cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Porcine Ovarian Cells Express Messenger Ribonucleic Acids for the Acid-Labile Subunit and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 during Follicular and Luteal Phases of the Estrous Cycle

It has recently been shown that, in follicular fluid, as in the circulation, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)-I and -II exist in a ternary complex with IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and the acid-labile subunit (ALS). The current study was designed to determine whether ovarian follicular and luteal cells could synthesize IGFBP-3 and ALS. Ovaries were collected, during the follicular and early luteal phases, from mature pigs whose cycles were synchronized with PGF2α. We studied IGFBP-3 and ALS messenger RNA (mRNA) by in situ hybridization. These transcripts were colocalized with aromatase mRNA, a marker of healthy granulosa cells. IGFBP-3 mRNA was equally expressed in granulosa cells of all growing follicles. In contrast, granulosa cell ALS mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.05) in preantral and small antral follicles than in large antral follicles. In thecal cells, expression of mRNA for IGFBP-3, ALS and cyclin D1 (a marker of cell proliferation) was restricted to healthy (aromatase-expressing) follicles. ...
Impact Forces From Jumping Depend on Jump Height

We thank Dr. Bassey for explaining the statement made in her earlier article regarding the measurement of ground reaction forces. Furthermore, we wish to take this opportunity to respond to her use of “high impact.” In her letter, Dr. Bassey states “Jumping produces high impact, even when the jumps are small and suitable for middle-aged and sedentary adults 8 cm high.” Impact exercise involves the application of force quickly (compared with resistance exercise), and, thus, typically produces relatively high loading rates compared with walking and resistance training. (1) However, we take issue with Dr. Bassey’s definition of “high impact” because, on a continuum, with walking being approximately 1 body weight at the ground and landings from gymnastics ranging from 12 to 18 body weights, 3‐ 4 body weights is not “high” but rather more in the low range of impact forces. Therefore, this type of two-footed jumping is a safe activity for most older adults because it is not high impact and most likely is
Late presentation of pylephlebitis after orthotopic liver transplantation.

This leads to the spread of bacteria and gas intothe portal and mesenteric venous systems through septicemboli affecting the main portal vein and, eventually, theportal triad. Patients usually present with nonspeciﬁcabdominal pain, fevers, and nausea/vomiting making thediagnosis of this entity difﬁcult. Treatment is antibioticsand correction of the underlying condition.
Rational design of hybrid dye-sensitized solar cells composed of double-layered photoanodes with enhanced power conversion efficiency

A uniquely structured dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated by assembling two photoanodes and one counter electrode in a single compartment. The two photoanodes have complementary roles in absorbing solar light at different wavelengths. The power conversion efficiency of the hybrid cell can reach 6.6%, which is significantly higher than that of the single cell. The rational design of the hybrid cell does not need an interconnecting layer as that is used in conventional tandem solar cells, leading to higher power conversion efficiency.
Rocket Observation of X-Ray Emission in a Solar Flare

FROM a dozen rocket flights scattered over the past seven years, we have obtained measurements of solar X-rays and far ultra-violet light that ionize the atmosphere above 70 km.1. These experiments revealed the emissions of a ‘quiet’ sun, since none of the flights chanced to coincide with a solar flare. Briefly summarized, the results showed that the sun normally radiates sufficient X-ray energy between 10 A. and 100 A. to account for the E-region (100–140 km.). When coronal green- and red-line activity was high, X-ray intensities were observed to be correspondingly high and included wave-lengths shorter than 10 A. In the ultra-violet, the most prominent emission line observed in the solar spectrum was the Lyman α-line of hydrogen at 1216 A. This one emission line accounted for normal D-region ionization between 70 and 90 km. Within this narrow altitude-range of the ionosphere occur nearly all the effects that come under the heading of ‘sudden ionospheric disturbances’ (S.I.D.).
Treatment of minimal breast cancer

Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 162 patients with minimal breast cancer between 1953 and 1972 (JAU). The majority of lesions were small infiltrating cancers (52), non-infiltrating duct cancer (37), lobular carcinoma in situ (49), Paget's disease with non-infiltrating cancer (12), and also a small group of miscellaneous low-grade cancers (7), and malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes (5). Major indications for surgery were the presence of a mass, nipple ulceration, positive mammograms, and the discovery of an occult cancer on contralateral biopsy. Mammography was accurate in 60% of patients with minimal breast cancer. Contralateral biopsy proved to be a very sensitive diagnostic technique, and was positive in 35 patients, most of whom were negative by clinical examination and mammography. Residual cancer was found in the mastectomy specimens in 52% after generous excisional biopsies. Sixteen percent of patients with minimal infiltrating cancer and clinically negative axillae had micrometastases (2mm or less) in axillary nodes. The crude survival rate free of disease was 93 of 95 patients (98%) at 5 years, and 42 of 44 patients (95%) at 10 years. There were no local recurrences. No postoperative radiation was used on these patients. Modified radical mastectomy is recommended as the ideal treatment for minimal breast cancer as it yields excellent long term salvage, complete local control, and is more acceptable cosmetically than the classical radical mastectomy. It is to be preferred over extended lumpectomy (tylectomy) with radiation therapy since it avoids the potential long-term carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation. The excellent results obtained by adequate treatment of minimal breast cancers attest to the need for reliable mass screening techniques to detect occult, asymptomatic breast cancer, and for the availability of these techniques to the public at large.
Midlatitude sporadic-E layers and vertical metallic ion drift profiles

Abstract An investigation of the relationship between the occurrence of midlatitude sporadic-E layers and convergent points in the ion drift profiles has been made using the 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar at the Arecibo Observatory. Electron concentration profiles were obtained using a 13 baud Barker coded pulse yielding 600 m range resolution, while a 5-pulse sequence with 2.4 km range resolution was used to obtain line-of-sight ion drift velocities. With some exceptions, observed sporadic-E layers occur near convergent points in the vertical metallic ion drift profile, and vertical motions of these layers follow the vertical motions of the convergent point. Vertical motions and intensity variations of observed sporadic-E layers are due to interaction between the mean wind, tidal waves, and gravity waves of different periods producing a predominantly downward motion of the layer. However, a sudden increase in the altitude of a sporadic-E layer has been observed. This is attributed to the disappearance of the convergent point—releasing the layer—followed by an ascent of the layer to the closest overlying convergent point.
On the mechanism of catalytic alkene oxidation by molecular oxygen and halogenated iron porphyrins

Abstract The halogenated porphyrin, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyriato-iron(III) chloride, [Fe(TFPPBr8)Cl], catalyzes the oxidation of cyclohexene in the presence of molecular oxygen or iodosobenzene. With PhIO, 77% epoxide is observed, consistent with a mechanism involving a high-valent metal-oxo species. With dioxygen, however, allylic alcohol and ketone are observed, suggesting a different mechanism. The relatively high activity of the [Fe(TFPPBr 8 )Cl] O 2 system suggests that the reaction involves the formation and decomposition of alkyl peroxides.
Effect of Soft Phase on Magnetic Properties of Bulk Sm–Co/ $\alpha$ –Fe Nanocomposite Magnets

Bulk Sm-Co/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets were fabricated by high energy ball milling and subsequent quick hot-pressing. Three different parameters were investigated which are soft phase content, type, and distribution. The effect of Fe soft phase content on the magnetic properties of the final bulk samples was examined. Increasing the Fe content significantly increased the saturation magnetization but at the cost of reduced coercivity. The optimum Fe addition for the highest maximum energy product was determined to be 15 wt% under the present processing conditions. Besides pure Fe a Fe49Co49V2 powder was also studied as a soft phase addition. The results indicated that FeCoV powder was more readily alloyed with the Sm-Co phase during the milling procedure. For the final bulk magnets, nanoscale Fe particles existed in Sm-Co matrix with pure Fe addition, but with Fe49Co49V2 addition the soft phase particles were undetectable. Two methods for adding soft phase Fe into hard phase SmCo5 were utilized. The investigation showed that milling Fe and SmCo5 together resulted in a more uniformly distributed mixture of nanoscale soft phase particles, improved squareness of the demagnetization curves of bulk nanocomposite magnets, and higher (BH)max as compared to blending Fe with SmCo5.
MRI Analysis of Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Early Osteoarthritis Knee Patients for Uni-Condylar Knee Potential

Over the past several decades, Magnetic Resonance Imagining has become a standard in cartilage thickness analysis (Gray 2008, Potter 2006). However, MRI analysis has not been used to indicate patients with early osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage changes for early intervention procedures (EIP) such as grafts or minimally-invasive unicondylar knee replacements. The objective of this study is to examine the viability of using MRI to identify early osteoarthritis of articular cartilage and identify the affected areas in a clinical setting. Based on the results of studies previously conducted in this lab, along with the fact that the majority of axial loading in the knee occurs during the impact phase of walking, we expect to find the majority of lesions to be localized to the distal femur, with the posterior condyles remaining largely intact.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Provider and Practice Characteristics Associated with Use of Rapid HIV Testing by General Internists

BACKGROUND Rapid HIV testing could increase routine HIV testing. Most previous studies of rapid testing were conducted in acute care settings, and few described the primary care providers’ perspective.
Commercial Influences in Popular Literature: An Empirical Study of Brand Name Usage in American and British Hit Plays in the Postwar Era

This article examines the impact of commercial practices on popular American and British literature by analyzing the usage made since World War II of brand names and generic names in the scripts of a selected set of hit plays performed on the New York stage and the London stage. Taken together with the results of an earlier study on popular American novels, the findings lend support to the charges of increasing commercial influence in the popular literature of the postwar era. The findings also underscore the significance of earlier conceptualizations such as “word-of-author advertising” as well as commercial and non-commercial forms of materialism.
Source localization of two evoked magnetic field components using two alternative procedures

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of two methods in assessing the location of the sources of the N100 and P200 components of evoked magnetic fields (EMFs) to transient tone stimuli. EMFs to left ear stimulation, containing both components, were recorded over the right hemisphere of six normal subjects. The magnetic scalp distributions calculated at several adjacent time points, covering the duration of each component's peak, were used to estimate the source parameters of each component. Good estimates of the source of both components were obtained from all magnetic field distributions. The averaged spatial parameters derived from all distributions of each component as well as the parameters derived from the distribution that gave the best source estimate for each component were projected onto magnetic resonance images of subject's head. It was found that the source of each component is located on the superior surface of the temporal lobe and that the source of the P200 component is anterior to the N100 source in all subjects using both procedures.
Explaining groupthink: Do the psychological characteristics of the leader matter?

Do psychological characteristics of leaders affect groupthink? This paper investigates the extent to which presidents’ Conceptual Complexity, Belief in Ability to Control Events, and Need for Affiliation affect foreign policy decision making structures and processes in 19 Cold War crises. Independent variables are derived from personality‐at‐a‐distance techniques using presidential press conferences. Comparative data on the presidential characteristics produce several findings including Truman's low conceptual complexity, Johnson's high belief in his ability to control events, and Nixon's low trait stability. Only Conceptual Complexity is strongly linked to groupthink phenomena using OLS regression equations, though there is directional support for the link for Affiliation and Control. Using one‐way ANOVA tests to further investigate these latter two variables we find that those with the highest Affiliation and Control scores average more indicators of groupthink in their decision‐making processes than th...
Raman scattering activities for partially-oriented systems: the case of a unique molecular symmetry axis perpendicular to the uniaxial direction

Abstract Raman scattering activities have been derived for the case where the system has uniaxial order imposed on it, but the molecular or factor group's axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the uniaxial direction. The symmetry axis has random ordering about the uniaxial direction around which orientation averaging is done. The expressions for the scattering activities in the molecular co-ordinate system are related to a fixed laboratory co-ordinate system. This is carried out for the three orthogonal orientations of the sample in right-angle and back-scattering geometries.
Sodium cromoglycate in ragweed-allergic conjunctivitis

Sodium cromoglycate (SCG), in a 4% solution instilled into each eye 4 times daily, was compared with placebo in a double-blind, noncrossover trial in 30 matched patients with troublesome ragweed pollen-induced conjunctivitis. In the SCG group, eye symptom scores were significantly less (p = 0.05), and all patients judged that their symptoms were improved over the previous year (p less than 0.05). Less antihistamine was used by the SCG group but the difference was not significant. It was concluded that SCG was effective in the treatment of ragweed-induced seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
Durability enhancement of Nafion® fuel cell membranes via in situ sol-gel-derived titanium dioxide reinforcement

To improve durability of Nafion® membranes, samples were modified via an in situ sol-gel polymerization of titanium isopropoxide to generate titania quasi-networks in the polar domains. The incorporated titania reduced water uptake but equivalent weight was essentially unchanged. Fuel cell performance of the modified membrane was inferior to that of the unfilled membrane although these were considered as model studies with focus on mechanical durability. Mechanical analysis of contractile stress buildup during drying from a swollen state in samples clamped at constant length demonstrated considerable reinforcement of Nafion® by the titania structures. Tensile studies showed that at 80°C and 100% relative humidity the dimensional change of the composite membrane is one half and the initial modulus is three times higher than that of the unmodified membrane. During an open circuit voltage decay test the voltage decay rate for the modified membrane is 3.5 times lower than that of control Nafion®. Fluoride emission for the composite is at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the control Nafion® membrane indicating reduced chemical degradation. These model studies indicate that this in situ inorganic modification offers a way to enhance fuel cell membrane durability by reducing both physical and chemical degradation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The Reciprocal Effects of Brand Equity and Trivial Attributes

Abstract Brands increasingly introduce products with attributes that fail to provide consumers with meaningful benefits (i.e., trivial attributes). The authors present two experiments that examine the effect of brand equity on consumer valuation of such trivial attributes and the reciprocal effect that such a strategy may have on brand equity. The results show that both high and low equity brands benefit from offering an attractive trivial attribute in the absence of a disclosure of its true value. However, prechoice disclosure of an attribute’s triviality heightens the role of the brand and context cues. Competing low equity brands benefit by sharing the trivial attribute with a higher equity brand, whereas competing high equity brands benefit from uniquely offering a trivial attribute. Postchoice revelation that an attribute is trivial hurts the subsequent ability of a low but not a high equity brand to differentiate in a new product category, particularly among subjects who had previously chosen the ta...
Teacher Behavior and the Reading Performance of Below-Average Achievers.

AbstractThis study was an effort to determine the influence of teacher verbal behavior upon the language skill development and attitudes of below-average achievers. Elementary students identified as achieving two or more grades below their normal level were administered the Metropolitan Achievement Test and the Pupil Attitude Inventory. The students were grouped according to the type of verbal behavior their teacher manifested. Analysis of covariance was used, covarying on pre-achievement, to test the hypothesis that students taught by indirect teacher behaviors had greater language skill development and more positive attitudes than those taught by direct teacher behaviors. The results of this study confirm this hypothesis.
Discovery of hidden maintenance opportunities in automotive assembly lines: MOW and GMOW

In manufacturing systems, many maintenance tasks require equipment to be locked out for safety. However, such stoppage might directly cause short-term production losses although maintenance is performed to increase the long-term system reliability. In this paper, we investigate how long we can strategically stop equipment for maintenance during production operating without affecting system throughput. We extend the concept of maintenance opportunity windows (MOWs) to various system configurations and introduce a new concept of group maintenance opportunity windows (GMOWs). GMOW is the maximum time window that allows to perform a group maintenance without jeopardizing the flow of a production line. Moreover, we also provide how to calculate MOW and GMOW via simulations which can deal with uncertainties in production lines, such as random machine failures, starvations, blockages, etc.
ED50 determination and histological characterization of porcine dermal lesions produced by 1540-nm laser radiation pulses

The military and industry are using 1540 nm laser systems for which current consensus safety standards are misleading. Threshold, ED 50 , exposure data, along with mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction need to be more accurately determined. Recent studies within our group indicate the Yucatan mini-pig is a more applicable animal model for laser induced skin injury investigators. Laser delivery is accomplished using an Er:Glass system producing 1540 nm of light at millisecond exposure times and in the range of 17 to 77 J/cm 2 . Dermal lesion development is evaluated for acute, 1 hour, and 24 hour post exposure presentation. Preliminary data obtained from dermal exposures indicate a difference in ED 50 for Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs. In the Yucatan mini-pig erythematous lesions are formed acutely while in the Yorkshire, lesions are seen at 24 hours. Preliminary data indicates that lesion development occurs at or near the basal layer of the epidermis causing nuclear pyknosis, cellular swelling and loss of cellular detail. Contrary to the theory that water absorption is the primary mechanism of dermal tissue damage observed from 1540 nm laser exposures, skin chromophores appears to play a role in lesion development.
An active interconnecting mechanism for free-space optic applications

In this paper, a new method for interconnecting free-space micro-optoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) devices is developed. The heterogeneous design and assembly concept is demonstrated by a pair of V-shape actuators and related assembly mechanism, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. A two-channel free-space DWDM filter has been assembled and characterized. The results show low insertion losses. The device architecture allows hybrid optical system integration on a single platform. The assembled optical devices can be made of different materials, on different substrates and/or with incompatible fabrication techniques. The integration platform provides potentials for realizing a micro optical bench with equivalent optical performance that currently require bulk optics setups.
Actinomycin D and the regulation of enzyme biosynthesis during development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Actinomycin D, when added to differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum cells, completely inhibits synthesis of ribosomal RNA but only partially inhibits synthesis of mRNA. Hence, earlier experiments using this drug, which indicated that the period of synthesis of mRNAs for several developmentally regulated enzymes preceded the period of translation by several hours, must be re-evaluated. We show here that a combination of actinomycin D and daunomycin does rapidly inhibit synthesis of mRNA; also there is a rapid and complete inhibition of biosynthesis of the three developmentally regulated enzymes studied. One interpretation of these results is that translation of mRNA follows closely upon synthesis of the mRNA, and that the primary control of protein biosynthesis during Dictyostelium development is at the level of mRNA transcription.
Low-cost microcomputing: The personal computer and single-board computer revolutions

Personal computing is one of the most revolutionary applications of microprocessors; single-board computing is another. The origins of both applications are traced and current products and services described in a tutorial fashion. Trends are forecasted and conclusions drawn about these two low-cost computing revolutions.
Bureaucracy in Research: A Study of Role Conflict of Scientists

In the last two decades, a great deal of research has been conducted on the problems of managing, utilizing, and motivating "professional" technical resources in complex bureaucratic organizations. Results of studies of scientists are usually mixed up with those of studies of engineers and other groups of technical manpower, and the net outcome is some generalizations about "professionals" with no clear distinction between these groups.This paper reports on a study conducted to inquire into the role perception of scientists working in the research laboratory of a leading industrial organization as a group distinct from engineers. Specifically, the research reported here seeks to determine the sources, frequencies, and magnitudes of conflicts which are perceived to exist between industrial scientists and the typical bureaucratic organization employing them. Moreover, it attempts to pinpoint the elements of the structure that are causing trouble and seeks to prescribe some operational remedies to deal with ...
Complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy: intraabdominal abscess

The development of intraabdominal abscess (IAA) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is an important problem. It is a common cause of readmission to the hospital following discharge. Rates of IAA do not appear to depend on whether the pancreas is anastomosed to the stomach or jejunum, nor whether a duct-to-mucosa or invagination technique is used. Most surgeons favor the use of closed-suction drains after PD. The use of fibrin glue sealant does not appear to reduce the rate of IAA. The use of preoperative biliary stenting increases wound infection rates, but not IAA rates. The use of internal and external pancreatic duct stents with PD to prevent IAA have yielded mixed results.
Effects of well width and growth temperature on optical and structural characteristics of AlN/GaN superlattices grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

AlN/GaN superlattices (SLs) employing various well widths (from 1.5 to 7.0 nm) are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique at various growth temperatures (TS) (from 900 to 1035 °C). The photoluminescence (PL), x-ray diffraction, and intersubband (ISB) absorption characteristics of these SLs and their dependency on well width and growth temperature are investigated. Superlattices with thinner wells (grown at the same TS) or grown at lower TS (employing the same well width) are shown to demonstrate higher strain effects leading to a higher PL energy and ISB absorption energy. Simulations are employed to explain the experimental observations. ISB absorptions from 1.04 to 2.15 μm are demonstrated via controlling well width and growth temperature.
Design Of X-Ray Optical Systems To Perform In Pulsed, High Flux X-Ray Environments

Simple analytic and semianlytic models have been developed to estimate the useful lifetime of multilayer X-ray optics in pulsed, high x-ray flux environments. Analytic models are used for the reflectivity and absorption for arbitrary angle of incidence to calculate the absorbed power. The absorbed x-ray flux is converted to a temperature rise via the material enthalpy. Estimates of the effects of energy transport within the multilayer and of various mechanisms, which can effect multilayer performance are discussed.
Note on ultrasonic tomography

Ultrasonic tomography is being explored as a potential tool to map residual stresses in solids. The angular scanning required in tomography imposed limitations on the stress configuration adaptable to such a treatment. These are discussed in the following note.
Trilayer ZnO Thin-Film Transistors With In Situ ${\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ Passivation

In this letter, we report trilayer ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with in situ Al2O3 passivation fabricated using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. The bottom-gate, top-contact TFTs use an Al2O3-ZnO-Al2O3 trilayer deposited in one deposition run at 200°C that provides protection for the active layer back surface with no extra passivation step. Compared with Al2O3 passivated, nontrilayer ZnO TFTs, these trilayer devices have similar field effect mobility, but more positive turn-on voltage and improved bias stability. Seven-stage trilayer ZnO TFT ring oscillators operated at 3.5 MHz at a supply voltage of 17 V, corresponding to a propagation delay of ~ 27 ns/stage.
Psycholegal issues in juveniles’ competency to waive their rights

Abstract While there has been a recognition of “special problems”; with waivers of rights by juvenile respondents, the courts have generally not presumed juveniles to be incompetent to waive rights. Psychological research suggests that many juveniles do not comprehend the applications of their rights and the advocacy role of their attorneys. The legal and psychological literatures are discussed in terms of their implications for forensic evaluations of juveniles.
Replica-molded high-Q polymer microresonators

Ultrahigh-Q microtoroids on a chip are applied as replication masters to demonstrate replica-molded high-Q microresonator arrays. Replica Q factors are nearly material loss limited, affirming the integrity of the replication process, and are as high as 5×10 6, or nearly a factor of 40 greater than previous polymer-based devices. Because the molding process is nondestructive, both the master and the molds can be reused. Additionally, by using a novel optical polymer (Vicast), we demonstrate storage of high-Q microresonators in the mold for weeks, providing a method to preserve the whispering-gallery Q factor.
Responses of the skin to rubefacients.

Rubefacients may be defined as substances which on application to the skin produce redness. Although such preparations have long since found their way to lay popularity, they have thus far been found of little scientific interest. Recently however, evaluation of newly developed nicotinate rubefacient preparations has indicated their possible value to the dermatologist. We therefore have appraised the comparative efficacy of certain rubefacient preparations. We also sought to determine the effect of various concentrations of certain rubefacients on the skin.
MEASURING THE VALUE OF HOUSEHOLD OUTPUT: A COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT APPROACHES

Economists have traditionally measured household production (HP) by multiplying hours spent by a wage rate. This practice tends to misstate HP by ignoring the contribution of capital and entrepreneurship and by making questionable marginal productivity assumptions. Quantifying the HP and multiplying by the market value per unit avoids these problems and yields a value estimated by the same method as GNP. We measure HP by this direct method and find HP to be 44 percent more than that obtained by the traditional approach. We further make average productivity comparisons between firms and households for typical HP items.
Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Postmortem findings in twenty-four cases.

Autopsy results on twenty-four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma were reviewed. At postmortem, 29% of patients had evidence of visceral Kaposi's sarcoma without skin lesions, The most common sites for visceral involvement with Kaposi's sarcoma were as follows; lung (37%), gastrointestinal tract (50%), and lymph nodes (50%), At the time of death, only 25% of patients had evidence of cutaneous disease alone, The patients survived up to 36 months after the diagnosis of AIDS was made according to the specific diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control. Many of the patients had severe, disseminated infections during the course of their AIDS illness. The most common infections diagnosed during the patients' clinical courses and/or at autopsy were cytomegalovirus (75%), candidiasis (50%), Mycobacterium avitun intracellulare (50%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (50%), bacterial pneumonia (33%), and herpes simplex virus (29%), Nearly 80% of the deaths were attributed to infection. In only one case was overwhelming Kaposi's sarcoma determined to be the cause of death.
Pathogen removal from urban pond outflow using rock biofilters

Abstract Urban ponds provide a range of unique environmental services, but their setting commonly results in microbial contamination, which can pose a threat to human and ecological health. In an effort to protect receiving waters from microbial contamination, this study evaluated the effectiveness of triplicate horizontal-flow rock biofilters (rock diameter, 2–3 cm; area, 0.45 m 2 ; hydraulic retention time, 50 min) to remove low levels of fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli. ( Oedogonium spp . Algae activity in biofilters produced peak afternoon dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations as high as 18 mg/L and pH values above 8.5. Levels of areal chlorophyll (42 and 80 mg/m 2 ) and gross productivity (4.5 and 6.1 g O 2 /m 2 /d) were equivalent to a mesotrophic stream. Biofilters were effective in removing FC from an average of 262 cfu/100 mL to 98–140 cfu/100 mL ( n = 13) and E. coli from an average of 243 cfu/100 mL to 96–110 cfu/100 mL ( n = 5). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between DO and pH and FC removal in biofilters, possibly because of the ability of oxygen and hydroxide to enhance sunlight-driven inactivation of pathogens. Results showed that rock biofilters, a very simple and inexpensive ecotechnology, are capable of polishing mildly microbially polluted waters to levels below criterion for the protection of surface waters.
Studies on the Mechanism of Mucin Secretion by Cells of the Porcine Tracheal Epithelium

AbstractThe effects of selected pharmacological agents on mucin secretion by the tracheal epithelium of piglets were studied using organ culture. Mucin release into the culture medium was reduced, and mucin retention by secretory cells of the mucosa and submucosal glands was increased, by colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, and cytochalasin B. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no significant effect. Although these agents have diverse and poorly understood influences on cell functions, the results suggest a possible role for mi-crotubules and microfilaments in the intracellular movement and release of mucin.
A cognitive beamforming array

This paper presents our design of a cognitive beamforming array that can be used for communications and RF mapping. This novel approach is through joint frequency and spatial scan to establish both spatial and spectral knowledge of the local environment. With this information, we are able to establish the optimal frequencies and beam patterns to exploit the current environmental situation, including adding beam pattern nulls if required. This design is an effective solution in the common situation where strong interferences and spectral congestion is present and could affect system performance. Our cognitive beamforming array is able to then maintain communications while simultaneously tracking user locations and updating its knowledge of the spectral situation. The response of this system to different scenarios was explored through the use of Matlab simulations prior to hardware implementation of the system. This array system will also help to open up new opportunities for national security and defense, economic development and address pressing social needs in underserved areas in addition to advances in related areas, such as RF localization techniques.
Blockade of the glycine modulatory site of NMDA receptors modifies dynorphin-induced behavioral effects.

Abstract Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the opioid dynorphin causes neurological dysfunction and tissue damage. It has been suggested that these effects of dynorphin may be mediated, in part, by N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In the present studies, recently developed compounds that block the glycine potentiation site of the NMDA receptor (Gly-NMDA site), including the competitive antagonist 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid and the non-competitive antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid, prevented the neurologic deficits and mortality caused by i.t. dynorphin A(1–17). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dynorphin-induced neurological dysfunction involves activation of NMDA receptors. Moreover, blockade of the Gly-NMDA site may provide an alternative to blockade of the glutamate binding site or NMDA receptor ion channel as an in vivo pharmacological strategy to treat conditions previously associated with excitotoxin mediated tissue injury.
Probing the interaction of polyphenols with lipid bilayers by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Polyphenols are bioactive natural products that appear to act against a wide range of pathologies. Mechanisms of activity have not been established, but recent studies have suggested that some poly...
HEPATIC BILIRUBIN GLUCURONIDATION IN THE HUMAN FETUS

Direct information concerning the fetal development of bilirubin glucuronidation in man has been lacking. Both the activity of the conjugating enzyme, bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) and the availability of the substrate, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) may affect hepatic bilirubin glucuronidation. Assays of UDPGT and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) were performed in the livers of dead aborted human fetuses and the results were compared with values obtained in normal adults. Hepatic UDPGT activity (unit = μg bilirubin conjugated/gm liver/hr in 2 fetuses, aged 17 and 22 weeks was 140 and 220 units, respectively and in 7 fetuses, aged 11-19 weeks was less than 100 units (normal adult = 600-2,000 units). Hepatic UDPGD activity (unit = ηmoles UDPGA formed/100gm liver/min.) in 10 fetuses, aged 10-18 weeks, ranged from 7.7 - 15.0 units (mean ± SEM = 11.7 ± 8.0) and in 8 normal adults ranged from 26.3 - 49.2 units (mean ± SEM = 38.1 ± 3.0) (p<0.001). These data show that the in vitro hepatic formation of bilirubin glucuronide and UDPGA is markedly reduced in the human fetus in the first half of gestation compared to normal adults. The relation of these findings to in vivo hepatic bilirubin metabolism and glucuronide conjugation in general in the human fetus and newborn remains to be determined.
Thermal conductivity of polymers filled with particulate solids

The thermal conductivities of polystyrene and polyethylene containing several different particulate solids were measured over a range of solid concentrations. Experimental data were compared with results predicted by theoretical models for two-phase media. The equations of Bruggeman and Cheng-Vachon both gave reasonable agreement with measured results. The applicability of these equations does not appear to depend upon the structure of the polymer.
Antioxidants and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease

Abstract HIV infection is thought to lead to increased oxidative stress which may in turn lead to faster progression of HIV disease. Therefore, antioxidants may have a role in the treatment of HIV disease. We review the data on the relations of selected antioxidants to HIV disease progression. Results from observational epidemiologic studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency may accelerate HIV disease progression. In observational studies conducted among vitamin A replete populations, associations between intake or status of vitamin A (both preformed vitamin A and s-carotene) and HIV disease progression have been less consistent. Available data from intervention studies are not entirely consistent with a beneficial effect of supplementation with preformed vitamin A or s-carotene. The relations of vitamins C and E to HIV disease progression have been examined in a small number of epidemiologic studies; results from such studies are compatible with a protective effect of high intakes or levels of these vitamins. In two prospective studies, low selenium levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of progression of HIV disease. Available epidemiologic data are consistent with a protective effect of multivitamin (or multivitamin-mineral) supplements, preparations which typically include several of the above antioxidants. Finally, limited epidemiologic data support a protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in HIV disease. Many studies conducted to date have been observational prospective studies; the interpretation of such studies is problematic, however, given the possibility of confounding by infection duration and other factors. Thus, well designed randomized trials are essential to properly investigate the role of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and NAC, in HIV disease. Such trials are urgently needed since dietary administration of antioxidants to HIV infected persons would be an inexpensive intervention appropriate for the developing world.
Relation of barley stripe mosaic virus to plastids

Abstract When thin sections of barley tissues infected with BSMV were examined with the electron microscope, virions were seen in close association with abnormally vesiculated chloroplasts and plastids. In leaf cells, virions (1) surrounded chloroplasts, (2) were in cytoplasmic invaginations into chloroplasts, and (3) were included within cytoplasmic regions between aggregated chloroplasts. The ends of some virions appeared to be attached to the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope. Virions were also observed closely associated with vesiculate plastids in immature embryo and in young endosperm tissues. The vesicles in the chloroplasts and plastids were located between the inner and outer membrane of their envelopes. They appeared to be bounded by one unit membrane.
Cholesterol management in the era of managed care

Several large controlled clinical trials have documented that cholesterol lowering causes a marked reduction in major coronary events in patients with established coronary heart disease. Cholesterol lowering thus joins other proven therapies for risk reduction in secondary prevention. The need to include cholesterol-lowering therapy in secondary prevention has been endorsed as a new practice measure in the Health Plan Employer Data Information Set. This endorsement ensures that managed care will get behind the effort to better control cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease. The next issue is whether managed care will support cholesterol-lowering therapy in primary-prevention patients. The patients at highest risk for developing coronary heart disease are those with noncoronary forms of atherosclerotic disease, type 2 diabetes, multiple risk factors, and risk factors plus evidence of advanced subclinical atherosclerosis. Such patients can be said to have coronary heart disease risk equivalents. These patients should be good candidates for aggressive cholesterol management. A strong case can be made for managed-care support for this approach. Support for treatment of patients at lower risk may be open to some question, but the current guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program provide a strong rationale for cholesterol management for primary prevention in the medical setting.
Mutations in the K-ras oncogene induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat colonic mucosa.

Abstract These experiments were conducted to determine whether point mutations activating K-ras or H-ras oncogenes, induced by the procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), were detectable in preneoplastic or neoplastic rat colonic mucosa. Rats were injected weekly with diluent or DMH at 20 mg/kg body wt for 5, 10, 15, or 25 wk, killed, and their colons dissected. DNA was extracted from diluent-injected control animals, histologically normal colonic mucosa from carcinogen-treated animals, and from carcinomas. Ras mutations were characterized by differential hybridization using allele-specific oligonucleotide probes to polymerase chain reaction--amplified DNA, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. While no H-ras mutations were detectable in any group, K-ras (G to A) mutations were found in 66% of DMH-induced colon carcinomas. These mutations were at the second nucleotide of codons 12 or 13 or the first nucleotide of codon 59 of the K-ras gene. The same type of K-ras mutations were observed in premalignant colonic mucosa from 2 out of 11 rats as early as 15 wk after beginning carcinogen injections when no dysplasia, adenomas, or carcinomas were histologically evident, suggesting that ras mutation may be an early event in colon carcinogenesis.
Temporary Changes in Affect and Attitude Following Ingestion of Various Amounts of Benzedrine Sulfate (Amphetamine Sulfate)

(1939). Temporary Changes in Affect and Attitude Following Ingestion of Various Amounts of Benzedrine Sulfate (Amphetamine Sulfate) The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 415-482.
Sulfur diffusion in rhyolite melts

Diffusion rates for sulfur in rhyolite melt have been measured at temperatures of 800–1100° C, water contents of 0–7.3 wt%, and oxygen fugacities from the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer to air. Experiments involved dissolution of anhydrite or pyrrhotite into rhyolite melt over time scales of hours to days. Electron microprobe analysis was used to measure sulfur concentration profiles in the quenched glasses. Regression of the diffusion data in dry rhyolite melt gives Dsulfur=0.05·exp{−221±80RT}, which is one to two orders of magnitude slower than diffusion of other common magmatic volatiles such as H2O, CO2 and Cl-. Diffusion of sulfur in melt with 7 wt% dissolved water is 1.5 to 2 orders of magnitude faster than diffusion in the anhydrous melt, depending on temperature. Sulfur is known to dissolve in silicate melts as at least two different species, S2− and S6+, the proportions of which vary with oxygen fugacity; despite this, oxygen fugacity does not appear to affect sulfur diffusivity except under extremely oxidizing conditions. This result suggests that diffusion of sulfur is controlled by one species over a large range in oxygen fugacity. The most likely candidate for the diffusing species is the sulfide ion, S2−. Re-equilibration between S2− and S6+ in oxidized melts must generally be slow compared to S2− diffusion in order to explain the observed results. In a silicic melt undergoing degassing, sulfur will tend to be fractionated from other volatile species which diffuse more rapidly. This is consistent with analyses of tephra from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, and from other high-silica volcanic eruptions.
Feed and Water Consumption Patterns of Broilers at High Environmental Temperatures

Abstract Broilers were reared on litter to determine the effect of cyclic environmental temperatures on feed and water consumption patterns. The temperatures were constant at 24 C for several days before cyclic temperatures were started. Control broilers continued at 24 C but the treatment was a daily 24-35-24 C cycle for 3 days. Broilers that were 5, 6, or 7 wk old consumed as much feed or water the 1st day of the cycle as on the succeeding days. Feed and water consumption were determined for 6-h periods each day beginning at minimum temperature with two periods during rising temperature and two periods during declining temperature. Feed consumption was depressed when the temperatures were declining. Water consumption increased during the 12 h when the temperature was maximum. At 7 wk, water consumption was greater for broilers on the cyclic temperature for each 6-h period except for the period of temperature decline immediately preceding the minimum temperature. Broilers exposed to the 3 days of cyclic temperatures consumed more water than controls during a subsequent exposure to temperatures up to 40.8 C. The data show that the increased water consumption and decreased feed consumption observed due to high, cyclic temperatures arise from changes that occur during some times of the day and no changes occur during other times. The increase in water consumption precedes the reduction in feed consumption.
Recent Canadian Direct Investment in the United States: An Empirical Perspective from Western New York

The scale, sectoral composition, and regional economic impact of recent Canadian direct investment in Western New York are examined. Empirical perspectives on the role of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) are presented, notably with regard to Western New York's growing absorption of Canadian industrial capital. Data from a postal survey of Canadian investors are described. The results suggest that the FTA has not been a strategic factor in recent investment patterns. Instead, the data reveal an important role for locational and market considerations, few of which pertain to official regulations of bilateral commerce. Some of the empirical results suggest an economic synergy between southern Ontario and Western New York. Specifically, both regions appear to have captured significant commercial benefits from recent cross-border investment. The paper concludes with a brief research agenda for future geographical work on the economic impact of more liberal investment relations between the tw...