cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Transformer Branch Processing and Three-phase Power Flow Calculation in Distribution Networks

Transformer branches have been difficult to handle in three phase distribution power flow calculations.A novel method of processing transformer branches is proposed.It can be efficiently introduced into three-phase power flow algorithm for distribution networks.In the proposed method,according to the phase shift relations of the sequence state variables between the two sides of transformers,the phase transformation matrix can be established and the processing of transformer branches can be simplified.Using the structures of three-sequence decoupled distribution networks and the three-sequence decoupling-compensation models of unsymmetrical branches,the sequence path matrices can be generated with the loop analysis method.The relationship between node sequence voltage and injection sequence current can be derived.The three-phase decoupled power flow calculation for unbalanced distribution network containing multi-transformer branches can be realized successfully.Parallel computation can be used for the three-sequence decoupled power flow calculation to achieve higher computational efficiency.Finally,the simulation results of test examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Where people look for online health information

Objectives To identify health-related websites Americans are using, demographic characteristics associated with certain website type and how website type shapes users’ online information seeking experiences. Methods Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 4 Cycle 1 were used. User-identified websites were categorised into four types: government sponsored, commercially based, academically affiliated and search engines. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between users’ sociodemographic characteristics and website type, and associations between website type and information search experience. Results Respondents reported using: commercial websites (71.8%), followed by a search engines (11.6%), academically affiliated sites (11.1%) and government-sponsored websites (5.5%). Older age was associated with the use of academic websites (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02, 1.04); younger age with commercial website use (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.98). Search engine use predicted increased levels of frustration, effort and concern over website information quality, while commercial website use predicted decreased levels of these same measures. Discussion Health information seekers experience varying levels of frustration, effort and concern related to their online searching. Conclusion There is a need for continued efforts by librarians and health care professionals to train seekers of online health information to select websites using established guidelines and quality criteria.
Measuring Emotions in the Face

Abstract Emotions are important to much research in consumer science. Consequently, finding valid and reliable ways of measuring emotions is crucial. This chapter focuses on how to understand and approach measuring emotions through an unobtrusive, objective methodology: assessing facial expressions of emotion. We discuss both direct and indirect approaches to measuring facial expressions. As a direct method of measuring facial expressions, our approach is based on theoretical, empirical, anatomical, and physiological aspects of facial expressions of emotion. As an indirect method, this chapter discusses observer judgments of produced facial expressions. It is critical for researchers to be aware of the pros, cons, caveats, and limitations of each method, indicating that the method of how to measure and understand facial expressions should be determined depending on the research purpose.
Ring-strain release in neutral and dicationic 7,8,17,18-tetra­bromo-5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­porphyrin: crystal structures of C44H26Br4N4 and C44H28Br4N42+·2ClO4−·3CH2Cl2

Two porphyrin complexes were studied to determine the effects of protonation on ring deformation within the porphyrin. The porphyrin 7,8,17,18-tetra­bromo-5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­porphyrin, C44H26Br4N4, was selected because the neutral species is readily doubly protonated to yield a dication, which was crystallized here with perchlorate counter-ions as a di­chloro­methane tris­olvate, C44H28Br4N42+·2ClO4−·3CH2Cl2. The centrosymmetric neutral species is observed to have a mild `ruffling' of the pyrrole rings and is essentially planar throughout; intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds occur. In contrast, the dication exhibits considerable deformation, with the pyrrole rings oriented well out of the plane of the porphyrin, resulting in a `saddle' conformation of the ring. The charged species forms N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the perchlorate anions, which lie above and below the plane of the porphyrin ring. Distortions to the planarity of the pyrrole rings in both cases are very minor. The characterization of the neutral species represents a low-temperature redetermination of the previous room-temperature analyses [Zou et al. (1995). Acta Cryst. C51, 760–761; Rayati et al. (2008). Polyhedron, pp. 2285–2290], which showed disorder and physically unrealistic displacement parameters.
Bilinear condensate in three-dimensional large- N c QCD

We find clear numerical evidence for a bilinear condensate in three-dimensional QCD in the 't Hooft limit. We use a nonchiral random matrix model to extract the value of the condensate $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$ from the low-lying eigenvalues of the massless anti-Hermitian overlap Dirac operator. We estimate $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}/{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}=0.0042\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004$ in units of the physical 't Hooft coupling.
Functional diversity of Arabidopsis organelle-localized RNA-recognition motif-containing proteins

RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) play key roles in plant gene expression and regulation. RBPs contain a variety of RNA-binding motifs, the most abundant and most widespread one in eukaryotes is the RNA recognition motif (RRM). Many nucleus-encoded RRM-containing proteins are transported into chloroplasts and/or mitochondria, and participate in various RNA-related processes in plant organelles. Loss of these proteins can have a detrimental effect on some critical processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, sometimes leading to lethality. Progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the function of particular organelle-localized RRM-containing proteins. Members of the Organelle RRM protein (ORRM, some also characterized as Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Proteins) family and the Chloroplast RiboNucleoProtein (cpRNP) family, are involved in various types of RNA metabolism, including RNA editing, RNA stability and RNA processing. Organelle-localized RRM proteins also function in plant development and stress responses, in some conditions acting as protein or RNA chaperones. There has been recent progress in characterizing the function of organelle-localized RRM proteins in RNA-related processes and how RRM proteins contribute to the normal growth and development of plants. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1420. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1420 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Do packed red blood cell transfusions really worsen oncologic outcomes in colon cancer

Background Data from small retrospective studies have argued that perioperative packed red blood cell transfusions may increase the risk of developing metastatic recurrence in cancer patients. This study tests this assumption in a large cohort spanning a decade of operatively treated colon cancer patients. Methods All patients undergoing primary resection of a colon cancer at a tertiary care center between 2004–2014 ( n = 1,423) were included in a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained data repository. Survival and disease-free survival were compared and also adjusted in multivariable Cox regression standardized for follow-up, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, age, sex, postoperative chemotherapy, baseline staging, and tumor grade. Results Of the 1,423 patients, 305 (21.4%) received a perioperative packed red blood cell transfusion during their index admission. During follow-up, overall mortality was greater in patients who received perioperative packed red blood cell (53.1% vs 30.9%; P P = .25), or disease-specific mortality (21.3% vs 17.3%; P = .104; without baseline metastasis: 8.6% vs 8.9%; P = .89). Similarly, multivariable Cox regression showed no statistical difference in recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.83, 95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.26; P = .38) or disease-specific mortality (hazard ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.51; P = .47). Conclusion Mortality rates were significantly greater in patients with perioperative packed red blood cell transfusions, a finding that is backed by a body of evidence that associates perioperative packed red blood cell transfusion with comorbidity and serious illness, but contrary to earlier evidence, findings in our cohort do not support a hypothesis that perioperative perioperative packed red blood cell transfusions have a detrimental effect on recurrence rates of operatively treated colon cancer patients.
Frequency and Recency in Visual Recognition

Subjects viewed four lists of 62 random visual shapes in a yes/no recognition task. All four lists were identical except for buffer items at the beginning and end of each list. Within the list were eight items occurring only once and 24 pairs of items occurring twice at lags of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32. The subject’s task was to state whether or not an item being presented had occurred previously within the list he was currently viewing. Hit rates decreased over increasing lags within lists, but increased over lists; false alarms decreased over lists. There were no interactions of lags with lists, supporting the contention that subjects can separate recency and frequency as different sources of item familiarity.
Phenotype analysis of congenital and neurodevelopmental disorders in the next generation sequencing era

The designation, phenotype, was proposed as a term by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1909. The word is derived from the Greek, phano (showing) and typo (type), phanotypos. Phenotype has become a widely recognized term, even outside of the genetics community, in recent years with the ongoing identification of human disease genes. The term has been defined as the observable constitution of an organism, but sometimes refers to a condition when a person has a particular clinical presentation. Analysis of phenotype is a timely theme because advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of human disease and the emergence of next generation sequencing have spurred a renewed interest in phenotype and the proposal to establish a "Human Phenome Project." This article summarizes the principles of phenotype analysis that are important in medical genetics and describes approaches to comprehensive phenotype analysis in the investigation of patients with human disorders. I discuss the various elements related to disease phenotypes and highlight neurofibromatosis type 1 and the Elements of Morphology Project as illustrations of the principles. In recent years, the notion of "deep phenotyping" has emerged. Currently there are now a number of proposed strategies and resources to approach this concept. Not since the 1960s and 1970s has there been such an exciting time in the history of medicine surrounding the analysis of phenotype in genetic disorders.
Peptide Brush Polymers and Nanoparticles with Enzyme-Regulated Structure and Charge for Inducing or Evading Macrophage Cell Uptake.

Cellular uptake by macrophages and ensuing clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system stands as a significant biological barrier for nanoparticle therapeutics. While there is a growing body of work investigating the design principles essential for imparting nanomaterials with long-circulating characteristics and macrophage evasion, there is still a widespread need for examining stimuli-responsive systems, particularly well-characterized soft materials, which differ in their physiochemical properties prior to and after an applied stimulus. In this work, we describe the synthesis and formulation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and soluble homopolymers (Ps) encoded with multiple copies of a peptide substrate for proteases. We examined the macrophage cell uptake of these materials, which vary in their peptide charge and conjugation (via the N- or C-terminus). Following treatment with a model protease, thermolysin, the NPs and Ps undergo changes in their morphology and charge. After proteolysis, zwitterion...
Hardware Designs for Security in Ultra-Low-Power IoT Systems: An Overview and Survey

The development of ultra-low-power (ULP) electronic devices has opened up opportunities for disruptive systems like the Internet of Things (IoT). The main concern is the security and privacy issues of the huge amount of personal, sensitive, or safety-related data being processed in these systems. Ensuring security in these ULP systems poses additional challenges than in computers, because of power and cost constraints and physical accessibility by attackers. To solve these problems, innovations in both software and hardware are needed. This article presents a survey of state-of-the-art hardware designs optimizing the tradeoffs between security, power, and costs (including design and manufacturing). The authors analyze the connections between hardware specs and system demands to bridge the gap between research conducted in different communities. They also identify open problems in designing future ULP secure hardware.
Treatment of Incompetent Perforating Veins

Chronic venous insufficiency is a major health problem that affects many people with devastating consequences. Venous valvular incompetence leading to venous reflux and venous hypertension is the pathophysiology of developing venous disease. Increasingly, incompetent perforator veins have been recognized as a contributor to recalcitrant or recurrent venous ulcers. Historically, surgical interruption of perforators has been performed and shown to improve healing of venous ulcers. With advances in technology and comfort in endovenous procedures, percutaneous thermal ablation and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy have gained popularity in the treatment of perforating veins with good success.
Happiness and Welfare State Policy Around the World

There is continual debate focusing on government's role in determining the well-being of its citizens. Should governments expand the generosity of welfare-state policies or reduce their involvement? This question is especially appropriate in less-developed countries with fewer resources to invest. This paperâ€™s findings show welfarestate policy is positively associated with life satisfaction around the world, and the relation holds in subsamples of developed, transition, and less-developed countries. The relation is of similar magnitude as the relation for GDP pc, and is more significant than the relation for quality of governance. The results are based on cross-sectional regressions including 104 countries over the period 2005â€“2012. Life satisfaction data are from the Gallup World Poll, and welfare-state policy is measured using public social protection expenditures from the International Labor Organization. Previous empirical studies support a positive life satisfaction welfare-state policy relation, but the samples contained few, if any, less-developed countries.
Does Intravenous Infusion Influence Diagnostic Ultrasound-Induced Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage?

OBJECTIVES Pulmonary diagnostic ultrasound (US) can induce pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH) in mammals. This singular biological effect of diagnostic US imaging was discovered more than 25 years ago but remains poorly understood. Our objective here was to investigate rapid infusion of intravenous fluids as a possible stressor for capillaries, which might enhance pulmonary diagnostic US-induced PCH. METHODS Rats were anesthetized with Telazol (Zoetis, Inc, Kalamazoo, MI), which yielded relatively low pulmonary diagnostic US-induced PCH, or Telazol and xylazine, which yielded relatively high pulmonary diagnostic US-induced PCH. Groups of rats were not infused or infused either with normal saline, 10% mannitol, or 5% albumin. Rats were scanned in a warmed water bath with B-mode US for 5 minutes with a 7.6-MHz linear array set to different mechanical index values to obtain exposure response information. Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage was observed as comet tail artifacts in the image and measured on the lung surface. RESULTS For Telazol anesthesia, all of the PCH results were very low, with no significant differences at the maximum output with an in situ peak rarefactional pressure amplitude of 2.1 MPa (on-screen mechanical index, 0.9). The addition of xylazine to the Telazol anesthetic significantly enhanced the PCH (P < .001) without infusion and likewise for the mannitol and albumin infusion. Saline infusion eliminated this enhancement, with significantly reduced PCH for Telazol-plus-xylazine anesthesia (P < .001); however, both mannitol and albumin infusion resulted in significantly more PCH than saline infusion (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These results show PCH dependence on the specific intravenous infusion fluid and illustrate the complex importance of physiologic parameters for US-induced PCH.
Production of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Crassostrea virginica in Response to Increased Environmental CO2 Concentration

Biomineralization is the complex process by organisms produce protective and supportive structures. Employed by mollusks, biomineralization enables creation of external shells for protection against environmental stressors. The shell deposition mechanism is initiated in the early stages of development and is dependent upon the concentration and availability of calcium carbonate ions. Changes in concentrations of the critical ions required for shell formation can result in malformation of shells. As pCO2 concentrations in the atmosphere continue to increase, the oceans are becoming more acidified. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), has demonstrated adverse effects on shell formation in calcifying organisms across taxa. Although OA is known to inhibit the shell deposition in mollusks, the impact of OA on the gene regulation of calcium deposition remains unknown. Here we show the responses of four calcium-binding protein genes, caltractin (cetn), calmodulin (calm), calreticulin (calr), and calnexin (canx), to CO2-derived OA using a Crassostrea virginica mantle cell (CvMC) culture model and a larval C. virginica model. These four genes were cloned from C. virginica and the three-dimensional structures of the proteins encoded by these four genes were fully characterized using homologue modeling methods. Although an acidified environment by increased atmospheric pCO2 (1000 ppm) did not result in significant effects on CvMC proliferation and apoptosis, lower environmental pH induced upregulations of all four calcium-binding protein genes in CvMCs. Similarly, increased pCO2 did not affect the growth of larval C. virginica in the early stages of development. However, elevated pCO2 concentrations enhanced the expression of these calcium-binding protein genes at the protein level. The four calcium-binding protein genes demonstrated responsive expression profiles to an acidified environment at both cellular and individual levels. Further investigation of these genes may provide insight into the molecular regulation of mollusk biomineralization under OA stress.
Barriers and Facilitating Factors Affecting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the current fruit and vegetable consumption level in the United States and analyzes how it compares to the dietary guidelines promulgated by the US government. A healthy diet includes eating fruits and vegetables. Although many people experience barriers inhibiting fruit and vegetable consumption, facilitators also exist that promote fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable consumption can be measured in many ways, such as number of times eaten daily, number of cups, and number of servings. The US government publishes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, sets public health dietary goals in documents such as Healthy People 2010, conducts nutritional surveillance and surveys to assess if the population is meeting these guidelines, and plans food and nutrition education programs following these recommendations. Recommendations for an individual’s fruit and vegetable consumption are based on the Dietary Guidelines and are published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for public use in the form of the online educational tool “MyPyramid.” Of all age groups, children aged 2–3 years are most likely to meet current fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines, with an estimated 48% of children meeting the combined recommendation of 1 cup daily. Fruit and vegetable consumption also varies across other demographic characteristics. Non-Hispanic blacks are significantly less likely to meet USDA guidelines than whites. Latinos report higher intakes of fruits and vegetables than whites and blacks, but this has also been reported to be a decreasing effect when compared to social acculturation.
Abnormal Ca2+ transport characteristics of hepatoma mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

The oncogenic transformation of cells from a normal to malignant phenotype is associated with a variety of experimentally discernible changes in the pattern of metabolism. Many of these alterations involve processes modulated by the intracellular level and distribution of calcium. In addition to increased growth rates, Ca2+ may play a specific role in the increased rates of aerobic glycolysis (Cittadini et al., 1981), elevated rates of cholesterol synthesis (Beg et al., 1985), and alterations in cytoskeletal organization and function (Ben-Ze’ev, 1985). Given these and other observations of alterations of cellular processes associated with malignancy, the general hypothesis has surfaced that tumor cell calcium metabolism is abnormal.
Abstract 194: The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Outcomes of Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia

Background: The obesity epidemic has become a major public health issue with repercussion through all the spectrum of cardiovascular disease. Obesity-associated pathologies like obstructive sleep a...
USING SELF-SIMILARITY TO ADAPT EVOLUTIONARY ENSEMBLES FOR THE DISTRIBUTED CLASSIFICATION OF DATA STREAMS

Distributed stream-based classification methods have many important applications such as sensor data analysis, network security, and business intelligence. An important challenge is to address the issue of concept drift in the data stream environment, which is not easily handled by the traditional learning techniques. This paper presents a Genetic Programming (GP) based boosting ensemble method for the classification of distributed streaming data able to adapt in presence of concept drift. The approach handles flows of data coming from multiple locations by building a global model obtained by the aggregation of the local models coming from each node. The algorithm uses a fractal dimension-based change detection strategy, based on self-similarity of the ensemble behavior, that permits the capture of time-evolving trends and patterns in the stream, and to reveal changes in evolving data streams. Experimental results on a real life data set show the validity of the approach in maintaining an accurate and up-to-date GP ensemble.
Reproductive identities following an HIV diagnosis: strategies in the face of biographical disruption.

This study explores how living with HIV affects fertility desires and reproductive identities in a context where HIV is highly stigmatised and parenthood is highly valued. We conducted interviews w...
ChevBot – An Untethered Microrobot Powered by Laser for Microfactory Applications

In this paper, we introduce a new class of submillimeter robot (ChevBot) for microfactory applications in dry environments, powered by a 532 nm laser beam. ChevBot is an untethered microrobot propelled by a thermal Micro Electro Mechanical (MEMS) actuator upon exposure to the laser light. Novel models for opto-thermal-mechanical energy conversion are proposed to describe the microrobot’s locomotion mechanism. First, an opto-thermal simulation model is presented which is experimentally validated with static displacement measurements with microrobots tethered to the substrate. Then, stick and slip motion of the microrobot was predicted using a dynamic extension of our simulation model, and experiments were conducted to validate this model in one dimension. Promising microrobot designs were fabricated on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer with 20 $\mu$ m device layer and a dimple was assembled at the bottom to initiate directional locomotion on a silicon substrate. Validation experiments demonstrate that exposure to laser power below 2W and repetition frequencies below 60 kHz can generate actuator displacements of a few microns, and $46 \mu m/s$ locomotion velocity.
Evaluating Ga-68 DOTATATE images: SUVmax vs Krenning score

1535 Introduction: Radionuclide imaging of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) relies on detection of somatostatin receptors expressed by these tumors. When evaluating activity, Krenning score system has been established in the past for the single photon emitter In-111 Octreotide. Availability of Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT (Ga68) has allowed better visualization of these tumors and semiquantitation of receptors with SUVmax (SUV). A number of clinical trials on therapeutic agents for patients with NET continue to utilize certain Krenning score (#II) for patient inclusion into the study. We sought to compare the performance of Krenning score system versus SUV in evaluation of NET lesions. Methods: A consecutive series of 26 patients (nineteen females and seven males) at a median age of 56 years (IQR: 42-62) underwent Ga68 for evaluating known or suspected neuroendocrine tumors (NET). The primary site of malignancy included pancreas (ten patients, 38%), bowel (eight patients, 31%), lung (one patient) and unknown (seven patients, 27%). SUVs and Krenning scores were used to evaluate all lesions. For Krenning scoring, lesions were visually compared to liver activity. Lesions with very mild activity were scored Krenning I, those with uptake nearly equal to the liver were scored as Krenning score II, greater than the liver and less than the spleen as III, and greater than the spleen as IV (1). The continuous variables expressed as medians with interquartile ranges and categorical variables as proportions. Continuous variables among Krenning groups were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Of the 26 patients, 19 patients (73%) had metastases while seven (27%) did not. Among the 19 patients, there were 26 sites (39%) stratified as Krenning class VI, 24 (36%) as III, 10 (15%) as II, and seven (10%) as I. Metastases sites had median SUVmax of 22.6 (IQR: 18-39) for Krenning VI, 10.7 (IQR: 8-15) for Krenning III, four (IQR: 3-7) for Krenning II, and 2.8 (IQR: 2-5) for Krenning I. Using Kruskal-Wallis test, there were significant differences between the SUVmax medians for the metastases sites with 23 (IQR: 18-39) for IV, 11 (IQR: 3-7) for III, and four (IQR: 3-7) I and II classes (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this patient population,Krenning scores and measured SUV provided useful tool in our evaluation of NET. There was a trend of greater SUV values with higher Krenning scores. Additional research with larger cohort of patients is required to further define utility of Krenning criteria now that SUV measurement can easily be obtained with Ga-68. Reference:(1) Semin Nucl Med. 2002 Apr;32(2):84-91. Somatostatin receptor imaging. Kwekkeboom DJ1, Krenning EP.
Extreme rainfall events pulse substantial nutrients and sediments from terrestrial to nearshore coastal communities: a case study from French Polynesia

Rainfall mobilizes and transports anthropogenic sources of sediments and nutrients from terrestrial to coastal marine ecosystems, and episodic but extreme rainfall may drive high fluxes to marine communities. Between January 13th and January 22nd, 2017, the South Pacific Island of Moorea, French Polynesia experienced an extreme rainfall event. ~57 cm of rain was delivered over a 10-day storm. We quantified pulsed sediments and nutrients transported to nearshore reefs. We determined the spatial and temporal extent of the sediment pulse with estimates of water transparency. We quantified pulsed nutrients at multiple spatial and temporal scales. To determine if terrestrial nutrients were incorporated into the benthic community, we collected macroalgae over 10 days following the storm and measured tissue nutrient concentrations and δN15. Pulsed sediments impacted water clarity for 6 days following the storm, with greatest impacts closest to the river mouth. Nitrite +nitrate concentrations were >100 times the average while phosphate was >25 times average. Macroalgal tissue nutrients were elevated, and δN15 implicates sewage as the source, demonstrating transported nutrients were transferred to producer communities. Future climate change predictions suggest extreme rainfall will become more common in this system, necessitating research on these pulses and their ramifications on marine communities.
PCR Cloning Combined With DNA Barcoding Enables Partial Identification of Fish Species in a Mixed-Species Product

DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for regulatory identification of fish species; however, it does not perform well when multiple species are present within the same food product. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the use of PCR cloning to identify fish in a mixed-species product that cannot be identified with standard DNA barcoding. A total of 15 fish ball mixtures were prepared with known amounts of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). Three subsamples from each fish ball underwent DNA extraction, full DNA barcoding (655 bp), and mini-barcoding (226 bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Subsamples that did not pass sequencing according to regulatory standards were further analyzed with PCR cloning. All fish balls made of just one species tested positive for that species (i.e., tilapia, cod, or pollock) with both full and mini-barcoding. However, only tilapia was detected in fish balls containing multiple species when tested with standard barcoding techniques, reflecting an inaccurate representation of the fish mixture and suggesting species bias. PCR cloning allowed for identification of Pacific cod in 86% of the mixed-species fish balls tested with full-barcode cloning and 100% of the mixed-species fish ball tested with mini-barcode cloning. However, PCR cloning did not enable the identification of walleye pollock. Standard full barcoding produced more high quality sequences compared to mini-barcoding yet failed to accurately detect all species present in the tested fish mixtures. Overall, the results of this study show that PCR cloning may be an effective method to identify certain fish in mixed-species products when standard DNA barcoding fails. However, additional research is needed to overcome the species bias observed in this study.
A Streamlined Preoperative Surgical Oncology Clinic Workflow Reduces Patient Burden.

Abstract Background Although many institutions have focused on improving patient-centered care, little is known about how preoperative workflows affect patients. We hypothesized that a streamlined clinic workflow is associated with decreased cost and time burden on patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on surgical oncology patients within thoracic and hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) clinics in a tertiary care center from January to December 2016. The clinics varied in scheduling practices, with the thoracic clinic focused on minimizing patient visits. Data collected included number of visits and phone calls made to clinic. Distance traveled, travel cost, and time burden were estimated. Results We compared 70 esophageal and 60 HPB cancer patients. Thoracic surgery patients required significantly fewer preoperative appointments compared with HPB patients (2.4 versus 4.0; P Conclusions This study suggests that a more streamlined preoperative workflow can significantly reduce travel and time burden for patients. The true burden is likely far greater, given potential lost wages and unnecessary stress. Preoperative workflow examination is a promising target for future quality improvement and patient-centered care efforts.
Individual prediction of non-adherence to oral mercaptopurine (6MP) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Results from COG AALL03N1 study.

10530Background: Poor adherence to 6MP (measured electronically [MEMS]) increases relapse risk in children with ALL (Bhatia et al. JAMA Oncol 2015). Adherence is difficult to assess clinically and ...
Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention

Evidence supports exercise as a first-line option for many chronic diseases. Although recommendations suggest 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, replacing sedentary behaviors with light-intensity activities reduces risks of all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and incidence of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise has positive effects on brain function, cognition, and depressive symptoms. Based on such evidence, health care providers should incorporate evaluation of physical activity into patient care. Patients should be evaluated for readiness and ability to exercise and encouraged to increase activity level.
Finite Element-based Multi-objective Design Optimization of IPM Considering Saturation Effects for Constant Power Region of Operation

This paper proposes a Finite Element (FE)-based multi-objective optimization procedure, under a set of constraints, for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) to achieve a wide constant-power region of operation taking saturation effects and multiple operating points into account. Nonlinear models of the d-q flux linkages are derived based on magnetostatic FEA, which can significantly enhance computational efficiency with good accuracy (only 6 seconds per tentative design using a common PC). A new numerical method conforming to MTPA and flux weakening is presented based on the nonlinear models of the d-q flux linkage. Furthermore, this paper proposes to combine the new numerical method with the magnetostatic FEA using the differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm to optimize the machine performance to achieve a wide constant power speed range (CPSR). Any operating points (different current/torque and speed) within the torque and speed boundary requirements can be also incorporated in the optimization procedure. Furthermore, saturation effects and multiple operating points are considered in the proposed optimization procedure. The design optimization procedure has been employed to recently developed low-cost IPM with a blend of magnet types. The proposed optimization procedure can be extended to other types of electrical machines.
Analysis of patients receiving ≥ 100 mSv during a computed tomography intervention

To identify a patient cohort who received ≥ 100 mSv during a single computed tomography (CT)-guided intervention and analyze clinical information. Using the dose-tracking platform Radimetrics that collects data from all CT scanners in a single hospital, a patient-level search was performed retrospectively by setting a threshold effective dose (E) of 100 mSv for the period from January 2013 to December 2017. Patients who received ≥ 100 mSv in a single day during a single CT-guided intervention were then identified. Procedure types were identified, and medical records were reviewed up to January 2020 to identify patients who developed short- and/or medium-term (up to 8 years) medical consequences. Of 8952 patients with 100 mSv+, there were 33 patients who underwent 37 CT-guided interventions each resulting in ≥ 100 mSv. Procedures included ablations (15), myelograms (8), drainages (7), biopsies (6), and other (1). The dose for individual procedures was 100.2 to 235.5 mSv with mean and median of 125.7 mSv and 111.8 mSv, respectively. Six patients (18 %) were less than 50 years of age. During the study period of 0.2 to 7 years, there were no deterministic or stochastic consequences identified in this study cohort. While infrequent, CT-guided interventions may result in a single procedure dose of ≥ 100 mSv. Awareness of the possibility of such high doses and potential for long-term deleterious effects, especially in younger patients, and consideration of alternative imaging guidance and/or further dose optimization should be strongly considered whenever feasible. • Although not so frequent, CT-guided interventions may result in a single procedure dose of ≥ 100 mSv • Procedures with potential for high dose includes ablations, myelograms, drainages, and biopsies
Identifying Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in Potato Germplasm: Review Update

Developing plant germplasm that contains genetic resistance to insect pests is a valuable component of integrated pest management programs. In the last several decades, numerous attempts have been made to identify genetic sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This review focuses on compiling information regarding general L. decemlineata biology, ecology, and management focusing on discussing biochemical and morphological potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant traits that might be responsible for providing resistance; the review ends discussing past efforts to identify genetic material and highlights promising new strategies that may improve the efficiency of evaluation and selection of resistant material. Measurement strategies, that begin with field screening of segregating populations or wild germplasm to narrow research focus can be useful. Identifying particularly resistant or susceptible germplasm, will help researchers focus on studying the mechanisms of resistance in much greater detail which will help the development of long-term sustainable management program.
When it Rains it Pours: The Long-Run Economic Impacts of Salt Iodization in the United States

In 1924, The Morton Salt Company began nationwide distribution of iodine-fortified salt. Ac- cess to iodine, a key determinant of cognitive ability, rose sharply. We compare outcomes for cohorts exposed in utero with those of slightly older, unexposed cohorts, across states with high versus low baseline iodine deficiency. Income increased by 11%; labor force participation rose 0.68 percentage points; and full-time work went up 0.9 percentage points due to increased iodine availability. These impacts were largely driven by changes in the economic outcomes of young women. In later adulthood, both men and women had higher family incomes due to iodization.
Factors that predict persistence versus non-persistence of eating disorder Symptoms: A prospective study of high-risk young women.

Abstract Investigate baseline factors that prospectively predict persistence versus non-persistence of behavioral and cognitive eating disorder symptoms because knowledge of maintenance factors, which is limited, could inform the design of more effective eating disorder treatments. Data from 4 prevention trials that targeted young women with body image concerns (N = 1952; M age 19.7, SD 5.7) and collected interview-assessed data on behavioral and cognitive symptoms over 1-year follow-up were combined to address this aim. Greater binge eating severity predicted binge eating persistence. Greater dieting, binge eating frequency and severity, weight/shape overvaluation, and feeling fat predicted compensatory behavior persistence. Lower BMI predicted low BMI persistence. Greater thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, binge eating frequency, binge eating severity, compensatory behaviors, weight/shape overvaluation, fear of fatness or weight gain, and feeling fat predicted weight/shape overvaluation persistence. Greater thin-ideal internalization, dieting, compensatory behaviors, weight/shape overvaluation, fear of fatness or weight gain, and feeling fat predicted persistence of fear of fatness or weight gain. Results provide support for intervention targets of several extant eating disorder treatments and identified novel maintenance factors not commonly targeted in treatments (e.g., negative affect). Results also imply that certain features of eating disorders predict symptom persistence.
Book Review: A Handbook for Caring Science: Expanding the Paradigm, by Rosa, W., Horton-Deutsch, S., & Watson, J. (Eds.). Springer.

This is a review of the book A Handbook for Caring Science: Expanding the Paradigm. Leading scholars in the field of Caring Science contribute to this important work covering a range of topics. The...
God as Teacher in Psalm 25

There are nearly fifty verses in Psalms where God is the subject of a verb for teaching. Six of these occurrences take place in Psalm 25. Advancing beyond previous research on God as teacher in Psalm 25, this article offers an alternative to the traditional interpretation that Ps 25:4-5 and 8-9 speak of God teaching sinners to enable them to obey torah. The case is made that these verses may be understood as God teaching his people about himself—his ways—by intervening in their circumstances, at times through a word of wisdom, rather than simply teaching them about his demands to help them overcome sin.
The optimization of natural gas liquefaction processes

An optimization method is presented for the cost minimization during the design of process engineering plants. The mathematical model of process plants, the general formulation of an optimization problem and the numerical method are illustrated by a natural gas liquefaction process.
The Autonomic Nervous System and Sudden Cardiac Death

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the sudden cardiac death (SCD). The problem of sudden death remains a huge public health issue. It is clear that there is a prominent autonomic influence on risk. Evidence from clinical studies points to a prominent role of autonomic activation in SCD. In the late 1970s, landmark clinical trials established that β-blocker therapy in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction was highly effective in reducing overall mortality and SCD, and this has now become the standard of care. Markers of activation of the ANS—such as increased plasma norepinephrine (NE)—have been shown to be sensitive markers of mortality in patients with heart failure from all causes, and judicious use of β-blockers has shown to reduce mortality in this setting as well. Markers of autonomic dysfunction in patients with heart disease include reduced heart rate variability and blunted baroreflex sensitiv. Studies in humans and in cellular and animal models are currently elucidating molecular and genetic mechanisms modulating that risk. The development of improved therapies, possibly by modulating specifically targeted intracellular signaling pathways, may result in reduced risk for this devastating health issue.
The School Health Promotion Profile: Measuring a School's Health

(1990). The School Health Promotion Profile: Measuring a School's Health. Health Education: Vol. 21, Back to School, pp. 20-24.
The Psychoanalytic Other: Commentary on Paper by Helen K. Gediman

Dr. Gediman locates the intersection of modern Freudian and relational theory in the arena of what she calls the “disclosures of everyday analysis” (p. 242). She suggests that because Freudian analysts, like their relational colleagues, work intersubjectively, relational theory does not itself embody a paradigm shift away from the Freudian model. I disagree. Relational theories assume that the analyst's work is inevitably informed by the relational context in a way that precludes clinical certainty. Gediman, however, believes that the analyst is capable of separating her countertransference response from her subjectivity and thus can interpret from a position of clinical certainty. Each set of theoretical assumptions is associated with a somewhat different analytic stance and analytic ideal. Freudian analysts aim for a position of “methodological neutrality” that relies on considerable certainty in the countertransference while giving the analyst plenty of room within which to use her subjectivity. The re...
Declining Quality of Life Costs Governments Elections: Review of 13 OECD Countries

I review studies of national elections from 13 OECD countries over 30 years to examine the effect of declining or increasing Quality of Life (QOL) on citizens’ voting behavior. The results are consistent with the theory that citizens hold the incumbent party responsible for increases or decreases in QOL during their term in office, and vote against an incumbent party that fails to deliver improved QOL. Studies show that this “responsibility hypothesis” holds not only for economic variables such as GDP/capita, but for murder rates, violent crime rates, nutrition, and inequality. The platform and qualification of candidates also has an effect on voting, but the macro-variables composing QOL occur prior to and act to shape the platform and strategy of candidates. These results hold important implications for constructing indexes of QOL, because researchers can use national voting behavior to recover the weights that voters use in combining domains of QOL. By using these weights from the ‘representative voter’, researchers can create a unified index of QOL for social reports.
Ballistic Impacts on Composite and Sandwich Structures

Composite and sandwich structures are sometimes subjected to impacts that result in complete perforation. Tests are conducted to determine the velocity required to achieve complete penetration for a given projectile and a model is required for data reduction purposes, to understand the effect of various parameters and to extrapolate for other test conditions. In addition, models capable of predicting the ballistic limit and the extent of damage in composite and sandwich structures are also needed. This chapter presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of the existing literature on this topic.
A fast codebook search algorithm for nearest-neighbor pattern matching

A critical issue in the use of Vector Quantization is to circumvent the complexity bottleneck that prevents the full power of this data compression technique from being exploited. The demanding exhaustive codebook search can be avoided by more efficient algorithms for locating the nearest codevector in a codebook to a given input vector. This paper introduces a fast nearest neighbor search algorithm, the Binary Hyperplane Testing (BHT) algorithm, for fast codebook searching when least Euclidean distance is the appropriate distortion or dissimilarity measure. Let N denote the size of a codebook, and k denote the dimension of a vector. The search complexity of the BHT algorithm increases linearly with the resolution r = (\log_{2}N)/k for fixed dimension k . The search complexity of the BHT algorithm is sufficiently low that it has been used to implement a real-time speech waveform vector quantizer with sampling rate 8 KHz, dimension k = 4 , and codebook size N = 128 using a single programmable signal processor, the TMS32010.
Storm on the Horizon: An Inmate Re-authors His Story

This paper presents the writing of an inmate, Whispers, who participated in a writing project taught by the author at San Quentin State Prison. The inmate was a student in a class called Write Your Life and it was in that class that he wrote Storm on the Horizon, a story he would author/re-author three times. Through the process of re-authoring he creates a story situated in the real world that ultimately helps him in rendering new meaning from his lived experience. Re-authoring his story allowed Whispers to explore varying perspectives that succeed in making his experience comprehensible. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1002287