cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Profile of Care Coordination, Missed School Days, and Unmet Needs Among Oregon Children with Special Health Care Needs with Behavioral and Mental Health Conditions.

To inform Oregon’s Title V needs assessment activities, we aimed to (1) characterize the state’s subpopulation of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with behavioral and mental health conditions (B/MHC) and (2) determine associations of care coordination with missed school days and unmet needs for this subpopulation. We analyzed 2009–2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs data on 736 Oregon CSHCN < 18 years, including 418 CSHCN with B/MHC. Among Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC: 48.9% missed ≥ 4 school days, 25% had ≥ 1 unmet health services need, and 14.8% had ≥ 1 unmet family support services need. Care coordination was associated with lower adjusted odds of ≥ 1 unmet health services need but was not significantly associated with missed school days or unmet family support services need. The approach to identify Oregon CSHCN with B/MHC may be adopted by other states endeavoring to improve health for this vulnerable subpopulation.
Examining the structure and intermolecular forces of thiazolium-based ionic liquids

Abstract A series of seven novel thiazolium-based ionic liquids have been synthesized and characterized. To understand the physicochemical properties of thiazolium ionic liquids the compounds were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction. The thiazolium sulfur atom is found to impart unique intermolecular interactions affecting the properties of the materials, both in the solid and liquid state. These interactions are examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data as well as via variable-temperature viscometry. Further, it was observed that several of the ionic compounds exhibit high enthalpies of fusion making them potential candidates for thermal energy storage materials, expanding the possible applications for this class of compounds.
Sex Differences in the Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Function in HIV

Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy, mild cognitive deficits persist in nearly half of people with HIV (PWH). The profile of impairment in HIV is highly variable with deficits observed in a range of cognitive domains. Despite evidence of greater cognitive impairment among women with HIV (WWH) vs. men with HIV (MWH), it is unclear how MWH and WWH differ in the type of cognitive impairment and in risk factors associated with cognitive impairment profiles. In a large and well-characterized sample of PWH, we used machine learning to identify profiles of cognitive functioning and their associated factors overall and within sex. Participants included 1,666 PWH (201 WWH; 1,465 MMH) from the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program who completed a neuropsychological test battery at their baseline visits. Using demographically-adjusted T-scores from 13 test outcomes assessing motor skills, executive functioning, attention/working memory, episodic learning and memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed, we used Kohonen self-organizing maps to identify patterns of high-dimensional data by mapping participants to similar nodes based on T-scores (MCLUST R package). Random forest models were used to determine how sociodemographic (e.g., age, education), clinical (e.g., depressive symptoms, substance use disorder), and biological (e.g., HIV disease characteristics) factors differentially related to membership within a cognitive profile. All analyses were repeated within sex. Three cognitive profiles were identified overall and within each sex. Overall and within MWH, there were unimpaired and global weakness profiles. The third profile in the total sample demonstrated relatively weak auditory attention whereas in MWH showed relative strengths in attention and processing speed. Conversely, there was no unimpaired profile among WWH. Rather, WWH demonstrated separate profiles reflecting weakness in motor skills, a relative weakness in learning and delayed recall, and global weaknesses with spared recognition memory. Despite different cognitive profiles by sex, the most discriminative factors were similar between men and women and included reading level (cognitive reserve), current and nadir CD4 count, plasma HIV viral load, duration of HIV disease, age, depressive symptoms, and race/ethnicity. Findings fill a knowledge gap concerning sex differences in cognitive impairment in PWH and inform personalized risk reduction and therapeutic strategies.
Estrogenic signaling and sociosexual behavior in wild sex-changing bluehead wrasses, Thalassoma bifasciatum.

Estrogenic signaling is an important focus in studies of gonadal and brain sexual differentiation in fishes and vertebrates generally. This study examined variation in estrogenic signaling (1) across three sexual phenotypes (female, female-mimic initial phase [IP] male, and terminal phase [TP] male), (2) during socially-controlled female-to-male sex change, and (3) during tidally-driven spawning cycles in the protogynous bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum). We analyzed relative abundances of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the brain form of aromatase (cyp19a1b) and the three nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβa, and ERβb) by qPCR. Consistent with previous reports, forebrain/midbrain cyp19a1b was highest in females, significantly lower in TP males, and lowest in IP males. By contrast, ERα and ERβb mRNA abundances were highest in TP males and increased during sex change. ERβa mRNA did not vary significantly. Across the tidally-driven spawning cycle, cyp19a1b abundances were higher in females than TP males. Interestingly, cyp19a1b levels were higher in TP males close (~1 h) to the daily spawning period when sexual and aggressive behaviors rise than males far from spawning (~10-12 h). Together with earlier findings, our results suggest alterations in neural estrogen signaling are key regulators of socially-controlled sex change and sexual phenotype differences. Additionally, these patterns suggest TP male-typical sociosexual behaviors may depend on intermediate rather than low estrogenic signaling. We discuss these results and the possibility that an inverted-U shaped relationship between neural estrogen and male-typical behaviors is more common than presently appreciated.
Molecular pathogenesis of B cell malignancy: the role of BCL-6.

Human malignancies displaying a mature B cell phenotype include non-Hodgkin lymphoma, (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM). Analogous to most cancer types, the pathogenesis of these malignancies represents a multistep process involving the progressive and clonal accumulation of multiple genetic lesions affecting proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, several important features distinguish the mechanism and type of genetic alterations associated with NHL, CLL, and MM (Table 1).
Fitness and leadership: is there a relationship? Regular exercise correlates with higher leadership ratings in senior‐level executives

The purpose of this research was to determine how regular exercise impacted leadership scores on two multi‐rater leadership assessment instruments – the Executive Success Profile® (ESP), and the Campbell Leadership IndexTM (CLI). Since 1997, data have been collected from over 600 senior‐level executives attending Leadership at the Peak, a five‐day course at the Center for Creative Leadership. Prior to attending, the participants completed a health and physical activity questionnaire that included questions about their exercise, dietary and smoking habits and assessment data were collected from both the participants and their observers. After they arrived at the program, fitness professionals collected additional data including percent body fat, blood‐pressure and exercise routine. The health data were compared with the results of the ESP and CLI. These instruments required a self‐assessment of performance on various leadership indices along with parallel ratings by an observer group of bosses, subordinates and peers. The results indicated that the observers rated exercisers significantly higher than the non‐exercisers on many of the ESP and CLI scales. The weighted averages of all the scales for both instruments were also significantly higher for the exercisers. Further, the bosses also rated smokers lower on 14 out of 22 ESP scales compared with those who had never smoked. Overall, these data indicate that engaging in regular exercise is positively correlated with how others rated executives on various leadership indices.
Regret bounds of a distributed saddle point algorithm

An algorithm to learn optimal actions in distributed convex repeated games is developed. Learning is repeated because cost functions are revealed sequentially and distributed because they are revealed to agents of a network that can exchange information with neighboring nodes only. Learning is measured in terms of the global networked regret, which is the accumulated loss of causal prediction with respect to a centralized clairvoyant agent to which the information of all times and agents is revealed at the initial time. We use a variant of the Arrow-Hurwicz saddle point algorithm which penalizes local agent disagreement via Lagrange multipliers and leads to a distributed online algorithm. We show that decisions made with this saddle point algorithm lead to regret whose order is not larger than O(√T), where T is the total number of rounds of the game. Numerical behavior is illustrated for the particular case of dynamic sensor network estimation across different network sizes, connectivities, and topologies.
Reduction and Related Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Metals in Liquid Ammonia

This chapter is concerned with the reduction and related reactions of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones by alkali and alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia. Upon treatment with a metal in liquid ammonia (usually containing an ether co-solvent) a simple alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone is converted into the metal enolate corresponding to the saturated ketone. Research during the first half of the 20th Century revealed that a variety of organic compounds undergo reduction with metals in liquid ammonia but preparative metal-ammonia reductions of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were apparently not described until 1951. In addition to affording a remarkable degree of stereoselectivity, many metal-ammonia reductions of unsaturated carbonyl systems can be preformed in a variety of functional and protective groupings and the reaction is generally free of the rearrangements sometimes observed when chemical reduction methods are used. The unique features of metal-ammonia reductions and related reaction have led to their wide application in total synthesis and transformations. Keywords: reduction; alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds; metals; liquid ammonia; dimerization; streochemistry; metal enolates; lithium enolates; experimental procedures
Queryagent : A general query processing tool for sensor networks

Sensor networks are promising in many applications; however, we have not yet seen its wide acceptance and deployment. We envision that a big obstacle to solving this dilemma is the lack of an easily usable tool for applications scientists to manage and use sensor networks. In this paper, we take an initial step to tackle this problem by developing a general tool to fill the gap between applications and sensor network protocols, which would also pave the way for the wide acceptance and deployment of sensor networks. Our approach includes two components: a general network programming interface abstracted from common usage patterns, and a transparent query to interface converter which will ease the burden on application scientists significantly. Using this automatic converter, application scientists need to use a high level SQL-like language for plugging and playing wireless sensor network operations. These two components will be integrated and implemented into a general query processing tool called QueryAgent. This tool also maps efficient sensor network protocols to different requirements of end-users in an intelligent way.
The beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, attenuates morphine-evoked hyperthermia in rats.

Background and purpose: Beta-lactam antibiotics are the first practical pharmaceuticals capable of increasing the expression and activity of the glutamate transporter, GLT-1, in the CNS. However, the functional impact of beta-lactam antibiotics on specific drugs which produce their pharmacological effects by increasing glutamatergic transmission is unknown. One such drug is morphine, which causes hyperthermia in rats, mediated by an increase in glutamatergic transmission. Since drugs (e.g. antibiotics) that enhance glutamate uptake also decrease glutamatergic transmission, we tested the hypothesis that ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic, would block the glutamate-dependent portion of morphine-evoked hyperthermia. Experimental approach: A body temperature assay was used to determine if ceftriaxone decreased morphine-induced hyperthermia in rats by increasing glutamate uptake. Key results: Body temperatures of rats treated with ceftriaxone (200 mg kg−1, i.p. × 7 days) did not differ from rats receiving saline. Morphine (1, 4, 8 and 15 mg kg−1, s.c.) caused significant hyperthermia. Pre-treatment with ceftriaxone, as described above, decreased the hyperthermic response to these doses of morphine. The effects of ceftriaxone were prevented by TBOA (0.2 μmol, i.c.v.), an inhibitor of glutamate transport. Conclusions and implications: Ceftriaxone attenuated the hyperthermia caused by morphine, an effect prevented by inhibiting glutamate transport. Thus this effect of ceftriaxone was most likely mediated by increased glutamate uptake. These data revealed a functional interaction between ceftriaxone and morphine and indicated that a beta-lactam antibiotic decreased the efficacy of morphine in conscious rats. British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1095–1102; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707309
Signaling in lipopolysaccharide-induced stabilization of formyl peptide receptor 1 mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

To identify the TLR4-initiated signaling events that couple to formyl peptide receptor (FPR)1 mRNA stabilization, macrophages were treated with LPS along with a selection of compounds targeting several known signaling pathways. Although inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases, MAPKs, and stress-activated kinases had little or no effect on the response to LPS, LY294002 (LY2) and parthenolide (an IκB kinase inhibitor) were both potent inhibitors. LY2 but not parthenolide blocked the LPS-induced stabilization of FPR1 mRNA. Although both LY2 and wortmannin effectively blocked PI3K activity, wortmannin had little effect on FPR1 expression and did not modulate the decay of FPR1 mRNA. Moreover, although LY2 was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of PI3K activity, a structural analog of LY2, LY303511 (LY3), which did not inhibit PI3K, was equally effective at preventing LPS-stimulated FPR1 expression. The mammalian target of rapamycin activity (measured as phospho-p70S6 kinase) was activated by LPS but not significantly blocked by LY2. In addition, although rapamycin blocked mTOR activity, it did not inhibit FPR1 mRNA expression. Finally, the mechanisms involved in stabilization of FPR1 by LPS could be distinguished from those involved in stabilization of AU-rich mRNAs because the prolonged half-life of FPR1 mRNA was insensitive to the inhibition of p38 MAPK. These findings demonstrate that LY2/LY3 targets a novel TLR4-linked signaling pathway that selectively couples to the stabilization of FPR1 mRNA.
Query by History Tree Manipulation

This paper describes a novel technique for refinement of search queries: query by history tree manipulation (QBHTM). QBHTM visualizes query histories by means of trees, and allows users to retrieve information by manipulating the trees. The Boolean AND operator is represented by the parent-child relation of nodes in the tree. QBHTM enables users to see the summary of the queries, and to compare them. This advantage is important for understanding characteristics of collections of documents.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM MUTANTS WITH ALTERED GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY

A number of glutamine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated and characterized genetically. Three of the mutations appear to be closely linked and are complemented by episomes carrying the glnA region of Escherichia coli. The lesions in these strains are approximately 20% linked by P1 transduction with a mutation in the rha gene, but are unlinked to ilv. Another mutation causing glutamine auxotrophy in strain JB674 is genetically distinct from the others. Strain JB674 grown in glucose medium containing ammonia as the nitrogen source has reduced levels of glutamine synthetase that is more adenylylated than in the parent strain, suggesting that the enzyme can not be deadenylylated normally. The lesion causing glutamine auxotrophy in JB674 lies in the region corresponding to the glnB and glnE genes affecting glutamine synthetase modification in Klebsiella areogenes. Four Gln+ revertants of JB674 have glutamine synthetase activities 4 to 6 fold higher than normal. One mutation causing this increased enzyme synthesis has been shown by three-factor crosses with the glnA mutations to lie near or within the glnA gene.
Service-Dominant Logic: Service as a guiding framework

Customers do not buy goods or services: they buy offerings which render services which create value … The traditional division between goods and services is long outdated. It is not a matter of redefining services and seeing them from a customer perspective; activities render services, things render services . The shift in focus to services is a shift from the means and the producer perspective to the utilization and the customer perspective. Evert Gummesson (1995) Introduction On learning about service-dominant (S-D) logic, some observers say that they agree with its axioms and foundational premises but ask the more fundamental question, “Why ‘service’”? That is, they ask whether “service” is the proper designation for and characterization of this “new dominant logic.” At times, the question has been explicit and, at others, implicit. This question of “Why ‘service’?” is a potentially critical issue, one that addresses the essential subject matter of markets and marketing and the purpose of business. On a broader level, it also deals with the fundamental nature of human interaction, on which society, markets, and business and marketing practices are built. Language is a form of joint action between actors that helps them coordinate thoughts and meaning and actions. In short, actions are at least partly driven by words and their (shared) meanings. Therefore, how service is conceptualized and the shared meanings we develop around the concept of “service” are crucial to S-D logic and its development and impact.
Spin density matrix of a two-electron system. I. General theory and exact master equations

We consider a scenario where interacting electrons confined in quantum dots QDs are either too close to be resolved, or we do not wish to apply measurements that resolve them. Then, the physical observable is an electron spin only and the system state is fully described by the spin density matrix. Accounting for the spatial degrees of freedom, we examine to what extent a Hamiltonian description of the spin-only degrees of freedom is valid. We show that as long as there is no coupling between singlet and triplet states, this is indeed the case, but when there is such a coupling, there are open systems effects, i.e., the dynamics is nonunitary even without interaction with a true bath. Our primary focus is an investigation of nonunitary effects, based on exact master equations we derive for the spin density matrix in the Lindblad and time-convolutionless forms, and the implications for quantum computation. In particular, we demonstrate that the Heisenberg interaction does not affect the unitary part apart from a Lamb shift but does affect the nonunitary contributions to the time evolution of the spin density matrix. In a sequel paper, we present a detailed analysis of an example system of two quantum dots, including spin-orbit effects.
Hopi Tradition as Jurisdiction: On the Potentializing Limits of Tribal Sovereignty

In this article I reconsider Hopi tradition as jurisdiction — reflexive moments of Hopi legal discourse that orient to the limits of Hopi sovereignty, even as they presuppose its power. I explore these themes in two significant moments of Hopi political history. First, I consider the uses of tradition in the creation of the contemporary Hopi tribe through the field notes of the US agent charged with drafting the 1936 Hopi Constitution. Then I consider more contemporary uses of tradition in recent Hopi tribal court cases that extended judicial power over matters reserved for local village leadership. Both instances suggest efforts to potentialize tribal power even as they orient explicitly to the limits of that authority. These traditions are thus, ironically, understood not as replaying Euro-American logics of nationalist totalities, but as indigenous sociopolitical actions that unsettle static representations of Hopi cultural identity and the sovereignty claimed through them.
Mutational analysis of the influenza virus vRNA promoter

Abstract The influenza virus vRNA promoter was characterized: a complete set of single substitution mutants was generated in the fifteen 3′ terminal nucleotides of a synthetic model RNA containing the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). The contribution of each nucleotide to the function of the promoter was tested by an in vitro assay. This system involves reconstitution of template (mutant) RNAs and purified viral polymerase; the system is primer-dependent and yields full-length complementary (c)RNA and not poly A-containing mRNA. The results of this in vitro replication assay suggest that (1) nucleotides 1 to 14 at the 3′ terminus comprise the promoter sequence of the vRNA, (2) not all the mutations in the first 14 nucleotides affect vRNA promoter activity equally and (3) changes in positions 2 and 11 have the greatest effect on this promoter activity. In addition, the template (mutant) RNAs were examined in an in vivo assay. This system involves transfection of plasmid DNA-derived template (mutant) RNAs into helper virus-infected cells and measurement of levels of CAT activity. The expression of template RNAs was found to be highly sensitive to mutations in almost any of the first 14 positions. Differences in the results of the in vivo and the in vitro system are possibly due to the presence of overlapping cis -acting signals which are required for replication of vRNA and the expression of mRNA. Deletion and addition of nucleotides at the 3′ end of the promoter resulted in a drastic reduction in template activity in both the in vitro and in vivo assays.
Observations on K-production in e+e− collisions

Abstract We examine recent K-production data in e + e − collisions in the framework of a heavy quark bound state model for the new resonances. If the rise in R is due to the production of new particles which are bound states of a heavy quark and an ordinary quark, we deduce that approximately half of the time the weak decays of these particles will contain a K-meson. Theoretical consequences of this fact are discussed. We also use the K-production rate at the ψ and ψ' resonances to calculate the branching ratio of these states to ϱπ and K ∗ K . The number obtained for the ψ, where it is measured, is in satisfactory agreement with experiment.
Explorations in neurobiology

Membrane Potential-Dependent Ion Channels in Cell Membrane: Phylogenetic and Developmental Approaches. By S. Hagiwara. Raven: 1983. Pp.115. $29.50.
Ideal orthodontic alignment load relationships based on periodontal ligament stress

Structured Abstract Objectives To test the hypothesis that periodontal ligament (PDL) stress relationships that yield resistance numbers representing load proportions between different teeth depend on alignment load type. Materials and Methods Finite element models of all teeth, except the third molars, were produced. Four different types of loads were applied, and the third principal stresses of different teeth in standardized areas of most compression were calculated. Based on these results, resistance numbers, representing the load proportions for each tooth derived from PDL stress, were determined. Results The third principal stress values for typical alignment loads in the areas of most stress were very different for different load types for each tooth. Differences in resistance numbers between teeth also varied with different loads. Conclusion Resistance numbers, that is, load proportion numbers between teeth to achieve similar stress at the compressive PDL zone, depend on the type of applied load.
The influence of donor age on renal function in transplant recipients.

To the extent that age-related declines in kidney function are caused by intrarenal alterations, donor age should affect glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after renal transplantation. Although some investigations have suggested that transplantation of aging kidneys may cause an increased incidence of primary allograft failure, the effects of donor age on GFR are unknown. In the present study, 201 patients who had allografts that survived for at least 24 months were investigated. The age range of the donors was 7 to 61 years. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that both donor and recipient age had significant, independent effects on creatinine clearance at 1 year, and at last follow-up, 5.0 ± 1.9 years (mean ± SD) after transplantation. The effect of donor age on renal function could not be attributed to differences in the number of rejection episodes, the frequency or duration of posttransplant acute tubular necrosis, age of the recipient, or other factors. Donor age had no effect on allograft survival, and did not affect the rate of decline in creatinine clearance between 1 year and last follow-up. Thus, these results suggest that donor age is associated with intrarenal alterations that lead to reductions in renal function after transplantation, but donor age may not affect long-term prognosis or allograft survival in the late posttransplant period.
Oxidative phosphorylation by plant mitochondria

Abstract It has been found that mitochondria of a higher plant, the mung bean, are capable of carrying on phosphorylation at the expense of substrate oxidation. In the system studied, adenylate is phosphorylated and this phosphorylation may be followed analytically by the disappearance of inorganic phosphate from the reaction mixture. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs with all of the oxidative steps of the Krebs cycle. In the system studied, one mole of phosphate is taken up and incorporated into organic form for each atom (one-half mole) of oxygen consumed in oxidation. The coupling of oxidation to phosphorylation may be severed by 2,4-dinitrophenol in the plant as in other systems.
CYCLZATION OF ω-HALONITRILES WITH ORGANOLITHIUMS

(1989). CYCLZATION OF ω-HALONITRILES WITH ORGANOLITHIUMS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 297-301.
The Design of Stagger-Tuned Double-Tuned Amplifiers for Arbitrarily Large Bandwidth

Double-tuned amplifier stages have a greater gain-bandwidth factor than single-tuned stages, and by stagger-tuning the double-tuned stages the gain-bandwidth factor is better preserved as stages are cascaded than if identical stages were used. This paper presents the results of a study which has yielded accurate design curves for the wide-band case permitting straightforward synthesis of maximally-flat.staggered pairs and triples. The theory leading to the design curves is described in the Appendix.
Assessment and management of patients with pulmonary disease.

Objective: Often, the critically ill are not optimized in terms of their chronic diseases and are with little physiologic reserves. Data Sources: This article contains a review of the pathophysiology of the major preexisting and chronic pulmonary disease encountered in the critically ill, such as asthma, emphysematous disease, and chronic bronchitis. It also includes a summary of other significant disease processes such as acute respiratory disease syndrome, cigarette smoking, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and the implications of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. When confronted with critical illness, the morbidity is magnified. Close observation of patients for evidence that the underlying disease may complicate their pulmonary status, and vice versa, creates an environment where the whole patient can heal and recover from illness. Conclusion: The aim of the intensive care unit team should be recognition of the patient at risk, use of necessary therapies (i.e., bronchodilators) as early as feasible, and treatment titrated to realistic endpoints as the acute illness progresses and subsequently resolves.
Decidability of string graphs

We show that string graphs can be recognized in nondeterministic exponential time by giving an exponential upper bound on the number of intersections for a drawing realizing the string graph in the plane. This upper bound confirms a conjecture by Kratochv\'{\i}l and Matou\v{s}ek~\cite{KM91} and settles the long-standing open problem of the decidability of string graph recognition (Sinden~\cite{S66}, Graham~\cite{G76}). Finally we show how to apply the result to solve another old open problem: deciding the existence of Euler diagrams, a central problem of topological inference (Grigni, Papadias, Papadimitriou~\cite{GPP95}).
NMDA Receptors Subserve Persistent Neuronal Firing during Working Memory in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Neurons in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) generate persistent firing in the absence of sensory stimulation, the foundation of mental representation. Persistent firing arises from recurrent excitation within a network of pyramidal Delay cells. Here, we examined glutamate receptor influences underlying persistent firing in primate dlPFC during a spatial working memory task. Computational models predicted dependence on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) NR2B stimulation, and Delay cell persistent firing was abolished by local NR2B NMDAR blockade or by systemic ketamine administration. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) contributed background depolarization to sustain network firing. In contrast, many Response cells were sensitive to AMPAR blockade and increased firing after systemic ketamine, indicating that models of ketamine actions should be refined to reflect neuronal heterogeneity. The reliance of Delay cells on NMDAR may explain why insults to NMDARs in schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease profoundly impair cognition.
MEASUREMENT OF INFLUENZA VIRUS-ANTIBODY REACTION BY QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Measurement of the weight of individual virus particles from untreated and antibody-treated populations was made by quantitative electron microscopy. The weight of antibody bound depended on the concentration of antibody in solution. One population of viruses exposed to an antibody concentration which resulted in 95% inhibition of hemagglutination showed a mass increase of 55%, corresponding to an absolute increase of 9.0 x 10-17 g in the median value. Another population, whose hemagglutination inhibition assay was 64%, showed a 39% increase in mass corresponding to an absolute median increase of 7.3 x 10-17 g. The larger viruses in each population bound a greater absolute amount of antibody than did the smaller ones, but the latter bound relatively more antibody in proportion to their mass. No cross-reactivity was found between the antibody to influenza A/PR8 and the influenza strain B/LEE. Influenza A/PR8 controls exposed to nonspecific gamma-globulin displayed a significant weight loss, at least in part owing to loss from the core, as judged from the electron micrographs.
Treatment of urethral stricture by free full-thickness skin graft (Devine) urethroplasty

Eighteen patients with urethral stricture were treated with Devine urethroplasty and were followed for a period of nine to thirty-six months. There was one failure, and 15 patients had good or excellent results with one operative procedure. A second surgical procedure was performed in two patients with a good end-result. The procedure is applicable to strictures of any length and may be used for strictures in the anterior and bulbous urethra. It may be used also for strictures extending into the membranous urethra.
Education and the science frontiers

THANK YOU for the invitation to come here and talk to you today. It is a privilege and a rare opportunity to talk to such a large group of men who, as engineers, devote their lives to making and improving products which serve mankind.
Are pro-social or socially aversive people more physically symmetrical? Symmetry in relation to over 200 personality variables

Symmetry on bilateral body parts indicates evolutionary fitness. Thus, traits positively associated with symmetry are thought to have conferred fitness in evolutionary history. Studies of the relationships between personality traits and symmetry have been narrow and have produced inconsistent findings. In our study, we relate both body symmetry and facial symmetry to 203 personality variables and to the Big Five. Our results demonstrate that (a) symmetry is related to personality traits beyond chance, (b) socially aversive traits, such as aggression and Neuroticism are positively related to symmetry, and (c) pro-social traits such as empathy and Agreeableness are negatively related to symmetry. Such trait levels may developmentally adjust in response to symmetry or may be inherited with symmetry (i.e., dual inheritance).
Basic concepts of JIT modelling

The success of a just-in-time (JIT) implementation effort is dependent, partially, upon the availability of simulation and modelling tools that are both easy to use and adaptable for modelling real...
A Minisurvey of Interstellar Titanium from the Southern Hemisphere

We describe the results of a minisurvey of interstellar Ti II and Ca II absorption toward 42 early-type stars observed from the southern hemisphere at a spectral resolution of 4.5 km s-1. Results are also presented for the Na I ultraviolet line (3302 A) detected toward nine of these targets. We examine the dependence of the integrated column densities of N(Ti II), N(Ca II), and N(Na I) on distance, reddening, neutral hydrogen column density, and their Galactic elemental abundance. Our findings support the proposition that Ti II and Ca II absorption originates in the same regions of the pervasive, warm, and neutral intercloud gas of the interstellar medium. We have observed a correlation of decreasing Ti and Ca abundance with increasing line-of-sight gas density. The Ti II/Ca II abundance ratio has been found to be essentially constant under all the interstellar density conditions we have sampled. Thus, we conclude that the general absorption properties of titanium (and calcium) are similar throughout the entire disk of our Galaxy.
Joyce Family Values: Treason, Nationality and the Case of ‘Lord Haw-Haw’s’ Irish Cousin

The conviction and execution of William Joyce (‘Lord Haw-Haw’) for treason to the British crown remains controversial to the present day. He was not, however, the only wartime traitor in the Joyce family. His first cousin, the Irish-born Sergeant Michael Joyce, RAF, also volunteered his services to the Nazis while a prisoner of war in Germany, and arguably compromised himself even more seriously than his more notorious relative. In contrast to the avidity with which William Joyce was pursued, however, Michael Joyce’s crimes — which came to light as the trial of ‘Lord Haw-Haw’ opened at the Old Bailey — were efficiently concealed by prosecutors. The difference in the treatment of the cases of the two Joyce cousins not only sheds new light on the determination of the British authorities to secure a conviction against ‘Lord Haw-Haw’ at all costs, but also reveals the ambiguity and instability of ‘Britishness’ at a moment when, paradoxically, patriotism and national self-confidence were at their twentieth-cen...
DEVELOPMENT OF A SAUSAGE-TYPE PRODUCT FROM MINCED MULLET USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

A sausage-type product was developed in an attempt to increase the acceptability and utilization of mullet. Seventeen formulations using varying proportions of fish, soy, H2O, and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were prepared and analyzed for cooking loss, shear force, expressible water and sensory acceptability. A response surface analysis was performed to determine the optimum combinations of ingredients to produce the most acceptable product. Results showed that all the responses were significantly influenced by the water level (α < 0.01). Sensory ratings were affected by the soy level (α < 0.05), and the objective results were strongly influenced by the TPP level (α < 0.01). The analysis demonstrated that many combinations of ingredients could produce an acceptable product. The levels of each ingredient could be chosen according to economic or other considerations.
Smoking restrictions and spillovers across jurisdictions.

We use state-level data to estimate the demand for cigarettes and the determinants of smoking prevalence in the United States. The main contribution lies in considering spillovers from geographic smoking restrictions. Results show that price affects cigarette demand, but not smoking prevalence. Cigarette demand turns out be unit elastic and similar in magnitude to the border-price elasticity. Home-based smoking restrictions lower both cigarette demand and participation, while work restrictions only lower participation. Border home restrictions seem inconsequential, whereas border work restrictions have a marginally positive effect, especially on cigarette demand. Policy implications are discussed.
The indices of refraction of molecular-beam epitaxy-grown BexZn1−xTe ternary alloys

We have used a combination of prism-coupling, reflectivity, and ellipsometric techniques to investigate the indices of refraction, n, of a series of BexZn1−xTe thin films grown on InP substrates. After determining the concentrations of each of the BexZn1−xTe alloys using x-ray diffraction measurements, we measured their n at discrete wavelengths using a prism-coupler setup. In addition, we used reflectivity measurements to complement the prism-coupler data and arrive at the dispersion relations of n for the BexZn1−xTe alloys below their fundamental energy gaps. We then employed a rotating analyzer-spectroscopic ellipsometer to measure the complex reflection ratio for each of the films at angles of incidence of 65°, 70°, and 75°. By using the n values obtained from both the prism-coupler and the reflection-spectroscopy techniques to guide the ellipsometric analysis, we were able to obtain accurate results for the dispersion of n for the BexZn1−xTe alloys, not only below their fundamental energy gaps, but also above their energy gaps (up to 6.5 eV) using these three complementary techniques.
Hemodynamic and biochemical alterations in dogs with lymphoma after induction of chemotherapy

Background Doxorubicin is a common antineoplastic agent with dose-dependent cardiotoxic adverse effects, and pre-existing myocardial dysfunction is a contraindication to its use. Objectives To systematically define the hemodynamic and biochemical alterations in dogs undergoing chemotherapy for newly diagnosed lymphoma and assess the reversibility of these alterations with fluid administration. Animals Twenty-one client-owned dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma were evaluated 1 week after induction of chemotherapy. Underlying degenerative valve disease was exclusionary. Eighteen healthy age- and weight-matched dogs were used as controls. Methods Physical examination, blood pressure by Doppler, echocardiography, and biochemical evaluation (routine serum biochemistry, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations, plasma and urine osmolalities, and urine electrolyte concentrations) were measured in dogs with lymphoma and compared to controls. Dogs with lymphoma received crystalloids IV at 6 mL/kg/h for 24 hours. All variables were reassessed at 4 and 24 hours. Deuterium oxide dilution and bromide dilution were used to determine total body water and extracellular water space, respectively. Results Baseline echocardiograms showed significantly smaller chamber dimensions in dogs with lymphoma compared to controls. These changes were reversed by fluid administration. Systolic blood pressure and urine sodium concentration were significantly increased, and bromide dilution space, PCV, urine specific gravity, and urine potassium concentration were significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Echocardiographic and biochemical abnormalities in dogs with lymphoma appear consistent with volume depletion, and may be the result of systemic hypertension and subsequent pressure natriuresis.
Analysis of Rectifier Circuits

THE general principles employed in the analysis of rectifier circuits have been quite fully covered in the literature and are now well understood. However, there is not available a complete analysis giving the essential formulas in a systematic and unified form readily usable by the engineer. It is the purpose of this paper to present such a treatment.
Ultrastructural development and secretion in the salt glands ofTamarix aphylla L.

Abstract The functionally integrated Tamarix salt gland consists of four piled pairs of cells, the three upper pairs of which constitute the main secretory cells while the lower pair corresponds to the so-called collecting cells. The whole gland is surrounded by the cuticle except for an area in the common wall between the inner secretory cells and the collecting cells (transfusion field). Each salt gland originates from a single protodermal cell with typical ultrastructure of a meristematic cell. In the progress of gland development no remarkable ultrastructural alterations occur in the secretory cells up to the stage of secretion. Since the secreted salt does not react with osmium tetroxide, the stage of secretion was estimated mainly on the basis of the mode of development of the subcellular structures considered to play an important role in the secretory process (wall protuberances, transfusion field, subcuticular space, small vacuoles, and mitochondria).
Cancer vaccine with mimotopes of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.

The GD2 ganglioside, displayed by five carbohydrate Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4Glcβ residues attached to a ceramide chain that anchors the ganglioside in the cell membrane, is expressed on neuroectodermally derived tumors. GD2 has been used as a target for passive and active immunotherapy in patients with malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma. We have generated 47-LDA mimotope of GD2 by screening a phage display peptide library with anti-GD2 mAb 14G2a and reported that vaccination with the 47-LDA mimotope elicited GD2 cross-reactive IgG antibody responses as well as MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells to syngeneic neuroblastoma tumor cells. The cytotoxic activity of the vaccine-induced CTLs was independent of GD2 expression, suggesting recognition of a novel tumor-associated antigen cross-reacting with 47-LDA. Immunoblotting studies using 14G2a mAb demonstrated that this antibody cross-reacts with a 105 kDa glycoprotein expressed by GD2+ and GD2− neuroblastoma and melanoma cells. Functional studies of tumor cells grown in three-dimensional (3D) collagen cultures with 14G2a mAb showed decreases in matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation, a process regulated by 105 kDa activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecules (ALCAM/CD166). The CD166 glycoprotein was shown to be recognized by 14G2a antibody, and inhibition of CD166 expression by RNA interference ablated the cell sensitivity to lysis by 47-LDA-induced CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the vaccine-induced CTLs recognize a 47-LDA cross-reactive epitope expressed by CD166 and reveal a novel mechanism of induction of potent tumor-specific cellular responses by mimotopes of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.
Medial tibial stress syndrome: evidence-based prevention.

Abstract Reference: Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, Kimsey CD. The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(1):32–40. Clinical Ques...
Structure and stability of self-assembled monolayers

With unprecedented detail and accuracy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with high gap impedance reveals nanoscale molecular domains having several stable molecular conformations of alkanethiol monolayers self-assembled from alkanethiols on gold. Thermal annealing of the monolayers in air causes a small loss of molecules due to evaporation, but the surface remains defect free and stable because molecular chains can compensate for missing rows of molecules. The molecular packing of the unfunctionalized alkanethiols is dominated by the spacing of sulfur on Au(111). In contrast, monolayers made from azobenzene functionalized thiols show a packing that is dominated by the end group. The molecules expose the upper edges of the phenyls to the surface and allow detection of pair-wise aromatic interactions between end groups. Azobenzene as well as hydroxyl functionalized molecules have been identified by STM in monolayers of unfunctionalized thiols, which allowed studies of the stability of molecular patterns in such films. Our results contribute to a long-standing scientific debate on the structure and stability of self-assembled monolayers and provide the basis for an improved understanding of organic interfaces.
X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis of the structures of H3Re3(CO)11[P(C6H5)3] and H4Os4(CO)11[P(OCH33]

Abstract The molecular structures of H 4 Os 4 (CO) 11 P(OMe) 3 and the equatorial isomer of H 3 Re 3 (CO) 11 (PPh 3 have been analyzed by single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Both molecules have edge-bridging H atoms, with approximate D 2d and D 3h symmetries for the H 4 Os 4 and H 3 Re 3 cores, respectively. The average molecular parameters determined by neutron diffraction are as follows: for H 4 Os 4 (CO) 11 P(OMe) 3 , OsH  1.787(3) A, OsOs  2.966(4) A, OsHOs  112.2(4)°; HOsH  104(2)°; for eq -H 3 Re 3 (CO) 11 (PPh 3 ), ReH  1.822(8) A, ReRe  3.262(12) A, ReHRe  127.1(5)°, HReH  112.7(3)°. Final agreement factors for the neutron analyses, R (F), are 0.104 for H 4 Os 4 (CO) 11 P(OMe) 3 (2576 reflections) and 0.092 for H 3 Re 3 (CO) 11 (PPh 3 ) (2331 reflections).