cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Stress* Exercise versus Sleep in Patients with COPD

Epidemiologic investigation has revealed that patients with pulmonary disease are at increased risk of dying during the early morning hours. To provide a pathophysiologic explanation for these excessive nocturnal mortality statistics, we tested the hypothesis that episodes of arterial O 2 desaturation during sleep can produce as severe a stress on the maintenance of myocardial O 2 balance as maximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirty-one subjects with COPD underwent both overnight sleep and treadmill exercise study to their dyspnea-limited maximum. During both activities, systemic blood pressure was directly recorded and myocardial oxygen consumption (M V ˙ O 2 ) estimated from the pulse rate (HR) - systolic blood pressure (SBP) product. Arterial O 2 content (CaO 2 ) was calculated from hemoglobin concentration and arterial O 2 saturation (SaO 2 ) measured by ear oximetry. Using these data and the Fick principle, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was continuously estimated during both exercise and sleep. During sleep, mean SaO 2 was 88 ± 7 percent while the average of the lowest SaO 2 recorded for each subject was 71±14 percent. Episodes of nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation produced consistent elevations in SBP frequently accompanied by an increase in HR. Because this hemodynamic response resulted in increased M V ˙ O 2 at precisely the times when arterial O 2 contents were low, high demands for MBF were generated. The average of the highest individual values for MBF during sleep was 244 ± 144 (ml/100 g LV/min). This value was not significantly different from the value of MBF=281±91 (ml/100 g LV/min) determined for maximal exercise. This finding suggests that the demand for coronary blood flow during episodes of nocturnal hypoxemia can be transiently as great as during maximal exercise in patients with COPD.
Voodoo Feminism Through the Lens of Jewell Parker Rhodes's Voodoo Dreams

The tradition of conjuring is well documented and discussed in African American literary discourse. Marjorie Pryse comments on Alice Walker's professed role in writing The Color Purple (1982), “If there is magic involved in Walker's perception of herself as a medium, it is women's magic, the origins of which are as old as women themselves—and which, in the Black community, has often taken other forms but has also taken literary expression” (2). In his article on Charles Chestnutt's Conjure Woman (1899), Eric Sellinger comments “on the limits authors like Chestnutt worked within and against—including, perhaps, the definitions of masculinity and femininity his conjure figures suggest” (667). Concerned with the early tradition of casting conjure women as “comic or demonic,” Lindsay Tucker argues that Gloria Naylor's Mama Day (1988), “sees the conjure woman in need of textual restitution” (175). These scholars discern a relationship between gender and power—a relationship that emerges in the work of Jewell Parker Rhodes as well.
The impact of title event sponsorship announcements on shareholder wealth

Title sponsorships are often considered the crown jewels of sports sponsorship programs. Garnering top media coverage, title sponsorships are prized for both generating brand/product awareness and building image for their sponsors. Not surprisingly, the rising cost of title sponsorships has led some managers to question their underlying value. Accordingly, this study presents an analysis of the impact of 114 title sponsorship announcements of professional tennis and golf tournaments (both men’s and women’s), auto racing (NASCAR), and college bowl games on the stock prices of sponsoring firms. Overall, the results of the study suggest that title sponsorships are generally signed at market-clearing prices. Thus, companies undertaking title sponsorships typically receive exactly what they pay for—except in the case of NASCAR races (which show evidence of increases in share prices). Splitting the sample into new and renewing sponsorships generates results which differ dramatically by sport. Finally, a cross-sectional regression finds congruence of sport and sponsor, sponsorship by high tech firms and sponsorships by large firms all correlated with perceived sponsorship success.
Genome-wide profiling of multiple histone methylations in olfactory cells: further implications for cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress in schizophrenia.

Genome-wide profiling of multiple histone methylations in olfactory cells: further implications for cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress in schizophrenia
Simplified method for polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

We report a method for extracting the birefringence properties of biological samples with micrometer-scale resolution in three dimensions, using a new form of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. The method measures net retardance, net fast axis, and total reflectivity as a function of depth into the sample. Polarization sensing is accomplished by illumination of the sample with at least three separate polarization states during consecutive acquisitions of the same pixel, A scan, or B scan. The method can be implemented by use of non-polarization-maintaining fiber and a single detector. In a calibration test of the system, net retardance was measured with an average error of 7.5° (standard deviation 2.2°) over the retardance range 0° to 180°, and a fast axis with average error of 4.8° over the range 0° to 180°.
Polypoid lipomatosis of the small bowel.

An unusual case of multiple polypoid, benign lipomatous tumors in the ileum of a 53-year-old female with vague gastrointestinal symptoms is described. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and a technique which could have allowed definitive pre-operative diagnosis is suggested.
Spatial spring equilibrator theory

Abstract An approach to equilibrator design based on system potential energy is developed to “perfectly” statically balance a general two degree of freedom rotable link. The system may consist of n -springs, each attached to the ground at one end and to a general two degree of freedom rotatable link at the other. Conditions on system parameters, or design equations, which result in a constant potential energy of the system are given.
Electrochemical characterization of vertical arrays of tin nanowires grown on silicon substrates as anode materials for lithium rechargeable microbatteries

Abstract Vertical arrays of one-dimensional tin nanowires on silicon dioxide (SiO 2 )/silicon (Si) substrates have been developed as anode materials for lithium rechargeable microbatteries. The process is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible for fabricating on-chip microbatteries. Nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates integrated on SiO 2 /Si substrates were employed for fabrication of tin nanowires resulting in high surface area of anodes. The microstructure of these nanowire arrays was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical tests showed that the discharge capacity of about 400 mA h g −1 could be maintained after 15 cycles at the high discharge/charge rate of 4200 mA g −1 .
The interaction of fatty acids with rabbit liver and muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Various fatty acids containing 10--22 carbons and including unsaturated derivatives were found to be inhibitors of rabbit liver and skeletal muscle sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8). For the liver enzyme, the logarithm of the inhibition constant was linearly related to the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acids whereas the muscle enzyme, which was generally more strongly inhibited, showed a nonlinear dependence. The liver and muscle enzymes also interacted differently with a series of unsaturated fatty acids for which a high degree of specificity was exhibited which was related to the position, configuration, and number of double bonds in the compound. A steady-state kinetic analysis shows that under some conditions, the kinetics of the NADH reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by NADH in the presence of stearic acid do not follow simple Michaelis-Menten behavior but rather the velocity shows a sigmoidal dependence on fatty acid concentration and strong substrate inhibition. Stearic acid is a much poorer inhibitor of the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate. At low substrate concentrations stearic acid is competitive with respect to NAD with an inhibition constant of 24 micrometer for stearic acid. In addition to the effect of fatty acids on the initial velocities of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions, preincubation of the enzyme with fatty acid leads to a slow, time-dependent irreversible inactivation of the enzyme which is prevented by the presence of NADH. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in the conformations of the hydrophobic binding sites on the two enzymes.
Shorts of block operators and infinite networks a note on the shorted operator: II

Let Aij i, j=1, 2,..., be operators on a Hilbert spaceX, such that the compound operatorA ∞=A ij i, j=1 ∞ induces a bounded positive operator onl 2(X). We show that S(A ∞, theshorted operator (orgeneralized Schur complement), of A∞ can be obtained as the limits of shorts of the operators An, where An is the truncated version ofA ∞, thenA n=A ij i, j=1 n . We use these results to study the short-circuit approximations to infinite networks.
Perspective display of patient external and internal contours

The two-dimensional perspective display of three-dimensional patient contour data is useful in radiotherapy treatment planning as it provides a comprehensive view of the relative positions of patient internal (organ and target) and external contours. The advent of minicomputers and video display systems has made possible the integration of such display techniques into the treatment planning routine. This paper describes and gives an example of the methods we have found useful in producing perspective displays of patient contour data. Included is a solution to the problem of removing hidden line segments from the displayed image.
Long‐term transformations: excavating privilege and diversity in the academy

The article presents a theoretical framework, ‘institutional phase theory’, that charts the process by which higher education faculties in the USA were broadened by race, gender, and to a certain extent class over the past 40 years. Drawing upon institutional ethnographies of three very different universities – a top‐ranked private university, a comprehensive urban university, and a top‐ranked public university, the authors provide examples from the third, the University of Michigan. By taking a historical and institutional approach, the authors chart the movement from accepting ‘exceptional’ women and faculty of colour on male terms to measurable changes in overly rigid structures and institution‐wide policies; expanded visions and boundaries in traditional disciplines; interdisciplinarity as a mark of the university; and transformed scholarly research in selected disciplines.
Effects of outcome-driven insurance reimbursement on short-term weight control

CONTEXT: Although most health insurers exclude coverage of weight control therapy, one local insurer offered partial reimbursement of the cost of a weight control program, using an incentive plan. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outcome-driven insurer-based reimbursement improves participation in a weight control program and short-term weight loss outcomes. DESIGN: Cohort follow-up study between January 1998 and February 2001. SETTING: Community weight management program operated by an academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Obese participants who had the potential for reimbursement (Group A, n=25) and participants in the same program classes (Group B, n=100) who had no possibility for reimbursement. Subjects in Group B were selected from among 206 potential participants using a propensity score to match them with subjects in Group A on age, gender, ethnicity, starting BMI, starting weight, and educational, economic, and demographic variables. INTERVENTION: Group lifestyle-based weight management program. The insurer reimbursed half the cost of the program to obese participants who met minimum weight criteria, paid the program fee at enrollment, attended ≥10 of the 12 classes, and lost ≥6% of initial body weight after 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates and weight loss outcomes. RESULTS: Group A subjects attended significantly more classes (mean±s.d.: 10.1±1.8 vs 8.2±2.5, P CONCLUSIONS: Insurer-based reimbursement that is contingent upon initial financial commitment on the part of the patient, consistent program participation, and successful weight loss is associated with significantly better short-term weight control outcomes.
Sedative and electroencephalographic actions of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA): Relationship to inhibition of brain adenosine deaminase

Parenteral administration of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) results in a profound decrease in spontaneous motor activity in mice and rats. The inhibition of cortical ADA activity measured ex vivo parallels the decrease in spontaneous motor activity in a time-dependent manner. Nonetheless, a marked reduction in electroencephalographically defined sleep was observed in rats during a period when both spontaneous motor activity and ADA activity were profoundly inhibited. These data suggest that EHNA produces in rats a state of ‘quiescent waking’, which may be related to the observed inhibition of brain ADA activity.
IBM System z I/O discovery and autoconfiguration

IBM zEnterprise®, the latest family of IBM mainframe servers, introduces the System z® input/output (I/O) discovery and autoconfiguration (zDAC) feature. The zDAC feature is the latest step of many I/O-related technologies that simplify the definition and management of I/O configurations for mainframe clients. These I/O technologies provide the autonomic management of I/O requests to meet the workload goals specified by the client policy, dynamically altering the logical I/O configuration to adjust bandwidth capacity required, automatically reacting to hardware and firmware failures to adjust the configuration to maintain optimal availability characteristics, and automatically identifying single points of failure from the host through the I/O fabric to the storage subsystems. This paper describes the zDAC capability and how it complements the autonomic I/O capabilities provided by the IBM z/OS® operating system and IBM mainframes.
Abstract 4613: Serum levels of antioxidants in college aged, elderly, and cancer patients

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Antioxidants are able to prevent the oxidation of biomolecules. Free radicals are oxidants known to be agents which damage DNA. This damage can lead to cancer. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and are an effective defense system. It has been shown that consumption of fruits, nuts, vegetables, and seeds increases the body's total antioxidant capacity.1 Performing a study that provides data on antioxidant levels in serum will offer insight on potential improvements that can be made in the diets of various populations. In this study we used the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) to compare serum antioxidant status in three different groups, college age, elderly, and cancer patients. Serum was obtained from 15 college age students (18-21) at Brigham Young University, 15 age matched elderly persons (over the age of 55), and 15 cancer patients. 10 ml of blood was drawn, allowed to clot, centrifuged to separate the cells from the serum, and then diluted to a 1/128 concentration. The ORAC assay was utilized as a way to determine the ability of serum to prevent the oxidation of fluorescein. The results of the experiment surprisingly demonstrate that cancer serum has the highest level of antioxidant status with 99200.97 trolox equivalents per Liter (TE/L) and a standard deviation (STDEV) of 17838.13. The elderly presented the second highest levels of serum antioxidants with 37837.75 TE/L and a STDEV of 7947.08. The college age group had the lowest TE/L with 19051.82 and a STDEV of 2113.36. The elderly compared to the youthful had a p-value < 0.0001, and the cancer patients compared to the healthy possessed a p-value < 0.0001. These results have brought forth more questions than answers. The elderly and cancer patients may have a greater concern for proper dietary intake compared to college age individuals. The cells of the youthful also may be more capable of intaking the antioxidants from the bloodstream. Further studies on these two conclusions may reveal more on the data retrieved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4613
Symmetries within chaos: A route to effective mixing

Experimental studies show that simple two‐dimensional time‐periodic flows can produce chaotic mixing. However, the mixing is not always complete; depending on the choice of the period, there can exist large dynamic structures, called islands, that stretch and compress in a time‐periodic manner but remain segregated even after long times. Obviously, a flow that contains very few islands is desired. Unfortunately, in most real systems, an analytic expression for the velocity field (or the motion) does not usually exist, making theoretical prediction of the location and size of islands virtually impossible. However, using only minimal knowledge of the gross properties of the velocity field, the flow can be analyzed in terms of its symmetries. Symmetries can be detected without reference to precise mathematical equations. Large islands are located on lines of symmetry, or in pairs on opposite sides of the line. With this knowledge, it is possible to manipulate symmetries in a systematic way so as to move an island into a region of good mixing. Applying this idea repeatedly results in a recursively generated flow history that is neither periodic nor random, but is self‐similar. Mixing in these flows is efficient over the entire flow domain. In addition, the idea of recursively generated flow histories might have implications for understanding the mechanisms of turbulent flow.
Fabrication of mesenchymal stem cells-integrated vascular constructs mimicking multiple properties of the native blood vessels

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-populated small diameter (6 mm) vascular constructs were fabricated. The constructs mimicked the native vessels in multiple levels, i.e. having similar structure and morphology to that of the extracellular matrix in the native blood vessels; recapitulating mechanical properties such as compliance and burst pressure of the native blood vessels; simulating the highly cellularized nature of the native blood vessels; and having an antithrombogenic lumen. The constructs were fabricated by simultaneously assembling poly(ester carbonate urethane) urea nanofibers and MSCs in an electrical field. The nanofibers had a diameter similar to that of the collagen and elastin fibers in the native blood vessels. MSCs were distributed evenly in the constructs. The constructs were highly cellularized when the cell loading density was exceeded 6 million/ml. The vascular constructs were strong and flexible with breaking strains of 144–202%, tensile strengths of 0.80–1.29 MPa, compliances of 13.23...
Diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy : Sensitivity and specificity of cortical biopsy

Background and Purpose Examination of cortical tissue obtained surgically is an important tool for diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) during life. Analysis of a single sample of cortical tissue, however, might lead to conclusions that are either falsely positive (because of the high frequency of CAA in the healthy elderly) or falsely negative (because of the patchy distribution of CAA pathology). We therefore attempted to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of cortical biopsy for diagnosis of CAA as the cause of intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods To simulate biopsy in CAA, we took biopsy-sized cortical samples from postmortem brains with known extents of CAA: either CAA-related hemorrhage or mild to severe CAA without hemorrhage. Samples were stained with the use of methods routinely available in surgical pathology laboratories and blindly examined for vascular amyloid and amyloid-related vasculopathic changes. Results The presence of vascular amyloid was a sensitive marker for CAA-related...
SU-F-BRE-10: Methods to Simulate and Measure the Attenuation for Modeling a Couch Top with Rails for FFF Treatment Delivery On the Varian Edge Linac

Purpose: To measure attenuation for modelling of the KVue Couchtop for 6X and 10X FFF SRS/SBRT treatment Methods: Treatment planning simulation studies were done using 6X FFF beams to estimate the dosimetric impact of KVue couchtops (including the Q-Fix IGRT [carbon fiber] and Calypso [nonconductive Kevlar material]) with a structure model obtained from a research workstation (Eclipse, advanced planning interface (API) v13). Prior to installation on the Varian Edge linac, the couchtop along with (Kevlar) rails were CT scanned with the rails at various positions. An additional scan with the couchtop 15cm above the CT table top was obtained with 20cm solid water to facilitate precised/indexed data acquisition. Measurements for attenuation were obtained for field sizes of 2, 4 and 10 cm2 at 42 gantry angles including 6 pairs of opposing fields and other angles for oblique delivery where the beams traversed the couchtop and or rails. The delivery was fully automated with xml scripts running in developer mode. The results were then used to determine an accurate structure model for AAA (Eclipse v11) planning of IMRT and RapidArc delivery. Results: The planning simulation relative dose attenuation for oblique entry was not significantly different than the Exact IGRT or BrainLab iBeam couch except that the rails added 6% additional attenuation. The relative attenuation measurements for PA, PA (rails: inner position), oblique, oblique (rails: outer position), oblique (rails: inner position) were: −2.0%, −2.5%, −15.6%, −2.5%, −5.0% for 6X FFF and −1.4%, −1.5%, −12.2%, − 2.5%, −5.0% for 10X FFF with slight decrease in attenuation versus field size. A Couch structure model (with HU values) was developed. Calculation compared to measurement showed good agreement except for oblique (rails: outer position) where differences approached a magnitude of 6%. Conclusion: A model of the couch structures has been developed accounting for attenuation for FFF beams.
Influence of high mainstream turbulence on leading edge film cooling heat transfer : effect of film hole spacing

Abstract The effect of injection hole geometry on the leading edge heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness, under high mainstream turbulence condition, was experimentally studied for an incident mainstream Reynolds number of 100 000. Data were obtained for three blowing ratios of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 through two rows of film holes located at ±15 and ±40° for two injection geometries: (a) film holes spaced four hole diameters apart and (b) film holes spaced three hole diameters apart, in the spanwise direction. The results show that the leading edge heat transfer coefficient increases and the film effectiveness decreases with increasing mainstream turbulence; however, the effect reduces with increasing blowing ratio. The leading edge heat transfer with coolant injection (heat load) for the three hole diameters case is lower than that for the four hole diameters case at low mainstream turbulence, but the difference reduces at higher mainstream turbulence.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Hodgkin's disease

Although a few studies have reported clonal cytogenetic changes in Hodgkin's disease (HD), their correlation with histologic groups is poorly defined. This is because of insufficient numbers of clonally abnormal cases ascertained in each of these studies, an inherent problem associated with the cytogenetic studies of HD. In this report we present results of pathologic, phenotypic, and genetic studies on 29 HD tumors consecutively ascertained by us and the results of a comprehensive analysis of the cytogenetic data available in the literature. In our series 75% of the tumors were positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A higher frequency of EBV-positive tumors showed clonal karyotypic abnormalities than the EBV-negative tumors. Unlike the case in the previous reports, none of the 24 tumors studied by PCR showed the presence of t(14;18) (q32;q21)-carrying cells. From the comprehensive analysis of the literature, we identified recurring nonrandom numerical changes, deletions, and chromosome breaks in HD. Some of these are associated either with nodular sclerosis or with mixed cellular histologies. A comparison of the pattern of these nonrandom cytogenetic changes in HD and those reported for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) identified common deletions and breaks between them. These common genetic lesions probably play a role in disease evolution.
Wound Management in Vulnerable Populations

While wound management is a significant challenge for many rehabilitation patients, vulnerable populations are at particular risk. In addition, considerable focus is being placed on vulnerable populations within health care. Rehabilitation nurses should understand issues related to working with vulnerable patients with wounds, including poverty and payment for care, culture, and literacy. Nursing research to advance the care of individuals from vulnerable populations requires a special approach designed to establish the integrity of the research and gain the trust of potential participants.
Immunohistochemical analysis of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders for expression of CD95 and CD95L.

Primary cutaneous (PC) CD30-positive large cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) represent the spectrum of PC CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) associated with a favorable prognosis. Noncutaneous CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), although morphologically similar to PC CD30-positive LPDs, seems to be a biologically distinct entity. Cell lines derived from noncutaneous ALCL express CD95 and undergo CD95-induced apoptosis. Little is known about expression or function of CD95/CD95L in cutaneous lesions. We examined a series of PC CD30-positive LPDs and noncutaneous ALCL for expression of CD95/CD95L to investigate possible differences between these histologically similar but biologically distinct entities. Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue sections from 25 cases of CD30-positive LPDs (10 noncutaneous ALCL, 15 PC CD30-positive LPDs) were immunostained for CD3, CD20 (L26), CD43 (Leu22), CD30 (BerH2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK-1), CD95, and CD95L (C-33). One hundred large atypical cells and 100 small lymphocytes were counted to determine the percentage of CD95/ CD95L-positive cells. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. CD95 expression was slightly higher in the large atypical cells of noncutaneous ALCL compared with PC CD30-positive LPDs (median, 100% versus 94%; P = .003) because of the lower expression of CD95 in LyP. CD95L expression was higher in the surrounding small lymphocytes in PC CD30-positive LPDs (median, 3% versus 13%; P = .002). Expression of CD95 in the small lymphocytes and CD95L in the large atypical cells was not significantly different. These results support the biologic distinction between cutaneous and noncutaneous CD30-positive LPDs and may have implications in the differing clinical behavior of these entities. Further study of expression and function of apoptosis-related proteins in these entities is warranted.
Effects of MBE growth conditions on carbon contamination in GaAs

Abstract The effects of growth and pre-growth conditions on the background concentration of carbon in high quality undoped GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. Characterization of the layers by low temperature photoluminescence indicates that a growth temperature of 580°C minimizes carbon contamination, and extended pre-growth outgassing of the substrate under an As 4 over-pressure results in increased carbon concentrations. The carbon incorporation was found to be relatively insensitive to outgassing temperature above 615°C. Contrary to expectations, increasing the As/Ga flux ratio during growth resulted in larger carbon luminescence peaks.
Evaluation of commercial floating treatment wetland technologies for nutrient remediation of stormwater

Abstract Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a relatively new water treatment practice that consists of emergent wetland plants planted on floating mats constructed of buoyant material. This study utilized batch-fed mesocosms, with a seven-day retention time, to investigate the total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) remediation capability of two commercially available FTW technologies using runoff from a combined irrigation holding and stormwater retention pond. Nutrients in the pond water are attributed to runoff from nearby fertilized research plots upgradient. The FTW technologies included Beemats (Beemats LLC, New Smyrna Beach, FL, USA) and BioHaven ® floating islands (Floating Island International, Inc. Shepard, MT, USA) planted with Juncus effusus (soft rush). Due to an increase in TN and TP in the initial phase of the experiment during the plant establishment phase (weeks 1–8), BioHaven ® nutrient removal was lower over the entire experimental period than the Beemat treatment. Differences between the two treatments, such as mat material or substrate materials and/or additives may account for this difference. The BioHaven ® FTW removed 25% and 4%, while the Beemat removed 40% and 48% of the TN and TP, respectively expressed in terms of net removal over the entire study. During the plant growth season (weeks 9–18 of the study), the two technologies showed similar nutrient removal rates: for TN:0.026 ± 0.0032 and 0.025 ± 0.0018, and for TP:0.0074 ± 0.00049 and 0.0076 ± 0.00065 g/m 2 /day for Beemat and Biohaven ® , respectively. A control treatment, meant to reflect nutrient removal within the pond without the presence of plants, yielded 28% and 31% removal of TN and TP, respectively. Thus, the Beemat mat yielded a significant positive net removal of TN and TP. The BioHaven ® biomass was significantly greater than the Beemat treatment. Both treatments showed greater biomass accumulation in shoots rather than in roots. Plant nutrient content was similar between the two treatments.
Measurement of evapotranspiration and its components in a corn (Zea Mays L.) field

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at Prosser, WA in 1993, to evaluate the consistency of field techniques for measuring evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration (T), and soil evaporation (E) from a full-canopy corn field, and to evaluate the ability of sap flow gauges to detect differences in water use of corn under two contrasting irrigation treatments: full irrigation (wet treatment) and irrigation stopped when full canopy was reached (dry treatment). Twenty-minute ET rates for the wet treatment were determined using the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method. Transpiration (sap flow) rates under both irrigation treatments were measured at 20-min intervals using gauges placed on individual corn plants. Daily E rates for the wet treatment were measured using microlysimeters, and also estimated from the difference between BREB, ET and sap flow measurements. Soil–water content in both treatment areas was monitored using neutron probe and gravimetric samples. Considering the normal variation of field measurements, the agreement and consistency among the different techniques used to determine ET and its components was adequate. Despite reductions in leaf area, dry matter production and grain yield, it was possible to differentiate transpiration rates (sap flow) between dry and wet irrigation treatments only at the end of the season. Microlysimeter measurements of daytime E were generally below 1 mm, with an average of 0.6 mm, representing 13.6% of daytime ET. Night time E values were lower, with an average of 0.2 mm. Large coefficients of variation were observed. The use of microlysimeters under low soil evaporation conditions may not be practical, requiring a large number of replications to estimate the average with reasonable confidence. Results also indicated, low agreement between E estimates obtained from the difference between BREB, ET and sap flow and E measured with microlysimeters. The variability of the measurements of sap flow per unit area was large for 20-min intervals, but decreased rapidly for daily to weekly intervals. Sap flow gauges seem capable of measuring weekly flow rates of field corn within ±10% and 80–95% confidence, and daily flow rates with 80% confidence. For shorter time intervals or lower tolerable errors, the number of gauges required increases dramatically.
Time Inconsistency of Protectionist Programs

Protectionist trade policies have long been advocated as second best instruments to achieve certain national objectives in situations where there is a market imperfection. In essence, protection provides time and resources for firms to undertake cost-reducing investments. Recently there has been an emergence of new arguments to justify the implementation of "a national industrial policy" to encourage investment and to ensure the competitiveness of targeted industries. Also, at the theoretical level a new argument known as "strategic trade policy" has emerged. According to this argument, protectionism gives domestic firms strategic advantage against foreign firms to capture a greater share of export markets where rents are not competed away.' Actually, the performance of protectionist programs has been grim. Industries have not adapted, and protection has had to be renewed again and again. Arguments justifying protection have avoided this issue by implicitly assuming that authorities can credibly precommit to eliminate protection. This is a very strong assumption. In fact, government actions are not exogenous, but they are rather the result of an optimization process, or they are best responses to political pressures, as stressed in the public choice literature.2 Therefore, if authorities capitulate to protectionist pressures in the present, they are unlikely to resist them in the future, in the event that the targeted firm would not have adapted. The inability of authorities to precommit to the unconditional elimination of protection generates a trade-off for the firm. If, during the program, the firm does not invest sufficiently in cost
Pre- and post-synaptic modulators of excitatory neurotransmission: comparative effects on hypoxia/hypoglycemia in cortical cultures.

Abstract Neuron-enriched cultures from embryonic rat cerebral cortex were exposed to hypoxia and hypoglycemia, and the resulting cellular injury was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, which was maximal after 20–24 h. The increase in LDH release produced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia was prevented by N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, but not by three classes of drugs thought to modulate glutamate release: Ca 2+ channel antagonists (nimodipine, ω-conotoxin GVIA, ω-agatoxin-IVA), K ATP channel activators (cromakalim, diazoxide), and glutamate transport inhibitors (dihydrokainate, dl -threo-β-hydroxyaspartate).
Localized quadrilateral coarsening

In this paper we introduce a coarsening algorithm for quadrilateral meshes that generates quality, quad-only connectivity during level-of-coarsening creation. A novel aspect of this work is development and implementation of a localized adaptation of the polychord collapse operator to better control and preserve important surface components. We describe a novel weighting scheme for automatic deletion selection that considers surface attributes, as well as localized queue updates that allow for improved data structures and computational performance opportunities over previous techniques. Additionally, this work supports optional and intuitive user controls for tailored simplification results.
Hölder continuity of the solutions for a class of nonlinear SPDE’s arising from one dimensional superprocesses

The Holder continuity of the solution Xt(x) to a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation (see (1.2) below) arising from one dimensional superprocesses is obtained. It is proved that the Holder exponent in time variable is arbitrarily close to 1/4, improving the result of 1/10 in Li et al. (to appear on Probab. Theory Relat. Fields.). The method is to use the Malliavin calculus. The Holder continuity in spatial variable x of exponent 1/2 is also obtained by using this new approach. This Holder continuity result is sharp since the corresponding linear heat equation has the same Holder continuity.
Constraints on LVS compactifications of IIB string theory

We argue that once all theoretical and phenomenological constraints are imposed on the different versions of the Large Volume Scenario (LVS) compactifications of type IIB string theory, one particular version is favored. This is essentially a sequestered one in which the soft terms are generated by Weyl anomaly and RG running effects. We alsoshow that arguments questioning sequestering in LVS models are not relevant in this case.
Evaluation of the Trans-Texas Corridor Proposal: Application and Enhancements of the Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input–Output Model

The Trans-Texas Corridor (TTC) projects a vision of 6,400 centerline km of new roadways and railways, intended to provide a faster, safer and more reliable means of transport for people and freight, while fostering economic growth of Texas’s rural regions. This work enhances and then applies a random-utility-based multiregional input–output model to assess project impacts on trade, production, and worker locations. Driven by foreign exports and domestic demands, the enhanced model endogenously generates monetary trade flows for 18 economic sectors across Texas’ 254 counties, equilibrating explicit labor and land markets, along with capacity-constrained networks. The model predicts a slight redistribution of economic activities, increasing the supremacy of counties located closer to export zones, and an 8% reduction in the traffic volumes on existing highways. It also suggests a greater diversification of economic activity/production and moderate changes in the distribution of wages, floorspace rents and p...
Incompressible micromorphic fluid model for turbulence

Abstract A theory of incompressible micromorphic fluids is introduced as a rational model for turbulence studies. Balance laws and constitutive equations are given. The theory is then applied to obtain the solution of the turbulent channel flow problem. Turbulent velocity, gyrations, Reynolds stresses, root-mean squares of longitudinal and transverse turbulent velocities, and turbulent shear stress are given.
Rheological Properties and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of a Shear Thickening, Nanoparticle Dispersion at High Shear Rates

The rheological properties and flow microstructure of a stable dispersion of spherical nanoparticles (d = 32 nm) are investigated and compared to the behavior of colloidal dispersions. The shear rheology and flow−small-angle neutron scattering of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol are reported as a function of shear stress and particle volume fraction. A custom-built high-shear cone is employed to reach shear rates in excess of 104 s-1 in order to study shear thickening. The results are compared to previous model system studies on colloidal dispersions and to micromechanical models that relate the physical parameters of the system to the rheological response. Reversible shear thickening is observed at very high shear rates, and the measured transition stresses for shear thickening compare well to theoretical predictions for colloidal dispersions. Flow−small-angle neutron scattering measurements both in the radial and tangential orientations show a shear-induced structure n...
Self-focusing threshold in normally dispersive media

The threshold at which self-focusing initially dominates the dynamics of short-pulse propagation in normally dispersive bulk media, causing an explosive increase in peak intensity, is estimated analytically and verified numerically. Intensity-dependent propagation effects such as spectral broadening also occur explosively at this threshold.
Solid and papillary tumor of the pancreas: Ultrastructural observations on two contrasting cases

Two papillary and solid tumors of the pancreas are reported which differed in their clinical features, ultrastructure, and biologic behavior. Both tumors contained papillary and solid areas by light microscopy. One tumor followed the more usual indolent course. The second patient presented with a liver metastasis and died of progressive disease in a relatively short period of time. Neither neoplasm showed convincing immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of endocrine differentiation, but the electron microscopic findings hinted that this tumor possesses at least latent endocrine properties.
A c-fos/Estrogen receptor fusion protein promotes cell cycle progression and proliferation of human cancer cell lines.

Abstract c-fos is the prototypic member of a family of transcription factors that regulate many cellular processes, including proliferation. c-fos heterodimerizes with jun family members to form the AP-1 transcription factor complex which binds specific DNA recognition elements in the promoters of many genes. Following rapid induction in response to serum or growth factors, c-fos regulates expression of downstream target genes involved in cellular proliferation. Although much work has focused on activation of cell cycle regulatory genes by c-fos, less is known about negative regulation of gene expression by this transcription factor. The cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21Cip1/WAF1 is a negative regulator of cdk activity, thereby impeding cell cycle progression. By sequence analysis, we identified a putative AP-1 element in the p21Cip1/WAF1 promoter. To investigate how this site regulated p21Cip1/WAF1 expression and mitigate external effects on c-fos expression, we used a c-fos/estrogen receptor (c-fosER) fusion construct in which this transcription factor is conditionally activated by estradiol. In the presence of estradiol, c-fosER downregulated p21Cip1/WAF1 promoter activity. This inhibition was dependent on the putative AP-1 site. Activation of c-fosER induced cell cycle progression and proliferation in a manner similar to serum stimulation. We concluded that activation of c-fosER mediated transcriptional inhibition of p21Cip1/WAF1 through a previously uncharacterized AP-1 site, revealing an important role for c-fos in negative control of cell cycle regulatory genes.
Characterization of estriolglucosiduronic acid formed in vitro by human liver.

Abstract We offer proof that the estriol glucosiduronate produced in vitro by a homogenate of human liver is identical to the principal estriol conjugate produced in vivo by humans, that is, the 16α-monoglucosiduronate.
Modeling cougar habitat in the Northeastern United States

Abstract While the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has declared the Eastern cougar (Puma concolor couguar) extinct, proposing to remove the subspecies from the Endangered Species List, in the Northeastern United States there are over 2300 eyewitness reports and nearly a dozen confirmed accounts of cougars. This discrepancy between what has been documented by management agencies and what has been perceived by regional residents raises questions about the current and future presence of cougars in the region, yet little work has been done to examine the Northeast's capacity to support this species. I used spatially-explicit Habitat Suitability Indices to model cougar habitat in the six New England states and that portion of New York East of the Hudson River. I present one original model and five models in which I replicated methods originally established by other authors outside of the study region. For each model I identified contiguous habitat parcels capable of supporting viable breeding populations of cougars according to two estimates of population range size. I evaluated model results by comparing the percent forested land cover within viable habitat patches to that associated with historic cougar kills. I also assessed model agreement by generating two ensemble models – one comprised of each individual model output, and one comprised of viable contiguous habitat that was coincident across all models. I found that all individual models and one ensemble model identified viable habitat according to both population range estimates, while the second ensemble model identified viable habitat according to the liberal range estimate only. Individual models identified between 20,457 and 160,971 km2 of top ranking habitat, enough area to theoretically support between 322 and 2535 cougars. Collectively these models provide a set of heuristic tools that shed light on a species that could influence future trophic interactions in the region. In light of my findings and the active expansion of cougar territory into the Midwest, I recommend that regional management begin to educate local residents about the nature of human–cougar interactions, and to consider preliminary management strategies for dispersing Midwestern cougars as resources allow. I recommend also that future modeling efforts integrate human input from regional biologists, and that these models be used to help evaluate cougar sighting reliability.
West Pharmaceutical's explosion: structuring crisis discourse knowledge

Abstract A crisis can place an organization and its stakeholders at risk for significant losses. Crisis management has emerged as a means to reduce those losses. Crisis response strategies, what the organization says and does after a crisis, are critical resources in crisis management. It is not surprising that crisis response has emerged as a vibrant research area. The focus of crisis response research is on protecting and repairing the organizational reputational—how stakeholders perceive the organization [Benoit, W. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: A theory of image restoration. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; Hearit, K. M. (2001). Corporate apologia: When an organization speaks in defense of itself. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of public relations (pp. 501–511). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage). This article synthesizes information from various writings on crisis response to create the Crisis Communication Standards, a set of guidelines for crisis managers looking to protect their reputational assets. The first section briefly outlines the Crisis Communication standards and the second section illustrates its application using the West Pharmaceuticals explosion.