cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The US experience with lung transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Purpose Lung transplantation has been increasingly used as a treatment modality for patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). In this study, we evaluated the outcome of patients with LAM who underwent lung transplantation with the aim of making some recommendations regarding patient management. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 79 patients who underwent primary lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary LAM at 31 US transplant centers between January 1987 and December 2002 and were reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Results All patients were women with a mean age of 41.1 years (range, 24–65 years). Thirty-four patients (43%) received single-lung transplants. Bilateral lung transplantation was performed in 45 patients (57%). The mean cold ischemia time was 4.7 hours. There were 2 intra-operative deaths. The 30-day mortality was 5% (4 patients). The causes of early death were primary graft failure in 2 patients, hyperacute rejection in 1 patient, and a cardiac event in 1 patient. Twenty late deaths (>30 days post-transplant) occurred. Of those, 5 were from multisystem organ failure, 5 from pulmonary complications, and 2 from fungal infection. Rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans accounted for 2 deaths each. The cause of death was a cardiac event in 1 patient and was not recorded in the remaining 3. Four patients were re-transplanted. Fifty-five patients (70%) were alive at a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 0–128 months). The actuarial Kaplan-Meier survival was 85.75% at 1 year, 76.35% at 3 years, and 64.91% at 5-years. Log-rank analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the survival rate of LAM patients compared with a historical group of patients who had transplantation for all lung conditions during the same period (45.12%, p = 0.0012). Transplant era, type of transplant, donor gender, ischemia time of more than 4 hours, age more than 40 years, and donor/recipient cytomegalovirus did not impact survival. Conclusions Lung transplantation is a valuable therapeutic option for patients with end-stage pulmonary LAM. Transplantation offers survival rates that are equivalent to or better than those of patients who received a lung transplant for other indications.
Theory of surface recombination of spin-polarized hydrogen

A theory is presented, based on the Faddeev equations, for direct two-body recombination of hydrogen atoms on a liquid helium surface. The equations developed are applicable to hydrogen or deuterium atoms in any spin state, but are applied in particular to dipolar recombination ofb state hydrogen atoms. The equations yield terms corresponding to one- and two-step processes. These terms are calculated for low temperatures (T-0.1 to 1.1 K) and high field strengths (B=4 to 14 T). The one-step term increases slowly withB, while the two-step term is rapidly decreasing. While the overall rate is quite small (∼5×10−18 cm2/s) compared to recombination by two-body spin-relaxation, the results have important consequences in understanding the experimentally measured three-atom dipolar surface recombination rates. In three-atom recombination, where the role of spin-relaxation and the two-atom one-step processes are repressed, the role of the underlying two-atom, two-step process is enhanced. The field dependence of the process relevant to the three-atom system is calculated and found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental three-atom data. The role of possible liquid excitations in enhancing the contribution of the two-step processes is also discussed.
A Test for Stink Bug and Fungal Damage in Green Rice

Tests were made using hydrochloric, acetic, and carbolic acids, hydrogen peroxide, Lugol’s solution, acid fuchsin, and berberine sulfate stains, and X-ray radiograph for treating shelled green rice to determine the extent of Slink bug, Oebalus poecilus (Dallas), and fungaldamaged kernels, Procedures included autoclaving, boiling, and heating the rice in various concentrations of the chemicals. Hydrochloric, acetic, and carbolic acids in various concentrations and trcalmenls turned damaged areas dark but did not affect undamaged areas of the kernels. Best results were achieved when the green rice was placed in hydrochloric acid in dilutions 0.03-15 N heated to 54°C for 1 minute. This treatment resulted in good contrast between damage and undamaged areas and was quick, easy, cheap, reliable, and free from the unpleasant odors of acetic and carbolic acids.
High-speed video study of laser-induced forward transfer of silver nano-suspensions

High-speed video (100 000 fps) is used to examine the behavior of silver nanoparticle suspensions ejected from a donor substrate during laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) as a function of viscosity, donor film thickness, and voxel area. Both high-speed video and inspection of the post-transferred material indicate dramatic changes in the behavior of the fluid as the viscosity of the nano-suspensions increases from that of inks (∼0.01 Pa·s) to pastes (>100 Pa·s). Over a specific range of viscosities (90–150 Pa·s) and laser fluences (35–65 mJ/cm2), the ejected voxels precisely reproduce the size and shape of the laser spot. This LIFT regime is known as laser decal transfer or LDT. Analysis of the high-speed video indicates that the speeds of the voxels released by the LDT process do not exceed 1 m/s. Such transfer speeds are at least an order of magnitude lower than those associated with other LIFT processes, thus minimizing voxel deformation during flight and upon impact with the receiving substrate. Variation in the threshold fluence for initiating the LDT process is measured as a function of donor film thickness and transfer spot size. Overall, the congruent nature of the silver nanopaste voxels deposited by LDT is unique among non-contact digital printing techniques given its control of the voxel's size and shape, thus allowing partial parallelization of the direct-write process.
Simulation of Isoenthalps and Joule-Thomson Inversion Curves of Pure Fluids and Mixtures

Abstract This paper examines the molecular simulation of expansion and compression processes of fluids under common non-isothermal conditions. It is shown that accurate isoenthalps can be traced if simulated configurational properties obtained from the particular molecular force-field adopted are complemented by experimentally-based data for the ideal-gas contributions to the heat capacity. The simulation of inversion curves is also analyzed and found to be particularly challenging as conventional extrapolation techniques have limited applicability. Several approaches were investigated to overcome such difficulties including (1) simulation of several isobars and isoenthalps, (2) thermodynamic integration, and (3) histogram reweighting techniques. Contrary to the results of a recent study, our calculations show that the Johnson et al, equation of state does provide a good description of the inversion curve for the Lennard-Jones fluid. Isoenthalps and the inversion curve for a model gas condensate mixture w...
Granulocyte transfusion therapy in a child with chronic granulomatous disease and multiple red cell alloantibodies

A 7-year-old, 17-kg child with chronic granulomatous disease and nocardial pneumonia and osteomyelitis did not respond to antibiotic therapy and developed multiple red cell (RBC) alloantibodies (anti-c, -E, and -Jka). To provide daily granulocyte concentrates, a method was devised to reduce the number of incompatible RBCs per transfusion. Leukapheresis was done with hydroxyethyl starch, and the apheresis product was allowed to sediment by gravity in a plasma expressor for 90 minutes. The leukocyte-rich plasma was separated from the sedimented RBCs by transfer to a satellite bag, and the volume of the product was reduced by centrifugation to approximately 80 ml. RBC content was reduced from 29 +/- 7 to 2.5 +/- 1.0 ml (n = 22, p less than 0.01) and was accompanied by a 70 percent recovery of white cells (range, 49-90%). The final product contained 1.6 +/- 1.0 X 10(10) granulocytes. There were no clinical or laboratory signs of hemolysis during the course of 46 granulocyte transfusions, 37 of which were derived from c-, E-, or Jka-positive donors. The size of most apheresis donor pools is insufficient to provide phenotypically matched granulocyte concentrates daily for patients with RBC alloimmunization. The rapid, simple method described here may allow daily therapy with mismatched concentrates to be administered safely to such patients.
Hopf algebras and invariants of 3-manifolds

This paper studies invariants of 3-manifolds derived from finite dimensional Hopf algebras. The invariants are based on right integrals for the Hopf algebras. In fact, it is shown that the defining property of the right integral is an algebraic translation of a necessary condition for invariance under handle slides in the Kirby calculus. The resulting class of invariants is distinct from the class of Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants. The purpose of this paper is to indicate a method of defining invariants of 3-manifolds intrinsically in terms of right integrals on certain Hopf algebras. We call such an invariant a Hennings invariant [6], as Hennings was the first person to point out that invariants could be defined in this way. The work reported in this paper appears more fully in joint work of the author and David Radford [ll]. The present paper contains a significant innovation that goes beyond our previous work [ 111. We had previously verified the invariance of our functional for 3-manifolds by using the restricted Kirby move, a special case of handling sliding. In fact, the argument is most transparent when done in general! Here, we shall see that the notions of right integral and invariance under handle sliding are actually translations of each other between algebraic and geometrical categories. These matters are ex
Possible heterogeneity of type B monoamine oxidase in pig heart mitochondria.

Abstract The metabolism in vitro of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tyramine and benzylamine by pig heart mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been studied. Linear Lineweaver-Burk plots yielded estimated K m values (at pH 7.8) of 475 μM (5-HT) and 292 μM (tyramine). In contrast, linear regions of a downward-curving reciprocal plot revealed the presence of a high- and low-affinity metabolizing site (estimated K m of 39 and 853 μm respectively) for benzylamine. Studies with the irreversible MAO inhibitor clorgyline indicated that metabolism of the three substrates in this tissue was brought about by type B MAO alone. However, the apparent sensitivity toward clorgyline of each substrate-metabolizing activity was not identical. This was due to different degrees of rapid or possibly instantaneous inhibition of enzyme activity toward each substrate. This rapid inhibition appeared to be both partially reversible and irreversible to a relative degree depending upon the substrate-metabolizing activity studied; additional time-dependent inhibition developing with prolonged preincubation was a first-order process, with a similar half-life, whichever substrate was used to assay MAO activity. Ackermann-Potter and Lineweaver-Burk plots also demonstrated differences in the inhibitory effects of clorgyline upon metabolism of each substrate. The ability of 5-HT, tyramine and benzylamine to inhibit each other's deamination in vitro was also investigated. Enzyme activity was measured by radiochemical assay with each labeled substrate in the presence and absence of the other non-labeled amines. Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed a competitive interaction between tyramine and benzylamine, whereas mixed-type inhibition patterns were obtained for mixtures containing 5-HT/tyramine or 5-HT/benzylamine. In this latter case, the present inhibition data could only be assessed accurately with the low-affinity catalytic site for benzylamine. The kinetics of heat denaturation indicated both a thermolabile and thermostable component of each substrate-metabolizing activity. Some substrate-dependent differences in the relative proportions of these components were found. These experiments are discussed in relation to similar studies by other workers and suggest that pig heart MAO may, in fact, be heterogeneous.
The Disk Around CoKu Tauri/4: Circumbinary, Not Transitional*

CoKu Tau/4 has been labeled as one of the very few known transition disk objects—disks around young stars that have their inner disks cleared of dust, arguably as a result of planetary formation. We report aperture-masking interferometry and adaptive optics imaging observations showing that CoKu Tau/4 is in fact a near-equal binary star of projected separation ~53 mas (~8 AU). The spectral energy distribution of the disk is then naturally explained by the inner truncation of the disk through gravitational interactions with the binary star system. We discuss the possibility that such "unseen" binary companions could cause other circumbinary disks to be labeled as transitional.
Polygraphic studies of kitten development: sleep state patterns.

The sequence of developmental changes in sleep pattern organization was derived from 12-hr recordings in 10-, 20- and 40-day-old kittens. Each characteristic of sleep patterning exhibited a distinct maturational sequence. Earlier changes (10–20 days) included quiet sleep (QS) increments and somatic activity decrements; later changes (20–40 days) included emergence of EEG slow waves and spindles, decrements in active sleep (AS), and diminution of QS respiratory variability. Changes in the lengths of state epochs and the types of state transitions spanned the period studied. We suggest that the differential development of the characteristics of sleep patterns reflects differential maturation of distinct nervous system elements.
Structuring collections with Scatter/Gather extensions

A major component of sense-making is organizing--grouping, labeling, and summarizing--the data at hand in order to form a useful mental model, a necessary precursor to identifying missing information and to reasoning about the data. Previous work has shown the Scatter/Gather model to be useful in exploratory activities that occur when users encounter unknown document collections. However, the topic structure communicated by Scatter/Gather is closely tied to the behavior of the underlying clustering algorithm; this structure may not reflect the mental model most applicable to the information need. In this paper we describe the initial design of a mixed-initiative information structuring tool that leverages aspects of the well-studied Scatter/Gather model but permits the user to impose their own desired structure when necessary.
RASopathies: unraveling mechanisms with animal models

ABSTRACT RASopathies are developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in the Ras-MAPK pathway, and are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological abnormalities. The high incidence of these disorders (∼1/1000 births) motivates the development of systematic approaches for their efficient diagnosis and potential treatment. Recent advances in genome sequencing have greatly facilitated the genotyping and discovery of mutations in affected individuals, but establishing the causal relationships between molecules and disease phenotypes is non-trivial and presents both technical and conceptual challenges. Here, we discuss how these challenges could be addressed using genetically modified model organisms that have been instrumental in delineating the Ras-MAPK pathway and its roles during development. Focusing on studies in mice, zebrafish and Drosophila , we provide an up-to-date review of animal models of RASopathies at the molecular and functional level. We also discuss how increasingly sophisticated techniques of genetic engineering can be used to rigorously connect changes in specific components of the Ras-MAPK pathway with observed functional and morphological phenotypes. Establishing these connections is essential for advancing our understanding of RASopathies and for devising rational strategies for their management and treatment.
Women and Leadership

Abstract The evolution of thought about women and leadership is set against the background of feminist research and theory. The past content and scope of leadership and the dimensions that shaped it are compared with and contrasted to current concepts to determine ways to better prepare women for library leadership in the future. Four interactive phases of perception and change are described to illuminate the forces continuing tokeep women from contributing to library leadership to their maximum potential. Empowerment strategies are denoted and processes and programs suggested to assist in developing leadership equity. A model for the creation of a national educational program for leadership empowerment is recommended.
Framing From Experience: Cognitive Processes and Predictions of Risky Choice.

A framing bias shows risk aversion in problems framed as "gains" and risk seeking in problems framed as "losses," even when these are objectively equivalent and probabilities and outcomes values are explicitly provided. We test this framing bias in situations where decision makers rely on their own experience, sampling the problem's options (safe and risky) and seeing the outcomes before making a choice. In Experiment 1, we replicate the framing bias in description-based decisions and find risk indifference in gains and losses in experience-based decisions. Predictions of an Instance-Based Learning model suggest that objective probabilities as well as the number of samples taken are factors that contribute to the lack of framing effect. We test these two factors in Experiment 2 and find no framing effect when a few samples are taken but when large samples are taken, the framing effect appears regardless of the objective probability values. Implications of behavioral results and cognitive modeling are discussed.
Controversies and Contradictions in Statistical Process Control

Statistical process control (SPC) methods are widely used to monitor and improve manufacturing processes and service operations. Disputes over the theory and application of these methods are frequent and often very intense. Some of the controversies and issues discussed are the relationship between hypothesis testing and control charting,the role of theory and the modeling of control chart performance,the relative merits of competing methods,the relevance of research on SPC and even the relevance of SPC itself. One purpose of the paper is to offer a resolution of some of these disagreements in order to improve the communication between practitioners and researchers.
Open source versus closed source: software quality in monopoly and competitive markets

The open source model of software development has received substantial attention in the industry and popular media; nevertheless, critics frequently contend that open source softwares are inferior in quality compared to closed source software because of lack of incentives and project management, while proponents argue the opposite. This paper examines this quality debate by modeling and analyzing software quality, demand, profitability, and welfare under open and closed source environments in monopoly and competitive markets. The results show no dominant quality advantage of one method over another under all circumstances. Both open source and closed source qualities decrease in a competitive market. Conditions under which each method can generate higher quality software are examined.
Implementing the Regular Education Initiative in Secondary Schools: A Different Ball Game

Discussions on the Regular Education Initiative (REI) have not addressed the significant differences that exist between the organizational structures, curricula, and other features of elementary and secondary schools. It is argued here that wholesale application of the REI to both elementary and secondary schools is a gross oversimplification of a complex problem. This article reviews potential barriers to implementing the REI with mildly handicapped adolescents in secondary schools and then discusses a set of factors central to developing a workable partnership that is compatible with the intent and goals of the REI but that is also realistic in responding to the unique parameters of secondary schools.
Methadone maintenance and recovery.

(1993). Methadone Maintenance and Recovery. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 135-137.
A Study of the Indian Valve for Ventriculo‐atrial Shunts in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Because of the high costs of importing commercially-available shunts, a hand-made ventriculo-atrial shunt was devised in India for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Modifications have been made to the original design and these shunts are now being produced commercially at a fraction of the cost of other available shunts. Hydrodynamic testing indicates that they compare favourably with the other shunts at present in use.
An individualized intermittent intensive physical therapy schedule for a child with spastic quadriparesis

Current research literature supports the use of intensive physical therapy (PT) for children with cerebral palsy (CP) but lacks consensus on the selection of a specific therapy schedule. The purpose of this case report was to describe the use of an individualized intermittent intensive PT schedule for a child with CP who was otherwise seen following a traditional, two times per week, schedule. The patient was a 4.5-year-old girl with spastic quadriparesis, GMFCS level III. The new schedule was tried over a 3-month period. Each of the 3 months included a 2-week, five times per week intensive therapy phase, followed by a 2-week resting phase. Outcomes were assessed by using the GMFM-66 and by documenting the attainment of functional gross motor skills related to the patient's PT goals. Intervention included TAMO therapy and family instruction. The patient demonstrated a gradual increase in GMFM-66 scores throughout the 9-month period covered by this case report, with the greatest mean change score obtained ...
Evolutionary stability of mutualism: interspecific population regulation as an evolutionarily stable strategy.

to extinction or to the conversion of mutualism to parasite-host or predator-prey interactions. We hypothe- size that the evolutionary stability of mutualism can depend on how benefits and costs to one mutualist vary with the population density of its partner, and that stability can be maintained if a mutualist can influence demographic rates and regulate the population density of its partner. We test this hypothesis in a model of mutualism with key features of senita cactus (Pachycereus schottii) - senita moth (Upiga virescens) interac- tions, in which benefits of pollination and costs of larval seed consumption to plant fitness depend on polli- nator density. We show that plants can maximize their fitness by allocating resources to the production of excess flowers at the expense of fruit. Fruit abortion resulting from excess flower production reduces pre- adult survival of the pollinating seed-consumer, and maintains its density beneath a threshold that would destabilize the mutualism. Such a strategy of excess flower production and fruit abortion is convergent and evolutionarily stable against invasion by cheater plants that produce few flowers and abort few to no fruit. This novel mechanism of achieving evolutionarily stable mutualism, namely interspecific population regu- lation, is qualitatively different from other mechanisms invoking partner choice or selective rewards, and may be a general process that helps to preserve mutualistic interactions in nature.
Grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population dynamics and sampling method comparison in timothy.

Sampling studies were conducted on grass thrips, Anaphothrips obscurus (Muller) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in timothy, Phleum pratense L. These studies were used to compare the occurrence of brachypterous and macropterous thrips across sampling methods, seasons, and time of day. Information about the population dynamics of this thrips was also revealed. Three absolute and two relative methods were tested at three different dates within a season and three different daily times during four harvest periods. Thrips were counted and different phenotypes were recorded from one of the absolute methods. Absolute methods were the most similar to one another over time of day and within seasonal dates. Relative methods varied in assessing thrips population dynamics over time of day and within seasonal dates. Based on thrips collected from the plant and sticky card counts, macropterous individuals increased in the spring and summer. Thrips aerially dispersed in the summer. An absolute method, the beat cup method (rapping timothy inside a plastic cup), was among the least variable sampling methods and was faster than direct observations. These findings parallel other studies, documenting the commonality of diel and diurnal effects on sampled arthropod abundance and the seasonal effects on population abundance and structure. These studies also demonstrate that estimated population abundance can be markedly affected by temporal patterns as well as shifting adult phenotypes.
Disability and health behavior change

Abstract Objective/hypothesis We conducted a review of four health behavior change (HBC) theories (Health Belief, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive, and Transtheoretical) to consider how these theories conceptually apply to people with disabilities. Methods We identified five common constructs across HBC theories and examined how these commonalities fit within the International Classification of Function (ICF). Results Four of the HBC constructs appear to be Personal Factors within the ICF, while the fifth represents Environmental Factors. Conclusions Using the ICF framework to understand disability and HBC, we propose that including a sense of meaning as another personal factor will further develop HBC theories that lead to more effective HBC interventions for people with disabilities.
A generalized method for wind inverter control under unbalanced operating conditions

In this paper, a generalized method for a wind inverter control under unbalanced operating conditions is proposed. The control method presented in this paper provides complete harmonic elimination in line currents and DC link voltage with adjustable power factor. The method is general and can be used for all levels of imbalance in grid voltages and line impedances. Simulation results for a variable speed wind turbine system with PM synchronous generator connected to unbalanced grid voltages and line impedances are compared to results obtained by using a standard control of a grid side inverter. In addition, the proposed method has been verified for a grid-fault ride through control of the wind inverter.
The Use of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Targeting of the EGF receptor (EGFR) has become a standard of care in several tumor types. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR have become a regular component of therapy for curative as well as palliative treatment strategies. These agents have anti-tumor efficacy as a single modality and have demonstrated synergistic tumor killing when combined with radiation and/or chemotherapy. While cetuximab has been the primary anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody used in the US, variant anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have been used in several clinical studies and shown benefit with improved toxicity profiles. Next generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies may demonstrate multi-target epitope recognition, enhanced immune cell stimulation, or conjugation with radioisotopes in order to improve clinical outcomes. Identification of the specific patient subset that would optimally benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies remains an elusive goal.
Host specificity of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a potential biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

Abstract Host specificity tests of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) were conducted under quarantine in Blacksburg, Virginia, to determine the suitability of this beetle as a biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), in the eastern United States. Members of the genus Laricobius are known to feed on adelgids. L. nigrinus, native to western North America, was tested on three other adelgids and three non-adelgid species of Homoptera in three families. A. tsugae is an exotic insect pest of eastern (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) and Carolina (T. caroliniana Engelmann) hemlocks. In paired-choice and no-choice oviposition tests, L. nigrinus females preferred to oviposit in A. tsugae ovisacs over the other test species. Feeding tests showed that L. nigrinus consumed more eggs of A. tsugae than eggs of Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) and Pineus strobi (Hartig), but not of Adelges abietis (L.). In larval development tests, L. nigrinus only completed development on A. tsugae. These results suggest that L. nigrinus has a narrow host range and that it has potential for biological control of A. tsugae. Based on these results, L. nigrinus has been cleared for field release by USDA APHIS.
Dynamic Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton by FMNL1γ Is Required for Structural Maintenance of the Golgi Complex

Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) is a member of the formin family of actin nucleators, and is one of the few formins for which in vitro activities have been well characterized. However, the functional roles of this mammalian formin remain ill-defined. In particular, it is unclear how the unique in vitro biochemical properties of FMNL1 relate to its regulation of cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate that FMNL1 depletion caused a dramatic increase in cellular F-actin content, which resulted in Golgi complex fragmentation. Moreover, increased F-actin and maintenance of Golgi structure were distinctly regulated by the gamma isoform of FMNL1, which required binding to actin. Importantly, in addition to Golgi fragmentation, increased F-actin content in the absence of FMNL1 also led to cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor dispersal, lysosomal enlargement and missorting of cathepsin D. Taken together, our data support a model in which FMNL1 regulates cellular F-actin levels required to maintain structural integrity of the Golgi complex and lysosomes.
LNAPL Thickness Interpretation Based on Bail-Down Tests

In this paper we describe governing equations for fluid recovery processes in a monitoring well. The proposed formulation is based on volumetric equilibrium and multiphase Darcy flow assumptions and may be used in the analysis of bail-down tests. Through the numerical solution of the mathematical model, we demonstrate that the measurements made at the inflection point of the recovery curve, at which the water/LNAPL interface in the monitoring well changes from a rising level to a falling level, may depend on several parameters. Thus, present methods that use only the LNAPL thickness in the monitoring well at the inflection point to estimate the LNAPL thickness in the aquifer may not yield adequate estimates. Based on our analysis, we propose a new approach to estimate the LNAPL thickness in the aquifer, which relies on information on the LNAPL recovery rate in a monitoring well. In addition to the measurement of the rate of fluid recovery in a monitoring well, the proposed approach also requires information on monitoring well parameters.
Biventricular Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Inappropriate Shocks

A 53-year-old man with nonischemic cardiomyopathy underwent implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. He received five shocks while attempting to exercise, 48 hours after implantation. Interrogation of the device revealed double counting of ventricular sensed events by the left and right ventricular leads. Shortening the AV delay and AV nodal blockade (beta-blocker) to promote ventricular pacing failed to prevent additional inappropriate ICD discharges. After detailed consideration of all options including AV nodal ablation, we chose to disconnect the left ventricular lead pending availability of newer devices with sensing functions limited to the right ventricular lead. Since then, the patient has not experienced any additional inappropriate discharges.
A personalidade do administrador bem sucedido

Os administradores de ernpresa modernos tem, em comum, muitas facetas de personalidade, reflexos, em parte, da concepcao socialmente estereotipada do que venha a ser o homem de negocios e, tambem em parte, de algumas similaridades basicas na estrutura de sua personalidade. O administrador bem sucedido representa a cristalizacao de muitas atitudes e valores ordinariamente aceitos pelo consensus gentium da sociedade norte-americana, em que predomina a classe media. Desejo de acumulacao e de auto-realizacao, egocentrismo e pensamento independente sao, nesse grupo, contrabalancados por sentimentos de inseguranca, medo constante de perder terreno e incapacidade de abandonar os planos e esquemas intimamente preestabelecidos.
PET Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with 89Zr-Labeled High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are increasingly investigated in cancer immunology and are considered a promising target for better and tailored treatment of malignant growth. Although TAMs also have high diagnostic and prognostic value, TAM imaging still remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the development of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL)–facilitated TAM PET imaging in a breast cancer model. Methods: Radiolabeled rHDL nanoparticles incorporating the long-lived positron-emitting nuclide 89Zr were developed using 2 different approaches. The nanoparticles were composed of phospholipids and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in a 2.5:1 weight ratio. 89Zr was complexed with deferoxamine (also known as desferrioxamine B, desferoxamine B), conjugated either to a phospholipid or to apoA-I to generate 89Zr-PL-HDL and 89Zr-AI-HDL, respectively. In vivo evaluation was performed in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer and included pharmacokinetic analysis, biodistribution studies, and PET imaging. Ex vivo histologic analysis of tumor tissues to assess regional distribution of 89Zr radioactivity was also performed. Fluorescent analogs of the radiolabeled agents were used to determine cell-targeting specificity using flow cytometry. Results: The phospholipid- and apoA-I–labeled rHDL were produced at 79% ± 13% (n = 6) and 94% ± 6% (n = 6) radiochemical yield, respectively, with excellent radiochemical purity (>99%). Intravenous administration of both probes resulted in high tumor radioactivity accumulation (16.5 ± 2.8 and 8.6 ± 1.3 percentage injected dose per gram for apoA-I– and phospholipid-labeled rHDL, respectively) at 24 h after injection. Histologic analysis showed good colocalization of radioactivity with TAM-rich areas in tumor sections. Flow cytometry revealed high specificity of rHDL for TAMs, which had the highest uptake per cell (6.8-fold higher than tumor cells for both DiO@Zr-PL-HDL and DiO@Zr-AI-HDL) and accounted for 40.7% and 39.5% of the total cellular DiO@Zr-PL-HDL and DiO@Zr-AI-HDL in tumors, respectively. Conclusion: We have developed 89Zr-labeled TAM imaging agents based on the natural nanoparticle rHDL. In an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer, we have demonstrated their specificity for macrophages, a result that was corroborated by flow cytometry. Quantitative macrophage PET imaging with our 89Zr-rHDL imaging agents could be valuable for noninvasive monitoring of TAM immunology and targeted treatment.
Local and fuzzy logics

Fuzzy logic differs from conventional logical systems in that it aims at providing a model for approximate rather than precise reasoning.
Identification and team-based interprofessional management of hospitalized vulnerable older adults.

Abstract Background Extended hospital stays and complications are common among older adults and may lead to morbidity and loss of independence. Specialized geriatric units have been shown to improve outcomes but, with the growing numbers of older adults, may be difficult to scale to meet needs. Purpose The purpose was to evaluate a quality improvement initiative that redesigned unit-based workflow and trained interprofessional teams on general medical/surgical units to create care plans for vulnerable older adults using principles of comprehensive geriatric assessment and team management. Method The evaluation included a cluster randomized controlled trial of 10 medical/surgical units and intention-to-treat analysis of all patients meeting risk screening criteria. Results N = 1,384, median age=80.9 years, and 53.5% female. Mean difference in observed vs. expected length of stay was 1.03 days shorter ( p = .006); incidence of complications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.98) and transfer to intensive care (OR = 0.45; 95% CI=0.25–0.79) lower among patients admitted to intervention units; incidence of discharge to institutional care was higher (OR = 1.43; 95% CI=1.06–1.93). Mortality during hospitalization (OR = 0.64; 95% CI=0.37–1.11) did not differ between groups. Conclusion Reorganizing general medical/surgical units to provide team-based interprofessional care can improve outcomes among hospitalized older adults.
Response of a Hysteretic System Under Non-Stationary Earthquake Excitations

Under strong earthquake excitations, a structure is likely to become nonlinear and inelastic. The term hysteresis is used to describe a type of inelastic behavior in which the restoring force depends not only on the instantaneous deformation, but also the past history of the deformation. Consider an engineering structure idealized as a single-degree-of-freedom system governed by $$ \ddot X\, + \,2\zeta \dot X\, + \,aX\, + \,\eta Z(t)\, = f_k (X,\dot X)\xi _k (t) $$ (1) where ξk(t) are ground accelerations, and Z(t) is a hysteretic restoring force, described by the Bouc-Wen model (Bouc, 1967; Wen, 1976, 1980)
Using cellphone technology to monitor and increase dosing adherence

Aims: The observation that dual blockade of endogenous cannabinoid degradative enzymes monoacylglycerol (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) elicits THC-like psychotropic effects suggest FAAH & MAGL function as dual brakes in curtailing the pharmacological effects of endogenous cannabinoids. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether blockade of FAAH and MAGL would produce an interoceptive stimulus in mice, using the drugdiscriminationparadigm.Drugdiscrimination is an assayused to infer the subjective effects of drugs. Herewe testedwhether elevating levels of the naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) via inhibition of both degradative enzymes would serve as an interoceptive stimulus in mice, N=7–8. Towards this end, we employed the dual FAAH & MAGL inhibitor SA-57 as the training drug. Methods:Micewere trainedusingadouble alternationbetween SA-57 and vehicle (DDVVDD) and acquired the task over 40 days. Results: The discriminative stimulus effects of 10mg/kg SA57 were dose-related (ED50 (95% CI) = 4.49 (3.77–5.35)mg/kg) and were antagonized by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (3mg/kg), but not the CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528 (3mg/kg). CP55, 940 as well as the dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor JZL195 substituted for SA-57, and rimonabant blocked the substitution of both. Lowdoses of SA-57 (<3mg/kg),which completely inhibit FAAH, but not MAGL, did not substitute for SA-57. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibition of FAAH alone is not sufficient to elicit SA-57-like subjective effects. Taken together, this study represents the first example that elevating levels of naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoids serves as a discriminative stimulus. Thus, MAGL and possibly FAAH serve as brakes in curtailing the psychotropic effects of endogenous cannabinoids. Financial support:Dr. Aron Lichtman, Virginia Commonwealth University.
Comparing Urinary Reagent Strips for Detecting Glycosuria in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

We evaluated seven types of urinary reagent strips for their reliability and accuracy in detecting glycosuria. We randomly collected 329 urine samples from 253 patients with diabetes mellitus and tested them with each of the reagent strips as well as simultaneously with a laboratory glucose oxidase method. Each reagent strip was effective in detecting glycosuria based on quantitative measurements determined by the laboratory method. The strips were less sensitive in detecting glycosuria in positive semiquantitative ranges. When the plasma glucose level increased to greater than 180 mg/dL, the positive detection rate of glycosuria by all reagent strips increased proportionately. Moreover, two of the strips had a significantly higher ability to detect glycosuria compared with other reagent strips. The variation of renal glucose threshold among patients with diabetes mellitus, however, should be considered when using urinary reagent strips to detect urine glucose.
Implementing the Affordable Care Act Health Insurance Exchanges: State Government Choices and Policy Outcomes

Intense partisan conflict characterized the Affordable Care Act’s passage and continues to influence its implementation. The Act granted state officials significant discretionary authority over the implementation of health insurance exchanges and Medicaid expansion. Decisions by state officials vary from full state involvement to partial involvement to refusal to administer a state health exchange or expand Medicaid. The federal government administers a health exchange in those states choosing not to operate an exchange. The article examines whether variation in state program choices affects citizen decisions to enroll in an exchange. Also examined is whether health insurance premiums vary by which level of government administers the exchange. The analysis provides evidence that the Act’s goals of increased enrollment in health insurance and affordable premiums are influenced by state government decisions on the extent of state involvement in health exchanges and Medicaid expansion.
Effects of dietary protein level and clinoptilolite on the weight gain and liver mineral response of growing lambs to copper supplementation.

Growing male Synthetic I (1/2 Finnish Landrace x 1/4 Dorset x 1/4 Rambouillet) lambs were used in two experiments (64 lambs in Exp. 1 and 63 in Exp. 2) to test the hypothesis that dietary CP level (9 or 14% of diet as fed) and(or) clinoptilolite (clino; 0 or 2% of diet) affects growth and tissue mineral concentrations of growing lambs fed supplemental Cu. Lambs were individually fed their respective diets ad libitum and killed after 12 wk (Exp. 1) or 16 wk (Exp. 2) to obtain carcass measurements, organ weights and liver mineral concentrations. In Exp. 1, 20 ppm added Cu (as CuSO4.5H2O) increased mortality and depressed BW gain (P less than .01) and daily feed intake (P less than .05) in the presence or absence of clino and at both levels of CP. Liver Cu concentration was greater (P less than .01) in lambs fed added Cu than in those not fed Cu (408 ppm vs 110 ppm, respectively). Neither CP nor clino affected liver Cu concentration. Clinoptilolite increased daily gain of lambs fed high CP but not low CP (P less than .01). In Exp. 2, clino in the diet had no effect on daily gain or daily feed, but 20 ppm Cu addition depressed daily gain (P less than .01) and gain/feed (P less than .07). Organ weights and levels of trace elements other than Cu in the liver generally were not affected by diet in either experiment. It is concluded that high dietary CP or 2% dietary clino did not protect against toxic signs of Cu when Cu was added to the basal diet (10 ppm Cu) at 10 or 20 ppm.
Cardioprotection 'outside the box'--the evolving paradigm of remote preconditioning.

Conventional ischemic preconditioning is the phenomenon whereby brief episodes of myocardial ischemia render the ischemic territory resistant to a subsequent, sustained ischemic insult. A growing body of evidence further indicates that brief ischemia applied in distant organs and tissues can also protect naive, virgin myocardium from ischemic injury. In this review, we describe the initial observations that provided the impetus for the study of ‘remote preconditioning’, and summarize our current knowledge of the three facets of ‘preconditioning at a distance’ – intra-cardiac, inter-organ and transferred inter-cardiac preconditioning.
Maintenance of electrostatic stabilization in altered tubulin lateral contacts may facilitate formation of helical filaments in foraminifera

Microtubules in foraminiferan protists (forams) can convert into helical filament structures, in which longitudinal intraprotofilament interactions between tubulin heterodimers are thought to be lost, while lateral contacts across protofilaments are still maintained. The coarse geometric features of helical filaments are known through low-resolution negative stain electron microscopy (EM). In this study, geometric restraints derived from these experimental data were used to generate an average atomic-scale helical filament model, which anticipated a modest reorientation in the lateral tubulin heterodimer interface. Restrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the nearest neighbor interactions combined with a Genalized Born implicit solvent model were used to assess the lateral, longitudinal, and seam contacts in 13-3 microtubules and the reoriented lateral contacts in the helical filament model. This electrostatic analysis suggests that the change in the lateral interface in the helical filament does not greatly diminish the lateral electrostatic interaction. After longitudinal dissociation, the 13-3 seam interaction is much weaker than the reoriented lateral interface in the helical filament model, providing a plausible atomic-detail explanation for seam-to-lateral contact transition that enables the transition to a helical filament structure.
Considerations for the Pediatric Endurance Athlete

The quests for performance gains in sport have become increasingly prominent over the past 30 years with steady increases in marathon participation, cycling, and triathlons. Children today are exercising for performance gains at an earlier age than ever before. It is imperative to recognize the medical considerations for such endeavors, including physiologic adaptations to training. With the following, we intend to illustrate the medical concerns associated with marathon and long-distance running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon participation. Additionally, we will review the literature in regard to exercise-induced adaptations to exercise in children.
Superiority in Humor Theory

In this article, I consider the standard interpretation of the superiority theory of humor attributed to Plato, Aristotle, and Hobbes, according to which the theory allegedly places feelings of superiority at the center of humor and comic amusement. The view that feelings of superiority are at the heart of all comic amusement is wildly implausible. Therefore textual evidence for the interpretation of Plato, Aristotle, or Hobbes as offering the superiority theory as an essentialist theory of humor is worth careful consideration. Through textual analysis I argue that not one of these three philosophers defends an essentialist theory of comic amusement. I also discuss the way various theories of humor relate to one another and the proper place of a superiority theory in humor theory in light of my analysis.