cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interphase Behavior in Cyclic Fatigue of Monofilament Composites

Macroscopic properties of fiber reinforced composites are dependent on the micromechanics of the filament-matrix interphase. We present here some preliminary results of our studies aimed at understanding the behavior of the interphase when the composite is subjected to cyclic tensile loading. We have used carbon/polycarbonate mono-filament composites as a model system for studying the effects of loading direction (axial and transverse), frequency, and amplitude. The interphase was varied by etching the filament surface. Damage was characterized by fiber matrix debonding, reduction in interphase stress transfer efficiency, and changes in the locus of failure as determined by SEM fractography.
Geographic Information Systems in Community-Based Gerontological Research and Practice

Geographic information systems (GIS) can assist researchers and practitioners engaged in community-specific analyses that focus on older populations and their resource environments. Although some g...
Communicating the risk from radon.

A prominent television station developed a special series of newscasts and public service announcements about radon. This was combined with their advertising of the availability of reduced-price radon test kits in a local supermarket chain. The large number of test kits sold was a success from a marketing perspective, but not from a public health perspective— especially because of the very small share of high readings that were mitigated. In contrast, a study of housing sales showed a much higher testing rate and corresponding mitigation when risk communication accompanied the housing transaction, rather than being directed toward the general public. This paper examines the relative effectiveness of these alternative approaches to radon risk communication, emphasizing the implications for developing and implementing radon programs.
Higher-order cover cuts from zero-one knapsack constraints augmented by two-sided bounding inequalities

Extending our work on second-order cover cuts [F. Glover, H.D. Sherali, Second-order cover cuts, Mathematical Programming (ISSN: 0025-5610 1436-4646) (2007), doi:10.1007/s10107-007-0098-4. (Online)], we introduce a new class of higher-order cover cuts that are derived from the implications of a knapsack constraint in concert with supplementary two-sided inequalities that bound the sums of sets of variables. The new cuts can be appreciably stronger than the second-order cuts, which in turn dominate the classical knapsack cover inequalities. The process of generating these cuts makes it possible to sequentially utilize the second-order cuts by embedding them in systems that define the inequalities from which the higher-order cover cuts are derived. We characterize properties of these cuts, design specialized procedures to generate them, and establish associated dominance relationships. These results are used to devise an algorithm that generates all non-dominated higher-order cover cuts, and, in particular, to formulate and solve suitable separation problems for deriving a higher-order cut that deletes a given fractional solution to an underlying continuous relaxation. We also discuss a lifting procedure for further tightening any generated cut, and establish its polynomial-time operation for unit-coefficient cuts. A numerical example is presented that illustrates these procedures and the relative strength of the generated non-redundant, non-dominated higher-order cuts, all of which turn out to be facet-defining for this example. Some preliminary computational results are also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of these cuts in comparison with lifted minimal cover inequalities for the underlying knapsack polytope.
Executive functions and the down-regulation and up-regulation of emotion

This study examined the relationship between individual differences in executive functions (EF; assessed by measures of working memory, Stroop, trail making, and verbal fluency) and ability to down-regulate and up-regulate responses to emotionally evocative film clips. To ensure a wide range of EF, 48 participants with diverse neurodegenerative disorders and 21 older neurologically normal aging participants were included. Participants were exposed to three different movie clips that were designed to elicit a mix of disgust and amusement. While watching the films they were either instructed to watch, down-regulate, and up-regulate their visible emotional responses. Heart-rate and facial behaviors were monitored throughout. Emotion regulatory ability was operationalized as changes in heart-rate and facial behavior in the down- and up-regulation conditions, controlling for responses in the watch condition. Results indicated that higher verbal fluency scores were related to greater ability to regulate emotion in both the down-regulation and up-regulation conditions. This finding remained significant even after controlling for age and general cognitive functioning. No relationships were found between emotion regulation and the other EF measures. We believe these results derive from differences among EF measures, with verbal fluency performance best capturing the complex sequence of controlled planning, activation, and monitoring required for successful emotion regulation. These findings contribute to our understanding of emotion-cognition interaction, suggesting a link between emotion-regulatory abilities and individual differences in complex executive functions.
A useful and general technique for improving the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation of digital communication systems

Importance sampling is a potentially powerful method for reducing simulation runtimes when estimating the bit error rate (BER) of communications systems using Monte Carlo simulation. Analytically minimizing the variance of the importance sampling estimator with respect to the biasing parameters has only yielded solutions for systems for which the bit error rate (BER) could be found analytically (i.e., a linear system with additive Gaussian noise). A technique for finding a near-optional set of biasing parameters for the translation biasing scheme is presented. A key feature of this technique is that repetitive, very short simulation runs are used to determine near-optimal translation values. The method is also shown to exploit a theoretically justifiable relationship, for small sample sizes, between the BER estimate and the amount of translation. Only mild assumptions about the noise distribution and system are required. Experimentally, improvement factors ranging from three to eight orders of magnitude are obtained for different avalanche photodiode noise distributions. >
XGLR: an algorithm for ambiguity in programming languages

Automatically generated lexers and parsers for programming languages have a long history. Although they are well suited for many languages, many widely used generators, among them Flex and Bison, fail to handle input stream ambiguities that arise in embedded languages, in legacy languages, and in programming by voice. We have developed Blender, a combined lexer and parser generator that enables designers to describe many classes of embedded languages and to handle ambiguities in spoken input and in legacy languages. We have enhanced the incremental lexing and parsing algorithms in our Harmonia framework to analyse lexical, syntactic and semantic ambiguities. The combination of better language description and enhanced analysis provides a powerful platform on which to build the next generation of language analysis tools.
Nonprotein Nitrogen for Growing Chickens

Diammonium citrate (DAC) and urea were not used beneficially as nitrogen sources in the diet of young chicks. Supplementation of 0.43% urea to a low-protein practical diet did not significantly affect gain or feed efficiency. Adding 2.85% or 5.70% DAC to a low-protein basal depressed growth and feed efficiency significantly. Percentages of nitrogen intake absorbed and retained by chicks were depressed by DAC. When diets were balanced by added amino acids. DAC did not depress weight gains, but nitrogen percentage retention was still decreased by DAC.
The “good girls” of Sri Lankan modernity: Moral orders of nationalism and capitalism

In the Sri Lankan garment industry the term “good girls” refers to moral character and industrial productivity: a good girl both embodies Sinhala Buddhist traditions and is an efficient and productive factory worker. The “good girl” concept symbolizes a conjuncture of nationalist and capitalist gender ideals during this time of ethnic conflict and industrial development in the country. Although the women workers agree with many of the gendered characterizations implied by the term “good girls,” they do not uncritically follow nationalist and capitalist moral scripts. Rather, they mobilize the good girl identity for advantages inside and outside the factory. This essay brings together an account of the ways in which gender is configured in relation to discourses of Sinhala Buddhist nationalism and practices of capitalism in Sri Lanka with an analysis of how female village garment workers make these discourses and practices meaningful in their own lives.
Failure correction techniques for large disk arrays

The ever increasing need for I/O bandwidth will be met with ever larger arrays of disks. These arrays require redundancy to protect against data loss. This paper examines alternative choices for encodings, or codes, that reliably store information in disk arrays. Codes are selected to maximize mean time to data loss or minimize disks containing redundant data, but are all constrained to minimize performance penalties associated with updating information or recovering from catastrophic disk failures. We also codes that give highly reliable data storage with low redundant data overhead for arrays of 1000 information disks.
Thiamin requirement of channel catfish fingerlings.

In separate 20 and 12 week feeding studies, channel cat fish Engerlings were fed semipurified diets containing five levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg) and six levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) of supplemented thiamin hydrochloride respectively. The dietary thiamin level required to provide maximal growth and prevent deficiency symptoms in channel catfish fingerlings was found to be approximately 1 mg/kg of diet. Fish fed unsupplemented diets (thiamin content of less than 0.1 mg/kg diet) demonstrated anorexia, extremely poor growth, dark coloration of the skin and increased mortality rates. Neurological symptoms were not observed. Histological examinations of the heart, hepatopancreas, kidney, lateral muscle, gastrointestinal tract and gills of deficient fish re vealed no abnormalities. J. Nutr. 108: 176-180, 1978.
Immune response to phosphorylcholine. I. Characterization of the epitope-specific antibody.

The antibodies to phosphorylcholine induced in BALB/c mice were isolated and studied with a variety of biochemical and immunochemical methods. Analysis of the idiotype and the hapten-binding specificities showed no differences to the phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma protein TEPC 15, indicating a high degree of homogeneity. However, disc electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid composition data indicated large differences in the structure of anti-phosphorylcholine antibody and TEPC 15. By these criteria the anti-phosphorylcholine anti-bodies from BALB/c mice are of oligoclonal origin.
The observed structure of convectively coupled Kelvin waves: Comparison with simple models of coupled wave instability

Abstract Observations of the horizontal and vertical structure of convectively coupled Kelvin waves are presented and are compared with the predicted structures of moist Kelvin (or gravity) waves in three simple models of coupled wave instability: wave–conditional instability of the second kind (CISK), wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), and stratiform instability. The observations are based on a linear regression analysis of multiple years of ECMWF reanalysis and station radiosonde data. Results suggest that both the wave-CISK and stratiform instability theories successfully predict many important features of observed moist Kelvin waves, but that unrealistic aspects of these models limit their ability to provide comprehensive explanations for the dynamics of these waves. It is suggested that an essential component of any theory for moist Kelvin waves is the second baroclinic mode heat source associated with stratiform precipitation.
How Much Must an Architect Learn about Mechanical and Electrical Services—and Where?

(1961). How Much Must an Architect Learn about Mechanical and Electrical Services—and Where? Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 24-29.
Exposures to Carbon Monoxide from Off-Gassing of Bulk Stored Wood Pellets

There has been a significant increase in use of wood pellets in residential and commercial scale boiler systems within New York State, such an increase will lead to increased storage of bulk pellets in homes and buildings. Serious accidents in Europe have been reported over the past decade in which high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) have been found in bulk pellet storage bins. Thus, additional exposure data for CO in pellet bin storage areas are needed to assess the potential hazards. Using calibrated CO sensors, continuous CO measurements were made from the spring 2013 to spring 2014 in a number of wood pellet storage bins in New York State. The CO sensors, in some cases, in conjunction with sensors for CO2, O2, relative humidity, and temperature, were installed in a residential basement, an external storage silo, and several boiler room storage areas in schools and a museum. Peak concentrations in these pellet storage locations ranged from 14 ppm in the basement residence to 155 ppm inside the ...
Solution and solid-state study of heteroleptic Hg(II)-thiolates: crystal structures of [Hg4I4(SCH2CH2NH2)4] and [Hg4I8(SCH2CH2NH3)2]n.nH2O.

Combination of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride and HgI2 in water in the presence of a base yielded a cyclic molecular structure, [Hg4I4(SCH2CH2NH2)4] (1). For the same reaction in the absence of the base, a similar structure with protonated amines was expected; however, polymeric [Hg4I8(SCH2CH2NH3)2]n·nH2O(2) was formed instead. The structures are quite variable despite similar reaction conditions. For instance, there is an additional Hg−N interaction in 1 due to the use of base. The environment around tetracoordinate Hg in 1 is comprised of S, N, and I atoms, with the ligand forming a five-membered chelate and the I atoms present alternate to each other. In the repeating unit of 2, three independent types of Hg atoms are observed, with HgSI3, HgS2I2, and HgI4 bonding environments that have both bridging and terminal I atoms. A simple mechanistic pathway for the formation of 1 and 2 is proposed that includes the presence of three- and four-coordinate Hg intermediates in the solution. Intermolecular hydro...
Numerical Study of Down-hole Spiral Gas Liquid Separators

In order to achieve efficient separation of down-hole gas-liquid separator,poroduced water re-injection and gas production intergratly to carry out a new type of spiral downhole gas-liquid separator research.Application of computational fluid dynamics method(CFD) the internal flow field of screw-type gas-liquid is analyzed and the coil count and pitch of the screw-type gas-liquid separator performance is studied.The results provides reference for further research of the gas liquid of down-hole.
Integrated Modelling in Regional Science

The range of analytical techniques in the field of Regional Science has grown enormously in the last decade; however, integration - of techniques and modelling frameworks - has not been a prominent feature until relatively recently. In this paper, a brief review of some early developments in integrated modelling will precede discussion of some of the current initiatives. An re-examination of a call for large scale modelling made by Boyce (1989) will be considered in the context of work in regional and interregional social accounting and computable general equilibrium models, especially in the developing world. The review will be illustrated by reference to research undertaken in Bangladesh, Korea and Indonesia and the resulting policy analyses conducted with these models.
A Discussion on Process Losses in GSS: Suggested Ground Rules for the Electronic Environment

As research with group support systems (GSS) moves forward, researchers must watch for and identify possible derivative process losses: proposed here as those process losses introduced into the group meeting process while researching a primary dysfunction. This paper reviews a set of GSS literature in order to find support for such derivative process losses. Five such derivative losses are proposed with corresponding ground rules for addressing them. One such loss, “stronger identification with non-consensus”, is discussed in more detail.
Chapter 10 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Insights from Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a diagnostic term that encompasses three distinctly different syndromes, united by historic as well as pathologic commonalities. We briefly review the origins of the current classification scheme for diagnosing the three major subtypes—frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and primary progressive aphasia, highlighting the differences between subtypes as well as from Alzheimer's disease (AD). We briefly examine current understanding regarding the histopathology and genetics of FTLD but note that there is a poor correspondence of these features with specific subtypes of FTLD. For clinicians and clinical researchers, this implicates the need for other diagnostic strategies. Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral testing currently offers the most sensitive and specific method for identifying subtypes, and discriminating FTLD from other forms of dementia. Multiple studies from the relevant literature are reviewed, highlighting those findings that are likely to be most valuable to physicians. Finally, we analyze some of the major findings from the large body of work on neuroimaging of FTLD, again focusing on those studies that potentially help discriminate FTLD subtypes or assist with the discrimination of FTLD from AD.
Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operation with beta barium borate

Beta barium borate (BBO) is a relatively new nonlinear material with many desirable physical properties,1,2 It has found many applications in harmonic generation primarily because of its high damage threshold, large range of transparency, and absence of photorefractive effects. Recent measurements of the electrooptic effect in BBO indicate that it also has a crystal orientation useful for electrooptic Q-switching or cavity dumping.3–6 We report the first demonstration of a Q-switched laser to use BBO as the electrooptic Q-switch modulator medium. A high gain fiashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser and a small uncoated BBO sample were used for this experiment. Without optimizing cavity parameters, the laser produced 40-kW peak power pulses (125-ns FWHM) at a 10- Hz repetition rate with an average power of 50 mW.
Continuous-Time Signals

This chapter focuses on the representation and analysis of continuous-time signals and systems. A classification of signals indicating the way a signal is stored, processed, or both is done by using practical characteristics of signals. Continuous-time signals are functions of time-carrying information. Such a signal can be thought of as a continuously varying voltage that can be transformed into an audible acoustic signal. For a time-dependent signal, time and amplitude vary continuously or discretely. The amplitude of either a continuous-time or a discrete time signal can vary continuously or discretely. Thus, continuous-time signals can be continuous amplitude as well as discrete-amplitude signals. The chapter also discusses basic signal operations used in the representation and processing of signals such as signal addition, constant multiplication, time and frequency shifting, time scaling, and time windowing. Basic signal representation shows that any signal can be represented using basic signals. In particular, the representation in terms of sinusoids is of great interest as it allows the development of the so-called Fourier representation that is essential in the development of the theory of linear systems. The chapter also discusses signal manipulation, which means to delay or advance a signal, to reflect it, or to find its odd or even components. These are signal operations that help in their representation and processing.
Sexual Gnosticism: Male Procreation and ‘The Portrait of Mr W. H.’

In Sodom on the Thames, an exploration of late-Victorian male same-sex love through its legal manifestations leading up to the Wilde trials, Morris B. Kaplan dedicates considerable space to the homoerotic coterie surrounding William Johnson Cory, author of the foundational Uranian poetry text, Ionica (1858, revised 1891). As William Johnson, he had been one of the leading masters at Eton from 1845 to 1872, when he resigned under a cloud of scandal and adopted a new surname. Among his pupils was Reginald Brett, an aristocrat who was to attain immense political influence in the first two decades of the twentieth century. Brett allows Kaplan to trace Johnson’s influence because Brett preserved a lifelong correspondence with a group of friends centering largely on the twin themes of remembrances of Johnson and amorous adventures with boys. In 1892 Brett wrote to a fellow old boy about ‘Teddie’, a fifteen-year-old Etonian for whom Brett had developed considerable affection. I will use Kaplan’s description of the relationship: [Brett] entertains the youth at home with his wife and family; Teddie visits with the approval of his parents and of the Eton authorities. [Brett’s] love for Teddie has important paternal and pedagogical aspects, but it is also intensely erotic. The sentiments and practices of love between them are not easily translated into contemporary terms.2
Rural Gifted Education and the Effect of Proximity

Gifted education services in rural districts typically lag behind those in nonrural areas. Using district classifications assigned by the National Center for Education Statistics and Texas school d...
Adjuvant Medications That Improve Survival after Locoregional Therapy.

Abstract Purpose To determine if outpatient medications taken at the time of liver tumor embolization or ablation affect survival. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was done of 2,032 liver tumor embolization, radioembolization, and ablation procedures performed in 1,092 patients from June 2009 to April 2016. Pathology, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer), neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grade, initial locoregional therapy, overall survival after initial locoregional therapy, Child-Pugh score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and outpatient medications taken at the time of locoregional therapy were analyzed for each patient. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated for patients taking 29 medications or medication classes (including prescription and nonprescription medications) for reasons unrelated to their primary cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results For patients with HCC initially treated with embolization (n = 304 patients), the following medications were associated with improved survival when taken at the time of embolization: beta-blockers ( P = .0007), aspirin ( P = .0008) and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( P = .009), proton pump inhibitors ( P = .004), and antivirals for hepatitis B or C ( P = .01). For colorectal liver metastases initially treated with ablation (n = 172 patients), beta-blockers were associated with improved survival when taken at the time of ablation ( P = .02). Conclusions Aspirin and beta-blockers are associated with significantly improved survival when taken at the time of embolization for HCC. Aspirin was not associated with survival differences after locoregional therapy for NET or colorectal liver metastases, suggesting an HCC-specific effect.
Phencyclidine-like in vivo effects of methoxetamine in mice and rats.

Methoxetamine (MXE) is a novel drug of abuse that is structurally similar to phencyclidine (PCP). In the present study, rats were trained to discriminate PCP from saline and substitution tests were performed with arylcyclohexylamines PCP, eticyclidine (PCE), tenocyclidine (TCP), and MXE. PCP and PCE engendered PCP-lever selection in all subjects, whereas MXE and TCP produced PCP-lever selection in animals that did not display behavioral disruption. Last, the substituted tryptamine dipropyltryptamine (DPT) produced moderate PCP-lever selection and elicited behavioral disruption in all subjects at the highest dose tested. Immediately following the final substitution test in the drug discrimination experiment, the same rats and a separate group of experimentally-naive rats were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps delivering continuous PCP infusions for 11 days. Consistent with PCP withdrawal, disruption of food-maintained operant responding was observed when the pumps were removed, but cumulative MXE administration dose-dependently reversed this effect. A third group of rats self-administered several unit doses of PCP and MXE. Results of the self-administration tests revealed that MXE was a less effective reinforcer than PCP. Lastly, mice were implanted with radiotelemetry probes to simultaneously monitor thermoregulatory and locomotor responses following injections of PCP, PCE, or MXE. All three arylcyclohexylamines elicited dose-dependent hypothermic effects, but only PCP produced increases in locomotor activity. Together, these findings indicate that MXE elicits PCP-like interoceptive effects, but reduced reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects in vivo.
The effects of CO2 and H2 on CO metabolism by pure and mixed microbial cultures

Syngas fermentation, the bioconversion of CO, CO2, and H2 to biofuels and chemicals, has undergone considerable optimization for industrial applications. Even more, full-scale plants for ethanol production from syngas fermentation by pure cultures are being built worldwide. The composition of syngas depends on the feedstock gasified and the gasification conditions. However, it remains unclear how different syngas mixtures affect the metabolism of carboxidotrophs, including the ethanol/acetate ratios. In addition, the potential application of mixed cultures in syngas fermentation and their advantages over pure cultures have not been deeply explored. In this work, the effects of CO2 and H2 on the CO metabolism by pure and mixed cultures were studied and compared. For this, a CO-enriched mixed culture and two isolated carboxidotrophs were grown with different combinations of syngas components (CO, CO:H2, CO:CO2, or CO:CO2:H2). The CO metabolism of the mixed culture was somehow affected by the addition of CO2 and/or H2, but the pure cultures were more sensitive to changes in gas composition than the mixed culture. CO2 inhibited CO oxidation by the Pleomorphomonas-like isolate and decreased the ethanol/acetate ratio by the Acetobacterium-like isolate. H2 did not inhibit ethanol or H2 production by the Acetobacterium and Pleomorphomonas isolates, respectively, but decreased their CO consumption rates. As part of the mixed culture, these isolates, together with other microorganisms, consumed H2 and CO2 (along with CO) for all conditions tested and at similar CO consumption rates (2.6 ± 0.6 mmol CO L−1 day−1), while maintaining overall function (acetate production). Providing a continuous supply of CO by membrane diffusion caused the mixed culture to switch from acetate to ethanol production, presumably due to the increased supply of electron donor. In parallel with this change in metabolic function, the structure of the microbial community became dominated by Geosporobacter phylotypes, instead of Acetobacterium and Pleomorphomonas phylotypes. These results provide evidence for the potential of mixed-culture syngas fermentation, since the CO-enriched mixed culture showed high functional redundancy, was resilient to changes in syngas composition, and was capable of producing acetate or ethanol as main products of CO metabolism.
Abstract 18836: Differences in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Data and Prognosis in Black and White Men with Heart Failure: the Henry Ford HospITal CardioPulmonary EXercise Testing (FIT-CPX) Project

Introduction: Numerous metrics from the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) are associated with outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Among patients with HFrEF, mortality rates differ by race; however, the influence of race on the association between common measures obtained during CPX and mortality has not been fully described. Purpose: Retrospective analysis to describe the relationship between key CPX measures and the composite endpoint of mortality, left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or cardiac transplant (CT) in white and black men with HFrEF. Methods: Self-identified white and black male patients (n= 761; age= 55 ± 12 y; BMI= 30.6±6.6) with a CPX between 1997 and 2010 and confirmed HFrEF (ejection fraction [EF] ≤ 40%) were identified. Endpoint data was obtained through 2011. The association with the composite endpoint was evaluated separately for 7 key CPX measures with adjustment for age, hypertension, beta-blocker therapy, EF, and ischemic etiology using Cox regression stratified by race. Results: During a median follow-up of 3.5 y there were 195 (54%) and 193 (48%) events for white and black patients, respectively. All CPX variables were associated (p 2 ) at 76.2, and among black patients it was ventilatory efficiency (V E -VCO 2 slope) at 90.8. Conclusion: Among white and black male patients, % predicted peak VO 2 and V E -VCO 2 slope, respectively, were most strongly associated with the combined end point of mortality, LVAD or CT. These data suggest that risk stratification using CPX variables may differ by race. Further research is needed to determine if race-specific methods of CPX-based risk stratification are needed.
Quantifying site-level usage and certainty of absence for an invasive species through occupancy analysis of camera-trap data

Efficient implementation of management programs for invasive species depends on accurate surveillance for guiding prioritization of surveillance and control resources in space and time. Occupancy probabilities can be used to determine where surveillance should occur. Conversely, knowledge of the certainty of site-level absence is of special interest in situations where the objective is to completely remove populations despite substantial risk of re-invasion. Indeed, the decision to shift from emphasizing control activities over the full range to emphasizing reinvasion prevention, surveillance, and response near the borders, depends on accurate knowledge of absence across space. We used a dynamic occupancy model to monitor changes in the distribution of an invasive species, feral swine (Sus scrofa), based on camera-trap data collected as part of a management program from June 2014 to January 2016 in San Diego County, California. Site usage of feral swine declined overall. The most informative predictors of site usage were spatial (latitude and longitude). Site-level non-usage rates increased over time and in response to management removal efforts; and site-level usage rates were heavily impacted by having neighboring sites that were used. Combining the detection probability estimated from the occupancy model and Bayes Theorem, we demonstrated how certainty of local (site-level) absence can be estimated iteratively in time in areas with negative surveillance (no detections) data. Our framework provides a means for using management-based surveillance data to quantify certainty of site-level absence of an invasive species, allowing for adaptive prioritization of surveillance and control resources. Our approach is flexible for application to other species and types of surveillance (e.g., track-plates, eDNA).
The Modulation of Reproduction by Priming Pheromones in House Mice: Speculations on Adaptive Function

It is well established now that some of the reproductive processes of some mammals are regulated in part by chemical cues (priming pheromones) emanating from conspecifics. It is important to note that most of the research supporting this conclusion has utilized only a single species, the house mouse. Furthermore, most of the relevant experiments have involved long-domesticated stocks of mice and all of the research in this area has been conducted in a laboratory setting. Thus, while we have developed a solid appreciation of the laboratory biology of mouse primers, we have little knowledge about the occurrence of similar phenomena in other mammals, and we can only speculate at this time about the functional utility of priming pheromones to any wild population.
Effect of Intravenous Administration of Cobalt Chloride to Horses on Clinical and Hemodynamic Variables.

Background Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) is administered to racehorses to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of parenterally administered CoCl2 . Objectives To describe the effects of weekly intravenous doses of CoCl2 on Standardbred horses. Animals Five, healthy Standardbred mares. Methods Prospective, randomized, experimental dose-escalation pilot. Five Standardbred mares were assigned to receive 1 of 5 doses of CoCl2 (4, 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.25 mg/kg) weekly IV for 5 weeks. Physical examination, blood pressure, cardiac output, and electrocardiography (ECG) were evaluated for 4 hours after administration of the first and fifth doses. Blood and urine samples were collected for evaluation of cobalt concentration, CBC and clinical chemistry, and hormone concentrations. Results All mares displayed pawing, nostril flaring, muscle tremors, and straining after CoCl2 infusion. Mares receiving 4, 2, or 1 mg/kg doses developed tachycardia after dosing (HR 60-126 bpm). Ventricular tachycardia was noted for 10 minutes after administration of the 4 mg/kg dose. Increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred after administration of all doses (4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg). Profound hypertension was observed after the 4 mg/kg dose (SAP/DAP, MAP [mmHg] = 291-300/163-213, 218-279). Hemodynamics normalized by 1-2 hours after administration. ACTH and cortisol concentrations increased within 30 minutes of administration of all CoCl2 doses, and cardiac troponin I concentration increased after administration of the 4 and 2 mg/kg doses. Conclusions and clinical importance The degree of hypertension and arrhythmia observed after IV CoCl2 administration raises animal welfare and human safety concerns.
Atypical Children: Perspectives on Parent-Professional Interaction:

The admission of an emotionally disturbed child to a mental health facility is a time of crisis for parents who may feel confused and defeated as well as relieved. From intake through discharge, th...
The Dyad Ratios Algorithm for Estimating Latent Public Opinion: Estimation, Testing, and Comparison to Other Approaches

In the study of longitudinal movements in public opinion it is usually the case that data are abundant, but irregular. Both cases (times) and variables are numerous, but it is never the case that a...
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Redox Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl) Amino Carbene-Derived Arsamethine Cyanine Dye.

In our efforts to prepare a diarsenic allotrope supported by two cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands we stumbled upon the synthesis of the first carbene-supported chloroarsinidene 3, which has been fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic and XRD methods. Although further reduction of 3 was not possible, we found that addition of a second equivalent of CAAC in refluxing toluene afforded the first example of a crystallographically characterized arsamethine cyanine dye (4). The arsenic(I) dye is structurally similar to phosphorus analogues, and contains an arsenide anion with two stereochemically active lone pairs supported by two iminium ligands. The UV/Visible spectrum and redox chemistry of 4 were also explored. Upon reduction with one equivalent of KC8 , 3 is reduced to the originally targeted CAAC2 As2 allotrope 6, whereas oxidation provides access to the first example of an arsenic(II) radical dication (5).
A Probabilistic Methodology for the Evaluation of Alerting System Performance

Abstract A probabilistic methodology for evaluating hazard alerting systems is described that can be used in vehicle, transportation system, and process control applications. A means of showing the tradeoff between false alarms and missed detections is presented using signal detection theory concepts. The methodology accounts for uncertainties in measurement sources, alerting thresholds and displays, the human operator, and the situation dynamics. An example demonstration of the methodology is provided using the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), an alerting system designed to prevent mid-air collisions between aircraft
CALPHAD modeling and experimental assessment of Ti-Al-Mn ternary system

Abstract There is an increasing need to develop lower cost titanium alloys. In this investigation, Ti-Al-Mn ternary alloy system was experimentally and computationally investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to assess its thermodynamic models and parameters. The Ti-rich region was accurately assessed in this investigation, including multiple phase region boundaries and the identifications of all related phases. Based on the experimental results from this investigation and various literature articles, the thermodynamic description of Ti-Al-Mn in this work is in good agreement with experimental results and can be applied as a basis to develop higher-order multicomponent titanium alloys.
Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Risk for Sepsis Among Patients Admitted to the Hospital With Infection

Importance Whether low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with increased risk of sepsis and poorer outcomes is unknown. Objective To examine the association between LDL-C levels and risk of sepsis among patients admitted to the hospital with infection. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study in which deidentified electronic health records were used to define a cohort of patients admitted to Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, with infection. Patients were white adults, had a code indicating infection from theInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, and received an antibiotic within 1 day of hospital admission (N = 61 502). Data were collected from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2017, and analyzed from January 24 through October 31, 2018. Interventions Clinically measured LDL-C levels (excluding measurements Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was sepsis; secondary outcomes included admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and in-hospital death. Results Among the 3961 patients with clinically measured LDL-C levels (57.8% women; mean [SD] age, 64.1 [15.9] years) and the 7804 with a GRS for LDL-C (54.0% men; mean [SD] age, 59.8 [15.2] years), lower measured LDL-C levels were significantly associated with increased risk of sepsis (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94;P = .001) and ICU admission (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96;P = .008), but not in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.00;P = .06); however, none of these associations were statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidity variables (OR for risk of sepsis, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.88-1.06]; OR for ICU admission, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.83-1.06]; OR for in-hospital death, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.76-1.22];P> .05 for all). The LDL-C GRS correlated with measured LDL-C levels (r= 0.24;P Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that lower measured LDL-C levels were significantly associated with increased risk of sepsis and admission to ICU in patients admitted to the hospital with infection; however, this association was due to comorbidities because both clinical models adjusted for confounders, and the genetic model showed no increased risk. Levels of LDL-C do not appear to directly alter the risk of sepsis or poor outcomes in patients hospitalized with infection.
Organocatalytic Mukaiyama Mannich Reactions of 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)furan

The organocatalytic synthesis of densely substituted mono- and bis-γ-lactams involving the Mukaiyama Mannich addition of 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)furan to imines is described. Use of a ditoluenesulfonylimide catalyst produces γ-lactams from monoaddition, whereas a more acidic catalyst (triflic acid) produces fused bis-lactams from double addition. Optimized organocatalytic conditions allow for the selective synthesis of either desired core as well as the one-pot, multicomponent assembly of the trisubstituted monolactams from aldehydes, amines, and bis-trimethylsilyloxyfuran. An examination of chiral acids found these organocatalysts to be highly active and diastereoselective in the monoaddition reaction, albeit with no enantioselectivity.
Invariant diffusion processes under Lie group actions

We study a decomposition of a diffusion process in a manifold that is invariant under the action of a Lie group. As applications, we consider a diffusion process in a Euclidean space that is invariant under translations in a subspace, and a skew-product in a general setting.
Dude, where's my mark? Creating robust animal identification schemes informed by communication theory

Abstract The analysis of animal behaviour often requires uniquely marking and tracking many individuals simultaneously for long periods. However, these identifying marks can often be partially removed, erased or obscured, preventing accurate differentiation between individuals. Modern computer-readable tags can mitigate some of these challenges while also creating others, such as not being human-readable. Here, we apply several fundamental principles from the engineering of communications systems to the design of human-readable animal identification schemes that are robust to mark removals. These techniques allow biologists to fully reconstruct the identities of individual animals even as marks degrade over time or become only partially observable due to obstructions. Additionally, we supply an open-source R software package called rabi to make the implementation of these methods painless and accessible to researchers unfamiliar with coding theory. More generally, we hope that exposure to these techniques from engineering will narrow the disciplinary gap, albeit slightly, between experts in animal and technological communication.
Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty: Outcomes at Minimum Two-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND Component malposition in total hip arthroplasty (THA) contributes to instability and early failure. Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) utilizes CT-based planning with haptically-guided bone preparation and implant insertion to optimize component position accuracy. This study compared acetabular component position and postoperative complications following manual THA (mTHA) with rTHA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive primary THAs performed by one surgeon at three intervals were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study: the initial 100 consecutive manual THAs (mTHA) in clinical practice (year 2000), the last consecutive 100 mTHA before rTHA introduction (year 2011), and the first consecutive 100 rTHA (year 2012). Acetabular abduction (AAB) and anteversion (AAV) angles were measured using validated software. The Lewinnek safe zone was used to define accuracy (AAB 40°±10° and AAV 15°±10°). Comparisons included operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), infection rate, and dislocation rate. RESULTS The rate of acetabular component placement within Lewinnek safe zone was the highest in the rTHA cohort (77%), followed by late mTHA (45%) and early mTHA (30%) (p<0.001). Robotic-assisted THA resulted in an additional 71% improvement in accuracy in the first year of use (p<0.001). Dislocation rate was 5% with early mTHA, 3% in the late mTHA cohort, and 0% in the rTHA cohort within the first two years postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of infection between groups. CONCLUSION Robotic-assisted THA improved acetabular component accuracy and reduced dislocation rates when compared with mTHA. Further study is needed to determine if similar improvements will be noted in larger multicenter studies using alternative surgical approaches.
Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Climate Change and Energy in the 21st Century

Preface List of units List of conversion factors List of abbreviations 1. Introduction Part I. Climate: 2. Greenhouse Earth 3. Climate modelling 4. The past as proxy for the future 5. Predicting the future Part II. Energy: 6. Taking up arms against this sea of troubles 7. How fast to move: a physicist's look at the economists 8. Energy, emissions and action 9. Fossil fuels: how much is there? 10. Electricity, emission and pricing carbon 11. Efficiency: the first priority 12. Nuclear energy 13. Renewables 14. Biofuels: is there anything there? 15. An energy summary Part III. Policy: 16. US policy: new things, bad things, good things 17. World policy action 18. Coda References Index.
Input-Output Models

Input-output is a conceptualization of the interdependence of economic production units that has come to be used over the years both as a modeling device and as an element in national economic accounting systems. The input-output (I-O) framework as such, cannot be employed directly to model mineral and energy market behavior. However, it does provide a disaggregated view as to how the demand and supply patterns for different mineral and energy commodities relate to the interindustry structure and the aggregate or macroeconomic variables of a national economy. The construction of input-output models thus requires that some mathematical or econometric model be used in conjunction with an appropriately organized I-O table.
Simplified Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics-Based Raman Spectral Simulations.

We describe a simplified approach to simulating Raman spectra from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. The protocol relies on on-the-fly calculations of approximate molecular polariza...
Observation of two branches in the hindered settling function at low Reynolds number

Combining new and old data, we find that particle settling speeds are well-described by the empirical Richardson-Zaki function up to jamming, but surprisingly, there are separate branches for Brownian and non-Brownian particles with a crossover at an extraordinarily large Peclet number of ${10}^{8}$.
“By Unholy Arts?”: The Craft of Protest in Joanna Baillie’s The Phantom and Witchcraft

In this essay, I analyze how Joanna Baillie deploys various generic devices such as songs, chants, and Scottish dialects, as well as a prose play that breaks with her traditional verse dramas, to v...
Impacts of model resolution on multiple prediction

Despite theoretical advancements in multiple identification and elimination, the application and success of these advancements is questionable in some cases and is limited to marine environments, e...