cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Judicial Reform in Florida, 1970-2000: Voters’ Responses to Referenda Across Time

In this note, we examine the influences on voters’ responses to judicial referenda across time. We focus on Florida because it is a microcosm for the nation. We examine the judicial reform referenda measures put to voters across time beginning with the 1970 election and extending through the latest referenda in 2000. Using data that cover referenda relating to judicial reforms for all levels of the Florida court system across this thirty year period, we find that demographics variables, such as educational attainment and income level, were associated with voters’ responses, as was partisan identification across our period. We further find that the context in which the reform is instituted may influence voter perception of the need for reform in state courts, and questions of political mobilization, turnout and structural ballots effects were similarly related to the success or failure of efforts to reform the judiciary.
An Investigation of Baffles and Asperities on Slosh Behavior in Propellant Tanks of Spacecraft and Launch Vehicles

Oscillating liquid fuel inside the propellant tank of spacecraft and launch vehicles is of concern when considering the attitude stability of the vehicle. As the oscillating liquid comes into contact with the sidewalls of the propellant tank, the resulting energy dissipation produces forces and torques on the sidewalls of the tank. The focus of this research is to investigate the fuel slosh behavior in propellant tanks in the presence of baffles and asperities. Different types of baffles and hemispherical asperities are introduced inside the tank to characterize the slosh behavior of the fluid. The modeling and the analysis of slosh is done using the CFD solver ANSYS CFX for tanks with and without baffles and for tanks with hemispherical asperities. Physical models are fabricated for experimental testing using the fuel slosh test facility at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. Using the single axis linear actuator and fuel tank set up in the test facility, experimental results are obtained with and without baffles. The CFD modeling and experimental results are compared.
Stability Analysis of Fully-Coupled and Loosely-Coupled Schemes for Combustion CFD

Combustion CFD calculations using fully-coupled and loosely-coupled approaches are analyzed using zero-dimensional simulations and von Neumann stability analysis. Several loosely-coupled variants are considered, including dierent choices of the primary dependent variable and dierent ways of partitioning the equations. Results indicate that only the fully-coupled scheme is always stable, while the various loosely-coupled approaches behave dierently depending upon the Mach number and the relative strengths of the combustion source terms. In general, the loosely-coupled method using internal energy as the solution variable is conditionally stable, while that using temperature as the variable is stable for subsonic flow but unstable for supersonic flow.
Toward a More Analytic Framework for Public Health Workforce Research

This special supplement of the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice reflects the increasing attention focused on public health workforce research. Interest in this area has grown since the publication of a 2003 Institute of Medicine report, which documented future challenges to public health infrastructure and workforce. A credible federal effort to enumerate and characterize the national public health workforce was relatively recent and long overdue, but amidst the now constant assertions of critical worker shortages, the time has come when more refined models for assessing public health capacity are needed. In the accompanying article, “Health Human Resources Planning and the Production of Health: Development of an Extended Analytical Framework for Needs-Based Health Human Resources Planning,” Birch et al propose a needs-based approach for estimating necessary human health resources. The authors argue, convincingly, that human health resources planning has tended to be an exercise in demographic computation using age and sex of the population as proxy measures for service need while ignoring important variables such as changes in population health over time, productivity levels of providers, and the quantity of service required, all key determinants of provider requirements. Instead, their analytic framework derives number and type of providers required directly from (needs-based) service requirements. As a generic tool with potential application in a variety of healthcare settings, this model has clear relevance for public health workforce research. Particularly important for national public health leadership, this framework calls for explicitly identifying determinants of providers needed, thereby avoiding the “illusion of necessity” which generates continuously increasing estimates for the number of providers (workers) needed. Ask any local or state
History's future: reflections on lesbian and gay history in the community

From its beginnings in the nineteenth century, the lesbian and gay political movement has been linked to a search for lesbian and gay history. In the post-Stonewall period, community-based historians have been fostering interest in the lesbian and gay past and developing distinctive forms for disseminating their research--in particular, the lesbian/gay archive, the slide-lecture presentation, and the community-based audience. Analyzing the content of these forms reveals how the fascination of the artifact, the image, and the Other fosters the construction of both knowledge and identity. It is these forms of knowledge, rather than their content as such, that are in danger of being forgotten as lesbian and gay studies becomes academically institutionalized.
The Copernican Revolution: Subject and Consciousness

Maimon’s criticism of Reinhold’s principle of consciousness is tied in with his criticism of the concept of a thing-in-itself. By considering representation (Vorstellung) as related to an object and a subject, Rein-hold presupposes the reality of both, object-in-itself and subject-in-itself. A relation between A and B as between two objects presupposes their reality as separate entities. Only in a dogmatic system of thought, according to which the reality of things-in-themselves is assumed, is it proper to speak of representation as related to an object.
Relativistic distorted-wave collision strengths for Δn=0 transitions in the 67 Li-like, F-like and Na-like ions with 26≤Z≤92

Abstract Relativistic distorted-wave collision strengths have been calculated for all possible Δ n = 0 transitions, where n denotes the valence shell of the ground level, in the 67 Li-like, F-like and Na-like ions with Z in the range 26 ≤ Z ≤ 92 . This choice produces 3 transitions with n = 2 in the Li-like and F-like ions, and 10 transitions with n = 3 in the Na-like ions. For the Li-like and F-like ions, the calculations were made for the six final, or scattered, electron energies E ′ = 0.008 , 0.04 , 0.10 , 0.21 , 0.41 , and 0.75, where E ′ is in units of Z eff 2 Ry with Z eff = Z − 1.66 for Li-like ions and Z eff = Z − 6.667 for F-like ions. For the Na-like ions, the calculations were made for the six final electron energies E ′ = 0.0025 , 0.015 , 0.04 , 0.10 , 0.21 , and 0.40, with Z eff = Z − 8.34 . In the present calculations, an improved “top-up” method, which employs relativistic plane waves, was used to obtain the high partial-wave contribution for each transition, in contrast to the partial-relativistic Coulomb–Bethe approximation used in previous works by Zhang, Sampson and Fontes [H.L. Zhang, D.H. Sampson, C.J. Fontes, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 44 (1990) 31; H.L. Zhang, D.H. Sampson, C.J. Fontes, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 48 (1991) 25; D.H. Sampson, H.L. Zhang, C.J. Fontes, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 44 (1990) 209]. In those previous works, collision strengths were also provided for Li-, F- and Na-like ions, but for a more comprehensive set of transitions. The collision strengths covered in the present work should be more accurate than the corresponding data given in those previous works and are presented here to replace those earlier results.
Analysis of Distribution and Resistance of 2180 Strains of Pathogen

Objective: To analyse the distribution of pathogens and anti-microbial resistance to guide drug treatment in clinic of The Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou. Methods: Collecting all pathogens isolated from different clinical specimens,and analyzing the results of susceptibility test of pathogenic bacteria statistically. Results: A total of 2180 clinical isolates were collected, including 821 strains of Gram-negative bacilli(37.66%), the most common pathogens of which were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pheumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the lowest resistance to Gram-negative bacilli was carbapenem. There were 1300 strains of Gram-positive cocci(59.63%), the most common pathogens of which were Streptococcus viridians, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus penumoniae. In our data, no vancomycin resistant S aureus were isolated, and there were 59 strains of fungus(2.71%),most of which were Candida albicans. Conclusion: Analyzing the pathogen distribution and monitoring the drug resistance of bacteria regularly are helpful to the reasonable application of antibacterials in clinic.
Secreted Extracellular Virulence Factors

Group A streptococci produce a wide variety of secreted extracellular products, many of which are considered virulence factors. The number of these potential virulence factors exceeds that of many other pathogens, and probably correlates to this organism’s ability to be a successful pathogen. This chapter reviews those virulence factors that are secreted and released from the streptococcus, including: streptokinase, proteinases, esterase, the hemolysins SLO and SLS, CAMP factor, DNases, hyaluronidases, complement inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, and immunoglobulin degrading enzymes. Many of these presumed virulence factors may also function as digestive enzymes that provide the bacteria with nutrients from the host.
Consistent fluctuations in quantities of circulating immune complexes during progressive and regressive phases of tumor growth.

Abstract Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were quantitated by a Raji cell radioimmunoassay in sera from Brown Norway rats bearing progressing or regressing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. Quantitative profiles of CIC over time were related to tumor dose, tumor mass, and the regressive or progressive course of tumor growth. Animals bearing progressing tumors demonstrated an initial peak of CIC levels by 7 weeks but thereafter displayed a persistent decline in quantities of CIC despite continued tumor growth. Animals bearing regressing tumors were found to have a more directly proportional relationship between the tumor mass and the levels of CIC, but the appearance and disappearance of CIC lagged slightly behind the appearance and disappearance of the tumor. These data are almost identical to data previously published detailing quantities of CIC in BN and Lewis rats bearing Moloney sarcomas and are similar to fluctuations in CIC observed in animals and humans hosting a number of disparate neoplasms.
Freshman Learning Communities in Agriculture: Observations and Assessment

Students often encounter difficulties during the transition from high school to college, which, in turn, adversely affect student retention and success in college. In response, some college programshavedevelopedlearningcommunitiesasameanstofoster a greater sense of belonging, improve success among new freshmen,andreducethecostofstudentattrition.Theobjective ofthispaperistodescribeourexperienceswithfreshmanlearning communities within the Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University during fall 1998, and fall 1999 to spring 2000 terms. Our discussion is based upon comparisons of two learning community groups, one control group during 1998, and the general agronomy student population. Results show our learning communities made some small, albeit significant, impacts. Successesincludeimprovedacademicperformance,increasedretention rates, and a positive perception among faculty about the valueandusefulnessofthelearningcommunity.Whilethesefindings are valuable, they are somewhat less than the lofty predictionsonecanreadintheliterature. Ourlearningcommunityhas experienced some early, limited success, and we plan to continue the program.
Abstract 729: Novel role of CB2R in tuning breast tumor microenvironment, EGF/EGFR and IGF-I/IGF-IR pathways

Cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2R) is an integral part of the endocannabinoid system. It is upregulated in the primary breast cancer lesions and in different types of immune cells however; its functional role in breast tumorigenesis is not well understood. The present study was aimed at evaluating the mechanistic anti-tumor role of CB2R activation on breast cancer cells and immune cells within the breast tumor microenvironment. First, we analyzed the anti-tumorigenic mechanisms of CB2R activation in ERa- and ERa+ breast cancer cells. Our studies showed that CB2R specific agonist (JWH-015) inhibits EGF and IGF-I-induced migration and invasion of ERa+ and ERa- breast cancer cells. At the molecular level, JWH-015 inhibits EGFR and IGF-IR activation and their downstream targets STAT3, AKT, ERK, NF-kB and MMP-9/MMP-2. Interestingly, We found that JWH-015 significantly reduces breast cancer growth in vivo and the tumors that were derived from CB2R agonist treatment showed reduced activation of EGFR and IGF-IR and their downstream targets compared to control group. Since CB2R is overexpressed in immune cells, we assessed for the role of CB2R activation on modulation of immune cells present in tumor stroma. We observed increased tumor weight, more myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (CD11b+/Gr-1+) and less CD3+/CD8+ cells in orthotopically injected CB2R knock out mice compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, we found that JWH-015-treated wild type mice have reduced tumor growth and metastasis, more CD3+/CD8+ cells and less MDSCs within the tumor stroma. For the first time, we show that CB2R activation might suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis through novel mechanisms of inhibiting EGFR and IGF-IR signaling axes on tumor cells and modulating the immune cells’ compositions within the breast tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Mohamad Elbaz, Mohd Nasser, Janani Ravi, Dinesh Ahirwar, Ramesh Ganju. Novel role of CB2R in tuning breast tumor microenvironment, EGF/EGFR and IGF-I/IGF-IR pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 729.
Erythropoietin, Anemia and Kidney Disease

Publisher Summary Erythropoietin deficiency is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia in both adults and children. Erythropoietin treatment has transformed the lives of millions of CKD patients. Several forms of recombinant erythropoietin are currently available, and treatment is effective. Recent evidence has raised concerns about the safety of erythropoietin, but, so far, the precise mechanism underlying this risk of adverse outcome has not been delineated. Anemia is a common complication in CKD and increases in prevalence as kidney disease worsens. The World Health Organization defines anemia for males as a hemoglobin level
Strategies for Success: Early-Stage Collaborating Biostatistics Faculty in an Academic Health Center

ABSTRACTCollaborative biostatistics faculty (CBF) are increasingly valued by academic health centers (AHCs) for their role in increasing success rates of grants and publications, and educating medical students and clinical researchers. Some AHCs have a biostatistics department that consists of only biostatisticians focused on methodological research, collaborative research, and education. Others may have a biostatistics unit within an interdisciplinary department, or statisticians recruited into clinical departments. Within each model, there is also variability in environment, influenced by the chair's background, research focus of colleagues, type of students taught, funding sources, and whether the department is in a medical school or school of public health. CBF appointments may be tenure track or nontenure, and expectations for promotion may vary greatly depending on the type of department, track, and the AHC. In this article, the authors identify strategies for developing early-stage CBFs in four dom...
How Human Ecology Students Choose A Major

Choosing a major is a significant decision in the life of college students; yet, very little is known about how students in family and consumer sciences disciplines choose their majors. This study shares the stories of how 75 students enrolled in a College of Human Ecology chose their majors. Analysis of the stories indicated that students chose majors based on their experiences, influence from others, information gathering, and goals for the future. Results from this exploratory study can be used to help Family and Consumer Sciences faculty and administrators recruit, retain, and graduate students in a timely manner.
Low-lying E 1 strength in 20 O

Intermediate energy Coulomb excitation at 100 MeV/nucleon was used to probe the low-lying level structure of both ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{20}\mathrm{O}$ in the region between 1 and 8 MeV. Discrete ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states with energies of 5.35(10) and 6.85(5) MeV were observed in ${}^{20}\mathrm{O}.$ The strong direct excitation and subsequent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray decay of these states, along with $B(E\ensuremath{\lambda})$ predictions for ${}^{18,20}\mathrm{O}$ levels in this energy region, established their dipole character. The extracted $B(E1)\ensuremath{\uparrow}$ values of ${0.062(16)e}^{2}{\mathrm{fm}}^{2}$ and ${0.035(9)e}^{2}{\mathrm{fm}}^{2}$ for the 5.35- and 6.85-MeV states, respectively, are significantly larger than shell model calculations, though modification of the single-particle energies, in particular, the $p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{sd}$ shell gap, improves the agreement. The summed $B(E1)\ensuremath{\uparrow}$ value for these levels (in Weisskopf units) is consistent with that for other nuclei that have been discussed recently in the literature as potential Pygmy dipole resonance hosts.
Four-Dimensional Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol Optimization Using Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Printed Replicas for In Vivo Imaging Before and After Flow Diverter Placement.

Objective Hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms are currently investigated toward clinical efficacy using nonstandardized computational simulation techniques. At the same time, flow patterns and velocities are accessible by 4-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D pcMRI). Complexity of protocol design and imaging duration has limited the use of this technique in clinical imaging. A new approach is presented to overcome these limitations. Methods Three-dimensional (3D) replicas of 2 cerebral aneurysms were fabricated by fused deposition prototyping (3D printing) and imaged using 4D pcMRI while connected to a magnetic resonance imaging–compatible continuous flow loop. Acquisition parameters were optimized with imaging times not to exceed 10 minutes. Six patients harboring cerebral aneurysms with sizes ranging from 4.7 to 13.8 mm were imaged with the optimized 4D pcMRI protocol. After treatment with the pipeline embolization device (PED), 4D pcMRI examinations were repeated in 3 patients. Results In all cases, major flow patterns were visualized well; smaller aneurysms posed a challenge because of limited spatial resolution, whereas larger aneurysms contained regions of low velocity resulting in limited contrast in the flow-sensitive images. After PED placement, ordered aneurysmal flow was disrupted and intra-aneurysmal velocity was reduced on average by 24.5% (range, 12.9–31.5%). Exploratory statistical analysis yielded a positive significant correlation ( P Conclusions 4D pcMRI flow imaging in cerebral aneurysms within a time frame suitable for clinical imaging applications is feasible with optimized acquisition parameters, thereby enabling quantification of intra-aneurysmal flow changes after flow diverter device treatment.
The Efficacy of Art Therapy in Pediatric Oncology Patients: An Integrative Literature Review.

Abstract Problem Children undergoing cancer treatment experience detrimental adverse side effects that may be addressed with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as art therapy. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of art therapy in pediatric patients living with cancer. Eligibility criteria An integrative literature review was conducted using the CINAHL, OVID Medline, and PsycINFO databases. Studies were included if they were a primary source utilizing an art therapy intervention in children with cancer age birth to 18 years old, was published between the year 2000 and 2016, and written in the English language. Sample Seven primary sources met inclusion criteria. Results Few studies were reported in this review. Findings of this review suggest that children who participated in various forms of drawing interventions exhibited enhanced communication with family members and healthcare providers. Additionally, children were able to better express underlying emotions, developed more effective coping skills, and experienced a reduction in adverse side effects. Conclusions Implementing a drawing intervention or other forms of art into the holistic care of a pediatric oncology patient may assist in maximizing quality of life and allow for a more tolerable lifestyle. Implications Acquiring a means of proper communication with children through art allows nurses to gain insight on the needs of this special patient population, resulting in a higher quality plan of care.
Enhancing the health of somatization disorder patients. Effectiveness of short-term group therapy.

To identify an effective method of treating patients with somatization disorder (SD), the authors conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial of group therapy with 70 SD patients. Primary care physicians treating all patients in the study received a consultation letter offering treatment recommendations for SD. The experimental patients were invited to attend eight group therapy sessions in addition to the consultation provided to their physicians; 45% attended one or more sessions. The experimental patients reported significantly better physical (P
Career Options for Scientists

Most PhD students in the biological sciences will not go on to become academics. For these individuals, choosing the best career path can be difficult. Fortunately, there are many options that allow them to take advantage of skills they hone during graduate and postdoctoral work.
Motion of water drops on hydrophobic expanded polymer mat surfaces due to tangential air flow

Abstract Hydrophobic expanded polymer mats are used in a wide range of industries for many purposes. Their relatively low cost, availability in a wide range of polymer materials, and consistency of pore size distribution are advantageous for some applications such as the separation of liquid drops from gas streams. When fabricated of a non-wetting material, liquid drops tend to stay on one side of the mat and can move across the mat surface due to drag of the gas flow. The rate of movement of drops on the surface can affect the rate of coalescence, the drop size, the loading of drops on the surface of the mat, and ultimately the effectiveness of the mat to separate the drops from a gas stream. In this work the movements of water drops on the surfaces of expanded polymer mats due to tangential air flow are observed to determine the effects of mat material properties and geometrical characteristics, drop dimensions and air flow conditions. A correlation for a drag coefficient of drop movement on the mat surface is developed. A second correlation for the minimum Reynolds number of the gas to initiate the movement of drop on the surface of the mat is also developed.
What’s in a Word? Naming Obligations

Although obligation is believed to be a central component of family relationships, empirical investigation of if, how, and to what extent connotations associated with terms commonly used to denote ...
Corrigendum to: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting on post-transplant Day 35 as a pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate—a case report

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omy035.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omy035.].
Exploring supported conversation with familial caregivers of persons with dementia: a pilot study

Dementia can lead to difficulties in communication between caregivers and patients. Teaching conversational strategies has been effective for a wide array of clients with acquired neurologic disorders and their caregivers. Research indicates positive results for Supported Conversation for adults with Aphasia (SCA) secondary to stroke. Applying this method to work with caregivers of individuals with dementia could prove to be a valid intervention tool. This investigation examined the applicability of SCA with individuals with dementia and their familial caregivers. Four dyads (caregiver and individual with dementia) participated in the SCA program with some adaptation for dementia. The program was 4 weeks with a pre-training and post training assessment. The Measure of Skill in Supported Conversation (MSC) and Measure of Level of Participation in Conversation (MPC) were given to measure the overall effectiveness of SCA at teaching and improving communication, respectively. A qualitative analysis of unproductive coping mechanisms also occurred. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was given to gauge caregiver burden from pre- to post-training. MSC and MPC scores were significantly improved from baseline to post training, and a significant reduction in unproductive coping behaviors also occured. ZBI scores were variable across participants. Results suggest that the SCA has the potential to be used to improve communication between persons with dementia and their caregivers. Findings suggest that further research is warranted into the effectiveness of SCA in dementia. Retrospectively registered 9/5/2018 ISRCTN17622451 .
How to avoid an extinction time paradox

An essential topic in theoretical ecology is the extinction of populations subject to demographic stochasticity. Mechanistic models of demographic stochasticity, such as birth-death processes, can be analytically intractable, so are frequently approximated with stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Here, we consider two pitfalls in this type of approximation. First, familiar deterministic models are not always appropriate for use in an SDE. Second, the common practice of starting directly from an SDE without explicitly constructing a mechanistic model leaves the noise term up to the modeler’s discretion. Since the stability of stochastic models depends on the global properties of both the noise and the deterministic model, overly phenomenological deterministic models, or heuristic choices of noise, can lead to models that are unrealistically stable. The goal of this article is to provide an example of how both of these effects can undermine seemingly reasonable models. Following Dennis et al. (Theor Ecol 9:323–335 2016) and Levine and Meerson (PRE, 87:032127 2013), we compare the persistence of stochastic extensions of standard logistic and Allee models. We show that, for common choices of noise, stochastic logistic models become exponentially less extinction prone when a strong Allee effect is introduced. This apparent paradox can be resolved by recognizing that common models of an Allee effect introduce overcompensation that dominates the extinction dynamics, even when the deterministic model is rescaled to account for overcompensation. These problems can be resolved by mechanistic treatment of the deterministic model and the noise.
Development of ponnanganni green soup powder

People are passing hectic life due to urbanization. They do not have enough time to cook foods and are becoming habituated to consume fast foods and something like that. Ponnanganni leaves are cultivated in India especially Tamil Nadu people used commonly. Objectives are To prepare the green soup powder, To Analysis of the nutrient content and microbial content of green soup powder, To standardize the acceptability of the soups, To cost analysis and Popularize of green soup powder. Alternanthera sessils washed the thoroughly and kept it for drying in room temperature for 8 days. Greens Powder has roasted it for 20 minutes grinds to a fine powder. Green gram dhal was roasted it for 15 minutes grinds to a fine powder, pepper was roasted it 5 minutes grind to fine powder, cumin was roasted it 5 minutes grind to fine powder. Corn flour was taken, Parboiled rice flour was taken. It acts as a thickening agent and it is a shining agent.salt was taken. It gives the taste of the product. ponnankanni keerai soup powder nutritive value was moisture 6.10, calories152.35 Kcal, protein 10.37gm, fat 1.78g, vitamin A 1057.75mcg, vitamin C 60.35 gm, calcium 351.25, iron 11.45gm, fibre2gm were evaluated of 100 gm green soup powder. The microbial count was analyzed 2.2×103 cfu/g of the sample in the total viable count. Total coliforms <0.3bassessed up to 90 days. The product was popularized in Thoothukudi self-help group women and school students.
A generalisation of the Abhyankar Jung theorem to associated graded rings of valuations

Suppose that R → S is an extension of local domains and ν * is a valuation dominating S . We consider the natural extension of associated graded rings along the valuation gr ν * ( R ) → gr ν * ( S ). We give examples showing that in general, this extension does not share good properties of the extension R → S , but after enough blow ups above the valuations, good properties of the extension R → S are reflected in the extension of associated graded rings. Stable properties of this extension (after blowing up) are much better in characteristic zero than in positive characteristic. Our main result is a generalisation of the Abhyankar–Jung theorem which holds for extensions of associated graded rings along the valuation, after enough blowing up.
Applying theory to the black box: A model for empirically scoring biodata

Despite being an effective predictor of job performance, empirically keyed biodata assessments have been criticized as black box empiricism unlikely to generalize to new contexts. This paper introduces a model that challenges this perspective, explicating how biodata content, job demands, and criterion variables collectively influence the construct validity, and generalizability of empirically scored biodata. Across two field studies, expected changes in scale correlations with external measures were found that coincided with changes in the contextual similarity between calibration and holdout contexts, the criteria used, and the content validity of biodata items. Collectively, this paper offers a framework that helps understand and optimize empirical biodata keying in practice, furthering confidence for their use in applied settings.
Lipopolysaccharide Reverses Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Through Modulation of cMyb, Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein C/EBP Transcription Factors.

Background and aims During liver injury, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) transdifferentiate into proliferative and fibrogenic activated myofibroblastic phenotype (activated hepatic stellate cell; aHSCs) expressing smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) and platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFβR). Their interactions with gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are implicated in hepatic fibrogenesis. However, LPS can also attenuate fibrogenic characteristics of aHSCs. Approach and results We examined molecular mechanisms of antifibrogenic effects of LPS on aHSCs in vitro and in vivo. Culture-activated rat HSCs were exposed to 0-100 ng/mL of LPS or its active component, diphosphoryl-lipid A (DPLA), and parameters of fibrosis and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined by qRT-PCR, western, and immunohistochemical analyses. In vivo, HSCs were activated by repeated CCl4 administration to rats every 3 days for 3 or 8 weeks, then challenged with LPS (5 mg/kg; IP). HSCs were isolated 24 hours later, and fibrogenic/inflammatory parameters were analyzed. LPS induced phenotypic changes in aHSCs (rounding, size reduction) and loss of proliferation. LPS down-regulated expression of αSMA, PDGFβR, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβR1), collagen 1α1 (Col1α1), and fibronectin while up-regulating tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 expression. LPS did not increase peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma expression or lipid accumulation typical of qHSCs. DPLA elicited the same effects as LPS on aHSCs, indicating specificity, and monophosphoryl lipid A down-regulated fibrogenic markers, but elicited very weak inflammatory response. LPS down-regulated the expression of cMyb, a transcription factor for αSMA, and up-regulated small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD)7 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)δ, the transcriptional inhibitors of Col1α1 expression. In vivo LPS treatment of aHSCs inhibited their proliferation, down-regulated PDGFβR, αSMA, TGFβR1, Col1α1, and cMyb expression, and increased expression of SMAD7, C/EBPα, and C/EBPδ. Conclusions In conclusion, LPS induces a unique phenotype in aHSCs associated with down-regulation of key fibrogenic mechanisms and thus may have an important role in limiting fibrosis.
Temperature Hysteresis in Piezoresistive Microcantilevers

We observe significant temperature hysteresis in the resonant frequency and quality factor of silicon piezoresistive microcantilevers from room temperature down to 40 K. The hysteresis becomes increasingly pronounced as the support beam length is reduced from $100\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ to $30\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ , leading to over a twenty-fold difference in $Q$ values between the temperature sweep downwards and upwards for the $30\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ support beam device. Our work suggests that temperature hysteresis is an important consideration for thermal-piezoresistive oscillators and other microelectromechanical resonators that require multiple anchor points.
Antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen in aromatase inhibitor-sensitive and aromatase inhibitor-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

The tamoxifen metabolite, Z-endoxifen, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We compared the antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen with tamoxifen and letrozole in the letrozole-sensitive MCF7 aromatase expressing model (MCF7AC1), as well as with tamoxifen, fulvestrant, exemestane, and exemestane plus everolimus in a letrozole-resistant MCF7 model (MCF7LR). MCF7AC1 tumor-bearing mice were randomized to control (no drug), letrozole (10 μg/day), tamoxifen (500 μg/day), or Z-endoxifen (25 and 75 mg/kg). Treatment in the letrozole arm was continued until resistance developed. MCF7LR tumor-bearing mice were then randomized to Z-endoxifen (50 mg/kg) or tamoxifen for 4 weeks and tumors harvested for microarray and immunohistochemistry analysis. The antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen in the MCF7LR tumors was further compared in a second in vivo study with exemestane, exemestane plus everolimus, and fulvestrant. In the MCF7AC1 tumors, both Z-endoxifen doses were significantly superior to control and tamoxifen in reducing tumor volumes at 4 weeks. Additionally, the 75 mg/kg Z-endoxifen dose was additionally superior to letrozole. Prolonged letrozole exposure resulted in resistance at 25 weeks. In MCF7LR tumor-bearing mice, Z-endoxifen significantly reduced tumor volumes compared to tamoxifen, letrozole, and exemestane, with no significant differences compared to exemestane plus everolimus and fulvestrant. Additionally, compared to tamoxifen, Z-endoxifen markedly inhibited ERα target genes, Ki67 and Akt expression in vivo. In endocrine-sensitive and letrozole-resistant breast tumors, Z-endoxifen results in robust antitumor and antiestrogenic activity compared to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor monotherapy. These data support the ongoing development of Z-endoxifen.
Case study: Effect of surgical metal implant on single frequency bioelectrical impedance measures of an athlete.

This case study examined the influence of a surgical metal implant on the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) readings of an athlete. Single-frequency BIA using a tetrapolar electrode configuration was applied to both the right and left sides of a 23-year-old female jumper who had an 8 × 345 mm titanium alloy nail implanted in her left tibia. The metal implant reduced BIA resistance and reactance on the implanted side by 27 and 6 ohms, respectively. This reduction in impedance resulted in a 0.4 kg-1.9 kg increase in the estimate of fat-free mass (FFM) depending on the prediction formula used. There was a concomitant decrease in the estimate of body fat percentage (%BF) with the underestimation ranging from 0.6% to 2.7% BF depending on the prediction formula. A metal implant of substantial size can alter the BIA reading. Technicians should apply BIA to the opposite side of the body when athletes present with a surgical implant in a limb.
A Low-Cost, Open Source Monitoring System for Collecting High Temporal Resolution Water Use Data on Magnetically Driven Residential Water Meters.

We present a low-cost (≈$150) monitoring system for collecting high temporal resolution residential water use data without disrupting the operation of commonly available water meters. This system was designed for installation on top of analog, magnetically driven, positive displacement, residential water meters and can collect data at a variable time resolution interval. The system couples an Arduino Pro microcontroller board, a datalogging shield customized for this specific application, and a magnetometer sensor. The system was developed and calibrated at the Utah Water Research Laboratory and was deployed for testing on five single family residences in Logan and Providence, Utah, for a period of over 1 month. Battery life for the device was estimated to be over 5 weeks with continuous data collection at a 4 s time interval. Data collected using this system, under ideal installation conditions, was within 2% of the volume recorded by the register of the meter on which they were installed. Results from field deployments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, functionality, and applicability of the system. Results indicate that the device is capable of collecting data at a temporal resolution sufficient for identifying individual water use events and analyzing water use at coarser temporal resolutions. This system is of special interest for water end use studies, future projections of residential water use, water infrastructure design, and for advancing our understanding of water use timing and behavior. The system’s hardware design and software are open source, are available for potential reuse, and can be customized for specific research needs.
Evaluation of community-based land use planning through Geodesign: Application to American Indian communities

Abstract Indigenous planning scholars have called for a planning framework that prioritizes Indigenous and community values and traditions while incorporating western planning techniques. Geodesign, an interdisciplinary planning method that uses systems thinking, geospatial technologies, and community participation to address environmental, social, and governance issues throughout the planning process, offers a framework that meets the needs of Indigenous planners and communities. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Geodesign framework enables American Indian community members to be intrinsically involved in the planning process and empowers them to contribute local knowledge and perspectives for community-based decision making and land use plans. We show how the the Geodesign planning framework was utilized to develop and update a community-based land use plan for the Navajo Nation’s Dilkon community and discuss the framework’s strengths, limitations, and opportunities for planning. The case study illustrates how the Dilkon community was able to use the Geodesign framework to overcome planning barriers and advance a community plan that is consensus driven, supported by geospatial technologies, and takes into account Indigenous values and traditions.
A rod-beam system with dynamic contact and thermal exchange condition

Abstract We study a mathematical hybrid dynamic system that models the setting, in which one end of a nonlinear viscoelastic Timoshenko beam is clamped while the another end is jointed with the bottom of a thermoviscoelastic rod. The top of the rod may come in contact with a rigid support. Two conditions are applied to the contacting end; Signorini’s contact condition and Barber’s heat exchange condition. We formulate a partial differential equation (PDE) system with the relevant boundary conditions that describes the motion of the combined rod-beam, taking into account the dynamic contact and thermal interaction. A variational formulation to the model is obtained in an abstract setting. Then, a hybrid of several numerical methods is employed to abstract formulations. It guarantees that all the conditions at each time step are satisfied. Convergence of numerical trajectories is shown, by passing to the limits as time step sizes approach zero. We derive a new energy balance form that plays an important role in establishing the numerical stability. The fully discrete numerical schemes are then used to compute numerical solutions and some representative numerical simulations are presented.
“Scientists can’t really talk to people”: Unpacking students’ metacommentary on the racialized and gendered science nerd trope.

Mass-media representations of the stereotypical science nerd position scientists as white, male, and largely English-speaking. Teachers and students who state a desire to work in equitable science learning communities may nonetheless reproduce inequities through their classroom practices which either embody or validate the science nerd stereotype. This study compares secondary students’ metacommentary on the science nerd trope in a mass-media representation to their metacommentary on their own and their peers’ classroom practices and sheds light on design elements for Critical Race Media Literacy (Yosso, 2002) tasks that may promote equity in science education spaces.
Finite-Element Modeling of Landfills to Estimate Heat Generation, Transport, and Accumulation

AbstractIn North America, temperatures nearing 100°C have been reported in several municipal solid waste landfills. However, the temporal and spatial-dependent processes that result in excessive he...
Engagement by Design: An Empirical Study of the “Reactions” Feature on Facebook Business Pages

We study the impact and interplay of social design features on the engagement behaviors toward user-generated content on Facebook business pages. By examining the introduction of the “Reactions” feature on Facebook, we aim to understand how the introduction of a new engagement feature affects the overall engagement activities and the use of existing engagement features. We found evidence of a positive effect of Reactions on overall engagement levels. Furthermore, the introduction of the Reactions feature had heterogeneous effects on the use of existing engagement features. Posts that received Reactions also ended up receiving more Likes and Comments than what they would have received before the feature change. However, the opposite is true for posts that received no Reactions, although the effect sizes were small. These effects were detected within the first four weeks after the feature introduction, and persisted after six months, indicating long-term structural changes in users’ engagement behaviors.
The great recession and the future of cities

This paper describes the serious fiscal crisis faced by cities around the world following the Great Recession of 2008. Five years later, the after-effects of this major crisis continue to be felt and limit economic opportunities in cities. Section 1 summarizes how the crisis was triggered and how it unfolded in the US, then spread to the rest of world -- highlighting the links between financial sector and housing sector. Section 2 discusses the impact of the crisis on urban revenue and expenditure, and the stimulus programs and recovery plans devised as a short term response by cities around the world. Section 3 then discusses longer term strategies to ensure the financial, social and environmental sustainability of cities. The authors make the point -- and back up our assertions with specific examples -- that urban decision-makers must take a long view and find ways to create opportunities for their citizens, making sure that their decisions are financially sustainable in the long term. Today's decisions should not lock cities out of options tomorrow, and cities must be managed with flexibility so as to adapt to unforeseen new circumstances. The authors also argue that, while there has been a lot of talk about"smart cities"and new technologies among urban specialists and urban planners, it is ultimately the focus on basic economics (sustainable financing, providing good services to consumers and incentives for providers), good governance and good institutions that will create sustainable, dynamic and livable cities.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories in ICU Family Caregivers.

To use latent class growth analysis to identify posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in ICU family caregivers. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The medical ICU at a tertiary-care center in the United States. Participants Adult patients experiencing acute cardiorespiratory failure (defined as requiring at least one of the following: 1) vasopressors, 2) noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, 3) high-flow nasal cannula, or 4) mechanical ventilation) were enrolled in a pair with their primary family caregivers. Measurements and main results Participants were enrolled within the first 48 hours of ICU admission. Family caregiver posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were measured using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised at four time points: at enrollment, shortly after ICU discharge, and at 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge. The data were examined using latent class growth analysis to identify posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories. Two distinct symptom trajectories were identified: a persistently high trajectory, characterized by high posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at initial assessment, which remained elevated over time, and a persistently low trajectory, characterized by low posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at initial assessment, which remained low over time. Approximately two-thirds of caregivers belonged to the persistently high trajectory, and one-third of caregivers belonged to the persistently low trajectory. Conclusions Using latent class growth analysis to measure 6-month ICU family caregiver posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories, we identified two distinct trajectories (persistently low and persistently high). A larger cohort study is warranted to further delineate posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories in this population, with the ultimate goal of targeting high-risk caregivers for interventions to reduce psychologic distress and improve long-term caregiver outcomes.