cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental Perceptions of Overweight During Early Childhood

Prior to developing an overweight prevention program, researchers examined perceptions of overweight during early childhood among minority, low-socioeconomic status (SES) parents of preschoolers living in Hartford, Connecticut (USA). Content analysis of 10 focus groups (average size = 7) and 18 follow-up interviews revealed parents have a distorted, detached view of clinically defined overweight preschoolers, and they do not include weight in their definition of health. The result is a disconnect in communicating with health care providers regarding overweight during early childhood. Findings suggest that overweight intervention programs will be more effective by focusing on the main concern of parents, which is good health rather than weight. By developing new approaches to communicating the diagnosis and implications of overweight during early childhood, health providers are more likely to be able to work collaboratively with parents to prevent and treat overweight during early childhood.
Supporting Poor Single Mothers Gender and Race in the U.S. Welfare State

This article examines the uneven welfare support accorded to Black and white women at the end of the twentieth century. The author analyzes the generosity of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) benefits in the 48 contiguous U.S. states in 1970, 1980, and 1990 to determine if the state is less supportive of Black than white women. The author argues that the race-biased policies and procedures implemented with the inception and expansion of the welfare state remained throughout the program, resulting in uneven levels of support for Black and white families. More specifically, the author demonstrates that the generosity of AFDC is lower in states with a larger proportion of Black single mothers and higher in states with a larger proportion of white single mothers. These findings are relevant in the current period because such institutionalized race inequalities perpetuate white privilege and Black women's poverty.
A pinger system for the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring

Developers at the Proton Storage Ring have long desired a modulator and electrode combination capable of kicking the 800 MeV proton beam enough to conduct tune measurements with full intensity beams. To provide tune data at any time throughout the accumulation cycle, a pinger system has been developed. In addition, to tune data the system described here can provide a series of kicks synchronized with the area between bunches. A 4 m electrode has been designed and constructed for this purpose. The design is flexible in that the electrode may be split in the center and rotated in order to provide vertical and horizontal electrodes each 2 m long. In addition, two solid-state pulse modulators that can provide 10 kV in burst mode at up to 700 kHz have been purchased. This hardware and its intended use are described. >
Dawn of the Epi-LncRNAs: new path from Myheart.

Myheart is a cardiac specific long-noncoding (lnc) RNA with targeted modulation of chromatin modifying SWI/SNF complex via direct interaction with Brg1. Genetic induction of Myheart in mouse heart has a significant protective effect against the pathogenesis of heart failure. LncRNAs are emerging epigenetic regulators with potentially important roles in cardiac development and diseases.
Degenerative arthritis at the triscaphe joint.

The clinical presentation of triscaphe arthritis and the results of arthrodesis are presented. Twenty-one patients had triscaphe arthrodesis for treatment of arthritis of the triscaphe joint between 1972 and 1986. Seven also had rotary subluxation of the scaphoid and one had Kienbock's disease. Twenty patients were available for examination at an average of 5 years after operation. All had relief of pain and the average flexion-extension arc was 101 degrees. One patient had a nonunion successfully treated by refusion, and in two patients a dystrophy developed, which was relieved by a stress loading program. No progression of arthritis was seen elsewhere in the wrist.
Highly repeated sequences in mammalian genomes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and organization of mammalian, highly repeated sequences at the molecular level. There is a description of tandemly repeated sequences, that are, satellites, and the segments that are interspersed among other genomic DNA sequences. The methods for the analysis of repeated DNA sequences are measurement of DNA renaturation kinetics and isopycnic centrifugation in gradients of CsCl and CsSO4. Eukaryote genomes can be divided into classes of DNA sequences according to the reiteration frequency. Many highly repeated sequences are in long tandem arrays. Some repetitive sequences are dispersed throughout major portions of genomes amid either other repeated sequences or sequences present only once per genome, that are, uniquesequences. The characteristic organizational feature of satellites and cryptic satellites is the tandem repetition of a unit DNA sequence. Satellite arrays resist separation by isopycnic centrifugation and instead remain within the main density fraction of genomic DNA. The repeat unit and its tandem organization can be revealed by restriction endonuclease digestion.
An Agenda for Research in History: The History of Libya between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

It is perhaps premature to spell out priorities of research in the history of Libya, since bibliographies of what has already been written have not been systematically read, nor even adequately compiled and indexed. The following observations and analyses are, of necessity, based on a cursory reading in a list—compiled by the author on the history of the Arab world and Ottoman Empire (sixteenth through nineteenth centuries)—of some 500 studies done since the 1950s by Arab scholars and historians. The fifties are taken as the period which signalled the achievement of political independence by the Arab States. I realize that individual scholars will be able to make exceptions here or ther to the observations, generalizations, and criticisms which are made in this study. The very exceptions, however, point to the dearth of modern critical scholarship on the history of Libya from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. However, the exceptions which one could point out as models for research to be done, do not in and of themselves amount to trends in research. To date, available histories of Libya are, in the main, focused on political if not outright dynastic history. The focus is usually placed on the peculiarities and the anomalies of political history rather than the primary similarities which make for comparative history. In the remainder of this paper we offer a novitiate's priorities for research under five headings.
Simplifying quantum double hamiltonians using perturbative gadgets

Perturbative gadgets were originally introduced to generate effective k-local interactionsin the low-energy sector of a 2-local Hamiltonian. Extending this idea, we present gadgetswhich are specifically suited for realizing Hamiltonians exhibiting non-abelian anyonicexcitations. At the core of our construction is a perturbative analysis of a widely usedhopping-term Hamiltonian. We show that in the low-energy limit, this Hamiltonian canbe approximated by a certain ordered product of operators. In particular, this providesa simplified realization of Kitaev's quantum double Hamiltonians.
A general, mass-preserving Navier–Stokes projection method

Abstract The conservation of mass is a common issue with multiphase fluid simulations. In this work a novel projection method is presented which conserves mass both locally and globally. The fluid pressure is augmented with a time-varying component which accounts for any global mass change. The resulting system of equations is solved using an efficient Schur-complement method. Using the proposed method four numerical examples are performed: the evolution of a static bubble, the rise of a bubble, the breakup of a thin fluid thread, and the extension of a droplet in shear flow. The method is capable of conserving the mass even in situations with morphological changes such as droplet breakup.
An abstract game for each data structure: lightning talk

In order to engage students in a data structures course, combinatorial games can be used to elaborate and motivate each structure. In each project, students implement first the structure, then a player to choose moves in the game. Students pushed themselves to get to the game-playing stage, and learned to use the structures they'd implemented in order to choose legal and good moves.
Enriching Digitized Medieval Manuscripts: Linking Image, Text and Lexical Knowledge

This paper describes an on-going project of transcribing and annotating digitized manuscripts of medieval Spanish with paleographic and lexical information. We link lexical units from the manuscripts with the Multilingual Central Repository (MCR), making terms retrievable by any of the languages that integrate MCR. The goal of the project is twofold: creating a paleographic knowledge base from digitized medieval facsimiles, that will allow paleographers, philologist, historical linguist, and humanities scholars in general, to analyze and retrieve graphemic, lexical and textual information from historical documents; and on the other hand, developing machine readable documents that will link image representations of graphemic and lexical units in a facsimile with Linked Open Data resources. This paper concentrates on the encoding and cross-linking procedures.
MSG-Evoked c-Fos Activity in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Is Dependent upon Fluid Delivery and Stimulation Parameters

The marker of neuronal activation, c-Fos, can be used to visualize spatial patterns of neural activity in response to taste stimulation. Because animals will not voluntarily consume aversive tastes, these stimuli are infused directly into the oral cavity via intraoral cannulae, whereas appetitive stimuli are given in drinking bottles. Differences in these 2 methods make comparison of taste-evoked brain activity between results that utilize these methods problematic. Surprisingly, the intraoral cannulae experimental conditions that produce a similar pattern of c-Fos activity in response to taste stimulation remain unexplored. Stimulation pattern (e.g., constant/intermittent) and hydration state (e.g., water-restricted/hydrated) are the 2 primary differences between delivering tastes via bottles versus intraoral cannulae. Thus, we quantified monosodium glutamate (MSG)-evoked brain activity, as measured by c-Fos, in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS; primary taste nucleus) across several conditions. The number and pattern of c-Fos neurons in the nTS of animals that were water-restricted and received a constant infusion of MSG via intraoral cannula most closely mimicked animals that consumed MSG from a bottle. Therefore, in order to compare c-Fos activity between cannulae-stimulated and bottle-stimulated animals, cannulated animals should be water restricted prior to stimulation, and receive taste stimuli at a constant flow.
Eventually areally meanp-valent functions

Theorems concerning areally meanp-valent functions are extended to eventually areally meanp-valent functions. In particular, suppose\(p^{|\log d(x_1 ,x_2 )|\beta } \) is eventually areally meanp-valent in the unit disc,b, c are positive integers,a≧max {p−1, 0}. If |an|≦Cnα for alln=bm+c,m=1, 2, …, then |an|≦C′nα for alln. This is a marked extension of results due to Goluzin and to Hayman.
HIV nephropathy in children

The evaluation and management of children with HIV nephropathy provide a great challenge to the pediatric nephrologist caring for patients with this tragic illness, of which the nephropathy is only part of their problem and extends beyond the patient to the family and all of the supportive team involved. Care decisions should be based on a multi-disciplinary approach in which the infectious disease component is included. There are many areas that require a better understanding, particularly the pathogenesis of HIV nephropathy and the approach to treatment of the nephropathy with specific drugs. Early identification of children affected with this condition and an aggressive approach to management seem essential to the improvement of the outcome of these patients.
Statistical adaptive metric learning in visual action feature set recognition

Great variances in visual features often present significant challenges in human action recognitions. To address this common problem, this paper proposes a statistical adaptive metric learning (SAML) method by exploring various selections and combinations of multiple statistics in a unified metric learning framework. Most statistics have certain advantages in specific controlled environments, and systematic selections and combinations can adapt them to more realistic "in the wild" scenarios. In the proposed method, multiple statistics, include means, covariance matrices and Gaussian distributions, are explicitly mapped or generated in the Riemannian manifolds. Typically, d-dimensional mean vectors in Rd are mapped to a Rd×d space of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices S y m d + . Subsequently, by embedding the heterogeneous manifolds in their tangent Hilbert space, subspace combination with minimal deviation is selected from multiple statistics. Then Mahalanobis metrics are introduced to map them back into the Euclidean space. Unified optimizations are finally performed based on the Euclidean distances. In the proposed method, subspaces with smaller deviations are selected before metric learning. Therefore, by exploring different metric combinations, the final learning is more representative and effective than exhaustively learning from all the hybrid metrics. Experimental evaluations are conducted on human action recognitions in both static and dynamic scenarios. Promising results demonstrate that the proposed method performs effectively for human action recognitions in the wild. Display Omitted A statistical adaptive metric learning (SAML) is proposed to classify action features.SAML explores multiple statistic combinations for feature sets in different scales.Discriminative statistic subspace is learned by a unified metric learning framework.High competitive performances are achieved by SAML on five benchmark databases.
Clinical observation and nursing of brain injury in children

The data of 265 children with brain injury were analyzed retrospectively.It could be argued that effectual observation and nursing measures for children with brain injury can improve success rate and reduce mortality,avoid the occurrence of complications,reduce the level of disability.
An Integrated Interconnection Network Model for Large-Scale Performance Prediction

Interconnection network is a critical component of high-performance computing architecture and application co-design. For many scientific applications, the increasing communication complexity poses a serious concern as it may hinder the scaling properties of these applications on novel architectures. It is apparent that a scalable, efficient, and accurate interconnect model would be essential for performance evaluation studies. In this paper, we present an interconnect model for predicting the performance of large-scale applications on high-performance architectures. In particular, we present a sufficiently detailed interconnect model for Cray's Gemini 3-D torus network. The model has been integrated with an implementation of the Message-Passing Interface (MPI) that can mimic most of its functions with packet-level accuracy on the target platform. Extensive experiments show that our integrated model provides good accuracy for predicting the network behavior, while at the same time allowing for good parallel scaling performance.
Does the Presence of Social Agents Improve Cognitive Performance on a Vigilance Task

Humans are historically bad at performing cognitive tasks that require sustained attention. Social facilitation theory states that the real, imagined, or implied presence of other social agents can improve cognitive performance. Typically these agents are other humans, but the current study explores the possibility that robots can trigger social facilitation effects. We hypothesized that more humanlike social stimuli are (1) more likely to be ascribed internal states (e.g., having a mind, having emotions, having preferences), and (2) more likely to induce social facilitation on a vigilance task. Experiment 1 investigates the relationship between physical humanness and attributions of intentionality by comparing ratings of internal states for three agents (human, robot, and nonsocial). In Experiment 2, we examine whether physical humanness results in improved performance on a vigilance task through social facilitation. While Experiment 1 showed the expected positive relationship between human appearance and mind attribution, the degree to which mental states were attributed to an agent did not influence performance on the vigilance task. The implications for social robotics are discussed.
Liquid chromatographic-atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determination of methyl mercury in seafood: collaborative study.

A previously developed method that uses a simplified sample preparation procedure and atomic absorption detection of liquid chromatographic eluates for the determination of methyl mercury in seafood has been collaboratively studied. The unique feature of the method involves the use of a specially designed interface for the generation of mercury vapor. Methyl mercury is isolated from the blended sample by chloroform elution from a diatomaceous earth-hydrochloric acid column. The organomercury compound is then extracted into a small volume of 0.01M sodium thiosulfate solution. An aliquot of this solution is injected onto a Zorbax ODS column and eluted with methanol-ammonium acetate solution (3 + 2), pH 5.7, containing 0.01% mercaptoethanol. Mercury is detected by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the interface. The samples analyzed in the study were unspiked swordfish, unspiked and spiked lobster, and unspiked and spiked tuna. The spiked samples contained methyl mercury both above and below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guideline level of 1 microgram Hg/g. Reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 10.5% at 1 microgram Hg/g to 18.2% at about 0.1 microgram Hg/g. Accuracy, measured by comparison to reference values obtained by the Associate Referee, ranged from 94.4 to 99.6%. The method has been adopted official first action.
SU-F-T-407: Artifact Reduction with Dual Energy Or IMAR: Who's Winning?

Purpose: The purpose of this abstract was to evaluate the performance of commercial strategies for artifact reduction in radiation oncology settings. The iterative metal artifact reduction (Siemens iMAR) algorithm and monoenergetic virtual datasets reconstructed from dual energy scans are compared side-by-side in their ability to image in the presence of metal inserts. Methods: A CIRS ATOM Dosimetry Verification Phantom was scanned with and without a metal insert on a SOMATOM Definition AS dual energy scanner. Images with the metal insert were reconstructed with (a) a tradition single energy CT scan with the iMAR option implemented, using different artifact reduction settings and (b) a monoenergetic scan calculated from dual energy scans by recovering differences in the energy-dependence of the attenuation coefficients of different materials and then creating a virtual monoenergetic scan from these coefficients. The iMAR and monoenergetic scans were then compared with the metal-free scan to assess changes in HU numbers and noise within a region around the metal insert. Results: Both the iMAR and dual energy scans reduced artifacts produced by the metal insert. However the iMAR results are dependent of the selected algorithm settings, with a mean HU difference ranging from 0.65 to 90.40 for different options. The mean differences without the iMAR correction were 38.74. When using the dual energy scan, the mean differences were 4.53, that is however attributed to increased noise and not artifacts, as the dual energy scan had the lowest skewness (2.52) compared to the iMAR scans (ranging from 3.90 to 4.88) and the lowest kurtosis (5.72 for dual energy, range of 18.19 to 27.36 for iMAR). Conclusion: Both approaches accurately recovered HU numbers, however the dual energy method provided smaller residual artifacts.
The value of genomics in dissecting the RAS-network and in guiding therapeutics for RAS-driven cancers

The rise in genomic knowledge over the past decade has revealed the molecular etiology of many diseases, and has identified intricate signaling network activity in human cancers. Genomics provides the opportunity to determine genome structure and capture the activity of thousands of molecular events concurrently, which is important for deciphering highly complex genetic diseases such as cancer. In this review, we focus on genomic efforts directed towards one of cancer's most frequently mutated networks, the RAS pathway. Genomic tools such as gene expression signatures and assessment of mutations across the RAS network enable the capture of RAS signaling complexity. Due to this high level of interaction and cross-talk within the network, efforts to target RAS signaling in the clinic have generally failed, and we currently lack the ability to directly inhibit the RAS protein with high efficacy. We propose that the use of gene expression data can identify effective treatments that broadly inhibit the RAS network as this approach measures pathway activity independent of mutation status or any single mechanism of activation. Here, we review the genomic studies that map the complexity of the RAS network in cancer, and that show how genomic measurements of RAS pathway activation can identify effective RAS inhibition strategies. We also address the challenges and future directions for treating RAS-driven tumors. In summary, genomic assessment of RAS signaling provides a level of complexity necessary to accurately map the network that matches the intricacy of RAS pathway interactions in cancer.
HMS/FB Architecture and its Implementation

Properly architected holonic systems can enhance the ability of each set of players in the industrial automation and control market to deliver added value by encapsulating, reusing and deploying their specialized intellectual property at succeedingly higher levels of integration. Such an architecture expands on the HMS concept of cooperation domains to include both low-level control (LLC) and high-level control (HLC) domains. LLC refers to normal, non-holonic control and automation functions, while HLC refers to the integration of these functions into holons through the use of software agent technology. Function blocks, as defined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61499 series of standards, can be used for encapsulation, reuse, distribution and integration of both LLC and HLC functions, while HLC functionality can be standardized as defined by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA).
NTLV algorithm: Critical path analysis in connected vehicles using network tomography

In recent years, VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) has become a dominant platform to facilitate communication among vehicles. The special characteristics of VANET like frequently changing topology, frequent make and break of links and highly mobile vehicle nodes induces difficulty in evaluating network's performance. In this paper, one of the essential network performance parameters i.e. network delay is estimated and analyzed. We proposed a novel NTLV algorithm that utilizes network tomography technique to infer link delays along various paths in network. This analysis of link delays can be used by vehicle to choose the optimum RSU to connect with. Simulation of NTLV algorithm is performed using NS-2 simulator and the results are compared with DSR, DSDV and GLRV algorithms. The results show that NTLV algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of end-to-end delay and deliver ratio analysis.
Impact of sample size on false alarm and missed detection rates in PCA-based anomaly detection

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for anomaly detection, specifically by computing the distances of each point in the dataset to the (sample) subspace spanned by the principal components of the sample covariance matrix. Points with distances above a threshold are labeled as anomalous. Although it is typically unknown in practice, the distribution from which the sample is drawn has its own (population) subspace, spanned by the principal components of the distribution's covariance matrix, and the thresholded distances of each point in the dataset from this subspace determine the true labels of the points. It follows that the sample covariance matrix produces false alarms (points labeled anomalous that are not) and missed detections (points labeled non-anomalous that are). In this paper we study how the false alarm rate (FAR) and missed detection rate (MDR) depend upon the number of samples, focusing on the case where the sample points are drawn from a normal distribution with a covariance matrix having a single spike.
Exercise Training In Athletes With Heart Disease

Exercise events and sport participation have increased over recent decades. The average age of sports participants has also increased with a potential parallel increase in the number of exercise participants with both occult and diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD). Habitual physical activity and exercise training reduce atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk in a curvilinear fashion by affecting multiple ASCVD risk factors. Nonetheless, exercise also increases the risk of sudden cardiac death in both young and adult individuals with occult CVD making it important to balance the risks and benefits of exercise and exercise training in these individuals. There are essentially no carefully designed clinical trials to inform clinicians how to definitely manage athletes with occult CVD. We provide a narrative review of the risks and benefits of exercise in active individuals with CVD, and our approach to evaluating and managing these risks.
Analysis and stability of a silicon-based thermally actuated MEMS viscosity sensor

The proposed MEMS-technology viscosity sensor solves two major drawbacks associated with current state of the art MEMS viscosity sensors, such as: (1) Functional complexity and integration of external components for actuation and subsequent data acquisition; (2) Fabrication incompatibilities with CMOS processes. The proposed solution is based on thermally induced actuation, subsequent vibrations of a silicon plate, and, plate damping in the surrounding fluid. This vibration viscometer device utilizes thermal actuation through an in-situ resistive heater and piezoresistive sensing of vibration. The studied MEMS sensor structures and components utilize CMOS compatible materials and fabrication processes. This leads to affordable, high-yield and reliable systems. A technology-centric solution is verified, tested and characterized to demonstrate that sensor is capable of measuring viscosities in the range from 10 to 500 cP with less than 5% error. Long-term stability testing shows a frequency variation of less than 5% for more than 1×106 actuation cycles.
Facilitation of passive, avoidance acquisition in rats with septal lesions

The effects of septal lesions were investigated on a passive-avoidance type of task where quinine, rather than electric shock, was the aversive stimulus. Contrary to typical results with shock, rats with gross septal lesions were superior to controls in inhibiting their approach to, and consumption of, quinine. The results indicate the presence of at least two dissociable effects associated with septal lesions, one mediating response perseveration and the other more dominant one mediating quinine rejection.
Clinical Trials for Solid Tumors Using Electrochemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for a wide variety of cancers. However, response rates are usually low. In melanoma, for example, partial response rates range from 20-45 % with complete responses of less than 5% (1-4). The cell membrane can be a significant barrier for agents with an intracellular site of action. The inability to cross the cell membrane and enter the cell could lead to a low response rate. The effectiveness of these agents could be enhanced if combined with a procedure that increases the permeability of the cell membrane.
A geographic cline in the ability to self‐fertilize is unrelated to the pollination environment

The reproductive assurance (RA) hypothesis predicts that the ability to autonomously self-fertilize (hereafter, autonomy) in plants should be favored in environments where a lack of mates or pollinators limits outcross reproduction. Because such limits to outcrossing are predicted to be most severe at range edges, elevated autonomy in peripheral populations is often attributed to RA. We test this hypothesis in 24 populations spanning the range of Campanula americana, including range interior and populations at three geographic range edges. We scored autonomous fruit set in a pollinator-free environment and detected clinal variation—autonomy increased linearly from the southern to the northern edge, and from the eastern to the western edge. We then address whether the cline reflects the contemporary pollination environment. We measured population size, plant density, pollinator visitation, outcross pollen limitation and RA in natural populations over two years. Most populations were pollen limited, and those that experienced higher visitation rates by bumblebees had reduced pollen limitation. Reproductive assurance, however, was generally low across populations and was unrelated to pollen limitation or autonomy. Neither pollen limitation nor RA displayed geographic clines. Finally, autonomy was not associated with pollinator visitation rates or mate availability. Thus, the data do not support the RA hypothesis; clinal variation in autonomy is unrelated to the current pollination environment. Therefore, geographic patterns of autonomy are likely the result of historical processes rather than contemporary natural selection for RA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Translators’ Troubles: Seeking a Method that Suits the Bhāgavata Purāṇa

This paper discusses the particular challenges that face translators of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, a text that is unlike any other Purāṇa, due to its use of Vedic grammar, sophisticated poetry, and obscure vocabulary. How might one find a translation method that suits the Bhāgavata? The paper explores translation as a process of vernacularization and of commentary, but finally settles on a pedagogical approach. By conceiving of translation as an act of teaching, the paper argues, the translator is best able to model the Bhāgavata’s own methods—its tightly woven narrative structure, relentlessly focused message, and dialogical style.
The association between community-associated Staphylococcus aureus colonization and disease: a meta-analysis.

Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is a well-defined risk factor for disease in hospitals, which can range from minor skin infections to severe, systemic diseases. However, the generalizability of this finding has not been thoroughly investigated outside of the hospital environment. We aimed to assess the role of S. aureus colonization as a risk factor for disease in the community. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies and searched PubMed for articles published between December 1979 and May 23, 2016. We included cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that reported quantitative estimates of both S. aureus colonization and disease statuses of all study subjects. We excluded studies on recently hospitalized subjects, long-term care facilities, surgery patients, dialysis patients, hospital staff, S. aureus outbreaks, and livestock-associated infections. Our meta-analysis was performed using random-effects analysis to obtain pooled odds ratios (ORs) to compare the odds of S. aureus disease with respect to S. aureus colonization status. We identified 3477 citations, of which 12 articles on 6998 subjects met the eligibility criteria. Overall, subjects colonized with S. aureus were more likely to progress to disease than those who were non-colonized: (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.21–2.88, n = 7 studies). We observed a larger effect with methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization (7.06, 4.60–10.84, n = 7 studies). However, the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus colonization was not associated with greater odds of disease (1.20, 0.69–2.06, n = 4 studies). Heterogeneity was present across studies in all of the subgroups: S. aureus (I2 = 95.0%, χ2 = 120.3, p < 0.001), MRSA (I2 = 92.8%, χ2 = 82.8, p = p < 0.001), and MSSA (I2 = 86.3%, χ2 = 21.8, p < 0.001). While the majority of papers individually support the assumption that colonization is a risk factor for S. aureus disease in the general population, there is marked heterogeneity between studies and further investigation is needed to identify the major sources of this variance. There is a shortage of literature addressing this topic in the community setting and a need for further research on colonization as a focus for disease prevention.
3-FG as substrate for investigating flux through the polyol pathway in dog lens by 19F-NMR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE. To investigate flux through the polyol pathway in the dog lens by 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 19 F-NMR) spectroscopy, using 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-gluco (3-FG) as a substrate. METHODS. 3-FG metabolism was monitored by 19 F-NMR analysis. Dog lenses were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10 mM 3-FG. Enzymatic reductase and dehydrogenase activities were spectrophotometrically determined, whereas the analyses of 3-FG metabolites were conducted by 19 F-NMR analysis. Aldose reductase (AR) was immunohistochemically localized in dog lens with antibodies raised against dog kidney AR. RESULTS. 19 F-NMR spectra indicate that incubation of purified dog lenses AR with 3-FG results in the formation of 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-sorbitol (3-FS) and that incubation of dog liver sorbitol dehydrogenase (SI)H) with 3-FS results in the formation of 3-Fluoro-3-deoxy-D-fructo (3-FF). This confirms that 3-FG is metabolized to 3-FF by the polyol pathway enzymes. The affinity (K m ) of AR for 3-FG is ∼20-fold better than that for D-glucose, whereas the K m of SDH for 3-FS was fourfold less than for D-sorbitol. 3-FG in cultured dog lenses is metabolized primarily to 3-FS; however, small amounts of 3-FF and 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucont acid (3-FGA) are also formed. 3-FS formation was reduced by the AR inhibitor AL 1576, and 3-FF formation was eliminated by the SDH inhibitor CP-166,572. In dog lens epithelial cells cultured with 3-FG, only 3-FS is formed. Similarly, only 3-FS is formed when lens capsule containing primarily epithelial lens contaminated with superficial epithelial cells was incubated in 3-FG. Similar incubation of the remaining cortex resulted primarily in the formation of 3-FS and 3-FGA. This enzymatic distribution was confirmed by spectrophotometric activity analysis and the immunohistochemical localization of AR. CONCLUSIONS. The data confirm that flux through the polyol pathway primarily results in sorbitol accumulation. The absence of fructose and gluconic acid from cultured lens epithelium suggests that the epithelial cells primarily contain AR, whereas differentiated fiber cells also contain SI)H and glucose dehydrogenase.
Speedy R&D: How Beneficial?

As companies increasingly try to do more with less, one of the key prescriptions in the literature has been to employ practices that shorten time to market, including the time taken in R&D. This ar...
How Well Represented Are Women Orthopaedic Surgeons and Residents on Major Orthopaedic Editorial Boards and Publications

Background Recent studies indicate that women are substantially underrepresented as orthopaedic surgeons and residents compared with other specialties in medicine and medical school. The reasons for this are multifactorial and not completely understood, but previous studies suggest that women may be attracted to fields in which they have female role models. Given that women interested in academia and research may use female editorship and authorship as a proxy for female representation in orthopaedic surgery, we wanted to examine the proportion of women represented in orthopaedic journals and determine if it reflects the distribution of women in orthopaedic surgery as a field. We further wanted to understand if this representation has changed over time in the setting of a slowly shifting gender landscape within orthopaedic surgery. Questions/purposes (1) How are women orthopaedic surgeons and residents represented in orthopaedic journals compared with men? (2) Have these proportions changed in the past two decades in light of relatively new efforts to recruit women to the field of orthopaedic surgery? Methods The gender composition of editorial boards and first and last authors were obtained from the 1997, 2007, and 2017 volumes of the following journals: The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS), the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (JAAOS), and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® (CORR®). Gender neutral names were searched to obtain a picture to ensure proper tallies. Results The total combined amount of women first and last authors increased from 88 of 1450 (6%) in 1997 to 152 of 1912 (8%) in 2007 to 723 of 5391 (13%) in 2017. Similarly, three of 113 (3%) editorial board members were women in 1997, three of 105 (3%) were women in 2007 and 10 of 107 (9%) editors were women in 2017. Of note, 0 out of 9 editors-in-chief were women. Conclusions Based on the current percentage of women orthopaedic surgeons and residents, women are represented equally or in greater numbers as editors and authors in JAAOS, JBJS, and CORR. This may be in part due to women orthopaedic surgeons entering academic medicine at a greater rate than males. Clinical relevance Orthopaedic surgeons serving as mentors to prospective female applicants can cite female representation on editorial boards and as authors as an example of gender parity in the field. Additionally, active orthopaedic surgeons who are women interested in these leadership positions should be encouraged that these opportunities exist, regardless of gender.
Folded Dielectric Metasurface Platform for Compact Optical Systems

We present a compact folded metasurface optics platform that offers a low-cost and robust solution for the design and realization of compact optical systems. Specifically, we introduce the design and implementation of a miniature spectrometer and a hyperspectral imager as examples showcasing the platform potentials.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Setting of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia.

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare lymphoma caused by the overproduction of immunoglobulin M (IgM). The elevated level of IgM causes serum hyperviscosity, cold agglutinins, and cryoglobulinemia. Anemia is also present because of impaired production of erythrocytes. For these reasons, placing a patient with WM on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) requires careful preparation. In this case, the patient was a 73-year-old male with known Waldenstrom's disease who required coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This report details the perioperative considerations used for successful CPB on a Waldenstrom's patient. Critical to this case was the use of plasmapheresis before surgery. Temperature management and acid/base status were carefully controlled. A successful coronary revascularization surgery was performed. Many of the Wadenstrom's disease complications expected on CPB failed to materialize.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SINGING TO IMPROVE COUNTING ABILITY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS

The purpose of this study is to describe the process and learning outcomes through singing methods that can improve children's counting skills. The subjects of this action research were 13 children. This research method is an action research that refers to the Kemmis Mc Taggart action research model which consists of the stages of planning, action, and observation, and reflection. This research consisted of 2 cycles, where each cycle consisted of 8 meetings. Data analysis techniques used in this study are quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. Quantitative data analysis with descriptive statistics that compares the results obtained from the pre cycle, the first cycle, to the second cycle. Qualitative data analysis by analyzing data from the results of field notes, interview notes, and documentation notes with the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to counting through singing in which the average value in the pre cycle of 2.76 increased in the first cycle to be 3.38, and in the second cycle to be 5.07.
Being Research-Based and Research-Minded in Helping K-12 Mathematics Education (Survey)

This review paper provides the Rice University School Mathematics Project’s (RUSMP) insights into engaging in research in urban schools and school districts and other non-profit education centers. The paper elaborates on the questions of why the research is needed and how critical it is to help improve mathematics education in a metropolitan area such as Houston, home to many high-poverty urban schools and school districts. Featured research studies conducted by RUSMP and their implications for and impact on the education community are presented. This paper should guide mathematics faculty around the nation who are involved in pure mathematics research but may not be as familiar with education research in K-12 education, research, and outreach activities.
“Broken Parts”: Wide Sargasso Sea and the Poetics of Caribbean Modernism

The “vision of consciousness” that Guyanese writer Wilson Harris prescribed for the Caribbean novel in 1964 had already appeared in Jean Rhys’s fiction of the 1920s and 1930s. With the publication of Wide Sargasso Sea in 1966, that vision took an even more innovative form, marking the moment when, as Harris anticipated, “the monument of consolidation breaks down.” Out of the broken parts, a new Caribbean modernism emerged that portrayed instead the “fulfillment of character.” This chapter explores the direction Wide Sargasso Sea gave to the modernist currents that converged in the 1960s. These include an earlier modernism in which Rhys played a significant part. Rhys’s innovative prose offers a “vision of consciousness” that reveals the Caribbean as matrix for a more global modernism.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits associated with parvovirus B19.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is included in the group of dysproteinaemias causing renal disease. Only a minority of cases are associated with a haematological malignancy. Two cases have been linked to acute parvovirus B19 infections. We report a 36-year-old African-American woman who presented with renal dysfunction, proteinuria, haematuria and a kidney biopsy reported as PGNMID with IgG3-kappa deposits. Her evaluation for a haematological malignancy was unrevealing. Her parvovirus IgM and IgG levels were positive. The patient was initially treated with an ACE inhibitor and spontaneously remitted with minimal proteinuria after 1 month. Repeat parvovirus B19 serologies 6 months later showed persistent IgG and DNA by PCR positivity but IgM negativity. Given the clinical scenario, we believe that her PGNMID was induced by acute parvovirus B19 infection, which appeared to resolve once her acute infection abated. In this report, we describe our latest understanding of PGNMID.
A Family Affair

In this chapter, the author writes about the experience of Ruth, whose husband Charles suffered a cardiac arrest and survived. The event brought on considerable insecurity and fragility in Ruth and fear of the event repeating. The author also discusses how he arrived at the decision to implant a defibrillator, which at that time was a first-generation device requiring a thoracotomy and how it had saved his life.
Physician Interpretation of Data of Uncertain Clinical Utility in Oncology Prescription Drug Promotion

Background Little is known about how physicians interpret data displays that depict preliminary or exploratory clinical data in physician-targeted sales aids for oncology drugs. Using three factorial experiments, we examined whether disclosures of data limitations and clinical uncertainty adequately communicate the limitations and practical utility of this type of data. Subjects, materials, and methods The studies used a 2 (disclosure of data limitations: technical, nontechnical) × 2 (disclosure of clinical uncertainty: present, absent) + 1 (control: no disclosure) between-subjects experimental design to examine the impact of disclosures as they relate to presentations of preliminary or exploratory data in promotional communications for oncology products. In each experiment, we randomized oncologists and primary care physicians with oncology experience to view one version of a two-page sales aid. Following this exposure, physicians completed a web-based survey. The design was replicated in three concurrently conducted experiments using sales aids for different fictitious oncology drugs, each featuring one of three common data displays: a forest plot (n = 495), a Kaplan-Meier curve (n = 504), or a bar chart (n = 532). Results Results provide initial evidence that in some contexts disclosures can improve understanding of the clinical utility of certain information about a drug and the limitations of results presented in a data display. Disclosures can also temper perceptions of how much evidence is presented that supports a conclusion that the drug is an appropriate treatment. In terms of the language used in the disclosure of data limitations, physicians in all three experiments strongly preferred the nontechnical disclosures. Conclusion The findings from the three experiments in this study suggest that disclosures have the potential to increase relevant knowledge, but more research is needed to establish best practice recommendations for using disclosures to convey contextual information relevant for interpreting data displays in promotional communications. Implications for practice This article reports the results from three large, online experimental studies that address a growing concern that drug companies often share favorable clinical trial results with physicians in promotional materials that lack important context for physicians to interpret the data. This series of studies investigates whether strategic use of two types of disclosures (disclosure of data limitations and a disclosure of clinical uncertainty) improves understanding and reduces misinterpretations among physicians. The results from these studies help identify communication factors that impact how physicians critically appraise preliminary or exploratory clinical trial data to inform policy and regulatory efforts.
Green-lighting scripts in the movie pre-production stage: An application of consumption experience carryover theory

Abstract In the movie pre-production stage, movie studios have scarce information about the movie in planning to select and edit the right script that can be commercially successful. Given this constraint, we provide a procedure of predicting movie revenues in the movie pre-production stage. To utilize the contents of textual scripts as the primary information source, we theoretically predicate the procedure on the market’s collective consumption experiences with prior movies sharing similar content features with the new movie. We hypothesize that the market wants to enjoy not only certain content features again (as positive carryover effects), but also different content features (as negative carryover effects) in the new movie. Toward this end, we integrate two distinct components into our prediction procedure: (1) LIWC (a text-mining tool) and (2) the auto-Gaussian spatial model. Our empirical application demonstrates that our procedure outperforms select benchmark models in predictive accuracy.