cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
My Words + Your Words = Our World@Literature.global

ABSTRACT Contemporary urban communities are the likely scenarios where the constructions of personal identities are achieved within a bilingual or multilingual sociolinguistic environment. Tradition acts as a negotiator between the forces that chisel a modified shape to an individual that seeks to immerse the self into a new collectivity. Between the fear to lose the already acquired identity and the forging of a new identity, there are words and worlds that need to be expressed within a discussion on the use of self-translation as a linguistic bridge to reach the other. The decision to embrace bilingualism is based on the desire to explore beyond their “village” and engage in broader conversations. Independently of the reasons of the individual to decide to be immersed in another culture, the decision implies the acceptance of modifications of a somewhat monolithic vision of the “self” and “the other”. To get immersed in bilingualism is the first step to penetrate a biculturalism that is bound to leave m...
Dog Breeds and Their Behavior

Domestic dogs display an extraordinary level of phenotypic diversity in morphology and behavior. Furthermore, due to breeding practices introduced during the nineteenth century, these phenotypic traits have become relatively ‘fixed’ within breeds, allowing biologists to obtain unique insights regarding the genetic bases of behavioral diversity, and the effects of domestication and artificial selection on temperament. Here we explore differences in behavior among the 30 most popular dog breeds registered with the American Kennel Club based on owner responses to a standardized and validated behavioral questionnaire (C-BARQ©). The findings indicate that some breed-associated temperament traits (e.g. fear/anxiety) may be linked to specific gene mutations, while others may represent more general behavioral legacies of ‘ancient’ ancestry, physical deformity, and/or human selection for specific functional abilities. They also suggest that previous efforts to relate dog breed popularity to behavior may have failed due to the confounding effects of body size.
Mediators and Moderators of the Relation between Parental ADHD Symptomatology and the Early Development of Child ADHD and ODD Symptoms

The present study examined mediators and moderators of the relation between parental ADHD symptomatology and the development of child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms across the preschool years. Participants included 258 (138 boys) 3-year-old children (M = 44.13 months, SD = 3.39) with and without behavior problems and their parents who took part in a 3-year longitudinal study. Maternal ADHD symptoms predicted later ADHD symptoms in children, controlling for early child symptomatology. Both family history of ADHD and paternal comorbid psychopathology predicted later child ADHD and ODD symptoms, but they did not account for the association between maternal and child ADHD symptoms. Although paternal ADHD symptoms were associated with age 3 child ADHD symptoms, they did not significantly predict later child ADHD symptoms controlling for early symptomatology. Family adversity moderated the relation between maternal ADHD and child ADHD symptoms, such that the relation between maternal and child ADHD symptoms was stronger for families with less adversity. Maternal overreactive parenting mediated the relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and later child ADHD and ODD symptoms. Our findings suggest that targeting paternal comorbid psychopathology and maternal parenting holds promise for attenuating the effects of parental ADHD on children’s ADHD.
The Supernovae Analysis Application (SNAP)

Southwest Research Institute Internal Research program [R8333, R8498]; NASA Astrophysical Data Analysis Program [NNH15ZDA001N-ADAP]
Information Seeking Behavior of Older Adults

ABSTRACTWe live in a world where more and more the availability of needed information is determined by access to technology. This presents a barrier for some segments of the population. Older adult...
Comparison of FNA and fine-needle biopsy for EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors

Background and Aims Subepithelial lesions are found in about 1% of all EGD procedures, and GI stromal tumors are a type of subepithelial lesion commonly encountered. Although the majority of subepithelial lesions are benign, GI stromal tumors have malignant potential, making a definitive diagnosis important. Currently, the criterion standard for the diagnosis of GI stromal tumors is EUS-directed FNA (EUS-FNA). The definitive diagnosis of GI stromal tumors relies on immunohistochemical staining, which depends on enough tissue being submitted to the pathologist. Achieving adequate tissue acquisition from suspected GI stromal tumors by EUS-FNA remains a limitation. Advancements in needle design, however, have improved tissue acquisition and therefore may improve the definitive diagnosis of GI stromal tumors by EUS-FNA. The goal of this study is to compare a fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needle (SharkCore, Medtronics) with FNA needles in definitively diagnosing suspected GI stromal tumors. Methods This is a retrospective, single-center study of consecutive patients with suspected GI stromal tumors by EUS characterization who underwent EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB. Results A total of 106 patients (53 men, mean [± standard deviation {SD}] age 62.19 ± 16.33 years) were included in the study undergoing EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB of suspected GI stromal tumors. The needle size that was used most often was 22 gauge in both groups. The average size of the lesions was 27.68 ± 15.70 mm; 71.7% of lesions were located in stomach, 19.8% in the esophagus, 5.7% in the duodenum, and 2.8% in the rectosigmoid colon. Ninety-one patients underwent EUS-FNA and 15 patients underwent EUS-FNB. Adequate tissue was procured, allowing immunohistochemical staining in 59 (64.8%) patients in the FNA group and 15 (100%) patients in the FNB group; P = .006. A diagnosis was reached by immunohistochemical staining in 48 (52.7%) patients in the FNA group and 13 (86.7%) patients in the FNB group; P = .01. Tissue was insufficient to make a cytologic diagnosis in 22 (24.2%) patients in the FNA group compared with none in the FNB group; P = .03. Adequate tissue was procured on the first pass of the FNB needle in the majority of patients (83.3%), whereas only 23.5% of patients had adequate tissue on the first pass by the FNA needle, with a median of 3 passes; P = .00. Tissue was insufficient to perform immunohistochemical staining, and thus a diagnosis could not be confirmed before surgery in 8 of the 34 surgical patients in the FNA group. Ten of 15 patients in the EUS-FNB group underwent surgery, all of whom were correctly diagnosed by FNB. There were no reported immediate adverse events or technical difficulties in either group. Conclusions EUS-FNB by using a SharkCore needle for suspected GI stromal tumors is technically similar and equally safe as FNA, with better tissue acquisition, which was achieved with fewer needle passes and an improved diagnostic yield by immunohistochemical staining.
The Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ for Vascular Embolization in Children With Congenital Heart Diseases

Objectives To describe the early multi-center, clinical experience with the Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ (MVP) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing vascular embolization. Background The MVP is a large diameter vascular occlusion device that can be delivered through a microcatheter for embolization of abnormal blood vessels. Methods A retrospective review of embolization procedures using the MVP in children with CHD was performed in 3-centers. Occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using the MVP was not included. Results Ten children underwent attempted occlusion using the MVP. The most common indication to use the MVP was failed attempted occlusion using other embolic devices. Five, single ventricle patients (median age 3-years, median weight 14.9 kg) underwent occlusion of veno-venous collaterals following bidirectional Glenn operation. Three patients (Median age 8 years) underwent occlusion of coronary artery fistulae (CAF). Two patients (age 7 months and 1 year) underwent occlusion of large aorto-pulmonary collaterals. A 7-day-old child with a large CAF required 2 MVPs and an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP-II) for complete occlusion. Occlusion of all other blood vessels was achieved using a single MVP. One MVP embolized distally in an 8-years-old child with a large CAF. There were no other procedural complications or during follow-up (median 9 months). Conclusions The MVP is a new, large-diameter vascular embolization device that can be delivered through a microcatheter. It may play an important role in providing highly effective occlusion of abnormal vessels in children.
Primitivity of group rings of non-elementary torsion-free hyperbolic groups

Abstract We use a recent result of Alexander and Nishinaka to show that if G is a non-elementary torsion-free hyperbolic group and R is a countable domain, then the group ring RG is primitive. This implies that the group ring KG of any non-elementary torsion-free hyperbolic group G over a field K is primitive.
Progressive loss of differentiated effector CD8 T cells infiltrating melanoma (TUM7P.1021)

CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are critical for tumor control and their presence is a positive prognostic factor. Understanding CD8 TIL dysfunction is vital for developing cancer immunotherapies. Here, using a Granzyme B Cre ROSA YFP reporter system, we characterized the differentiation of CD8 T cells over the course of tumor growth using a murine melanoma model. At early stages of the CD8 T cell response (day 10 after tumor injection), the majority of the cells had differentiated to express Granzyme B (YFP+). However, over a period of four days, most of these effector cells were replaced by CD8+ T cells that had no evidence of effector differentiation. Concurrently, we found an increase in expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 in differentiated (YFP+) relative to non-differentiated (YFP-) CD8 TIL in late stage tumors. This suggests that there is both a loss of differentiated CD8 TIL and that the differentiated CD8 T cells that remain are more dysfunctional in late stage tumors. To provide insight into the cause and effect of this fluctuation in differentiation, we present data establishing the contribution of checkpoint inhibitory molecules and dendritic cell activation state in the loss of effector characteristics, and whether cytokine production and other effector activities correlate with the shift in effector differentiation status.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Contact with Police in Chicago: Disparities across Sexuality, Race, and Socioeconomic Status:

In this article, we examine intersections of race, sexuality, and socioeconomic status (SES) in people’s experiences with police contact in Chicago. Utilizing representative data concerning police ...
The Impact of Stigma on Community Reintegration of Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury and the Well-Being of Their Caregivers.

Abstract Objective To assess the association between perceived stigma and discrimination and caregiver strain, caregiver well-being, and patient community reintegration. Design A cross-sectional survey study of 564 informal caregivers of U.S. military service veterans of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan who experienced traumatic brain injuries or polytrauma (TBI/PT). Setting Care settings of community-dwelling former inpatients of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers. Participants Caregivers of former inpatients (N=564), identified through next-of-kin records and subsequent nominations. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Caregiver strain, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and self-esteem; as well as care recipient community reintegration, a key aspect of TBI/PT rehabilitation. Results Family stigma was associated with strain, depression, anxiety, loneliness, lower self-esteem, and less community reintegration. Caregiver stigma-by-association was associated with strain, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and lower self-esteem. Care recipient stigma was associated with caregiver strain, depression, anxiety, loneliness, lower self-esteem, and less community reintegration. Conclusions Perceived stigma may be a substantial source of stress for caregivers of U.S. military veterans with TBI/PT, and may contribute to poor outcomes for the health of caregivers and for the community reintegration of the veterans for whom they provide care.
A Query Workflow Design to Perform Automatable Distributed Regression Analysis in Large Distributed Data Networks.

Introduction: Patient privacy and data security concerns often limit the feasibility of pooling patient-level data from multiple sources for analysis. Distributed data networks (DDNs) that employ privacy-protecting analytical methods, such as distributed regression analysis (DRA), can mitigate these concerns. However, DRA is not routinely implemented in large DDNs. Objective: We describe the design and implementation of a process framework and query workflow that allow automatable DRA in real-world DDNs that use PopMedNet ™ , an open-source distributed networking software platform. Methods: We surveyed and catalogued existing hardware and software configurations at all data partners in the Sentinel System, a PopMedNet-driven DDN. Key guiding principles for the design included minimal disruptions to the current PopMedNet query workflow and minimal modifications to data partners’ hardware configurations and software requirements. Results: We developed and implemented a three-step process framework and PopMedNet query workflow that enables automatable DRA: 1) assembling a de-identified patient-level dataset at each data partner, 2) distributing a DRA package to data partners for local iterative analysis, and 3) iteratively transferring intermediate files between data partners and analysis center. The DRA query workflow is agnostic to statistical software, accommodates different regression models, and allows different levels of user-specified automation. Discussion: The process framework can be generalized to and the query workflow can be adopted by other PopMedNet-based DDNs. Conclusion: DRA has great potential to change the paradigm of data analysis in DDNs. Successful implementation of DRA in Sentinel will facilitate adoption of the analytic approach in other DDNs.
Cardiovascular Physiology: A Text and E-Resource for Active Learning

Cardiovascular disease remains the chief cause of mortality and morbidity in adults in many parts of the world, and diagnosis and treatment is increasingly based on cellular, intracellular, and molecular parameters as well as systems analysis. Consequently, it is vital that medical students learn the fundamental physiology of the cardiovascular system. This book, along with its interactive electronic learning modules, breathes life into the subject, with animations, videos, and game-like decision-making.
Raised Intracranial Pressure

Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the foremost critical-care emergencies that a neurological health specialist can be called upon to recognize and treat.
Mean, variance and covariance of joint measure based uncertain variables

Abstract We introduce the idea of a measure-based representation of uncertain information as a generalization of probabilistic uncertainty. We look at the situation of uncertain joint variables where our knowledge of the uncertain joint variable is captured by a measure µ on the joint space. We introduce the formulation of the Choquet integral of a function of a joint variable with respect to the measure modeling the underlying uncertainty. This allows us to calculate a mean like value of the joint function with respect to the uncertainty captured by the measure µ. By appropriately selecting the function we are able to extend the formulation of some fundamental concepts used in probabilistic uncertainty to the more general case of measure-based uncertainty. Among the concepts investigated are the means and variances of the individual variables, the covariance and correlation between the joint variables. We also look at the mean and variance of the sum of the joint variables.
Machine learning to predict the risk of incident heart failure hospitalization among patients with diabetes: The WATCH-DM risk score

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a novel, machine learning–derived model to predict the risk of heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from 8,756 patients free at baseline of HF, with RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 319 patients (3.6%) developed incident HF. The RSF models demonstrated better discrimination than the best performing Cox-based method (C-index 0.77 [95% CI 0.75–0.80] vs. 0.73 [0.70–0.76] respectively) and had acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic χ2 = 9.63, P = 0.29) in the internal validation data set. From the identified predictors, an integer-based risk score for 5-year HF incidence was created: the WATCH-DM (Weight [BMI], Age, hyperTension, Creatinine, HDL-C, Diabetes control [fasting plasma glucose], QRS Duration, MI, and CABG) risk score. Each 1-unit increment in the risk score was associated with a 24% higher relative risk of HF within 5 years. The cumulative 5-year incidence of HF increased in a graded fashion from 1.1% in quintile 1 (WATCH-DM score ≤7) to 17.4% in quintile 5 (WATCH-DM score ≥14). In the external validation cohort, the RSF-based risk prediction model and the WATCH-DM risk score performed well with good discrimination (C-index = 0.74 and 0.70, respectively), acceptable calibration (P ≥0.20 for both), and broad risk stratification (5-year HF risk range from 2.5 to 18.7% across quintiles 1–5). CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a novel, machine learning–derived risk score that integrates readily available clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic variables to predict the risk of HF among outpatients with T2DM.
On fracture phenomena in advanced fiber composite materials.

The extension of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) from metallic alloys to advanced fiber composite laminates is considered. LEFM is shown to be valid for both isotropic and anisotropic homogeneous continua; the applicability of LEFM to advanced fiber composites is thus dependent on the validity of a homogeneous model of such materials. An experimental program to determine the validity of such a model for graphite/epoxy laminates is reviewed. Such laminates are found to have an apparent fracture toughness, from which it is inferred that a homogeneous material model is valid for the particular specimen geometry and composite laminates considered. Strain energy release rates are calculated from the experimentally determined fracture toughness of the various laminates. These strain energy release rates are found to lie in one of two groups, depending upon whether crack extension required fiber failure or matrix failure. The latter case is further investigated. It is concluded that matrix failure is governed by the tensile stress normal to the crack path.
Screening Breast Ultrasound: Update After 10 Years of Breast Density Notification Laws

OBJECTIVE. Breast density notification laws have grown from the first state legislation in Connecticut in 2009 to a federally mandated update to the Mammography Quality Standards Act in 2019. CONCLUSION. The increasing recognition of limited mammographic sensitivity in women with dense breasts has led to greater utilization of supplemental screening ultrasound. Robust data support improved detection of small node-negative invasive breast cancers with adjunctive ultrasound. Digital breast tomosynthesis and other emerging modalities may also play a role in screening guidelines.
Non-chromatographic speciation of arsenic by successive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and in situ formation of an ionic liquid in water samples

Abstract Arsenic is an element present in waters in its different species which can cause a serious risk to human health due to the consumption of these waters. However, the toxicity of each species is very different. Because of that, in analytical chemistry there is a great interest in developing methods that allow the quantification of low concentrations and speciation of arsenic. Accordingly, this work introduces a novel method applied to determine very low concentrations of arsenic species (As (III), As (V), monomethylarsonic acid (MA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AB)) in water samples. The procedure provides high enrichment factors and great sensitivity in a simple and non-chromatographic way using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The in-situ formation of an ionic liquid (IL) results in a dispersion through the formation of a cloud of IL droplets that allows the instantaneous extraction of the arsenic species. After centrifugation, they can be quantified by direct injection of the extract (IL + arsenic species) into the detector. The different experimental conditions such as pH and the use of complexing agents allow the selective extraction of each species. An enrichment factor of 295 is obtained by using this procedure. Additionally, high sensitivity and a low detection limit (0.02 µg L−1) for all species are achieved, enabling the method as an alternative for the chromatographic techniques.
Bank accounting conservatism and bank loan quality

This study examines the effect of conditional conservatism in loan loss accounting—recognizing bad news in a timely fashion and deferring the recognition of gains—on a bank's own monitoring effort as reflected in its loan portfolio quality using a sample of publicly traded bank holding companies in the United States over the period 1994–2015. Sample banks adopting conservative loan loss accounting practices have lower nonperforming loans (NPLs) and lower net charge‐offs (NCOs), consistent with conservatism enhancing monitoring over lending decisions by improving financial transparency. The paper further finds that the effect of conservatism on loan quality is more pronounced for banks with high ex ante information asymmetry or distress risk and during low and high lending growth cycles, when loan quality is likely to deteriorate. Collectively, the findings suggest that conservative reporting reduces banks’ risk‐taking in lending. These findings should be of interest to regulators and policymakers who debate how to incentivize banks to use the discretion inherent in their loan loss provisioning in ways that are more informative and less opportunistic.
A Poet’s Ocean: Merchants and Imagination across Indian Ocean Gujarat

This essay explores an unusual vernacular source of poetic writings by Asim Randeri (1904–2009), a Muslim poet from a merchant family of Gujarat, in order to understand how the imagination—particul...
Objective Assessment of Aerosolization During Transnasal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveThe goal of this systematic review is to assimilate the literature on objective assessment of particulate aerosolization during transnasal endoscopic procedures.Data SourcesPubMed and hand...
Tbcc Tsto Design for the NASA-Afrl Joint System Study

NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory are involved in a Joint System Study (JSS) on Two-Stage-to-Orbit (TSTO) vehicles. The JSS will examine the performance, operability and uncertainty of unmanned, fully reusable, airbreathing-based TSTO launch vehicle concepts. NASA is providing a concept using turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) propulsion on the booster stage and an all-rocket orbiter. The Air Force supplied two vehicle concepts, both utilizing an all-rocket booster; one with an all-rocket orbiter, the other using a rocket-based combined cycle orbiter. For NASA, this study is being used for tool assessment and development, and to identify generic technology gaps, not to choose vehicle types or concepts. This presentation starts with an overview of the major JSS ground rules and assumptions. Second, the NASA TSTO concept, Reusable Airbreathing Launch Vehicle - iteration B (RALV-B) is introduced, including its mission profile and, the vehicle (booster and orbiter) layout and packaging. The high speed propulsion concept is then briefly discussed, including the work performed and lessons learned. The low speed TBCC propulsion system is covered next in some detail. An overview for the low speed system is given; then its development is discussed (starting with initial layout and leading to more detailed analyses performed and results). The low speed system portion is wrapped up with lessons learned and summary. Finally, an overall summary and lessons learned so far for the JSS are given as well as work planned to complete the study.
Indicators of Arctic Sea Ice Bistability in Climate Model Simulations and Observations

Abstract : The long-term goal is to assess the possibility that the climate system supports multiple Arctic sea ice states that are relevant for the evolution of sea ice during the next several decades.
The Nature of Evolutionary Biology: At the Borderlands Between Historical and Experimental Science

For some time now, both biologists and philosophers of science have been struggling with the nature of evolutionary biology as a discipline. On the one hand, and dating back to Ronald Fisher’s fundamental theorem of natural selection, the claim is that evolutionary biology is a predictive science based on rigorous mathematical foundations—indeed, Fisher consciously styled his theorem after the second principle of thermodynamics in physics, the (presumed) queen of sciences. On the other hand, Fisher’s historical antagonist, Sewall Wright, emphasized the role of chance events (random drift) in countering and sometimes thwarting natural selection. The debate became central to Stephen Gould’s attempt in the 1980s to establish paleontology, the quintessential historical science within biology, as a “nomothetic” (i.e., aiming at the discovery of general laws) enterprise, while at the same time acknowledging the macroevolutionary import of chance events like the asteroidal impact that caused the extinction of so many species at the end of the Cretaceous. In this chapter I will deploy a novel philosophical analysis by Carol Cleland and examine recent experimental results on the replicability of evolutionary trajectories, to clarify the status of evolutionary biology as a discipline and that of the relative role of what Jacques Monod referred to as chance and necessity in biological explanations.
Prevalence of Marijuana-Related Traffic on Twitter, 2012–2013: A Content Analysis

Abstract This study assessed marijuana-related content posted by adolescents on Twitter and examined content variation before and after the 2012 U.S. election legalizing recreational use in two states. For two 3-week periods occurring 6 months before and after the election, a 1% random sample was obtained of all tweets matching a set of marijuana-related queries. Original content was separated from reposted content (retweets), and foreign language tweets and those not related to marijuana were excluded. Using a structured codebook, tweet content was categorized (e.g., mention of personal marijuana use, parents' views, perceived effects.) Self-reported age was extracted from tweet metadata when available. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in content by whether the user self-identified as an adolescent and to compare content pre- versus post-election. The full sample consisted of 71,901 tweets. After excluding nonrelevant tweets and separating original tweets from retweets, the analytic sampl...
Prognosis of Vesticoureteral Reflux: A Dissenting View

I would like to discuss the article on vesicoureteral reflux in the November issue.1 My reaction to the radiologically well documented article of Drs. Bland and Girdany1 is that their findings resulted in conclusions contrary to those of many investigators. They are certainly quite different from mine, after 30 years of experience with this entity at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Variety Childrens Hospital of Miami, and Mount Sinai Hospital of Miami, during which time I had the unfortunate experience of observing a 5-year-old girl whose right kidney (normal when first seen with pyuria and reflux on the right) had to be removed a year later, completely destroyed by pyelonephritis, because of improper management.
Models of Co-occurrence

A model of co-occurrence in bitext is a boolean predicate that indicates whether a given pair of word tokens co-occur in corresponding regions of the bitext space. Co-occurrence is a precondition for the possibility that two tokens might be mutual translations. Models of co-occurrence are the glue that binds methods for mapping bitext correspondence with methods for estimating translation models into an integrated system for exploiting parallel texts. Different models of co-occurrence are possible, depending on the kind of bitext map that is available, the language-specific information that is available, and the assumptions made about the nature of translational equivalence. Although most statistical translation models are based on models of co-occurrence, modeling co-occurrence correctly is more difficult than it may at first appear.
Analytical controller design strategy for remotely operated systems with long time delays

This paper presents a new analytical controller design strategy for remotely operated systems, emphasizing on the stability of closed-loop control systems involving long time delays. A model-predictive control loop is constructed and implemented inside a digital controller to provide predictive state information, and an efficient model reduction method is applied to yield a reduced-order digital controller. This reduced-order digital controller is a model-reference adaptive controller that can control closed-loop systems with long time delays by following a specified performance. The Stanford arm is chosen as a simulation example. >
When Do Agencies Have Agency? The Limits of Compliance in the EPA

This paper raises a question that is little-discussed yet central to lawmaking and policy implementation in the American separation-of-powers system: Under what institutional conditions is Congress unable to induce compliance with legislative dictates in contemporary statutory implementation? Unlike a number of existing delegation models, the paper holds that variation in institutional conict and oversight of agencies fundamentally reshape agencies’ latitude as active policymakers. I answer this question in the context of the Environmental Protection Agency from 1973-2010 using an extensive original dataset on noncompliance using the hand-coding of several thousand congressional bill introductions and several hundred DC Circuit court cases. I use these data to test the separation-ofpowers theories concerning the eects of legislative-executive conict and legislative division
Quasistatic sliding manipulation-on the transient response of sliding manipulation

Analytic models and numerical simulations of transient sliding are presented. The sliding motion of compliant grasps is governed by a first-order time-varying differential equation. The solution of such differential equations is characterized by a study-state and a transient solution. The transient solution is more important because it happens immediately after the sliding motion initiates so that it is necessary to control it more carefully, and the fingertips are usually in transient stages with little opportunity to establish steady-state sliding. Under most circumstances, the approximate solutions of the time-varying system were found to be close to those of direct numerical computation. Several experiments on the sliding motions of fingers were conducted using a model frame and disk that represent the fingertip. The experiments gave good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the theoretical and numerical solutions. >
p53 in the anticancer mechanism of vitamin E

Abstract Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of “wild type” p53 and “mutant” p53 in experimental cancer inhibition by vitamin E. The cancer model used was the squamous cell carcinoma of hamster buccal pouch induced by the carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Cancer development was studied sequentially for 8–14 weeks and specimens prepared for histological and immunohistochemical interpretation. Primary antibodies used were monoclonal antibodies for “wild type” and “mutant” p53. Specificity of antibodies was confirmed by flow cytometry. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining was used on the tissue specimens. In those animals receiving vitamin E the buccal pouch tumour development was significantly inhibited and there was a notable expression of “wild type” p53. There was also a relative absence of “mutant” p53 in the buccal pouch lesions of animals receiving vitamin E. These observations suggest that vitamin E may inhibit cancer formation by stimulating the expression of a cancer suppressor gene.
Cytochemical observations of coelomocytes from the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.

Coelomocytes of the earthworm,Lumbricus terrestris, were stained by cytochemical techniques to determine the biochemical composition of the seven different cell types and subtypes. The enzymes acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase are present in all types of coelomocytes, but are especially abundant in basophils and neutrophils; the differences in enzyme amounts correlate well with the differences in phagocytic activity of the various cell types. No peroxidase is present. The cytoplasmic basophilia of basophils is due primarily to ribonucleic acid. Basophils also contain large deposits of glycogen, with neutrophils and chloragogen cells containing somewhat lesser amounts. The predominant granules of the two types of acidophils and of granulocytes are composed of a basic protein and a neutral mucopolysaccharide or glycoprotein. A second granule population, present in low numbers in acidophils and granulocytes, but in larger numbers in basophils and neutrophils, is small in size and lipid-positive and may, in part, represent lysosomes.
Rational approaches to decision‐making and problem‐solving discussion

Books reviewed CRUCIAL DECISIONS: LEADERSHIP IN POLICYMAKING AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT. by irving L. Janis, New York: Free Press, 1989; pp. xiii + 388. $27.95. GROUPS THAT WORK (AND THOSE THAT DON'T). Edited by J. Richard Hackman. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1990; pp. xxxi + 512. $34.95. MAKING TOUGH DECISIONS: TACTICS FOR IMPROVING MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING. By Paul C. Nutt, San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1989; pp. xxvii + 609. $39.95. PARADOXES OF GROUP LIFE. By Kenwyn K. Smith and David N. Berg. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1988; pp. xx + 281. $27.95. PASSIONS WITHIN REASON: THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF THE EMOTIONS. By Robert H. Frank. New York: W. W. Norton, 1988; pp. xvi + 303. $19.95. RATIONAL CHOICE IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD. By Robyn M. Dawes, Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988; pp. xiv + 346. $10.00. THREE FACES OF POWER. By Kenneth E. Boulding, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1989; pp. 257. $29.50.
Relaxed asynchronous flow-control algorithms for multiclass service networks

This paper addresses resource sharing in a multiclass service center. The flow of service requests from each class of customers are regulated by a class manager who attempts to maximize the class net benefit (throughput reward less delay cost). Relaxed asynchronous algorithms are proposed for obtaining a Nash equilibrium among these competing classes in which each manager iteratively updates his throughput strategy in response to local (and possibly delayed) information on the strategies of the others. The novelty of these flow-control algorithms are in the relaxation, whereby each manager employs a strategy update that is a convex combination of his previous strategy and his best-reply strategy to current information. Alternatively, this relaxation can be viewed as an exponential smoothing of all previous best-reply strategies. For a particular number of classes with specified cost/reward parameters, relaxation conditions for asymptotic convergence to the unique interior Nash equilibrium are presented. For more than two classes, it is shown that relaxation not only accelerates convergence (at least in a special case), but also is a necessary condition for convergence. Due to an equivalent functional form, these results can be directly translated to a network of users employing a power criterion, a common objective in the communications literature.
High Rate of Inappropriate Carotid Endarterectomy in an Urban Medical Center

Background Some studies have reported that the appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has dramatically improved in the last two decades. However, these studies did not include the most recent study results for asymptomatic stenosis. Methods We sought to determine the appropriateness of CEA at a large, urban community hospital. A retrospective chart review of all CEA procedures during a 2-year period was conducted. CEA appropriateness was defined according to factors including age, degree of stenosis, symptomatic or asymptomatic status, and presence of high surgical risk comorbidities. Results During a 2-year period, 51 CEA procedures were performed. For patient characteristics, 73% were asymptomatic, 77% were African American, and 65% had high surgical risk comorbidities. Perioperative stroke or myocardial infarction occurred in 14.3% of symptomatic patients and 18.9% of asymptomatic patients. The rate of inappropriate CEA was 57%, and 14% of cases were of uncertain value. Patients with an inappropriate or uncertain CEA had a 19.4% rate of in-hospital stroke or myocardial infarction. Conclusions In an urban hospital, the majority of CEA procedures were either inappropriate or of uncertain value. The periprocedure complication rate was high in these patients. Patient selection in urban hospitals is not adhering to clinical trial criteria.
In situ measurement of sediment oxygen demand in catfish ponds

Abstract Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was measured in catfish aquaculture ponds using a computer-controlled data acquisition system coupled with in situ respirometers. A total of 86 rate determinations were made in northwest Mississippi. Calculated SOD rates averaged 4·44 g/m 2 per day at an average temperature of 29°C. These rates exceeded those recorded previously in catfish ponds and may have reflected differences in pond construction and management. Location within the pond, but neither age nor location-age interaction, appeared to affect SOD.
The WD40 protein Caf4p is a component of the mitochondrial fission machinery and recruits Dnm1p to mitochondria

The mitochondrial division machinery regulates mitochondrial dynamics and consists of Fis1p, Mdv1p, and Dnm1p. Mitochondrial division relies on the recruitment of the dynamin-related protein Dnm1p to mitochondria. Dnm1p recruitment depends on the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Fis1p. Mdv1p interacts with Fis1p and Dnm1p, but is thought to act at a late step during fission because Mdv1p is dispensable for Dnm1p localization. We identify the WD40 repeat protein Caf4p as a Fis1p-associated protein that localizes to mitochondria in a Fis1p-dependent manner. Caf4p interacts with each component of the fission apparatus: with Fis1p and Mdv1p through its NH2-terminal half and with Dnm1p through its COOH-terminal WD40 domain. We demonstrate that mdv1Δ yeast contain residual mitochondrial fission due to the redundant activity of Caf4p. Moreover, recruitment of Dnm1p to mitochondria is disrupted in mdv1Δ caf4Δ yeast, demonstrating that Mdv1p and Caf4p are molecular adaptors that recruit Dnm1p to mitochondrial fission sites. Our studies support a revised model for assembly of the mitochondrial fission apparatus.
Electrostatic dispersions and evaporation of clusters of drops of high-energy fuel for soot control

A model is presented for the electrostatic dispersion fo a polydisperse cluster of evaporating drops embedded into an inviscid vortex.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrolyte Solutions at the (100) Goethite Surface

Molecular dynamics simulations of electrolyte solutions in contact with a neutral (100) goethite (?-FeOOH) surface were used to probe the structure of the electrical double layer at the mineral-water interface and gain insight into the adsorption properties of monovalent ions. Three electrolyte solutions were considered: NaCl, CsCl, and CsF. The electrolyte ions were chosen to cover a range of ionic sizes and affinities for the aqueous phase. The molecular dynamics simulations indicate the presence of a structured interfacial region resulting from the strong interaction of water with the mineral surface. The specific arrangement and preferred orientation of water that arise from this interaction create adsorption sites in the interfacial region, i.e., as far as 15 ? away from the surface, and hence give rise to a strong correlation between the water and ion distributions. The structure of the hydrated ion, its effect on the water arrangement at the interface, and the strength of the ion-water bond are found to be key factors that determine the location and extent of ion adsorption at the interface. Additionally, in all simulations, we find a build up of positive charges near the surface due to cation adsorption, which is compensated by an accumulation ofmore » anions in the next few angstroms. This creates an excess of negative charges, which is in turn compensated by an excess of positive charges, and so on. Consequently, our simulations indicate the formation of an electrical double layer where the condensed layer extends over several hydration layers and the net charge in the diffuse layer oscillates with distance from the surface. As we modeled a neutral surface, the structure of the electrical double layer arises from the complex interplay of the interactions between the surface, water, and the electrolyte ions rather than from the need to neutralize a surface charge.« less
Homicide and LSD.

A 22-year-old student killed his girlfriend during a psychotic period which may have been precipitated by ingestion of lysergide. This closely followed another assaultive episode while he was under the influence of drugs. Prior to this, he had not had any untoward drug reaction.
Dynamic channel assignment in wireless communication networks

We propose a new Cochannel information based Dynamic Channel Assignment lCDCAr strategy for small and microcell systems and a new Group Dynamic Channel Assignment lGDCAr strategy which handles multichannel traffic in wireless networks. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional characterization of an activating TEK mutation in acute myeloid leukemia: A cellular context-dependent activating mutation

Therapies that are targeted to the molecular genetic defect of malignancies have proven more successful than conventional chemotherapeutic approaches.1, 2, 3, 4 A broad application of this strategy will require a detailed understanding of the genetic lesions involved in oncogenesis. Tyrosine kinases constitute a gene family of 91 members that play a critical role in numerous cellular processes, and aberrant regulation of tyrosine kinase activity has been observed in numerous types of malignancies.5 One malignancy in which tyrosine kinases are abnormally regulated is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several reports have shown that signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is phosphorylated in blast cells from at least 70% of patients with AML.6, 7, 8 STAT5 phosphorylation is tightly controlled by tyrosine kinase signaling networks; hence this suggests the presence of aberrantly active, mutated tyrosine kinases in these patients.
Description of a program for social language intervention: "if you can have a conversation, you can have a relationship".

Adolescents with impaired language comprehension and formulation skills often experience difficulty keeping up with the linguistic and social demands of peer interaction. This clinical exchange describes an individualized treatment program designed to increase the conversational skill of an adolescent male with language impairment. Treatment focused on increasing awareness of the listener’s needs and on balancing the exchange of conversational turns. Clinical performance, parent report, and client report were used to assess outcomes.
Dietary energy density and diet variety as risk factors for relapse in anorexia nervosa: a replication.

Objective: To replicate our previous findings of an association between energy density and diet variety in recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and clinical outcome in the year following treatment. Method: Nineteen hospitalized, weight-restored women with AN completed a food record, from which a diet energy density score (DEDS) and a diet variety score (DVS) were calculated. After hospital discharge, patients were contacted regularly; at the end of one year, clinical outcome was determined using modified Morgan-Russell criteria. As in our previous study, outcome was dichotomized into “full, good, or fair” and “poor” groups. Results: Data from 16 subjects were available. The DEDS was significantly lower (p < .05) in the poor outcome group (0.7 ± 1) compared with the “full, good, or fair” outcome group (0.9 ± 1). Although the DVS was also lower in the poor outcome group (13.9 ± 2) compared with the “full, good or fair” outcome group (15.7 ± 1.8), this difference was not statistically significant. Discussion: In recently weight-restored patients with AN, a lower DEDS, but not DVS, is associated with poor clinical outcome after inpatient treatment. This finding may be important in the assessment of risk for relapse in patients with AN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:79–84)
Improving federal technology commercialization: Some recommendations from a field study

This study identified three distinct roles of the federal technology-transfer process in the Huntsville, Alabama region: sponsors, developers, and adopters. The basic structure of transfer barriers and measures during the prospecting and developing of the federal technology-transfer process is also discussed. Sponsors attributed transfer problems to adopters' lack of awareness, while developers cited long development and payback times. Adopters admitted their lack of transfer expertise and their resistance to technologies with long paybacks. None of the role-players were measuring technology transfer very well. While sponsors agreed with adopters that long-term outcome measures were important, sponsors relied on measures of input effort and intermediate results. Developers with the most transfer experience reported the lowest use of measures. Recommendations are made for each role to help improve federal technology transfer.