cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Response of a Metallic Aortic Stent--Part I: Pressure-Diameter Relationship

The mechanical response of a metallic stent is considered in this series of two papers. In Part I, the development of a test method for the characterization of the mechanical response of a metallic aortic stent subjected to internal or external pressure, and a model that captures the relationship between the pressure and diameter of the stent based on slender rod theory are described. The axial and radial deformation of a bare-metal stent were measured as the stent was subjected to loading ranging from an external pressure of about 80 mm of Hg to an internal pressure of about 160 mm of Hg. The pressure was applied using a polyethylene bag; the method of applying the pressure and measuring the strains was found to provide an accurate determination of the mechanical behavior of the stent. The stent was shown to exhibit two stiff limiting states corresponding to the fully collapsed and fully expanded diameters and an intermediate range between the two where the stiffness was an order of magnitude smaller than the typical stiffness of an aorta. A complete mathematical characterization of the pressure-diameter response of the wire stent was also developed; this model is a straightforward application of the theory of slender rods to the problem of the stent. Excellent agreement with the experimental measurements is indicated, opening the possibility for modeling of the coupled response of the stent and the vessel into which it is inserted. In Part II, we consider the effect of variations of pressure over the length of the stent that introduce changes in the diameter along the length of the stent which leads naturally to the formulation of the coupled problem of the scent within the blood vessel.
Organic light-emitting diodes containing fluorinated asymmetrical europium cored beta-diketone complexes

Abstract Novel luminescent materials based on europium-cored complexes have been synthesized and incorporated intolight emitting diodes using poly (N-vinyl-carbazole) and poly (vinyl naphthalene) blends as doping hosts. Thecomplexes consists of fluorinated ! -diketone ligands chelated to europium. Excitation of the ligands and efficienttransfer of energy from the excited ligands to the metal core results in the emission of optically pure red light.The ligands were designed such that they include a polycyclic aromatic compound, phenanthrene, and a secondsubstituent to improve processibility. Phenanthrene is used to so that the ligand energy will match with the energy of themetal center. Partially fluorinated substituents were also used to help improve the efficiency and charge transfercapability of the resulting metal complex. The complex consisted of one equivalent of europium and three equivalentsof the ligand. One equivalent of either 1,10-phenanthroline or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline was also chelated toenhance the stability of the complex.Double and triple layer devices were synthesized with the configuration of ITO/BTPD-PFCB/Europiumcomplex in a polymer blend/Ca/Ag for the double layer device and ITO/BTPD-PFCB/Europium complex in a polymerblend/PBD/Ca/Ag for the triple layer device. The double layer devices made with a polymer blend of PVNoutperformed the devices made from PVK as the emission bands of the PVN better match the absorption bands of theligands. A maximum brightness of 178 cd/m
Dissociation of Water on a Flat, Ordered Silica Surface

In this paper, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) results are reported for water adsorption on SiO2/Mo(112) surfaces. It is shown that UPS spectra are insufficient for the determination of the detailed mechanism for water dissociation. By use of UPS in combination with MIES, however, it is shown that multilayer-induced dissociation is responsible for hydroxyl group formation. It is suggested that hydroxyl groups on oxide surfaces can be stabilized by neighboring water molecules (solvation), even when the interaction between the hydroxyl groups and the surface is weak. These results demonstrate that simultaneous UPS and MIES measurements offer a powerful methodology for the investigation of multilayer-induced reactions which have important implications at the liquid−solid interface.
Blood Ionized Calcium Cycles in the Chicken

Changes in blood ionized calcium concentration (Ca++) appear to be dependent on the physiological state of the chicken. In the laying hen, blood Ca++ levels were affected by the ovulatory cycle; Ca++ was elevated when the shell gland was empty, declined following entry of an egg into that organ, and reached a minimum level approximately 16 hr prior to the subsequent oviposition. Pullets not in laying condition had blood Ca++ that varied with the photoperiod and/or rate of feed intake. In those pullets, blood Ca++ levels were depressed during the 9.5 hr of light, then rose in plateaued during the dark period. These studies indicate that blood Ca++ in laying hens is affected by the reproductive state first and the photoperiod and/or pattern of feed intake second.
Gas phase UV absorption spectra for a series of alkyl sulfides

Abstract Absorption cross-sections have been measured for a series of alkyl sulfides between 209.0 and 235.0 nm. Measurements are reported for dimethylsulfide ((CH 3 ) 2 S, h 6 -DMS) and its deuterated isotopomer ((CD 3 ) 2 S, d 6 -DMS), methylethylsulfide (CH 3 SC 2 H 5 , MES), diethylsulfide ((C 2 H 5 ) 2 S, DES), dipropylsulfide ((C 3 H 7 ) 2 S, DPS) and dibutylsulfide ((C 4 H 10 ) 2 S, DBS).
An Ecological Study of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Populations on Cruciferous Crops in Southern California

Ecological studies of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), on cruciferous crops were conducted in southern California during 1963-64. Eggs, larvae, and pupae were collected at random from consecutive plantings for I hour at weekly intervals for I year, and held for completion of delvelopment and/or parasite emergence. Totals of 566 cabbage looper eggs and 2439 imported cabbageworm eggs were collected, of which 93.5% and 92.0% hatched, 5.6% and 7.5% failed to hatch, and 0.9% and 0.4% were parasitized for total egg mortalities of 6.5% and 7.9% respectively. The imported cabbageworm egg population reached a peak of 179 eggs per 1 hour search on July 30 and 72 eggs for the cabbage looper on August 6. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was the only parasite reared from the egg stage. Totals of 1737 larvae and 68 pupae of the cabbage looper, and 960 larvae and 181 pupae of the imported cabbageworm were collected. Six generations of each species occurred during the year, with the imported cabbageworm reaching a peak of 78 larvae per 1 hour search on July 24, and 130 for the cabbage looper on September 26. Twenty-six percent of the cabbage looper larvae were parasitized, of which 90% were by tachinids and 10% by hymenopterous parasites. Pupae were not parasitized. Twenty-three percent of the imported cabbageworm larvae and 51% of the pupae were parasitized for a total of 7470 parasitization. Tachinids accounted for 57% of the total larval and 5%of the pupal parasitization, and hymenopterous parasites 43% and 46%, respectively. Voria ruralis (Fallen) and Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman) were the principal tachinid and hymenopterous parasites, respectively, on cabbage looper larvae, and Madremyia saundersii (Williston) and Apanteles glomeralus (L.) on imported cabbageworm larvae, Pteromalus puparum (L.) was the main pupal parasite of the latter. Altogether, 10 parasites were reared from the cabbage looper and 10 from the imported cabbageworm.
Numbers, types, and compositions of an unbiased collection of cosmic spherules

Abstract : Abstract-Micrometeorites collected from the bottom of the South Pole water well (SPWW) may represent a complete, well-preserved sample of the cosmic dust that accreted on Earth from 1100-1500 A.D. We classified 1588 cosmic spherules in the size range 50-800 pm. The collection has 41% barred olivine spherules, 17% glass spheres, 12% cryptocrystalline spherules, 11% porphyritic olivine spherules, 12% relic-grain- bearing spherules, 3% scoriaceous spherules, 2% I-type spherules, 1 % Ca-Al-Ti-rich (CAT) spherules, and 1% G-type spherules. We also found bubbly glass spherules, spherules with glass caps, and ones with sulfide coatings-particles that are absent from other collections. A classification sequence of the stony spherules (scoriaceous, relic-grain-bearing, porphyritic, barred olivine, cryptocrystalline, glass, and CAT) is consistent with progressive heating and evaporation of Fe from chondritic materials. The modem-day accretion rate and size distribution measured at the SPWW can account for the stony spherules present in deep-sea collection through preferential dissolution of glass and small stony spherules. However, weathering alone cannot account for the high accretion rate of I-type spherules determined for two deep-sea collections. The SPWW collection provides data to constrain models of atmospheric-entry heating and to assess the effects of terrestrial weathering.
Information Content of Equity Analyst Reports

We catalog the complete contents of All-American Analyst reports and examine the market reaction to their release. Including the justifications supporting an analyst's opinion reduces, and in some models eliminates, the significance of earnings forecasts and recommendation revisions. Analysts both provide new information and interpret previously released information. The information in a report is most important for downgrades; target prices and the analyst's justifications are the only significant elements for reiterations. No correlation exists between valuation methodology and either analyst accuracy or the market's reaction to a report. Our adjusted R2s are much larger than those of studies using only summary measures.
Pressure and temperature perturbations within a squall-line thunderstorm derived from SESAME dual-Doppler data

Abstract Some dynamic and thermodynamic properties of a convective cell within a squall line that occurred on 6 June 1979 were studied based on dual-Doppler observations. The domain under investigation had a horizontal dimension of 27 km × 27 km with 12 levels in the vertical. The grid spacing used was 1 km. Vertical velocities were computed from the anelastic continuity equation by integrating downward with variational adjustment. Fields of deviation perturbation pressure, density and virtual temperature were recovered from a three-dimensional wind field using the thermodynamic retrieval method. These retrieved fields were then subjected to internal consistency checks to determine the level of confidence. Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic retrieval is feasible when random errors inherent in the radial wind components are minimized by proper smoothing. Errors in the computation of vertical velocity can be substantially reduced when a variational approach is used with the anelastic continuity equ...
Spectral degeneracy in supersymmetric gluodynamics and one-flavor QCD related to N = 1 / 2 supersymmetry

In supersymmetric gluodynamics (N=1 super-Yang-Mills theory), we show that the spectral functions induced by the nonchiral operator Tr(G{sub {alpha}}{sub {beta}}{lambda}{sup 2}) are fully degenerate in the J{sup PC}=1{sup {+-}}{sup -} channels. The above operator is related to N=1/2 generalization of SUSY. Using the planar equivalence, this translates into the statement of degeneracy between the mesons produced from the vacuum by the operators ({psi}E{yields}{psi}+i{psi}B{yields}{gamma}{sup 5}{psi}) and ({psi}B{yields}{psi}-i{psi}E{yields}{gamma}{sup 5}{psi}) in one-flavor QCD, up to 1/N corrections. Here {psi} is the quark field, and E{yields},B{yields} are chromoelectric/chromomagnetic fields, respectively.
Network Hub Structure and Resilience

This article draws together specific results and facts relevant to a variety of networks (cyber and air) in the context of hubs and with a particular focus on their vulnerability and resilience. The paper highlights the features of networks that are exploitable to either detect or deter intrusions. This paper examines the vulnerability of hub interconnection points. The research points to parts of a network that require strengthened defenses to prevent loss or damage on a broader scale. A key aspect of the review is its emphasis on spatial organization.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF SOOT VOLUME FRACTION BY THE USE OF LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE

A recently developed laser-induced incandescence technique is used to make novel planar measurements of soot volume fraction within turbulent diffusion flames and droplet flames. The two-dimensional imaging technique is developed and assessed by systematic experiments in a coannular laminar diffusion flame, in which the soot characteristics have been well established. With a single point calibration procedure, agreement to within 10% was found between the values of soot volume fraction measured by this technique and those determined by conventional laser scattering-extinction methods in the flame. As a demonstration of the wide range of applicability of the technique, soot volume fraction images are also obtained from both turbulent ethene diffusion flames and from a freely falling droplet flame that burns the mixture of 75% benzene and 25% methanol. For the turbulent diffusion flames, approximately an 80% reduction in soot volume fraction was found when the Reynolds number of the fuel jet increased from 4000 to 8000. In the droplet flame case, the distribution of soot field was found to be similar to that observed in coannular laminar diffusion flames.
A reaction converting a w-w triple bond to a double bond: tetrakis-diethyldithiophosphate-disulfide-ditungsten, preparation and characterization

Abstract The reaction between W2X2(OR)4 compounds [X = CH2CMe3 or OBut] and HS2P(OEt)2 (6 equivalents) in hydrocarbon solvents, produces a molecule of formula W2S2[S2P(OEt)2]4 with corresponding elimination of alkane, alcohol and [(EtO)2PS]2. This tungsten compound has been characterized by IR,1H,13C, and13P NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecule adopts a structure based on an edge-shared bioctahedron, with two bridging sulfides, two chelating dithiophosphate ligands and two dithiophosphate ligands bridging the metal- metal double bond. The W-W distance of 2.5987(11)Aalong with the acute W—S—W angles of 67.74(8)dg, are consistent with the metal metal double bond formulation Σ2 π2 . This structure is similar to the W2S2(S2CNEt2)4 molecule prepared by Cotton et al. (Inorg. Chem. 1978,17, 2946).
The structure of free speech

Summary Four color and 4 animal stimulus words were presented to 14 pairs of Ss who talked with each other for 4 min. about each stimulus word. The conversations were tape recorded and transcribed, and the words in the conversations were categorized according to a system developed by Laffal (1961) . Profiles of response categories were drawn up for each stimulus word across all speakers. A factor analysis of the profiles for the 8 stimulus words and for a random variable showed a basic 4-factor pattern: a color factor, a flying-animal factor, a land-animal factor, and a random variable factor. The first 3 factors were similar to those obtained in a previous analysis of single-word and continuous-word association to the same stimulus words. There was no evidence of a general language factor which had been hypothesized for free speech. It was concluded that the verbal response to a given stimulus falls into similar patterns whether the response is a composite made up of single-word association responses from many Ss, many associative responses from a small number of Ss, or free speech drawn from a small number of Ss. The study also demontrated that subject matter is a more important determinant of content than individual differences in speech.
Failure of intravenously infused spleen cells bearing a minor histoincompatibility to delay rejection of skin grafts bearing additional antigens.

Intravenous infusions of spleen cells bearing single minor H antigens have been shown to induce an antigen-specific prolongation of survival of subsequently applied skin grafts bearing the infused antigen. In this report it is shown that i.v. infusion of spleen cells bearing only H-Y as an alloantigen fails to prolong the survival of subsequently applied skin grafts bearing H-Y and additional H antigens. In contrast, others have shown that the i.v. infusion of alloantigen-bearing cells can inhibit DTH reactions, CTL generation, or organ allograft rejection directed against additional alloantigens, provided they are present in the challenge inoculum or graft together with the i.v.-infused antigens. Several possible reasons for the discrepancy between the results with skin grafts, and the results of others using different assays of responsiveness to H antigens are examined.
Estimating growth in haddock larvae Melanogrammus aeglefinus from RNA:DNA ratios and water temperature

Five biochemically based variables (RNA, DNA, protein content, RNA:DNA [R:D] ratio, protein:DNA [pro:DNA] ratio) were evaluated as potential indirect measures of growth in larval haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae were reared in the laboratory from hatch to 47 d post-hatch under temperature (T)-controlled conditions (6, 8, and 10°C) and, to produce a variety of growth rates, were starved or reared at 1 of 3 prey levels. The nucleic acid content of the larvae was measured with a spectrofluorometric microplate assay, and the protein-specific growth rate (SGR,% d -1 ) was estimated from the difference in mean protein content between consecutive sampling intervals. Larval haddock growth rate was best described by R:D or pro:DNA ratios. The growth models developed were: SGR=4.61R:D+ 1.18T- 17.31 (R 2 = 0.52) and SGR = 0.92 pro:DNA + 1.10T- 24.97 (R 2 = 0.52). These models can be used to estimate recent growth of larval haddock collected from both the laboratory and field. A combined haddock/Atlantic cod Gadus morhua growth model was calculated as: SGR = 4.67R:D + 0.96T- 15.30 (R 2 = 0.45). This model will be used to estimate recent growth of haddock and cod larvae collected during a multi-year field sampling effort on Georges Bank.
Physiological anatomy of the choroidal vascular bed

Physiological anatomy of the choroidal vascular bed, based on the in vivo clinical and experimental fluorescein fundus angiographic studies, is reviewed. These studies have demonstrated that the posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) and their branches right down to the terminal choroidal arterioles, the choriocapillaris, and the vortex veins have a segmental distribution in the choroid.
Personalized medicine in psychiatry: New technologies and approaches

Psychiatric patients tend to exhibit significant interindividual variability in their responses to psychoactive drugs, as well as an irregular clinical course. For these (and other) reasons, increasing numbers of psychiatrists are turning to genotyping for help in selecting the psychopharmacologic agents best suited to an individual patient's distinctive metabolic characteristics and clinical presentation. Fortunately, routine genotyping is already available for gene variations that code for proteins involved in neurotransmission, and for drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in the elimination of many medications. Thus, genotyping-based personalized psychiatry is now in sight. Increasing numbers of clinically useful DNA microarrays are in the development stage, including a simplified procedure for genotyping patients for CYP2D6, which metabolizes a high proportion of the currently prescribed antidepressants and antipsychotics. It has been pointed out that psychiatric disease is rarely a consequence of an abnormality in a single gene, but reflects the perturbations of complex intracellular networks in the brain. Thus, analysis of functional neuronal networks is becoming an essential component of drug development strategies. The integrated use of technologies such as electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in combination with pharmacogenetics, promises to transform our understanding of the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The concept of network medicine envisions a time to come when drugs will be used to target a neural network rather than simply components within the network. Personalized medicine in psychiatry is still at an early stage, but it has a very promising future.
Evaluation of the prediction of alternative measures of pork carcass composition by three optical probes

The accuracy of 3 optical probes (HGP4 Hennessey Grading Probe, Destron-Feering PG-100 probe, and Giraldo OPTO-Electronic PG-200 probe) to predict the carcass percentage of 5 alternative measures of carcass composition (fat-tissue-free lean, lipid-free soft tissue, lipid-free lean, total fat tissue, and soft tissue lipid) was evaluated on 203 barrows and gilts of 7 genetic populations. The optical probe backfat depths were more closely correlated (P < 0.001, 0.963 to 0.983) than the LM depths (r = 0.695 to 0.734). The optical probe backfat depths were related to lean percentage (r = -0.82 to -0.88), total fat tissue percentage (r = 0.84 to 0.88), and soft tissue lipid percentage (r = 0.86 to 0.87). Optical probe LM depths were weakly related (P < 0.05; r = 0.23 to 0.34) to measures of carcass lean percentage and total fat tissue percentage (r = -0.16 to -0.26). Fat-free lean percentage was predicted with residual SD (RSD) of 3.7% for equations including last-rib midline backfat thickness, 2.4 to 2.7% for equations including optical probe backfat and LM depth, and 2.3% for ribbed carcass measurements. The RSD for the optical probe equations ranged from 2.1 to 2.4% for lipid-free soft tissue percentage and from 2.0 to 2.3% for lipid-free lean percentage. The RSD for the optical probe equations ranged from 2.9 to 3.3% for total fat tissue percentage and 2.5 to 2.8% for soft tissue lipid percentage. Quadratic and cross-product variables of optical probe fat depth, LM depth, and carcass weight were significant (P < 0.05) and reduced the RSD of the equations. Optical probe backfat and LM measurements can be used to predict alternative measures of carcass composition. The predicted relationships in fat-free lean percentage to backfat depth were nearly identical for each optical probe.
Inhibition of glucose utilization for acetylcholine synthesis by cerebrospinal fluid.

— Replacement of bicarbonate-Locke incubation medium with feline CSF reduced [14C]ACh formation from [U-14C]glucose by rat brain mince approx 30%. CSF was obtained from a cannula leading to the cisterna magna of freely moving cats. The component of CSF responsible for inhibition was characterized as a dialyzable heat-stable organic anion. Choline acetyltransferase activity was not altered by CSF. [14C]ACh synthesis and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose but not from [2-14C]-pyruvate were inhibited by CSF, suggesting inhibition in the metabolism of glucose to pyruvate. The anionic fraction of human CSF was as potent as that from feline CSF in inhibiting 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose. Brain hexokinase was inhibited by the anionic fraction of feline CSF. The inhibition was non-competitive with respect to glucose and uncompetitive with respect to ATP. It is suggested that inhibition of hexokinase by CSF was responsible at least in part for the inhibition of glucose metabolism which resulted in decreased [14C]ACh synthesis and 14CO2 production.
Structural Transitions from Pyramidal to Fused Planar to Tubular to Core/Shell Compact in Gold Clusters: Aun- (n = 21−25)

We report a joint theoretical and experimental study of low-lying structures and structural transitions of gold cluster anions Aun- in the size range of n = 21−25. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are used to compare with density functional theory calculations and to identify the low-lying structures of the gold cluster anions. Due to the high stability of the tetrahedral Au20, the pyramid-based structures are found to be competitive for n = 21−23. In addition to the pyramid-based structures, global-minimum searches also reveal two other generic structural types of low-lying clusters in the size range of n = 21−24, namely, the fused-planar and the hollow-tubular structures. At n = 24, the pyramid-based structures are no longer competitive and the hollow-tubular structures dominate the low-lying population. At n = 25, a structural transition from hollow-tubular to core/shell compact structure is observed.
Fast nonlinear dimension reduction

A new algorithm for nonlinear dimension reduction is presented. The algorithm builds a piecewise linear model of the data. It provides compression that is superior to the globally linear model produced by principal component analysis. On several examples the piecewise linear model also provides compression that is superior to the global nonlinear model constructed by a five-layer, autoassociative neural network. The new algorithm trains significantly faster than the autoassociative network. >
Somatostatin-receptor imaging in lymphoma.

Patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are staged for treatment based on the extent of known disease, involvement and the histopathologic grading of the disease. Radiological techniques, including computed tomography, usually depend on estimates of lymph node enlargement and mass effects as the criterion for disease involvement. Lymphomatous tissue obtained at surgery has shown high-density somatostatin receptors. Several groups have evaluated the utility of 111 In-DTPA-pentetreotide (Octreoscan, Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) to detect lymphomatous tissue for more accurate staging of patients with lymphoma. The procedure is safe; both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins disease involvement is identified. The results, however, have not been uniformly predictive of disease involvement. Consequently, the routine use of this technique in place of currently used anatomic imaging methods is not recommended at this time. The significance of detecting somatostatin receptors in vivo in patients with malignant lymphoma requires further study.
Canonical Regular Types

Regular types represent sets of structured data, and have been used in logic programming (LP) for verification. However, first-class regular type systems are uncommon in LP languages. In this paper we present a new approach to regular types, based on type canonization, aimed at providing a practical first-class regular type system.
A Frequency Agile Miniaturized Antenna Utilizing Ferroelectric Barium-Strontium-Titanate Capacitors

A miniaturized frequency agile multi-band antenna based on BST varactors is presented. The radiation patterns and frequency responses of this antenna are characterized. The measured tunability was 2.1%, 9.1%, and 6.6% for the first, second, and third band respectively. The lowest resonant frequency corresponds to an antenna size of 0.076λg × 0.076λg. The size reduction of the antenna was achieved by employing the novel antenna structure and the thin film BST varactors. The measured -3 dB bandwidth was between 3.1% and 7.4% for all bands.
Improving nonnative speech understanding using context and N-best meaning fusion

Speech understanding of nonnative language learners' speech is a challenging problem. In this paper, we investigate the use of dialogue context cues to help improve concept error rate (CER) of nonnative speech in a language learning system. Given that the student's task is known, we show that incorporating the game scores to help select the best hypothesis improves the CER. We also introduce a novel N-best fusion method to create a single final hypothesis on the meaning level. The experimental results show that the fusion methods can further improve the CER.
A streamline splitting pore-network approach for computationally inexpensive and accurate simulation of transport in porous media

Several approaches have been developed in the literature for solving flow and transport at the pore scale. Some authors use a direct modeling approach where the fundamental flow and transport equations are solved on the actual pore-space geometry. Such direct modeling, while very accurate, comes at a great computational cost. Network models are computationally more efficient because the pore-space morphology is approximated. Typically, a mixed cell method (MCM) is employed for solving the flow and transport system which assumes pore-level perfect mixing. This assumption is invalid at moderate to high Peclet regimes. In this work, a novel Eulerian perspective on modeling flow and transport at the pore scale is developed. The new streamline splitting method (SSM) allows for circumventing the pore-level perfect-mixing assumption, while maintaining the computational efficiency of pore-network models. SSM was verified with direct simulations and validated against micromodel experiments; excellent matches were obtained across a wide range of pore-structure and fluid-flow parameters. The increase in the computational cost from MCM to SSM is shown to be minimal, while the accuracy of SSM is much higher than that of MCM and comparable to direct modeling approaches. Therefore, SSM can be regarded as an appropriate balance between incorporating detailed physics and controlling computational cost. The truly predictive capability of the model allows for the study of pore-level interactions of fluid flow and transport in different porous materials. In this paper, we apply SSM and MCM to study the effects of pore-level mixing on transverse dispersion in 3-D disordered granular media.
African American Pastors on Mental Health, Coping, and Help Seeking

Within the Black Church, there remains much that is unknown about pastoral motivations, beliefs, and attitudes about mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate pastors' responses to parishioners dealing with mental health issues, including perspectives on counseling services and coping strategies. According to this study's findings, African American pastors often are the first line of support for parishioners' mental health and recognizing adaptive and maladaptive forms of coping.
Landscape‐scale patterns in tree occupancy and abundance in subarctic Alaska

Recent studies suggest that climate warming in interior Alaska may result in major shifts from spruce-dominated forests to broadleaf-dominated forests or even grasslands. To quantify patterns in tree distribution and abundance and to investigate the potential for changes in forest dynamics through time, we initiated a spatially extensive vegetation monitoring program covering 1.28 million ha in Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP). Using a probabilistic sampling design, we collected field measurements throughout the study area to develop spatially explicit Bayesian hierarchical models of tree occupancy and abundance. These models demonstrated a strong partitioning of the landscape among the six tree species in DNPP, and allowed us to account for and examine residual spatial autocorrelation in our data. Tree distributions were governed by two primary ecological gradients: (1) the gradient from low elevation, poorly drained, permafrost-influenced sites with shallow active layers and low soil pH (dominat...
An Auxiliary Differential Equation Formulation for the Complex-Frequency Shifted PML

An efficient auxiliary-differential equation (ADE) form of the complex frequency shifted perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing media derived from a stretched coordinate PML formulation is presented. It is shown that a unit step response of the ADE-CPML equations leads to a discrete form that is identical to Roden's convolutional PML method for FDTD implementations. The derivation of discrete difference operators for the ADE-CPML equations for FDTD is also presented. The ADE-CPML method is also extended in a compact form to a multiple-pole PML formulation. The advantage of the ADE-CPML method is that it provides a more flexible representation that can be extended to higher-order methods. In this paper, it is applied to the discontinuous Galerkin finite element time-domain (DGFETD) method. It is demonstrated that the ADE-CPML maintains the exponential convergence of the DGFETD method.
Wave Breaking in a Class of Nonlocal Dispersive Wave Equations

Abstract The Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation is well known as an approximation model for small amplitude and long waves in di!erent physical contexts, but wave breaking phenomena related to short wavelengths are not captured in. In this work we consider a class of nonlocal dispersive wave equations which also incorporate physics of short wavelength scales. The model is identified by a renormalization of an infinite dispersive di!erential operator, followed by further specifications in terms of conservation laws associated with the underlying equation. Several well-known models are thus rediscovered. Wave breaking criteria are obtained for several models including the Burgers-Poisson system, the Camassa-Holm type equation and an Euler-Poisson system. The wave breaking criteria for these models are shown to depend only on the negativity of the initial velocity slope relative to other global quantities.
Unhealthy weight control behaviors among adolescents

This article examined moderators of the association between BMI and unhealthy weight control behaviors suggested by the Dual Pathway Model among 4,529 adolescents from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. An obese classification was associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors for boys and girls. Low life satisfaction, high negative affect, and body size dissatisfaction were associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors among boys as was low life satisfaction for girls. Among girls, healthy weight classification, coupled with low negative affect or body size satisfaction, was protective against unhealthy weight control behaviors. Improved self-care may decrease obesity and unhealthy weight control behaviors.
Optimizing the design of a multi-mode communication receiver from performance to manufacturing implementation and yield

Recent trends in cellular radio terminals towards smaller handsets and the proliferation of radio standards around the world created many demands on the future of radio terminals, which should offer multi-mode operation, reduced size, cost, power consumption with increased features. This forces the handset manufacturers to place a premium on printed circuit board (PCB) space, the bill of materials (BOM), and handset differentiation. This paper first reviews various receiver architectures suitable for mobile telephones, specifically related to RF signal processing and after that proposes an optimum multi-mode receiver architecture evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of different possible architectures.
Distributed Lumped Loads and Lossy Transmission Line Model for Wideband Spiral Antenna Miniaturization and Characterization

A lossy transmission-line model that incorporates the radiation resistance of small loop antennas is introduced to characterize the input impedance of a spiral antenna over a large frequency range. This model also leads to a concept of controlling the current velocity and impedance on a spiral antenna by introducing distributed reactive loading along the spiral arms. An important application of the concept is to reduce antenna size and this is demonstrated by numerical simulation examples.
Synthesis of 3,5,6‐trichloropyridin‐2‐ol‐2,3,4,5,6‐13C5‐N; a metabolite of O,O‐diethyl‐O‐(3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl)‐phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos)

A stable isotope-labelled analog of 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol has been synthesized. 3,5,6-Trichloropyridin-2-ol-2,3,4,5,6- 13 C 5 - 15 N was synthesized in a copper catalyzed cyclization from trichloroacetyl chloride-1,2- 13 C 2 and acrylonitrile-1,2,3- 13 C 3 - 15 N
Treatment with glycolytic enzyme inhibitors and Biochanin A induces cell death and decreased Akt phosphorylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2772 Recent studies have provided evidence that glycolytic enzymes may be involved in tumorogenesis through a variety of signaling pathways, including transcriptional regulation, stimulation of cell motility, and regulation of apoptosis. However, the mechanistic role of glycolytic enzymes in cell signaling, cell survival, and cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been fully elucidated. We therefore hypothesized selective glycolytic enzyme inhibitors, in combination with Biochanin A, may be useful in anticancer therapy of OSCC. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of two selective glycolytic enzyme inhibitors (namely, 3-bromopyruvate and Iodoacetate) on cell morphology, cell survival, cell death, and on signaling mechanisms in two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and SCC-25). In addition, we determined the combined treatment of these cells with the two glycolytic enzyme inhibitors and the isoflavone Biochanin A. Using MTT assay, we determined the IC50 for both 3-bromopyruvate and iodoacetate in inhibiting the survival of SCC-15 and SCC-25 cells. The effects of the inhibitors on cell morphology were monitored using bright-field light microscopy. Employing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium as indicator of necrotic cell damage/death, we found treatment with either 3-bromopyruvate or iodoacetate induced dose-related cell damage; however, the presence of Biochanin A did not accentuate their cytotoxic effect. Western blot analysis showed decreases in phosphorylated Akt but increases in cytochrome c expression in a dose-related manner with iodoacetate/Biochanin A treatments. Our study is the first that demonstrates treatment with selective inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes induced cell death in OSCC cell lines and that an inhibitory effect of the Akt signaling pathway is implicated as one underlying cell signaling mechanism. Thus, our results may have pathophysiologic and pathogenetic implications in tumorogenesis of OSCC. (Supported by NIH P20 RR16454, MSTMRI Grant.)
The effects of CO, H, NH3, CH3OH, H2O, and C2H4 on the electronic properties of ultrathin Cu films supported over Ru(0001): an XPS study

Abstract The interaction of CO, H, NH3, CH3OH, H2O, and C2H4 with ultrathin Cu films supported on Ru(0001) has been studied by means of XPS and TPD. For films with θCu⪕1, adsorption of CO, C2H4, and H induced shifts of +0.5, +0.3, and +0.25 eV, respectively, in the Cu(2p 1 2 ) peak position. Negligible shifts were observed upon adsorption of NH3, CH3OH, and H2O. The XPS results are consistent with a model in which the electron density transferred from a Cu monolayer to the adsorbates follows the trend: CO > C2H4, H>NH3, CH3OH, H2O.
Identifying spots in microarray images

Microarray technology has provided a way to quantitate the simultaneous expression of a large number of genes. This approach is dependent on reproducible, accurate identification and quantitation of spot intensities. In this paper, clustering-based image segmentation is described to extract the target intensity of the microarray spots. While the technique is generic, its effectiveness on extracting spot intensities on arrays obtained from a two-color (Cy3/Cy5) experiment is discussed. The approximate boundaries of the spots are determined initially by manual alignment of rectangular grids. The pixel intensities of the image (I) inside a grid, is mapped onto a one-dimensional vector (v). The k-means clustering technique is applied to generate a binary partition of v. The median value of the pixel intensities inside each of the clusters for a given spot determines its foreground and the local background intensity. The difference in the median value of the foreground and the background intensity is the desired target intensity of the spot. The results are compared against those obtained using a region growing approach.
Reconciling plant strategy theories of Grime and Tilman

Summary 1 The theories of Grime and Tilman are ambitious attempts to unify disparate theories regarding the construction of plants, their interaction with the environment and the assembly of communities. After over two decades of parallel research, their ideas have not been reconciled, hindering progress in understanding the functioning of ecosystems. 2 Grime’s theories do not adequately incorporate the importance of non-heterogeneous supplies of nutrients and how these supplies are partitioned over long time scales, are inconsistent regarding the importance of disturbance in nutrient-limited habitats and need to reconsider the carbon economy of shade-tolerant plants. 3 Failure to account for differences between aquatic and terrestrial systems in how resource supplies are partitioned led Tilman to develop a shifting set of theories that have become reduced in mechanistic detail over time. The most recent highlighted the reduction of nutrient concentrations in soil solution, although it can no longer be derived from any viable mechanistic model. The slow diffusion of nutrients in soils means that the reduction of average soil solution nutrient concentrations cannot explain competitive exclusion. 4 Although neither theory, nor a union of the two, adequately characterizes the dynamics of terrestrial plant assemblages, the complementarity in their assumptions serve as an important foundation for future theory and research. 5 Reconciling the approaches of Grime and Tilman leads to six scenarios for competition for nutrients and light, with the outcome of each depending on the ability of plants to preempt supplies. Under uniform supplies, pulses or patches, light competition requires leaf area dominance, while nutrient competition requires root length dominance. There are still important basic questions regarding the nature of nutrient supplies that will need to be answered, but recent research brings us closer to a unified set of theories on resource competition.
Electronic Computer Use in Scoping Power Projects

Benefits resulting from computer applications to formulation of Pacific Northwest power projects; on project such as John Day, electronic data processing readily involves savings of $30,000,000 to $50,000,000 over determinations that have been applied and accepted as good practice in past; assumed savings in case of John Day plant are detailed.
Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition

Objective To measure long-term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30-week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age. Results Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow-up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025). Conclusions Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.
School crisis consultation.

School crisis consultations are services necessary to help school communities recover from disruptions that interfere with a learning environment. Child and adolescent psychiatrists are ideal for such consultations because of their knowledge of child development; their familiarity with school systems, family dynamics, and stress reactions in children; and their crisis intervention skills.
Phase Noise Reduction in an MEMS Oscillator Using a Nonlinearly Enhanced Synchronization Domain

We investigate the phase dynamics of a closed-loop MEMS-based oscillator and demonstrate how one can exploit nonlinear behavior to improve oscillator phase noise characteristics by synchronizing the oscillator with a weak harmonic drive. Analytical predictions are based on an oscillator model that incorporates a resonator element with a weak cubic (i.e., Duffing type) nonlinearity, weak coupling to a clean external harmonic drive, and both thermal and frequency noise terms. The method of stochastic averaging is used to derive an expression for the rate of phase diffusion induced by the noises, and the results predict a remarkable phase noise reduction of three order of magnitude when the oscillator is synchronized to the weak external field. The predictions are experimentally demonstrated using a closed-loop oscillator with a double-anchored double-ended-tuning-fork MEMS resonator with coupling to a small external sinusoidal signal from a signal generator, demonstrating a 30 dB/Hz drop in phase noise. The results show how one can generate a clean high-power signal from a relative noisy oscillator by synchronizing it with a low-power external signal. The results also confirm recent studies showing that the parameter range of synchronization is significantly expanded when the resonator operates in its nonlinear regime. [2016-0067]
Pioneers of cardiac surgery who just missed being first

The gold medal; recognition as being first is an icon of western (Post Hellenic) culture. However just behind the victor are concepts and forces that presaged victory, discovery or complete insight.
Chip-scale MOT for Microsystems Technology

We are developing a micro-fabricated platform to support the creation of laser cooled samples for chip scale instruments. Our chip scale cell is 4 mm thick and 28mm × 28mm wide, is made by anodically bonding glass windows to a silicon frame and is pumped by a 2 L/sec ion pump. Six independent laser beams, each having 1mW power, and a pair anti-Helmholtz coils are used to cool and trap ~ 5×105 atoms. We have characterized the MOT system and we are in the process of replacing the actively pumped cell by a passively pumped cell where the pumping elements are non-evaporable getters.
Drug-Induced Cutaneous Reactions

Cutaneous reactions are a common adverse effect of medications. Most are mild but some can be serious and require drug discontinuation.
Screening for Preeclampsia and the USPSTF Recommendations.

Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by the new onset of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, with proteinuria, evidence of organ dysfunction, or both in a previously normotensive woman.1 Preeclampsia and eclampsia complicate up to 10% of pregnancies and remain a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States.2 The complications of preeclampsia in part shaped the development of prenatal care in the United States. The timing and frequency of visits were chosen to improve detection of preeclampsia through the measurement of blood pressure at routine prenatal visits.3 In this issue of JAMA, the USPSTF provides a recommendation statement on screening for preeclampsia.4 The current recommendation was based on an updated systematic evidence review by Henderson et al5 conducted on behalf of the task force that evaluated 5 key questions: How effectively does screening for preeclampsia reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality? What is the effectiveness of risk assessment in early pregnancy for identifying women at high risk for preeclampsia? What are the harms of preeclampsia risk assessment? How effectively do screening tests (eg, blood pressure, proteinuria) identify women with preeclampsia? What are the harms of screening for preeclampsia and do they differ by risk status or screening protocol? Although these questions are all equally important, 3 issues are worthy of discussion: the effectiveness of routine blood pressure measurement for detection of preeclampsia, the evidence of various tests to detect proteinuria, and the value of models to predict preeclampsia before its onset.