cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Readmissions for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) After Colorectal Surgery

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in minorities is increasing, and health outcome disparities are becoming more apparent. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of race to readmissions in IBD patients undergoing colorectal surgery. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2013 was queried for all patients with IBD undergoing elective colorectal surgery. After stratifying by race, unadjusted univariate and bivariate comparisons were made. Primary outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission. Predictors of readmission were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Of the 2523 patients with IBD who underwent elective colon surgery, 15.0 % were readmitted within 30 days of index operation. Black patients constituted 7.7 % of the entire cohort. Black patients were significantly different in smoking status (27 vs. 22 %) and Crohn’s diagnosis (84 vs. 73 %) (p < 0.05). Black patients had significantly higher readmission rates (20 vs. 15 %) and longer length-of-stays (8 vs. 6 days) after surgery (p < 0.05). On multivariable analysis, black race remained a significant predictor for 30-day readmissions in patients with IBD (odds ratio 1.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.1–2.5). Black patients with IBD have an increased risk for readmission after colorectal surgery. Efforts to reduce readmissions need to target not only well-studied risk factors such as postoperative complications, but also investigate non-NSQIP-measured elements such as social and behavioral determinants of health.
CHAPTER 10 – CONCLUSION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a revision of the steps required for a programmer to achieve good program design. Program design is considered good if it is easy to read and understand and easy to alter. If a programmer follows these six steps in the development of an algorithm he or she will rapidly achieve a high level of competence. It is essential that the programmer desk checks the solution algorithm, and yet this step is so often avoided. Most programmers bypass this step because they either assume the algorithm is correct, or because they believe desk checking is not creative. While it may not be as stimulating as the original design phase, it is really just as satisfying to know that the logic is correct.
Comparison of local and systemic effects of insulin on myocardial glucose extraction in ischemic heart disease

Physiological increases in circulating insulin level significantly increase myocardial glucose uptake in vivo. To what extent this represents a direct insulin action on the heart or results indirec...
Reduced Breastfeeding Rates in Firstborn Late Preterm and Early Term Infants.

Abstract Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the rate of breastfeeding by gestational age reported by new mothers 1 month postpartum, with particular focus on early term newborns (37–386/7 weeks). Materials and Methods: Three thousand six primiparous women aged 18–36 years were interviewed during their third trimester and again 1 month postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between gestational age and breastfeeding 1 month postpartum among those who reported that they planned to breastfeed, controlling for potentially confounding variables. Results: Two thousand seven hundred seventy-two women planned to breastfeed (92.2%), among whom 116 (4.2%) delivered late preterm (34–366/7 weeks), 519 (18.7%) early term (37–386/7 weeks), and 2,137 (77.1%) term or postterm (39+ weeks). Among those who delivered late preterm, 63.8% were breastfeeding 1 month postpartum, early term 72.6%, and term or postterm 76.5%. This relationship was verified by a multivariate logis...
Diagnosis dialog for pediatric physical therapists: hypotonia, developmental coordination disorder, and pediatric obesity as examples.

Purpose To clarify what diagnosis means for pediatric physical therapists, to provide several examples of human movement dysfunction syndromes, and to offer guidance for how pediatric physical therapists may continue this work in any clinical setting. Key points The importance of diagnosis in pediatric physical therapy is presented along with examples of 3 different processes used to develop diagnostic labels. These processes included surveys to identify consensus opinion of clinicians, a literature review, and a combination of these 2. Hypotonia, developmental coordination disorder, and pediatric obesity are presented as examples. Summary The 3 diagnoses serve as a basis for ongoing dialogue, discussion, and development of diagnostic labels for human movement syndromes identified by pediatric physical therapists.
The Reelfoot Magnetic Anomaly and Its Relationship to the Pascola Arch and the Reelfoot Fault

Most contemporary New Madrid seismic zone earthquakes correlate geographically with the location of a basement uplift, the Pascola arch, and a distinct magnetic anomaly called the Reelfoot magnetic anomaly (RMA). We invert magnetic data for several profiles crossing the RMA and demonstrate that the anomaly is produced by an igneous intrusion related to the formation of the Pascola arch. The models require approximately 2 km of vertical uplift on crystalline basement rock, indicating that structure associated with the Pascola arch extends below Paleozoic rocks. The modeled uplift corresponds to estimates of Paleozoic sediment erosion from the top of the arch. We suggest that faulting accompanied emplacement of the RMA intrusion, establishing a zone of weakness in the upper crust that manifests today as the Reelfoot fault. Faulting accompanying intrusion provides an explanation for why earthquakes occur within the RMA intrusion rather than surrounding it, as is the case with all other intrusions emplaced along the margins and axis of the Reelfoot graben.
Dark-field illumination on zero-mode waveguide/microfluidic hybrid chip reveals T4 replisomal protein interactions.

The ability of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) to guide light energy into subwavelength-diameter cylindrical nanoapertures has been exploited for single-molecule fluorescence studies of biomolecules at micromolar concentrations, the typical dissociation constants for biomolecular interactions. Although epi-fluorescence microscopy is now adopted for ZMW-based imaging as an alternative to the commercialized ZMW imaging platform, its suitability and performance awaits rigorous examination. Here, we present conical lens-based dark-field fluorescence microscopy in combination with a ZMW/microfluidic chip for single-molecule fluorescence imaging. We demonstrate that compared to epi-illumination, the dark-field configuration displayed diminished background and noise and enhanced signal-to-noise ratios. This signal-to-noise ratio for imaging using the dark-field setup remains essentially unperturbed by the presence of background fluorescent molecules at micromolar concentration. Our design allowed single-molecule FRE...
Termination of Pupal Diapause in the Bollworm

Diapausing pupae of Heliothis zea (Boddie) were subjected to different photoperiods and temperatures in bioclimatic cabinets, and the number of days required for the termination of diapause was recorded. Termination of diapause in the bollworm was greatly influenced by temperature but not photoperiod, and the number of days for diapause termination was inversely relative to the temperature. Bollworms were reared in an insectary under natural daylengths and prevailing temperatures. All pupae that diapaused were held in the insectary over winter and the time of diapause termination in the spring was related to the occurrence of relatively consistent temperature above 10°C.
Changes in concentrations of trace minerals in lambs fed sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets with or without dietary sodium molybdate

Prolonged feeding of sericea lespedeza (SL) previously led to reduced serum concentrations of Mo, a cofactor in an enzyme complex that may be involved in weight gain. The current objective was to determine the effect of Mo supplementation on changes in serum, fecal, urine, and liver concentrations of trace minerals in lambs fed SL leaf meal pellets. Thirty ram lambs weaned in May (84 ± 1.5 d of age and 27 ± 1.1 kg; D 0) were blocked by BW, breed type (full or three-fourths Katahdin), and EBV of parasite resistance and randomly assigned to be fed 900 g/d of an alfalfa-based supplement (CON; = 10) or a SL-based supplement ( = 20) for 103 d. Supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric and to meet trace mineral requirements. Within the SL group, individual lambs were administered either 5 mL water or 5 mL of water with 163.3 mg of sodium molybdate (SLMO). Serum was collected on d 28, 56, and 104; a liver sample was collected by biopsy on d 104 to determine concentrations of trace minerals. Data were analyzed using a mixed model and orthogonal contrasts. Serum concentrations of Mo increased in response to the drench and were greatest in SLMO lambs and then CON lambs and lowest in SL lambs ( < 0.001). Concentrations of Mo in the liver ( < 0.001) were similar between CON and SLMO lambs and were lower in SL lambs than other groups. Serum ( < 0.001) and liver ( = 0.013) concentrations of zinc (Zn) were reduced in both SL and SLMO lambs compared with CON lambs. Serum concentrations of cobalt (Co) increased in CON lambs compared with SL and SLMO lambs between d 0 and 56 but were similar on d 104 (diet × day, < 0.005) as with concentrations in the liver. Serum and liver concentrations of copper (Cu) were greatest ( < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively) in CON lambs followed by SL lambs and then SLMO lambs. Serum concentrations of selenium (Se) tended ( = 0.10) to be reduced in SL lambs compared with CON and SLMO lambs, but concentrations in the liver were reduced in SL lambs compared with CON lambs and even more so in SLMO lambs ( < 0.003). Although the dietary Mo did increase stores of Mo in the animal and reduced copper, trace minerals associated with metalloproteins-Mo, copper, selenium, and zinc-were reduced in the liver of SL- and/or SLMO-fed lambs. These reductions could be associated with the lower weight gains previously observed after prolonged feeding of SL.
Research on Control Strategy of Control Performance Standard (CPS) Based on Modern Interior Point Method

According to the development of the power grid presently, the Control Performance Standard (CPS) released by North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) is introduced. The method based modern interior point method of optimizing the plus parameters in nowadays CPS control strategy is proposed and the mathematic model is established. It provides a new optimal method of the application in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) assessing based on CPS.
Use of Neuroimaging for Radiation Therapy Planning

Intracranial tumors, both primary and metastatic, have distinct anatomic and neuroimaging features. Radiotherapy is often used in the management of intracranial tumors. Various techniques used in radiotherapy include external beam radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. This chapter discusses the use of neuroimaging in tumor delineation and radiation planning and delivery. Evaluation of immobilization, target volumes, normal tissue volumes, plan review, and quality assurance is required to safely deliver radiotherapy. The practical review of radiotherapy in high-grade glioma is used to demonstrate these facets of patient care. Neuroimaging and clinical evaluation are used to evaluate for disease recurrence following treatment completion. On standard magnetic resonance imaging, it may be difficult to differentiate between pseudo-progression, true disease progression, and radiation necrosis. A multitude of imaging techniques are now available to assist in making this distinction. The progress in neuroimaging has improved radiation planning and delivery and will continue to do so in the future.
Strategies for Success in Limbal Allograft Transplantation for Aniridia

Aniridic keratopathy can be seen in up to 90 % of patients. Traditionally, therapy was supportive followed by penetrating keratoplasty when stromal scarring occurred. More recently, keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) has been shown to be an effective treatment. In this chapter we discuss how to maximize the visual outcome of aniridic keratopathy patients. Glaucoma should be addressed by placing shunts in patients prior to KLAL in order to limit topical glaucoma medication in the post operative course. Aniridic keratopathy patients with deteriorating corneal surfaces should be operated on before stromal scarring occurs. Fibrin glue may be used in surgery to reduce operating time and increase patient comfort. Immunosuppression plays a vital role in maintaining the allograft without rejection and should be monitored by a transplant specialist. With correct management, donor cells have been shown to populate the corneal surface years after surgery.
Influence of Various Commercial Packaging Conditions on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Irradiation by Electron Beam Versus Gamma Rays

Irradiation of ground beef patties inoculated with the organism Escherichia coli O157:H7 was performed either by gamma rays from a cobalt 60 source or by electron beam generated by a linear accelerator. Patties were packaged in one of the following materials: nylon/polyethylene bags, Saran/polyester/polyethylene bags (PM2), or Saran overwrap with a Styrofoam tray inside. Bags were sealed in air or under vacuum and were irradiated at either 5 or −15°C. Average D10 values (dose required to inactivate 90% of a microbial population) ranged from 0.27 to 0.63 kGy, depending on the conditions. Overall, higher D10 values (P < 0.0001) were obtained upon irradiation at −15°C as compared with 5°C. Cells inoculated in samples packaged in PM2 had the highest D10 values, but only if irradiated by electron beam at −15°C (P < 0.001). Since PM2 had the lowest oxygen permeability rate and since the temperature was too low for radicals to migrate easily, these conditions may have minimized the effect of oxygen- and water-de...
Tactical Combat Casualty Care: Beginnings

Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) is a set of evidence-based, best-practice prehospital trauma care guidelines customized for use on the battlefield. The origins of TCCC were nontraditional. The TCCC program began as a Naval Special Warfare biomedical research effort launched after the realization that extremity hemorrhage, a leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield, was not being treated with a readily available and highly effective intervention: the tourniquet. This insight prompted a systematic reevaluation of all aspects of battlefield trauma care that was conducted from 1993 to 1996 as a joint effort by special operations medical personnel and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The product of that 3-year research project was TCCC, the first-ever set of battlefield trauma care guidelines designed to combine good medicine with good small-unit tactics.
Prescriptions for Libraries Seeking Influential Positions

This is starting draft of innovative ways libraries can use both current technologies and their institutional roles to develop further their standing and influence in the larger organizations they serve.
Scaling and Sustaining Effective Early Childhood Programs Through School-Family-University Collaboration.

We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a comprehensive preschool to third grade prevention program for the goals of sustaining services at a large scale. The Midwest Child–Parent Center (CPC) Expansion is a multilevel collaborative school reform model designed to improve school achievement and parental involvement from ages 3 to 9. By increasing the dosage, coordination, and comprehensiveness of services, the program is expected to enhance the transition to school and promote more enduring effects on well-being in multiple domains. We review and evaluate evidence from two longitudinal studies (Midwest CPC, 2012 to present; Chicago Longitudinal Study, 1983 to present) and four implementation examples of how the guiding principles of shared ownership, committed resources, and progress monitoring for improvement can promote effectiveness. The implementation system of partners and further expansion using “Pay for Success” financing shows the feasibility of scaling the program while continuing to improve effectiveness.
Cryptography Standards in Quantum Time: New Wine in an Old Wineskin?

The history of cryptography standards is reviewed, with a view to planning for the challenges, uncertainties, and strategies that the standardization of postquantum cryptography will entail.
Preservation of Midlatitude Ice Sheets on Mars

National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-1143953]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX16AP09H]; NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (MDAP) award [NNX15AM62G]
Pregabalin Did Not Improve Pain Management After Spinal Fusions

BackgroundThe treatment of postoperative pain is a challenge after posterior spinal fusions. Pain management using predominantly opioids is often associated with multiple adverse effects, while mul...
Maintaining Elastogenicity of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells in Two-Dimensional Culture.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are localized expansions of the abdominal aorta that grow slowly to rupture. AAA growth is driven by irreversible elastic matrix breakdown in the aorta wall by chr...
Mechanisms ofnorthern NorthAtlantic biomass variability

Abstract. In the North Atlantic Ocean north of 40° N, intense biological productivity occurs to form the base of a highly productive marine food web. SeaWiFS satellite observations indicate trends of biomass in this region over 1998–2007. Significant biomass increases occur in the northwest subpolar gyre and there are simultaneous significant declines to the east of 30–35° W. In this study, we use a regional biogeochemical model of the North Atlantic that captures the observed trends to determine their mechanistic drivers. Biomass increases in the northwest are due to a weakening of the subpolar gyre and associated shoaling of mixed layers that relieves light limitation. Biomass declines to the east of 30–35° W are due to reduced horizontal convergence of phosphate. This reduced convergence is attributable to declines in vertical phosphate supply in the regions of deepest winter mixing that lie to the west of 30–35° W. Over the full timeframe of the model experiment, 1949–2009, variability of both horizontal and vertical phosphate supply drive variability in biomass on the northeastern flank of the subtropical gyre. In the northeast subpolar gyre horizontal fluxes drive biomass variability for both timeframes. Though physically-driven changes in nutrient supply or light availability are the ultimate drivers of biomass changes, clear mechanistic links between biomass and standard physical variables or climate indices remain largely elusive.
Experimental evaluation of power distribution to reactive loads in a network-controlled delivery grid

We present experiments with combined reactive and resistive loads on a testbed based on the Controlled-Delivery power Grid (CDG) concept. The CDG is a novel data-based paradigm for distribution of energy in smart cities and smart buildings. This approach to the power grid distributes controlled amounts of power of loads following a request-grant protocol performed through a parallel data network. This network is used as a data plane that notifies the energy supplier about requests and inform loads of the amount of granted power. The energy supplier decides the load, amount, and the time power is granted. Each load is associated with a network address, which is used at the time when power is requested and granted. In this way, power is only delivered to selected loads. Knowing the amount of power being supplied in the CDG requires knowing the precise amount of power demand before this is requested. While the concept works well for an array of resistive loads, it is unclear how to apply it to reactive loads, such as motors, whose power consumption varies over time. Therefore, in this paper, we implement a testbed with multiple loads, two light bulbs as resistive loads and an electrical motor as a reactive load. We then propose to use power profiles for the adoption of the request-grant protocol in the CDG concept. We adopt the use of power profiles to leverage the generation of power requests and evaluate the efficiency of the request-grant protocol on the amount of supplied power. In addition, the deviation of delivered power in the data and power planes is evaluated and results show that the digitized power profile of the reactive loads enables the issuing of power requests for such loads with high accuracy.
Major Sources of Supply: California, Florida, and Mexico

As we have seen, a large proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables from domestic sources comes from California and Florida, and Mexico is the most important source of imports. This chapter provides a brief description of some of the characteristics of these regions, the reasons why they compete so effectively in our markets, and the challenges they may face in maintaining a major share of the market in the future.
Common Techniques in Fault Tolerance and Security (and Performance

The commonality between fault tolerance techniques and security techniques is considered here as it relates to the design of general purpose computer systems. The thesis of this presentation is that although fault tolerance and security are important computer system attributes, the computer industry is driven by cost/performance. It is incumbent upon fault-tolerant-computing and computer-security researchers to seek techniques and mechanisms that have commonality with those used to achieve high performance, so that new fault tolerance or security measures have a minimal impact on cost/performance and are likely to be included in new systems. An example of a traditional technique that provides fault tolerance, security, and high performance is given below, and an emerging approach is shown to be connected to each of these properties. Other promising areas are suggested where connections among these three computer system properties might be established.
Domain wall dynamics in GaMnAsP films with perpendicular anisotropy

Dynamics of domain wall (DW) nucleation, relaxation and switching is studied in a series of GaMnAsP films with anisotropy perpendicular to the film plane using ac susceptibility measurements. Measurements of dc and ac magnetization along the [001] crystal axis (the easy axis of GaMnAsP film) were performed by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The ac driving field was applied at various frequencies, from 0.1 Hz to 1000 Hz at an amplitude of 3.77 Oe. Characteristic dynamic modes in the ac spectra were mapped in all GaMnAsP films near the Curie temperature TC, where the coercive field is comparable to the ac driving field. More significantly, we were able to identify DW relaxation, sliding, and switching from Cole-Cole plots. We found that DW segmental relaxation becomes dominant in GaMnAsP films with higher P concentration, where the coercive fields are enlarged as P concentration increases.
Longitudinal associations between self-reported experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms in young women and men post- myocardial infarction

Abstract Objectives Research suggests that following a myocardial infarction (MI), women under the age of 60 have more elevated depressive symptoms and adverse outcomes than similarly aged men. Identifying risk factors that contribute to gender differences in depressive symptoms among this group may be critical to the development of psychosocial interventions. Experiences of discrimination may be an important correlate of depressive symptoms in this group; however, studies of this relationship have largely been cross-sectional and focused on healthy populations. This study examines longitudinal associations among gender, discrimination, and depressive symptoms in a young post-MI cohort. Methods Participants were 313 adults from the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress Ischemia Study 2 of young (≤60 yrs) post-MI patients. At baseline and 6 month follow-up, depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and discrimination was assessed with the 10-item version Everyday Discrimination scale. Linear regression models were used to assess the longitudinal association between reports of discrimination and depressive symptoms adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors and health status indicators and tested for gender differences. Results The mean age was 51.2, 49.6% were women, and 69.5% were African-American. Although the discrimination-by-gender interaction was marginally significant (p = .09) in the fully adjusted model, findings suggest that the association between changes in reports of discrimination and depressive symptoms over time may be more pronounced for women (β = 0.61, standard error = 0.15, p Conclusion Our findings suggest that discrimination is a risk factor for depressive symptoms in young post-MI populations over time.
Gene silencing of HIF-2α disrupts glioblastoma stem cell phenotype.

Aim Improved treatment strategies are desperately needed for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive malignancy and recurrence in glioblastoma multiforme. Hypoxic regions within the tumor microenvironment help maintain and promote the proliferation of CSCs. Here, we explored the effects of silencing hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) because of its specificity for CSCs within the hypoxic environment. Methods Cancer stem cell neurospheres were formed by enriching from both the glioblastoma cell line U87 and from brain tumor stem cells isolated directly from human brain tumors. Silencing of human HIF-2α was performed using both commercial and in-house transfection of a validated short interfering RNA, with all results compared to an established non-silencing control short interfering RNA. Silencing of HIF-2α was established by Western blotting, and phenotypic effects were assayed by cell migration assays, cell viability measurements, and immunofluorescence staining of differentiation markers. Results Transfection with either our previously reported pH-sensitive, cationic amphiphilic macromolecule-based delivery system or Lipofectamine was similarly effective in silencing HIF-2α. The chemotherapeutic resistance and neurosphere formation were reduced when HIF-2α was silenced. Migratory capacities in the presence of macrophage conditioned media were modulated. HIF-2α silencing was complementary to temozolomide treatment in producing phenotypic rather than cytotoxic effects. Conclusion HIF-2α silencing under hypoxia inhibited CSC phenotypes while promoting differentiated cell phenotypes and is complementary to existing DNA alkylating treatments in inhibiting glioma CSC activity.
A diet for healthy weight: Why reaching a consensus seems difficult

Overweight and obesity are global health problems that contribute to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. The World Health Organization recognizes obesity as a primarily diet-induced, preventable condition, yet losing weight or keeping weight loss permanent is a universal challenge. In the U.S., formal dietary guidelines have existed since 1980. Over the same time-period, the incidence of obesity has skyrocketed. Here, we present our perspective on why current dietary guidelines are not always supported by a robust body of scientific data and emphasize the critical need for accelerated nutrition research funding. A clear understanding of the interaction of dietary patterns with system-level biological changes in a precise, response-specific manner can help inform evidence-based nutrition education, policy, and practice.
DC-Based Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy

As the sentinels of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating and regulating antigen-specific immune responses. Cross-priming, a process that DCs activate CD8 T cells by cross-presenting exogenous antigens onto their MHCI (Major Histocompatibility Complex class I), plays a critical role in mediating CD8 T cell immunity as well as tolerance. Current DC vaccines have remained largely unsuccessful despite their ability to potentiate both effector and memory CD8 T cell responses. There are two major hurdles for the success of DC-based vaccines: tumor-mediated immunosuppression and the functional limitation of the commonly used monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Due to their resistance to tumor-mediated suppression as inert vesicles, DC-derived exosomes (DCexos) have garnered much interest as cell-free therapeutic agents. However, current DCexo clinical trials have shown limited clinical benefits and failed to generate antigen-specific T cell responses. Another exciting development is the use of naturally circulating DCs instead of in vitro cultured DCs, as clinical trials with both human blood cDC2s (type 2 conventional DCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have shown promising results. pDC vaccines were particularly encouraging, especially in light of promising data from a recent clinical trial using a human pDC cell line, despite pDCs being considered tolerogenic and playing a suppressive role in tumors. However, how pDCs generate anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity remains poorly understood, thus hindering their clinical advance. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model, we have recently reported that while pDC-targeted vaccines led to strong cross-priming and durable CD8 T cell immunity, cross-presenting pDCs required cDCs to achieve cross-priming in vivo by transferring antigens to cDCs. Antigen transfer from pDCs to bystander cDCs was mediated by pDC-derived exosomes (pDCexos), which similarly required cDCs for cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. pDCexos thus represent a new addition in our arsenal of DC-based cancer vaccines that would potentially combine the advantage of pDCs and DCexos.
Concerning the preparation of 6-bromotryptamine

Abstract Most of the previous syntheses of the marine natural product 6-bromotryptamine have almost certainly led to partial debromination resulting in an impure product containing tryptamine. We show that loss of bromine occurs when lithium aluminum hydride is employed as a reducing agent in the final reaction step leading to 6-bromotryptamine. Reductive-debromination is also likely to intrude during some of the syntheses of 6-bromoindole, the typical precursor to 6-bromotryptamine. None of the seven described syntheses of 6-bromotryptamine that involve a reduction sequence from 6-bromoindole have reported elemental analyses as a measure of purity.
Chiral lattice fermions from staggered fields

We describe a proposal for constructing a lattice theory that we argue may be capable of yielding free Weyl fermions in the continuum limit. The model employs reduced staggered fermions and uses site parity dependent Yukawa interactions of Fidkowski-Kitaev type to gap a subset of the lattice fermions without breaking symmetries. The possibility for such symmetric mass generation is tied to the cancellation of certain discrete anomalies arising in the continuum limit. The latter place strong constraints on the number of lattice fermions---constraints that are satisfied by this model. We present numerical results for the model in two dimensions which support this scenario.
Technical Note: Past and future warming – Direct comparison on multi-century timescales

Abstract. In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that Northern Hemisphere temperatures had reached levels unprecedented in at least 1400 years. The 2021 report now sees global mean temperatures rising to levels unprecedented in over 100,000 years. This Technical Note briefly explains the reasons behind this major change. Namely, the new assessment reflects additional global warming that occurred between two reports, and improved paleotemperature reconstructions that extend further back in time. Critically, the conclusion also considers multi-century future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century time scales.
Seismic performance of flexible timber diaphragms: Damping, force–displacement and natural period

Abstract Seismic performance of flexible timber diaphragms is examined using available test data. Damping–ductility and force–displacement relationships are quantified for numerous different types of diaphragm constructions. It has been observed that the damping–ductility relationship is significantly different than that for other types of structures, often exhibiting a decrease or relatively constant damping as ductility increases. Additionally, due to their highly inelastic behavior, even at low displacement amplitudes, the equivalent damping ratio of the diaphragm can be predicted from the hysteresis damping component only. This paper also tabulates force–displacement backbone curve parameters for both second-order curves and bi-linear models. Scaling of the elastic diaphragm stiffness based on theory is considered and determined to be reasonably accurate for plywood diaphragms. Natural periods calculated using several models, including those utilizing Timoshenko (shear) beam theory and ASCE7-10, have been compared to natural periods from recorded seismic motions of four prototype buildings with masonry shear walls and timber diaphragms. The model which achieved the lowest average error corresponds to a shear beam with lumped mass at the mid-span equal to half the total mass on the diaphragm.
Balancing the Load in Large-Scale Distributed Enitity-Level Simulations

A distributed, parallel implementation of the widely used Modular Semi-Automated Forces (ModSAF) Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is presented, using networked high-performance resources to simulate large-scale entity-level exercises. Processing, communication and I/O demands increase dramatically as the simulation grows in terms of size or complexity. A general framework for functional decomposition and scalable communications architecture is presented. An analysis of the communications load within a single computer and between computers is presented. Ongoing activities to address more dynamically communication limitations and processing load using Globus are discussed.
River-dominated, shelf-edge deltas: Delivery of sand across the shelf break in the absence of slope incision

Shelf-edge deltas record the potential magnitude of sediment delivery from shallow water shelf into deep water slope and basin floor and, if un-incised, represent the main increment of shelf-margin growth into the basin, for that period. The three-dimensional complexity of shelf-edge delta systems and along-strike variability at the shelf edge in particular, remains understudied. The Permian–Triassic Kookfontein Formation of the Tanqua Karoo Basin, South Africa, offers extensive three-dimensional exposure (>100 km2) and therefore a unique opportunity to evaluate shelf-edge strata from an outcrop perspective. Analysis of stratal geometry and facies distribution from 52 measured and correlated stratigraphic sections show the following: (i) In outer-shelf areas, parasequences are characterized by undeformed, river-dominated, storm-wave influenced delta mouth-bar sandstones interbedded with packages showing evidence of syn-depositional deformation. The amount and intensity of soft-sediment deformation increases significantly towards the shelf edge where slump units and debris flows sourced from collapsed mouth-bar packages transport material down slope. (ii) On the upper slope, mouth-bar and delta-front sandstones pinch out within 2 km of the shelf break and most slump and debris flow units pinch out within 4 km of the shelf break. (iii) Further down the slope, parasequences consist of finer-grained turbidites, characterized by interbedded, thin tabular siltstones and sandstones. The results highlight that river-dominated, shelf-edge deltas transport large volumes of sand to the upper slope, even when major shelf-edge incisions are absent. In this case, transport to the upper slope through slumping, debris flows and un-channellized low density turbidites is distributed evenly along strike.
The Trial of Leo Frank: An Account

The discovery of the body of a thirteen-year-old girl in the basement of an Atlanta pencil factory where she had gone to collect her pay check shocked the citizens of that crime-ravaged southern city and roused its public officials to find a suspect and secure a conviction. Unfortunately, it now seems, events and the South's anti-Semitism conspired to lead to the conviction of the wrong man, the factory's Jewish superintendent, Leo Frank. The case ultimately drew the attention of the United States Supreme Court and the Governor of Georgia, but neither the Constitution nor a Governor's commutation could spare Frank a violent death at the end of rope strung from a Georgia oak tree.
Knowledge creation in the telework context

This paper suggests that 'telework' alters the context within which teleworkers acquire knowledge. Because of sophisticated information technologies, teleworkers have greater access to on–line information and documentation. This access creates the potential for higher explicit knowledge in comparison with the traditional work environment. However, telework increases the physical distance from work and decreases the ability to socialize. Increased physical distance creates a challenge in the teleworkers' abilities to acquire tacit knowledge. Socialization, mentoring, training and documentation practices, therefore, become important for maintaining knowledge in the organization.
Hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants increases exposure of apolipoprotein E

The consequences of hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants were studied. Rats were fed corn oil to induce production and secretion of chylomicrons and were then injected with polyclonal antiserum raised against hepatic lipase to specifically and quantitatively inhibit hepatic lipase activity in vivo. A fraction enriched in chylomicron remnants was isolated from rat plasma by a brief centrifugation step that preferentially isolates triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing lipoproteins. The chylomicron remnants were then treated with hepatic lipase in vitro, or incubated under identical conditions in the absence of enzyme (control incubations). Hepatic lipase-treated and control chylomicron remnants were isolated by a second brief centrifugation step using discontinuous salt gradients. Control lipoproteins were collected from one discrete band at d
Power Calculation for Comparing Diagnostic Accuracies in a Multi-Reader, Multi-Test Design

Summary Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is widely used to evaluate the performance of diagnostic tests with continuous or ordinal responses. A popular study design for assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests involves multiple readers interpreting multiple diagnostic test results, called the multi-reader, multi-test design. Although several different approaches to analyzing data from this design exist, few methods have discussed the sample size and power issues. In this article, we develop a power formula to compare the correlated areas under the ROC curves (AUC) in a multi-reader, multi-test design. We present a nonparametric approach to estimate and compare the correlated AUCs by extending DeLong et al.'s (1988, Biometrics 44, 837–845) approach. A power formula is derived based on the asymptotic distribution of the nonparametric AUCs. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed power formula and an example is provided to illustrate the proposed procedure.
Validated Leverett Approach for Multiphase Flow in PEFC Diffusion Media II. Compression Effect

This work is the second part of a series of papers to describe the multiphase transport mechanism in thin-film polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) diffusion media (DM). The present work is devoted to delineating the effects of compression. Direct measurements of drainage capillary pressure-saturation curves for SGL series carbon paper DM tailored with a range of mixed wettability were performed at room temperature under various compressions (0, 0.6, and 1.4 MPa) typically encountered in a fuel cell assembly. Based on these benchmark data, an appropriate form of the Leverett approach, including a Leverett-type empirical function that incorporates the effect of compression and the mixed wettability characteristics of the tested DM samples, was developed. The presented approach can determine the capillary pressure as a function of hydrophobic additive content, liquid saturation, compression, and uncompressed porosity of the DM. Compression leads to an increase in capillary pressure, effectively caused by the corresponding reduction in effective porosity. Any increase in hydrophobicity amplifies the compression effect, yielding a higher capillary pressure for the same saturation level. Furthermore, the fraction of connected hydrophilic pores is observed to be reduced with an increase in compression, leading to a favorable reduction in water storage capacity of the fuel cell DM.
Distributed interactive simulation for synthetic forces

Interactive simulation of battles is a valuable tool for training. The behavior and movement of hundreds or thousands of entities (tanks, trucks, airplanes, missiles, etc.) is currently simulated using dozens or more workstations on geographically distributed LANs connected by WANs. The simulated entities can move, fire weapons, receive "radio" messages, etc. The terrain that they traverse may change dynamically, for example due to rains turning dirt roads into mud or bombs forming craters. Thus the entities need to receive frequent information about the state of the terrain and the location and state of other entities. Typically, information is updated several times a second. As the number of simulated entities grows, the number of messages that need to be sent per unit of time can grow to unmanageable numbers. One approach to reducing the number of messages is to keep track of what entities need to know about which other entities and only send information to the entities that need to know. For example, tanks in Germany need not know about a change of course of a ship in the Pacific. This technique for reducing messages is known as interest management. Caltech and its Jet Propulsion Laboratory have implemented a simulation of this type on several large-scale parallel computers, exploiting both the compute power and the fast messaging fabric of such systems. The application is implemented using a heterogeneous approach. Some nodes are used to simulate entities, some to manage a database of terrain information, some to provide interest management functions, and some to route messages to the entities that do need to receive the information. Some of these tasks require more memory than others, some require faster processing capability.
Managing the Paradoxes of Mobile Technology

Abstract This article reports on a large-scale, international focus group study that examined the experiences of mobile technology users in Hong Kong, Japan, Finland, and the United States. It identifies eight central mobile technology paradoxes that shape user experience and behavior, suggests possible design features that relate to the experienced paradoxes, and discusses how these features could be better managed.
New Species of Heptagenia From Western North America (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)

Two undescribed species of the genus Heptagenia of the maculipennis group are described and illustrated. Heptagenia jewetti n. sp. is known from Oregon, and H . petersi n. sp. from Wyoming and Utah.
COMBINED BUCCAL MUCOSA GRAFT AND PENILE FLAP FOR URETHRAL RECONSTRUCTION IN FAILED HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR

inserted into the seminal vesicle and remnant ureter endoscopically. Seminal vesicle cysts were excised by laparoscopic surgery with transperitoneal approach. One patient also had a laparoscopic ureterectomy for remnant ureter. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 128.3 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 6.3 days. There was no operative complication and transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal vesicles cysts may be found in patients with renal agenesis. Laparoscopy is considered a minimal invasive management of this combined anomalies, providing a good image and an easy approach.
Age and performance differences of male patients on modified stanford hypnotic susceptibility scales

Abstract The suggestibility of 68 hospitalized veterans was measured with modified versions of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Forms A and B. Data on 4 age groups are reported. Negative correlations of age with modified Form A and Form B scores were significant (p<.01).
Role of peptide growth factors in the prostate: A review

A staggering estimated 166,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and over 35,000 prostate cancer deaths will occur this year in the United States. In 6 of 11 men prostate cancer will develop during their lifetime. Unfortunately, the age-specific mortality rate for prostate cancer is continuing to rise in spite of earlier detection by serum prostate-specific antigen or current prostate cancer treatment modalities. Moreover, at the time of diagnosis the majority of men will have metastatic cancer for which there is no cure and the prognosis is dismal. The standard method of prostate treatment as described by Huggins et al192 over fifty years ago is still androgen withdrawal, but the prostate cancer eventually becomes androgen independent, resumes growth, and kills the patient. Clearly, better androgen blockade is not the answer for treating prostate cancer, rather research efforts should focus on those factors that sustain prostate growth in the absence of androgens. Peptide growth factors appear to be “those factors” that directly regulate prostate growth. In fact, androgens may only indirectly regulate prostatic growth-through peptide growth factors. There is much evidence to support the notion that androgens indirectly influence prostate cell proliferation. In the rat, prostate growth parallels androgen serum levels until eight weeks of age. At this point the testosterone level drops, yet the prostate continues to grow until about twenty-five weeks of age.3 Prostate cells grown in culture do not increase in number when treated with androgens. Moreover, human and rat normal prostate cells require epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), not androgens, to proliferate in culture.3’5 Thus, prostate cells may grow in the absence of androgens. Peptide growth factors are potent regulators of cellular proliferation.6 Several oncogene proteins