cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Center Switch Architecture in the Age of Merchant Silicon

Today, data center networks that scale to tens of thousands of ports require the use of highly-specialized ASICs, with correspondingly high development costs. Simultaneously, these networks also face significant performance and management limitations. Just as commodity processors and disks now form the basis of computing and storage in the data center, we argue that there is an opportunity to leverage emerging high-speed commodity merchant switch silicon as the basis for a scalable, cost-effective, modular, and more manageable data center network fabric. This paper describes how to save cost and power by repackaging an entire data center network as a distributed multi-stage switch using a fat-tree topology and merchant silicon instead of proprietary ASICs. Compared to a fat tree of discrete packet switches, a 3,456-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet realization of our architecture costs 52% less, consumes 31% less power, occupies 84% less space, and reduces the number of long, cumbersome cables from 6,912 down to 96, relative to existing approaches.
Bourdieu’s Cleft Sociology of Science

The paper examines Pierre Bourdieu’s extensive writings on the production of scientific knowledge. The study shows that Bourdieu offered not one but two - significantly different - approaches to scientific knowledge production, one formulated in his theoretical, or programmatic, writings on the subject, the other developed in his empirical writings. Addressing the question as to the relevance of Bourdieu’s work for science studies, the analysis argues that the former of these two approaches is at once very visible in Bourdieu’s work but characterized by limitations from the standpoint of scholarship in STS, whereas the latter approach is less conspicuous but of broader empirical value.
Metabolism leaves its mark on the powerhouse: recent progress in post-translational modifications of lysine in mitochondria

Lysine modifications have been studied extensively in the nucleus, where they play pivotal roles in gene regulation and constitute one of the pillars of epigenetics. In the cytoplasm, they are critical to proteostasis. However, in the last decade we have also witnessed the emergence of mitochondria as prime locus for post-translational modification of lysine thanks, in large measure, to evolving proteomic techniques. Here, were we review recent work on evolving set of post-translational modifications that arise from the direct reaction of lysine residues with energized metabolic thioester-coenzyme A intermediates, including acetylation, succinylation, malonylation and glutarylation. We highlight the evolutionary conservation, kinetics, stoichiometry and cross-talk between members of this emerging family of PTMs. We examine the impact on target protein function and regulation by mitochondrial sirtuins. Finally, we spotlight work in the heart and cardiac mitochondria, and consider the roles acetylation and other newly-found modifications may play in heart disease.
No One Home: Brazilian Selves Remade in Japan

No One Home: Brazilian Selves Remade in Japan. Daniel Touro Linger. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 342 pp.
Quantization as Histogram Segmentation: Optimal Scalar Quantizer Design in Network Systems

An algorithm for scalar quantizer design on discrete-alphabet sources is proposed. The proposed algorithm can be used to design fixed-rate and entropy-constrained conventional scalar quantizers, multiresolution scalar quantizers, multiple description scalar quantizers, and Wyner-Ziv scalar quantizers. The algorithm guarantees globally optimal solutions for conventional fixed-rate scalar quantizers and entropy-constrained scalar quantizers. For the other coding scenarios, the algorithm yields the best code among all codes that meet a given convexity constraint. In all cases, the algorithm run-time is polynomial in the size of the source alphabet. The algorithm derivation arises from a demonstration of the connection between scalar quantization, histogram segmentation, and the shortest path problem in a certain directed acyclic graph.
Presence in virtual environments as a function of visual and auditory cues

The paper reports the results of two experiments each investigating the sense of presence within visual and auditory virtual environments. The variables for the studies included the presence or absence of head tracking, the presence or absence of stereoscopic cues, the geometric field of view (GFOV) used to design the visual display, the presence or absence of spatialized sound and the addition of spatialized versus non-spatialized sound to a stereoscopic display. In both studies, subjects were required to navigate a virtual environment and to complete a questionnaire designed to ascertain the level of presence experienced by the participant within the virtual world. The results indicated that the reported level of presence was significantly higher when head tracking and stereoscopic cues were provided, with more presence associated with a 50 and 90 degree GFOV when compared to a narrower 10 degree GFOV. Further, the addition of spatialized sound did significantly increase ones sense of presence in the virtual environment, on the other hand, the addition of spatialized sound did not increase the apparent realism of that environment.
Lysophosphatidic acid 5 receptor induces activation of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 via apical epidermal growth factor receptor in intestinal epithelial cells

Na+ absorption is a vital process present in all living organisms. We have reported previously that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acutely stimulates Na+ and fluid absorption in human intestinal epith...
Rain, radiometry, and radar

A remote sensing system is proposed for quantitative operational measurement of the amount of liquid per unit volume in heavy rain. In particular, a 6-GHz radiometer in conjunction with a 10-cm wavelength radar is discussed. An experimental example involving a discrete heavy rain cell with a derived rainrate of 150 mm/h measured by a 6-GHz radiometer/3-GHz radar combination is given. The effect of clear air brightness temperatures, from oxygen and water vapor, on the 6-GHz radiometric rain measurements is analyzed, and an equation relating the 6-GHz brightness temperature from the rain to the radar backscattered power is derived. Design factors important in an operational observing system are also discussed. >
A theory of Bayesian decision making with action-dependent subjective probabilities

This paper presents a complete, choice-based, axiomatic Bayesian decision theory. It introduces a new choice set consisting of information-contingent plans for choosing actions and bets and subjective expected utility model with effect-dependent utility functions and action-dependent subjective probabilities which, in conjunction with the updating of the probabilities using Bayes’ rule, gives rise to a unique prior and a set of action-dependent posterior probabilities representing the decision maker’s prior and posterior beliefs.
Doppler Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: A Review

Two-dimensional echocardiography provides valuable information for the assessment of left ventricular function. Traditionally, evaluation has focused on determination of systolic performance. However, recent investigations indicate diastolic dysfunction may also contribute to symptoms of congestive heart failure in many patients despite normal systolic function. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography complements two-dimensional imaging for assessment of left ventricular filling properties that are often altered in the setting of diastolic dysfunction. The concept of diastolic fuction and recognition of abnormal filling patterns detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography are reviewed.
Sensitivity to perturbations for two-ion crystals in a Paul trap: fractal phase space boundary

We solve numerically the classical equations of motion [1] for two damped (laser-cooled) ions in a Paul r.f. trap [2]. These equations are very similar to those describing two coupled, driven anharmonic Duffing oscillators and suggest that the two-trapped ion system may be a suitable test system for studies of nonlinear dynamics and chaos on the atomic level. These studies are of interest in part because of the extensive recent experiments with modifications of the original Paul r.f. quadrupole design [3] in order to miniaturize and simplify the trap structure or with the intent of making frequency standards; for frequency standard purposes chaotic motion is something to be studied and avoided. In addition, the possibility has arisen recently of laser cooling trapped ions down to their lowest quantum states with the possibility of generating nonclassical states of motion and even in using stored ions in constructing quantum logic gates [4].
Point-of-care sonographic detection of left endobronchial main stem intubation and obstruction versus endotracheal intubation.

Objective. Determining the correct position of endotracheal tubes in critically ill patients may be complicated by external factors such as noise, body habitus, and the need for ongoing resuscitation. Multiple detection techniques have been developed to determine the correct endotracheal tube position, recently including the use of sonography to evaluate lung expansion and diaphragmatic excursion. These techniques have also been applied to diagnosis of right endobronchial main stem intubation, which may be confused with a unilateral pneumothorax in some cases. Methods. We describe the sonographic findings in a case series of endobronchial main stem intubations and obstruction, highlighting the utility of this sonographic application. Previous literature and future applications are discussed. Results. Sonographic detection of the sliding lung sign, the lung pulse, and diaphragmatic excursion can accurately detect main stem bronchial intubation as well as bronchial obstruction. Conclusions. Clinical use of lung sonography may decrease the need for chest radiography and may allow more rapid diagnosis of main stem intubation and bronchial obstruction.
Ing-Manske procedure

A variant of Gabriel amine synthesis where hydrazine is used to release the amine from the corresponding phthalimide:
Public reporting of outcomes: Implications of hospital and physician comparison sites

Abstract Several events have cascaded into the current climate of quality initiatives to improve the quality and safety of medical care. This has resulted in an explosion of public reporting of hospital and physician outcomes. While the intent is to provide useful and accurate information, there are several limitations to making direct comparisons across hospitals and physicians that care for a variety of patients in varying systemic environments. It is important to understand the limitations of public reporting before the widespread adoption of their use for reimbursement and referral patterns.
Iterative optimization-based simulation (IOS) with deterministic and stochastic trigger events in simulated time

A novel simulation-optimization model called Trigger-based Iterative Optimization-based Simulation (TIOS) framework is designed, developed and examined. This framework includes a threefold contribution of simulation, optimization and database manager. These system managers operate in harmony to achieve the goal of selecting the best system configurations (e.g. scheduling, resource allocation, etc.) for different states of the system. Considering the major activates that cause changes system's status, this frameworks is designed in such a way that updates the system configuration whenever needed. The proposed IOS approach is used to simulate a two-stage non-deterministic flow shop problem. The results prove a positive impact of the TIOS approach on the system's performance measures, although it takes longer to execute compared to the heuristic dispatching rules approaches.
Understanding Legal and Regulatory Adverse Actions: How Trouble Could Come at You.

Legal and regulatory issues often receive only brief attention during medical training, given the significant competing curriculum. Medical institutions and insurance companies may educate physicians on potential liability, but the curriculum is designed to focus on the knowledge most important to protect the medical institution and insurance company, rather than the physician. While this will often overlap with protection of the individual, that is not always the case. This note will overview the ways a physician may face trouble. The purpose is to raise awareness so that one may come out unscathed (or at least, less scathed).
Discovery of a Genetic Metabolic Cause for Mauriac Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes

A mechanistic cause for Mauriac syndrome, a syndrome of growth failure and delayed puberty associated with massive liver enlargement from glycogen deposition in children with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, is unknown. We discovered a mutation in the catalytic subunit of liver glycogen phosphorylase kinase in a Mauriac syndrome patient whose liver extended into his pelvis. Glycogen phosphorylase kinase activates glycogen phosphorylase the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in glycogen breakdown. We show that the mutant subunit acts in a dominant manner to completely inhibit glycogen phosphorylase kinase enzyme activity and that this interferes with glycogenolysis causing increased levels of glycogen in human liver cells. It is known that even normal blood glucose levels physiologically inhibit glycogen phosphorylase to diminish glucose release from the liver when glycogenolysis is not needed. The patient’s mother possessed the same mutant glycogen phosphorylase kinase subunit, but did not have diabetes or hepatomegaly. His father had childhood type 1 diabetes in poor glycemic control, but lacked the mutation and had neither hepatomegaly nor growth failure. This case proves that a mutant enzyme of glycogen metabolism can combine with hyperglycemia to directly hyperinhibit glycogen phosphorylase and block glycogenolysis causing the massive liver in Mauriac disease.
Role of Molecular Weight on the Mechanical Device Properties of Organic Polymer Solar Cells

For semiconducting polymers, such as regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (rr-P3HT), the molecular weight has been correlated to charge carrier field-effect mobilities, surface morphology, and gelation rates in solution and therefore has important implications for long-term reliability, manufacturing, and future applications of electronic organic thin films. In this work, we show that the molecular weight rr-P3HT in organic solar cells can also significantly change the internal cohesion of the photoactive layer using micromechanical testing techniques. Cohesive values ranged from ∼0.5 to ∼17 J m–2, following the general trend of greater cohesion with increasing molecular weight. Using nanodynamic mechanical analysis, we attribute the increase in cohesion to increased plasticity which helps dissipate the applied energy. Finally, we correlate photovoltaic efficiency with cohesion to assess the device physics pertinent to optimizing device reliability. This research elucidates the fundamental paramet...
Correlation Between On/Off Ratio and Electron Traps in Hole-Only Carbon-Nanotube-Enabled Vertical Field Effect Transistors

Single wall carbon nanotube enabled vertical field effect transistors (VFETs) are studied and the dependence of the on/off ratio on the relative number of electron traps is investigated. Current versus voltage measurements on several VFETs with varying interfacial trap densities in the vicinity of the nanotube network/polymer active layer junction are taken. It is found that the on/off ratio of the VFET changes from 1600 to 20 for typical operational currents as the onset gate voltage in the off-to-on transfer curve shifts from 94 V to 72 V. Such a strong dependence on trapped charge motivates future work to uncover the mechanism of charge trapping.
Spectroscopic Studies on Tetracycline in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids

Circular dichroism and steady-state fluorescence of tetracycline (1) were investigated in a series of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids. The identity of the anion of the ionic liquids was found to modulate the conformation as well as the emission intensity of tetracycline over a wide range.
Attitude-Behavior Consistency: The Impact of Product Trial versus Advertising:

The role of direct versus indirect experience in the attitude-behavior consistency issue is reviewed. Using a new communications model, the authors extend the direct/indirect experience paradigm to...
Successive clutches induced by surgical excision of post-ovulatory oocytes in the lizardCnemidophorus uniparens

19 animals had eggs excised from the oviducts soon after ovulation. Number of clutches was nearly tripled in excised animals as compared to controls. An influence of eggs in the oviduct on number of clutches is suggested and may indicate a neuronal link between oviduct and hypothalamus.
Preliminary study on grain & oil detection by laboratory accreditation

Effective quality management is an important means of ensuring laboratory management level and technology level,and the core of the quality management system is to ensure the accuracy of detection results.The practices and experiences that Qinghai grain oil detection and prevention institute established quality management system and carried out laboratory approbation according to ISO/IEC17025 were introduced.The measures about how to establish and effectively run quality management system in laboratory approbation in grain oils detection institutions were dissertated.
Destabilization of the ornithine decarboxylase mRNA transcript by the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first and usually rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. In a normal physiological state, ODC is tightly regulated. However, during neoplastic transformation, ODC expression becomes upregulated. The studies described here show that the ODC mRNA transcript is destabilized by the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP). We show that TTP is able to bind to the ODC mRNA transcript in both non-transformed RIE-1 cells and transformed Ras12V cells. Moreover, using mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines that are devoid of a functional TTP protein, we demonstrate that in the absence of TTP both ODC mRNA stability and ODC enzyme activity increase when compared to wild-type cells. Finally, we show that the ODC 3′ untranslated region contains cis acting destabilizing elements that are affected by, but not solely dependent on, TTP expression. Together, these data support the hypothesis that TTP plays a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of the ODC mRNA transcript.
Identifying the microbial taxa that consistently respond to soil warming across time and space

Soil microbial communities are the key drivers of many terrestrial biogeochemical processes. However, we currently lack a generalizable understanding of how these soil communities will change in response to predicted increases in global temperatures and which microbial lineages will be most impacted. Here, using high-throughput marker gene sequencing of soils collected from 18 sites throughout North America included in a 100-day laboratory incubation experiment, we identified a core group of abundant and nearly ubiquitous soil microbes that shift in relative abundance with elevated soil temperatures. We then validated and narrowed our list of temperature-sensitive microbes by comparing the results from this laboratory experiment with data compiled from 210 soils representing multiple, independent global field studies sampled across spatial gradients with a wide range in mean annual temperatures. Our results reveal predictable and consistent responses to temperature for a core group of 189 ubiquitous soil bacterial and archaeal taxa, with these taxa exhibiting similar temperature responses across a broad range of soil types. These microbial 'bioindicators' are useful for understanding how soil microbial communities respond to warming and to discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of soil warming on microbial communities. Those taxa that were found to be sensitive to temperature represented a wide range of lineages and the direction of the temperature responses were not predictable from phylogeny alone, indicating that temperature responses are difficult to predict from simply describing soil microbial communities at broad taxonomic or phylogenetic levels of resolution. Together, these results lay the foundation for a more predictive understanding of how soil microbial communities respond to soil warming and how warming may ultimately lead to changes in soil biogeochemical processes.
Characterization of Admission Types in Medically Hospitalized Patients Prescribed Clozapine.

Background Clozapine is the antipsychotic of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, rigorous monitoring is required to prevent or detect adverse drug events that contribute to morbidity and mortality. In addition to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed safety warnings specific to clozapine (agranulocytosis, hypotension, seizures, and cardiomyopathy/myocarditis), other adverse events such as pneumonia and gastrointestinal hypomotility have been reported in the literature to result in hospitalization. Objective To explore the reasons for medical hospitalization in patients prescribed clozapine, a retrospective chart review was completed. Methods Adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder prescribed clozapine were identified if they had a nonpsychiatric medical admission between 1/1/2003 and 8/1/2015. Demographics, admitting diagnosis, admitting service type, psychiatric consult information, clozapine dosing, and drug interactions were collected. Results Overall, 104 patients, representing 248 hospitalizations, were admitted to a medical unit during the study period. The predominant admission types were for the management of either pulmonary (32.2%) or gastrointestinal (19.8%) illnesses. The most common pulmonary diagnosis was pneumonia, accounting for 58% of pulmonary admissions. Further, 61.2% of the gastrointestinal admissions were related to hypomotility, ranging from constipation to death. Clozapine was discontinued owing to neutropenia in 2 patients; however, in both cases concomitant chemotherapy had been given. Conclusion In patients prescribed clozapine admitted to nonpsychiatric medical settings, gastrointestinal and pulmonary illnesses were common, but not illnesses related to boxed warnings. Additional research is needed to better assess the causality and true incidence of gastrointestinal or pulmonary events associated with clozapine. Furthermore, clinicians must be prepared to prevent, detect, and manage potentially life-threatening events associated with clozapine.
Emerson’s Newspaperman: Horace Greeley and Radical Intellectual Culture, 1836-1872

This monograph examines New-York Tribune editor Horace Greeley’s support of radical intellectual culture throughout his influential journalistic career, from the antebellum era to the Gilded Age. H...
Adrenocortical and Gonadal Steroids in Behavioral Cardiovascular Medicine

The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines for the evaluation of steroid hormone secretion as they relate to cardiovascular function. As aldosterone is covered elsewhere in a discussion of renin—angiotensin—aldosterone secretion (see Atlas, this volume), this chapter will focus on glucocorticoid and gonadal steroids. Parameters relevant to cardiovascular function are emphasized rather than classical endocrinologic methods for assessing adequacy of hormone secretion. This involves somewhat different strategies, as changes in hormone secretion rather than absolute hormone levels are of considerable importance, particularly in understanding the role of behavioral variables in cardiovascular disease.
Stochastic mirage phenomenon and scintillations in EM wave propagation through atmospheric turbulence

We present results that capture the mirage phenomenon in random atmospheric media. We also derive from the Helmholtz equation an effective equation that describes wave effects due to stochastic medium fluctuations.
Same-sex marriage legalization and wedding tourism: evidence from Charleston and Savannah

We examine the effect of same-sex marriage (SSM) legalization on hotel room occupancy in the cities of Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia, two popular wedding destinations that are otherwise similar except for different SSM legalization dates. Using daily data on the number of hotel rooms rented, we find scant evidence that SSM legalization increased the number of hotel rooms let in Charleston or Savannah.
Emerging Adulthood (Journal)

Emerging Adulthood is the official journal of the Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood, published by SAGE Publications. It is an interdisciplinary and international journal that focuses on a broad range of developmental topics from the late teens through the twenties. The journal publishes quantitative and qualitative method papers as well as mixed methods studies. Keywords: developmental science; emerging adulthood; scientific journal
Head and neck cancer reirradiation with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Background As high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy can preferentially spare normal anatomic structures surrounding the radiation target, we report on our experience using this technique in head and neck cancer reirradiation. Methods Twenty patients received HDR brachytherapy reirradiation with curative or palliative intent from 2010-2015. Clinical and toxicity outcomes were recorded. Actuarial outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results For curative treatment, actuarial 2-year rates of local control and overall survival (OS) were 73% and 56%, respectively. Palliatively, a 6-month local control rate of 65% was seen. Age >70 years was associated with poorer OS (P = .042). Prior salvage resection showed a trend toward improved local control and OS (P = .069 and P = .063, respectively). Thirty-three percent had grade 3 to 4 late toxicities. Conclusion Curative-intent HDR brachytherapy reirradiation can provide excellent local control and encouraging OS. Given the late toxicity rates, patient selection is essential, with particular utility for younger patients or those treated with salvage resection.
Exploring “Deep Roots”: Politics of Place and Groundwater Management Practices in the Pajaro Valley, California

Groundwater is one of the most critical natural resources in an era of climate change, yet groundwater depletion is extensive in many parts of the world. The Pajaro Valley, an agricultural region i...
State of the Practice for Laboratory Testing of Soft Soils: It's All in the Details

As with all material testing, soils testing has undergone dramatic advances in technology because of computer automation. In the 1970s, laboratories were filled with dial gages, proving rings, mercury pots, and pressure regulators. It was an environment dominated by manual labor, imposing many constraints on test capability and duration. For example, collecting time-deformation measurements during all the increments of an oedometer test was an expensive venture.
Microfluidics-enabled rational design of immunomagnetic nanomaterials and their shape effect on liquid biopsy

Microfluidics brings unique opportunities for the synthesis of nanomaterials toward efficient liquid biopsy. Herein, we developed the microreactor-enabled flow synthesis of immunomagnetic nanomaterials with controllable shapes (sphere, cube, rod, and belt) by simply tuning the flow rates. The particle shape-dependent screening efficiency of circulating tumor cells was first investigated and compared with commercial ferrofluids, providing new insights into the rational design of a particulate system toward the screening and analysis of circulating tumor biomarkers.
Evolutionary Analysis of the ErbB Receptor and Ligand Families

We have compared all available deduced protein sequences of the ErbB family of receptors and their ligands. Analysis of the aligned sequences of the receptors indicates that there are some differences in the receptors that are specific to invertebrates. In addition, comparison of the vertebrate ErbB receptors suggest that a gene duplication event generated two ancestral receptors, the ErbB3/ErbB4 precursor and the ErbB1/ErbB2 precursor. Subsequent gene duplications of these precursors generated the four receptors present in mammals. Analysis of the sequences for the known ligands of the ErbB receptors suggests that the vertebrate ligands segregate into the ErbB1 ligands and the ErbB3/ErbB4 ligands, paralleling the evolution of the receptors; however, it is difficult to ascertain any correlation between the invertebrate and the vertebrate ligands. Even though ErbB3 is kinase-impaired, there is significant conservation of the kinase domain within the vertebrate lineage (human, rat, and F. rubripes), suggesting some function for this domain other than kinase activity, such as mediating protein–protein interactions that are involved in receptor dimerization and/or activation of the kinase domain of the heterodimerization partner. To date, no ligand for ErbB2 has been identified, and comparison of the extracellular domains of ErbB2 reveals two regions that are not conserved across the mammalian species. These two regions of divergence align with sequences in ErbB1 that have been shown to be proximal to the amino-terminus and to the carboxyl-terminal region, respectively, of bound EGF. Further, one of these regions contains an insertion, relative to the other members of the mammalian ErbB family, which might affect the ligand binding site and provide a structural basis for this receptor's apparent inability to bind ligand independently.
The Leader or Leadership - Which Is the Key to Success? Is the Shadow of Leader's Traits Hunts Organizational and Societal Systems from Achieving Long Term Sustainability?

Modern leadership theories, while started with the trait approach, have offered much more sophisticated conceptual frameworks for the study of leadership in the past century that go well beyond the initial theories. The process of evolution in leadership thoughts resulted in emerging a series of conceptual frameworks and models that started with focusing on leadership behaviors and styles, and not necessarily on the leader as a primary factor. Later situational theories brought the issue of contextual factors as a main basis for shaping leadership approaches compatible with the demands of both internal and external environments with the aim of selecting the optimal leadership style that leads to the success and sustainability of the institution. This paper takes the position that the primary focus on leadership success need to be put on creating a leadership system and its related processes that permeate throughout the entity and not on individual leader's predisposition or action. By bring some examples from the real world this position supports that effective leaders are those who always pay attention to creating a leadership system and processes that permeate the whole entity and outlive their very presence. The final conclusion of the paper is that key to successful and effective leadership would be to be adoptive, give primacy to the leadership system compatible with the needs of the time and situation and not giving too much credit to the action of an individual leader more than it deserves. This would open the path to success and sustainability for any system, be it business, public, nonprofit, or political entity.
Australian Aboriginal Cognition in Context

Psychological and educational interest in Australian Aborigines since the turn of this century has produced a considerable body of cognitive research evidence. Most of this has been characterised by inappropriate research methodology based on theoretical assumptions derived from a context-specific and therefore centricultural western psychology. The impact of such evidence has contributed extensively to ideologically convenient notions of culturally-based differences in cognitive capacities, and produced impoverished rationales which have directed the transference of deficit interpretations placed upon standardised psychological test results with Aborigines into applied educational contexts, usually through the instigation of unsuccessful ‘client-change’ programmes. Recent cognitive research concerned with examining operational skills exercised in the context of Aboriginal culture has emphasised the cognitive proficiency of Aboriginal people, and has begun to outline a complex array of culture-relevant cognitive and learning strategies. Such research has ethnographically recognised Aboriginal cognitive competence, due in some measure to the reconceptualisation of cognition in terms of context-sensitive processes or operations, instead of inherent properties or capacities. It has sought to identify and examine those situations in which that competence may be evident, and further to comprehend and analyse the processes underlying the skills by which that competence is expressed.
Trends in EPR Technology

A personal view of trends in EPR technology is presented. It is unlikely that the fundamental structure of the field will change, but it will be strongly influenced by the rapid increase in computer power, digital storage, and signal processing capability. In the author’s laboratory current themes are resonator enhancement by electromagnetic field finite element modeling, analysis of noise, and digital detection and acquisition of data at multiple microwave frequencies. Some trends foreseen are (1) optimization of resonators for ultrasmall samples; (2) step-recovery pulse EPR in which the initial conditions may be established by a step in some experimental condition such as light level or nuclear frequency irradiation; (3) blurring of the distinction between pulse and CW EPR as temporal changes in the resonant condition of a “CW” measurement are changed in times of the order of spin relaxation times; and (4) increased use of ELDOR.
Geographies of Impact and the Impacts of Geography: Unconventional Oil and Gas in the American West

Abstract Oil and gas exploration and development have a long history and remain important in the American West. The region supported 150,000 well completions from 2000 to 2017. In the same timeframe, unconventional oil and gas development in the West’s Niobrara and Bakken formations contributed 28% of United States shale oil production and 14% of shale gas yields. This essay introduces the concept of “impact geography” as a guiding framework for synthesizing literature on social impacts of unconventional oil and gas development and deploys the concept in a review of recent published literature on social impacts in the region. The impact geography approach reflects the fact that that social impacts are generated by, and contingent upon, interactions between economic cycles, geology, technology and local context as they occur in particular spaces and places. This review of social impacts, broadly defined, is organized around three major impact geographies: rural and remote; (sub) urban; and sovereign nations. Within these geographies, we identify a variety of places—boomtowns, industrialized countrysides, borderlands, petro-suburbs, and focusing sites —and survey the impacts that stakeholders within them have experienced as they have been reported in the academic literature.
Patterns of land cover and land use change within the two major metropolitan areas of Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world experiencing the highest rates of urbanization and population growth. However, the expansion of cities in sub-Saharan Africa is following a different t...
Liability and Electroshock Therapy

The malpractice status of the use of electroshock therapy (electroencephalotherapy) has been reviewed. In about 40 years, there have been relatively few reported cases dealing with EST (EET) and professional liability. Few cases have been won, and those generally for modest amount. However, future successful claims are expected to reflect current inflation. Certainly the limited volume of litigation would seem to raise a question as to the justification for the extent of the surcharges charged for psychiatric malpractice insurance for the administration of EST. Potential liability for EST continues to be a significant threat to the psychiatric practitioner, although drug matters, suicide, and conformance with legal standards seem a more significant area for current litigation. Those who use EST (EET) can minimize liability exposure by (1) obtaining an informed consent from the patient, (2) describing the method of treatment and possible complications to the family or patient and so noting, (3) ensuring legal authority to treat the patient who is incompetent to give consent or for whom special procedures are required, (4) treating in accordance with accepted procedures, (5) avoiding outpatient EST, if possible, (6) paying close attention to patient complaints, (7) keeping good records, and (8) not promising perfection.
Prohibiting pet crayfish does not consistently reduce their availability online

Abstract The pet trade is a significant source of introductions of non-indigenous aquatic species, such as crayfish. To test whether legislation that regulates the ownership of ornamental animals for aquariums had the desired effect of reducing the availability of those pets, classified advertising websites were monitored for sales of crayfish in jurisdictions with and without legislation regulating the ownership of crayfish. Advertisements from Canadian provinces with legislation against owning crayfish were compared to provinces without such legislation. The population adjusted number of advertisements for crayfish, and number of distinct sellers of crayfish, was significantly lower in one of two provinces that prohibited crayfish compared to provinces that permitted crayfish. This mixed outcome suggests that legislation alone does not consistently reduce online trade in crayfish.
Abstract 011: Comprehensive Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Trial in Persons With Serious Mental Illness (IDEAL Trial)

Introduction: Persons with serious mental illness (SMI) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with CVD mortality with rates at least twice those of the overall US. Potentially modifiab...
Are current therapies useful for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia? A critical analysis of the literature.

Study objective:To determine whether current therapies are useful in preventing postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by analysis of study designs and pooled results.
Expression of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis genes during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

The dhod gene encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition to the common 1.5 kb dhod RNA expressed by embryos and females, adult males produce a group of slightly longer RNAs, arising from alternative sites of transcription initiation. Testis-limited expression of dhod conforms to an established pattern of expression of other genes that function during spermiogenesis: transcription in spermatocytes, storage of translationally inactive RNA through meiosis, translation of the RNA during spermiogenesis. Very similar expression of a testis promoter-lacZ fusion transgene indicates that sequences required for the spermatogenesis transcription and translation patterns are confined to the 5’ end of the dhod gene. We have extended these studies to the D. melanogaster r and r-l genes which encode, respectively, steps one through three (CAD protein) and steps five through six (UMP synthase) of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The in situ hybridization pattern for r RNA and the pattern of expression of an r promoter-lacZ fusion transgene in testis is indistinguishable from the patterns observed for dhod. However, r-l RNA does not accumulate in spermatogenesis and r-l promoter-lacZ fusion transgene constructs give no distinct expression pattern in spermiogenesis. Thus, it appears that the first four enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway participate in a novel function during spermatogenesis that does not involve synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Rather, we hypothesize that these enzymes contribute electrons to unknown redox processes that are important for the final stages of spermiogenesis.
Multiple Stressors Influence Salt Marsh Recovery after a Spring Fire at Mugu Lagoon, CA

This paper presents the first record of fire in Pacific coast salt marshes; the 1993 Green Meadows Fire and the 2013 Camarillo Springs Fire burned an area of Salicornia-dominated salt marsh at Point Mugu, CA. These fires inspire concern about resiliency of ecosystems not adapted to fire, already threatened by sea-level rise (SLR), and under stress from extreme drought. We monitored vegetation percent cover, diversity, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in burned and unburned areas of the salt marsh following the 2013 Camarillo Springs Fire and used remotely sensed Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) analysis to verify the in situ data. Two years following the fire, vegetation percent cover in burned areas was significantly lower than in unburned areas, with dominant-species change in recovered areas, and NDVI was lower than pre-fire conditions. Multi-year disturbance, such as fire, presents challenges for salt marsh resilience and dependent species, especially in sites facing multiple stressors. With anticipated higher temperatures, increased aridity, extreme drought, and higher frequency fires becoming a reality for much of the Pacific coast, this study indicates that fire in Salicornia-dominated marshes is a vulnerability that will need to be addressed differently from other grass- or reed-dominated marsh systems.
Polyomavirus and cytomegalovirus infections are risk factors for grafts loss in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant.

Background Published literature on predictors of polyomavirus (BKV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant and their impact on allograft outcomes remain sparse. We hypothesize that BKV and CMV viremia infections decrease allograft survival in SPK. Identifying modifiable predictors of BKV and CMV may help tailor immunosuppression and improve allograft survival. Methods All SPK recipients at our institution between January 2000 and April 2016 were included (n = 757). Thirty-nine recipients had BKV only and 25 had CMV only, and infection occurred at median follow-up times of 217 and 163 days, respectively. Event density sampling was used to match recipients with BKV or CMV to up to 10 recipients without infection by age, sex, and HLA mismatch status, and these were followed for a median of 4.3 years after infection. Results Older age (HR 1.49 for each decade; 95% CI: 0.95, 2.35; P = .083) and tacrolimus use (HR 20.6; 95% CI: 2.37, 179.53; P = .006) were associated with increased incidence of BKV, but not CMV, infection. Both BKV and CMV infections were associated with increased risk of allograft failure for both pancreas (BKV [HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.47, 3.208; P = .000], CMV [HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.077, 2.687; P = .023]) and kidney (BKV [HR 2.65; 95% CI 1.765, 3.984; P = .000], CMV [HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.295, 3.308; P = .002]). Conclusion Older age at time of transplant and tacrolimus may help predict BKV infection in SPK recipients.
ACUTE MANIA INDUCED TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) predominantly occurs in females with a high incidence with psychiatric diseases A 64-year-old caucasian female with bipolar-I disorder presented with an acute manic episode. Patient had not been sleeping well and was not taking her medications. She complained of
The effects of high gravitational stress on the expression of stress response genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

As humans venture farther into space, we are increasingly interested in how plants respond to the unique conditions of spaceflight. This experiment focuses on how gene expression in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is affected by high-gravitational stress that is comparable to the amount experienced on a small model rocket. The genes chosen have been studied previously for their roles in mechanical stress and pathogen response. Our results showed an increase in expression of the genes TCH2, TCH3, and MPK3, no change in the expression of CBP60g, and a decrease in the expression of RCI3 and ICS1. These results are largely consistent with spaceflight data and warrant further investigation into the effects of rocket launch on plant growth.
Chapter 238 – Soil Habitats

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the behavior of soil inhabiting insects. Behavioral responses of soil inhabiting insects are much more difficult to observe and quantify. Soil texture and structure can have a direct impact on arthropod behavior and adaptations. Field studies of soil insects often quantify the consequences of behavior, whereas the actual behaviors are only inferred. The upper layers of most soils, as well as leaf litter, support active microbial communities. Many of these organisms are natural decomposers, breaking down plant and animal tissues that ultimately become part of the organic matter in the underlying soil. Interestingly, many edaphic arthropod populations are nearly free of disease. Several studies have demonstrated that secretions from many different edaphic arthropods inhibit vegetative growth or suppress the germination of pathogenic organisms. Organisms in the soil (and leaf litter) community play very different roles, based in part on their size. Organisms (e.g., protozoa, bacteria, and some nematodes) that exist in water films, often in soil micropores, have resource requirements and defense needs that differ from those of organisms able to move in and out of soil pores independently. Further, one of the greatest challenges facing soil insect ecologists is the need to develop techniques of insect movement and feeding behavior in situ while minimizing disturbance of the soil system.
Does transit moderate spatial mismatch? The effects of transit and compactness on regional economic outcomes

Abstract The theory of spatial mismatch states that the physical separation of people from their employment contributes to persistent unemployment and poverty. Although early research on spatial mismatch related more to housing discrimination, transit has long been considered a way to alleviate this issue by providing access to opportunity for disadvantaged populations. In this paper, we test the theory that transit can act as a moderator on the relationship between spatial mismatch and unemployment and poverty. We find that transit does affect, though modestly, unemployment and poverty through its effect on compactness. This study is the first to find a relationship between transit and poverty using a national sample of US regions. The findings give credence to transit-supportive policies that seek to use transit as a lever to improve regional economic conditions and alleviate unemployment and poverty.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (FSDALK)

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty is a partial-thickness corneal graft technique void of endothelium. DALK technique offers several advantages over penetrating keratoplasty such as it being an extraocular procedure, never entering into the anterior chamber. Additionally, there is no risk of endothelial rejection and reduced need for immunosuppressive medications. DALK has shown similar VA outcomes when compared to PKP. Femtosecond laser-assisted DALK offers a more accurately prepared and matched transplant incision. Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.