cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Emissions from USA Broiler Chicken Barns Managed with New Bedding, Built-up Litter, or Acid-Treated Litter

Poultry producers in the United States have attempted to maintain barn aerial ammonia (NH3) levels below 25 ppm to improve air quality, and more recently to decrease aerial emissions to the atmosphere. Our objective was to investigate the influence of litter management strategies on NH3 emissions from commercial broiler barns employing new bedding, acid-treated built-up litter (sodium bisulphate), or untreated built-up litter (normal practice). Nearly 400 barn-days of NH3 emissions data were collected from 12 broiler barns on four farms monitored in 48-hour episodes over one year. On each study farm, the barns were paired for repetition of conditions. Emission was calculated as the product of gas concentration of the exhaust air and barn ventilation rate. Use of new bedding for every flock led to consistently lower NH3 emission (averaging 0.35 g NH3/(bird d)) at day 21 of the 42-day flock grow-outs, followed by flocks raised on the annual cleanout with new bedding (0.52 g NH3/(bird d)). Built-up litter without any treatment had the highest emission (0.73 g NH3/(bird d)), followed by the built-up litter with acid treatment (0.63 g NH3/(bird d)). One study site was managed with two barns using litter treatment and two identical barns with untreated, built-up litter for a side-by-side comparison of results under field conditions. Ammonia emissions from treated built-up litter barns were similar to those from untreated built-up litter barns, however, the temporal pattern of emissions provided evidence that ammonia held in the acid-treated litter at the beginning of the flock was released during the latter period of the flock cycle.
Adaptive History-Based Memory Schedulers for Modern Processors

Careful memory scheduling can increase memory bandwidth and overall system performance. We present a new memory scheduler that makes decisions based on the history of recently scheduled operations, providing two advantages: it can better reason about the delays associated with complex DRAM structure, and it can adapt to different observed workload
Biorthogonal expansions in root functions of differential operators

We consider the problem on the convergence of biorthogonal expansions in a system of eigenfunctions and associated functions for a wide class of operators, whose special cases include nonself-adjoint differential operators. We introduce the notion of almost basis property of systems of root functions of a linear operator. We demonstrate the necessity to use a new method, earlier introduced by the authors, for defining associated functions.
Commentary: Miranda, Dickerson, and the problem of actual innocence

(2000). Commentary: Miranda, Dickerson, and the problem of actual innocence. Criminal Justice Ethics: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 2-55.
Reduction in neuronal L-type calcium channel activity in a double knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Increased function of neuronal L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2 + channels (L-VSCCs) is strongly linked to impaired memory and altered hippocampal synaptic plasticity in aged rats. However, no studies have directly assessed L-VSCC function in any of the common mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where neurologic deficits are typically more robust. Here, we used cell-attached patch-clamp recording techniques to measure L-VSCC activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons of partially dissociated hippocampal “zipper” slices prepared from 14-month-old wild-type mice and memory-impaired APP/PS1 double knock-in mice. Surprisingly, the functional channel density of L-VSCCs was significantly reduced in the APP/PS1 group. No differences in voltage dependency and unitary conductance of L-VSCCs were observed. The results suggest that mechanisms for Ca2 + dysregulation can differ substantially between animal models of normal aging and models of pathological aging.
A simplified synthesis of acridine and/or lipid containing oligodeoxynucleotides

Abstract A simplified method has been developed for the synthesis of acridine and/or lipid containing oligodeoxynucleotides using a commercially available resin and reagents.
Heavy Drinking and Suicide in Russia

Russian levels of alcohol consumption and suicide are among the highest in the world. While observers have long suspected an association between the two, they were unable to investigate this hypothesis until recently due to past Soviet secrecy and thus a lack of data. This study took advantage of the newly available data during the post-Soviet era to examine the cross-sectional association between heavy drinking and suicide mortality in Russia. Aggregate mortality data for the Russian regions (n = 78) for the year 2000 were used to measure heavy drinking and suicide rates. Government data were used to control for the regional economic situation and strength of social institutions. Ordinary Least Squares regression was employed to estimate the effect of a proxy for heavy drinking on overall and sex-specific age-adjusted suicide rates. The results showed a positive and significant association between the two, and the association held for overall, male and female rates. These results not only confirmed an association between heavy drinking and suicide in Russia, but when compared to findings from previous studies of other countries they led to the hypothesis that a nation's beverage preference may be as important as its wet/dry drinking culture in the sensitivity of its suicide rates to alcohol consumption.
Electro-optic tuning of mid-infrared photonic crystal cavities using graphene

We demonstrate electro-optical modulation of mid-infrared Si photonic crystal cavities by the electrostatic doping of graphene. A wavelength shift of 4 nm is demonstrated around a wavelength of 4.47 μm, demonstrating the feasibility of on-chip electro-optic modulation for the mid-infrared wavelength region.
Disease surveillance in the ED: Factors leading to the underreporting of gonorrhea☆

Emergency departments (EDs) are potentially important surveillance sites. This study assessed reporting completeness for gonorrhea by hospital and gender and explored reasons for underreporting. A retrospective review was conducted of ED charts from three hospitals for 2 months. Potential gonorrhea cases were identified by history, physical examination, testing, treatment, and diagnostic practices. Cases were divided into those tested only, those treated with or without testing, and those with positive tests. Reporting completeness was assessed for each. Of 936 cases included, 29.0% were tested without treatment and 71% received treatment. One third of treated patients were not tested, and none of these were reported. Two EDs reported cases themselves and reported 75.9% of confirmed cases. There were significant differences in testing and reporting between hospitals and genders. Underreporting of suspected and confirmed gonorrhea cases was common from these EDs. A major cause was physicians treating without testing for confirmation.
Receptor binding characterization of the benzodiazepine radioligand 125I-Ro16-0154: potential probe for SPECT brain imaging.

Abstract The binding of an iodinated benzodiazepine (BZ) radioligand has been characterized, particularly in regard to its potential use as a neuroreceptor brain imaging agent with SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Ro16-0154 is an iodine-containing BZ antagonist and a close analog of Ro15-1788. In tissue homogenates prepared from human and monkey brain, the binding of 125 I-labeled Ro16-0154 was saturable, of high affinity (Kd=0.5 nM at 37°C), and had high ratios of specific to non-specific binding (approximately 40:1). Physiological concentrations of NaCl (150 mM) enhanced specific binding approximately 15% compared to buffer without this salt. Kinetic studies of association and dissociation demonstrated a temperature dependent decrease in affinity with increasing temperature. Drug displacement studies confirmed that 125 I-Ro16-0154 binds to the “central” type BZ receptor: binding is virtually identical to that of 3 H-Ro15-1788 except that 125 I-Ro16-0154 shows an almost 10 fold higher affinity at 37°C. These in vitro results suggest that 123 I-labeled Ro16-0154 shows promise as a selective, high affinity SPECT probe of the brain's BZ receptor.
Effect of the presence of a reversible inhibitor on the time course of slow-binding inhibition☆

Abstract The half-time for the initial burst seen when a slow-binding inhibitor is present in an enzyme assay decreases from 0.693 k 4 to 0.693 (k 3 + k 4 ) as the concentration of the slow-binding inhibitor is increased from zero to infinity (k3 and k4 are forward and reverse rate constants for the isomerization causing the slow-binding behavior). If the inhibitor solution contains a classical reversible inhibitor in addition to the slow-binding one, the half-time decreases from the same limit at zero inhibitor to a level which is higher at infinite inhibitor concentration (k3 is divided by ( 1 + xK i K j ), where x is the ratio of classical and slow-binding inhibitor concentrations, and Ki and Kj are their initial inhibition constants before the slow-binding phase). Thus if one is using a racemic inhibitor, both enantiomers of which inhibit initially but only one of which shows slow-binding behavior, one will not obtain the correct parameters for the pure slow-binding inhibitor. A similar situation would apply if one were using a mixture of inhibitors such as antibiotics, several of which inhibit initially, but only one of which is a slow-binding inhibitor. This theory is illustrated by determining the half-times for the slow-binding inhibition of yeast hexokinase by various levels of TmATP in the presence and absence of HoATP, which shows little slow-binding behavior.
Autoradiographic study of β1-Adrenergic receptor development in the mouse forebrain

Abstract The development of β1-adrenergic receptors has been studied in the mouse forebrain from embryonic day 14 (E14) to adulthood, using autoradiographic visualization of [125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) binding sites. From E14, ICYP binding sites are detected in moderate amounts in the striatum and basal forebrain and in very low concentration in the cortical plate. At E17, binding sites have increased in number in the deep layers of the embryonic cortex and extend over the whole thickness of the cortical ribbon at birth. On postnatal day 4 (P4), ICYP binding sites are more abundant in the superficial than in the inner cortex. By P10 the adult pattern of ICYP binding site distribution is achieved, namely: a high concentration in ventral pallidum, striatum and cortical layers I, II and III, a moderate concentration in layers V and VI and a lower density in septal areas and in cortical layer IV. It is well established that norepinephrine fibers arrive in the embryonic cortex early in development6,8,18,25. The present results show that the development of norepinephrine fiber and β1 receptor systems are coincident in the mouse.
Volatile C1C7 organic compounds in an anoxic sediment core from the Pettaquamscutt River (Rhode Island, U.S.A.)

Abstract Surface sediments from an anoxic marine environment, the Upper Basin of the Pettaquamscutt River, Rhode Island, were analyzed for volatile organic compounds in the C 1 C 7 range. The compounds identified included methane, ethane, alkenes (C 2 C 5 ), carbon disulfide, cyclopentane, 3-methylpentane, methylfuran, aldehydes and ketones. Ethane, methylfuran, and most of the aldehydes and ketones showed maxima at the sediment water interface. Methane levels were very high-10–100 times greater than observed in most other surface sediments examined in this laboratory.
Metabolic coupling and synchronization of NADH oscillations in yeast cell populations

The regular appearance of large NADH oscillations in mixtures of equal amounts of two suspensions of S. carlsbergensis originally oscillating approximately 180 ° out of phase is highly suggestive of the existence of an extracellular synchronizer of the glycolytic oscillation in this yeast. Two types of synchronization are usually observed: (a) both the phase and frequency of the mixed population oscillation are synchronized with one of the parent populations and (b) the frequency only is synchronized, i.e., the phase of the oscillation in the mixture is not close to either of the two parent suspensions. The large number of sustained oscillations at higher pH as compared to pH 4.5 suggests the possibility that damping may be due to a desynchronization process which is less effective at higher pH. In the absence of aldehyde traps such as KCN, Girard's reagent P, semicarbazide, or a mixture of NADH and ADH, the oscillations in the mixed suspension are highly damped and the frequency changes continuously. This suggests that acetaldehyde, secreted by the cells, may have a role as a desynchronizer of the oscillations. Mg2+ ion has the property of increasing the frequency of NADH oscillations in S. carlsbergensis. The synchronization of metabolism between individual yeast cells, which is described here, may be important as an example of a phenomenon common to many different cell types.
Response: "Why we still need grant peer review".

While we welcome a discussion on the merits and demerits of possible funding systems, we fundamentally disagree with Avin's comments. His letter is entitled “Why we still need grant peer review”, but it does not actually make a case for grant peer review. It merely criticizes our proposal in the abstract. Avin is mistaken about a number of points: 1. Of course an ideal …
Beam Transport and Targetry in the 1-TeV Fermilab Meson Area

Three ED/S 1 TeV primary beams will be transported to the Meson Area and targeted in above-ground stations designed for intensities up to 5 × 1012 protons/pulse. Muon backgrounds will be reduced to acceptable levels with active shielding. New secondary beams, one providing polarized protons, the other high intensity hadrons, will feed experiments located in new buildings approximately 300 m north of the present Meson Detector Building (MDB).
Jamming defense against a resource-replenishing adversary in multi-channel wireless systems

We revisit the jamming defense problem in a multi- channel wireless system, using a general formulation of online learning against an adversary via repeated game-playing. We provide the explicit form of the worst-case optimal channel- hopping strategy of a legitimate user in a multi-stage interaction with a resource-replenishing jamming attacker. Interestingly, we show that the worst imaginary enemy can be given as an adversary who behaves in an i.i.d. manner in this multi-stage interaction, and the optimal strategy of the user is determined by the induced random walk of the adversarial behavior. In addition to the jamming defense, our framework is also applicable to other competitive game problems with finite action spaces. I. INTRODUCTION
Rural Parents' Perceptions of Risks Associated with Their Children's Exposure to Radon

Objectives: To examine the level of awareness of radon issues, correlates of elective testing behaviors, and the accuracy of risk perception for radon exposures among rural residents receiving public health services. Design: A cross-sectional design was used in which questionnaire data and household analytic data for radon levels were collected from a nonprobabilistic sample of rural households. Sample: Thirty-one rural households with 71 adults and 60 children participated in the study. Primary household respondents were female (100%), Caucasian (97%), and primarily (94%) between 21 and 40 years of age. Measurement: Questionnaire data consisted of knowledge and risk perception items about radon and all homes were tested for the presence of radon. Results: The prevalence of high airborne radon (defined as≥4 pCi/l) was 32%. More than a third of the sample underestimated the seriousness of health effects of radon exposure, 39% disagreed that being around less radon would improve the long-term health of their children, and 52% were unsure whether radon could cause health problems. After adjusting for chance, only 21% of the subjects correctly understood their risk status. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that low-income rural citizens do not understand their risk of radon exposure or the deleterious consequences of exposure.
THE DEPTH DISTRIBUTION OF SEISMICITY AT THE NORTHERN END OF THE RWENZORI MOUNTAINS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEAT FLOW IN THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM IN UGANDA

Data from a six-month deployment of seismic stations around the northern end of the Rwenzori Mountains have been used to investigate the depth extent of seismicity and its implications for heat flow in the Western Branch of the East Africa Rift System in Uganda. Previous seismicity studies of the Western Branch in Uganda show earthquake nucleation at depths greater than or equal to 40 km suggesting that heat flow from the rift is not elevated. However, heat flow elsewhere in the Western Branch (e.g., western Tanzania and Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika) is elevated, similar to the elevated heat flow in the Eastern Branch of the East African Rift System in Kenya. To investigate further the depth extent of seismicity in the Western Branch, seismological data were collected and analysed to obtain accurate hypocenters using both standard and double difference location algorithms. Focal mechanisms were also obtained to place constraints on the local stress regime. Results show that seismicity is concentrated along the major border faults of the Rwenzori horst, suggesting an eastward dip on the Ruimi-Wasa Fault and a northwestward dip on the Toro-Bunyoro Fault. Fault motions are predominantly normal, with possible strike slip motions between the Ruimi-Wasa and Toro-Bunyoro Faults. The number of earthquakes increases with depth, peaking at 16 km and falling sharply by 22 km. Strength envelope models indicate that heat flow in the range of 54 mWm −2 to 66 mWm −2 is required to explain this result. A heat flow of 54 to 66 mWm −2 is similar to heat flow in other mobile belts in East Africa away from major rift valleys, and therefore heat flow around the Rwenzori Mountains does not appear to be elevated. This finding does not preclude the possibility of a deep seated (i.e., mantle) thermal anomaly beneath the rift, which may not have had sufficient time to reach the surface.
Laser-enhanced ionization spectrometry

Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) is one of a family of laser-induced ionization techniques which have been exploited for analytical spectrometry. In LEI, a pulsed dye laser is used to promote analyte atoms to a bound excited state from which they are collisionally ionized in a flame. The resulting current is detected with electrodes and is a measure of the concentration of the absorbing species. LEI may proceed by photoexcitation (via one or more transitions) and thermal ionization or a combination of thermal excitation, photoexcitation, and thermal ionization. LEI detection limits are competitive with — and in many cases superior to — those obtained with other techniques of atomic spectrometry. This chapter will provide an introduction to LEI spectrometry and its capabilities. Signal production and collection will be discussed along with the more practical aspects of LEI spectrometry. The applications of LEI spectrometry will be reviewed and the future of LEI spectrometry will be assessed.
Controlling the Adiabaticity of Electron-Transfer Reactions Using Nematic Liquid-Crystal Solvents

Transient absorption studies of intramolecular photoinduced charge separation and thermal charge recombination were carried out on a molecule consisting of a 4-(N-pyrrolidinyl)naphthalene-1,8-imide donor (PyrNI) covalently attached to a pyromellitimide acceptor (PI) dissolved in the liquid crystal N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA). In the isotropic phase, just above the nematic to isotropic phase transition, ordered microdomains exist that give rise to solvation dynamics that consist of collective reorientational motions of the microdomains and relatively faster reorientations of molecules within the domains. The different temperature dependence of these responses permits the assignment of collective or molecular solvent motions as mediators of the charge separation and recombination reactions. We find for PyrNI−PI in MBBA that charge separation is adiabatic and controlled by the collective microdomain reorientations, whereas the charge recombination is nonadiabatic and controlled by the fast...
Boundary layer nucleation

Abstract Nucleation and transport of a condensable trace species across subcooled laminar/turbulent boundary layers are investigated. Spontaneous homogeneous nucleation is found to occur for surfaces maintained at temperatures much below the dew point. The embryos so formed provide condensation sites for heterogeneous nucleation. The effect of boundary layer condensation is always to diminish the mass transfer of trace species. There is an intermediate temperature range where the decrease in vapor deposition is not fully compensated by the ensuing Brownian/thermophoretic deposition of particulates so that the combined particle and vapor mass transfer decreases with surface subcooling. For laminar flow, a vapor-free zone is created adjacent to the subcooled surface by direct vapor condensation on the entrained particulate matter. The mass transfer then occurs solely due to paniculate deposition mechanisms. For turbulent flow, vapor mass transfer persists even at low surface temperatures. A significant decrease in net deposition flux is observed partly due to turbulent back diffusion of particles into the superheated zone and, more importantly, due to strong turbulent convection.
Sap analysis for diagnosis of nitrate accumulation in cereal forages

Abstract Development of a quantitative, preharvest quiektest for NO3 levels in cereal forages would improve crop management options to avoid NO3 toxicity in livestock. Our objective was to determine if concentrations of NO3 in sap expressed from oat (Avenasativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) are correlated with those in dry tissue of simultaneously harvested hay, and to test the reliability of the Cardy portable NO3 meter for sap analysis in these species. In 1993, whole plant samples were gathered from plots fertilized with variable nitrogen (N) rates at four environments in Montana, and were analyzed for NO3 concentration in lower‐internode sap and in whole plant dry matter. In 1994 and 1995, the study was repeated at two environments. The sampling technique included three subsamples from each plot for sap analysis, followed immediately by harvest of the entire plot for hay, and further subsampling for dry matter NO3 analysis after drying. Linear correlations between dry matter and sap NO3 concentration...
Microwave Communications from the Outer Planets: The Voyager Project

During the late 1970s, there is a rare alignment of the outer planets which allows a single spacecraft to fly a multip1anet mission. The Voyager Project, which will fly two spacecraft past Jupiter and Saturn, is such a mission. In the late summer of 1977, two Voyager spacecraft were launched from the Air Force Eastern Test Range at Cape Kennedy, Florida. They each carried experiments to gather information about Jupiter, Saturn, their satellites and the interplanetary medium between Earth and Saturn. The Voyager science data rates varied from 80 bits/s to 115.2 kbits/s. The exceptionally high data rates, coupled together with the enormous Jupiter and Saturn distances and available spacecraft power, presented some unique problems to the communications system designers. This paper summarizes the Voyager Project, the mission objectives, and the spacecraft communications system required to meet the mission objectives. The complexities and problems, such as power consumption, weight, and antenna pointing constraints are presented, along with a detailed description of the radio frequency and S/X-band antenna subsystems.
Building online trust through privacy practices

This study applies Mayer et al. [24] trust model to an Internet context. A model is presented linking privacy policy, through trustworthiness, to online trust, and then to customers’ loyalty and their willingness to provide truthful information. The model is tested using a sample of 269 responses. The findings suggest that consumers’ trust in a company is closely linked with the perception of the company’s respect for customer privacy. Trust in turn is linked to increased customer loyalty that can be manifested through increased purchases, openness to trying new products, and willingness to participate in programs that use additional personal information.
Animal models of Parkinson's disease

Animal models are important tools in experimental medical science to better understand pathogenesis of human diseases. Once developed, these models can be exploited to test therapeutic approaches for treating functional disturbances observed in the disease of interest. On the basis of experimental and clinical findings, Parkinson's disease (PD) was the first neurological disease to be modeled and, subsequently, to be treated by neurotransmitter replacement therapy. Agents that selectively disrupt or destroy catecholaminergic systems, such as reserpine, methamphetamine, 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine have been used to develop PD models. Recently, it has been found that agricultural chemicals, such as rotenone and paraquat, when administered systemically, can reproduce specific features of PD in rodents, apparently via oxidative damage. Transgenic animals that over-express alpha-synuclein are used to study the role of this protein in dopaminergic degeneration. This review critically discusses animal models of PD and compares them with characteristics of the human disease.
9‐CIS, 11‐CIS‐RETINAL* FROM DIRECT IRRADIATION OF ALL‐TRANS‐RETINAL. NEW GEOMETRIC ISOMERS OF VITAMIN A AND CAROTENOIDS 9

The irradiation mixture of all-trans-retinal in acetonitrile was shown to contain four cis,cis isomers as well as the four cis isomers reported earlier. The relatively new 9-cis, 11-cis-retinal was isolated and characterized.
Binding Model for Nonpeptide Antagonists of αvβ3 Integrin

A binding model for nonpeptide antagonists of integrin αvβ3 has been developed through docking analyses utilizing the MMFFs force field and the recently published crystal structure, 1JV2. Results of this docking study have led to the identification of a novel binding model for selective antagonists of αvβ3 over αIIbβ3 integrins. Four different chemical classes are shown to bind in a similar fashion providing a measure of confidence in the proposed model. All αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 antagonists have a basic nitrogen separated some distance from a carboxylic acid to mimic RGD. For the αvβ3 antagonists under present consideration, these charged ends are separated by twelve bonds. The basic nitrogen of the active αvβ3 ligands are shown to interact with D150 of αv and the ligands' carboxylic acid interact with R214 of β3 while adopting an extended conformation with minimal protein induced internal strain. In addition, an energetically favorable interaction is found with all of the active αvβ3 molecules with Y178 of αv...
Highlights of the ALCTS CMDS Collection Management Issues for Offsite Storage Discussion Group

The topic of the ALCTS, Collection Management and Development Section, Collection Management Issues for Offsite Storage discussion group was introduced by Maribeth Krupczak, Collection Development ...
Effect of gold(I) compounds on the virulence of an amyocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3

Coxsackieviruses, especially B strains (CVB), are known etiological agents of myocarditis. Both amyocardititc and myocarditic strains exist and at least one amyocarditic strain, CVB3/0, can convert to virulence when passaged through selenium or vitamin E-deficient mice. Gold(I)-containing compounds, such as aurothiomalate (ATM) and aurothioglucose (ATG), can act as selenium antagonists. In this study, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal administration of equal doses of ATM or ATG on the virulence of CVB3/0. ATM but not ATG increased mortality in CVB3/0-infected mice. CVB3/0-infected mice treated with ATM had total necrosis of the pancreatic exocrine tissue. Heart damage also occurred in ATM-treated mice but did not correlate with mortality. Increased viral titers and persistence were observed in ATM-treated mice and, to a lesser extent, in ATG-treated mice. Thus, under our conditions, only ATM increased the virulence of CVB3/0, whereas ATG did not. On the other hand, both ATG and ATM inhibited thioredoxin reductase activity in heart and pancreas, but neither affected glutathione peroxidase activity. In contrast, dietary selenium deficiency reduces both enzyme activities. Thus, it is unlikely that these compounds affect virulence by acting as selenium antagonists.
Central-force models which exhibit a splay-rigid phase

Two models, one random the other periodic, are described which exhibit splay rigidity but are not rigid with respect to compression. The random model is based on a periodic lattice of rhombuses whose sides consist of central-force springs, which is perturbed in the following way: rhombuses can have diagonal central force struts with probability y or they can have one of the horizontal springs removed with probability x. For x,y\ensuremath{\ll}1 we are led to consider a long-ranged anisotropic percolation process which is solved exactly on a Cayley tree. We show that for y/x near 2 the compressional rigidity of this system is zero but the Frank elastic constant, K, describing splay rigidity is nonzero. This is the first example of a percolation model for which this phenomenon, suggested earlier, is conclusively established. For y/x\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2 \ensuremath{\surd}2 the system has nonzero bulk and shear moduli. We also study the excitation spectrum for a periodic model which possesses only splay rigidity and obtain a libron dispersion relation \ensuremath{\omega}=${c}_{S}$q, where q is the wave vector and ${c}_{S}$\ensuremath{\sim}(K/\ensuremath{\rho}${)}^{1/2}$, where \ensuremath{\rho} is the mass density. These results are generalized to obtain a scaling form for ${c}_{S}$ and the density of states of the random model which is valid when the correlation length for compressional rigidity becomes large.
Steroid-Induced Hallucination Following Intra-Articular Administration: A Case Report and Brief Review

Amidst the ubiquitous use of steroids, psychiatric side-effects are not uncommon, though the presentation may be curiously diverse. The case of an elderly lady who had 40 mg of methylprednisolone injected in each knee for treatment of suprapatellar bursitis is presented. After 3 days, she reported visual hallucinations, which resolved without treatment 6 days after the steroid injections. We found considerable interest in this case as there were very few reported cases of adverse psychiatric events triggered by intra-articular steroid administration. We follow with a brief review of the incidence, risk factors, presentation, and treatment of steroid-induced psychiatric side-effects.
Radiative cooling of tokamak plasmas due to multiply-charged Fe impurity ions

Abstract Calculations are presented for the rates of radiative energy loss from tokamak plasmas arising from radiation processes involving collisions between electrons and multiply-charged Fe impurity ions. The distribution of ionization states is determined from the steady-state corona model. The inclusion of dielectronic recombination raises the temperature at which each ion has its maximum equilibrium abundance. For certain nonhydrogenic ions, the dielectronic recombination rates obtained from previous calculations are found to be overestimated due to the neglect of autoionization into an excited state of the recombining ion. Electron impact excitation of resonance line radiation in the far ultraviolet and X-ray regions is the dominant radiative cooling mechanism at temperatures where ions with bound electrons are abundant. However, the radiation emitted during dielectronic recombination can be more important than direct recombination radiation and bremsstrahlung.
Comment on "Large-Scale Sequence Analysis of Avian Influenza Isolates"

Obenauer et al. (Research Articles, 17 March 2006, p. 1576) reported that the influenza A virus PB1-F2 gene is evolving under strong positive selection, as documented by an extremely high ratio of the number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions to the number of synonymous substitutions (dN/dS). However, we show that this observation is likely to be an artifact related to the location of PB1-F2 in the +1 reading frame of the PB1 gene.
Copper(II) coordination chemistry of 2-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-1,3-propan-diol: Syntheses and structures of mono-, di-, and tricopper complexes

Six copper(II) complexes with N,O-donor ligand 2-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-1,3-propan-diol (H 2 ppdo) were synthesized and characterized. Treatment of CuCl 2 or Cu(OTf) 2 with H 2 ppdo led to the formation of bis(H 2 ppdo) monomers [Cu(H 2 ppdo) 2 ][CuCl 4 ] ( 1 ) and [Cu(H 2 ppdo) 2 ](OTf) 2 ( 2 ), respectively. Both 1 and 2 are comprised of the copper atom coordinated by two ligands in an axially-compressed tetragonal geometry with the pyridyl N atoms in the axial positions and the alcohol O atoms in the equatorial plane. The treatment of 1 or 2 with Et 3 N produced copper(II) complexes of varying nuclearity. Treatment of 1 with excess Et 3 N generated two binuclear Cu(II) clusters [Cu 2 (Hppdo) 2 Cl 2 ] ( 3 ) and [Cu 2 (Hppdo) 2 Cl 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 ] ( 4 ), where only one alcohol OH group per ligand has been deprotonated, while similar treatment of 2 with excess Et 3 N afforded the trimeric copper(II) species [Cu 3 (Hppdo) 4 ](OTf) 2 ( 5 ). The structures of 3 and 4 are similar, with alkoxo-O ligand atoms bridging between two square pyramidal copper atoms, and the alcohol-O ligand atoms either coordinating in the axial position in 3 , or uncoordinated in 4 . Treatment of CuCl 2 with H 2 ppdo and Et 3 N afforded the trinuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu 3 (Hppdo) 4 ]Cl 2 ( 6 ). Complexes 5 and 6 are made up of one square-planar copper sandwiched between two tetragonally distorted six-coordinate Cu(Hppdo) 2 moieties, where the bridging alkoxo-O atoms link the copper atoms.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (BMT) IN GAUCHER'S DISEASE

A 19 year-old female with non-neuronopathic Gaucher's Disease had 3 BMT's from 2 partially HLA-matched, carrier, sibling donors. Pre-BMT glucocerebrosidase (glc-ase) activity in leukocytes and liver were 13 and 9% of controls respectively. BMT #1 was done in 8/81 (donor=brother) after fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (100 rad × 18). Donor leukocytes (XY) were found in the blood (1-3%) for 6 weeks and in marrow (6-9%) for 3 months with no graft vs. host disease. A 2nd BMT (same donor) failed and graft cells disappeared. Leukocyte glc-ase activity never changed. During 1982 the patient developed marrow failure. In 2/83, using a sister as donor, she had a 3rd BMT after cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), total body x-ray (165 rad × 8) and cyclosporine. She engrafted promptly and had normal or supranormal leukocyte glc-ase levels by day +27 and thereafter. At death on day +50 from cyclosporine toxicity ("capillary leak syndrome") and polymicrobial sepsis, her bone marrow showed partial clearing of Gaucher cells. Her liver had increased its glc-ase levels from 1.7 to 4.7 U/mg protein ([3H]-glucocerebroside substrate; 25% normal). The brain had very low enzyme levels (12% normal). Conclusion: BMT offers the Gaucher patient effective enzyme replacement for cells of marrow origin in the circulation and in reticuloendothelial organs. Whether remissions of clinical disease will occur and glc-ase levels in the CNS will rise after BMT remains to be determined.
The effect of exercise absence on affect and body dissatisfaction as moderated by obligatory exercise beliefs and eating disordered beliefs and behaviors

Aim Research suggests that exercise absence is frequently associated with greater guilt and negative affect, particularly when obligatory exercise beliefs and eating disordered psychopathology are considered. Two separate studies used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine differences in mood on exercise and non-exercise days and the moderating impact of obligatory exercise beliefs and eating disordered beliefs and behaviors.
Explicit person memories constrain the indirect reciprocation of prosocial acts

Abstract It has been argued that conscious processes have only a limited causal influence over social behavior. In contrast to this view, the current manuscript provides evidence that explicit person memories serve an important social function. Specifically, they support the strategy of indirect reciprocity, in which help is directed toward those with a helpful reputation and away from those with a non-helpful reputation. Three studies using the prisoner's dilemma paradigm provided evidence that participants can only execute the strategy of indirect reciprocity when they possess explicit memory for an interaction partner's prior behaviors. This occurred under a substantial memory load, and a levels-of-processing manipulation provided evidence for the causal role of explicit memory in indirect reciprocity.
Electronic Portfolios Revisited: The Efolios Project

Abstract Electronic portfolios show considerable pedagogical, student-outcomes, and program assessment promise but have been plagued by numerous logistical and implementation problems caused by the software and by students having to learn a great deal about electronic writing to put together a viable electronic portfolio. This article describes using an efolios project to solve these problems, enabling students to concentrate on writing rather than on technology and to create an electronic environment conducive to student-outcomes and program assessment.
Hepatitis B vaccine acceptance among adolescents and their parents

Purpose: To employ theoretic health decision models to determine strategies that may facilitate acceptance of hepatitis vaccination programs among adolescents and their parents/guardians. Methods: The research was conducted in a hospital-based adolescent clinic between January and September 1994. Eighty adolescents and 65 parents participated in a survey that was administered to new patients. Two groups (those who accepted the vaccine and those who rejected it) were compared for each variable and potential predictor. Results: The majority of adolescents and parents indicated that their clinic care provider was the initial contact to initiate discussion about the vaccine. Significant predictors for parents' acceptance of the vaccination were their perceptions of the vaccine's importance to the care provider and concern about the general risk of the disease. Predictors for adolescents' acceptance of the vaccine was their perception that their parents felt it was important and the extent to which they believed it was for "everyone" to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Providers should be aware that adolescents are influenced by their parent's opinions and that the care provider's endorsement of the vaccine may be a key factor in parental acceptance of the vaccine. Results of this study have potential implications for public health approaches to facilitate vaccine acceptance.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURE STUDY OF SPIROGYRA

SUMMARY The fine structure of three species of Spirogyra is presented, utilizing bright field, polarized light, and electron microscopes; x-ray diffraction; and autoradiographic techniques. The birefringent filament wall consists of an outer amorphous layer covering Cellulose I microfibrils in a multinet growth pattern. Vegetative cytoplasmic fine structure is typical of the Chlorophyta with the exception of karyoids which are described. Autoradiography indicated spots on the conjugating filament walls corresponding to developing conjugation papillae. Conjugation tubes possess a cell wall of microfibrils in a reticulate pattern. During conjugation removal of papillae cross walls was observed. This wall breakdown appears to be controlled by vesicles released from the cytoplasm.
Climate change, human response and the origins of urbanism at Timbuktu: archaeological investigations into the prehistoric urbanism of the Timbuktu region on the Niger Bend, Mali, West Africa

Climate change, human response and the origins of urbanism at Timbuktu: archaeological investigations into the prehistoric urbanism of the Timbuktu region on the Niger Bend, Mali, West Africa . Yal...
Adaptive robust optimization for coordinated capacity and load control in data centers

This paper addresses the problem of improving energy efficiency and quality-of-service (QoS) of data centers, by coordinating the “feed-forward” capacity provisioning controller and the “feed-back” load balancing controller. A data center is modeled as a collection of modular server blocks which cooperatively process multi-class, inter-dependent workload. We propose a coordinated two-stage control strategy of data centers based on the adaptive robust optimization framework. In stage 1, the optimal capacity of each server block is found based on predicted arrival rates of future workload, taking into account the potential QoS cost in stage 2; Then in stage 2, the load balancer distributes incoming workload to server blocks to achieve optimal QoS, after observing the actual workload. We show through simulations that the proposed approach achieves lower total costs as well as less QoS variations compared to a start-of-art baseline approach with reasonable level of conservativeness.
Determining canonical views of 3D object using minimum description length criterion and compressive sensing method

ABSTRACT In this paper, we proposeusing twomethods to determinethe canonicalviews of3Dobjects: minimum descriptionlength (MDL) criterion and compressive sensing method. MDL criterion searches for the description length thatachieves the balance between model accuracy and parsi mony. It takes the form of the sum of a likelihood and apenalizing term, where the likelihood is in favor of model accuracy such that more views assists the descriptionof an object, while the second term penalizes lengthy des cription to prevent overtting of the model. In order todevise the likelihood term, we propose a model to repres ent a 3D object as the weighted sum of multiple rangeimages, which is used in the second method to determine the canonical views as well.In compressive sensing method, an intelligent way of parsimoniously sampling an object is presented. Wemake direct inference from Donoho 1 and Cand` es 2 work, and adapt it to our model. Each range image is viewedas a projection, or a sample, of a 3D model, and by using compressive sensing theory, we are able to reconstructthe object with an overwhelming probability by scarcely sensing the object in a random manner. Compressivesensing is dierent from traditional compressing method in the sense that the former compress things in thesampling stage while the later collects a large number of samples and then compressing mechanism is carriedout thereafter. Compressive sensing scheme is particularly useful when the number of sensors are limited or thesampling machinery cost much resource or time.Keywords: minimum description length, compressive sampling, range image, 3D model reconstruction, canon-ical views
Tendon excursion and gliding: Clinical impacts from humble concepts

As integral components of the musculoskeletal system, the primary function is transmission of muscle forces to the skeletal system. Proper excursion and gliding of the tendon determine the efficiency of this function. Studies of the tendon excursion and gliding based on two simple mechanical concepts have resulted in several significant clinical implications.
Sensitivity and uncertainty studies of the CRAC2 computer code

This report presents a study of the sensitivity of early fatalities, early injuries, latent cancer fatalities, and economic costs for hypothetical nuclear reactor accidents as predicted by the CRAC2 computer code (CRAC = Calculation of Reactor Accident Consequences) to uncertainties in selected models and parameters used in the code. The sources of uncertainty that were investigated in the CRAC2 sensitivity studies include (1) the model for plume rise, (2) the model for wet deposition, (3) the procedure for meteorological bin-sampling involving the selection of weather sequences that contain rain, (4) the dose conversion factors for inhalation as they are affected by uncertainties in the physical and chemical form of the released radionuclides, (5) the weathering half-time for external ground-surface exposure, and (6) the transfer coefficients for estimating exposures via terrestrial foodchain pathways. The sensitivity studies were performed for selected radionuclide releases, hourly meteorological data, land-use data, a fixed non-uniform population distribution, a single evacuation model, and various release heights and sensible heat rates. Two important general conclusions from the sensitivity and uncertainty studies are as follows: (1) The large effects on predicted early fatalities and early injuries that were observed in some of the sensitivity studies apparently are due inmore » part to the presence of thresholds in the dose-response models. Thus, the observed sensitivities depend in part on the magnitude of the radionuclide releases. (2) Some of the effects on predicted early fatalities and early injuries that were observed in the sensitivity studies were comparable to effects that were due only to the selection of different sets of weather sequences in bin-sampling runs. 47 figs., 50 tabs.« less
Triggering of large germanium arrays to obtain gamma-ray spectroscopic data: recoil-γ-γ versus γ-γ-γ

Abstract An array of 19 hyperpure germanium detectors was used in a spectroscopic study of the 12C(54Fe, 2pγ)64Zn and 12C(54Fe, 2nγ)64Ge reactions at a beam energy of 165 MeV. The array was triggered either by recoiling nuclei detected in an electromagnetic separator when two gamma rays were detected, or by events in which three gamma-rays were detected. After proper analysis, it was found that for the strongly produced 64Zn, the two triggering produced spectra of comparable quality. However, for the much weaker reaction channel leading to 64Ge, a recoil gate was found to be essential in order to identify any of the known transitions. The implications of these measurements are generalized to the next generation of γ-ray spectrometers and recoil separators.
Non‐academic factors in college entrance requirements

S LONG AS education was thought of as a purely intellectual process of mastering a required amount of subject-matter, it was logical that adequate academic preparation for college would be the sole criterion for admission. Recently the idea of education has undergone a tremendous broadening of scope. The newer concept is expressed in very general terms by Aiken as "the development of the human being through his doing those things that have meaning to him."' While it is too broadly stated to be specifically applied, this idea at least forces educators to re-analyze their philosophies; to consider anew to what extent they are responsible for the development of the individual personality as well as for the development of the individual intellect. Foremost educators stress the importance of the "whole person" in defining the obligations of higher education today. A significant finding reported by the eight-year study was that "factors in secondary education which seemed to yield successful college advancement were factors other than marks in the conventional high school subjects."2 Chalmers expresses it in this manner: "General education should redefine liberal education in terms of life's problems as men face them, to give it human orientation and social direction, to invest it with content that is directly relevant to the demands of contemporary society."8 His emphasis is definitely on social action and attitudes rather than on facts or other intellectual efforts.