cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Muscle Characteristics on Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography Predict Future Low Back Pain, Physical Function, or Performance? A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective To determine whether lumbar muscle characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) can inform clinicians as to the course of future low back pain (LBP), functional limitations, or physical performance, in adults with or without LBP. Type Systematic review. Literature Review We searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL through October 2014 for articles published in English in which authors assessed lumbar muscle characteristics on conventional MRI/CT as predictors of future LBP, functional limitations, or physical performance in adults. Studies with only postsurgical subjects were excluded. Our search identified 3554 articles, of which 6 observational cohort studies were included in the final review. Methodology We used the Newcastle Ottawa Scale to evaluate potential bias. Data were extracted on study design, study population, sample size, participant characteristics, details of MRI/CT assessments, interventions, study outcomes, analysis methods, and study results. Because of heterogeneity between studies, we conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis. Synthesis Among high-quality studies, there was limited evidence that, for individuals with or without LBP, greater MRI-detected multifidus cross-sectional area at L5-S1 predicted greater LBP intensity at 1-year follow-up, lesser erector spinae fat infiltration (FI) at L5-S1 predicted greater LBP intensity at 15-year follow-up, and greater erector spinae side-to-side FI asymmetry at L3-L4 predicted lower LBP frequency at 15-year follow-up; however, there was also limited evidence that all other MRI-detected paraspinal muscle characteristics examined were not predictive of LBP incidence, prevalence, frequency, or intensity at follow-up durations ranging from 1 to 15 years. There was limited evidence that greater CT-detected trunk muscle FI predicted worse physical performance in older adults at 3-year follow-up, but that trunk muscle cross-sectional area did not. Conclusion Few lumbar muscle characteristics have limited evidence for an association with future LBP and physical performance outcomes, and the vast majority have limited evidence for having no association with such outcomes.
The Eternal Embrace: Ghostly Maidens in Sidney McCall's Fiction

At the turn of the century, “Japan” was being imagined for the American public in a variety of ways. Sidney McCall, wife of Hegelian Ernest Fenollosa and close friend of Romanticist Lafcadio Hearn, sought a way to incorporate “Japan” into Fenollosa's broader Idealist arch while simultaneously preserving the titillation of Hearn's “ghostly tales.” By so doing, McCall attempted to reconcile divided notions of “femininity” in early Japanology (and American discourse at large). She utilized the form of the novel itself to work systematically through the schism between “feminine mystique” and “maternal feminism”; this uncertainty was resolved, for McCall, in her Idealist fictions from “Japan.”
Chronic nicotine treatment attenuates α7 nicotinic receptor deficits following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes a persistent and debilitating impairment of cognitive function. Although the neurochemical basis for TBI-induced cognitive dysfunction is not well characterized, some studies suggest prominent involvement of the CNS cholinergic system. Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that alpha 7* nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChrs) are especially vulnerable to the pathophysiological effects of TBI. Hippocampal and cortical alpha-[(125)I]-bungarotoxin (BTX) expression of alpha 7* nAChrs is significantly decreased in many brain regions following TBI and this reduction persists for at least 3 weeks following injury. In the present study we evaluated whether chronic nicotine infusion could attenuate TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were sham-operated, or subjected to mild or moderate unilateral cortical contusion injury. Immediately following brain injury, osmotic mini-pumps that delivered chronic saline or nicotine (0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg/h) were implanted. The animals were euthanatized and the brains prepared for nAChr quantitative autoradiography, 7 days following surgery. Brain injury caused significant decreases in BTX binding in several regions of the hippocampus. TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr density were reversed in four of the six hippocampal brain regions evaluated following chronic nicotine administration. If TBI-induced deficits in alpha 7* nAChr expression play a role in post-injury cognitive impairment, pharmacological treatments which restore nAChr binding to control levels may be therapeutically useful.
TWO SPECIES OF BOTRYLLOPHILUS (COPEPODA: CYCLOPOIDA) LIVING IN COMPOUND ASCIDIANS, AND A REVISION OF FEMALE MORPHOTYPE A OF THE GENUS

Abstract This paper is concerned primarily with the taxonomy of two species of the copepod genus Botryllophilus (Ascidicolidae: Botryllophilinae) collected from compound ascidian hosts in Golfo di Napoli (= the Gulf of Naples). Both copepods belong to subgroup 2 of female morphotype A of the genus. The female of B. banyulensis Brement, 1909, living in the type host Parascidia areolata (Delle Chiaie), is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. In the case of B. neapolitanus n. sp., living in Aplidium sp., the female is described. In subgroup 2, consisting of four species including the new species, the leg armature formulas are of pattern II, in which additional armature elements (setae, spines, etc.) are found on most legs; this differs from the armature formula of pattern I. Six species of subgroup 1 of morphotype A have pattern I. In this paper, it is shown that the four species of subgroup 2 exhibit four different formulas of pattern II; B. banyulensis has pattern II–1, and B. neapoli...
SimpleWeb Services and Remote Method Calls with XML-RPC

In this chapter, we look at one of the early approaches used for Web services: XML-RPC. This is a form of remote procedure call, i.e., invoking functions that reside in a different process or machine. This is basically calling a “foreign” function. Like REST, this uses HTTP to communicate the requests and responses. However, XML-RPC uses XML to represent the different inputs/arguments to the request, and the value of the result. XML-RPC is quite simple and flexible, but not very widely used anymore, with SOAP and REST more common. However, it is still useful at times and somewhat interesting as an introduction to SOAP.
Self-assembly of a 1-eicosanethiolate layer on InSb(100)

Abstract 1-Eicosanethiolate molecules form relatively weak bonds with the surface of InSb(100) limiting the order of the self-assembled monolayer despite the long length of the alkyl chain. Heating to only 225 °C in vacuum completely desorbed the eicosanethiolate layer from the surface based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Even after deposition times as long as 20 h in ethanol, the asymmetric methylene stretch was at 2925 cm −1 in the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrum, which is indicative of alkane chains that are incompletely ordered. Atomic force microscopy images combined with ellipsometry showed that the eicosanethiolate layer conformed to the rough InSb(100) starting surface (2.3 ± 0.2 nm RMS). The reoxidation kinetics in air of InSb(100) and InSb(111)B covered with eicosanethiolate layers was the same despite the lower surface roughness of the latter (0.64 ± 0.14 nm). The bond that the S head group makes with the substrate is the primary factor that determines the cohesiveness of the molecules on the surface. Although interactions between the alkane chains in the layer are sufficient to form a self-assembled layer, the fluidity of the molecules in the layer compromised the chemical passivation of the surface resulting in reoxidation in air after 20 min.
Targeted Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass With Intra-Aneurysmal Administration of Indocyanine Green: Case Report

Background and importance Early origin of the middle cerebral artery M2 segment is a normal variant. When such a vessel is occluded proximally, the parenchyma distal to the vessel may become ischemic. Targeted extracranial to intracranial bypass to such a specific branch may preserve perfusion to the end organ. We describe the use of intra-aneurysmal injection of indocyanine green to identify a target middle cerebral artery branch (MCA) for bypass, immediately followed by proximal parent vessel sacrifice via endovascular embolization. Clinical presentation A 45-year-old woman presented to an outside hospital with headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant aneurysm of the right MCA. The aneurysm gave rise to an M2 branch that supplied the right anterior frontal operculum, as well as the anterolateral portion of the superior temporal gyri. Balloon test occlusion was nondiagnostic because of the territory involved, and the risk of sizable infarction after vessel sacrifice was thought to be high. Craniotomy and targeted extracranial to intracranial bypass to an M4 opercular branch was performed with intra-aneurysmal injection of indocyanine green. In our combined endovascular/open cerebrovascular suite, an opercular MCA branch that fluoresced during the first-pass arterial circulation of indocyanine green was identified, and a superficial temporal artery to MCA bypass was performed. Angiographic verification of bypass patency was confirmed, followed by embolic occlusion of the giant aneurysm with preservation of flow to the parenchyma at risk through the bypass. Conclusion Targeted bypass to distal branches is feasible with intra-arterial and intra-aneurysmal injection of indocyanine green, allowing confident preservation of blood supply to areas distal to the sacrificed vessel.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Raman Scattering from the Organic Solar Cell Material P3HT/PCBM by Triangular Silver Nanoprisms

Resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for the organic solar cell blend poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) at excitation wavelengths ranging from 364 to 633 nm, in both the presence and absence of triangular Ag nanoprisms with varying plasmon resonance frequencies. For ∼35 nm polymer films deposited over nanoprisms, the nanoprisms enhance the sample-averaged Raman scattering intensities by factors of 2–20 depending on wavelength and nanoprism density. The weak blend fluorescence is enhanced by approximately the same factor as the Raman scattering, implying negligible excited-state quenching by the metal. The Raman peak positions and relative intensities are unaffected by the nanoprisms, indicating negligible morphological or chemical changes to the P3HT. The observed Raman enhancements are qualitatively consistent with previously observed enhancements in charge-carrier (positive polaron) yields for P3HT/PCBM deposited over silver nanoprisms.
Performance Enhancement of a Monogroove Heat Pipe With Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pump is a new concept which has been recently explored. Net pumping is achieved by properly utilizing the heterocharge layers present in the vicinity of the electrodes. This paper presents an innovative electrode design which provides pressure head on the order of 600 Pa per an electrode pair operated at 20 kV with less than 0.08 W of electric power. An EHD conduction pump consisting of six pairs was designed and installed in the liquid passage of a monogroove heat pipe. The EHD conduction pump drastically increased the heat transport capacity of the heat pipe. Furthermore, the EHD conduction pump provided immediate recovery from the dryout condition.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Ondertussen in Japan: regeltjes… om een hoek om te slaan

Toen ikin 2001 Nederland verliet, was de GGZ-instelling waar ik werkte, net overgegaan op een centraal patientendossier en moesten we registreren hoeveel tijd we besteedden aan verrichtingen zoals een psychologisch testonderzoek, rapportage, nagesprekken, interventies etc.. Het was het voortraject voor wat later zou uitmonden in DBC’s.
A method to compensate non-damage-related influences on Damage Indices used for pitch-catch scheme of piezoelectric transducer based Structural Health Monitoring

The risk of false calls of structural health monitoring systems is as much important for their application as their damage detection capabilities. Structural health monitoring based on guided waves propagation is particularly vulnerable to false calls. Signals acquired for piezoelectric transducer networks can be changed by many factors other than damage, for example, environmental factors or those related to the transducers’ aging or degradation of the transducers’ bonding with the monitored structure. A lot of studies were devoted to examine non-damage-related influences on structural health monitoring systems based on Lamb waves and to compensate the undesired effects. Most of compensation methods act on the level of the signal, that is, for a given factor influencing performance of piezoelectric transducers, signals are transformed to match the corresponding baselines. After such compensation procedure, the Damage Indices are calculated for the purpose of damage detection. In order to compensate the i...
PROTECT: an application of computational game theory for the security of the ports of the United States

Building upon previous security applications of computational game theory, this paper presents PROTECT, a game-theoretic system deployed by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) in the port of Boston for scheduling their patrols. USCG has termed the deployment of PROTECT in Boston a success, and efforts are underway to test it in the port of New York, with the potential for nationwide deployment. PROTECT is premised on an attacker-defender Stackelberg game model and offers five key innovations. First, this system is a departure from the assumption of perfect adversary rationality noted in previous work, relying instead on a quantal response (QR) model of the adversary's behavior -- to the best of our knowledge, this is the first real-world deployment of the QR model. Second, to improve PROTECT's efficiency, we generate a compact representation of the defender's strategy space, exploiting equivalence and dominance. Third, we show how to practically model a real maritime patrolling problem as a Stackelberg game. Fourth, our experimental results illustrate that PROTECT's QR model more robustly handles real-world uncertainties than a perfect rationality model. Finally, in evaluating PROTECT, this paper provides real-world data: (i) comparison of human-generated vs PROTECT security schedules, and (ii) results from an Adversarial Perspective Team's (human mock attackers) analysis.
Quaker, Rustic, and Fool: Masquerading with Mrs. B.

In Pamela, Part One, Mr. B., as a member of the gentry, possesses virtue based on lineage and heredity, yet his overall stock of virtue is diminished by his own lack of physical chastity, moral goodness, and Christian belief. Pamela, in contrast, evinces the respective (and conflicting) attributes of virtue as associated with the gentlewoman and the country miss, though she clearly lacks the necessary birth, ancestry, and related trappings of wealth. However, once married to Mr. B., Pamela gains in overall terms of virtue, as she can now legitimately lay claim to virtue, based on heritage and lineage, not because she herself possesses an aristocratic or genteel body, but because she is allied to one, and her own body, through the production of heirs, becomes an instrument of service in the reproduction of aristocratic virtue. Mr. B., too, accrues virtue upon marriage, in terms of moral goodness and physical chastity, regaining the full measure of virtue associated with a “good man,” in particular, with a virtuous gentleman. Thus, marriage for Mr. B. and Pamela allows for an increase in the quality and quantity of virtue identified with each spouse.
Chapter 5 – Manipulation of the Oral and Gastric Environments

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the manipulation of oral and gastric environments. The upper gastrointestinal tract is a major source of reinforcing stimuli and the normal route of nutrient input for vertebrates. It, therefore, has received thorough study by both psychologists and physiologists interested in the control of food and water intake, in physiological regulations, in the mechanisms of digestion, and in the effects of drive and reward on behavior. Six basic techniques have been used for the manipulation of oral and gastric cavities: stomach loading by gavage; the gastric fistula; the esophageal fistula; the intragastric tube; the gastric balloon; and the intra-oral catheter. The chapter describes the origin of all these techniques along with a discussion of their major applications and results. Gavage is the simplest technique for manipulating the gastric cavity, other than by the obvious method of controlling ingestion, and for injecting substances directly into the stomach by passing a tube down the esophagus without surgery. The use of gavage as an experimental tool in behavioral studies has come more recently. As it requires no surgery and is easy and fast, it is the technique of choice in short-term experiments. Although acute injections by gavage are easy and require no surgery, they lack the advantages of chronically implanted tubes for moving animals that require surgery. A chronically implanted tube allows the experimenter to inject substances remotely, without handling the animal, and automatically so that the experimenter need not be present when the injections are made.
Ambivalence about Social Welfare: An Evaluation of Measurement Approaches

Research across disciplines, including political science, has embraced the idea that individuals often possess ambivalent attitudes, but there is considerable disagreement about how to measure this phenomenon. Determining an effective way of capturing such phenomena is important to our under-standing of politics and public opinion. The literature offers several meta-attitudinal and operative measures of ambivalence. I discuss strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches and con-duct a test of the relative construct validity of two meta-attitudinal and two operative measures of social welfare ambivalence using data from a statewide survey of Florida residents in 2004. The findings suggest that one of the operative measures that forces respondents to rate their positive and negative feelings separately performs better than any of the other approaches currently offered.
Analysis of Canine Peritoneal Fluid Analysis.

Canine peritoneal fluid analysis results were retrospectively reviewed to assess the appropriateness of different classification schemes. Cutoffs of 3000 cells/μL and 2.5 g/dL protein are recommended. Analyzing the total nucleated cell count and total protein concentration is only the first step in peritoneal fluid analysis; microscopic examination, clinical presentation, and other laboratory data are all important in determining the final classification of peritoneal fluid analysis, keeping in mind that the most important aspect of fluid analysis is not what something is called, but whether it helps achieve a diagnosis. Discussion of effusion mechanisms, study observations, and recommended diagnostic steps after fluid analysis are included.
Atrioventricular dyssynchrony from empiric device settings is common in cardiac resynchronization therapy and adversely impacts left ventricular morphology and function.

Background Echocardiographic atrioventricular (AV) optimization after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is uncommon due to time constraints and the use of vendor-specific device algorithms. It remains unclear whether optimization of mitral inflow velocities can still be useful. We aimed to investigate post implantation left ventricular (LV) inflow patterns to determine the incidence of AV dyssynchrony from empirically set devices. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing CRT using empiric device settings. Forty-eight patients with clinical, echocardiographic, and pacemaker follow-up were grouped by their post implantation LV filling pattern. Baseline characteristics and echocardiographic measurements were compared with post implantation findings at median 6.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 3.9–17.0). Results Twenty-four patients demonstrated AV dyssynchrony (Group 1) after CRT, and 24 patients did not (Group 2). Group 1 patients had less LV reverse remodeling compared to Group 2 patients (ΔLV end-diastolic volume: −3.6 mL vs −49.5 mL, P<.05; ΔLV end-systolic volume: −16.9 mL vs −53.5 mL, P<.05) and did not experience significant improvements in LV outflow tract velocity time integral, stroke volume, or LV ejection fraction. There were no differences in new-onset atrial fibrillation, heart failure readmissions, or mortality between groups. Conclusion Our study suggests that up to 50% of patients with empiric device settings have AV dyssynchrony at 6 months despite atrioventricular delay optimization (AVO) algorithms. As AV dyssynchrony is common and has proven to be modifiable, a strategic approach to Doppler echocardiography-guided AVO after CRT is warranted, particularly in nonresponders where the LV filling pattern is fused or truncated.
Populism in Search of its Model

This article makes the case that populism needs to be understood in the context of a model. The key argument formulated in this article is that the phenomenon of populism does not lend itself to taut theoretical formulations. Consequently, the explanatory and the inferential reaches of populism are largely descriptive. However, “mere description” within the context of a model is more than enough to produce rich understandings of populism and, under the right modeling conditions, even predictions of populist discourse eruptions and movements.
Transparency Under Trump: Policy and Prospects

Donald Trump came into office succeeding a President who had a strong rhetorical commitment to transparency, having promised to have “the most transparent administration in history.” Indeed, as Pre...
Collaborative exploration of urban data in virtual and augmented reality

From emergency planning to real estate, many domains can benefit from collaborative exploration of urban environments in VR and AR. We have created an interactive experience that allows multiple users to explore live datasets in context of an immersive scale model of the urban environment with which they are related.
Methodology for Ribosome Profiling of Key Stages of the Caulobacter crescentus Cell Cycle.

Abstract Bacterial cell division is the result of a productive round of the cell cycle to yield two daughter cells. The cell cycle is highly coordinated in Caulobacter crescentus where it is driven by a cell cycle gene-regulatory network that coordinates gene expression with the major cell cycle events such as chromosome replication and cell division. Recent ribosomes profiling data showed that 484 genes undergo changes in translation efficiency during the cell cycle, suggesting a broad role for translational control in cell cycle regulation. In this chapter, we focus on how to perform ribosome profiling to measure the translation efficiency across cellular mRNAs at key stages in the Caulobacter cell cycle. This methodology relies on the high-yield ludox gradient synchronization of Caulobacter cells followed by ribosome profiling to measure ribosome density and total RNA-seq to measure mRNA levels.
Abstract 12756: Mc4r Genotype and 2-Year Change in Appetite in Response to Weight-loss Diets: The Pounds Lost Trial

Hypothesis: Obesity associated melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure, as well as body weight. We examined whether GWAS-identified, obesity related MC4R genotype modified the long-term changes in appetite, food craving and hunger in response to weight loss diet interventions in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: We genotyped MC4R rs7227255 in 737 overweight adults in the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (Pounds Lost) trial and assessed four appetite related traits including cravings, fullness, hunger, and prospective consumption. Results: We found that dietary protein significantly modified genetic effects on changes in appetite, food cravings, and hunger at 24 m after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline body mass index, weight change, baseline value for perspective phenotype (P for interaction=0.02, 0.008, and 0.03). The A allele was associated with a greater increase in appetite (β=0.10, P=0.05) and food cravings (β =0.13, P=0.008) among the participants with high protein diet intake. MC4R rs7227255 did not modify effects of fat and carbohydrate intakes on the appetite measures. Conclusions: Our data suggest that individuals with the MC4R rs7227255 A allele might obtain more increases in appetite and food cravings by choosing a higher protein weight-loss diet.
Variability of spatiotemporal gait parameters in children with and without Down syndrome during treadmill walking

Abstract Background Increasing walking speed and including bilateral external ankle load have been shown to improve aspects of the gait pattern of children with Down syndrome (DS). However, it is unknown if speed and ankle load improves the cycle-to-cycle variability in a similar way. Research question How do changes of walking speed and external ankle load impact spatiotemporal variability during treadmill walking in children with and without DS? Methods Thirteen children with DS (aged 7–10 years) and thirteen age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children participated in this study. Subjects completed two bouts of 60-second treadmill walking at two different speeds (slow and fast) and two load conditions (no load and ankle load equaling to 2% bodyweight at each side). Kinematic data was captured using a Vicon motion capture system. Mean and coefficient of variance of spatiotemporal gait variables were calculated and compared between children with and without DS. Results and significance Across all conditions, the DS group took shorter and wider steps than the TD group, but walked with a similar swing percentage, double support percentage, and foot rotation angle. Further, the DS group demonstrated greater variability of all spatiotemporal parameters, except for step width and foot rotation angle. Our results indicated that children with DS can modulate their spatiotemporal gait pattern accordingly like their TD peers when walking faster on a treadmill and/or with an external ankle load. Smaller step width variability in the DS group suggests that mediolateral stability may be prioritized during treadmill walking to safely navigate the treadmill and complete walking tasks. Similar temporal parameters but distinct spatial parameters in the DS group suggest that they may have developed similar rhythmic control but are confined by their spatial movement limitations.
CEO selection as risk‐taking: A new vantage on the debate about the consequences of insiders versus outsiders

Research Summary Our paper sheds new light on the performance implications associated with insider versus outsider CEOs. We frame CEO selection as risk‐taking, in which outsiders are relatively risky hires, with a greater tendency to generate extreme performance outcomes—either positive or negative—as compared to insiders. We base this expectation on two complementary theoretical perspectives: human capital and information asymmetry. We conduct multiple tests on large samples of CEO successions, with controls for endogeneity, and find that outsiders are indeed associated with more extreme performance outcomes than are insiders. Managerial Summary We shed new light on the performance implications associated with outsider CEOs. Instead of asking the customary question, “Do outsider CEOs, on average, perform better or worse than insider CEOs?,” we frame CEO selection as risk‐taking. Under this view, outsiders are relatively risky hires, with a greater likelihood of generating extreme performance outcomes—either positive or negative—as compared to insiders. We conduct multiple tests on large samples of CEO successions and find that outsiders are indeed associated with more extreme performance outcomes than are insiders.
Real-World Mathematics

For the past three years I have partici pated in Title II projects that have fo cused on the needs of business and industry and the preparation of our high school grad uates to meet these needs. In the course of these projects, in-service mathematics teachers from fourth through twelfth grade were placed in business and industry to study how mathematics is used to solve ev eryday problems. The settings ranged from the local hospital and real estate and insur ance firms to such national corporations as Holiday Inn and E. F. Hutton. Government agencies, such as the local sheriff's office and the U.S. Space Institute, also participated. The idea of better preparing our graduates to meet the needs of business and industry finds ready support in the business world, and local newspapers were quick to publicize the cooperative efforts of those participating in the project. Teachers participating in these projects have thoroughly enjoyed the opportunity to take an inside look at the world for which they are preparing their students. Many of these teachers and, more important, the per sonnel officers from business and industry who hire our graduates observed that our high school graduates are ill-prepared for business situations. Some noted that em ployment situations typically require math ematics skills not taught in our current cur ricula, but more observers commented on the insufficient emphasis in mathematics classes on mathematical principles and con cepts used in business and industry. This conclusion was supported by Brown, Car penter, Kouba, Lindquist, Silver, and Swaf ford (1988b), who reviewed data gathered
Sex differences in α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)-induced taste avoidance, place preference, hyperthermia and locomotor activity in rats.

Abstract Rationale The majority of synthetic cathinone research has used only male subjects, and as a result there are few studies assessing the impact of biological sex on their effects. Objectives The current work extends the characterization of the second-generation synthetic cathinone, α-PVP, by investigating how biological sex impacts α-PVP's aversive and rewarding effects important to its use and potential abuse. Methods A combined conditioned taste avoidance/conditioned place preference preparation was utilized in which adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 1.5, 3 or 6 mg/kg of racemic α-PVP or vehicle (saline) (IP). Following a 24-day washout period, rats were then tested for thermoregulatory effects of α-PVP using subcutaneous microchips to measure body temperature changes over the course of 8 h. This was followed 21 days later by assessments for α-PVP-induced locomotor activity and stereotypies over a 1-h session. Results Dose-dependent conditioned taste avoidance was evident in both males and females, although females displayed weaker avoidance at 3 mg/kg compared to males. Males displayed a dose-dependent conditioned place preference, while females did not form a place preference at any dose. α-PVP elicited dose- and time-dependent hyperthermia, with males displaying a faster on-set and delayed off-set compared to females. α-PVP also produced dose- and time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (F > M) and stereotypies (M > F). Conclusions As described, males displayed greater rewarding (as indexed by place preference conditioning) and aversive (as indexed by taste avoidance, hyperthermia and stereotypies) effects of α-PVP. Although comparisons between males and females in α-PVP self-administration have not been reported, these data suggest that males may be more likely to use the drug. The implications for sex differences in human use of α-PVP were discussed.
P850 Gender identify and self-reported HPV vaccination among youth living with or at high-risk for HIV

Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is common and is linked to cancer in both males and females. Efforts are underway to increase uptake of the vaccine (Gardasil) that is now recommended for youth and adults up to age 45. However, little is known about the role of gender identify on vaccination, particularly among youth at increased risk for contracting and spreading the virus. Methods We analyzed data (N=1070) from a longitudinal study of high-risk HIV negative youth and youth living with HIV aged 12–24. Data were collected in Los Angeles, CA and New Orleans, LA from clinic and community settings. We examined self-reports of HPV vaccination as well as predictors of vaccination. Results Cis-gender females (CGFs) had the highest proportion of youth reporting vaccination (52.7%) followed by transgender youth (45.9%), gender non-conforming youth (44.2%), and MSM (39.0%). Cis-gendered, heterosexual males (CGHMs) reported the lowest proportion (32.9%). However, 18.8% of youth did not know if they had received the vaccine. In our multivariate logistic model examining predictors of vaccination, gender identity was only significant for CGHMs. Other significant variables included age, some education higher than a high school diploma or completing higher education compared to less than high school, ever being tested for Hepatitis C, currently having a healthcare provider, always using condoms, and Latino or other race/ethnicity compared to African-American. Conclusion Results suggest that despite national efforts to increase the uptake of the vaccine, many youth at high-risk for HPV have not received it or did not know if they had. CGFs appear to have the highest uptake, but CGMs are a group for whom increased efforts targeting vaccination are needed. Demographic and health care factors may also impact vaccination rates. Research is needed on barriers to vaccination and new interventions that go beyond education and promotion such as policy initiatives. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Caregiver and Clinician Perspectives on Missed Well-Child Visits

PURPOSE Despite the benefits of well-child care visits, up to one-half of these visits are missed. Little is known about why children miss them, so we undertook a qualitative study to elucidate these factors. METHODS We interviewed 17 caregivers whose children had missed well-child visits and 6 clinicians, focusing on 3 areas: the value of well-child visits, barriers to attendance, and facilitators of attendance. Transcripts were analyzed with a grounded theory approach and thematic analysis. RESULTS Caregivers and clinicians identified similar important aspects of well-child visits: immunizations, detection of disease, and monitoring of growth and development. Both groups identified similar barriers to attendance: transportation, difficulty taking time off from work, child care, and other social stressors. CONCLUSIONS Further work to explore how addressing social determinants of health might improve attendance of well-child visits is needed.
Free emotional expression as a strategy for trauma resistance in Kalatozov’s The Cranes Are Flying (1957) and Zarkhi’s Anna Karenina (1967)

Drawing on Thomas Elsaesser and Malte Hagener’s idea that film is capable of interacting with the spectator on the bodily, unconscious level, I explore how two Soviet films with Tat’iana Samoilova ...
Beyond Knox: James C. McReynolds' Other Law Clerks, 1914-1941

The Forgotten Memoir of John Knox, edited by Dennis J. Hutchinson and David J. Garrow in 2002, revealed how badly Justice James C. McReynolds treated his clerk in the 1936 Term. Was Knox's negative clerkship experience typical? An examination of the numerous letters written home by Milton S. Musser, McReynolds' clerk from May 1938 to October 1940, provides a valuable comparison.Musser's letters are also a window into the hiring process, duties and salary concerns of Supreme Court clerks in his era.
Human Health and Well-Being in Times of Global Environmental Crisis

Human health and well-being are threatened by the global environmental crisis. Not only is vulnerability threatened at the juncture of climate change, ecological loss, and environmental injustice but also through explicitly human-induced environmental destruction and natural disasters. The impacts are intensified when environmental injustices disproportionately impact poor and vulnerable communities, particularly communities of color. This chapter explores the global environmental changes that impact human health including heatwaves, food systems, air and water quality, ecological loss, and the spread of infectious diseases. We examine the more personal and interpersonal impacts on the emotional/mental health and well-being of individuals and communities along with ways we can adapt and mitigate the concerns. Further, we highlight the injustice of environmental changes by discussing particular impacts on vulnerable and marginalized populations.
Presenting Amazon's Mechanical Turk as more than just a data sample – A study of MTurker experiences

Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is an online crowdsourcing platform that is part of the digital gig economy, where MTurkers perform fast and repetitive gigs or microwork like taking surveys and performing data transcriptions, and are compensated for each completed task. The purpose of this research is to understand the work- and life-related implications for MTurkers. Drawing from the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), we examined the role that income and volition play in determining satisfaction and stress among MTurkers. Results revealed that high volition MTurkers had higher job satisfaction, higher life satisfaction, and lower stress than low volition MTurkers. These findings help extend PWT to this contemporary and evolving form of working in the digital gig economy. Management scholars view gig work as an emerging trend and an addition to the list of notable research and practice gaps in organisational behaviour.
A high-voltage modulator for high-power RF source research

The authors present the design, construction, and operating results of a high-voltage modulator system capable of generating 700 kV, 2.5 mu s pulses at 5 pps into a load of 900 Omega . The modulator is used to energize a variety of high-power microwave devices requiring voltage stability and reproducibility. Voltage ripple is less than 0.2% during the 1.0 mu s flat top, with a shot-to-shot voltage variation of less than 0.1%. The primary circuit consists of two seven-stage tunable Rayleigh-type pulse forming networks (PFNs) connected in parallel with a total impedance of 2.25 Omega , a total capacitance of 0.56 mu F, and a total inductance of 2.8 mu H. The PFN is charged by a highly stable 80 kV capacitor charging power supply at a rate of 10 kJ/s. The total energy stored (1.5 kJ) is released through an ITT F-187 thyratron into a 20:1 pulse transformer, which generates 700 kV, 2.5 mu s pulses. By changing the transformer, 250 kV, 1.7 kA pulses for driving low impedance relativistic magnetron diodes were also obtained. The flat-top voltage generated by the modulator is highly desirable for driving RF sources requiring high-quality electron beams, such as free-electron lasers and cyclotron auto-resonance masers. >
PRODUCTION AND BIOENERGETIC ROLE OF THE MIDGE GLYPTOTENDIPES BARBIPES (STAEGER) IN A WASTE STABILIZATION LAGOON1

The biocnergctic role of a population of Glyptotendipes bnrhipes in the process of waste stabilization in two sewage lagoons was studied. Weekly production rates of the multivoltine midge were computed. Annual production of G. barbip.es was 808 kcal/m” in a narrow band ncarshore of the secondary lagoon containing 90% of the biomass. Biomass data from both lagoons in 1966 and 1967 were used to estimate production using a turnover ratio (TR) of 8.49 (ratio of production: mean biomass) from definitive data collected in 1967. Production in the secondary lagoon was 459 kcal/m2 in 1966 and 37 in 1967; in the primary lagoon it was 165 and 18 respectively. The factors causing these differences in production were probably the dissolved oxygen concentrations during the growing season, percent of the total lagoon bottom inhabitable by midge larvae, and the condition of the sludge substrate. The total energy removed by emergence and respiration of G. barbipes was compared with the energy in other pathways in the lagoon: import of sewage, primary production, community respiration, storage, and export. In 1966, G. burbipes removed about 6.6% of the net primary production in the secondary lagoon and 0.5% in 1967.
Surface plasmon enhanced organic light emitting devices

By adding gold nanoparticles to the emissive layer of an electrophosphorescent light emitting diode, significant increase of the device efficiency has been achieved due to acceleration of emission rates caused by the interaction with surface plasmons.
Abstract 851: Characteristics of adult men who are willing to give HPV vaccine to their daughters in the United States: a national survey

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Background: The uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination needs improvement. However, efforts to improve uptake of HPV vaccine is often concentrated on women. Although men can influence the uptake of the vaccine by their children, the opinion of adult men in the United States on HPV vaccination has not been well studied. Aim: To evaluate the willingness of adult men to vaccinate their daughters for HPV Methods: Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007 was used to capture the opinion of 1,927 men (weighted population size = 72,633,670) who answered questions on their willingness to let their daughters receive HPV vaccine. We compared the characteristics of those who were willing to let their daughters receive HPV vaccine with those who were not. We used survey weights in all analyses, and variance estimations were performed using Taylor series linearization to account for the complex survey design. We used logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 1,554 (80.7%) men were willing to let their daughters receive HPV vaccine while 373 (19.3%) would not let their daughters receive the vaccine. The most common reasons for disagreeing with vaccination were: not knowing enough about it (27.7%); vaccine safety concerns (16.5%); and “my child is not sexually active” (13.7%). Of note, less than 1% felt the vaccine will promote promiscuity. Demographic (age, race, marital status, education status, and health insurance) and lifestyle characteristics (smoking and body mass index) did not predict men who would let their daughters get HPV vaccine. Conclusion: A high percentage of men are willing to let their daughters receive HPV vaccine suggesting that all men should be engaged in the conversation to improve HPV vaccine uptake in the United States. Primary care physicians should make it a priority to discuss the HPV vaccine with men and women more frequently to enlighten the population and allay their fears about the safety of the vaccine. Citation Format: Jessica Rogers, Kolapo A. Idowu, Rahmatalai Coker, Hamidat Segunmaru, Mohammad Daremipouran, Clinton Burnside, Carla D. Williams, Adeyinka O. Laiyemo. Characteristics of adult men who are willing to give HPV vaccine to their daughters in the United States: a national survey. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-851
Grain size control of rhenium strip

Ensuring the desired grain size in the pure Re strip employed by the SP-100 space nuclear reactor design entails the establishment of an initial grain size in the as-received strip and the avoidance of excessive grain growth during subsequent fabrication. Pure Re tapered tensile specimens have been fabricated and tested in order to quantify the effects of grain-boundary migration. Grain size could be rendered fine and uniform by means of a rolling procedure that uses rather large reductions between short intermediate anneals. The critical strain regime varies inversely with annealing temperature.
Relativity and the Minimum Slope of the Isgur-Wise Function

Sum rules based upon heavy quark effective theory indicate that the Isgur-Wise function $\xi(w)$ has a minimum slope as w approaches 1, which is zero for light degrees of freedom with zero spin and 1/4 for light spin 1/2. Quark-model studies reveal sources for a minimum slope from a variety of relativistic effects. In this paper the origins of the minimum slope in the sum-rule and quark-model approaches are compared by considering hadrons with arbitrary light spin. In both approaches the minimum slope increases with the light spin, but there appears to be no detailed correspondence between the quark-model and sum-rule approaches.
Walking with tyrannosaurs.

Tyrannosaurus terrorized the Earth — at least in the Hollywood version of history. But an estimate of the muscle volume in its hind legs suggests that the mighty giant could only walk, not run.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption Inhibits Deoxynivalenol-Induced CREB/ATF1 Activation and IL-6 Gene Transcription in Mouse Macrophages

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) induces IgA nephropathy in mice by upregulating IL-6 expression, which is suppressed by (n-3) PUFA consumption. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that consumption of the (n-3) PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) interferes with DON-induced transcriptional and post-transcriptional upregulation of IL-6 mRNA in murine macrophages. DON evoked expression of IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), an indicator of ongoing IL-6 transcription, in macrophages elicited from mice fed control AIN-93G diet for 4 wk, whereas expression of both RNA species was suppressed in macrophages from mice fed AIN-93G modified to contain 30 g DHA/kg diet for the same time period. DON enhanced IL-6 mRNA stability similarly in macrophages from control and DHA-fed mice suggesting that (n-3) PUFA effects were not post-transcriptional. DON upregulated binding activity of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and activator protein (AP-1) to their respective consensus sequences in nuclear extracts from control-fed mice, whereas both activities were suppressed in nuclear extracts from DHA-fed mice. DON induced phosphorylation of CREB at Ser-133 and ATF1 at Ser-63 as well as intranuclear binding of phospho-CREB/ATF1 to the cis element of the IL-6 promoter in control macrophages, whereas both activities were inhibited in macrophages from DHA-fed mice. DHA consumption blocked DON-induced phosphorylation of the CREB kinase AKT. Inhibition of AKT suppressed both CREB/ATF1 phosphorylation and IL-6 transcription. These data suggest that DHA consumption suppresses DON-induced IL-6 transcription in macrophages in part by interfering with AKT-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent binding of CREB/ATF1 to the IL-6 promoter.