cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An exploration of the autonomic effects of phenothiazines.

To summarize, seven male chronic schizophrenic patients who were tested when under placebo and again under active phenothiazine medication were compared with eleven male patients tested both times under active phenothiazines. Phenothiazines produced no appreciable change in autonomic balance but instead, in replication of Sherry's earlier findings, brought about a change in autonomic pattern in which an increase in heart rate, a decrease in skin conductance, and possibly an increase in finger temperature predominated. There was an indication that heart rate reactivity is reduced by phenothiazines. A more desirable psychological status in terms of behavior ratings tends to be associated with a more parasympathetic autonomic balance. Other studies have shown that the use of phenothiazines is associated with improvement in behavioral ratings, but the present study suggests that phenothiazines do not produce an autonomic balance shift in the parasympathetic direction. In the discussion of this apparent contradiction, it was suggested that those who improve most from phenothiazine treatment may be those in whom a particular autonomic pattern induced by such drugs is less pronounced.
RT-26RE-RESECTION FOR RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA IN THE SETTING OF RE-IRRADIATION: SURVIVAL OUTCOMES UPDATE

BACKGROUND: While patients with high grade gliomas (HGG) experience a high rate of recurrence, current treatment at recurrence remains controversial. Historically, re-resection for recurrent GBM demonstrates a significant survival benefit following reoperation of 3-13 months compared to 1-2 months without treatment. Here we investigate whether re-resection will improve survival in patients receiving fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for recurrence. METHODS: 231 patients with recurrent HGG treated with re-irradiation between 1994 and 2012 at our institution were analyzed. FSRT was delivered using daily fractions of 3.5 Gy, median total dose of 35 Gy. 105 patients also underwent re-resection. Survival was then analyzed comparing patients with and without re-resection. Median survival time (MST) was defined as survival from initial diagnosis. Survival time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The MST for the entire group is 22.5 months. There is no significant difference in survival between patients who received re-resection vs no re-resection, the MST was 23 months, and 21.9 months respectively (HR 1.1, p = 0.6). Those undergoing re-resection, 30 received gross total resection and 75 subtotal resection, with a MST of 22.0 and 26 months, respectively (p = 0.24). On univariate analysis, age and histology were significant factors (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, age remained significant for survival but no other factor (chemotherapy, histology, extent of resection, eloquent location, KPS) was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveals there is no significant improvement in survival with the addition of re-resection to patients who received FSRT for recurrent HGG. To our knowledge, this data analyzes the largest cohort of HGG treated with FSRT with and without surgical resection after recurrence. We hypothesize that the favorable survival seen in our cohort is derived from local control benefit due to the addition of FSRT.
IERI. Application Procedures for Evaluation of Veiling Reflections in Terms of ESI: I. General Principles

(1973). IERI. Application Procedures for Evaluation of Veiling Reflections in Terms of ESI: I. General Principles. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 230-253.
Improved concurrent optimization formulation of crewed space habitats and their supporting logistics systems

This paper refines a previously proposed problem formulation that can be applied to integrated space station system design. The Integrated Space Station Optimization (ISSO) formulation combines both a space habitat and its supporting logistics design into one single optimization problem. In this way, a space-based habitat and its logistics resupply system can be designed concurrently and effective trades can be conducted between them. This work improves the previous work about the ISSO in terms of the definition of scientific return. The previous definition of scientific return assumes that the trades between different attributes (e.g. upmass and crew time) are possible. However, this is not always true because many scientific experiments have optimal ratios of these attributes. This paper proposes a new definition of scientific return to captures this feature and shows how the ISSO can improve the performance from the aspect of imbalance between multiple attributes. Numerical results show the benefits of the proposed problem formulation for both retrospective and forward-looking analysis.
A Hierarchical Nanostructure Electrode with 3-Dimensional ZnO Nanorod and Pedot Nanotube and Nanofiber Network Assembly for Supercapacitor Energy Storage.

Nanocomposites in the 3-D nanoarchitecture using vertically aligned ZnO nanorods template to create conducting polymer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Pedot) nanotube and nanofibrous network structures using the facile electrochemical synthesis approach is described. Such electrodes structured at the nanoscale enable many fold enhancement of electroactive surface and interface with electrolyte facilitating absorption, ingress and diffusion of electrolyte ions which lead to increased energy and power density of supercapacitor devices. Electrochemical properties evaluated by electrochemical impedance show specific capacitance of 99 to162.99 mF.cm-2 and extremely low bulk and charge transfer resistance of 5.4 Ω.cm2 in comparison to ZnO and Pedot.
In Silico Design of Highly Selective Mo-V-Te-Nb-O Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Ammoxidation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane and Ethane

We used density functional theory quantum mechanics with periodic boundary conditions to determine the atomistic mechanism underlying catalytic activation of propane by the M1 phase of Mo-V-Nb-Te-O mixed metal oxides. We find that propane is activated by Te═O through our recently established reduction-coupled oxo activation mechanism. More importantly, we find that the C–H activation activity of Te═O is controlled by the distribution of nearby V atoms, leading to a range of activation barriers from 34 to 23 kcal/mol. On the basis of the new insight into this mechanism, we propose a synthesis strategy that we expect to form a much more selective single-phase Mo-V-Nb-Te-O catalyst.
Detection and genotyping of hantavirus M and S gene and its phylogenetic analysis

To investigate the genotype and characteristic of hantavirus M and S hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),lung tissues of rats were screened by immunofluorescent antibody assay(IFA),and the total RNA was extracted from the serum of HFRS patients and IFA positive lung tissues.RT-PCR was applied to amplify the M and S gene of hantavirus after specific primers were designed.PCR positive product was recovered and purified before cloning to the pMD-18 T vector and the sequencing was carried by ABI3730 gene sequencer.The obtained sequencings were compared to the HTNV and SEOV sequences of hantavirus for nucleotide homology analysis and applied MEGA5.0.4 software to construct the phylogenetic tree.The yellow-green needle-like particles were scattered in the positive lung tissues under fluorescence microscope.The PCR products of M and S gene was about 490bp and 593bp with general primers and the further amplification with HTNV typing primers to the M and S gene was respectively 242bp and 276bp,while the amplified results of M and S gene were negative with the primers of SEOV.The sequences of Hunan01,Hunan02 and Hunan03 had a high nucleotide homology to the 84FLi and SN7 strains,which had a lower homology to the Gou3 strain.Hunan01,Hunan02 and Hunan03 were belonged to H5 subtype of HTNV.In conclusion,the technology of genotyping is appropriate for hantavirus diagnosis,and the HTNV patients and animal hosts are exist in Hunan Province.
Research on promoting the construction of the national cultural center in Beijing

Since China tries to make it as one of the strongest socialist culture nations in the world, as the national culture center of China, Beijing is responsible for leading the development of China's culture and the participation in international cultural competition. Beijing has been making all efforts to develop cultural and creative industries, take the preservation and development of historical and cultural heritages to a new level, improve the public cultural service system, stimulate mass cultural consumption, and to bring Chinese culture "going out", by dong so the nation's cultural center status has been consolidated. There are still big gaps in cultural facilities and industries between Beijing and those cities which are recognized as cultural centers of the world. It is suggested that Beijing should actively strengthen the cultural and creative industries, deepen cultural projects and construct better cultural service system, strengthen the protection of cultural heritages, and expand cultural exchange between China and foreign countries.
Growth failure in renal disease.

Growth failure in renal disease is related to age at onset, type of disease, degree of malnutrition, and presence or absence of rickets. Growth may be restored in patients who have “classic” or “distal” renal tubular acidosis when treated early and in patients with transient proximal tubular acidosis. Growth may be improved in other forms of renal disease by providing adequate caloric intake, treatment of renal rickets, and proper adjustment of steroid therapy in the post-transplantation phase.
CSLM - a modular open-source continuous space language modeling toolkit.

Language models play a very important role in many natural language processing applications, in particular large vocabulary speech recognition and statistical machine translation. For a long time, back-off n-gram language models were considered to be the state-of-art when large amounts of training data are available. Recently, so called continuous space methods or neural network language models have shown to systematically outperform these models and they are getting increasingly popular. This article describes an open-source toolkit that implements these models in a very efficient way, including support for GPU cards. The modular architecture makes it very easy to work with different data formats and to support various alternative models. Using data selection, resampling techniques and a highly optimized code, training on more than five billions words takes less than 24 hours. The resulting models achieve reductions in the perplexity of almost 20%. This toolkit has been very successfully applied to various languages for large vocabulary speech recognition and statistical machine translation. By making available this toolkit we hope that many more researchers will be able to work on this very promising technique, and by these means, quickly advance the field.
CO2 Storage in the Subsurface

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews significant milestones and successes achieved in underground CO2-storage technology over the past few years. All realistic underground storage options, including the current state-of the-art technology, are described, and the specific technical problems associated with each individual option are summarized and explained briefly. A more serious and more fundamental problem, associated with the use of fossil energy, concerns CO2 emissions, which are known to account for about 50% of the increase of the greenhouse effect. The essential problem of the greenhouse effect is its irreversible character at a human time scale. Several government organizations have started to support research initiatives to study possible solutions for reducing CO2 emissions worldwide. Possible solutions include saving energy, use of renewable energy resources, nuclear energy, energy farming, reforestation, and the prevention of deforestation. CO2 emissions could also be reduced by changing the fuel mix, or by removing CO2 from the waste streams of fuel-burning processes. The removed CO2 could subsequently be stored in the oceans or in geological formations.
E-paper: Clarifying future R&D needs by a fundamental understanding of the maximum performance of current technologies

Presented herein is a critical review of all major e-paper technologies, including a technical breakdown of the performance limitations based on device physics, and commentary on possible future breakthroughs. In addition, the visual requirements for color e-paper are provided, and compared to standards used in conventional print. It is concluded that researchers have much work remaining in order to bridge the significant gap between current performance and ultimate consumer requirements.
Point-of-Purchase Alcohol Ads in One Low-Income Community in Central California: Occurrence and Women's Perceptions

This study explores the occurrence of point-of-purchase (POP) alcohol ads in one low-income community Central California, identifies their target audience and themes, and obtains their perspective on how the ads influence women’s alcohol consumption. Methods included observation of POP alcohol ads in local supermarket and convenience stores that sell alcohol products, content analysis of a selection of these POP alcohol ads, and focus group discussions with young women who are mostly in their twenties from both Latina and non-Latina backgrounds. A total of 2,021 POP alcohol ads were observed in 164 retail establishments that sell alcohol. Of these ads, we took photos of 64 different ads for content analysis. Our content analysis indicated that most POP alcohol poster ads appealed both to men and women, with themes mainly related to sex and sports. Focus group interviews indicated that sex and sports-themed alcohol ads, coupled with the presence of peers and family members that drink alcohol, are influential in women’s decisions to drink. The influence of alcohol ads on norms regarding alcohol consumption warrant stronger anti-alcohol policies, such as the banning alcohol ads in places frequented by minors, and the implementation of anti-alcohol marketing campaigns with a health consequences focus.
Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution Jo B. Paoletti. Indiana University Press, 2015.

Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution Jo B. Paoletti. Indiana University Press, 2015.In Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution, author Jo B. Paoletti brings together several strands of scholarship in her examination of how American cultural shifts impact gender roles and fashion, centering on the very brief late sixties fad of truly unisex fashion. Focusing on the 1960s and 1970s, Paoletti incorporates research from dress studies, social science, gender studies, history, media studies, and law -among others-to contextualize her examination of the many ways the three issues in her subtitle intertwine. "Yes, fashion is fun," she asserts in her introduction, "but clothing is also bound up with the most serious business we do as humans: expressing ourselves as we understand ourselves" (13).Though this complex and compelling book begins with a brief note acknowledging the author's own generational placement in the center of the cultural and trends described, Paoletti's text is not structured as a linear history. Rather, she discusses the demographic changes that impacted both consumerism and the sexual revolution as a way to set the stage for her multifaceted approach to the topic, and this is but one of the frameworks she establishes to allow a reader into her discussion. Drawing on the evolutionary concept of punctuated equilibrium as a model to help explain how fashion trends and ideas about gender roles change very gradually over long periods and then sometimes exhibit very rapid changes-which require adjustment and adaptation in the aftermath-she examines the multiple and sometimes recursive strands of cultural connections in thematic, clearly connected ways.Critical analysis of the impact three very different best sellers-Helen Gurley Brown's Sex and the Single Girl (1962), Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique (1963), and Helen B. Andelin's Fascinating Womanhood (1963)-had on modern ideas about femininity informs the book's overall argument, as does her examination of so many aspects of fashion and culture: costume designs in film, trends covered in the fashion press, photo spreads in mail-order clothing catalogues, patterns published for at-home sewing, recommendations in tomes on appropriate attire for the workplace, and an analysis of how male hairstyle trends were reflected in men's sports and the popular press. Additionally, descriptions of gendered expectations (that men show deference to authority and that women display modesty) mix with intricacies of Title IX, class critiques of formality in dress, articulations of liberty in civil rights movements, and the economic impact of empty barbershops to take their place among the many disparate strands Paoletti weaves together into a cohesive analysis of her central question-which is of much more cultural significance than a reader might first assume. …
Reduction in Step Height Variation and Correcting Contrast Inversion in Dynamic AFM of WS 2 Monolayers

A model has been developed to account for and prevent the anomalies encountered in topographic images of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers using dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM). The height of WS2 monolayers measured using dAFM appeared to be increased or decreased, resulting from the interactions between the tip and the surface. The hydrophilic SiO2 substrate appeared higher than the weakly hydrophilic WS2 when the tip amplitude was low or at a high set point (high force). Large amplitudes and low set points corrected the step height inversion, but did not recover the true step height. Removing water from the sample resulted in an order of magnitude reduced variation in step height, but the WS2 appeared inverted except at low amplitudes and high set points. Our model explains the varying step heights in dAFM of TMDs as a result of varying tip-sample interactions between the sample and substrate, in the presence or absence of capillaries. To eliminate contrast inversion, high amplitudes can be used to reduce the effect of capillary forces. However, when capillaries are not present, low amplitudes and high set points produce images with proper contrast due to tool operation in the repulsive regime on both materials.
Economic harm as a basis for refugee status and the application of human rights law to the interpretation of economic persecution

The 1951 Refugee Convention is so strongly linked in people’s minds to the protection of civil and political rights that refugee status is often referred to as “political asylum.” Yet claims to refugee status based on economic forms of persecution and on persecution for reasons of economic status have long been recognized as falling within the Convention definition. Although refugee judges routinely assess such claims, consensus remains elusive on the extent to which the Convention properly encompasses violations of economic, social or cultural rights. This chapter provides an overview of the standards governing economic persecution claims in order to assess arguments for a more restrictive approach based on the limitations of the Refugee Convention and for a more expansive approach based on developments in socio-economic rights law. It outlines the two tests used to assess economic forms of persecution and surveys their application in recent cases decided in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It concludes that notwithstanding the formal difference in standards, in practice most cases are decided by reference to the more stringent of the two tests and queries whether this is an appropriate reading of the Convention. It then critiques two contrasting perspectives on the place of economic claims under the Convention, questioning the wisdom of importing restrictive policy considerations so blatantly into definitional issues, while also suggesting a number of reasons that an economic rights framework may prove particularly challenging for refugee judges. The chapter concludes that the jurisprudential value of a human rights framework for economic persecution claims has yet to be demonstrated.
Processes at discontinuities

Leyton [1988] developed a set of rules by which process-history can be recovered from smooth natural shapes such as outlines of tumors, clouds, or islands. In this paper, we extend this analysis to deal with shapes with first-order discontinuities such as corners, creases and cusps. A simple extension to the notation allows one extra rule to cover most of these phenomena.
ACUTE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHLORPROMAZINE IN NEUROLEPTIC THERAPY-RESISTANT CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS*

Drug-free chronic schizophrenic patients with a history of resistance to therapy with neuroleptic drugs were matched with an equal number of mentally normal male volunteers. All subjects and patients were given 0.5 mg/kg of chlorpromazine intramuscularly and various physiological endpoints were measured. These included pupillary diameter, patellar reflex, arterial blood pressure and heart rate. There were no differences in the acute pharmacological effects of chlorpromazine in these two groups. The data suggest that therapeutic benefit of chlorpromazine is probably not directly related to its acute pharmacological effects but to other factors.
Realization of Arithmetic Operators Based on Stochastic Number Frequency Signal Representation

This paper presents new arithmetic operators based on frequency signal representation. The results obtained when testing/simulating the arithmetic operators circuits with ModelSim PE student 10.4a are also shown. Such operations are similar but not the same as those in Stochastic Number Representations (SNRs). Multiplica- tion, division, roots and others are discussed, realized and simulated. The future goal is to realize them with memristors for a new type of a massively parallel CMOS- memristor FPGA, as memristors offer low-power, parallel operations.
Treatment of Prepubertal Labial Adhesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract Study Objective Although various treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of labial adhesions, there are currently no clearly outlined limits on the duration of topical therapy, amount of lateral traction to apply, and methods to decrease the recurrence. This clinical trial was undertaken to assess the need for estrogen for treatment of prepubertal labial adhesions. Design Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Setting Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinic at a children's hospital in a metropolitan area. Participants Prepubertal girls ages 3 months to 12 years with labial adhesions. Interventions Lateral traction with topical estrogen or topical emollient. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was resolution of labial adhesions. The secondary outcome was the change in severity of labial adhesions over time between the 2 groups. Results Forty-three girls were enrolled and 38 (88%) completed the study. The difference in complete resolution between the topical emollient group (19%) and the topical estrogen group (36%) was not statistically significant (P = .21). There was a statistically significant decrease in severity of labial adhesions over time, with the magnitude of improvement favoring the topical estrogen group. Conclusion Although labial adhesion severity decreased when treated with lateral traction and topical emollient or topical estrogen, the magnitude of the effect was significantly greater for topical estrogen.
Decreasing Inappropriate Use of Rasburicase to Promote Cost-Effective Care.

BACKGROUND:Rasburicase is a recommended treatment of tumor lysis syndrome and patients at high-risk for developing tumor lysis syndrome. Unfortunately, it is expensive, and unnecessary use raises c...
Disruption of Written Language in Aphasia

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines some of the research work on the acquisition, structure, and pathology of the written languages. It also presents the analysis of two types of original data: the writing of a group of subjects responding to a pictorial stimulus and the spontaneous writing of one aphasic patient in the form of letters and diaries. Assessments of written language have largely been the work of educational psychologists, whose techniques are essentially methods for measuring complexity or variety in samples of writing from selected populations writing to specific tasks. Increase in the length of composition and of its components is one manifestation of increased writing maturity. Vocabulary development is usually measured along three parameters: fluency, diversity, and complexity. Writing disturbances are usually part of a complex aphasic syndrome in which writing is the most disrupted component. Focal cerebral lesions in childhood can result in language disruptions similar to the aphasic disorders of the adult. Childhood aphasia involves the nervous system and language function in the process of maturation. At the level of syntax and morphology, three primary areas of errors are isolated: verbs, articles, and prepositions. In the use of verbs, omission of the auxiliary in present progressive is the most frequent error, followed in frequency by tense shift from past to present. In the use of articles, omissions of both definite and indefinite articles are observed, while additions and substitutions are rare. In the use of prepositions, mostly omissions are encountered, with infrequent substitutions and no additions.
Factors associated with increased survival after surgical resection of glioblastoma in octogenarians.

Elderly patients with glioblastoma represent a clinical challenge for neurosurgeons and oncologists. The data available on outcomes of patients greater than 80 undergoing resection is limited. In this study, factors linked to increased survival in patients over the age of 80 were analyzed. A retrospective chart review of all patients over the age of 80 with a new diagnosis of glioblastoma and who underwent surgical resection with intent for maximal resection were examined. Patients who had only stereotactic biopsies were excluded. Immunohistochemical expression of oncogenic drivers (p53, EGFR, IDH-1) and a marker of cell proliferation (Ki-67 index) performed upon routine neuropathological examination were recorded. Stepwise logistic regression and Kaplan Meier survival curves were plotted to determine correlations to overall survival. Fifty-eight patients fit inclusion criteria with a mean age of 83 (range 80–93 years). The overall median survival was 4.2 months. There was a statistically significant correlation between Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and overall survival (P < 0.05). There was a significantly longer survival among patients undergoing either radiation alone or radiation and chemotherapy compared to those who underwent no postoperative adjuvant therapy (p < 0.05). There was also an association between overall survival and lack of p53 expression (p < 0.001) and lack of EGFR expression (p <0.05). In this very elderly population, overall survival advantage was conferred to those with higher preoperative KPS, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and lack of protein expression of EGFR and p53. These findings may be useful in clinical decision analysis for management of patients with glioblastoma who are octogenarians, and also validate the critical role of EGFR and p53 expression in oncogenesis, particularly with advancing age.
Methodological Issues in Prevention

This chapter will review methodological issues that need to be considered in designing and implementing preventive-oriented interventions. These concerns are not unique to this chapter, as many of the other contributors to this handbook mention methodological principles. The present chapter, however, more comprehensively and exclusively deals with those experimental and methodological concepts which might guide the planning of preventive projects.
The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect†: by Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie, Basic Books (2018). ISBN: 978-0465097609.

Judea Pearl is on a mission to change the way we interpret data. An eminent professor of computer science, Pearl has documented his research and opinions in scholarly books and papers. Now, he has ...
MimickNet, Mimicking Clinical Image Post- Processing Under Black-Box Constraints

Image post-processing is used in clinical-grade ultrasound scanners to improve image quality (e.g., reduce speckle noise and enhance contrast). These post-processing techniques vary across manufacturers and are generally kept proprietary, which presents a challenge for researchers looking to match current clinical-grade workflows. We introduce a deep learning framework, MimickNet, that transforms conventional delay-and-summed (DAS) beams into the approximate Dynamic Tissue Contrast Enhanced (DTCE™) post-processed images found on Siemens clinical-grade scanners. Training MimickNet only requires post-processed image samples from a scanner of interest without the need for explicit pairing to DAS data. This flexibility allows MimickNet to hypothetically approximate any manufacturer’s post-processing without access to the pre-processed data. MimickNet post-processing achieves a 0.940 ± 0.018 structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) compared to clinical-grade post-processing on a 400 cine-loop test set, 0.937 ± 0.025 SSIM on a prospectively acquired dataset, and 0.928 ± 0.003 SSIM on an out-of-distribution cardiac cine-loop after gain adjustment. To our knowledge, this is the first work to establish deep learning models that closely approximate ultrasound post-processing found in current medical practice. MimickNet serves as a clinical post-processing baseline for future works in ultrasound image formation to compare against. Additionally, it can be used as a pretrained model for fine-tuning towards different post-processing techniques. To this end, we have made the MimickNet software, phantom data, and permitted in vivo data open-source at https://github.com/ouwen/MimickNet .
Combined Guided and Open Inquiry Project for an Upper Division Biochemistry Lab: Sugar Content, Enzymatic Properties of Lactase, and the Spoiling Process in Milk

Guided inquiry is the practice of allowing students to come to their own conclusions about a set of data instead of verifying a known result using a given experimental procedure. Open inquiry takes...
Appointment Robbery: Do Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Strategies Work? Voices from the Street

reduced with modifications and planning to the physical environment by making involvement in criminal activity more difficult to complete by increasing the visibility of the offender thereby raising the risk of being caught. A new type of criminal opportunity has evolved in the 21st Century with the introduction and explosion of direct e-commerce opportunities with online and app advertisements to buy and sell items through such venues as Craigslist, OfferUp, Letgo, and Facebook Marketplace. This new crime is defined as an ‘appointment robbery’. Using interviews of 12 active robbers from a metropolitan area in Texas, this study explored whether or not offenders were deterred from participating in criminal behavior due to the implementation of CPTED strategies. Results from this study suggest that offenders reported that territoriality, natural surveillance, activity support, and access control did serve as deterrents during the decision to commit a robbery. The study examined the original CPTED theory as posited by Jeffery in 1971. The study found support for the original four CPTED strategies.
An Adolescent with a Rare De Novo Distal Trisomy 6p and Distal Monosomy 6q Chromosomal Combination.

We report on a 12-year-old female with both a partial duplication and deletion involving chromosome 6. The duplication involves 6p25.3p24.3 (7.585 Mb) while the deletion includes 6q27q27 (6.244 Mb). This chromosomal abnormality is also described as distal trisomy 6p and distal monosomy 6q. The patient has a Chiari II malformation, hydrocephalus, agenesis of the corpus callosum, microcephaly, bilateral renal duplicated collecting system, scoliosis, and myelomeningocele associated with a neurogenic bladder and bladder reflux. Additional features have included seizures, feeding dysfunction, failure to thrive, sleep apnea, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and absent speech. To our knowledge, our report is just the sixth case in the literature with concomitant distal 6p duplication and distal 6q deletion. Although a majority of chromosomal duplication-deletion cases have resulted from a parental pericentric inversion, the parents of our case have normal chromosomes. This is the first reported de novo case of distal 6p duplication and distal 6q deletion. Alternate explanations for the origin of the patient's chromosome abnormalities include parental gonadal mosaicism, nonallelic homologous recombination, or potentially intrachromosomal transposition of the telomeres of chromosome 6. Nonpaternity was considered but ruled out by whole exome sequencing analysis.
Designing and Flight-Testing a Swarm of Small UAS to Assist Post-Nuclear Blast Forensics

Nuclear blasts leave plumes of residue and sources of radiation behind that can be used to determine their origin. To assist in locating the best areas to collect ground samples a team from West Point developed an autonomous Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) swarm system for expedited remote sensing. The system includes several distributed control algorithms to enable a team of quadrotor UAS to rapidly survey regions for radiation. Each vehicle is equipped with a sensor suite to measure radiation and estimate the source strength on the surface. While UAS survey the area, their data is fused into a single heatmap which becomes available in real-time to end-users employing the Android Tactical Assault Kit (ATAK). A rapid deployment system was developed to streamline how UAS are configured in preflight and enables them to launch directly from a box used for transport. The system was successfully demonstrated in a live flight test event over an active radiation field at Savannah River Site SC in April 2019.
Impact of a Human Trafficking Educational Intervention and Reference Tool for Pediatric Residents

Introduction: Human trafficking, the largest growing global crime, is the exploitation of individuals to perform sex or labor acts. Through victimization, trafficked youth experience a myriad of complex health issues such as substance abuse, severe physical trauma, and sexual health problems. Given the clandestine nature of human trafficking, a healthcare provider could encounter a survivor or victim at any point in their career. There is increasing awareness of the need to educate health care providers on recognizing, identifying, and aiding victims to interrupt the cycle of abuse and …
Inpatient Use and Outcomes at Children's Hospitals During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in health care use, including decreased emergency department visits for children. In this study, we sought to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inpatient use within children's hospitals. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study using the Pediatric Health Information System. We compared inpatient use and clinical outcomes for children 0 to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 period (March 15 to August 29, 2020) to the same time frame in the previous 3 years (pre-COVID-19 period). Adjusted generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the association of the pandemic period with inpatient use. We assessed trends overall and for a subgroup of 15 medical All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APR-DRGs). RESULTS: We identified 424 856 hospitalizations (mean: 141 619 hospitalizations per year) in the pre-COVID-19 period and 91 532 in the COVID-19 period. Compared with the median number of hospitalizations in the pre-COVID-19 period, we observed declines in hospitalizations overall (35.1%), and by APR-DRG (range: 8.5%-81.3%) with asthma (81.3%), bronchiolitis (80.1%), and pneumonia (71.4%) experiencing the greatest declines. Overall readmission rates were lower during the COVID-19 period; however, other outcomes, including length of stay, cost, ICU use, and mortality remained similar to the pre-COVID-19 period with some variability by APR-DRGs. CONCLUSIONS: US children's hospitals observed substantial reductions in inpatient admissions with largely unchanged hospital-level outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the impact on use varied by condition, the most notable declines were related to inpatient admissions for respiratory conditions, including asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.
Synthetic High Impedance Fault Data through Deep Convolutional Generated Adversarial Network

High impedance faults (HIFs) have always been significant challenges in the power grids. Researchers have developed some advanced protective methods to detect the HIFs. To test and validate these methods, large amounts of HIF data are required. This paper presents a synthetic HIF data generating method using the deep convolutional generated adversarial network (DCGAN). The DCGAN includes a generator module to create synthetic HIF waveform from random noises; and a discriminator module to identify the flaws of those synthetic data, which ultimately helps improve the quality of the synthetic data created by the generator. To test the fidelity of the generated synthetic HIF data, two different HIF-detection methods have been applied. Extensive simulation results have validated the effectiveness of using the DCGAN to create synthetic HIF data.
Variation in Auditory Experience Affects Language and Executive Function Skills in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing.

Objective Children who are hard of hearing (CHH) experience delays in spoken language and executive function, but the mechanisms for these deficits remain unresolved. Differences in auditory experience and language skills have been examined as contributing factors to deficits in executive function, primarily with children who are deaf and children with cochlear implants. The theoretical model of cumulative auditory experience quantifies auditory dosage as how much speech is audible and how often children wear their hearing aids. CHH with higher auditory dosage have better language outcomes than peers with less auditory dosage. However, the effects of auditory experience on executive function have not been studied in CHH. The goal of this study was to examine the influences of auditory experience and language skills on the development of executive function in CHH. Design We collected measures of aided speech audibility, hearing aid use, executive function, and receptive vocabulary in 177 CHH and 86 children with typical hearing who were 5- to 10 years old and matched for socioeconomic status and nonverbal intelligence. Auditory dosage was calculated by combining each child's average hours of hearing aid use with their audibility for speech to create a variable that quantifies individual differences in auditory access. Results CHH had lower receptive vocabulary and deficits in executive function related to working memory and selective attention compared to peers with typical hearing. CHH with greater auditory dosage had higher receptive vocabulary than CHH with lower auditory dosage. Better receptive vocabulary was associated with better scores on executive function measures related to working memory and attention. Auditory dosage was also directly associated with measures of verbal working memory. Conclusions CHH have deficits in language and some, but not all, areas of executive function related to working memory and attention. Auditory dosage was associated with language abilities and verbal working memory. Language was associated with individual differences in executive function skills related to attention and working memory. These results provide support for systems theories regarding the development of executive function in CHH. Interventions that improve auditory access and language may be effective for improving executive function related to working memory and attention in CHH.
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine: the "yin-yang" of Ser/Thr phosphorylation? Nuclear and cytoplasmic glycosylation.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) was discovered during studies using bovine milk galactosyltransferase to ‘map’ the surface topography on cells of the murine immune system (Torres and Hart, 1984). Later, O-GlcNAc was shown to reside almost exclusively in the nucleus and cytoplasm (Kearse and Hart, 1991b), and to be present in eukaryotes ranging from trypanosomes, yeast, plants, to man, as well as in viruses (Hart et al. 1989; Hart et al. 1994a; Greis and Hart, 1994). We now know that O-GlcNAc is an exceedingly abundant post-translational modification of specific serine/threonine residues of many important nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins (Haltiwanger et al.1992b). Figure 1 lists the O-GlcNAc-bearing proteins identified to date. O-GlcNAc is attached as a monosaccharide and is generally not further modified. The O-GlcNAc turn-over rates are typically many-times that of the polypeptide backbone on which it is found (Chou et al.1992a; Hart and Roquemore, unpublished). The saccharide is attached at sites similar to those also used by the ‘growth-factor’, proline-directed family of kinases (Roach, 1991; Taylor and Adams, 1992). O-GlcNAc-bearing proteins have a diverse range of functions, but are characterized by several common features: 1) They all are also phosphorylated. 2) They typically form specific and regulated multimeric associations with other polypeptides. 3) In several cases, O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation appear to be reciprocal events.
Electricity and Electronics: Part I

(1961). Electricity and Electronics: Part II. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 101-111.
Production of multiple plant hormones from a single polyprotein precursor

Some animal and yeast hormone genes produce prohormone polypeptides that are proteolytically processed to produce multiple copies of hormones with the same or different functions. In plants, four polypeptides have been identified that can be classed as hormones (intercellular chemical messengers) but none are known to be produced as multiple copies from a single precursor. Here we describe a polyprotein hormone precursor, present in tobacco plants, that gives rise to two polypeptide hormones, as often found in animals and yeast. The tobacco polypeptides activate the synthesis of defensive proteinase-inhibitor proteins in a manner similar to that of systemin, an 18-amino-acid polypeptide found in tomato plants. The two tobacco polypeptides are derived from each end of a 165-amino-acid precursor that bears no homology to tomato prosystemin. The data show that structurally diverse polypeptide hormones in different plant species can serve similar signalling roles, a condition not found in animals or yeast.
Protein kinase C and phospholipase C activity and expression of their specific isozymes is decreased and expression of MARCKS is increased in platelets of bipolar but not in unipolar patients.

Phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) are important components of the phosphoinositide (PI) signaling system. To examine if the abnormalities observed in the PI signaling system of patients with affective disorders, reported in previous studies, are related to abnormalities in one or more of its components, we studied PKC, PI-PLC activity, the expression of their specific isozymes, and expression of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) in platelets obtained from 15 drug-free hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder and 15 with major depressive disorder (unipolar) and from 15 nonhospitalized normal control subjects. We observed a significant decrease in PI-PLC and PKC activity and the expression of selective PKC α, βI, βII, and PLC δ1 isozymes in membrane and cytosol fraction of platelets from bipolar but not unipolar patients. On the other hand, the level of MARCKS was significantly increased in membrane and cytosol fraction of platelets from patients with bipolar but not unipolar disorders. These results suggest that alterations in PKC, PLC, and MARCKS may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar illness.
Neuropeptide Y localization in telencephalic and diencephalic structures of the ground squirrel brain.

The distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) perikarya, fibers, and terminals was investigated in the brain of two species of hibernatory ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and S. Richardsonii, by means of immunohistochemistry. In the telencephalic and diencephalic structures studied, distinct patterns of NPY-IR were observed which were essentially identical in male and female animals of both species. No differences in amount or distribution of NPY-IR structures were observed between animals which had been in induced hibernation for several months before sacrifice in March/April and those sacrificed one week after their capture in May. In some brain structures (e.g., the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus), IR cell bodies were observed only after pretreatment with colchicine. NPY-IR perikarya and fibers were found in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus-putamen, and dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus. Dense fiber plexuses were seen in the lateral and medial parts of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The numbers of IR perikarya observed in the medial part of the nucleus increased following intraventricular colchicine injections. The accumbens nucleus exhibited few IR cells and many fibers. Claustrum and endopiriform nuclei showed a considerable number of stained cells and fibers that increased in number and staining intensity in colchicine-treated ground squirrels. The induseum griseum showed a small band of IR cell bodies and varicose fibers. Bipolar of multipolar IR cells and varicose fibers were found in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. Dense fiber plexuses as well as IR terminals were seen in the median, medial, and lateral preoptic areas of the hypothalamus. Terminals and relatively few fibers were located in the periventricular, paraventricular, and supraoptic nuclei. The anterior, lateral, dorsomedial, and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei contained relatively large numbers of terminals and fibers. In the suprachiasmatic nuclei, dense terminals were distributed mainly in the ventromedial subdivision. In the median eminence, immunoreactive terminals were concentrated in the external layer, with fibers predominant in the internal layer. NPY-IR perikarya were observed only in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and only following colchicine treatment. In the epithalamus (superficial part of the pineal gland and habenular nuclei), varicose fibers appeared mainly in perivascular locations (pineal) or as a dense plexus (habenular nuclei). These results from ground squirrels are discussed in comparison to those obtained in other species and with regard to considerations of the physiological role of NPY.