cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prenatal inflammatory effects on nigrostriatal development in organotypic cultures.

Abstract Maternal intrauterine infection, and the accompanying inflammation in the fetal brain, represent a significant risk to the developing fetus. Dopamine (DA) neurons have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to inflammation induced by injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to further examine the nature of this vulnerability, we used a combination of in vivo prenatal LPS exposure, and in vitro analysis of nigrostriatal development in organotypic cultures prepared from LPS-exposed rat fetuses. Control co-cultures prepared from unexposed E14 substantia nigra (SN/VTA) and E21 striatum exhibited numerous DA neurons in the nigral piece and robust ingrowth into the striatal piece. When E14 SN/VTA was obtained from fetuses exposed to LPS (0.1 mg/kg) on E10, initial DA cell numbers and striatal innervation in co-cultures were normal, but at longer durations in vitro , a reduction in DA neurons was observed. When striatal tissue from fetuses exposed to LPS on E14 or E18 was used in combination with non-exposed SN/VTA, DA neurons initially exhibited a normal pattern of ingrowth into LPS-exposed striatum. However, with longer durations in vitro , DA neurons were lost more rapidly when co-cultured with LPS-exposed striatum. Despite the loss of DA neurons, striatal DA innervation was only reduced in cultures prepared with striatum exposed to LPS at E18, at the longest time period examined. Experiments in which unexposed SN/VTA was given the choice to grow toward control striatum or toward LPS-exposed striatum supported the idea that the tropic qualities of the striatum were not altered by LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, the inflammation induced by LPS not only affects the SN/VTA DA neurons, but also alters the neurotrophic – although not the neurotropic – characteristics of the striatum. Such alterations in nigrostriatal development may demonstrate how adverse perinatal events predispose the developing brain toward the later development of Parkinson's disease.
Forecasting market potential and market penetration of residential water heater load control programs

This paper presents a model which estimates market potential and forecasts market penetration for one demand-side management (DSM) programwater heater load controlin the service territory of Virginia Power Corporation, a large electric utility in the south-eastern United States. Water heater load control is a voluntary program where customers are paid a monthly incentive to allow the utility to shut off power to their electric water heaters during periods of peak demand. Reducing the level of peak demand through DSM programs is one way for utilities to avoid building new power plants. The current total energy (or demand) impact due to a load control program is the sum of the changes in energy (or demand) for all program participants. The projected energy and demand impact due to a load control program is the average change per participant multiplied by the number of participants or adopters of the program. While it is reasonably straightforward to measure the energy savings resulting from shutting off power to a water heater, the more difficult task for planning purposes is forecasting the number of customers who will actually join the program (i.e. the market penetration) for a given incentive. The customer decision process is divided into three stages: eligibility, awareness, and adoption. The responsiveness of market penetration to changes in advertising and incentive amounts is demonstrated. In addition, the impact of changing advertising and incentive amounts on the percentage of aware customers who adopt the program and on that of eligible customers who become aware of the program is estimated. This model can be used by utility planners and managers to forecast the market penetration of both new and existing load control programs. In addition, it can be employed to estimate the impact of various promotion and marketing schemes on both market potential and market penetration.
Integrated brain circuits: astrocytic networks modulate neuronal activity and behavior.

The past decade has seen an explosion of research on roles of neuron-astrocyte interactions in the control of brain function. We highlight recent studies performed on the tripartite synapse, the structure consisting of pre- and postsynaptic elements of the synapse and an associated astrocytic process. Astrocytes respond to neuronal activity and neurotransmitters, through the activation of metabotropic receptors, and can release the gliotransmitters ATP, d-serine, and glutamate, which act on neurons. Astrocyte-derived ATP modulates synaptic transmission, either directly or through its metabolic product adenosine. d-serine modulates NMDA receptor function, whereas glia-derived glutamate can play important roles in relapse following withdrawal from drugs of abuse. Cell type–specific molecular genetics has allowed a new level of examination of the function of astrocytes in brain function and has revealed an important role of these glial cells that is mediated by adenosine accumulation in the control of sleep ...
Use of Monochlorobimane to Determine the In Vivo Effect of Cadmium, Copper and Lead on Glutathione Status in Mercenaria mercenaria Brown Cells

This study was undertaken to demonstrate the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in Mercenaria mercenaria brown cells to test the hypothesis that failure to achieve 100% mortality with metal treatment is the result of high concentrations of GSH heterogeneously distributed in the brown cell population and to determine the effect of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ on the GSH status in brown cells. The monochlorobimane (MCB) assay appeared to be selective for GSH in brown cells and a close relationship between the levels of GSH measured by MCB and a standard enzymatic method was found. The fluorescent GSH-bimane adduct, once formed within the cell, was not released from the cell. The technique was used to establish that GSH was synthesized in brown cells and was heterogeneously distributed in the brown cell population. Metal concentrations as high as 40 mM cadmium, 6.0 μM copper, or 20 mM lead did not deplete but caused decreases in brown cell GSH concentration that differed significantly (P < 0.05) from controls. The decrease caused by cadmium, copper, and lead was not in a dose dependent manner, whereas, the decrease caused by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was. It appears that the partial kill phenomenon associated with metal toxicity may be due to the heterogeneous distribution of GSH in the brown cell population.
Sex cord-stromal tumours of the ovary: a review highlighting recent advances

Abstract Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours are uncommon tumours and as a group comprise only approximately 8% of ovarian neoplasms, at least half of which are accounted for by the relatively commonly encountered benign fibroma. However, even less commonly encountered tumours, such as those in the granulosa and Sertoli-Leydig groups, enter into the differential of a great range of generally more common tumours. Accordingly, some reasonable awareness of the features of these uncommon tumours is crucial in overall ovarian tumour diagnosis. Although these tumours may be functioning, tumours that may mimic them may also be functioning and may present a misleading clinical background to the pathologist. This review discusses the morphology of these tumours, highlighting their characteristic and some less known morphological features, updates the reader on some newly described features such as the occurrence of pseudopapillae in some granulosa cell tumours and endometrioid-like tubules in occasional Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, and draws attention to a newly described entity, the microcystic stromal tumour. Other issues considered in the recent literature, such as re-exploration of the topic of cellularity and mitotic activity in fibroblastic neoplasms, are also considered. Although touched upon briefly, immunohistochemistry is not considered in detail as it is reviewed elsewhere in this mini-symposium.
An asymptotic analysis of end effects in the axisymmetric deformation of elastic tubes weak in shear: Higher-order shell theories are inadequate and unnecessary☆

Abstract This paper specializes to a semi-infinite tube Morgan's (Int. J. Solids Structures10, 837–852, 1974) two-stress-function formulation of the equations for the axisymmetric deformation of a linearly elastic transversely isotropic cylindrical body free of surface tractions. The ratio of the tube's shear modulus to its radial (transverse) extensional modulus is taken to be of the order of magnitude of the square root of its thickness to its mean radius. The equations are solved by formal asymptotic expansion in (fractional) powers of the thickness to radius ratio for four canonical sets of end conditions: (A) axisymmctric equilibrated tractions : (B) and (C). two different combinations of tractions and displacements: and (D) axisymmctric radial and axial displacements. The solutions exhibit interior (i.e. shell-like) parts and wide and narrow boundary (or edge) layers, the latter containing components that vary extremely rapidly through the thickness of the tube. The analysis focuses on computing the lowest-order correction, both in the interior and in the boundary layers, to classical shell theory. It is shown that in cases (A)- (C) the interior correction to classical shell theory—that is, those effects so-called higher-order shell theories attempt to capture—can (ultimately) be determined directly, in terms of the edge data, but that in case of prescribed displacements (D), the computation of (three-dimensional) boundary-layer effects is essential. These conclusions are consistent with those for elastically isotropic shells found by Gregory and Wan (1992) who used ingenious arguments based on the Betti Reciprocity Principle.
The Evaluation of Dysphagia after Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report

The anterior approach to cervical spine surgery is associated with many possible complications. Dysphagia has commonly been reported as one of these complications. A closer examination of the reports of dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery, however, reveals that while new onset transient dysphagia is often mentioned, long-term (greater than 48 hours) dysphagia has not been well described. In this article, we report the case of a 29-year-old female with long-term recurrent dysphagia following cervical spine surgery using the anterior approach. The important point about this case is that our patient’s symptoms suddenly recurred for the first time after nearly a two-month period of normal swallowing. Consequently, this patient has required multiple dilations. As a result, despite an initial lack of swallowing dysfunction or the return of normal swallowing, clinicians should be aware of the importance of reassessing swallowing in patients who have undergone cervical spine surgery using the anterior approach.
Gas turbine flowmeter measurement of pulsating flow

A theoretical analysis of a gas-turbine flowmeter in the measurement of pulsating flow, including both fluid drag and nonfluid drag on the rotor system and dealing with pulsating flow of arbitrary wave shape, appears to be validated by a wide range of test results except for a large pulsation index where the situation is more complex and needs further investigation. The meter pulsation error of a gas-turbine flowmeter may be estimated with reasonable accuracy for a known pulsating-flow situation using steady-state values of fluid drag and nonfluid drag. Test results indicate a gas-turbine flowmeter retains its excellent steady-state repeatability in pulsating flow, which is a necessary condition for possible measurement of pulsating flow. The results of the analysis provide basic information for the increased understanding of turbine flowmeter behavior.
Molecular pathways in the transformation of model discoidal lipoprotein complexes induced by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

Incubation (24 h, 37°C) of discoidal complexes of phosphatidylcholine and apolipoprotein A-I (molar ratio 95 ± 10 egg yolk phosphatidylcholine-apolipoprotein A-I; 10.5 × 4.0 nm, long × short dimension; designated, class 3 complexes) with the ultracentrifugal d > 1.21 g/ml fraction transformed the discoidal complexes to a small product with apparent mean hydrated and nonhydrated diameter of 7.8 and 6.6 nm, respectively. Formation of the small product was associated with marked reduction in phosphatidylcholine-apolipoprotein AI molar ratio of the complexes (on average from 95:1 to 45:1). Phospholipase A2 activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase participated in the depletion process, as evidenced by production of unesterified fatty acids. In the presence of the d > 1.21 g/ml fraction or partially purified lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and a source of unesterified cholesterol, the small product could be transformed to a core-containing (cholesteryl ester) round product with a hydrated and nonhydrated diameter of 8.6 and 7.5 nm, respectively. By means of cross-linking with dimethylsuberimidate, the protein moiety of the small product was shown to contain primarily two apolipoprotein A-I molecules per particle, while the large product contained three apolipoprotein A-I molecules per particle. The increase in number of apolipoprotein A-I molecules per particle during transformation of the small to the large product appeared to result from fusion of the small particles during core build-up and release of excess apolipoprotein A-I from the fusion product. The results obtained with the model complexes were consistent for the most part with recent observations (Chen C., Applegate K., King W.C, Glomset J.A., Norum K.R. and Gjone E. (1984) J. Lipid Res. 25, 269–282) on the transformation, by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, of the small spherical high-density lipoproteins of patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency.
Molecular assembly of proteins and conjugated polymers: Toward development of biosensors

A molecular assembly in which a conjugated polymer is interfaced with a photodynamic protein is described. The conjugated polymer, functionalized with biotion, is designed such that it can be physisorbed on or chemically grown off a glass surface. The streptavidin-derivatized protein is immobilized on the biotinylated polymer matrix through the strong biotin-streptavidin interactions. The assembly, built on the surface of an optical fiber or on the inside walls of a glass capillary, forms an integral part of a biosensor for the detection of environmental pollutants such as organophosphorus-based insecticides. The Protein in the system can be replaced by any biological macromolecule of interest. We study one specific case, the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme catalyzes a reaction producing an intermediate compound that chemiluminesces, and the chemiluminescence singnal is monitored to detect and quantify insecticides such as paraoxon and methyl parathion. Preliminary results indicate ppb level detection with response time less than 1 minute. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Performance of the CDF level 3 trigger

Abstract During the the data taking run ending June 1, 1989, the CDF experiment took data at the Fermilab Tevatron ovbar|p−p collider using a four-level trigger filtering scheme. The fourth level, level 3, used ACP(Fermilab's Advanced Computer Program)-designed VME processors [1] executing algorithms written in Fortran. At the end of the run, level 3, was rejecting 70% of the events.
Bacteriological Studies on Experimental Dental Caries in the Rat II. Changes in Tooth Surface Flora Associated with Development and Inhibition, of Dental Caries

general the same groups of microorganisms that are found in the normal, non-carious oral flora. These findings indicate that if the cause of caries is bacterial it lies in increased incidence or increased activity of organisms already present, in species or varieties not easily distinguished from closely related forms commonly present in the normal flora or in forms not readily isolated by the laboratory methods ordinarily used. There have been many studies2,3 showing that lactobacilli, though often found in human mouths showing no evidence of caries activity, are increased markedly in numbers in active dental caries. This is presumably true also of certain streptococci.4-6 The results of several investigators7-9 have shown that the oral micro-organisms commonly believed to be associated with human caries are also found in the oral flora of the rat. The present series of studies was undertaken to try to determine, first, whether there are any significant changes in the oral flora which can be shown to be associated with the development of dental caries and, second, if the production of caries in rats could be prevented by chemical means, whether there would be at the same time inhibition of any of the flora of the carious mouth. In the preceding paper9 the various micro-organisms in the normal oral flora were considered
Microflora and Acid Development of Rations Ensiled with Varied Percents of Bovine Manure and Moisture

A basal ration and the same ration blended with 20, 40, and 60% wet bovine manure were adjusted to varied moisture content, ensiled in plastic bags, and analyzed at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days for selected microbial groups and acid development. Increasing moisture to 28% or more improved fermentation, and maximum acid production was at about 40% moisture. Fermentation of the rations was improved more by increased manure and moisture than by moisture alone. Rations ensiled 10 days with 28 to 51.8% moisture had pH's of 4.2 to 4.6. Coliform organisms, yeast, and mold numbers declined more rapidly in rations containing manure than in the basal ration adjusted to comparable moisture. Fermentation of rations with 28% or more moisture eliminated coliforms from the wastelage rations within 3 days and within 7 days from the basal ration. Numbers of sporeforming bacteria were relatively unaffected during fermentation irrespective of moisture or manure content of rations.
Case assignment in the Inalienable Possession Construction in Korean

In the Inalienable Possession Construction in Korean, the whole (possessor) and part (possessed) NPs typically agree in case. In this article, we argue that the apparent case-agreement is epiphenomenal. Investigation of verbs of various types that exhibit alternative case patterns reveals that the part-NP bears all and only the cases assigned by V to the relevant argument, whereas the whole-NP may bear either the case(s) assigned by V or nominative assigned by Infl, depending on its surface position. Thus the observed case-marking cannot be a consequence of case-agreement per se, but rather reflects direct case assignment by V and Infl independently to both part- and whole NPs. We call this the Direct Case Hypothesis. We further show that predication in small clause constructions is not marked by case-agreement in Korean, and suggest that case-agreement in this language is in fact limited to so-called Quantifier-floating. Finally, the evidence from case-marking is shown to shed light on the distinction between lexical versus syntactic passives.
Thermal chemistry of diiodomethane on Ni(1 1 0) surfaces I. Clean and hydrogen-covered

The thermal chemistry of diiodomethane on Ni(1 1 0) single-crystal surfaces was studied by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Diiodomethane was chosen as a precursor for the formation of methylene surface species. I 3d and C 1s XPS data indicated that, indeed, adsorbed diiodomethane undergoes the C–I bond dissociations needed for that transformation, and detection of iodomethane production in TPD experiments pointed to the stepwise nature of those reactions. Significant amounts of methane are produced from further thermal activation of the chemisorbed methylene groups. This involves surface hydrogen, both coadsorbed from background gases and produced by dehydrogenation of some of the adsorbed diiodomethane, and can be induced at temperatures as low as about 160 K, right after the C–I bond breaking steps. Unique to this system is the detection of significant amounts, up to 10% of the total CH2I2 adsorbed, of heavier hydrocarbons, including ethene, ethane, propene, propane, and butene. Deuterium labeling experiments were used to provide support for a mechanism where the initial hydrogenation of some adsorbed methylene to methyl moieties is followed by a rate-limiting methylene insertion step to yield ethyl intermediates. Facile subsequent b-hydride elimination and reductive elimination with coadsorbed hydrogen account for the formation of ethene and ethane, respectively, while a second and third methylene insertions lead to C3 and C4 production. Based on the final product distribution, the methylene insertion was estimated to be approximately 20 times slower than the following hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions. Normal kinetic isotope effects were observed for most of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions involved. � 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Grade 3 to 4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Bayley Scores Predict Outcome

To the Editor.— We applaud the recent article by Hack et al,1 who make 2 very important points that cannot be overemphasized. The first point, that the Bayley scales are a poor predictor of eventual cognitive outcome, has been known to evaluators of normal populations. Thus, overly pessimistic predictions can arise when early cognitive performance is used as the sole marker of outcome. In contrast, the second point, that low Bayley scores combined with severe abnormalities on cranial ultrasound are reliable early markers of poor cognitive outcome, is demonstrated by the data from Hack et al. Severe abnormalities were defined as grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), ventriculomegaly (VM), or periventricular leukomalacia …
Vibration of circular membrane backed by cylindrical cavity

Abstract The natural vibration of a circular membrane backed by a cylindrical air cavity is investigated using the multimodal approach. The cavity-backed membrane is modeled as a dynamical system composed of two subsystems, and their modal receptance or “inverse receptance” characteristics are used to study the system vibration. The natural frequencies of the system are determined for four typical cases and the results show that the resulting modes can be categorized into three groups depending on the strength of the sybsystem interaction.
Routine activities and the spatial‐temporal variation of calls for police service: the experience of opposites on the quality of life spectrum

People call the police and want them to handle a variety of matters besides criminal ones. The city is divided into various communities with different functions and routine activity patterns. This paper examines how calls for police service vary with routine activities and time between two residential areas that are opposites on the quality of life spectrum. The study site is Charlotte, North Carolina, and the data are the calls for service received by the police department during 1986.
Weyl phases in point-group symmetric superconductors

We study superconductivity in a Weyl semimetal with broken time-reversal symmetry and stabilized by a point-group symmetry. The resulting superconducting phase is characterized by topologically protected bulk nodes and surface states with Fermi arcs. The topological invariant governing the system is calculated using changes in eigenvalues of the point-group operator along high-symmetry momentum lines. We show that this invariant is determined by the Fermi surface topology of the Weyl semimetal. We discuss the effect of surface orientation and ${C}_{4}$-breaking strain as possible experimental consequences.
Reactions of small molecules with transition metal cluster hydrides. The reaction of H2Os3(CO)10 with aryl-isocyanates and -isothiocyanates

Abstract The transition metal cluster hydride complex H 2 Os 3 (CO) 10 reacts with aryl isocyanates and isothiocyanates to yield products containing N-aryl-formamido and -thioformamido ligands. The compound (μ-p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 NC(H)O) (μ-H)Os 3 (CO) 10 has been analyzed by x-ray crystallographic methods and is shown to contain a formamido ligand bridging the edge of the triosmium cluster.
CT coronary angiography: 256-slice and 320-detector row scanners.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has rapidly evolved from 4-detector row systems in 1998 to 256-slice and 320-detector row CT systems. With smaller detector element size and faster gantry rotation speed, spatial and temporal resolution of the 64-detector MDCT scanners have made coronary artery imaging a reliable clinical test. Wide-area coverage MDCT, such as the 256-slice and 320-detector row MDCT scanners, has enabled volumetric imaging of the entire heart free of stair-step artifacts at a single time point within one cardiac cycle. It is hoped that these improvements will be realized with greater diagnostic accuracy of CT coronary angiography. Such scanners hold promise in performing a rapid high quality “triple rule-out” test without high contrast load, improved myocardial perfusion imaging, and even four-dimensional CT subtraction angiography. These emerging technical advances and novel applications will continue to change the way we study coronary artery disease beyond detecting luminal stenosis.
Laboratory studies of stick-slip and their application to earthquakes

Abstract Stick-slip on pre-existing faults has been suggested as one source of crustal earthquakes. Current laboratory studies of stick-slip are reviewed to note factors which determine whether sliding is stable or unstable in laboratory samples, point out ways in which the laboratory experiment may not model the situation in the earth, and emphasize areas in which further laboratory study is needed. The most important factors which determine whether sliding will be unstable (stick-slip and earthquake-producing) or stable (stable sliding or fault creep) include mineralogy, porosity, effective confining pressure, temperature and thickness of fault gouge. In general, stable sliding is enhanced by high temperature, low effective pressure, high porosity, thick gouge, and the presence of even small quantities of minerals like serpentine and calcite. It is still not clear just how well the laboratory experiment models a seismic region in the earth. This is in part because both the detailed geometry of natural seismic faults and factors like gouge thickness are not well-known. Also, it has not yet been possible in the laboratory to study the characteristics of a fault in which slip is limited to part of the surface, as is the case in a typical seismic area. The laboratory experiment also does not correctly model the real situation in which normal stress, temperature, and effective pressure may vary along the fault surface. In addition to design of experiments in which the above features are included, work should be done both on the theory of stick-slip and on a better understanding of the physical characteristics of rocks responsible for observed differences in sliding behavior.
Dissolutive wetting in the Bi–Sn system

Abstract The isothermal dissolutive wetting behavior of various Bi–Sn alloys on pure Bi substrates was studied at 250 °C using the sessile drop technique. Wetted radius and apparent dynamic contact angle were recorded as a function of time. Sequential quenching and metallographic cross-sectioning were employed to investigate the temporal evolution of the S/L interface and the complete configuration of the contact line region. The macroscopic total contact angle was found to be close to 90° during spreading for the majority of Bi–Sn alloys investigated. The contact line mobility relationship, based on apparent dynamic contact angle, showed certain similarities to a universal correlation for partially wetting inert systems. Additional discussions of grain boundary effects and mass transport are presented.
Love to Teach, but Hate Assessment?

The authors provide context for the three articles in the special section of this issue of Teaching Sociology on the topic of assessment. They provide a brief discussion of assessment in higher education today, supported by research conducted by the American Sociological Association from a survey of department chairs. These data indicate that most sociology departments are in fact conducting some form of assessment, although faculty members often are critical of these activities. The authors argue that sociologists are well situated to play a major role in carrying out assessment plans by virtue of their disciplinary training and skills in analyzing data. Further, the authors appeal to readers of Teaching Sociology that assessment and the scholarship of teaching and learning are inextricably linked and that it requires only a small step from conducting research on the scholarship of teaching and learning to doing assessment.
Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics in Purple­ and Red-Fleshed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

Purple- and red-fleshed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were evaluated for their total anthocyanin (ACY), total phenolic (PHEN), and antioxidant capacity. The ACY and PHEN compounds were distributed throughout the tubers; however, a higher concentration was found at the stem-end than the bud-end. Although ACY and PHEN concentrations in potato peel were 0.9-to 1.6-fold higher than in potato flesh, overall contribution of the peel to ACY and PHEN contents of a potato slice was ∼20%. These observations differ from the widespread idea that phytonutrients are mostly accumulated in the peel of tubers. The ACY and PHEN contents of different purple- and red-fleshed potato genotypes ranged from 11 to 174 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g fresh weight and from 76 to 181 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g fresh weight, respectively, and were genotype and location dependent. High positive correlations between antioxidant capacity and ACY and PHEN suggest that these compounds are mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity. These results provide useful and important information for potato breeders and researchers in order to increase the antioxidant capacity and functional value of purple- and red-fleshed potatoes for the food and nutraceutical industries.
Abstract 5141: Inhibition of HDAC1 leads to subtype switching in the SW13 adrenal adenocarcinoma line

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA HDAC (histone deacetylase) enzymes are highly expressed in cancer cells and HDAC inhibitors have shown promise in clinical trials for certain patients in multiple types of cancer. In this context, the ability of the SW13 human adrenal adenocarcinoma line to switch between two well-established subtypes in response to HDAC inhibition is of interest. However, the previously characterized inhibitor (trichostatin A) is a toxic, broad-spectrum inhibitor affecting both class I and class II HDACs which have roles in the nucleus and cytosol, respectively. Multiple HDAC inhibitors are screened for their ability induce switching between the SW13 subtypes to identify which HDAC enzyme is necessary for controlling SW13 subtype switching. Results suggest that inhibition of class I HDAC1 increases the rate of conversion between SW13- to SW13+ cells. The effect of HDAC1 inhibition may be enhanced by HDAC3 inhibition as MS-275, an inhibitor specific for HDAC1 but with some specificity for HDAC3, is most effective, particularly when compared to the efficacy of depudecin, an HDAC1 specific inhibitor. After conversion to SW13+, there is increased acetylation on histone H3 but not histone H4 when compared to levels in SW13-, suggesting that the role of acetylation on the H3 tail plays an essential role in the subtype switch. SW13- cells do not express Brg1 or Brm, the mutually exclusive ATPase subunits of the SWI/SNF complex, and do not have an active SWI/SNF complex. Altered activity of this complex and the increased histone H3 acetylation may contribute to the extensive changes in gene expression observed between SW13+ and SW13- subtypes. Citation Format: Jessica M. Lam, Juliane Daggett, Kathryn J. Leyva, Elizabeth E. Hull. Inhibition of HDAC1 leads to subtype switching in the SW13 adrenal adenocarcinoma line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5141. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5141
Recipient risk factors associated with delayed graft function: a paired kidney analysis.

Background. Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication of deceased donor kidney transplantation that occurs because of a complex interplay between donor organ quality and the biologic milieu of the recipient. The purpose of the study is to better understand the recipient risk factors leading to DGF. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study using United Network for Organ sharing data and identified pairs of primary, adult kidney-only transplants that were procured from the same adult donor with discordant occurrence of DGF (i.e., one kidney of the pair had DGF). Results. A total of 5382 recipient pairs were analyzed. Recipients with DGF were more likely to be male (67% vs. 59%, P 10%: 1.17, confidence interval 1.05―1.29, P<0.01; and odds ratio for <83 transplants/year: 1.29, confidence interval 1.17―1.44, P<0.01). Conclusions. After fully matching for donor factors, many recipient characteristics were noted to be associated with DGF. Better management of modifiable recipient and transplant risk factors such as obesity, wait time, and cold time may help to reduce the occurrence of DGF.
A single-bonded cationic terminal borylene complex.

The cationic terminal borylene complex [(η5-C5H5)(CO)2FeB(η5-C5Me5)][AlCl4] has been isolated from the reaction of [(η5-C5H5)(CO)2FeB(Cl)(η1-C5Me5)] with AlCl3 and on the basis of X-ray crystallographic data, spectroscopic data and a DFT calculation it is concluded that the B→Fe bond order is one.
Recursive image estimation: A multiple model approach

A two-dimensional recursive algorithm based upon the use of multiple models is described for the problem of nonstationary image processing. Of importance is the doubly stochastic representation resulting from the modelling of the transition of the apriori probabilities.
Trace chemical vapors in illicit cocaine production and shipping

Useful detection of illegal cocaine shipments requires a means of performing rapid, on-site chemical analysis in a relatively non-intrusive manner. The sampling and analysis of the vapors emanating from the cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride may offer an attractive approach to detection. An immediate problem which makes this approach difficult is the very low vapor pressure of cocaine. The low vapor pressure of cocaine limits the available quantity for detection. There is the potential, however, for chemicals with higher vapor pressures to be present from the cocaine. If the presence of such chemicals is demonstrated to have a high correlation with the presence of cocaine and/or cocaine hydrochloride, their detection would offer a valuable tool for the detection of cocaine shipments. The chemicals that would have a high correlation with the presence of cocaine can be introduced from several sources, including the coca leaves from which naturally occurring alkaloids are extracted, cocaine purification processes, and cocaine degradation. Each of these sources has been examined in an effort to identify key compounds for cocaine detection. The purpose of this paper is to describe these efforts, and to summarize a program which is currently underway to accomplish the identification ofchemicals which may be useful for cocaine detection using headspace analyses.
Inhibition of Growth and Shedding of Antlers by Sex Hormones

“IF stags be mutilated,” wrote Aristotle1, “when, by reason of their age, they have as yet no horns, they never grow horns at all; if they be mutilated when they have horns, the horns remain unchanged in size, and the animal does not lose them.” What Aristotle already knew, other biologists confirmed centuries later2, and today we know that if an adult deer is castrated in the autumn or winter after the velvet has been shed, its bony antlers are lost within several weeks and replaced by new ones that are retained permanently in velvet. Such “castrate antlers” will continue to undergo annual increments of growth, and may eventually develop into very grotesque headpieces, or “perukes”. Only by administering testosterone or oestrogen can the velvet be induced to peel off and the antlers shed3.
Modeling and simplification for dynamic systems with testing procedures and metric decomposition

The author discusses a general simplification method for arbitrary dynamic systems which follow the Euler-Lagrange equation. The discussion includes some directions to systems modeling and simplification, system metric testing procedures, metric decomposition approaches, and their geometrical and physical interpretations. Since the study is mathematically based on several concepts from classical differential geometry, such as Riemannian metric space, covariant derivative, differential connection, geodesic equation, the Riemann curvature tensor, and geodesic deviation and stability, a brief overview of these fundamental definitions and properties is given. A metric testing problem and a metric decomposition procedure are considered. The geodesic deviation as well as computer iterations to assess Euclidean metrics for given dynamic systems are outlined. The physical and geometrical interpretation of the metric decomposition is described. >
The Emergence of Another Tickborne Infection in the 12-Town Area around Lyme, Connecticut: Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is an emerging tickborne infection, increasingly recognized in areas in which Lyme disease is endemic, but there are few data on the incidence of HGE. Prospective population-based surveillance was conducted in the 12-town area around Lyme, Connecticut, by means of both active and passive methods, from April through November of 1997, 1998, and 1999. Five hundred thirty-seven residents presenting to their primary care provider with an acute febrile illness suggestive of HGE were identified. Of these, 137 (26%) had laboratory evidence (by indirect fluorescent antibody staining or polymerase chain reaction) of HGE; 89 were confirmed cases, and 48 were probable cases. The incidence of confirmed HGE was 31 cases/100,000 in 1997, 51 cases/100,000 in 1998, and 24 cases/100,000 in 1999. A subset of sera was tested by use of immunoblot assays, and results were in agreement with indirect fluorescent antibody methods for 86% of samples analyzed. Thus, HGE is an important cause of morbidity and is now the second most common tickborne infection in southeastern Connecticut.
Pregnancy and Glaucoma

Glaucoma, primarily a disease of the older population, may affect women of childbearing age. Pregnancy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP) of women with pre-existing glaucoma. Both elevations and reductions of IOP have been reported during pregnancy. Additionally, visual field test results may fluctuate during pregnancy. In managing the pregnant glaucoma patient with medical therapy, one must consider not only the systemic side effects on the mother, but also any potentially harmful effects on the developing fetus. All anti-glaucoma medications are categorized as class C by the Food and Drug Administration, except brimonidine and nonspecific adrenergic agonists, which belong to class B. In general, the lowest effective dosage of medication should be used. Systemic absorption can be reduced by punctal occlusion, eyelid closure, and blotting the excess drops away during administration. In those patients who need surgery, most local anesthetics may be used safely because they have not been shown to be teratogenic in humans. Antifibrotic agents commonly used adjunctively in trabeculectomy, however, should be avoided. Glaucoma laser procedures, such as laser peripheral iridotomy and laser trabeculoplasty, have been employed without identifiable teratogenic effects or increased risk of side effects for pregnant women.
Direct Mitogenic Effect of Estrogen on the Prepuberal Rat Uterus: Studies on Isolated Nuclei

Isolated uterine nuclei incorporate [3H]deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate into acid-precipitable material for 60 min. The rate and extent of incorporation is markedly enhanced by prior treatment of rats with estradiol-17β. This stimulation is dose dependent and follows a time course which parallels that which is observed in intact uteri. The maximum response occurs 24 h after an injection of estradiol-17β when the DNA synthesis rate has shown an 8.5 ± 0.9-fold average stimulation over 34 experiments. When a small dose of estradiol-17β was injected directly into one uterine horn, DNA synthesis was stimulated in nuclei isolated from that horn but not in nuclei from the vehicle-injected contralateral horn. This suggests that the mitogenic effect of estrogen is direct and not mediated by systemic factors. As shown by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and inhibition studies with N-ethylmaleimide and 2′:3′-dioxythymidine-5′-triphosphate, the uterine nuclei contain both DNA polymerases α and β; however, β-...
Exploring Cultural Differences in Language Usage: The Case of Negation

Prior research suggests that speakers of Asian languages are more likely to use negation than English speakers. Our goal in this work is to explore this theory using empirical data from news stories. Specifically, we used natural language processing to compare negation usage in two newspapers: the New York Times and Xinhua News (English Edition). Overall, negation represents 0.55% of typed dependencies in the New York Times (versus 0.18% in Xinhua News). Additionally, 9.28% of sentences and 86.56% of articles in the New York Times contain one or more instances of negation (compared to 3.33% of sentences and 24.94% of articles in Xinhua News). In contrast to the prevalent theory, negation is approximately three times more common in the New York Times than in Xinhua News (English Edition).
The Yeast Endosomal Na+(K+)/H+ Exchanger Nhx1 Regulates Cellular pH to Control Vesicle Trafficking

The relationship between endosomal pH and function is well documented in viral entry, endosomal maturation, receptor recycling, and vesicle targeting within the endocytic pathway. However, specific...
Intergenomic epistasis and coevolutionary constraint in plants and rhizobia

Studying how the fitness benefits of mutualism differ among a wide range of partner genotypes, and at multiple spatial scales, can shed light on the processes that maintain mutualism and structure coevolutionary interactions. Using legumes and rhizobia from three natural populations, I studied the symbiotic fitness benefits for both partners in 108 plant maternal family by rhizobium strain combinations. Genotype-by-genotype (G x G) interactions among local genotypes and among partner populations determined, in part, the benefits of mutualism for both partners; for example, the fitness effects of particular rhizobium strains ranged from uncooperative to mutualistic depending on the plant family. Correlations between plant and rhizobium fitness benefits suggest a trade off, and therefore a potential conflict, between the interests of the two partners. These results suggest that legume-rhizobium mutualisms are dynamic at multiple spatial scales, and that strictly additive models of mutualism benefits may ignore dynamics potentially important to both the maintenance of genetic variation and the generation of geographic patterns in coevolutionary interactions.
80-GHz Tuned Amplifier in Bulk CMOS

An 80-GHz six-stage common source tuned amplifier has been demonstrated using low leakage (higher VT) NMOS transistors of a 65-nm digital CMOS process with six metal levels. It achieves power gain of 12 dB at 80 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 6 GHz, noise figures (NF's) lower than 10.5 dB at frequencies between 75 and 81 GHz with the lowest NF of 9 dB. IP1 dB is -21 dBm and IIP3 is -11.5 dBm. The amplifier consumes 27 mA from a 1.2 V supply. At VDD = 1.5 V and 33 mA bias current, NF is less than 9.5 dB within the 3-dB bandwidth and reaches a minimum of 8 dB at 80 GHz.
Just ask! Why surveyed women did not pursue IT courses or careers

Persistent gender differences in the choice of college majors in technical fields account for a substantial share of the gender wage gap among college graduates. While there are many theories about what college students are thinking when they make their college major and career choices, most are based on speculation or indirect evidence. This survey turned up several points on which students were surprisingly unconcerned. Very few students (and equal proportions of men and women) feared that choosing IT majors would lead to social ostracism. Very few students were concerned that IT college majors would not prepare them to do socially useful work. And very few of the women in this survey ruled out IT careers because they felt it would be difficult to combine these careers with raising a family.
Development and evaluation of portable and wearable fuel cells for soldier use

Abstract A number of fuel cell systems have been recently developed to meet the U.S. Army's soldier power requirements. The operation and performance of these systems are discussed based on laboratory results and limited soldier evaluation. The systems reviewed are primarily intended for soldier use in an austere environment with minimum access to resupply and vehicular transportation. These applications require high power and energy density sources that are portable (300 W) and wearable (20 W) to minimize the soldier's load burden. Based on soldier field evaluations of portable fuel cell systems, improvements in power density and compatibility with logistical fuels are required to be successfully deployed. For soldier worn applications, a novel chemical hydride system has shown significant advances in power and energy density while maintaining a small form factor. The use of a high energy dense fuel cartridge (800 Wh kg−1) based on AlH3 (Alane) thermolysis, allows a power density of (28 W kg−1) which offers promising weight savings compared to the standard military batteries.