal subcooling can change with different operating conditions. Thus, extremum seeking control is applied to find and track the optimal subcooling using only limited information of the system. In a simulation case study, a 10% reduction in energy consumption is reported when using the alternative system architecture and extremum seeking control when compared to a conventional system configuration.© 2013 ASME
Spontaneous dissection of the arterial duct during continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 in a neonate with aortic arch interruption

We report a 3-day-old boy with double outlet of the right ventricle and interruption of the aortic arch who developed spontaneous dissection of the arterial duct (DA) despite use of continuous infusion of lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated the spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of DA, which was confirmed by histology at the modified Norwood procedure done at age of 18 days. This is the first report of spontaneous dissection of DA in a neonate receiving PGE1, suggesting a new closing mechanism of DA.
Presynaptic glutamatergic function in dentate gyrus in vivo is diminished by chronic exposure to inorganic lead

Reductions in membrane Ca2+ channel currents and depolarization-evoked neurotransmitter release have been repeatedly observed as a result of acute exposure to Pb2+. This study was performed to determine whether hippocampal glutamate and GABA release are impaired in intact animals chronically exposed to lead (Pb). As paired-pulse facilitation in the hippocampus is primarily mediated by an enhancement of glutamate release, this neurophysiological measure was also assessed in the dentate gyrus of Pb-exposed animals. Pregnant dams received 0.2% Pb acetate in the drinking water at parturition, and male offspring were weaned to the same solution as that given their dams. Control animals were maintained on distilled water. As adults, animals had intracerebral dialysis probes inserted through guide cannulae implanted 2-4 days previously and the hippocampal CAI-dentate area was perfused with modified Ringer's solution. Transmitter release was induced by perfusion with 150 mM K+ with half the animals in each group tested with Ca2+ present in the perfusate (total release) and the other half with Ca2+ absent (Ca(2+)-independent release). K(+)-stimulated total glutamate release was reduced in Pb-exposed animals relative to controls. No group differences were observed under Ca(2+)-free conditions, indicating that Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release was decreased in exposed rats. In contrast no group differences in K(+)-stimulated total GABA release were evident, whereas an augmentation in GABA release under Ca(2+)-free conditions was revealed in Pb-exposed animals. The effects of exposure on the Ca(2+)-dependent components of release are consistent with in vitro evidence indicating an inhibitory action of Pb2+ at voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. A separate group of animals was prepared under urethane anesthesia with stimulating and recording electrodes placed in the perforant path and dentate gyrus, respectively. Pairs of stimulus pulses were delivered at interpulse intervals (IPI) of 10-250 ms. Pb exposure induced an increase in paired-pulse depression at the 20 ms 1PI and reduced paired-pulse facilitation at the 30 ms IPI. Decreases in paired-pulse facilitation could not be attributed to the reported effects of Pb2+ on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) administration produced an opposing pattern of effects on paired-pulse measures. The Pb-induced suppression of paired-pulse facilitation is consistent with exposure-related decreases in total glutamate release. The impact of these effects of Pb exposure on hippocampal glutamatergic transmission may contribute to the reported effects of Pb on other forms of synaptic plasticity including long-term potentiation, a model of learning and memory.
Studies of magnetic resonance phenomena in polymers. II. Molecular motions in poly(methyl methacrylate) as studied by spin‐probe and spin‐label methods

Thin films of spin-probed and spin-labeled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) in the temperature range of 77–520°K. The rotational correlation times of nitroxides used as spin probes and labels have been determined as a function of temperature from which activation energies are also determined. The nitroxide rotational times are found to strongly correlate with local segmental and side-chain motions of the host PMMA matrix. Five discrete molecular motions are detected in PMMA along with their activation energies as measured: side-chain CH3 rotation (1 Kcal/mol), main-chain CH3 rotation (2 Kcal/mol), ester side-chain COOCH3 rotation around the CC bond (4 Kcal/mol), main-chain CC bond rotation (6 Kcal/mol), and side-chain OCH3 rotation around the CO bond (18 Kcal/mol). The activation energies determined by ESR are consistent with the potential-energy barriers calculated theoretically for various rotations in PMMA. It is concluded that the probe and label rotational motions do respond to localized, small-scale segmental and side-chain motions of host polymers but are relatively ineffective in response to the large-scale segmental motion with an activation energy larger than 20 Kcal/mol in the case of PMMA.
δ-Catenin dysregulation in cancer: interactions with E-cadherin and beyond.

Stable E-cadherin-based adherens junctions are pivotal in maintaining epithelial tissue integrity and are the major barrier for epithelial cancer metastasis. Proteins of the p120ctn subfamily have emerged recently as critical players for supporting this stability. The identification of the unique juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in E-cadherin that binds directly to δ-catenin/NPRAP/neurojungin (CTNND2) and p120ctn (CTNND1) provides a common motif for their interactions. Recently, crystallographic resolution of the JMD of p120ctn further highlighted possibilities of intervening between interactions of p120ctn subfamily proteins and E-cadherin for designing anti-cancer therapeutics. For most epithelial cancers, studies have demonstrated a reduction of p120ctn expression or alteration of its subcellular distribution. On the other hand, δ-catenin, a primarily neural-enriched protein in the brain of healthy individuals, is up-regulated in all cancer types that have been studied to date. Two research articles in the September 2010 issue of The Journal of Pathology increase our understanding of the involvement of these proteins in lung cancer. One reports the identification of rare p120ctn (CTNND1) gene amplification in lung cancer. One mechanism by which δ-catenin and p120ctn may play a role in carcinogenesis is their competitive binding to E-cadherin through the JMD. The other presents the first vigorous characterization of δ-catenin overexpression in lung cancer. Unexpectedly, the authors observed that δ-catenin promotes malignant phenotypes of non-small cell lung cancer by non-competitive binding to E-cadherin with p120ctn in the cytoplasm. Looking towards the future, the understanding of δ-catenin and p120ctn with and beyond their localization at the cell–cell junction should provide further insight into their roles in cancer pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Invited Commentary for Castillo et al. Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer, Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 89–98. And for Zhang et al. δ-Catenin promotes malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer by non-competative binding to E-cadherin with p120ctn in cytoplasm. Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 76–88.
Annual Cycle of Salinity and Salt Storage in the World Ocean

Abstract The annual cycle of salinity in the upper 500 m of the world ocean is described, based on climatological seasonal salinity analyses presented in a previous study. The annual cycle is examined using zonally integrated seasonal sections for the various oceans, seasonal fields for the sea surface, and maps of the zonally integrated annual range. Major features include relatively large annual cycles in the tropical Pacific (8°N) and off the coast of Labrador. For the North Atlantic, good agreement exists with the work of Smed for the sea surface.
Photochemical breakdown of acetone on copper

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have shown that acetone, when used as a cleaning agent for copper in the presence of ambient light and water vapor, slowly reacts to form acetic acid. This reaction does not occur in the absence of light. This suggests that copper acts as a photocatalyst for the reaction between acetone and water vapor. The use of acetone for degreasing copper and copper containing alloys as recommended by ASTM E1078-97 is questioned in this paper.
Using Facebook as course management software: a case study

Abstract This article presents a case study reporting the methodology and experiences of using Web 2.0 social media tools through Facebook to facilitate a graduate-level course in nursing informatics. Using Facebook as the sole classroom management software program permitted the class to become a synergetic learning team. The reader will benefit by learning how the instructor became the facilitator and a participant in the course while students became the producers of information—not just consumers.
The Calculation of the Mutual Inductance of Circular Filaments in Any Desired Positions

The calculation of the mutual inductance of circular coils whose cross-sectional dimensions are small, compared with their distance apart, depends upon basic formulas for the calculation of the mutual inductance of circular filaments. The case of coaxial circular filaments has been quite thoroughly treated and any desired accuracy is attainable. However, the available formulas for more general cases such as circles with parallel or inclined axes are slowly convergent for considerable ranges of the parameters and for such cases admit of only rough accuracy. The present paper is concerned with providing formulas and tables capable of giving a moderate accuracy, with a moderate amount of labor, even in complicated cases. The tables apply to calculations for equal circles with parallel axes, and to circles of nearly equal radii having inclined axes which intersect at the center of one of the circles. This latter case enters in the design of a variometer composed of two coils of small cross sections; the former is applicable to the calculation of a variometer with coils having eccentric axes. A general formula is derived, which allows of a fairly simple method of computation for any desired case, by the employment of a chart of the flux distribution about a circular filament carrying current. An accuracy of a few parts in a thousand is readily attainable.
Almost everywhere summability of orthogonal polynomial expansions on the unit circle

Abstract A condition is obtained for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle to be almost everywhere strongly ( C , 1)-summable.
The American Pain Foundation TARGET Chronic PainInitiative

The American Pain Foundation has developed a program to improve clinician-chronic pain patient communication. The program includes a card describing a six part evaluation process for clinicians and patient notebook in which important daily information is recorded. The program is described including information on how to obtain the resources.
Measurement of Arterial Input Function in Hyperpolarized 13C Studies

Recently, hyperpolarized substrates generated through dynamic nuclear polarization have been introduced to study in vivo metabolism. Injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate, the most widely used substrate, allows detection of time courses of [1-13C] pyruvate and its metabolic products, such as [1-13C] lactate and 13C-bicarbonate, in various organs. However, quantitative metabolic modeling of in vivo data to measure specific metabolic rates remains challenging without measuring the input function. In this study, we demonstrate that the input function of [1-13C] pyruvate can be measured in vivo in the rat carotid artery using an implantable coil.
Hippocampal Binding of Novel Information with Dominant Memory Traces Can Support Both Memory Stability and Change

Memory stability and change are considered opposite outcomes. We tested the counterintuitive notion that both depend on one process: hippocampal binding of memory features to associatively novel information, or associative novelty binding (ANB). Building on the idea that dominant memory features, or “traces,” are most susceptible to modification, we hypothesized that ANB would selectively involve dominant traces. Therefore, memory stability versus change should depend on whether the currently dominant trace is old versus updated; in either case, novel information will be bound with it, causing either maintenance (when old) or change (when updated). People in our experiment studied objects at locations within scenes (contexts). During reactivation in a new context, subjects moved studied objects to new locations either via active location recall or by passively dragging objects to predetermined locations. After active reactivation, the new object location became dominant in memory, whereas after passive reactivation, the old object location maintained dominance. In both cases, hippocampal ANB bound the currently dominant object-location memory with a context with which it was not paired previously (i.e., associatively novel). Stability occurred in the passive condition when ANB united the dominant original location trace with an associatively novel newer context. Change occurred in the active condition when ANB united the dominant updated object location with an associatively novel and older context. Hippocampal ANB of the currently dominant trace with associatively novel contextual information thus provides a single mechanism to support memory stability and change, with shifts in trace dominance during reactivation dictating the outcome.
The Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Cryogenic Valve Based on Man-Machine-Environment System Theory

For comprehensively and quantify analyzing the resource of cryogenic valve fault, improving the operating reliability of cryogenic valve, by means of the dynamic character analysis in the operation reliability of cryogenic valve, dynamic reliability influence factors of cryogenic valve are analyzed by the introduction of on man-machine-environment system theory, and a model of dynamic reliability influence of cryogenic valve is established by the quantify analyzing of man-machine-environment influence factors to evaluate the reliability of cryogenic valve and to construct operation improving measures. Finally, this method was demonstrated and validated by a sample. It has shown the proposed method can improve the benefit of dynamic reliability researching of cryogenic valve, and provide a support for adapting to complex and dynamic operating environment of cryogenic valve.
Postsplenectomy sepsis: historical background and current concepts.

Although most common in infancy and early childhood, susceptibility to postsplenectomy infection is not limited by age or underlying pathological condition. Postsplenectomy sepsis is a fulminant, rapid process which often begins with vague symptoms. Death may follow in hours unless appropriate fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy is promptly instituted. Experimental evidence suggests that spienectomy results in a loss of both mechanical and humoral protective factors. Elective spienectomy should be postponed until after age 4 years. Preoperative immunization with pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic antibiotics may play a role in preventing postsplenectomy sepsis. In instances of trauma, all or part of the spleen should be preserved when possible.
A Large Sample t-Statistic Which is Insensitive to Non-Randomness

(1951). A Large Sample t-Statistic Which is Insensitive to Non-Randomness. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 46, No. 253, pp. 79-88.
Student Use of Online Catalogs and Other Information Channels

Many information channels are available to students, but it is not clear how students select and use them. A survey of juniors at two universities found online catalogs to be the most commonly used information channel. Students identified convenience and quality of data as the top two factors in their choice of information channel. Not many students accessed the online catalog remotely. Most conducted keyword and subject searches, but few seemed to understand the differences between them. Students searched the online catalog file and the databases containing the most recent literature more frequently than other databases, and had positive views about searching the system. Analyses of selected characteristics of students showed that race, school, and economic background contributed to their information-seeking behavior. The study affirms the value of librarians and of formal information channels, suggests ways to augment the online catalog, and reminds librarians that equal access to information technology does not necessarily lead to equal use.
A simple, low cost, multielement atomic absorption spectrometer with a tungsten coil atomizer

An inexpensive, multielement atomic absorption spectrometer utilizing a tungsten coil atomizer has been developed. The novel optical arrangement employs three 60° beam combiners to blend the spectral output from four light sources such as electrodeless discharge lamps, or hollow cathode lamps, and then direct that output over an atomizer. This instrument uses an inexpensive tungsten coil atomizer that is extracted from a standard 150 W projector bulb. The temperature of the coil is computer-controlled by changing the voltage across the coil. A low voltage is first used to dry the sample then a higher voltage is used to atomize the sample. Simultaneous detection of the analyte absorption signals is accomplished using a charge-coupled device. The elements of interest in this study were Cd, Pb, and Cu. Near-line background correction was used to correct for nonspecific analyte absorption.
Evidence for mental subdivision of space by infants: 3- to 4-month-olds spontaneously bisect a small-scale area into left and right categories

Young infants have been shown to represent the left versus right spatial category relations of a target object and a vertical referent bar. In the present study, we examined whether infants would represent left versus right when the vertical bar was removed from the stimulus display. In Experiment 1, 3- to 4-month-olds who had been familiarized with stimuli depicting a diamond appearing in different locations to the left or right of the vertical midline displayed a mean novel category preference for a stimulus depicting the diamond on the opposite side of the midline. In Experiment 2, another group of 3- to 4-month-olds discriminated the within-category position changes of the diamond as it appeared to the left or right of the vertical midline. The results indicate that young infants can mentally bisect small-scale space into left versus right categories.
Resistance and paramagnetism at the superconducting transition

Abstract Experiments on the longitudinal magnetization and resistance of indium rods at the superconducting transition are described. Measurements were made under equilibrium conditions of large current, small magnetic field, and constant temperature. The correlation between resistance rise and occurrence of the “paramagnetic effect” is shown, and the form of the curve is found to be in accord with the theory proposed by H. Meissner. The maximum of the paramagnetism occurs when the resistance has approximately half its normal state value.
Silastic sheeting in retroperitoneal fibrosis

The successful use of Silastic sheeting for the prevention of recurrent ureteral fibrosis following ureteral lysis in 3 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis is reported.
Epicuticular Wax Chemicals in Zea mays Influence Oviposition in Ostrinia nubilalis

The chemical basis of oviposition elicitation in a generalist herbivore was determined by examination of oviposition responses in Ostrinia nubilalis to corn (Zea mays) chemicals in two-choice laboratory bioassays. A pentane extract of corn leaves stimulated oviposition and the activity persisted for three days, indicating that oviposition in O. nubilalis is elicited by low-volatility chemicals. Chemicals in the extract were fractionated by column chromatography on Florisil, using a sequence of solvents of increasing polarity. Bioassays of Florisil fractions indicated that the stimulants were eluted with nonpolar solvents. Positive bioassay results with an extract prepared by dipping corn leaves in pentane for 20 sec for extraction of leaf surface chemicals suggested that some of the active material was present in the leaf epicuticle. Gas chromatographic analyses and comparisons with retention times of standards suggested the presence of several n-alkanes in the dip extract. Five n-alkanes—hexacosane, heptacosane, octacosane, nonacosane, and tritriacontane—known to be present in the epicuticle of corn leaves were bioassayed, and all five elicited oviposition responses. These results suggest that oviposition elicitation in O. nubilalis is influenced by the presence of n-alkanes in the host plant epicuticle.
“Catch[ing] the nearest way”: Macbeth and cognitive metaphor

Abstract A new approach to figurative language, cognitive metaphor, is the basis of an analysis of the dramatic and critical language of and about Macbeth. The analysis shows that the container and path schemata dominate the salient metaphors of the play, as well as those of the critics who have written for the last two hundred years about Macbeth. The analysis traces Macbeth's sanguinary career as taking the form of a contained path, an analysis available only through a cognitive-metaphoric approach. Because cognitive metaphor offers independently motivated analyses - these schemata and their projections are well documented in other poetic and non-poetic language - this approach refutes the claim that the findings of stylistic studies are predetermined and wholly “interpretive” in the strictest sense.
On theories regarding some electrical aspects of thunder-storms

Since the present position of theories regarding the generation of electricity in storms has been reviewed in recent years by several writers [see 1 and 2 of ”References“ at end of paper], it is not our purpose here to present such a review. The chief purpose is rather to indicate: (a) Some conditions which must be satisfied by any theory; (b) some problems which must be solved; and (c) some specific information which must yet be obtained before one can ascertain whether any one of the proposed theories is acceptable.
Adapting lot-sizing techniques to stochastic demand through production scheduling policy

Abstract Production-inventory systems that experience significant demand variations from period to period often use deterministic lot-sizing techniques to schedule production runs. If demand is uncertain, safety stock is included to buffer against stockouts. In this paper we propose a 'dual-buffer' production scheduling policy and show that it has superior performance characteristics to the single buffer policies currently in use. The second buffer is a simple calculation based on prior work in stochastic inventory theory. Methodologically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to analyze results. This represents an unusual use of DEA
Prediction of preeclampsia

The onset of preeclampsia at or near to term is associated with low maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In contrast, those patients (1%) who suffer early onset preeclampsia engender significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, because of the lack of proven prophylaxis for preeclampsia, prediction of risk or identification of subclinical disease is desirable to identify patients for more intensive observation. There are certain at-risk groups of patients such as those with chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, multifetal gestation, and previous preeclampsia. These patients account for the majority of cases of preeclampsia in multiparas, yet only account for 14% of preeclampsia in nulliparous women. Thus, the majority of cases of preeclampsia arises from nulliparous women without medical complications at low risk. Differences in the time of onset, severity, and organ system involvement suggest there may be different underlying etiologies that ultimately lead to preeclampsia manifested as the triad of maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Distinct markers therefore may identify subgroups of at-risk patients with separate underlying causes. These markers ultimately could be used for diagnosis of disease before the clinical appearance of maternal disease (hypertension, proteinuria, and edema). Based on data from patients with established disease, with the involvement of various organ systems, potential candidate markers would include renal function (kallikrein-creatinine); coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and platelet activation (platelet volume); markers of vascular function (fibronectin, prostacyclin, thromboxane) and oxidant stress (lipid peroxides, 8-isoprostane, antioxidants, anticardiolipin antibodies, hemoglobin, iron, transferrin, homocysteine, hypertriglyceridemia, albumin isoforms); placental peptide hormones (CRH, CRHbp, activin, inhibin, hCG); vascular resistance (uteroplacental flow velocity waveforms); genetic markers; insulin resistance; and glucose intolerance. Although cross-sectional studies have identified these potential markers, they need to be evaluated in prospective longitudinal studies with rigorous definition of outcome to determine if they are useful in predicting preeclampsia and whether they can identify different subgroups of patients.
Post-deposition thermal treatments for improving the interconnection strength of a Ti-W/Au/Cu bonding system

The bonding combination of Ti-W/Au/Cu laminate strips deposited on an SiO2/Si passivated substrate is strengthened through post-deposition age-hardening thermal treatment of the deposited metals in the amorphous state. For creating a copper layer of 10 Μm thickness at the top, both electrodeposition and physical vapour deposition (evaporation) methods are applied to obtain different strip properties. Peel tests, which can simulate the strip delamination process, are conducted to evaluate the strip-substrate bonding strength. A micro-mechanics analysis indicates that weak strip stiffness is a key cause for the frequent strip-substrate separations. Consequently, the laminate composite system is heated and cooled after deposition under different treatment conditions to strengthen the strip. The specimens are heated to a temperature of 220 to 400‡C, held there for a time and cooled quickly in air or water. The strengthening effect of the amorphous metals is obvious but complicated. The improved bonding strength will decrease again if the heating temperature is lower than 200‡C or the heating time is shorter than 50 min. At room temperature, indices of performance for strip-substrate bonding strength such as average peel force, peel energy and peak peel load continuously vary within approximately 100 h, depending upon the heating treatment history. Significant improvements of up to approximately 300% have been achieved according to peel strength tests. The sticking strength becomes so high after the thermal treatment that no part of a strip can initially leave its substrate during the tests.
Relationships of Nurses' Critical Thinking Ability and Perceived Patient Self-Disclosure to Accuracy in Assessment of Depression

This descriptive study examined the relationships of nurses' critical thinking ability and perceived patient self-disclosure to accuracy in nursing assessment of depression in older medical patient...
Queering the History Painter: Concepts for Addressing »Gender« in Pre-Twentieth-Century Art at the National Gallery of Denmark

in spiteof the last decades’ many in-depth critical studies of gender-based hierarchies and exclusions in art history, the general practices of major institutions like the National Gallery of Denma...
Public relations considerations of consumer product recall

Abstract Consumer product recalls are a pervasive phenomenon of enormous consequence. Manufacturers, consumers, retailers, government regulators and the media are all major players on the recall scene, where the stakes involve unemployment, product line or plant closure, injury and death. This article argues that: 1) Product recalls are quantitatively and qualitatively significant; 2) Product recalls vary widely in effectiveness; 3) Numerous variables appear to influence recall effectiveness; and 4) Despite the great variance in recall outcome, and the plethora of variables, it is possible to identify a series of hypothesized communication tactics likely to enhance recall success.
Vibrational dynamics of ABA triatomics in a semiclassical algebraic approach

Abstract An algebraic formalism allows one to transform freely between complementary zero-order local and normal representations of vibrational dynamics of ABA triatomics. A semiclassical Interpretation of the local mode representation recovers the picture of Sibert et al. of an effective rotating top hindered by a double-well barrier. The complementary, but previously elusive normal representation pictures the vibrations as a top in an effective magnetic field. Darling—Dennison normal mode coupling due to off-diagonal unharmonic effects is represented by a quadruple-well barrier. In this normal representation, states with normal character are above the dynamical barrier, and states with local character are trapped.
libMoM : a library for stochastic simulations in engineering using statistical moments

Stochastic simulations are becoming increasingly important in numerous engineering applications. The solution to the governing equations are complicated due to the high-dimensional spaces and the presence of randomness. In this paper we present libMoM(http://libmom.sourceforge.net), a software library to solve various types of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) as well as estimate statistical distributions from the moments. The library provides a suite of tools to solve various SDEs using the method of moments (MoM) as well as estimate statistical distributions from the moments using moment matching algorithms. For a large class of problems, MoM provide efficient solutions compared with other stochastic simulation techniques such as Monte Carlo (MC). In the physical sciences, the moments of the distribution are usually the primary quantities of interest. The library enables the solution of moment equations derived from a variety of SDEs, with closure using non-standard Gaussian quadrature. In engineering risk assessment and decision making, statistical distributions are required. The library implements tools for fitting the Generalized Lambda Distribution (GLD) with the given moments. The objectives of this paper are (1) to briefly outline the theory behind moment methods for solving SDEs/estimation of statistical distributions; (2) describe the organization of the software and user interfaces; (3) discuss use of standard software engineering tools for regression testing, aid collaboration, distribution and further development. A number of representative examples of the use of libMoMin various engineering applications are presented and future areas of research are discussed.
Production planning based on demand forecasting

In any manufacturing industry, one of the areas where business leadership can focus to achieve cost reduction is inventory management. Inventory ties up working capital which could be better employed elsewhere. The main problem in inventory management is to determine inventory levels and order raw materials and produce finished products accordingly. The goal of this paper is to present a simple framework developed to assist end-users in their decision making process for inventory control. The framework is based on time series oriented forecasting methods to select the reordering strategies for independent demand of a product for small manufacturing companies.
Second Stokes generation in deuterium and hydrogen

Abstract We have investigated the transient generation of second Stokes radiation in deuterium and hydrogen as a function of gas pressure and pump energy. We have measured the threshold energies for the first and second Stokes as a function of pressure and have found different behaviors for the second Stokes threshold in the high and low pressure regimes. We postulate that the different threshold behaviors are caused by the relative importance of four-wave mixing to the total second Stokes signal in the two regimes. Further data, based on the pulse energy statistics of the first and second Stokes, is presented that supports our postulate that the second Stokes seeding is dominated by four-wave mixing at low pressures and by amplified quantum noise at high gas pressures. Measurements of the spatial profiles of the second Stokes were also made and are consistent with this interpretation.
Humoral Effects of Long-Term Oral Enalapril Therapy

Twenty-seven subjects with essential hypertension were prospectively followed for a minimum of 100 weeks, receiving either enalapril monotherapy or enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy. Blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were assessed following 4 weeks of placebo therapy, and 56 and 96 weeks of maintenance drug therapy. Blood pressure was well controlled with either form of therapy. Plasma renin activity remained stimulated following both long-term monotherapy and combination therapy. However, immunoreactive plasma angiotensin II concentration was not supressed following either long-term monotherapy or combination therapy. Similarly, plasma aldosterone concentration was not suppressed following either form of therapy; indeed, combination therapy was associated with stimulation of plasma aldosterone concentration. We conclude that enalapril monotherapy or enalaprillhydrochlorothiazide therapy was effective in controlling blood pressure, but that long-term blood pressure control must be related to an angiotensin II independent antihypertensive mechanism.