cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis of Bivariate Phase-Amplitude Coupling in EEG Data Using Tensor Robust PCA

Cross-frequency coupling is emerging as a crucial mechanism that coordinates the integration of spectrally and spatially distributed neuronal oscillations. Recently, phase-amplitude coupling, a form of cross-frequency coupling, where the phase of a slow oscillation modulates the amplitude of a fast oscillation, has gained attention. Existing phase-amplitude coupling measures are mostly confined to either coupling within a region or between pairs of brain regions. Given the availability of multi-channel electroencephalography recordings, a multivariate analysis of phase amplitude coupling is needed to accurately quantify the coupling across multiple frequencies and brain regions. In the present work, we propose a tensor based approach, i.e., higher order robust principal component analysis, to identify response-evoked phase-amplitude coupling across multiple frequency bands and brain regions. Our experiments on both simulated and electroencephalography data demonstrate that the proposed multivariate phase-amplitude coupling method can capture the spatial and spectral dynamics of phase-amplitude coupling more accurately compared to existing methods. Accordingly, we posit that the proposed higher order robust principal component analysis based approach filters out the background phase-amplitude coupling activity and predominantly captures the event-related phase-amplitude coupling dynamics to provide insight into the spatially distributed brain networks across different frequency bands.
A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Managing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients on Oral Anticancer Therapy at a Large Academic Medical Center.

Purpose of review Since the discovery of imatinib, an oral breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukemia tyrosine kinase inhibitor, chronic myelogenous leukemia transformed from a hematologic malignancy primarily treated with intravenous chemotherapy to a disease almost solely managed with oral agents. While certainly there are benefits to taking a medication at home, this change in treatment modality also came with unique challenges, including patient adherence, medication acquisition and cost, and toxicity management. Recent findings Pharmacists are uniquely equipped to assist with educating patients, safe prescribing, and access to medications. Several studies have described the benefits of an integrated oral anticancer medication management program in the ambulatory setting, including improvements in patient adherence, side effect management, patient comprehension, and drug-interaction detection. Pharmacists are also specially trained to assist with medication dose adjustments, relative lab monitoring, and co-pay assistance. Here, we describe the multidisciplinary workflows established to manage oral therapies in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in a malignant hematology clinic at a large academic medical center. By using the unique talents of the clinic pharmacist, clinic nurse, and specialty retail pharmacy group, patients can be triaged to help ensure the correct skill set is used to optimally care for patients. An acuity-based monitoring structure can improve the ability to reach and safely monitor a large volume of patients.
Reducing Readmissions With Novel Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Programming: Is Meeting the 30-Day Metric Enough?

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization in the Medicare population in the United States and is a primary driver of escalating health care costs [(1)][1]. Although clinical outcomes have improved with advances in medical therapy, rates of readmission after heart failure hospitalization
Nocturia: Current Evaluation and Treatment for Urology

Nocturia is a very common yet a highly underreported entity. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in nocturia because of its association with serious adverse health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, elevated BMI, and mortality. Frequency volume charts are the cornerstone of initial assessment and are pivotal in determining the type of nocturia and associated causes. The diagnostic evaluation is aimed at clarifying the underlying cause: sleep disturbances, reduced bladder capacity (functional or extrinsic), and increased urine production (nocturnal or daily). Obstructive sleep apnea is an important cause of nocturnal polyuria and should always been considered. Management is focused on treating the underlying cause; a range of behavioral and pharmacologic options are available.
Peer Collaboration: Improving Teaching through Comprehensive Peer Review

This article includes a brief rationale and review of the literature on peer review of teaching (PRT). Based on that literature review, it offers a proposal for an optimal formative review process that results in a teaching portfolio that would reflect a faculty member's efforts and successes in a critically reflective PRT process, and contributes to ongoing teaching improvement. It then looks at potential areas of faculty resistance and concern and offers a discussion of potential strategies to overcome those concerns.
Waugh, John S.: Alchemy of Nuclear Spins

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Education: Up to 1953 3 Applications of NMR at MIT: 1953–64 4 Coherent Averaging: 1965–82 5 Heteronuclear Decoupling in Liquids: 1980–82 6 NMR at Low Temperatures: 1983–93 7 Computer Experiments: 1985–94 8 Biographical Sketch
The free internal mammary artery bypass graft. Use of the IMA in the aorta-to-coronary artery position.

Abstract Transposition of the internal mammary artery (IMA) into the aorta-to-coronary artery position is described, and 4 patients who underwent this operation are reported. Currently, this type of bypass graft is reserved for those patients who have unsuitable or stripped saphenous veins. The free IMA grafts can be connected to any of the major coronary vessels, and in most instances optical assistance is not necessary. There was no significant difference in recorded blood flow between these free grafts and a large group of in situ IMA-to-coronary artery bypass grafts.
Recognition and signaling in plant-pathogen interactions: implications for genetic engineering.

Plants are continually exposed to potential pathogens yet for the most part they remain healthy. The ability to resist disease reflects the operation of highly effective defense mechanisms. Plant defenses make use of pre-existing, static mechanisms (1) as well as responses that are invoked during attempted infection (2). To successfully infect a plant, a pathogen must overcome these defenses or ensure that they are not triggered. In this review, I discuss recent developments in our understanding of this process, with a focus on the molecular basis for pathogen recognition and subsequent signaling events. I have focused largely on bacterial and fungal pathogens although many of the concepts discussed also apply to viral pathogens.
Use of Modeling and Simulation to Receive New Design Acceptance

Abstract : The U.S. Army's Stryker vehicle was in need of a design upgrade on one of its components. A newly designed hydraulic reservoir was tested and analyzed on a component level to gain acceptance to be used in the vehicle. All of this was done using modeling and simulation to conduct a fatigue analysis and component testing without putting any unnecessary miles on the entire vehicle system. This paper will follow the process and successes associated with using modeling and simulation methods to aid in getting this component fielded.
Chapter 3 – Machine Learning for Protein Structure and Function Prediction

Abstract Solving biological problems in silico has posed many daunting challenges ranging from simulating the protein dynamics to function assignment for new sequences. One approach to such problems, machine learning, is to learn the solution from a set of examples. Machine learning has found wide application in many problem domains such as medical diagnosis, market analysis, traffic analysis among others. The key idea in machine learning is to direct the computer to learn how to solve a problem rather than explicitly give the solution to the computer. This chapter reviews a number of popular machine learning formulations and gives an example for each formulation using the modeling of protein–DNA interactions. Then we present recent applications of machine learning to a number of biological problems related to protein structure and function prediction. These include protein-RNA interactions, protein-membrane interactions, protein-protein interactions, protein-peptide interactions, single amino acid polymorphisms, subcellular localization, and protein structure predictions.
The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist's Quest for What Makes Us Human. by V. S. Ramachandran

The author's purpose in writing this book was to distill his life's work, which he says was directed to unravelling “the mysterious connections between brain, mind, and body” (Ramachandran, p. xi)....
Health characteristics and health behaviors of African American adults according to self-rated health status.

Objectives: Although African Americans report poorer self-rated health (SRH) than Whites, few studies have explored what factors are associated with SRH in this population. Our study described the health characteristics and health behaviors of a sample of adult church members according to SRH status. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: 74 African Methodist Episcopal churches in South Carolina. Participants: 1077 church members (99% African American). Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat- and fiber-behaviors, perceived stress, and presence of chronic health conditions, objectively measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure. Health-related characteristics and health behaviors across SRH categories were calculated. Analysis of covariance examined relationships between SRH and the presence of chronic diseases, the total number of chronic diseases, health-related variables, and health behaviors. Results: The health characteristics and health behaviors of participants worsened with declining SRH. The percentage of participants with each individual chronic health condition increased, as did the total number of chronic health conditions, as SRH declined. A higher BMI, a greater waist circumference, and higher perceived stress were associated with poorer SRH. Participants with lower physical activity and poorer fat- and fiber-behaviors also had poorer SRH. Fruit and vegetable consumption was not associated with SRH. Conclusions: A better understanding of what health-related variables and health behaviors contribute to SRH may inform future interventions, as researchers and practitioners can target and effectively change the most salient factors. Fortunately, a majority of the factors are modifiable and can be prevented or reversed with changes in lifestyle. (Ethn Dis. 2014;24[1]:97–103)
Bayesian based linear and non-linear detectors for CDMA communications

This work provides various simplified Bayesian-based multiuser detectors, including both linear and non-linear detectors, for CDMA communications systems. Due to the non-Gaussian nature of the problem, the Bayesian solutions are generally non-linear. Under the linear constraint, the Bayesian solution leads to the linear MMSE (LMMSE) estimator based multiuser detectors. Within the non-linear class, we present a simplified Bayesian solution, which leads to either multi-stage interference cancellation based or iterative optimization based multiuser detectors.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder afferent activity.

Aims Dysregulation of bladder afferent activity and detrusor smooth muscle behavior leads to a constellation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which includes overactive bladder (OAB). Current treatments for LUTS are poorly tolerated and may be associated with substantial adverse effects. Methods Major advances in the understanding of bladder neuroanatomy and the role of bladder afferent pathways in symptom generation suggest a range of targets for new therapeutic agents. Results A sensory role for urothelial and suburothelial structures has been established, as well as a cascade of afferent bladder signaling involving the bladder epithelium and detrusor muscle. Numerous inhibitory and stimulatory neurotransmitters and chemical mediators interact with a variety of specialized receptors and participate in signal transduction leading to wider neuroactivation. The blockade of muscarinic receptors, possibly mediated by muscarinic 2 (M2) receptors residing in the urothelium, has been shown to affect bladder afferent fibers, challenging the traditional concept that antimuscarinic therapy involves M3 receptor-mediated effects on detrusor smooth muscle. The propagation of impulses to spinal and higher centers utilizes axonal fiber tracts remarkable for their morphologic and functional plasticity as bladder function becomes increasingly disordered. Conclusions These findings suggest that the etiology of LUTS includes enhanced, dysregulated, and perhaps maladaptive sensory signaling arising from numerous pelvic locales, including the most superficial epithelium of the bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:908–913, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Restructing of DNA sequences in the germline genome of Oxytricha

Most genes in the germline genome of hypotrichous ciliates are crippled by the presence of interrupting sequences. Some genes are additionally impaired because their sequences are in disorder. These gene defects are corrected when germline chromosomal DNA sequences are amplified, cut, spliced, reordered, and eliminated to produce somatic DNA.
TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS OF RARE EARTHS FOR FAST NEUTRONS

The total neutron cross sections averaged over resonances have been measured for Nd, Sm, Er, Yb, and Hf as functions of neutron energy from 0.06 to 3 Mev. The cross-section curves have shapes which change gradually with atomic weight and are in agreement with the values predicted by the theory of Feshbach, Porter, and Weisskopf.
Relational diagnosis: An essay review

A review ofHandbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns. Florence W. Kaslow, Ed. 566 pages. $55. Cloth. ISBN # 0471-08078-0. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
Role of NMDA Receptors in Dopamine Neurons for Plasticity and Addictive Behaviors

A single exposure to drugs of abuse produces an NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) currents in DA neurons; however, the importance of LTP for various aspects of drug addiction is unclear. To test the role of NMDAR-dependent plasticity in addictive behavior, we genetically inactivated functional NMDAR signaling exclusively in DA neurons (KO mice). Inactivation of NMDARs results in increased AMPAR-mediated transmission that is indistinguishable from the increases associated with a single cocaine exposure, yet locomotor responses to multiple drugs of abuse were unaltered in the KO mice. The initial phase of locomotor sensitization to cocaine is intact; however, the delayed sensitization that occurs with prolonged cocaine withdrawal did not occur. Conditioned behavioral responses for cocaine-testing environment were also absent in the KO mice. These findings provide evidence for a role of NMDAR signaling in DA neurons for specific behavioral modifications associated with drug seeking behaviors.
Limit periodic iteration

Abstract Compositional chains of the form ƒ1 ∘ ƒ2 ∘ ƒ3 ∘ ⋯, where ƒn→ƒ occur in several infinite proc esses, including continued fractions and power series. This generalization of simple iteration of a single function is investigated in the context of complete metric spaces. Simple fixed-point theory is used to develop an associated and hitherto unexplored α-limit periodic structure. This, in turn, leads to new results on the convergence behaviour of infinite expansions such as continued fractions.
A proposed global atmospheric monitoring network based on standard stars

The feasibility of developing a network of telescopes to monitor the composition of the nighttime atmosphere using stellar spectrophotometry is explored. Spectral measurements of the extinction of starlight by the atmosphere would allow, for instance, quantification of aerosol, cloud, water-vapor, and ozone levels over the full range of elevation and azimuth. These measurements, when combined with data from solar spectrophotometry derived from other instruments, would provide continuous day/night monitoring of the atmospheric composition from the ground. The foundation for such an effort would be a set of stable standard stars with known top-of-the-atmosphere spectral irradiances traceable to international standards based on the SI system of units. Fully automated, reliable, easily maintained and highly costeffective replicas of the spectrophotometric telescope used to calibrate the standard stars can be deployed worldwide at sites such as atmospheric and astronomical observatories.
Verification of complex systems using incremental operational specifications

Abstract The principal technological problem in large systems development and maintenance is the management of complexity. Part of the problem is that there is seldom a complete set of formal specifications for such systems. This may not change for a variety of reasons. Such systems are often transaction oriented, and there is no concise functional description of their behavior. The code itself is the only detailed, complete description. In addition, during the development of such systems, the functional and design specifications evolve, and required properties of one part of the system become known at intermediate points in the development of some other part. An approach to this problem is described which depends on the use of operational specifications. It is based on studies of faults occurring in large systems, and an investigation of the ways in which humans make errors. The approach assumes that the information available about a large system usually consists of the program plus additional operational information in the form of incremental specifications . The program itself is considered to be an operational description in which sequences of operations are described using a graph. The additional operational information consists of partial ordering information about those operations. It also allows the user, for example, to note at one point in the graph that it is expected that some operation has been performed at earlier points. This leads to the consideration of the different states that can occur at some program location, where the states are defined either directly or indirectly in terms of operations occurring before or after that location. In order to make analysis tractable, incremental specifications are limited to constructs producing only a finite number of possible states. Verification of a system consists of determining the consistency of its operational specifications. Several incremental specifications analyzers have been constructed. The first was built for analyzing COBOL programs, and contained a variety of other interesting features such as a symbolic evaluation capability for detecting infeasible paths. Two others have been constructed for analyzing the code in a real-time avionics system. These are described, including one called QDA2 which has been used to detect the occurrence of errors in a heavily tested piece of flight software. All of the experiments with these analyzers confirm that they are easy to use, and effective in discovering the presence of an pervasive and important class of errors in large systems which have been characterized as “decomposition errors.” The basic features of our latest analyzer, QDAA, designed for detecting faults in ADA programs are also described.
Effect of hormone variations and other factors on symptom severity in women with dystonia

Objective To determine if any relationship exists between the severity of symptoms in women with dystonia and female reproductive hormonal variations. Patients And Methods We surveyed 279 women with dystonia seen at Mayo Clinic Scottsdale over a 6-year period (1990-1995), and 204 responded. The women were asked questions regarding their reproductive and menstrual histories and dystonia severity and other questions with an emphasis on possible exacerbating or relieving factors. Results Although in the majority of women hormonal influences had no consistent effect on dystonia symptom severity, 26 (41.9%) of 62 premenopausal women noted a change in the severity of their dystonic symptoms in relation to the 3 phases of their menstrual cycle. Other factors that exacerbated dystonia included stress and fatigue, while sleep improved symptoms. Pregnancy, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy had no effect on symptoms. Conclusions Menstrual cycling may result in subjective worsening of dystonia symptoms in some women with dystonia. Further clinical and physiologic evaluation is indicated in such patients, as they may represent an important subgroup of dystonic patients that might yield some clues to the pathophysinlogy of dystonia and to improved treatment strategies.
Aurantosides G, H, and I: Three new tetramic acid glycosides from a Papua New Guinea Theonella swinhoei.

Aurantosides G-I (1-3) have been isolated from the lithistid sponge Theonella swinhoei from Papua New Guinea. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 represent new monochloropentaenoyl tetramic acids with mono-, di-, and tri-N-saccharide substituents, respectively. Aurantosides G-I (1-3) failed to show any significant cytotoxicity against the human colon tumor cell line HCT-116.
Dynamic aspects of effluent taxation under uncertainty

Abstract The optimal adjustment process for an effluent charge is derived when the firm's response to the charge is uncertain. The optimal process is shown to exhibit the dual effects of caution and probing. Because of uncertainty, society should be risk averse or cautious when setting the charge. However, because of the possibility of generating information for improved future control, this caution is balanced by the incentive to probe for additional information. Finally, if the uncertain parameters of the firm's response function are nonautonomous, their change over time must be explicitly considered to avoid bias in estimation.
The use of depo‐provera in the treatment of sex offenders: The legal issues

Because of societys intolerance of deviant sexual activity the issue of what treatment or punishment should be imposed on offenders has been raised. Suggested alternatives to imprisonment include behavior modification or behavior control through psychotherapy or organic therapy a procedure that modifies behavior by altering the chemical or neurological bases of behavior feelings or thought processes. The most important recent organic therapy for sex offenders involves regulation of hormone levels through injections of Depo-Provera--a drug which substantially decreases the sex drive frequency of erotic fantasies erections and ejaculations. Serious issues are involved however. The long-term risks of depo-Provera are unknown and its effect on sexual functions is similar to physical castration which is not legally sanctioned. The constitutionality of such treatment whether individuals charged or convicted of sex offenses can voluntarily consent to depo-Provera treatment and whether those who do consent to it have given a legally informed consent to such treatment are questioned. This article examines depo-Provera usage potential limitations on state power to impose depo-Provera treatment against an offenders will and the problem of consent. Although depo-Provera appears to be the most effective method of dealing with sex offenders treatment cannot be imposed without careful consideration of the offenders desires and interests. Although the state has a valid interest in protecting the public from sex offenders this concern is insufficient to override the offenders right to mental and bodily privacy especially when other methods exist. It appears that depo-Provea would not survive a constitutional balancing test. Compulsory treatment may violate the offenders moral right to be treated as a person and the implicit constitutional right to be punished. It may also violate the 8th amendments ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Mandatory depo-Provera programs appear immoral and unconstitutional. With valid consent given however voluntary depo-Provera treatment is a viable and constructive alternative to imprisonment.
Progression of alloresponse and tissue-specific immunity during graft coronary artery disease.

Chronic rejection remains the major obstacle for long-term transplant survival. Both indirect alloresponse and tissue-specific autoimmunity have been implicated in its pathogenesis. The interrelationship between these two types of host anti-graft response remains poorly understood. We have developed an immunosuppression-free mouse model of graft coronary artery disease (GCAD), in which all FVB (H-2q) cardiac allografts placed into minor Ag (mHC)-mismatched DBA/1 (H-2q) hosts survived more than 112 days, and developed GCAD. We then examined the kinetics of both anti-mHC alloresponse and host autoimmunity against heart-specific antigen, cardiac myosin (CM). At 8 days post-transplantation, recipient mice showed minimal intragraft inflammation and apoptosis, and limited expansion of allo-specific T cells. In addition, we observed early production of anti-myosin IgG1 autoantibodies, which occurred in the absence of activated CM-specific T lymphocytes. By day 56, GCAD indices, the numbers of mHC- and CM-reactive T cells, and the levels of circulating allo- and CM-specific antibodies were all significantly increased. While host alloresponse was exhausted at 112 days post-transplant, T-cell reactivity against CM persisted. Our data suggest that both allo- and tissue-specific immunity might contribute to the induction of GCAD. They indicate that continual autoimmune response against graft tissue antigens may provide for GCAD sustenance.
Moving Beyond “Isolated” Gene Patents

The U.S. Supreme Court decides that not all gene patents are alike—what does this mean for research, innovation, business, and patients?
An approximate rate equation analysis for bleaching and excitation of thermoluminescence

A set of kinetic differential equations relevant to the bleaching and excitation of thermoluminescence for the case of a single trapping state for electrons and a single variety of hole-recombination centre has recently been described and solved numerically. An approximate analytical solution to these equations is presented and the result compared with numerical solutions; good agreement between the analytical and numerical results is obtained. A simple analytical expression is given for the final equilibrium density of electrons at e-traps and the occupation number density of holes at r-centres, in terms of the initial densities of these carriers, and the recombination and trapping probabilities. These equilibrium values are found to be the same for both types of carrier. Furthermore, these equilibrium values do not have a very strong dependence on the incident irradiation intensity. The analysis also allows one, by a simple extension, to account for the wavelength dependence of the incident radiation. Other results that cannot be easily formulated with a purely numerical approach are also obtained. For instance, the conditions under which increases (excitation) and decreases (bleaching) in the electron density occur are given.
Effect of channel geometry on cell adhesion in microfluidic devices

Microfluidic channels coated with ligands are a versatile platform for the separation or enrichment of cells from small sample volumes. This adhesion-based mode of separation is mediated by ligand–receptor bonds between the cells and channel surface and also by fluid shear stress. This paper demonstrates how aspects of microchannel geometry can play an additional role in controlling cell adhesion. With a combination of computational fluid dynamics modeling and cell adhesion experiments, channels with sharp turns are shown to have regions with near-zero velocity at the turn regions where large numbers of cells adhere or become collected. The lack of uniform adhesion in the turn regions compared to other regions of these channels, together with the large variability in observed cell adhesion indicates that channels with sharp turns are not optimal for cell-capture applications where predictable cell adhesion is desired. Channels with curved turns, on the other hand are shown to provide more uniform and predictable cell adhesion provided the gap between parallel arms of the channels is sufficiently wide. The magnitude of cell adhesion in these curved channels is comparable to that in straight channels with no turns.
Performing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using colonoscopes: experience in 500 subjects

There is still controversy regarding the optimal length of flexible sigmoidoscopes. We performed screening distal colon examinations using 168-cm colonoscopes in 500 asymptomatic subjects who were unsedated and had sigmoidoscopy cleansing preparation. The mean depth of penetration was 66 cm and was similar in persons in whom the examination was discontinued because of poor preparation versus those with discomfort. Polyps were detected in 87 patients, but only 5 subjects had polyps detected above 60 cm. We conclude that in a group of unsedated subjects scheduled for flexible sigmoidoscopy after a sigmoidoscopy prep, the use of instruments longer than 60 cm gives very little additional yield.
Kitt Peak National Observatory's Intensified Image Dissector Scanner

The Intensified Image Dissector Scanner has been in routine use at Kitt Peak National Observatory for two years and has been used by astronomers to obtain accurate sky-compensated spectrophotometry of objects ranging in brightness from V = 10-22 mag. In this instrument, the output phosphor of a three-stage image intensifier is used as a temporary storage medium for incoming photon events. An image dissector tube is used to rapidly scan this output phosphor, and the detected events are accumulated in up to 2048 channels, half of which are normally used for simultaneous night-sky observations.
Intra-operative frozen section results reliably predict final pathology in endometrial cancer

Abstract Objectives Typically, complete surgical staging is necessary for patients with high-risk endometrial cancer. However, patients with low-risk disease may be able to avoid lymphadenectomy and its associated morbidity. We sought to evaluate the agreement rates between the intra-operative frozen sections (FSs) and the final paraffin sections (PSs) at our institution, and to determine if this was a reliable method for guiding our intra-operative decision-making with regard to the necessity of lymphadenectomy. Materials and methods 116 patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus or complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) underwent surgery at our institution. Demographic data, as well as information on stage, grade, histology and depth of invasion determined at FS and on PS were collected. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement rate between FS and final PS with regard to depth of invasion, grade, and histology. Results Our correlation rate between FS and final PS for histologic subtype, grade, and depth of myometrial invasion was 97.5%, 88%, and 98.2% respectively. Seven cases identified as complex atypical hyperplasia on FS were later determined to be cancerous on final PS, resulting in two patients being undertreated. Conclusions Our results support the use of FS analysis as a means to guide intra-operative decisions regarding lymphadenectomy. Determination of histologic subtype, depth of invasion and grade is reliable at our institution, and demonstrates high concordance rates between FS and PS. These factors should be used to guide intra-operative decision-making regarding the necessity of a lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial cancer.
Fat sites found

Serum albumin is one of the most investigated proteins of the last half-century. Yet, the specific locations and three-dimensional features of its fatty acid binding sites have eluded definition. A new X-ray crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with five molecules of myristate helps to solve the mystery.
Heavy fermions in LiV2O4: Kondo compensation versus geometric frustration

7Li nuclear magnetic resonance and heat capacity measurements were performed on the metallic spinel LiV2O4 down to 30 mK. The temperature dependencies of the linewidth, the Knight shift and the spin-lattice relaxation rate were investigated in the temperature range 30 mK≤T≤280 K and at applied magnetic fields of 4.6, 10, 44 and 83 kOe. The longitudinal nuclear magnetization was found to relax following a stretched-exponential form with a stretching exponent in the range 0.5<β<1. For temperatures T<1 K and at the lowest applied magnetic field of 4.6 kOe, we observe a spin-lattice relaxation rate which slows down exponentially, exhibiting a hindering barrier of the order of 1 K. This excitation energy separates different configurations of a highly degenerate ground state of a completely frustrated magnet.
The attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to erythrocytes from several animal species.

Abstract Attachment of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus to many species of erythrocytes requires sialic acid residues on the cell surface. Apart from bovine erythrocytes which are not agglutinated by EMC virus, different species of erythrocytes require different numbers of virions for hemagglutination. These differences are apparently not related to the sialic acid content of the erythrocytes or to the rate at which they bind virus but may be related to the total number of viral receptors available per cell.
Reduction of Myocardial Infarct Size in Swine: A Comparative Study of Intraaortic Balloon Pumping and Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass

Abstract This study compared intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) and transapical left ventricular (LV) bypass for their effectiveness in reducing infarct size in swine. In 28 pigs (25.4 ± 4.7 kg) the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated distal to the first diagonal branch. Nine animals served as controls. Nine animals were treated with IABP and the remaining 10, with transapical bypass. Ten animals—3 control, 3 IABP, and 4 transapical bypass—died prior to completion of the study, thereby resulting in 6 animals in each group. Both assist devices were begun 45 minutes after coronary ligation, this being as rapid as mechanical intervention could be accomplished in the patient after infarction. With transapical LV bypass, 70 to 100% bypass was accomplished and the LV systolic pressure remained in the range between mean aortic pressure and 30 mm Hg less than that. All animals were killed after 24 hours. The hearts were excised and stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, and infarct size was quantitated in grams of infarct per 100 gm of LV and septal mass. After 24 hours the mean aortic pressure was 73 ± 12 mm Hg in controls, 105 ± 20 mm Hg in animals with IABP ( p p p > 0.3). With transapical LV bypass, the infarct size was significantly reduced to 15.9 ± 3.5 gm per 100 gm ( p These results demonstrate that despite hemodynamic improvement with IABP, transapical LV bypass is necessary to markedly decrease myocardial work and significantly reduce infarct size.
Physostigmine reversal of drug-induced paradoxical excitement

Paradoxical excitement associated with intravenous conscious-sedation in a patient undergoing dental surgery was successfully reversed with 1.0 mg physostigmine. Physostigmine is felt to have exerted this effect by 2 mechanisms: the re-establishment of homeostasis in the CNS via augmented cholinergic pathways with the net result being thalamacocortical excitation, and cholinergically-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow increasing the rate of redistribution of the intravenous sedative agents used. The most commonly encountered side-effects of physostigmine used to reverse parodoxical excitement, emergence delirium, or prolonged narcosis are bradycardia, nausea, and/or vomiting. The incidence of these side-effects is low in doses, below 2.0 mg/70 kg. body weight.
Distribution of monoclonal antiferritin antibody in Kaposi's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma

The immunotherapeutic treatment of cancers using antibodies (naked or conjugated to a drug, toxin, or radionuclide) relies upon the preferential expression of a targeted antigen on the cancer cell compared to normal tissues. Polyclonal antiferritin antisera have shown selective distribution and therapeutic efficacy when radiolabeled in Hodgkin's disease and hepatoma. In this immunohistochemical study, we investigated the distribution of ferritin in tumors from 6 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 12 patients with Hodkgin's disease, and 9 patients with hepatoma, as well as in selected normal tissues. We found that the monoclonal antiferritin antibody binds primarily to histiocytes in samples from Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease. One hepatocellular carcinoma showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining with ferritin. Deposition of the monoclonal antibody was not detectable in the remaining hepatocellular carcinoma samples.
Another Chapter in the History of Bible Translation

N September 30, 1952 the Revised Standard Version of the Bible was introduced to the public with a tremendous advertising campaign and some 3,000 carefullyplanned Bible observances involving thousands of churches and hundreds of thousands of people. The first edition of the revision was sold out shortly after it appeared. The American public, churches, preachers, and scholars appeared to welcome the RSV with open arms. However, amidst the enthusiastic acclaim some dissident voices were heard. Pamphlets attacking the RSV began to appear at first in a trickle, then in a growing stream which reached its crest in 1953, finally dwindling to almost nothing in subsequent years. Some indication of the heated controversy which the RSV generated can be ascertained from the titles given to it by some of the critics: "A Sad Travesty," "The Devil's Masterpiece," "Modernism's Unholy Bible," "The New Communist Bible," and, in the words of T. S. Jackson, "this genius of modernism this frankenstein of the spirit this monstrosity erupted from the womb of hell."' As the pamphlets circulated, critics began to debate with one another.2 Some articles were scholarly and presented questions concerning particular aspects of the translation,3 but most of the criticism was not of this calibre. Critical presentations, written for the most part by non-specialists, were distributed in quantities which in some instances totalled tens of thousands, and reached into hundreds of communities across the nation in ways that led not only to debate but to confusion and discord. Many of the criticisms were answered in pamphlets published and circulated by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A., or by certain of its member denominations. The purpose of this article is to present the central issues that appear over and over again in more than two hundred pamphlets and articles studied. The criticisms were taken up in order of dates of publication (where known), and then according to topic. The chronological study made it clear that an attack beginning with the accusation that the National Council of Churches was "red" was extended to include the translators and then the RSV
Domain-specific entity extraction from noisy, unstructured data using ontology-guided search

Domain-specific knowledge is often recorded by experts in the form of unstructured text. For example, in the medical domain, clinical notes from electronic health records contain a wealth of information. Similar practices are found in other domains. The challenge we discuss in this paper is how to identify and extract part names from technicians repair notes, a noisy unstructured text data source from General Motors’ archives of solved vehicle repair problems, with the goal to develop a robust and dynamic reasoning system to be used as a repair adviser by service technicians. In the present work, we discuss two approaches to this problem. We present an algorithm for ontology-guided entity disambiguation that uses existing knowledge sources, such as domain-specific taxonomies and other structured data. We illustrate its use in the automotive domain, using GM parts ontology and the unit structure of repair manuals text to build context models, which are then used to disambiguate mentions of part-related entities in the text. We also describe extraction of part names with a small amount of annotated data using hidden Markov models (HMM) with shrinkage, achieving an f-score of approximately 80%. Next, we used linear-chain conditional random fields (CRF) in order to model observation dependencies present in the repair notes. Using CRF did not lead to improved performance, but a slight improvement over the HMM results was obtained by using a weighted combination of the HMM and CRF models.
A comparative study of child welfare systems: Abstract orientations and concrete results

Abstract A comparative analysis of child welfare systems in 10 countries identifies three broad functional orientations – child protection, family service and child development – around the problem definition, mode of intervention and role of the state: The changes in policies and practices since the mid-1990s suggest the possibility of functional convergence among these systems with moderate versions of the child protection and family service orientations incorporated within the more comprehensive approach of child development. An analysis of administrative data on one important outcome reveals that over the last decade nine of the 10 countries experienced an increasing rate of out-of-home placements. A critical examination of the data illustrates the necessity of determining how the rates are calculated, what is included in these counts and what the numbers signify to fully comprehend the implications of this trend.
Reduction of low-level current leakage in CMOS devices

The continuing trend toward smaller device feature sizes and the increasing demand for ever greater levels of reliability has resulted in an increased level of interest in the problem of low- level current leakage. Not only do previously acceptable levels of leakage become problematic at smaller device geometries, but a low-level of current leakage is a good overall indicator of device defectivity, and thus reliability. Experiments have been conducted in which a specific HF clean was observed to significantly reduce leakage in polysilicide CMOS devices. It is theorized that the HF clean removes contaminants located in the top 100 angstrom of the gate oxide over the source/drain regions. These contaminants are driven into the gate oxide during subsequent thermal processing and result in the creation of low-level current leakage sites. This paper describes the character of a current leakage problem encountered on a polysilicide CMOS device which has an extremely low current leakage specification (< 600 nA). The development and optimization of a process modification involving screen oxide and an HF clean which eliminated the source of low-level current leakage is presented. This process modification is currently in use in an industrial environment, is robust, reliable, and has resulted in a substantial increase in yield.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Musing on the Past 60 Years in Electrical Engineering Education [Point of View]

The author provides a personal memoire and reviews his 60 years in Control Systems engineering and engineering education.
A classical microscopic model of heavy-ion reactions

Abstract A classical microscopic model of heavy-ion reactions is presented. Each nucleus is taken to consist of seven equally charged nucleons interacting with one another through the Coulomb potential and a 6–12 potential to represent the nuclear interaction. The history of two such interactions is determined by numerical integration of the equations of motion. This model reproduces many of the features of nuclear reactions involving heavy ions : fully and partially damped scattering, orbiting, a relationship between final energy and scattering angle similar to that found experimentally, and the magnitude of angular momentum transfer to the fragments. Results at zero impact parameter suggest that there is a critical value η′ ( = Z 1 Z 2 e 2 h v′ ) that determines whether two nuclei fuse or scatter. The model fails in that it predicts too much fusion for non-zero impact parameters and predicts an erratic, oscillatory deflection function.
Stability and accuracy of spatial approximations for wave equation tidal models

Amplitude and phase characteristics for numerical approximations to the shallow water wave equation are obtained for linear and quadratic finite elements, for finite difference approximations, for non-constant bathemetry, and for uneven node spacing. Stability is shown to require non-zero friction as well as satisfaction of a Courant constraint. Lumping is shown to reduce the Courant constraint for stability while higher order and quadratic finite element approximations require a more restrictive constraint than their second order and linear finite element counterparts. The amplitude of the propagation factor for stable schemes and propagating waves is seen to be independent of the Courant number and type of numerical approximation. Although the higher order and quadratic schemes provide better propagation of the low and moderate frequency waves, the highest frequency waves (2Δx) are better propagated by low order numerical methods.
Patterns of japanese strategy: Strategic combinations of strategies

Japan's ‘miracle’ is an ongoing, evolving one. Along with the explosive rise of Japan's economic fortunes the number of theories about the business strategy of Japan's most successful firms, her Kaisha, is also exploding. The focus here is not on individual building-block strategic patterns but on: (1) linkages between the patterns, and (2) how (and why) some patterns may be combined to create even greater advantage. At the level of the firm a few basic themes are discussed and roughly modeled as a sequence, a ‘pattern of patterns’. It is argued that (in retrospect) several patterns of Japanese strategy have been (to differing degrees in different firms) parts of a larger, synergistic, internally logical, and powerful synthesis. The point is that additional strategic advantages can emerge for firms which think about how to link together strategic patterns. Evidence is offered illustrating these arguments and demonstrating one way Japanese patterns combine to form an integrated strategy.
A Differential Scanning Calorimetry study of the MClO4 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH4) system: Heats of crystal-structure transformations and other thermochemical data

Abstract The technique of Differential-Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been applied to measure the enthalpies of crystal-structure transformations in the MClO 4 ( M = Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH 4 ) system. The DSC results are discussed in the light of previous data reported in the literature on these compounds using other techniques. The measured-transformation enthalpies are used to calculate relevant thermochemical quantities pertaining to these transformations. New data showing the variation of heat capacity with temperature are presented for NH 4 ClO 4 and KClO 4 . It is shown that previous measurements have varying degrees of error either because of the inherent limitations of the measurement techniques or due to improper recognition of the effect of thermal decomposition and/or sublimation of the test samples.