cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of surface reactivity towards unsaturated CC bonds and H over Ni-based intermetallic compounds in semi-hydrogenation of acetylene

Abstract Intermetallic compounds composed of transition metals and semimetals or post-transition metals have been shown to exhibit elevated selectivity in olefins and aromatics production and other reactions that require control of C C activation and functionalization. The vast number of element combinations available for intermetallic compound production necessitates down-selecting to isolate catalytically useful compositional spaces. In this study, we have investigated the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene over isoelectronic intermetallic compounds composed of nickel and the boron group elements at a bulk stoichiometry of 1:1. We have isolated that orbital overlap between IMC constituent elements tracks well with the nature of their bulk bonding, surface reactivity, and catalytic preference for the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The trend isolated appears to be universal and marks a subspace within intermetallic compounds that is promising to focus further studies upon. Results also suggest the possibility of accessing New Br o nsted–Evans–Polanyi relationships over a subspace of intermetallic compounds.
Update on the current management of newborns with neonatal encephalopathy

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a subtype of neonatal encephalopathy and a major contributor to global neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care there are still challenges in accurate determination of etiology of neonatal encephalopathy. Thus, identification of intrapartum risk factors and comprehensive evaluation of the neonate is important to determine the etiology and severity of neonatal encephalopathy. In developed countries, therapeutic hypothermia as a standard of care therapy for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has proven to decrease incidence of death and neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy in surviving children. Advances in neuroimaging, brain monitoring modalities, and biomarkers of brain injury have improved the ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat newborns with encephalopathy. However, challenges remain in early identification of neonates at risk for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and determination of the timing and extent of brain injury. Using imaging studies such as Neonatal MRI and MR spectroscopy have proven to be most useful in predicting outcomes in infants with encephalopathy within the first week of life, although comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments still remains the gold standard for determining long term outcomes. Future studies are needed to identify other newborns with encephalopathy that might benefit from therapeutic hypothermia and to determine the efficacy of other adjunctive neuroprotective strategies. This review focuses on newer evidence and advances in diagnoses and management of infants with neonatal encephalopathy, including novel therapies, as well as prognostication of outcomes to childhood.
Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

The proximal femoral osteotomy is a valuable adjunct to the treatment of native hip instability and dysplasia. The indications for an osteotomy are diverse and may include correction of upper femoral deformity, improvement of articular congruity often in conjunction with acetabular procedures, reduction of risk of avascular necrosis in high-grade dysplasia, correction of gait abnormalities, and management of early-onset arthritis in young patients. Appropriate preoperative planning requires consideration of multiple factors including proximal femoral deformity in the sagittal, coronal, and frontal planes as well as the overall mechanical axis of the limb. Proper planning will optimize patient outcomes and minimize complications, including alteration in limb alignment, generation of limb length discrepancy, and creation of deformities that will potentially compromise subsequent surgical intervention, especially total hip arthroplasty. Finally, the choice of fixation, including blade plate, proximal femoral locking plate, and intramedullary nails, should be guided by surgical experience and comfort as well as the ability to restore biomechanics using any selected device.
Why Is Democracy So Hard? University of California, Berkeley Memorial Lecture for Erik Olin Wright, January 2020*:

This lecture reflects on the difficulties of democracy in Erik Olin Wright’s democratic socialist vision, one he elaborates in How to Be an Anti-capitalist in the 21st Century and Envisioning Real ...
Social capital's value in the courtroom

We are used to thinking about racial disparities in policing and arrests and disparities in sentencing and imprisonment, all of which produce pathways with multiple off-ramps for white and wealthy defendants. In his new book, Privilege and Punishment, sociologist Matthew Clair probes a less-examined period that exists between these two stages: the actual court proceedings and deliberations. Synthesizing knowledge gained from court watching, interviews with defendants and lawyers, and shadowing three public defenders in the Boston area, Clair zeroes in on this interval—when defendants9 experiences should theoretically be relatively equal—to look at the subtle forms in which inequality can manifest.
WARP: On-the-fly Program Synthesis for Agile, Real-time, and Reliable Wireless Networks

Emerging Industrial Internet-of-Things systems require wireless solutions to connect sensors, actuators, and controllers as part of high data rate feedback-control loops over real-time flows. A key challenge is to provide predictable performance and agility in response to fluctuations in link quality, variable workloads, and topology changes. We propose WARP to address this challenge. WARP uses programs to specify a network's behavior and includes a synthesis procedure to automatically generate such programs from a high-level specification of the system's workload and topology. WARP has three unique features: (1) WARP uses a domain-specific language to specify stateful programs that include conditional statements to control when a flow's packets are transmitted. The execution paths of programs depend on the pattern of packet losses observed at runtime, thereby enabling WARP to readily adapt to packet losses due to short-term variations in link quality. (2) Our synthesis technique uses heuristics to improve network performance by considering multiple packet loss patterns and associated execution paths when determining the transmissions performed by nodes. Furthermore, the generated programs ensure that the likelihood of a flow delivering its packets by its deadline exceeds a user-specified threshold. (3) WARP can adapt to workload and topology changes without explicitly reconstructing a network's program based on the observation that nodes can independently synthesize the same program when they share the same workload and topology information. Simulations show that WARP improves network throughput for data collection, dissemination, and mixed workloads on two realistic topologies. Testbed experiments show that WARP reduces the time to add new flows by 5 times over a state-of-the-art centralized control plane and guarantees the real-time and reliability of all flows.
Daly Gaps at South Sister, Oregon, USA, generated via partial melting

We conducted a detailed petrologic study on six crystal-poor ( 5 wt% MgO) basalts and that dacitic melt compositions most common in partial melting experiments conducted under low H2O fugacities. Partial melting of basalt resolves the compositional gaps between the basalts and dacites in the South Sister volcanic record because, during partial melting, dacites (1) can be generated without requiring the formation of a compositional intermediate, (2) are produced in eruptible melt fractions (e.g., 20–25%), (3) are favorably erupted if they occur in fluid undersaturated conditions (owing to the positive Clapeyron slope in the absence of a fluid phase). Though the efficiency of partial melting is debated because of the amount of heat required to generate melt, it is a viable process beneath South Sister because of the elevated geothermal gradient, high pre-eruptive temperatures of primitive basalts erupting in the surrounding areas and the recent history of volcanism in the region. Our results suggest that eruption of dacites saturated in two pyroxenes, absent hornblende, may signal partial melting.
Collision Prediction using UWB and Inertial Sensing: Experimental Evaluation

Real-time proximity and collision detection via radio frequency (RF) distance measurements has application in smart helmets, drones, autonomous vehicles, and social distancing. In this paper we evaluate ACED, a range-based, infrastructure-free, distributed algorithm that utilizes inter-node range data and intra-node acceleration data to estimate the recent relative positions of each node and to predict impending collisions between any pair of nodes. The framework is tested and validated using experimental data from a testbed of mobile nodes which use ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging and inertial sensing. ACED is shown to outperform two state-of-the-art methods.
Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket

In Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket , Robin Sabino draws on fieldwork with a last speaker and research from a range of disciplines laying bare the crucial roles of community and resistance in creole genesis.
The Deposition of Diamondlike Carbon Thin Films on CaF 2

As part of an AFML program, deposition conditions were studied to produce diamondlike carbon thin films on CaF 2 . Halide materials are difficult to deposit diamondlike carbon coatings onto because of the moderate or largecoefficient of thermal expansion of the halides which causes thermal induced separation of the coating. In addition, the adhesion of the carbon films to CaF 2 is poor. Several pretreatments were attempted to improve adhesion without much success. We describe a simple thermal technique that resulted in carbon films adhering most of the time to CaF 2 mechanical test bars and optical discs. The problem of adherence, however, has not been solved for this film-substrate system.
Non-Citizen Nationals: Neither Aliens Nor Citizens

The modern conception of the law of birthright citizenship operates along the citizen/noncitizen binary. Those born in the United States generally acquire automatic U.S. citizenship at birth. Those who do not are regarded as non-citizens. Unbeknownst to many, there is another form of birthright membership category: the non-citizen national. Judicially constructed in the 1900s and codified by Congress in 1940, non-citizen national was the status given to people who were born in U.S. territories acquired at the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898. Today, it is the status of people who are born in American Samoa, a current U.S. territory.This Article explores the legal construction of non-citizen national status and its implications for our understanding of citizenship. On a narrow level, the Article recovers a forgotten part of U.S. racial history, revealing an interstitial form of birthright citizenship that emerged out of imperialism and racial restrictions to citizenship. On a broader scale, this Article calls into question the plenary authority of Congress over the territories and power to determine their people’s membership status. Specifically, this Article contends that such plenary power over the citizenship status of those born in a U.S. possession conflicts with the common law principle of jus soli and the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause. Accordingly, this Article offers a limiting principle to congressional power over birthright citizenship.
Mixed News : The Public/civic/communitarian Journalism Debate

Contents: J. Black, Introduction. J.W. Carey, Community, Public, and Journalism. C.G. Christians, The Common Good and Universal Values. Voices: A Different Way of Covering Crime. L.W. Hodges, Ruminations About the Communitarian Debate. Voices: San Diego Gets a Good News Solution. J.C. Merrill, Communitarianism's Rhetorical War Against Enlightenment Liberalism. Voices: The Sound of Discontent. R.D. Barney, A Dangerous Drift? The Siren's Call to Collectivism. Voices: In the Beginning There Was Columbus. R. Anderson, R. Dardenne, G.M. Killenberg, The American Newspaper as the Public Conversational Commons. Voices: "South of Heaven": A Community in Conversation With Itself. T.L. Glasser, S. Craft, Public Journalism and the Prospects for Press Accountability. Voices: What's So New About Public Journalism? J.H. Altschull, A Crisis of Conscience: Is Community Journalism the Answer? Voices: Adding Color to Public Journalism. R.M. Steele, The Ethics of Civic Journalism: Independence as the Guide. Voices: "Final Indignities": Finally, a Voice for the Community. D.B. Merritt, Public Journalism, Independence, and Civic Capital...Three Ideas in Complete Harmony. P. McMasters, A First Amendment Perspective on Public Journalism. Voices: McMasters and Merritt Debate the Merits of Public Journalism. L. Wilkins, Communitarian and Environmental Journalism. D. Elliott, The Problem of Compassionate Journalism. L. Peck, L. Waddell, Annotated Bibliography.
Bioenergy Crop Production in the United States: Potential Quantities, Land Use Changes, and Economic Impacts on the Agricultural Sector

The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energyjointly analyzed the economic potential for,and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy cropproduction in the United States. Anagricultural sector model (POLYSYS) wasmodified to include three potential bioenergycrops (switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, anestimated 17 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 171 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes highproductivity management practices are permittedon Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated toincrease 9 to 14 percent above baseline pricesand farm income increases annually by US $6.0billion above baseline.At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, anestimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 55 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes managementpractices intended to achieve highenvironmental benefits on Conservation ReserveProgram lands. Traditional crops prices areestimated to increase 4 to 9 percent abovebaseline prices and farm income increasesannually by US $2.8 billion above baseline.
Improved Screening Criteria for the Prediction of Wind Induced Vibration of Tall Process Vessels Arising From Recent Field Experience

Tall process vessels such as those used in the petrochemical industry may be subject to wind induced vibration as a result of vortex shedding. Vortex shedding occurs at a critical wind speed determined by the fundamental natural frequency of the vessel and its exposed diameter. If the critical wind speed is experienced for a sufficient period of time, there is potential for the vessel to respond by vibrating in resonance in a direction normal to the wind flow. Under some circumstances this will result in large magnitude oscillations, giving rise to potential fatigue failure of the vessel. A rigorous assessment for wind induced effects is generally not practical or necessary, and various simplified criteria are used to predict the susceptibility of tall vessels to wind induced vibration. Screening criteria were used during a recent project, but the method adopted failed to predict a subsequent vibration problem, where, during construction and prior to being put into operation, one vessel (MT01) experienced significant vibration and had to be restrained by guy wires. The purpose of this paper is to review commonly used screening criteria in the light of the recent field experience. The review has been extended to consider data from an additional 22 vessels, some of which are known to have experience wind induced vibration. The paper discusses the importance of carefully screening for construction, standby and operating conditions, and highlights the sensitivity and importance of some critical assessment parameters. Various screening criteria are then evaluated for effectiveness using data from 23 vessels. The most effective screening criteria is determined to be based on a simple height/diameter ratio and an easily evaluated mass damping parameter similar to that used in the assessment of steel stacks.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
GNOMES: a testbed for low power heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Continuing trends in sensor, semiconductor and communication systems technology (smaller, faster, cheaper) make feasible very dense networks of fixed and mobile wireless devices for use in many different sensing and decision-making systems. In this paper we present the design and development of GNOMES, a low-cost hardware and software testbed. This testbed was designed to explore the properties of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, to test theory in sensor networks architecture, and be deployed in practical application environments. We also present an overview of architectures for extending the lifetime of individual nodes in the network, along with the design tradeoffs that this presents.
Psychosocial Correlates of Internalized Homophobia in Lesbians

This study investigated the relationship between lesbian internalized homophobia and various psychosocial variables in a national sample of 157 women.
Reviews Italian Piedmont bryophytes

Abstract Pistarino, Annalaura, Luca Miserere, Rene Schumacker, Sonia D'Andrea & Zdeněk Soldan. 2005. Briofite del Piemonte: la collezione della Val Sangone (Alpi occidentali, Torino). 456 pp., 336 maps, 179 figs. Cataloghi 15. Regione Piemonte Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via Giolitti 36, 10123 Torino, Italy. [ISBN 88-86041-62-4]. Price €40.00 + postage (hardcover). Fax: 011/4325914; anna.grassini@regione.piemonte.it.
Acidic ribosomal proteins of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Neurospora crassa acidic ribosomal proteins from the high salt-ethanol extract of 80 S ribosomes have been fractionated by DEAE-cellullose chromatography. Six acidic ribosomal proteins were purified. All resemble Escherichia coli L7 and L12 in amino acid composition and molecular weight but each has a slightly different net charge at pH 3.2. Four have an apparent molecular weight of approx. 14 000, and two have a molecular weight of approx. 14 800. The amino acid compositions and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the purified Neuropsora proteins are identical for the four 14 kDa proteins, but clearly distinguishable from the two 14.8 kDa proteins. The latter are also identical in amino acid composition and CD spectra. This suggests that there are two Neuropsora acidic, or ‘A’, proteins, one of which exists in four microheterogeneous forms and the other exists in two forms.
Soybean seedling root growth as influenced by soil texture, matric suction and bulk density.

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effect of five matric suctions (0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 1.00 and 3.00 bars) and three bulk densities (1.10, 1.30 and 1.50 g.cm−3) on the moisture content, penetrometer resistance and soybean (Glycine max L.) root growth in six different soil textural groups (sand, silt, clay and their combinations). The different textural groups were compacted in PVC pipes 4.4 cm ID and 10 cm long and placed in pressure cells to obtain the desired matric suction. After equilibrium five pregerminated soybean seedlings were fixed on the soil surface. At the end of 48 hours root elongation was measured. There was an increase in root growth in all the textural groups at all the bulk densities when the matric suction was increased from 0.05 to 0.30 bar. There was however a gradual decrease in root growth as the matric suction increased from 0.30 to 3.0 bars. The reduction in root growth at low and high matric suctions was related to moisture ...
Ultrafast Rotational Anisotropy Measurements: Strong-Field Nonlinear Saturation Effects

Nonlinear saturation effects in ultrafast time-resolved rotational anisotropy measurements are explored as a function of increased pump laser intensity. Femtosecond pump−probe experimental data were obtained over 3 orders of magnitude in pump laser intensity ranging from no saturation to highly nonlinear saturation. Data were obtained for molecular iodine vapor at room temperature following resonant excitation of the B←X transition. For low pump laser intensities, the data are shown to fit the conventional anisotropy formalism for unidirectional detection well. For higher pump laser intensities, the overall anisotropy diminishes because of saturation and the conventional fits diverge from the experimental data. In this regime, a saturation parameter can be introduced in the formulation to improve the fit between the model and the experimental data, thereby improving the accuracy of the resulting rotational temperatures. At the highest laser intensities, an additional photochemical pathway arising from the...
Beyond Section Q: prioritizing nursing home residents for transition to the community.

Nursing Facility Transition (NFT) programs often rely on self-reported preference for discharge to the community, as indicated in the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Section Q, to identify program participants. We examined other characteristics of long-stay residents discharged from nursing facilities by NFT programs, to “flag” similar individuals for outreach in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) initiative. Three states identified persons who transitioned between 2001 and 2009 with the assistance of a NFT or MFP program. These were used to locate each participant’s MDS 2.0 assessment just prior to discharge and to create a control sample of non-transitioned residents. Logistic regression and Automatic Interactions Detection were used to compare the two groups. Although there was considerable variation across states in transitionees’ characteristics, a derived “Q + Index” was highly effective in identifying persons similar to those that states had previously transitioned. The Index displays high sensitivity (86.5%) and specificity (78.7%) and identifies 28.3% of all long-stayers for follow-up. The Index can be cross-walked to MDS 3.0 items. The Q + Index, applied to MDS 3.0 assessments, can identify a population closely resembling persons who have transitioned in the past. Given the US Government’s mandate that states consider all transition requests and the limited staffing available at local contact agencies to address such referrals, this algorithm can also be used to prioritize among persons seeking assistance from local contact agencies and MFP providers.
The Science and Folklore of Traumatic Amnesia

Some clinical theorists believe that certain experiences are so overwhelmingly traumatic that many victims dissociate their memory for the experience (Cleaves, Smith, Butler, & Spiegel, this issue). Unfortunately, clinicians who endorse this hypothesis often exhibit confusion about the very studies they cite in support of it. For example, they often misinterpret everyday forget-fulness that develops after a trauma with an inability to remember the trauma itself; they confuse organic amnesia with traumatic amnesia; they confuse psychogenic amnesia (massive non-organic retrograde amnesia coupled with loss of personal identity) with (alleged) inability to remember a traumatic event; and they confuse not thinking about something (e.g., sexual abuse) for a long period of time with an inability to remember it (i.e., amnesia). The purpose of this commentary is to dispel some of this confusion.
Energy Dissipation Rates of Turbulence in the Stable Free Atmosphere

Abstract For stable stratification, it is pointed out that there exists a strong correlation between the intensity of atmospheric turbulence and the energy dissipation rate ϵ. It is given in terms of the variance of vertical velocity σw2 and the Brunt-Vaisala frequency ωB by ϵ = 0.4 σw2ωB. This relation is argued to have a wider range of applicability in the stratosphere than the previous relation ϵ = β σw2, where β is taken to be constant.
Sex Differences and Representative Values for 6 Lower Extremity Alignment Measures

Context: A discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates exists between men and women. Structural differences between the sexes often are implicated as a factor in this discrepancy. Researchers anecdotally assume that men and women tend to display different normative values for certain lower extremity alignments, but published information about these values is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effect of sex on 6 measures of lower extremity alignment and to report representative values of these measures from a sample of active adults and elite athletes. Design: Descriptive cohort design. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 118 healthy adults (57 men: age 5 21.1 6 3.0 years, height 5 179.1 6 7.3 cm, mass 5 79.8 6 13.0 kg; 61 women: age 5 20.0 6 1.6 years, height 5 167.7 6 6.7 cm, mass 5 62.7 6 5.5 kg) volunteered. Main Outcome Measure(s): Six common measures of lower extremity posture (navicular drop, tibial varum, quadriceps angle, genu recurvatum, anterior pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion) were collected using established methods. One measurement was taken for each participant for each lower extremity alignment. We measured the right lower extremity only. Results: Compared with men, women demonstrated larger quadriceps angles, more genu recurvatum, greater anterior pelvic tilt, and more femoral anteversion. Conclusions: We observed differences between men and women for 4 of the 6 lower extremity alignments that we measured. Future researchers should focus on identifying how sex and skeletal alignment affect biomechanical performance of functional tasks and what these differences specifically mean regarding the discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates between the sexes.
Solidification of Undercooled Ni-Sn Eutectic Alloy Under Microgravity Conditions in the Space

The Space Shuttle Columbia carried an Alloy Undercooling Experiment on its STS 61-C mission in January, 1986. The experiment was performed in the electromagnetic levitator (EML) designed and produced by the General Electric Company. A sample of Ni-32.5wt% Sn eutectic was melted and solidified under microgravity conditions in the Space Shuttle. The specimen achieved only a fairly small undercooling, probably less than 30 K. The specimen was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The surface and cross-sectional microstructures were primarily composed of normal lamellar eutectic, but showed several interesting features, including an apparent surface nucleation site, curved dendrites with non-orthogonal secondary arms, dendrite fragments with extremely fine arm spacing, submicron precipitates, and faceted crystals. The results of the space experiment are presented and compared with ground-based results obtained with the same alloy.
Oral anticoagulants in older adults with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults and contributes directly to adverse clinical events, ranging from ischemic stroke to heart failure and cardiovascular death. Because the incidence of AF and its attendant complications increase with age, there is a strong and growing need to develop safe, effective and widely available therapies. The following review summarizes the use of oral anticoagulants in older adults with AF, focusing on practical topics such as drug metabolism, drug–drug interactions, co-morbidities and cost considerations in a complex payer environment.
Doublesex establishes sexual dimorphism in the Drosophila central nervous system in an isoform-dependent manner by directing cell number.

doublesex (dsx) encodes sex-specific transcription factors (DSXF in females and DSXM in males) that act at the bottom of the Drosophila somatic sex determination hierarchy. dsx, which is conserved among diverse taxa, is responsible for directing all aspects of Drosophila somatic sexual differentiation outside the nervous system. The role of dsx in the nervous system remains minimally understood. Here, the mechanisms by which DSX acts to establish dimorphism in the central nervous system were examined. This study shows that the number of DSX-expressing cells in the central nervous system is sexually dimorphic during both pupal and adult stages. Additionally, the number of DSX-expressing cells depends on both the amount of DSX and the isoform present. One cluster of DSX-expressing neurons in the ventral nerve cord undergoes female-specific cell death that is DSXF-dependent. Another DSX-expressing cluster in the posterior brain undergoes more cell divisions in males than in females. Additionally, early in development, DSXM is present in a portion of the neural circuitry in which the male-specific product of fruitless (fru) is produced, in a region that has been shown to be critical for sex-specific behaviors. This study demonstrates that DSXM and FRUM expression patterns are established independent of each other in the regions of the central nervous system examined. In addition to the known role of dsx in establishing sexual dimorphism outside the central nervous system, the results demonstrate that DSX establishes sex-specific differences in neural circuitry by regulating the number of neurons using distinct mechanisms.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG MARRIED MEXICAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN

The purpose of the present study was to describe levels of acculturative stress and individual stressors and their relationship to levels of depressive symptomatology among young Mexican immigrant women. The mean age of the respondents was 25.7 years with a mean of 9.4 years of education. Their age at migration was 18.5 years and their average length of stay in the United States was 7.5 years. Women who in the last three months experienced discrimination, sex-role conflicts, and concern about starting a family in this country had significantly higher (over 16) CES-D scores than women who did not report experiencing those situations. The overall findings suggest that this sample of Mexican women immigrants as a group are at risk for the development of psychological problems.
Microsurgical Denervation of the Spermatic Cord: A Surgical Alternative in the Treatment of Chronic Orchialgia

AbstractPurpose: We demonstrated effective treatment of chronic orchialgia by microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord.Materials and Methods: Seven men with a history of chronic orchialgia (mean duration 16.6 months) underwent this surgical procedure after conservative treatment failed. A bupivacaine spermatic cord block resulted in temporary pain relief.Results: There was an excellent correlation between the response to preoperative temporary cord nerve block and the surgical result. Six men had complete and permanent pain relief after surgery. One patient with bilateral orchialgia had complete unilateral relief and partial relief on the contralateral side. There was no complaint of postoperative regional hypoesthesia.Conclusions: Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord is an effective testicular sparing surgical alternative for the treatment of chronic orchialgia.
STUDIES OF CELL ADHESION AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSES OF DEGRANULATION, SURFACE PHENOTYPE, AND VIABILITY USING HUMAN EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, AND MAST CELLS

Abstract Products derived from eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells are considered critical to the development of allergic diseases. Studies of the selective recruitment, accumulation, and/or activation of these cells during human allergic inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo have been facilitated by a wide variety of methods. Some have been developed to identify and isolate these cells from a variety of sites, including blood, airway secretions, and surgical or autopsy tissues. Once enriched in purity, assays of cell adhesion to endothelium, epithelium, matrix proteins, and purified, immobilized counterligands for integrins, selectins, or immunoglobulin gene superfamily structures can be performed in vitro under both static and flow conditions. Techniques involving flow cytometry, utilizing characteristics of cellular light scatter and immunofluorescence, have permitted the elucidation of cell surface phenotype and have aided in quantification of cellular degranulation and viability. These approaches have yielded new information on the function of human eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells and have suggested unique cell-specific pathways of cell recruitment, activation, and survival that may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
Finding the Impact in a Messy Intervention: Using an Integrated Design to Evaluate a Comprehensive Citywide Health Initiative:

This article uses the evaluation of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Urban Health Initiative (UHI), a 10-year effort to improve health and safety outcomes in distressed cities, to demonstrate the strength of an evaluation design that integrates theory of change and quasi-experimental approaches, including the use of comparison cities. This paper focuses on the later stages of implementation and, especially, our methods for estimating program impacts. While the theory of change was used to make preliminary identification of intended outcomes, we used the sites’ plans and early implementation to refine this list and revisit our strategy for estimating impacts. Using our integrated design, differences between program and comparison cities are considered impacts only if they were predicted by program theory, local plans for action, and early implementation. We find small, measurable changes in areas of greatest programmatic effort. We discuss the importance of the integrated design in identifying impacts.
Subunit Assembly in the Tryptophan Synthase α2β2 Complex STABILIZATION BY PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE ALDIMINE INTERMEDIATES

This work is aimed at understanding subunit assembly in the tryptophan synthase α2β2 complex and the importance of the internal aldimine between pyridoxal phosphate and lysine 87 of the β2 subunit of tryptophan synthase for subunit association. We utilize a mutant form of the β2 subunit that is unable to form the internal aldimine because lysine 87 is replaced by threonine (K87T). The K87T α2β2 complex is inactive in reactions catalyzed by the β2 subunit but retains activity in the reaction catalyzed by the α subunit. We find that dialysis removes pyridoxal phosphate much more rapidly from the K87T β2 subunit and α2β2 complex than from the wild type counterparts. Activity measurements, gel filtration, and subunit interchange experiments show that the α subunit dissociates more readily from the K87T β2 subunit than from the wild type β2 subunit. The reaction of L-serine to form an external aldimine with pyridoxal phosphate at the active site of the K87T β2 subunit markedly increases the affinity for the α subunit and slows removal of pyridoxal phosphate by dialysis. We propose that the external aldimine between L-serine and pyridoxal phosphate bridges the N-domain and the C-domain in the K87T β2 subunit. This interdomain bridge may mimic the internal aldimine bond in the wild type β2 subunit and stabilize pyridoxal phosphate binding. The interdomain bridges formed by the internal aldimine with the wild type β2 subunit and by the external aldimine with L-serine in the K87T β2 subunit may further stabilize interaction with the α subunit because the α/β interaction site contains residues from both N- and C-domains of the β2 subunit.
Effects of Reduced Sodium Chloride and Added Phosphates on Physical and Sensory Properties of Turkey Frankfurters

Turkey frankfurters containing 20 and 40% salt (NaCl) reductions were manufactured and evaluated in comparison to a standard formulation containing 2.5% sodium chloride. Additionally, either 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) were incorporated into frankfurters containing similar salt reductions. Phosphates improved emulsion stability and yields, especially in formulas with 40% salt reductions. TPP increased frankfurter firmness compared to that provided by SAPP or HMP regardless of salt level, but TPP had a deleterious effect on freshness at the 2.0% salt level. SAPP was more effective than HMP in improving plumpness and enhancing salt flavor intensity. Overall, SAPP appeared to provide greater benefits than either HMP or TPP as a single polyphosphate for reduced salt turkey frankfurters.
Psychosocial factors in living organ donation: clinical and ethical challenges

Living donor surgery has come to the forefront of public attention because increasing numbers of potential donors respond to the organ shortage. Because of several factors including decreased morbidity from donor surgery, online resources appealing for organs, and increased publicity about donation, new populations of unrelated donors are seeking evaluation for donor surgery. However, concern about potential coercion of vulnerable individuals, the potential for adverse psychosocial outcomes, and recent reports of donor deaths have reinvigorated discussion within the medical community about how best to assess donors. Research on the long-term quality of life outcomes for donors suggests that most donors are satisfied with their decision to donate. Small single-center studies on psychosocial outcomes have reported psychiatric sequelae after donor surgery. Little is known about the psychosocial outcomes for donors who are psychosocially excluded from donating. A multidisciplinary team approach, including social work and psychiatry evaluations, allows for the comprehensive assessment of important areas including motivation and expectations about surgery, current and past psychiatric conditions, history of substance or alcohol abuse, family support, understanding of the risks and alternatives of donor surgery for the donor and recipient, and motivation for donation including any evidence of coercion.
Recent Trends in Psychiatry Residency Workforce With Special Reference to International Medical Graduates

Objective: This study examines trends in the supply, distribution, and demographics of psychiatry residents during the 1990s. It evaluates the extent to which the predicted downsizing of psychiatry residency training programs actually occurred and how it affected training programs of different sizes and locations. Method: Data for this study were obtained from the American Medical Association’s (AMA) Annual Survey of Graduate Medical Education (GME) Programs, the AMA GME directory, and the APA Graduate Medical Census. The study compares the roles played by international medical graduates (IMGs) in contrast to U.S. medical graduates (USMGs) in these trends. Results: There was a significant decline in the number of residents during the years studied. The median training program size also decreased. International medical graduates found broad acceptance in training programs of all locations and sizes, including medical school based programs. Implications of the findings are discussed regarding the impact of current graduate medical education (GME) and immigration policies on future workforce patterns. Conclusion: The field will have to decide whether it can afford anymore residency downsizing in light of emerging evidence of a shortage of psychiatrists.
Design error and reusabilty

Failure to account for the placement of components of a complex system on different servers leads to problems in reusability. We examine a case involving an Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) application using Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE). In creating an EJB entity bean class to represent persistent data, the designer assumed that all EJB client objects would be local. Attempts by developers, whose programs were on another server, to create an entity bean object, failed. Lack of documentation by the original designer and lack of training in use of entity beans led to long delays in construction of new applications.
Transient cooling by natural convection in a two-dimensional square enclosure

Abstract A numerical and experimental investigation into two-dimensional transient natural convection of single-phase fluids inside a completely filled square enclosure with one vertical wall cooled (subjected to a step change in temperature) and the other three walls insulated has been conducted. A fully transient semi-implicit upwind differencing scheme with a global pressure correction has been used for the numerical simulation of air and water over the range of 10 5 Gr 7 . Experimentally, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer was employed to obtain transient temperature distributions in the enclosure for comparison to the numerical results. Good agreement is found between the experimental data and numerical predictions.
MATCHCLIP: locate precise breakpoints for copy number variation using CIGAR string by matching soft clipped reads

Copy number variations (CNVs) are associated with many complex diseases. Next generation sequencing data enable one to identify precise CNV breakpoints to better under the underlying molecular mechanisms and to design more efficient assays. Using the CIGAR strings of the reads, we develop a method that can identify the exact CNV breakpoints, and in cases when the breakpoints are in a repeated region, the method reports a range where the breakpoints can slide. Our method identifies the breakpoints of a CNV using both the positions and CIGAR strings of the reads that cover breakpoints of a CNV. A read with a long soft clipped part (denoted as $S$ in CIGAR) at its 3'(right) end can be used to identify the 5'(left)-side of the breakpoints, and a read with a long $S$ part at the 5' end can be used to identify the breakpoint at the 3'-side. To ensure both types of reads cover the same CNV, we require the overlapped common string to include both of the soft clipped parts. When a CNV starts and ends in the same repeated regions, its breakpoints are not unique, in which case our method reports the left most positions for the breakpoints and a range within which the breakpoints can be incremented without changing the variant sequence. We have implemented the methods in a C++ package intended for the current Illumina Miseq and Hiseq platforms for both whole genome and exon-sequencing. Our simulation studies have shown that our method compares favorably with other similar methods in terms of true discovery rate, false positive rate and breakpoint accuracy. Our results from a real application have shown that the detected CNVs are consistent with zygosity and read depth information. The software package is available at http://statgene.med.upenn.edu/softprog.html.
Utilization of native and denatured proteins by Tetrahymena pyriformis W.

Abstract The ability of soybean protein, bovine serum albumin, and egg albumin to support the growth of Tetrahymena was markedly enhanced by heat treatment. Soy globulin, β-lactoglobulin, and hemoglobin were not readily digested by a partially purified proteolytic enzyme of the organism unless subjected to preliminary denaturation by heat or urea. Bovine serum albumin and egg albumin were resistant to proteolytic attack in both their native and denatured forms. Unheated solutions of fibrinogen and casein were readily hydrolyzed, and only slight changes were effected by heat treatment.
Detecting worms via mining dynamic program execution

Worm attacks have been major security threats to the Internet. Detecting worms, especially new, unseen worms, is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new worm detection approach based on mining dynamic program executions. This approach captures dynamic program behavior to provide accurate and efficient detection against both seen and unseen worms. In particular, we execute a large number of real-world worms and benign programs (executables), and trace their system calls. We apply two classifier-learning algorithms (Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine) to obtain classifiers from a large number of features extracted from the system call traces. The learned classifiers are further used to carry out rapid worm detection with low overhead on the end-host. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to detect new worms in terms of a very high detection rate and a low false positive rate.
2001 Scientific Session of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 18-21 April 2001 Poster presentations

Background: The extraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine has been shown to be superior to the use of a placebo for postoperative analgesia following endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of postoperative analgesia by local wound infiltration to instillation of the extraperitoneal space with bupivacaine. Methods: Between 1 September 1999 and 2 June 2000, a total of 100 patients who underwent unilateral endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasties were recruited to receive either local wound infiltration with 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (group I, n = 50) or instillation of the extraperitoneal space with 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine after mesh placement (group II, n = 50). Daily postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue pain score on a scale from 0 to 10 at rest and upon coughing. Total amount of oral analgesic consumed and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: A comparison of daily pain scores of the two groups at rest and upon coughing showed no significant difference (p = ns). The mean number of oral analgesic tablets consumed were 3.2 ± 0.5 (SEM) and 3.3 ± 0.5 (SEM) in groups I and II, respectively (p = ns). During follow-up, asympatomatic groin collections were more common in group II (n = 4) than group I (n = 2) (p = ns). Conclusions: Compared to local wound infiltration with bupivacaine, the extraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine did not bestow any additional analgesic benefits. Therefore, the routine infiltration of skin incisions with bupivacaine is recommended after endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty.
The macro-micronuclear complex of Woodruffia metabolica.

A unique relationship is described between the macro- and micronucleus of the ciliated protozoan Woodruffia metabolica . The micronucleus resides in the perinuclear space of the macronucleus and has only a single membrane of its own. The inner and outer macronuclear membranes also contribute to border the micronucleus in such a way that they become part of the micronuclear envelope. The cytoplasmic face of the micronuclear envelope is perforated by abundant pore complexes, many containing dense granules. The significance of this observation is discussed in the context of present-day ideas regarding micronuclear RNA synthesis. The percentage of the macronuclear envelope occupied by pore complexes is approximately 55%, a value higher than previously described. The morphology of these complexes is described and found to be similar to those described elsewhere.
The Interaction Between a Jet and a Flat Plate—An Inviscid Analysis

The problem of jet-plate interaction has been examined. It is shown that the problem of this type is governed by the mechanisms of inviscid interaction. The method of hodograph transformation has been employed to formulate the problem, and the solution is obtained from numerical computations in the hodograph plane. The flow pattern in the physical plane is produced from additional integrations. Extensions to the compressible flow regime with practical applications have also been mentioned.