cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogenistics and morphogenetics

The epistemological restructuring goes much beyond the controversy between the relativists and the universalists. It makes us realize that the basic principle of biological, social and some physical processes is increase of heterogeneity and symbiotization. It requires us to see heterogeneity not as deviation from the average but as indispensable components in the system; not as source of conflict but as source of symbiosis and mutual benefit. Furthermore, it goes beyond the concept of division of labor and considers heterogeneity as interactive network which contributes to further heterogenization, symbiotization and cultural change instead of maintenance of the status quo. It sees heterogeneity not as an instrument of evolution which is assumed to have a universal direction, but as a producer of unpredetermined directions of evolution. It sees culture or elements of culture as generating new needs and goals rather than regarding them as internally satisfactory. And it prompts us to develop a science of finding symbiotic combinations among alternative ways the heterogeneous elements can select, rather than watching unsymbiotic combinations defeat themselves.
Biliary copper excretion in the rat.

SummaryGel filtration chromatography and spectral analysis of copper-containing fractions from rat bile suggest that the major fraction of biliary copper is associated with amino acids and small peptides.Following adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy? bile flow was significantly decreased suggesting that adrenal steroids regulate biliary copper excretion by choleretic action.
Excretion of Insulin by Normal and Pathologic Rabbit Kidney

Recently, Jourdonais and one of us1 demonstrated the presence of insulin in the blood stream for 60 to 90 minutes after the intravenous injection of massive doses of insulin in rabbits. After that period, insulin was not detected in the blood by the procedures used. To determine the fate of at least part of the injected insulin, the present experiments on the renal excretion of this hormone were planned. Moreover, since insulin is readily adsorbed to proteins, we endeavored to determine whether insulin is lost in greater amounts through the pathologic kidney exhibiting proteinuria than through the normal kidney. These preliminary studies will indicate our results to date.Three rabbits received 200 units of insulin∗ intravenously and one the same amount subcutaneously. Urine specimens (by catheter) were collected before and at regular intervals after the injection of insulin for the next 5 or 6 hours. The bladder was washed with 2 or 3 cc of water after the collection of each urine specimen. Gentle abdomin...
Dynamic Properties of Some Eastern Mediterranean Marine Sediments

A series of resonant column tests on sediments from offshore Haifa, Israel are presented in this paper. Samples were obtained from both the Akhziv submarine canyon and the undisturbed slope located on the continental terrace of Northern Israel in the Eastern Mediterranean using a gravity corer in 59 to 699 m of water depth. The continental shelf of northern Sinai, Israel, and Lebanon is made of 1–2-km-thick Nile-derived sediments of the Pliocene–Quaternary age that were transported to the northeast by the counterclockwise contour current system of the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, and accumulated along the continental margin. The sediments tested consist of dark grey silty clays (MH/CH). The sedimentological pattern over the continental shelf and the adjacent parts of the deep-sea Levant Platform essentially consists of continuous hemipelagic sedimentation of the Nile-derived sediments along the continental margin and frequent episodic earthquake triggered sediment slumping with redistribution down slope. The soft sediments described in this paper were trimmed for use in the resonant column apparatus using an osmotic knife in the shape of a split mold. The resonant column utilized in this study was a fixed free apparatus. The total unit weight of the specimens ranged from 14.31 to 17.98 kN/m3, whereas the water content varied from 40 % to 95 %. Maximum shear modulus varied with depth of water, location on the shelf and in the canyon. For the undisturbed slope, the maximum shear modulus is approximately 25 to 29 MPa. For the canyon flank, the modulus ranged from 4.2 to 17.2 MPa. This is in contrast to the canyon bed where shear modulus ranged from 220 to 334 MPa. The increase in shear modulus of the canyon bed sediments is believed a result of either or both internal structure or slight cementation in the Akhziv material based on a combination of previous triaxial testing and site geology. The corresponding damping ratio ranges from 0.5 % to 4 % as a function of shear strain and effective stress. Modulus and damping test results are compared with other marine sediments: offshore Eureka, CA; Navarin Basin, Bering Sea; Gulf of Mexico; and Casablanca and the Santa Barbara Channel California.
The Actor in Thirds: Gao’s Theory of Performance

Following the chapters on jingju and absurdist aesthetics, this chapter takes up Gao’s sense of aesthetics, one that draws on both traditions and arguably goes beyond them. Gao has a concept of the tripartitioned self, or the actor in three parts. There is a neutral actor, the actor, performing-character, and the character. The chapter recognizes similarities to Brecht’s performance theories, but goes on to demonstrate how Gao’s dramaturgy activates his tripartitioned actor in different ways. The chapter introduces a semiotic lens to demonstrate this and takes up the importance of language in Gao’s work and how it disrupts identity.
Abstract 4888: Antibody blockade of semaphorin 4D breaks down stromal barriers to enhance tumoricidal immune infiltration, supporting rational immunotherapy combinations

Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100) and its receptor plexin-B1 are broadly expressed in cancer; increased expression correlates with poor prognosis. SEMA4D normally functions to regulate the motility and differentiation of multiple cell types, including those of the immune, vascular, and nervous systems. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), SEMA4D is expressed strongly at the invasive margin and modulates the infiltration and spatial distribution of leukocytes, suppressing anti-tumor activity. Neutralization of SEMA4D was evaluated for effects on immune activity and tumor growth in preclinical models, incorporating single agent and combination treatments with other immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors. The safety and tolerability of humanized anti-SEMA4D antibody VX15/2503 was assessed in a Phase I clinical trial. RESULTS: SEMA4D restricts migration of myeloid cells expressing cognate PLXNB1/2 receptors, determined using trans-well migration assays and IHC of in vivo tumors. Antibody neutralization disrupted the SEMA4D gradient at the invasive margin, which correlated with recruitment of activated APCs and T lymphocytes into the TME, and significant shift toward increased Th1 cytokines (IFNg, TNFa) and CTL-recruiting CXCL9 chemokine, with concurrent reduction in Treg- and M2-macrophage promoting chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CCL17). Accordingly, an increase in Teff:Treg ratio (3x, p SEMA4D antibody treatment was well tolerated in nonclinical and clinical studies; including a Phase I multiple ascending dose trial in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Patients with the longest duration of treatment, 48-55 weeks, included colorectal, breast, and a papillary thyroid patient, who had a partial response by RECIST. Progression free survival strongly correlated with elevated baseline lymphocyte counts (r = 0.6133), supporting an immune mediated mechanism of action for VX15/2503. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of SEMA4D represents a novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy to promote functional immune infiltration into the tumor and inhibit tumor progression. A phase 1b/2 trial of combination therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor is planned. Citation Format: Elizabeth E. Evans, Holm Bussler, Sebold Torno, Crystal Mallow, Christine Reilly, Maria Scrivens, Ekaterina Klimatcheva, Laurie A. Winter, Renee Kirk, Alan Howell, Leslie Balch, John E. Leonard, Mark Paris, Terrence L. Fisher, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Antoni Ribas, Ernest S. Smith, Maurice Zauderer. Antibody blockade of semaphorin 4D breaks down stromal barriers to enhance tumoricidal immune infiltration, supporting rational immunotherapy combinations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4888.
Western Boundary Currents

Western boundary currents (see Fig. 1.4) are mid-latitude, poleward-flowing, warm currents located at the western edge of ocean basins. They transport globally significant amounts of heat, nutrients, and carbon to higher latitudes. The movement of material and heat to higher latitudes has significant effects on the global climate but also significantly affects the ocean margin through which they pass.
How to Join Fiber-Reinforced Composite Parts: An Experimental Investigation

A coupler has been developed to prevent windshield wiper systems from being damaged by excessive loads that can occur when the normal wiping pattern is restricted. Unlike the traditional steel coupler used in wiper systems, the composite coupler will buckle at a prescribed compressive load threshold and become extremely compliant. As a result, the peak loading of the coupler and the entire wiper system can be greatly reduced. The coupler is composed of a pultruded composite rod with injection-molded plastic spherical sockets attached at either end. The sockets are used to attach the coupler to the crank and rocker of the windshield wiper linkage. Because the loads exerted on a coupler vary in magnitude and direction during a wiping cycle, the joint between the sockets and the pultruded composite rod must be robust. The paradigm for attaching sockets to steel couplers (i.e. over-molding the sockets around holes stamped into the ends of traditional steel couplers) was tested and found to produce inadequate joint strength. This paper details the methodology that was employed to produce and optimize an acceptable means to join the injection-molded sockets to the fiber glass pultruded rods. Specifically, a designed experiment based on the Robust Design Strategy of Taguchi was used to identify the process, processing parameters, and materials that yield a sufficiently strong joint at a reasonable manufacturing cost without damaging the integrity of the underlying composite structure.
Impact of early childhood trauma on retention and phase advancement in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program

Background Early adverse life events such as childhood trauma have been linked to development of substance use disorders. The prevalence and impact on treatment of early childhood trauma in opioid-dependent individuals has received limited research attention. The present study examined reported childhood trauma and its relation to retention and adherence in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program. Methods Medical records of individuals who completed childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were reviewed to extract baseline data and demographics (N = 113). Total and subscale CTQ scores were dichotomized to low versus moderate-severe levels of trauma. Treatment course evaluation was based on successful phase advancement and retention in treatment during the first 90 days. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between CTQ subscales and total score and the two outcomes adjusting for covariates. Results Moderate-severe trauma defined by total CTQ score was present in 16% of participants. Logistic regression models showed significant associations between physical and emotional neglect and drop out after adjusting for covariates. Individuals who had never married and those with positive admission urine drug screen for opiates associated significantly with drop out. Conclusions and scientific significance The results from a convenience sample participating in a university-based buprenorphine treatment program demonstrated significant association between self-reported early childhood trauma and retention during the first 90 days. These findings suggest that addressing early trauma could potentially improve adherence rates leading to reduced disease burden. This study extends the knowledge base on potential predictive factors associated with successful participation in outpatient buprenorphine treatment. (Am J Addict 2016;25:542-548).
AIDS and population growth in sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the sensitivity of projections

Despite different models to project the course of the AIDS pandemic and a scarcity of data to provide standard input parameters for those models, a limited consensus emerges from distinct sets of population projections. In sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates are projected to remain positive in spite of the pandemic over the next few decades. To investigate this conclusion, alternative projections of an HIV/AIDS epidemic and its related mortality are first produced from different sets of input parameters and assumptions. Their incorporation into the population projections of a fast-growing country illustrates the robustness of projected population growth rates under very different scenarios of the future epidemic but with the common assumption that it will not affect the mortality of the uninfected population, fertility nor migration. This paper then shows that the projected growth rates are much less robust when interactions between the epidemic and the demographic regime are allowed and identifies several potential mechanisms for such interactions. In particular, it suggests that improving our confidence in the medium-term projections of the demographic impact of AIDS in the region requires less a refinement of the projections of the epidemic than a better understanding of its impact on the timing of the postulated fertility decline.
Perturbed Projection Methods for Various Classes of Operator and Integral Equations

We develop a convergence theory for various perturbed projection methods for a class of operator equations which includes Fredholm, Volterra, and many Cauchy singular equations. Using this theory, we rederive a number of recent convergence results of Brunner, Spence, and Thomas, and Joe, for discrete Galerkin and collocation methods and their iterates, where the perturbations are induced by numerical integration errors. These results are compared to those obtained by Atkinson and Bogomolny by nonperturbation methods. Although the perturbation approach is more general, the nonperturbation method appears to give sharper error estimates for specific classes of problems. A conjecture is made as to the origin of this discrepancy.
Development of a preliminary model of connectedness with healthcare providers for adolescents and young adults with cancer.

92Background: Adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYA) have poorer outcomes than younger or older cancer patients. AYA survivorship outcomes are complicated by psychosocial late effects and engagement in risky lifestyle behaviors that may increase secondary cancers and other chronic illnesses. Earlier identification and enhancement of protective factors that foster healthy lifestyle behaviors is an NIH/NCI priority. Early connectedness with healthcare providers (HCPs) may diminish risk-taking behaviors and foster healthcare self-management in AYA survivors.The purpose of this presentation is to describe the processes of developing a preliminary model of connectedness with HCPs for AYA. Methods: A preliminary model of connectedness was initially derived from a concept analysis that systematically critiqued 28 peer-reviewed sources. The preliminary model of connectedness was then validated and expanded by results of a phenomenological study of AYA cancer survivors (n = 9) regarding their experience of...
Assessing the Effect of Social Information on Cerulean Warbler Settlement in South-Central Indiana (Poster)

Laws including the National Environmental Policy Act, National Forest Management Act and Endangered Species Act require both knowledge of potential effects on wildlife species and specify what effects may or may not occur to species. In the context of land management agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service, before a timber harvest, prescribed fire, or wildlife habitat improvement project occurs, these laws require a wildlife biologist to disclose the effects of the project on wildlife species and propose options to reduce potential negative effects. Decision-makers are then required to consider these effects and prevent jeopardizing listed species or impacting viability of “sensitive” species. These legal requirements result in biologists producing a report called a Biological Evaluation and Assessment specifying how a project would affect sensitive and federally listed species. Wildlife research is used to answer the following questions about each species of interest including, status, trend, habitat, applicable survey data, and mechanisms of effects on species. The key piece of information needed is the effect on the individual and population as a whole. However, the less research is available, the more logic and reasoned speculation are used to estimate these potential effects. Discerning the effect on the individual and population as a whole is usually based on little science because the science rarely reaches this point. Thus, the most critical pieces of the analysis – what are the effects? And how important are they? are based upon a logic string, and of course subject to judicial review. The fisher (Pekania pennanti) was used as an example by comparing recent research with conclusions reached in land management documentation. As land managers we recommend that research 1) work closely with management to insure research is as applicable as possible, and 2) that research focus on how changes in a home range may affect the individual and population and to what degree.
TRPV4 Channels Contribute to Renal Myogenic Autoregulation in Neonatal Pigs

Myogenic response, a phenomenon in which resistance size arteries and arterioles swiftly constrict or dilate in response to an acute elevation or reduction, respectively, in intravascular pressure ...
A Sociotechnical Study of a Community-based Rewards Program: Insights on Building Social, Financial and Human Capital

Individual empowerment is defined as an increased sense of confidence and control over one's life. Empowerment is critical in low-income communities, and can be facilitated through the development of social, financial and human capital. We present a qualitative study of a community program that seeks to empower low-income neighborhood residents through a mobile application that connects them to local resources. Our findings highlight how the application and offline socio-organizational mechanisms worked in tandem to create gateways for capital building-sparking connections (to people and opportunities) that residents leveraged with varying motivations and outcomes. We also discuss how the interplay of newly-developed financial, social, and human capital contributed to residents' sense of empowerment and impacted their families. We contribute to CSCW by extending an existing community informatics framework, characterizing the value of sociotechnical systems that holistically build social, financial, and human capital amongst neighborhood residents.
Without Adaptive Immunity, There’s a Cost to Responding STAT

The relative contributions of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in responding to the intestinal microbiota during ontogeny are largely unknown. A recent study in Nature by Mao et al. (2018) elegantly dissects the role of each cell type in the intestine and further describes the metabolic cost to innate immunity.
A Low-Power Complex Bandpass Gm-C Filter with Dynamic Range Expansion through Adaptive Biasing

This paper presents a first-order complex bandpass filter designed with a large-signal linearization technique. A novel adaptive biasing circuit is proposed to extend the linear range of the filter, which was designed in 130nm CMOS technology with a power consumption of 26.1 μW from a 0.6 V supply. The simulated center frequency and bandwidth of the filter are 2 MHz and 600 KHz respectively. It has an image rejection ratio of 22 dB per pole and an out-of-band spurious-free dynamic range of 56.0 dB.
Loss of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Alters Oncolytic Adenovirus Replication and Promotes More Efficient Virus Production.

We elucidate the role of p21/Waf-1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, on the oncolytic infection and replication cycle of adenovirus by studying both mRNA and adenoviral proteins expression. We found that infection in the absence of p21 causes a significant increase in adenoviral genomes and late gene expression. Similarly, the oncolytic adenoviral infected p21−/− cells have earlier formation of replication foci and robust replication kinetics that were not observed in the wild type p21/Waf-1 intact cells. These findings suggest a culmination that the presence of intact p21 in host cells causes defects in the oncolytic viral life cycle which results in the production of immature and noninfectious particles.
HyperQ/Process: An Expert System for Manufactuing Process Selection

This paper describes an expert system that helps designers select a manufacturing process in the earliest stage of product design. First, the paper focuses on net-shape manufacturing processes and identifies the major factors that affect the selection of an appropriate process. A versatile methodology should consider all the factors simultaneously in assessing the suitability of the candidate processes. The proposed system uses the concept of design compatibility analysis to represent the suitability of candidate processes with respect to the given product specifications. The expert system uses this knowledge to eliminate incompatible candidates and rank the compatible set of processes. A prototype system called HyperQ/Process uses HyperCard and Prolog to implement the proposed methodology. HyperQ/Process also contains information related to each process.
Semiologías del deseo en "Signos bajo la piel" de Pía Barros

Semiologias del deseo en "Signos bajo la piel" Partiendo de la premisa que la autora de Signos bajo la piel busca reinventar el lenguaje del cuerpo erotizado, al elaborarlo desde una perspectiva postfeminista, este trabajo explora la representacion del deseo en los cuentos de Pia Barros. Haciendo uso de las teorias del cuerpo de Helene Cixous y de Luce Irigaray, el ensayo examina los distintos modos en que estos cuentos encaran la necesidad de re-concebir y re-escribir, desde la diferencia generica, la experiencia erotica de un grupo heterogeneo de mujeres. Semiologies of Desire in "Signos bajo la Piel" Starting from the premise that the author of "Signos bajo la piel" seeks the reinvention of body language as eroticized when viewed from a post feminist perspective, this study explores the representation of desire in the stories of Pia Barros. By making use of the theory of the body of Helena Cixous and Luce Irigaray, this analysis centers on the dif.ferent modes in which the stories confront the need to re-conceive and re-write, from the generic dif.ference, the ero tic experience of a heterogeneous group ofwomen.
Treatment Delayed is Treatment Denied

The past few decades have witnessed the steady development of a mental health jurisprudence dedicated to the preservation of human rights. Self-determination and personal autonomy are critical aspects of this perspective, pervading every facet of institutional psychiatric care. Of considerable concern, however, are those cases in which rote procedural approaches produce unintended consequences for the very persons such maneuvers were designed to protect. Delays-inherent in court-based procedures-may ironically lead to an acute illness becoming chronic, and to a single bout of inpatient services being transformed into a lifetime of revolving-door psychiatric admissions. This discussion is not about lawyers or lawyering; rather, it is about the proposition that a better system can and should be devised for advocates who must make do with the options they are dealt. A particularly problematic example is the "Rogers Guardianship" model currently prevalent in Massachusetts. Laws that effectively place on counsel and courts the challenge of second-guessing medical treatment decisions-with minimal latitude for counsel to exercise measured professional judgment-will inevitably generate, and empirically do generate, a degree of delay that ironically deprives patients of the liberation from illness that is the common goal of all stakeholders. Possible solutions to these difficulties are also suggested.
“Addition,” “Pollutant,” “Point Source”: Recent Case Developments Affecting the Scope of Activities Covered by the CWA

This article examines recent developments in the interpretation of the words “addition,” “pollutant,” and “point source,” as used in the Clean Water Act. These words have been the subject of much controversy and many interpretations as the CWA leaves them undefined. The Supreme Court has concluded most notably that the transfer of polluted water within the same body of water does not constitute “addition,” however the transfer of pollutants from one body of water into another is addition. Similarly, much controversy has surrounded the possibility of pesticides, lead shot and erosion as additions. Most recently courts have found that pesticides added to a river to eliminate pestilent fish species is not an addition. With regard to lead by-products and dredged sand debris, courts have gone the other way and found that both materials are additions. Finally, with regard to point sources, conveyances such as gullies and ditches have been found to be point sources, but mining cases present more difficulty. The court has held that the “mere presence” of identified chemicals in water does not constitute a violation of the CWA because such chemicals occurs naturally.
Toward a 2.0 Compact for the Liberal Arts

New demands on learning coupled with new concerns about a changing world have resulted in a new focus on what constitutes a durable learning experience in a liberal arts setting. While the noise of...
The Ebb and Flow of Global Governance: Intergovernmentalism versus Nongovernmentalism in World Politics

The Ebb and Flow of Global Governance challenges the traditionally dichotomous distinction between international intergovernmental organizations and international nongovernmental organizations. Alexandru Grigorescu argues that international organizations are best understood as falling on an 'intergovernmental-nongovernmental continuum'. The placement of organizations on this continuum is determined by how much government involvement factors into their decision-making, financing, and deliberations. Using this fine-grained conceptualization, Grigorescu uncovers numerous changes in the intergovernmental versus nongovernmental nature of global governance over the past century and a half. These changes are due primarily to ideological and institutional domestic shifts in powerful states. The Ebb and Flow of Global Governance assesses the plausibility of these arguments through archival research on a dozen organizations from the global health, labor, and technical standards realms. Grigorescu concludes that there has been a continuous ebb and flow in world politics, rather than an inexorable movement towards greater roles for nongovernmental actors, as existing literature argues.
Chapter 1 - Impact of VLSI on Computer Architectures

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the impact of very large scale integration (VLSI) on computer architectures. The emergence of VLSI technology has opened many new architectural concepts that depart sharply from the design of conventional computer systems. The design of single-chip computers, special-purpose chips to implement algorithms, and more intelligent computer system modules, such as memory and I/O processors, are the basic impacts of VLSI technology on computer system design. Using the general-purpose or special-purpose chips as basic building blocks, very powerful but inexpensive computer systems can be designed. The low cost of these systems enables the design of special-purpose computer systems in which the architecture is tailored to the application. The design of special-purpose VLSI chips to implement algorithms is illustrated by the implementation of a simple systolic priority queue. However, the problem of complexity must be overcome to exploit the advantages of VLSI technology. Design methodology and automated design tools are needed far more urgently than ever in the generation of VLSI technology.
On the Manufacturing Process of a Single-Step Fully 3D Printed Conformal Patch Antenna

NinjaFlex and Electrifi are two popular 3D-printing filaments with unique material properties. Electrifi is a conductive filament which is useful for 3D printing digital electronic interconnects as well as antenna structures. Meanwhile, NinjaFlex is a flexible filament which, when used as an antenna substrate, supports the fabrication of conformal antennas. Previously, Electrifi or thin copper foil structures have been laminated (attached) to NinjaFlex substrates using adhesives. This paper presents a multi-material technique for directly 3D-printing Electrifi and NinjaFlex together, in a single print job, on a single-extruder printer. The antenna and substrate layers are thermally bonded to one another, during the printing process, with no adhesives added.
Idiopathic thyroid abscess in a healthy 22-year old female – A case of anchoring bias

Abstract Thyroid abscess is a rare pathology, accounting for less than 1% of all thyroid diseases. Those who do experience thyroid abscesses are commonly immunocompromised, as the thyroid is highly resilient to infections. Here, we illustrate a case of a thyroid abscess in a young, healthy patient with no pre-existing medical conditions or anatomical abnormalities. Initial emergency department CT imaging illustrated a cystic, homogenous neck mass that was initially suspected to be a thyroid carcinoma. The patient was referred to the Department of Endocrine Surgery at a tertiary academic medical center for workup and management. On presentation to Endocrine Surgery, the patient complained of fever, progressive swelling of the mass causing an inability to move her neck, inability to eat or drink, inability to lie flat due to shortness of breath, and new-onset sialorrhea and voice changes. Bedside ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration confirmed a thyroid abscess, and the patient was emergently taken to the operating room for neck exploration, hemithyroidectomy, and incision/drainage of the thyroid abscess.
Polypharmacy and comorbidities during pregnancy in a cohort of women with migraine.

ObjectiveTo describe longitudinal patterns of medication use throughout pregnancy in women with migraine.MethodsWe used the IBM MarketScan healthcare claims database in the US to create a cohort of...
Strategic Implications for Civil Infrastructure and Logistical Support Systems in Postearthquake Disaster Management: The Case of St. Louis

An important role of postearthquake emergency management is to minimize the restoration time, which is the sum of the travel time and the response time. The travel time is the time needed to reach the affected area from the dispatch location, whereas the response time is the time required to bring the situation under control after reaching the affected area. A number of built environment variables, e.g., building collapse probability, and natural variables, e.g., flooding probability, are known to affect the restoration time. Data from St. Louis, MO, USA, are used in conjunction with a discrete-event-based simulation model to identify the statistically significant variables via an analysis of variance. The experimental results show that in order to reduce the loss of life, the volume of resources and the building collapse and flooding probabilities are significant factors that should be accounted for in the emergency-response planning for an earthquake.
Teaching as Intellectual Solidarity

This paper is a critical case study, which proposes intellectual solidarity as a grounding framework for education. Our initial assumptions considered the following: first, what are those antagonisms limiting authentic human relationships and social transformation in schooling and society? Second, what are some of the dispositions, pedagogies, and experiences of teachers who identify as critical educators and endeavor to transform those antagonisms with students and community members? As we proceed, we describe what we understand to be the interconnected relationship between alienation, schooling, and socialization. Our claim is the relationship between intellectualism and solidarity might be understood as an important remedy to the harmful ideologies limiting personal freedoms and especially collective agency. We identify middle class neoliberal whiteness as the prevailing ideological construct limiting the type of work teachers might otherwise conduct. We further argue teachers might begin by adopting and embodying a critical ontological pedagogical posture to focus more transformational forms of learning. Finally, we acknowledge intellectual solidarity is not a series of practices, but rather an approach working toward informed collective agency.
Association between calving difficulty score and intrapelvic dimensions, calf hoof circumference, and calf birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cattle

Dystocia in cattle results in pain and suffering, and is an important cause of calf mortality and economic loss in the dairy and beef industries. Accurate prediction of dystocia will facilitate earlier intervention in cattle undergoing parturition. The objective of this study was to determine associations between calving difficulty score and intra pelvic dimensions, calf hoof circumference, and calf birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cattle.
Long-term survivors of murine sepsis are predisposed to enhanced LPS-induced lung injury and proinflammatory immune reprogramming.

Millions of people who survive sepsis each year are rehospitalized and die due to late pulmonary complications. To prevent and treat these complications, biomarkers and molecular mediators must be ...
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severely head-injured children. Part 1: Relationship with GCS score, outcome, ICP, and PVI.

✓ The literature suggests that in children with severe head injury, cerebral hyperemia is common and related to high intracranial pressure (ICP). However, there are very few data on cerebral blood flow (CBF) after severe head injury in children. This paper presents 72 measurements of cerebral blood flow (“CBF15”), using the 133Xe inhalation method, with multiple detectors over both hemispheres in 32 children aged 3 to 18 years (mean 13.6 years) with severe closed head injury (average Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 5.4). In 25 of the children, these were combined with measurements of arteriojugular venous oxygen difference (AVDO2) and of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). In 30 patients, the first measurement was taken approximately 12 hours postinjury. In 18 patients, an indication of brain stiffness was obtained by withdrawal and injection of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and calculation of the pressure-volume index (PVI) of Marmarou. The CBF and CMRO2 data were correlated with the GCS score, o...
Chapter 4 Military applications of enhanced thermoelectrics

Publisher Summary In recent times aviation, communication, medicine, and information dissemination have had major impetus from military research and development funding agencies. Widespread nonmilitary use of a technology can also lower costs sufficiently to make its large-scale integration into military systems feasible. For several decades, the military has employed thermoelectrics (TE) modules in a number of niche applications, and that continues to be the case. However, the number and importance of the niches is growing with the increasing technological sophistication of war fighting, and this is bound to continue. The United States Marines and Army Rangers go into combat carrying more weight in batteries than in munitions. The chapter discusses that sensors are needed for the remarkably small-caliber “smart” munitions that forward-looking research now envisions. It seems inevitable that more energy harvesting and sensor cooling is needed. The TE knowledge base and cadre of experts developed in the scientific community by the recent surge in military-funded TE research should prove to be a national asset in meeting these needs.
Efficiency system for DSP algorithms on embedded ARM PXA processors

Energy awareness and management are two vital concepts essential to the successful operation and application of embedded computing systems. Furthermore, embedded systems need to be equipped with high performance processors under specific embedded environmental conditions. The purpose of this project is an in-depth technical comparison of energy and performance for the ARM PXA processor operation vs. Conventional DSPs, via digital signal processing code development. The parameters and tools for our comparison included: memory and cache management (primarily the effects various data set sizes have on the use and misuse of cache). We will quantify these metrics using In-Line Assembler to access the ARM PXA Performance Monitoring Registers. Initially we tested out these parameters via a basic FIR filter design. Our testing scenarios then involved a more elaborate signal processing algorithm, namely, a fixed point 1-D and 2-D FFT, thereby conclusively proving the origins and strategies for optimization within this reference frame.
JMLUnit: the next generation

Designing unit test suites for object-oriented systems is a painstaking, repetitive, and error-prone task, and significant research has been devoted to the automatic generation of test suites. One method for generating unit tests is to use formal class and method specifications as test oracles and automatically run them with developer-provided data values; for Java code with formal specifications written in the Java Modeling Language, this method is embodied in the JMLUnit tool and the JUnit testing framework on which it is based. While JMLUnit can provide reasonable test coverage when used by a skilled developer, it suffers from several shortcomings including excessive memory utilization during testing and the need to manually write significant amounts of code to generate non-primitive test data objects. In this paper we describe JMLUnitNG, a TestNG-based successor to JMLUnit that can automatically generate and execute millions of tests, using supplied test data of only primitive types, without consuming excessive amounts of memory. We also present a comparison of test coverage between JMLUnitNG and the original JMLUnit.
Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated human-bovine (UK) reassortant rotavirus vaccines with VP7-specificity for serotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4 in adults, children and infants.

Abstract Live rotavirus vaccine candidates representing VP7 serotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4 derived by reassortment between bovine UK rotavirus and human rotavirus strains D, DS-1, P or ST3 were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in adults, children and infants. Infection was defined by evidence of rotavirus shed in stools or a 4-fold or greater increase in serum rotavirus-specific IgA or IgG ELISA or plaque reduction neutralization antibody. A single oral dose (10 5.3 or 10 5.8 pfu) of reassortant virus was well tolerated and infected most infants: 10/20 (50%) by D×UK; 9/11 (82%) by DS-1×UK; 8/10 (80%) by P×UK and 13/14 (93%) by ST3×UK. All 14 infants given two doses of D×UK were infected. These findings demonstrating satisfactory levels of attenuation, safety, infectivity and immunogenicity of each reassortant in infants warrant additional studies of a candidate vaccine containing these four strains.
In acute pathogenic SIV infection plasmacytoid dendritic cells are depleted from blood and lymph nodes despite mobilization.

Background Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are depleted from blood of individuals with HIV infection associated with progression to disease. It has been postulated but not proven that pDC accumulate in lymph nodes and induce sustained immune activation characteristic of disease. Methods The dynamics of the pDC response to acute pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaques were studied using methods to track recently divided cells. Results pDC were lost from blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection despite rapid mobilization and recruitment. pDC had a low frequency of infection, were uniformly activated and had increased levels of apoptosis, while maintaining normal function. Conclusions pDC mobilization into blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection does not keep pace with excessive pDC loss through activation and apoptosis. The depletion of pDC from lymphoid tissues in acutely infected rhesus macaques does not support a pathogenic role for pDC in disease.
WD40 Repeat Proteins Striatin and S/G2 Nuclear Autoantigen Are Members of a Novel Family of Calmodulin-binding Proteins That Associate with Protein Phosphatase 2A

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a multifunctional serine/threonine phosphatase that is critical to many cellular processes including development, neuronal signaling, cell cycle regulation, and viral transformation. PP2A has been implicated in Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways, but how PP2A is targeted to these pathways is not understood. We have identified two calmodulin (CaM)-binding proteins that form stable complexes with the PP2A A/C heterodimer and may represent a novel family of PP2A B-type subunits. These two proteins, striatin and S/G2 nuclear autoantigen (SG2NA), are highly related WD40 repeat proteins of previously unknown function and distinct subcellular localizations. Striatin has been reported to associate with the post-synaptic densities of neurons, whereas SG2NA has been reported to be a nuclear protein expressed primarily during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. We show that SG2NA, like striatin, binds to CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition to CaM and PP2A, several unidentified proteins stably associate with the striatin-PP2A and SG2NA-PP2A complexes. Thus, one mechanism of targeting and organizing PP2A with components of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways may be through the molecular scaffolding proteins striatin and SG2NA.
The Effects of Several of the Most Common Family Structures on the Academic Achievement of Eighth Graders

SUMMARY Over the last twenty-five years, researchers have become greatly interested in the effects of family structure on the academic achievement of children. The vast majority of these studies have focused on one or two family structures in their analysis. There remains, however, a considerable amount of debate about which of these family structures impacts the academic achievement of children the most. Using the NELS data set from the 1988-1992 period, the effects of seven family structure variables were examined to determine the extent to which several family structures impact the academic achievement of children. The results of this study indicate that the effects of family structure on the academic achievement of children vary considerably among the most common family structures. When SES, race, and gender are not controlled, living with a never-married single-parent or living with a remarried widow(er) had the greatest impact on the academic achievement of children. When these variables are control...
Chemical and isotopic diversity in basalts dredged from the East Pacific Rise at 10°S, the fossil Galapagos Rise and the Nazca plate

Abstract We present petrographic, chemical and isotopic data for fresh lava samples dredged from three regions: (1) the fossil Galapagos Rise; (2) an elongate volcano near this extinct spreading center; and (3) the East Pacific Rise at 10°S. The samples from the Galapagos Rise are among the first samples from any fossil spreading center to be analyzed. Alkalic picrites from the elongate seamount and transitional basalts from the East Pacific Rise are both somewhat unusual rock types considering their respective tectonic environments. The dredges from the East Pacific Rise at about 10°S recovered unusual transitional, light rare-earth element (LREE) enriched basalts which show a range of fractionation. On the basis of their chemical and isotopic abundances, it is unlikely that the lavas are related by a single simple process of magmatic differentiation. We suggest that the mantle source region of these basalts was chemically and isotopically heterogeneous. The chemistry of LREE-depleted tholeiitic basalt dredged from near the axis of the extinct Galapagos Rise indicates complex petrogenesis and differentiation. The presence of tholeiitic basalts here indicates that unlike the Guadalupe and Mathematician fossil ridges, the Galapagos Rise has not been the site of voluminous post-abandonment alkalic volcanism. Alkalic basalts of picritic bulk composition dredged from an elongate seamount near the Galapagos Rise do not represent liquid compositions. Instead, we suggest that these alkalic liquids contain added olivine and plagioclase xenocrysts. Although most of the samples analyzed are very fresh, a few have been altered. The latter exhibit characteristic chemical and isotopic effects of seawater alteration.
Ribonuclease-susceptible charged groups at the surface of ehrlich ascites tumour cells.

The electrophoretic mobilities of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells are significantly reduced following treatment with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. This loss of net surface negativity has been intensively investigated, and has been shown to be due to the enzymatic activity of the ribonuclease, as distinct from non-specific adsorption of this basic protein. The experimental data are consistent with the concept that RNA is a structural component of the cell periphery. Groupements Charges a la Surface des Cellules Les mobilites electrophoretiques des cellules tumorales des ascites d'Ehrlich diminuent notablement apres un traitement a la ribonuclease pancreatique bovine. Cette baisse de la charge negative nette de la surface a fait l'objet de recherches approfondies qui ont montre qu'elle est due a l'activite enzymatique de la ribonuclease, qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec l'adsorption non specifique de cette proteine de base. Les donnees experimentales confirment la theorie selon laquelle l'ARN est un element structurel de la peripherie cellulaire.
Interfacial thickness in bilayers of poly(phenylene oxide) and styrenic copolymers

Estimates for the thickness of the interface between poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and copolymers of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and styrenemaleic anhydride (SMA) based on the theory of Helfand and Tagami are compared to neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. Good agreement is found between the NR measurements and theoretical predictions that make use of a mean field binary interaction model and previously reported binary interaction energies. The techniques outlined in this work may be used to understand relationships between the mechanical properties of multiphase polymer blends and the fundamental thermodynamics of polymer interactions.