cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Elasticity of Generalized Arithmetical Congruence Monoids

Let a and b be positive integers with a ≤ b and \({a^2 \equiv a \, ({\rm mod} \, {b})}\). The set \({M(a,b) = \{n \in \mathbb{N} | n \equiv a ({\rm mod} \, b)\} \cup \{1\}}\) is multiplicatively closed and known as an arithmetical congruence monoid (or ACM). It is well known that unique factorization need not occur in ACMs. In this paper, we investigate factorization results when we consider only elements of M(a, b) of sufficiently large size. More specifically, if M(a, b) is an ACM, we offer results concerning the elasticity of generalized ACMs (or GACMs) of the form \({M_r (a,b) = \{a +kb \in M(a,b) | k \geq r\} \cup \{1\}}\) where r is a nonnegative integer. We characterize when a generalized ACM is half-factorial (i.e. lengths of irreducible factorizations are constant). Moreover, we offer conditions, which force the elasticity to be infinite and derive a formula for finite elasticity in the case a ≠ 1.
Five new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from Costa Rica and Panama.

Abstract. We describe five new species of Miconia: M. kappellei and M. ricardoi, both endemic to the Cordillera Talamanca in Costa Rica, M. hildeana from a narrow altitudinal belt of Caribbean slope cloud forests of Costa Rica and adjacent Panama, and M. cocoensis and M. diegogomezii, both endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica.
Improving the utilization of training resources through optimal personnel assignment in the U.S. Navy

Abstract The U.S. Navy lacks the capability to optimize the use of individuals' existing skills and to optimize the use of training classes. This paper develops a network model for the Navy's personnel assignment problem with enroute training. The number of available seats in training schools are generated as side constraints. The model can improve the effectiveness of the Navy's decision process for technical training. Considering the Navy's increasing need for advanced technical training, the model will help the Navy to avoid substantial increases in training cost by improved skill utilization and school utilization.
At the Back of the Class. At the Front of The Class: Experiences as Aboriginal Student and Aboriginal Teacher

This is a personal account of an Aboriginal woman who went through the education system in Australia to obtain finally her law degree.
Preferential binding of high molecular weight forms of von Willebrand factor to fibrillar collagen.

Abstract The time- and concentration-dependent binding of von Willebrand factor to fibrillar collagen was examined by following the disappearance from plasma of ristocetin cofactor activity and factor VIII-related antigen, the functional and immunologic determinants of von Willebrand factor. Examination of both bound and unbound factor VIII-related antigen by crosssed immunoelectrophoresis revealed a preferential binding of the higher molecular weight forms of von Willebrand factor to fibrillar collagen.
Direct bone resorbing activity of murine myeloma cells.

Abstract The cellular mechanism(s) responsible for tumor-associated bone resorption in multiple myeloma remain uncertain. Both in vivo and in vitro evidence is presented for the direct resorption of bone by mouse plasmacytomas. Morphological examination of autopsy specimens from tumorbearing mice revealed in vivo erosion of bony surfaces at sites of tumor cell-bone matrix apposition. No osteoclastic bone resorptive activity was evident. Using a 45Ca-labelled, devitalized bone explant assay system, mouse myeloma cells caused the release of isotope at levels from 200–300% above control values. Control cells such as normal spleen lymphocytes and liver cells did not resorb bone. Demonstration of the ability of myeloma cells to independently destroy bone is important to the understanding of the causes of and development of chemotherapeutic approaches to myelomatous bone resorption.
The differential outcomes procedure can interfere or enhance operant rule learning.

The differential outcomes effect—the enhancement of learning and memory performance by correlating distinct reinforcers with to-be-remembered events (sample stimuli)—has been stated to be one of the most robust phenomena in learning psychology. However, in this paper we demonstrate that the correlation between unique samples and unique reinforcers can either interfere with or enhance learning a spatial matching-rule, dependent on whether these two processes are trained concurrently or sequentially. If the Pavlovian conditioning (unique sample-reward pairings) occurs before the matching rule is learned (sequentially), the conditioned expectations of unique rewards will enhance the acquisition of the spatial matching-rule in rats (the differential outcomes effect will be observed). However, if rats are required to learn the Pavlovian associations and the matching-rule concurrently, they are impaired in acquiring the spatial matching-rule. Thus, employing the differential outcomes procedure can either enhance or detract from learning and remembering the task rule—dependent on the nature of the task and order of training. These data suggest that under some circumstances learning Pavlovian associations can compete with the formation of instrumental behavior.
Community Service for Youth: The Value of Psychological Engagement over Number of Hours Spent.

This study examined the relative contribution of psychological engagement with a service activity and number of hours spent in that activity as predictors of change over time in community belonging and social responsibility. Sixty-eight primarily rural adolescents participated as teen leaders in a sexuality education program, and completed assessments of social responsibility and community belonging before and after program participation. Psychological engagement with the service activity and number of hours spent were used to predict changes in social responsibility and community belonging, while controlling for gender, prior program participation, and sexual behaviour history. Psychological engagement, but not number of hours spent, accounted for significant unique variability of change in community belonging and social responsibility.
Changes in arterial blood pressure after microinjections of carbachol into the medulla and IVth ventricle of the rat brain.

Abstract Microinjections of carbachol (0.55–5 μg) into the floor of the fourth ventricle caused a rapid modification of arterial blood pressure usually consisting of an initial fall followed by a prolonged rise. The hypotensive response could be blocked centrally by atropine but not by hexamethonium or curare. In contrast, the pressor response could be blocked centrally by hexamethonium or mecamylamine but not by atropine or curare. Oxotremorine (a muscarinic agent) caused only a fall in blood pressure upon microinjection into the same central sites which produced a biphasic response to carbachol. Although the vagus was not involved in the hypotensive response, the fall in blood pressure could be abolished by systemically administered methyl atropine. The results are discussed in terms of central and peripheral muscarinic and nicotinic mechanisms.
A GRAPH PARTITIONING APPROACH TO PREDICTING PATTERNS IN LATERAL INHIBITION SYSTEMS.

We analyze spatial patterns on networks of cells where adjacent cells inhibit each other through contact signaling. We represent the network as a graph where each vertex represents the dynamics of an identical individual cell and where graph edges represent cell-to-cell signaling. To predict steady-state patterns we find equitable partitions of the graph vertices and assign them into disjoint classes. We then use results from monotone systems theory to prove the existence of patterns that are structured in such a way that all the cells in the same class have the same final fate. To study the stability properties of these patterns, we rely on the graph partition to perform a block decomposition of the system. Then, to guarantee stability, we provide a small-gain--type criterion that depends on the input-output properties of each cell in the reduced system. Finally, we discuss pattern formation in stochastic models. With the help of a modal decomposition we show that noise can enhance the parameter region w...
Arabidopsis thaliana Polar Glycerolipid Profiling by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Coupled with Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)

Biological membranes separate cells from the environment. From a single cell to multicellular plants and animals, glycerolipids, such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine, form bilayer membranes which act as both boundaries and interfaces for chemical exchange between cells and their surroundings. Unlike animals, plant cells have a special organelle for photosynthesis, the chloroplast. The intricate membrane system of the chloroplast contains unique glycerolipids, namely glycolipids lacking phosphorus: monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). The roles of these lipids are beyond simply structural. These glycolipids and other glycerolipids were found in the crystal structures of photosystem I and II indicating the involvement of glycerolipids in photosynthesis. During phosphate starvation, DGDG is transferred to extraplastidic membranes to compensate the loss of phospholipids. Much of our knowledge of the biosynthesis and function of these lipids has been derived from a combination of genetic and biochemical studies with Arabidopsis thaliana. During these studies, a simple procedure for the analysis of polar lipids has been essential for the screening and analysis of lipid mutants and will be outlined in detail. A leaf lipid extract is first separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and glycerolipids are stained reversibly with iodine vapor. The individual lipids are scraped from the TLC plate and converted to fatty acyl methylesters (FAMEs), which are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (FID-GLC) (Figure 1). This method has been proven to be a reliable tool for mutant screening. For example, the tgd1,2,3,4 endoplasmic reticulum-to-plastid lipid trafficking mutants were discovered based on the accumulation of an abnormal galactoglycerolipid: trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG) and a decrease in the relative amount of 18:3 (carbons : double bonds) fatty acyl groups in membrane lipids. This method is also applicable for determining enzymatic activities of proteins using lipids as substrate.
Crystal structure of the catalytic core of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase.

Soluble inositol polyphosphates are ubiquitous second messengers in eukaryotes, and their levels are regulated by an array of specialized kinases. The structure of an archetypal member of this class, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (IP3K), has been determined at 2.2 A resolution in complex with magnesium and adenosine diphosphate. IP3K contains a catalytic domain that is a variant of the protein kinase superfamily, and a novel four-helix substrate binding domain. The two domains are in an open conformation with respect to each other, suggesting that substrate recognition and catalysis by IP3K involves a dynamic conformational cycle. The unique helical domain of IP3K blocks access to the active site by membrane-bound phosphoinositides, explaining the structural basis for soluble inositol polyphosphate specificity.
Electronic Performance Monitoring: An Organizational Justice and Concertive Control Perspective

An estimated 26 million workers are electronically monitored by organizations. Contradictory evidence indicates that such monitoring may lead to either positive or negative outcomes for both organizations and their members. This article applies theories of organizational justice and concertive control to account for these contradictions. It is argued that, when organizations involve employees in the design and implementation of monitoring systems, restrict monitoring to performance-related activities, and use data obtained through electronic means in a concertive manner by emphasizing two-way communication and supportive feedback, they are likely to reap positive results. However, when employees are not involved in the introduction of monitoring, when data gathered through electronic performance monitoring are used to provide coercive, obtrusive feedback, or when monitoring includes nonwork activities, the organization may experience negative results.
Many routes to turbulent convection

Using automated laser-Doppler methods we have identified four distinct sequences of instabilities leading to turbulent convection at low Prandtl number (2·5–5·0), in fluid layers of small horizontal extent. Contour maps of the structure of the time-averaged velocity field, in conjunction with high-resolution power spectral analysis, demonstrate that several mean flows are stable over a wide range in the Rayleigh number R, and that the sequence of time-dependent instabilities depends on the mean flow. A number of routes to non-periodic motion have been identified by varying the geometrical aspect ratio, Prandtl number, and mean flow. Quasi-periodic motion at two frequencies leads to phase locking or entrainment, as identified by a step in a graph of the ratio of the two frequencies. The onset of non-periodicity in this case is associated with the loss of entrainment as R is increased. Another route to turbulence involves successive subharmonic (or period doubling) bifurcations of a periodic flow. A third route contains a well-defined regime with three generally incommensurate frequencies and no broadband noise. The spectral analysis used to demonstrate the presence of three frequencies has a precision of about one part in 104 to 105. Finally, we observe a process of intermittent non-periodicity first identified by Libchaber & Maurer at lower Prandtl number. In this case the fluid alternates between quasi-periodic and non-periodic states over a finite range in R. Several of these processes are also manifested by rather simple mathematical models, but the complicated dependence on geometrical parameters, Prandtl number, and mean flow structure has not been explained.
Normative force and normative freedom: Hume and Kant, but not Hume versus Kant

Our notion of normativity appears to combine, in a way difficult to understand but seemingly familiar from experience, elements of force and freedom. On the one hand, a normative claim is thought to have a kind of compelling authority; on the other hand, if our respecting it is to be an appropriate species of respect, it must not be coerced, automatic, or trivially guaranteed by definition. Both Hume and Kant, I argue, looked to aesthetic experience as a convincing example exhibiting this marriage of force and freedom, as well as showing how our judgment can come to be properly attuned to the features that constitute value. This image of attunement carries over into their respective accounts of moral judgment. The seemingly radical difference between their moral theories may be traceable not to a different conception of normativity, but to a difference in their empirical psychological theories – a difference we can readily spot in their accounts of aesthetics.
Effects of estradiol benzoate, estrone, and propionates of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone on sexual and related behaviors of ovariectomized Rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Ovariectomized adult rhesus monkeys were injected daily for 10 days with either 1 mg of dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP), 1 mg of testosterone propionate (TP), 10 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB), or 500 μg of estrone (El). On the 5th and 10th days of treatment, females received two 24-min behavioral tests with each of two adult males. All females received every hormonal treatment during the course of the study, with the order of treatments counterbalanced. Prior to the initiation of an hormonal treatment, each subject received two tests with no hormone treatment (NORX). Three behaviors related to female proceptivity were recorded. Treatment with DHTP had no influence on any aspect of proceptivity measured, in comparison to the NORX condition, whereas El or TP treatment augmented the frequencies of two of the proceptive behaviors and EB increased all three. The response of the male toward the female was influenced by the female's hormonal condition. Treatment with TP or DHTP did not increase the frequency of male contact or the mount rate in comparison to the NORX condition, whereas EB or El treatment did. In addition, DHTP was the only steroid which failed to increase the percentage of tests with intromission or ejaculation when compared to NORX. Female receptivity, as measured by acceptance or rejection of male contacts, was not different for the NORX-, TP-, EB-, or El-treated conditions. DHTP treatment, however, reduced female receptivity in comparison to all other conditions. Treatment with DHTP or TP resulted in an increase in the frequency of female yawning behavior, whereas neither estrogen treatment showed any effect on this behavior. The influences of TP on female proceptive and male sexual behavior were never duplicated or even approximated by treatment of females with the nonaromatizable DHTP. Nor was there any evidence that TP inhibited female receptivity below the level characteristic of NORX females, as was true for DHTP.
Obesity-Associated Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Pathological Features of the Lesion and Relationship With Cardiomegaly and Hyperlipidemia

In a review of the autopsies and medical records of 22 obese patients, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was present in seven. The FSGS was mild in all but one patient. The FSGS of obese patients has similar features to idiopathic FSGS; however, our findings suggest that it lacks the hyperplasia of glomerular epithelial cells, shows no predilection for the corticomedullary junction, and is probably more often seen in the hilar region of the glomeruli. FSGS or glomerulomegaly was not associated with the degree of obesity. We demonstrated lipid deposition in the kidney of obese patients. Obese patients with FSGS, compared to those without FSGS, had higher blood cholesterol (P < 0.10) and higher triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). The mean heart weight of obese patients with FSGS was greater than that of patients without FSGS (P < 0.01). Also, obese patients with FSGS had larger glomeruli (246 +/- 33 microns) than obese patients without FSGS (218 +/- 16 microns) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that cardiomegaly with hemodynamic changes and glomerular hyperfiltration may play a significant role in the glomerulomegaly and FSGS of obese patients. The secondary or contributory role of lipids in the development of the FSGS of obese patients remains to be determined.
A Semi-Supervised Learning Approach to Integrated Salient Risk Features for Bone Diseases

The study of the risk factor analysis and prediction for diseases requires the understanding of the complicated and highly correlated relationships behind numerous potential risk factors (RFs). The existing models for this purpose usually fix a small number of RFs based on the expert knowledge. Although handcrafted RFs are usually statistically significant, those abandoned RFs might still contain valuable information for explaining the comprehensiveness of a disease. However, it is impossible to simply keep all of RFs. So how to find the integrated risk features from numerous potential RFs becomes a particular challenging task. Another major challenge for this task is the lack of sufficient labeled data and missing values in the training data. In this paper, we focus on the identification of the relationships between a bone disease and its potential risk factors by learning a deep graphical model in an epidemiologic study for the purpose of predicting osteoporosis and bone loss. An effective risk factor analysis approach which delineates both observed and hidden risk factors behind a disease encapsulates the salient features and also provides a framework for two prediction tasks. Specifically, we first investigate an approach to show the salience of the integrated risk features yielding more abstract and useful representations for the prediction. Then we formulate the whole prediction problem as two separate tasks to evaluate our new representation of integrated features. With the success of the osteoporosis prediction, we further take advantage of the Positive output and predict the progression trend of osteoporosis severity. We capture the characteristics of data itself and intrinsic relatedness between two relevant prediction tasks by constructing a deep belief network followed with a two-stage fine-tuning (FT). Moreover, our proposed method results in stable and promising results without using any prior information. The superior performance on our evaluation metrics confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach for extraction of the integrated salient risk features for predicting bone diseases.
On the Choice of Inverse in the Adjustment of Coordinates

The usefulness of the generalized inverse of a matrix in the adjustment of coordinates by least squares is investigated. It is found that by imposing suitable conditions upon the coordinate corrections a virtually identical variance-covariance matrix can be obtained with considerably less computation.
BATMAV: A Biologically-Inspired Micro-Air Vehicle for Flapping Flight - Kinematic Modeling

The overall objective of the BATMAV project is the development of a biologically inspired bat-like Micro-Aerial Vehicle (MAV) with flexible and foldable wings, capable of flapping flight. This first phase of the project focuses particularly on the kinematical analysis of the wing motion in order to build an artificial-muscle-driven actuation system in the future. While flapping flight in MAV has been previously studied and a number of models were realized using light-weight nature-inspired rigid wings, this paper presents a first model for a platform that features bat-inspired wings with a number of flexible joints which allows mimicking the kinematics of the real flyer. The bat was chosen after an extensive analysis of the flight physics of small birds, bats and large insects characterized by superior gust rejection and obstacle avoidance. Typical engineering parameters such as wing loading, wing beat frequency etc. were studied and it was concluded that bats are a suitable platform that can be actuated efficiently using artificial muscles. Also, due to their wing camber variation, they can operate effectively at a large range of speeds and allow remarkably maneuverable flight. In order to understand how to implement the artificial muscles on a bat-like platform, the analysis was followed by a study of bat flight kinematics. Due to their obvious complexity, only a limited number of degrees of freedom (DOF) were selected to characterize the flexible wing's stroke pattern. An extended analysis of flight styles in bats based on the data collected by Norberg and the engineering theory of robotic manipulators resulted in a 2 and 4-DOF models which managed to mimic the wingbeat cycle of the natural flyer. The results of the kinematical model can be used to optimize the lengths and the attachment locations of the wires such that enough lift, thrust and wing stroke are obtained.
Theoretical study of the convergence of the fast decoupled load flow

A theoretical study of Stott's fast decoupled load flow (DLF) is presented. Convergence conditions for the DLF are obtained. The conditions can be checked by using the data of the network parameters and the calculation from the first iteration. The dependence of the conditions on the line R/X ratio, scheduled power injections, etc. is explained. At each iteration an error estimate of the computed value to the true solution is given. The convergence conditions also guarantee the existence and the uniqueness of load flow solution in a specified region of interest.
Toward an Empirical Case Definition of CFS

Abstract The current case definition of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was developed by consensus rather than empirical methods. From a practice point of view, if the case definition is not empirically-based, it is possible that some individuals with this illness might not be diagnosed, and others who do not have the disorder might be diagnosed. In the present study, 114 individuals with CFS were provided a theoretically driven questionnaire that featured neuropsychiatric, vascular, inflammatory, muscle/joint, infectious, and other symptoms. When symptoms using this classification were factor analyzed, a more interpretable factor structure was identified than when using symptoms from traditional case definition criteria. Factor scores from the new classification system were cluster analyzed, and four types of patient groups were identified. The field of CFS studies needs to be grounded in empirical methods for determining a case definition versus more consensus-based efforts. Such efforts will ultimately ...
Theoretical study of the polarization dependence of third-order optical nonlinearities in semiconductor microcavities

We present a microscopic theory of the coherent third order optical response of semiconductor quantum well micro cavities, specialized to the four-wave-mixing configuration in the spectral vicinity of the lowest exciton frequency. The theory is that of a quantum mechanical many-electron system dipole-coupled to a classical radiation field. The many-electron dynamics is treated within the dynamics- controlled-truncation formalism restricted to the 1s-exciton subspace. Within this limitation, al Coulomb correlation effects are included, resulting in an effective theory of exciton-polariton scattering. The theory is evaluated for various polarization configurations each of which depends differently on the underlying many-body effects, such as phase-space filing, Hartree-Fock exchange, and two-exciton correlations.
Injection of Flagellin into the Host Cell Cytosol by Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium

Bacterial flagellins are potent inducers of innate immunity. Three signaling pathways have been implicated in the sensing of flagellins; these involve toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and the cytosolic proteins Birc1e/Naip5 and Ipaf. Although the structural basis of TLR5-flagellin interaction is known, little is known about how flagellin enters the host cell cytosol to induce signaling via Birc1e/Naip5 and Ipaf. Here we demonstrate for the first time the translocation of bacterial flagellin into the cytosol of host macrophages by the vacuolar pathogen, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Translocation of flagellin into the host cell cytosol was directly demonstrated using β-lactamase reporter constructs. Flagellin translocation required the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III secretion system (SPI-1 T3SS) but not the flagellar T3SS.
A novel concept for a lithium lens exciter

A new circuit concept for the exciter to produce a 100-kA current pulse with a 1-ms flat top is presented. In every half-cycle a capacitor generates a current pulse. A thyristor-controlled rectifier charges the capacitor to the supply voltage, and a thyristor switch discharges it through a pulse transformer which supplies the lens. A zinc-oxide surge arrester, connected in parallel with the pulse transformer, produces the current flat top. The control of a larger current pulse with a nonlinear component improves the lens performance. The exciter can be built with commercially available components. >
Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms

Session 5 of 2007 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology focused on therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. This report discusses the diversity and relevance of clinical, pathologic, and genetic features and provides an update on the pathogenesis of these disorders. We highlight common diagnostic issues such as the differentiation between therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and therapy-related acute erythroid leukemia. As similar therapeutic interventions are frequently considered for patients with either of these diagnoses, in the current World Health Organization classification, regardless of morphologic presentation, therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are considered together as a unique clinicopathologic syndrome of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, recognition of the diverse morphologic features is crucial as bone marrow morphologic examination remains the first and important step of patient evaluation. We also present examples of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. In these cases, the precise classification is clinically important because it is associated with distinct clinical outcome.
A method of measuring base and emitter resistances of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs

The author describes a method of determining the base and emitter resistances of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) at a given bias from the S-parameter measurements at a single frequency. The base resistance values agree closely with the calculated values based on layout and sheet resistance considerations. The emitter resistance values agree with those obtained by the open collector method. The method is simple and elegant and can be applied to other bipolar devices as well. No special structures or additional measurements are required for this method. >
High resolution replication banding combined with in situ hybridization for the delineation of a subtle chromosome rearrangement

Molecular cytogenetic techniques were used to delineate a subtle chromosome rearrangement in an infant with growth and psychomotor retardation, abnormal scalp hair pattern, narrow palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, bulbous nose, small nostrils, thin lips in a cupid's bow configuration, bilateral simian creases, and unilateral cryptorchidism. Analysis using GTG-banded chromosomes at about 400 band level showed no obvious abnormality. Prometaphase analysis at about 600 band level showed an extra band at 14q32 on GTG-banding. The father had the same extra band suggesting a reciprocal translocation but the second chromosome involved in the translocation could not be identified. High resolution replication banding on the father's lymphocytes showed a balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XY,rcp(8;14)(q24.1;q32.1). The translocation was confirmed by in situ hybridization with an immunoglobulin heavy chain probe which maps to 14q32.3. The infant therefore had duplication of 8q24.1----qter and deficiency of 14q32.1----qter. His phenotype resembled that of patients with partial duplications of the distal long arm of chromosome 8.
Experimental Evaluation of CH–π Interactions in a Protein Core

CH-π stacks up! Using the protein α(2) D as a model system, we estimate that a CH-π contact between cyclohexylalanine (Cha) and phenylalanine (F) contributes approximately -0.7 kcal mol(-1) to the protein stability. The stacking F-Cha pairs are sequestered in the core of the protein, where water interference does not exist (see figure). Therefore, the observed energetic gain should represent the inherent magnitude and upper limit of the CH-π interactions.
Self organization of wireless sensor networks using ultra-wideband radios

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has proven to be useful in short range, high data rate, robust, and low power communications. These features can make UWB systems ideal candidates for reliable data communications between nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, the low powered UWB pulses can be significantly degraded by channel noise, inter-node interference, and intentional jamming. In This work we present a novel interference suppression technique for UWB based WSN that promises self-organization in terms of power conservation, scalability, and channel estimation for the entire distributed network.
Outer membranes of Gram‐negative bacteria are permeable to steroid probes

The permeability of bacterial outer membranes was assayed by coupling the influx of highly hydrophobic probes, 3-oxosteroids, with their subsequent oxidation catalysed by 3-oxosteroid delta 1-dehydrogenase, expressed from a gene cloned from Pseudomonas testosteroni. In Salmonella typhimurium producing wild-type lipopolysaccharide, the permeability coefficients for uncharged steroids were 0.45 to 1 x 10(-5) cm s-1, and the diffusion appeared to occur mainly through the lipid bilayer domains of the outer membrane. These rates are one or two magnitudes lower than that expected for their diffusion through the usual biological membranes. The permeation rates were markedly increased (up to 100 times) when the lipopolysaccharide leaflet was perturbed either by adding deacylpolymyxin or by introducing mutations leading to the production of deep rough lipopolysaccharides. An amphiphilic, negatively charged probe, testosterone hemisuccinate, penetrated much more slowly than the uncharged steroids. Study of various Gram-negative species revealed that P. testosteroni, Pseudomonas acidovorans, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus showed higher outer membrane permeability to steroid probes and higher susceptibility to hydrophobic agents such as fusidic acid, novobiocin and crystal violet relative to S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRONIC STATES OF SeH AND SeH

Abstract Complete active space MC SCF (CAS SCF) followed by second-order CI calculations are carried out on low-lying states of SeH. Spin—orbit interaction is introduced through a relativistic CI method for the 2 Π 3 2 , 2 Π 1 2 , 2 Σ + 1 2 , 3 2 (II) and 5 2 states. Spectroscopic properties of the bound states ( R e , T e , ω e ) are computed and compared with experimental results on the ground state. The calculated dissociation energy for the ground state including spin—orbit effects is 3.18 eV; its spin—orbit splitting constant is calculated to be − 1934 cm −1 . The 5 2 and 3 2 (II) excited states of SeH (yet to be observed) exhibit interesting avoided crossings. Relativistic CI calculations are also carried out on five low-lying electronic states of SeH + . Spectroscopic properties of four bound states of SeH + are reported.
Stem Cell Niches: Famished Paneth Cells, Gluttonous Stem Cells

Adult tissue stem cells adjust to environmental changes. A new study in the mouse intestine reveals that caloric restriction causes Paneth cells to repress mTORC1 signaling; this in turn stimulates proliferation of neighboring stem cells.
Radioimmunoassay of hepatitis B core antigen and antibody with autologous reagents.

. Anti-HBc is the most sensitive indicator of current or recent hepatitis B virus infection, hence its detection is valuable in laboratory diagnosis of the infection. Dane particles isolated from the plasma of a single chronic carrier and his autologous IgG labeled with 125I were utilized in a solid-phase sandwich radioimmunoassay for anti-HBc. The principle of serologic neutralization of core antigen and consequent inhibition of binding of the cores to the solid-phase rendered the method to be a simple, sensitive, specific and rapid means of detecting anti-HBc.
Issues of sexuality in the elderly.

CASE 1 A vibrant, robust 75–year-old widower visits his doctor for a routine check-up. As the doctor reviews the patient’s pillboxes, he notices a small Tylenol bottle with a large ‘V’ inscribed on it. The patient explains, “That’s for my lady friends in Florida.” The perplexed doctor’s look evoked further explanation: “My urologist gave me viagra for when I’m in Florida, I have a few lady friends that I visit with.” During the summer, the patient lives with his daughter in Rhode Island, which doesn’t allow for much privacy. In the winter, he lives alone in his condominium in Florida, giving him plenty of opportunity for sexual intimacy with his lady friends. This healthy and physically active elderly gentleman remains sexually active with the help of medications to treat his mild erectile dysfunction (ED). CASE 2
Targeting oncogenic and epigenetic survival pathways in lymphoma

In recent years, several genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified and linked with deregulated signaling pathways that promote growth and survival of lymphoma cells. These discoveries have raised hopes that a new era of targeted therapy will eventually improve treatment outcome of lymphoma. In this focused review, we summarize emerging preclinical and clinical data supporting the development of novel agents targeting B cell receptor signaling, phosphoinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, we discuss new data on targeting chromatin modulating mechanisms.
Effects of Ouabain on Insulin Secretion in the Dog

The mechanism of the previously reported hypoglycemic effect of ouabain was studied in dogs. Ouabain (1.0 µg/kg/min infused intravenously for 60 minutes) combined with insulin or propranolol caused a greater and more prolonged decrease in blood glucose than either of the drugs administered separately. In intact dogs, ouabain changed significantly portohepatic venous differences in plasma glucose from +6.6 to -13.6 mg/100 ml and in K+ from -0.03 to -0.4 mEq/liter. In pancreatectomized animals, ouabain did not cause any significant decrease in peripheral glucose level, and the portohepatic differences in plasma glucose changed from +5.3 to +30.2 mg/100 ml and the differences in K+ from -0.01 to +0.2 mEq/liter. These changes, indicating an increased release of glucose and K+ by the liver in the pancreatectomized dog, were also observed in isolated rat liver perfused with ouabain 10-6M. Glucose uptake of the hindlimb increased significantly during the infusion of ouabain in normal dogs, but did not change in ...
The Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins ESC and E(Z) bind directly to each other and co-localize at multiple chromosomal sites

The Polycomb Group gene esc encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein required for transcriptional silencing of the homeotic genes. Unlike other Polycomb Group genes, esc is expressed and apparently required only during early embryogenesis, suggesting it is required for the initial establishment of silencing but not for its subsequent maintenance. We present evidence that the ESC protein interacts directly with E(Z), another Polycomb Group protein required for silencing of the homeotic genes. We show that the most highly conserved region of ESC, containing seven WD motifs that are predicted to fold into a beta-propeller structure, mediate its binding to a conserved N-terminal region of E(Z). Mutations in the WD region that perturb ESC silencing function in vivo also perturb binding to E(Z) in vitro. The entire WD region forms a trypsin-resistant structure, like known beta -propeller domains, and mutations that would affect the predicted ESC beta-propeller perturb its trypsin-resistance, while a putative structure-conserving mutation does not. We show by co-immunoprecipitation that ESC and E(Z) are directly associated in vivo and that they also co-localize at many chromosomal binding sites. Since E(Z) is required for binding of other Polycomb Group proteins to chromosomes, these results suggest that formation of an E(Z):ESC complex at Polycomb Response Elements may be an essential prerequisite for the establishment of silencing.
Predtron: a family of online algorithms for general prediction problems

Modern prediction problems arising in multilabel learning and learning to rank pose unique challenges to the classical theory of supervised learning. These problems have large prediction and label spaces of a combinatorial nature and involve sophisticated loss functions. We offer a general framework to derive mistake driven online algorithms and associated loss bounds. The key ingredients in our framework are a general loss function, a general vector space representation of predictions, and a notion of margin with respect to a general norm. Our general algorithm, Predtron, yields the perceptron algorithm and its variants when instantiated on classic problems such as binary classification, multiclass classification, ordinal regression, and multilabel classification. For multilabel ranking and subset ranking, we derive novel algorithms, notions of margins, and loss bounds. A simulation study confirms the behavior predicted by our bounds and demonstrates the flexibility of the design choices in our framework.
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: New Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexual Precocity

This article covers considerations in the etiology of various forms of precocious puberty and premature sexual development. The normal pubertal process with maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis is reviewed. The differential diagnosis of precocious puberty is discussed with particular emphasis on the difference between gonadotropin-dependent and gonadotropin-independent processes. Established therapies and newer medical treatments with their pathophysiologic rationale are considered in detail.
The Learning Curve: Computer Assisted Instruction and Programming

The present study evaluates the learning curve of students who are learning to program in BASIC via classroom instruction supplemented by the use of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) software tutorials. This study identifies the “difficult to understand” areas. It concludes that some topics are significantly more difficult to understand as compared to other topics. It further appears that as the level of topic difficulty increases, the additional complexity offsets the effects of the learning phenomena, leading to a slower pace of learning more advanced topics. The understanding of such problems may be helpful for system resources planning and control.
Distribution of Digits in Integers

(1977). Distribution of Digits in Integers. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 198-201.
Testicular degeneration as a result of microwave irradiation.

SummaryA study was made concerning the effects of 12 cm electromagnetic waves and of infra red irradiations upon the testes of adult albino rats. A single ten-minute exposure to microwaves at a temperature of 35°C as measured in the central areas of the testes caused testicular degeneration in all cases. In some experiments testicular damage resulted from a single exposure at temperatures between 30° and 35°C. Testicular damage was not found in experiments in which infra red irradiation was applied for 10 minutes at 38°C but was observed when applied at a temperature of 40°C and above. The type of degeneration resulting from microwave exposure could not be distinguished from that produced by infra red.
Effects of Goal Commitment and Solution Building on the Completion Rates for a Juvenile Diversion Program

Strengths-based, goal-focused approaches to working with at-risk youth have been successfully used by mentoring programs, therapeutic interventions, prevention programs, and self-help groups. However, few such approaches have been used to inform juvenile diversion programs. This is partially explained by limited empirical research on mechanisms of change used by goal-focused interventions in populations of young offenders. The authors use goal-setting theory to explore the effects of goal commitment and solution building on program completion, in a sample of violent first-time offenders (N = 159). Mediation effects of solution building in the relationship between goal commitment and program completion were tested using both Baron and Kenny’s and Preacher and Hayes’s approaches. Results showed that high goal commitment and solution building were significant predictors of program completion. In addition, solution building fully mediated the impact of goal commitment on program completion. Implications for r...
An Arrangement of Dynamic Education Mode Based on Tourism Conglomerates

The paper,through the state comparison of China's tourism education and the development of tourism industry based on the sample survey and analysis of demonstrative data,points out that there exists a kind of balance and imbalance state in the process of the development of tourism education and tourism industry.It suggests a dynamic education mode in which tourism education develops coordinately with tourism industry.
Air Cooling Unit of Powdered Resin Precoat Filter Debugging Points Analysis

Introduction of a thermal power engineering of air cooling unit of the powdered resin precoat filter system commissioning,expounds the debugging of key points and matters need attention.For the same type unit commissioning work to provide reference.
Importance and emphasis of mycobacteriology competencies as perceived by educators.

Objective To compile a list of mycobacteriology competencies and to investigate the importance and emphasis of these competencies as perceived by clinical laboratory educators of three program types. Design Use of a survey instrument, which included 97 competency statements with Likert-type scales for the quantitative study of importance and emphasis of competencies. Study selection Randomly selected sample from all accredited college/university-based clinical laboratory science programs, hospital-based clinical laboratory science programs, and associate-degree clinical laboratory technician programs. Data synthesis For analysis, the competencies were divided into eight sub-categories. Means for each competency and each sub-category were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to determine any difference among the three program types for each sub-category of competencies. Chi-square analysis was used to determine significant differences for competencies requiring dichotomous responses. Conclusion With the significant increase in tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses, the mycobacteriology experience for clinical laboratory students must be validated for relevance.
A comprehensive capacity assessment tool for non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries: development and results of pilot testing

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, with higher rates of premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This places a high economic burden on these countries, which usually have limited capacity to address this public health problem. We developed a guided self-assessment tool for describing national capacity for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this tool was to assist countries in identifying key opportunities and gaps in NCD capacity. It was piloted in three countries between 2012 and 2013: Mozambique, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. The tool includes details about NCD burden; health system infrastructure and primary care services; workforce capacity; surveillance; planning, policy, and program management; and partnerships. In the three pilot countries, the tool helped to identify differences in capacity needs pertaining to staff, training, and surveillance, but similarities were also found related to NCD challenges and opportunities. The NCD tool increased our understanding of needs and critical capacity elements for addressing NCDs in the three pilot countries. This tool can be used by other LMICs to map their efforts toward addressing NCD goals and defining priorities.