cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and potential sputtering of an anorthite‐like glassy thin film

In this paper, we present measurements of He+ and He+2 ion-induced sputtering of an anorthite-like thin film at a fixed solar-wind-relevant impact energy of ~0.5 keV/amu using a quartz crystal microbalance approach (QCM) for determination of total absolute sputtering yields. He+2 ions are the most abundant multicharged ions in the solar wind and increased sputtering by these ions in comparison to equi-velocity He+ ions is expected to have the biggest effect on the overall sputtering efficiency of solar wind impact on the moon. Our measurements indicate an almost doubling of the sputtering yield for doubly charged incident He ions compared to same velocity He+ impact. Using a selective sputtering model, the new QCM results presented here, together with previously published results for Ar+q ions and SRIM results for the relevant kinetic sputtering yields, the effect due to multicharged solar-wind ion impact on local near-surface modification of lunar anorthite-like soil is explored. It is shown that the multicharged solar wind component leads to a more pronounced and significant differentiation of depleted and enriched surface elements as well as a shortening of the timescale over which such surface compositional modifications might occur in astrophysical settings. In addition, to validate previous and future determinations of multicharged-ion-induced sputtering enhancement for those cases where the QCM approach can’t be used, relative quadrupole-mass-spectrometry (QMS) based measurements are presented for the same anorthite-like thin film as were investigated by QCM, and their suitability and limitations for charge-state-enhanced yield measurements are discussed.
An innovative approach to better cardiac health through wearable technology

With the wide spread use of wearable technology, particularly smart watches equipped with multiple sensors, we find that smart watches are mainly geared towards fitness advocates in order to help individuals manage and track their respective athletic performance. What is less understood is the under-utilized data analytics potential of wearable technology. Most smart watches presently are making heart rate sensors readily available and commercially affordable. In this paper we explore how we can better utilize smart watch data analytics to further improve an individual's awareness of their cardiac health condition and use this data to potentially facilitate preventative behaviors, with the ultimate goal of this leading to the earlier detection of cardiac diseases.
Research on management system and technical standard system of wind power prediciton

It is researched the exisiting management system, technical standard system, and then analyzed related documents, such as management methods, specifications and regulations, examination method, of wind power prediciton in China. Finally, it is provided some suggestions on completing management system and technical standard system in the thesis, for future work in this field.
Progression of the Radiologic Severity Index predicts mortality in patients with parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory infections.

Background Radiologic severity may predict adverse outcomes after lower respiratory tract infection (LRI). However, few studies have quantified radiologic severity of LRIs. We sought to evaluate whether a semi-quantitative scoring tool, the Radiologic Severity Index (RSI), predicted mortality after parainfluenza virus (PIV)-associated LRI. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of consecutively-enrolled adult patients with hematologic malignancy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with PIV detected in nasal wash who subsequently developed radiologically-confirmed LRI. We measured RSI (range 0–72) in each chest radiograph during the first 30 days after LRI diagnosis. We used extended Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors associated with mortality after onset of LRI with all-cause mortality as our failure event. Results After adjustment for patient characteristics, each 1-point increase in RSI was associated with an increased hazard of death (HR 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.21, p = 0.0008). Baseline RSI was not predictive of death, but both peak RSI and the change from baseline to peak RSI (delta-RSI) predicted mortality (odds ratio for mortality, peak: 1.11 [95%CI 1.04–1.18], delta-RSI: 1.14 [95%CI 1.06–1.22]). A delta-RSI of ≥19.5 was 89% sensitive and 91% specific in predicting 30-day mortality. Conclusions We conclude that the RSI offers precise, informative and reliable assessments of LRI severity. Progression of RSI predicts 30-day mortality after LRI, but baseline RSI does not. Our results were derived from a cohort of patients with PIV-associated LRI, but can be applied in validated in other populations of patients with LRI.
Automated Approaches Towards BIM-Based Intelligent Decision Support in Design, Construction, and Facility Operations

The architecture, engineering, construction and facility management (AECFM) industry has been experiencing many changes since inexpensive networked, mobile computing devices have become ubiquitous. With the rising amount of information and data generated in the life cycle of capital projects, information modeling and data interoperability have become a critical element in design, engineering, construction, and maintenance of capital facilities. Recent advances in Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation (VIMS) have the potential to address a number of these pressing challenges. The objective of this concept paper is to discuss challenges and ongoing research in three areas of study in VIMS: capturing experiential knowledge in building information modeling (BIM)-based design coordination; 4-dimensional modeling for site-specific safety planning; and automating the BIM upkeep process in the facility operations phase leveraging deep learning and computer vision.
Retrospective single center review of toxicity and efficacy of a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen in patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer.

490Background: Conroy et al. (N Engl J Med 364:1817–1825, 2011) have shown significantly better overall survival with FOLFIRINOX compared to gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients (MP...
Speculation and replication in temperature accelerated dynamics

Accelerated Molecular Dynamics (AMD) is a class of MD-based algorithms for the long-time scale simulation of atomistic systems that are characterized by rare-event transitions. Temperature-Accelerated Dynamics (TAD), a traditional AMD approach, hastens state-to-state transitions by performing MD at an elevated temperature. Recently, Speculatively-Parallel TAD (SpecTAD) was introduced, allowing the TAD procedure to exploit parallel computing systems by concurrently executing in a dynamically generated list of speculative future states. Although speculation can be very powerful, it is not always the most efficient use of parallel resources. Here, we compare the performance of speculative parallelism with a replica-based technique, similar to the Parallel Replica Dynamics method. A hybrid SpecTAD approach is also presented, in which each speculation process is further accelerated by a local set of replicas. Overall, this work motivates the use of hybrid parallelism whenever possible, as some combination of speculation and replication is typically most efficient.
Immunology of Giardiasis

Most infections with Giardia are controlled by the host within a few weeks, suggesting the ability of the immune system to control the infection. Giardia induces a robust production of IgA in human and animal infections and it has been thought for many years that antibody was the primary mechanism by which the immune system exerts this control. Many studies have indicated that numerous other immune activities are also activated by Giardia infections and that these may also be important mechanisms for controlling the infection. Recent studies have begun to elucidate how the immune response to Giardia is regulated, both how the innate response to the parasite is activated and possible ways in which the parasite may have evolved to manipulate the host response. This chapter will examine what is known about the induction of innate and adaptive responses to Giardia and how they contribute to the control of infection.
AN EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER MODELS APPLIED TO TROPICAL CYCLONES

Four diagnostic marine boundary layer models were evaluated for applicability to the hurricane regime. The goal was to develope an operational method of estimating surface variables with research aircraft flight-level (500-m) data. To evaluate the models, we compared model wind speed with ground truth buoy and ship data from Hurricanes Eloise (9/22/75) and Anita (8/30-9/2/77) and with vertically stacked several-level aircraft data in Eloise (9/17/75) and Caroline (8/30/75). Three models estimated wind speed similarly, giving an error of 10%. Model results also included 10-m-level neutral drag coefficients which were examined and then compared to previous studies.
Dynamical Aspects of Cell-Matrix Interactions

Adhesive interactions of cells with one another, and with their substrata and surrounding matrices, are essential in the organization and reorganization of living tissues.1,2 The role of adhesiveness in building stable tissue architectures is easy to conceptualize. It is when we seek the physical bases of complex morphogenetic changes such as embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, or tumor invasion, that the more dynamical aspects of adhesive behavior, phenomena such as phase separation, wetting, and capillarity3,4, may be relevant. In this paper I will discuss the novel morphogenetic inter-action among tissue components that we have termed “matrix-driven translocation”5 in relation to earlier and more recent concepts of the role of adhesivity in tissue reorganization.
3 – Robust Multivariable Control

This chapter presents fundamental tools in the analysis and design of linear, time-invariant, continuous time, robust, multivariable control systems. It introduces a mathematical model of the physical process that needs to be controlled for control system design and analysis. The analysis tools include basic measures of performance, frequency response, and stability theorems. Linear quadratic, H ∞ and passivity-based control synthesis techniques are also introduced. The derivation of a mathematical model for a linear, time invariant system typically starts by writing differential equations relating the inputs to a standard set of variables, such as loop currents and the configuration variables. In some processes, it is possible to consider models with a single input and output (SISO) for which a vast amount of literature is available. In many other cases, it is necessary to consider models with multiple inputs and/or outputs (MIMO).
Graph Theoretic Concepts as the Building Blocks for Disease Initiation and Progression at Protein Network Level: Identification and Challenges

Protein networks that mirror the transitions between disease stages hold the key to early diagnosis and make it easy to understand the essential mechanisms of disease progression at protein network level. But, identifying critical transitions between disease stages and corresponding protein networks during the initiation and progression of a complex disease like cancer is a challenging task. This preliminary work identifies the possible building blocks for disease initiation and progression at the protein network level based on biological rationale that a group of proteins are localized at a specific subcellular location to accomplish a function, which could be beneficial to human body or adversarial to cause a disease. We discovered that three graph-theoretic concepts – i) Clique-like structures, ii) Bipartite-like structures, and iii) Diffusion Kernels could be possible building blocks for disease progression at the protein network level. Using these building blocks, disease progression can be modeled as an event-schedule-like structure, meaning that each of the disease stages corresponds to an event, where each event is completed by a set of proteins by forming a clique-like structure. Once an event or disease stage is completed by a group of proteins, disease signals go to the next group of proteins to cause the next event or disease stage and so on. The transfer of signals can be represented by bipartite-like structure and diffusion kernels can be used to find the strength of disease signals. Further study is required to fully explore the application of these building blocks to analyze the disease progression.
Characterization of adhesive yield criteria usingmixed-mode loading

AbstractWhile structural adhesives are used widely, relatively little is known regarding their plastic behavior. Few studies exist, for instance, to experimentally validate yield criteria for adhesives. The following considered adhesive joints under biaxial stress using an Arcan fixture. Adhesive strain was measured from the relative displacement of the adherends using digital image correlation. Two adhesive systems showed better correlation with a von Mises yield criterion in comparison to the commonly used Drucker-Prager criterion. The results were applied to a single lap shear joint, with mixed mode stress in the gauge section, which again showed better agreement with von Mises. The Drucker-Prager criterion, for instance, overestimated the yield stress by up to 11% while von Mises was within 2%.
In situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of 4140 steel laser powder bed fusion

Abstract An in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging technique was used to examine laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of a chrome-molybedum, AISI 4140, ferrite–bainite steel, from a moving laser source. Since 4140 has received only minimal attention in the AM literature, focus here was on the effects of melt pool dynamics, vapor cavity depths, build layer height, and the origin of porosity on the 4140 as-built microstructure. Four build parameter sets, which enabled variation of laser power, scan speed, laser spot size, and specific energy density (SED), were applied. Vapor cavity and melt pool depths were measured for each single-track laser scan. Direct imaging of the LPBF process demonstrated that the primary source of porosity in the build originates from incorporation of entrapped gas within the powder irrespective of build parameter set. High resolution SEM and EBSD demonstrated that the as-built microstructure did not vary significantly with build parameter set over a broad range of SED. The fast solidification rates observed (0.06–0.08 m/s) lead to fine martensite packet/block size distributions (1–3 µm) with the potential for increased material strength.
Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents. Although there are many similarities between youth and adult anxiety disorders, there are also important differences that must be considered. In this chapter we provide a brief background about anxiety disorders in youth and then discuss the anxiety disorders that are commonly seen in childhood and adolescence, how these disorders present in youth, and the diagnostic criteria and considerations relevant to these disorders. Our consideration is given to a discussion of treatment for these disorders, with a focus on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the two treatments that have garnered research support for their efficacy in treating youth anxiety. We then address important developmental considerations in the assessment and the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the topic of child and adolescent anxiety.
Outcomes of patients with submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma: a multicenter cohort study.

Background and Aims The treatment of submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains in evolution, with some evidence supporting endoscopic management of low-risk lesions. Using a multicenter cohort, we evaluated outcomes of patients with T1b EAC and predictors of survival. Methods Patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 with T1b EAC were identified from 3 academic medical centers in the United States. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were collected. Outcomes studied were overall and cancer-free survival. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to assess independent predictors of survival. Results One hundred forty-one patients were included, of whom 68 (48%) underwent esophagectomy and 73 (52%) were treated endoscopically. Most patients (85.8%) had high-risk histologic features. Thirty-day operative mortality was 2.9%. Median follow-up in the esophagectomy and endoscopic cohorts was 49.4 and 43.4 months, respectively. Patients treated endoscopically were older with higher comorbidity scores, with 46 (63%) achieving histologic remission. Nineteen patients (26.0%) also received chemoradiation. Five-year overall survival rates in the surgical and endoscopic cohorts were 89% and 59%, respectively, whereas 5-year cancer-free survival rates were 92% and 69%. Presence of high-risk histologic features was associated with reduced overall survival. Conclusions In this large multicenter study of patients with T1b EAC, esophagectomy was associated with improved overall but not cancer-free survival. High-risk histologic features were associated with poorer survival.
Reliability and Validity for Measuring Active Hip Rotation with the Clinometer Smartphone Application

Background: Accurate range of motion (ROM) assessment is an essential component of clinical practice to identify underlying deficits at the hip joint. Hip joint active ROM has been measured by goniometric methods in the clinical setting. More recently, the Clinometer Smartphone Application has gained attention for ROM measures. However, minimal research has been identified for the use of the Clinometer Smartphone Application™ for hip ROM. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine intrarater and interrater reliability of the Clinometer Smartphone Application™ as well as establishing its validity for active hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER). Methods: A concurrent test-retest reliability study was conducted using a convenience sample at three different sites. This study included 46 males and 30 females (n = 76) with an average age of 23.93 (5.37) years. Five clinicians measured each participant’s active prone hip rotation at three different sites. Three trials were measured with the goniometer and with the Clinometer Smartphone Application™. Intrarater reliability was assessed within one week for the five clinicians. Interrater reliability was assessed between three clinicians located at the same site. Results: The intrarater reliability of goniometer was moderate to excellent (ICC > .73 - .96) for hip IR and moderate to good (ICC > .76 - .89) for ER. Similarly, smartphone intrarater reliability was good to excellent for IR (ICC > .81 - .96) and ER (ICC > .77 - .90). The validity of the Clinometer Smartphone Application™ when compared to the goniometer and had a very strong relationship for IR (r = .94 - .96) and ER (r = .84 - .89). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest this application may be a valid and reliable alternative to the goniometer for clinicians when measuring active hip rotation in clinical practice.
Comparing different methods of gait speed estimation using wearable sensors in individuals with varying levels of mobility impairments

Wearable sensors, such as inertial measurement units (IMU), provide the ability to quantify gait parameters outside of traditional gait laboratory settings. Walking speed has been shown to be associated with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the ability of a clinician to easily and inexpensively measure gait speed within their clinic or patients’ home setting can improve patient management and care. This study highlights multiple methods used to estimate patient walking speeds based only on IMU data and minimal anthropometric data, and identifies the algorithm appearing to be the most robust; one relying on identifying swing phases of gait first.Clinical relevance— Providing a clinician with a simple, inexpensive and reliable protocol for measuring patients’ gait speed and other parameters could offer prevention and individualized care.
OPPOSING AND POLICING RACIAL INTEGRATION: Evidence from the Housing Choice Voucher Program

Over fifty years after the passage of the Fair Housing Act, how have mechanisms of residential segregation changed? Using a case study of a Los Angeles suburb’s reaction to Black movement through the federal Housing Choice Voucher program, I argue that policing should be considered among the contemporary forces of residential segregation. Through interviews with forty-three local residents, I show how one community’s reaction to voucher movement spans from attitudes to actions. First, I document widespread hostility towards Black voucher holders on the basis of their race, gender, and participation in the voucher program. Second, I trace how the city’s municipal code changes have responded to public sentiment and created an incentive to participate in policing. By attaching fines and incentives for landlords to evict tenants to broadly written and subjective nuisance codes, the city has created a pathway by which local residents can pressure unwanted neighbors out of the community. Third, I illustrate how some residents engage in participatory policing by surveilling neighbors they believe are using vouchers and dispatching city and police agencies to inspect, fine, and possibly evict these targets. These findings illustrate how communities can use policing to racially segregate space, how eviction might be communally produced, and how local opposition to Black movement breaks the pathway between residential mobility and socio-economic gains that underlies the voucher program.
The Visual Analytics and Data Exploration Research Lab at Arizona State University

Abstract This article describes the research agenda for the Visual Analytics and Data Exploration Research (VADER) Lab at Arizona State University. Over the past decade, the VADER Lab has focused on creating novel algorithms, tools and visualizations for spatiotemporal data. This article will highlight past success in spatiotemporal analysis, explainable AI, graph mining, and mathematical topology. While, at first, these topics seem largely disjoint, we will describe how the underpinnings of spatiotemporal analysis has informed the various research directions in the VADER Lab, and how this research agenda has served to form a network of strong international collaborations. Finally, we will outline a vision for the Lab’s future research.
The lived experiences of families of an adult community-dwelling person who uses drugs: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize available evidence related to the lived experiences of families with an adult community-dwelling person who uses drugs. INTRODUCTION The stigma experience of persons who use drugs is documented in the literature, yet little is known about the families' lived experience with a loved one who uses drugs. While often identified as an important adjunct to treatment, evidence regarding the families' lived experiences relevant to their psychosocial, physical, mental, and family health needs has received less attention. The stigma, as well as other experiences associated with a family member's substance use, warrants further investigation. This review seeks to understand the lived experiences of families with an adult community-dwelling person who uses drugs as documented within the literature. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies published in English that include families of an adult community-dwelling person who uses drugs, from any race or geographical location, and that focus on qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and feminist research will be included in the review. METHODS Information sources to be searched are CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, and Scopus. A three-step search strategy will be undertaken. Included studies will be assessed for methodological quality independently by two reviewers, and findings will be extracted and synthesized. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020175645.
Comparative Economic History

We explore in this chapter a new direction in comparative economics: comparative economic history. Building on research by archeologists and economic historians, we survey some of the work on differences in institutions in the ancient past. We report on a novel data-gathering exercise on institutions in antiquity, finding two clear clusters: with some systems we call “statist” systems, like in ancient Egypt or China, which relied on some form of central planning in the allocation of resources, with very little private property, while other societies had thriving market systems with strong private property rights. The difference between these institutions in antiquity can be related to differences between individualist and collectivist cultures that play an important role in the modern world.
Experimental study of the effects of hydrogen addition on the thermoacoustic instability in a variable-length combustor

Abstract The current study examined the self-excited thermoacoustic instability of hydrogen/methane premixed flames using a variable-length combustor (300–1100 mm). The global dynamic pressure, heat release rate oscillation, together with the flame dynamics were studied. Results showed that both the hydrogen concentration and the chamber length were critical in determining the acoustic oscillation mode and instability trend. Low-frequency primary acoustic modes ( 40%). For primary acoustic modes lower than 200 Hz, the primary oscillation frequency tended to increase linearly with a rising hydrogen proportion. Heat release oscillation and flame dynamics analyses demonstrated that for the flame with large-scale shape deformation, the initial addition of hydrogen would intensify the heat release oscillation. Nevertheless, a further increase in the hydrogen level tended to inhibit the heat release oscillation by weakening the flame shape deformation. Eventually, a sufficient high-level of hydrogen addition would weaken the primary acoustic modes that have similar frequencies.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)-Associated Myocarditis

The observation of an association between the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the development of myocarditis is relatively recent. Despite the presumed low incidence of myocarditis, increasing use and the expansion of ICIs for treating different malignancies have led to an increase in the number of cases being seen in academic centers and the community. Any cardio-oncology practice must be equipped to recognize and treat this potentially fatal disease. The diagnosis of ICI-associated myocarditis is complicated and relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and biopsy findings. All patients with suspected ICI myocarditis should be admitted for assessment. Various treatment regimens have been reported with the mainstay of treatment involving cessation of the ICI and the administration of corticosteroids. The three cases presented below will highlight differences in clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and treatments followed by an in-depth discussion of these differences.
BB0562 is a nutritional virulence determinant with lipase activity important for Borrelia burgdorferi infection and survival in fatty acid deficient environments.

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi relies on uptake of essential nutrients from its host environments for survival and infection. Therefore, nutrient acquisition mechanisms constitute key virulence properties of the pathogen, yet these mechanisms remain largely unknown. In vivo expression technology applied to B. burgdorferi (BbIVET) during mammalian infection identified gene bb0562, which encodes a hypothetical protein compromised of a conserved domain of unknown function, DUF3996. DUF3996 is also found across adjacent encoded hypothetical proteins BB0563 and BB0564, suggesting the possibility that the three proteins could be functionally related. Deletion of bb0562, bb0563 and bb0564 individually and together demonstrated that bb0562 alone was important for optimal disseminated infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice by needle inoculation and tick bite transmission. Moreover, bb0562 promoted spirochete survival during the blood dissemination phase of infection. Gene bb0562 was also found to be important for spirochete growth in low serum media and the growth defect of Δbb0562 B. burgdorferi was rescued with the addition of various long chain fatty acids, particularly oleic acid. In mammals, fatty acids are primarily stored in fat droplets in the form of triglycerides. Strikingly, addition of glyceryl trioleate, the triglyceride form of oleic acid, to the low serum media did not rescue the growth defect of the mutant, suggesting bb0562 may be important for the release of fatty acids from triglycerides. Therefore, we searched for and identified two canonical GXSXG lipase motifs within BB0562, despite the lack of homology to known bacterial lipases. Purified BB0562 demonstrated lipolytic activity dependent on the catalytic serine residues within the two motifs. In sum, we have established that bb0562 is a novel nutritional virulence determinant, encoding a lipase that contributes to fatty acid scavenge for spirochete survival in environments deficient in free fatty acids including the mammalian host.
The Self Inside of Us: Biologism, Internalization, Quantification, and Science

Concepts of the Self and identity have pluralized over the past decades. Yet, there are core notions of Self and identity in western concepts that remain persistent: The Self is something “inside human beings.” It is the “command center” of our actions and the “core” of who we “really are.” It has “biological correlates,” and it can be treated in the “right way,” to allow us to “flourish.” In this paper, I want to throw some light on the origins of such a self in the western discourse and simultaneously question the notion of interiority, biology, and optimization that stems from this discourse. I want to show how a different concept of “science” as Wissenschaft can develop a critical stance toward such concepts of interiority.
Age, physical fitness, and mental processing speed

In the past 25 years, encouraged perhaps by the programs initiated during the Kennedy administration and by Kenneth Cooper’s book Aerobics (1968), interest in the benefits, both physiological and psychological, that accrue to individuals who exercise on a regular basis has grown tremendously. Indeed, the importance of incorporating a program of systematic exercise into one’s lifestyle is now advocated by organizations such as the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Department of Health and Human Services. Where in the early 1960s under the leadership of President Kennedy, the emphasis was on exercise in the early years of life, today’s recommendations are that all age groups, including the elderly, participate in regular, systematic exercise programs. The current rather ambitious objective of the U.S. Public Health Service is to have 50% of older Americans exercising regularly by 1990. This would represent a substantial increase from the 28% of people over 65 who reported exercising regularly in the National Health Interview Survey of 1985 (National Center for Health Studies, 1986). At that time, although 41% reported having walked for exercise in the previous two weeks, only 12% reported having done calisthenics, 5% biked and 1% jogged.
MO-F-304-00: Pqi

With the current Maintenance of Certification (MOC) requirement for a practice quality improvement (PQI) project every 3 years, we all (well, most of us) find ourselves searching for projects that are both manageable and likely to have a positive impact on our clinical practice. In this session we will walk through the use of the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle to address a common finding in practices where fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGI) are performed: variation in procedural doses among physicians. We will also examine strategies to secure physician support using carrots, not sticks. Learning Objectives: 1. Review the PDSA cycle and its application to PQI. 2. Discuss strategies for action in the example presented. 3. Examine strategies for successful group PQI projects. A. Kyle Jones: Owner, FluoroSafety Joseph R. Steele: Consultant, FluoroSafety
Meta-analysis for psychiatric research using free software R.

Summary This paper provides a brief overview of meta-analysis (MA) with emphasis on classical fixedeffects and random-effects MA models. It illustrates the application of MA models with the open-source software R using publicly available data from five studies on lamotrigine to treat bipolar depression and finds that meta-analysis identifies a statistically significant advantage of lamotrigine over placebo that was not evident in the individual studies.
Concerning the knowledge domain of anticipation – awareness of early contributions in the context of defining the field

The knowledge domain of anticipation is still in the process of being defined, and is therefore subject to controversies. Science was never an endeavour of consensus but rather of debate. This additional argument to the debate integrates awareness of the early Soviet/Russian contributions to a science of anticipation. From this awareness derives the understanding of why anticipation faces opposition from established viewpoints. This article ascertains that anticipation advances a fundamental view of the living. Within this view, anticipation is always expressed in action. Short of this definitory condition, anticipation fades into the grey mass of speculative predictive methods.
The primacy of mediated action in sociocultural studies.

After a brief overview of the reasons for using “sociocultural,” as opposed to “cultural‐historical,” “sociohistorical,” or some other term, it is argued that an adequate account of the agenda for sociocultural research must be grounded in the notion of “mediated action.” Drawing on the writings of Vygotsky, Bakhtin, and others it is argued that mediated action must be understood as involving an irreducible tension between the mediational means provided by the sociocultural setting, on the one hand, and the unique, contextualized use of these means in carrying out particular concrete actions, on the other. In this view, any attempt to reduce the basic unit of analysis of mediated action to the mediational means or to the individual in isolation is misguided. It is suggested that by using mediated action as a unit of analysis the human sciences will be in a better position to address some of today's most pressing social issues.
Preeclampsia and MicroRNAs

Preeclampsia is a critical gestational condition that threatens the life of both mother and child. One of the most serious aspects of preeclampsia hampering both clinical management and scientific understanding is that there are, as yet, no early warning signs or risk markers. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, offers potentially fertile ground for developing such markers. The current state of knowledge about miRNAs in preeclampsia is presented along with information regarding miRNA detection in peripheral fluids that could lead to minimally invasive risk assessment.
Markov Decision Processes

Markov decision processes (MDPs), an established framework for specifying task environments for decision-making agents, are valuable in the behavioral sciences as a formal description of sequential problems faced by animals and people. This article provides a mathematical definition of MDPs, an example application, an introduction to algorithms for finding optimal policies in MDPs, and a list of useful extensions to the basic model.
Quantum calculations of the IR spectrum of liquid water using ab initio and model potential and dipole moment surfaces and comparison with experiment

The calculation and characterization of the IR spectrum of liquid water have remained a challenge for theory. In this paper, we address this challenge using a combination of ab initio approaches, namely, a quantum treatment of IR spectrum using the ab initio WHBB water potential energy surface and a refined ab initio dipole moment surface. The quantum treatment is based on the embedded local monomer method, in which the three intramolecular modes of each embedded H2O monomer are fully coupled and also coupled singly to each of six intermolecular modes. The new dipole moment surface consists of a previous spectroscopically accurate 1-body dipole moment surface and a newly fitted ab initio intrinsic 2-body dipole moment. A detailed analysis of the new dipole moment surface in terms of the coordinate dependence of the effective atomic charges is done along with tests of it for the water dimer and prism hexamer double-harmonic spectra against direct ab initio calculations. The liquid configurations are taken from previous molecular dynamics calculations of Skinner and co-workers, using the TIP4P plus E3B rigid monomer water potential. The IR spectrum of water at 300 K in the range of 0–4000 cm−1 is calculated and compared with experiment, using the ab initio WHBB potential and new ab initio dipole moment, the q-TIP4P/F potential, which has a fixed-charged description of the dipole moment, and the TTM3-F potential and dipole moment surfaces. The newly calculated ab initio spectrum is in very good agreement with experiment throughout the above spectral range, both in band positions and intensities. This contrasts to results with the other potentials and dipole moments, especially the fixed-charge q-TIP4P/F model, which gives unrealistic intensities. The calculated ab initio spectrum is analyzed by examining the contribution of various transitions to each band.
Transport Phenomena, 2. Transport in Compositionally Uniform Systems

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Heat Conduction in Solids 2.1. Heat Conduction Equations 2.2. Initial and Boundary Conditions 2.3. Steady, One-Dimensional Conduction 2.3.1. Conduction With Convective Boundary Conditions 2.3.2. Composite Systems 2.4. Steady Conduction with Heat Generation and in Multidimensions 2.5. Transient Heat Conduction — Lumped Capacity Systems 2.5.1. Transient Heat Conduction — More General Solutions 3. Steady, One-Dimensional Momentum Transfer 3.1. Generalized Couette Flow 3.2. One-Dimensional Poiseuille Flows 3.2.1. Flow in Channels of Arbitrary Cross Section 3.3. Poiseuille Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids 3.4. Two-Phase Concentric Flow in a Tube — Segregated Flow 4. Multidimensional Momentum Transfer–Two-Dimensional Flows 4.1. Creeping Flow Around a Sphere and Other Bodies of Revolution 5. Flow in Channels with Varying Cross Sections — Lubrication Analysis 5.1. Lubrication Analysis of Slider Block 5.2. Lubrication Analysis of Tube Fed Sheet Die Flow 6. Coupled Momentum and Energy Transfer 6.1. Heat Transfer in Laminar Tube Flow 6.2. Momentum and Heat Transfer in Laminar Boundary Layers 6.2.1. Momentum Transfer in a Laminar Boundary Layer 6.2.2. Heat Transfer in a Laminar Boundary Layer 6.2.3. Free Convection on a Vertical Plate 6.3. Turbulent Momentum and Energy Transfer 6.3.1. Physical Characteristics 6.3.2. Time-Smoothed Momentum and Energy Balances for Turbulent Flow 6.3.3. Mixing Length Theories 6.3.4. Turbulent Heat Transfer in Tubes — Reynolds, Prandtl, and von Karman Analogies 6.3.5. Turbulent Momentum and Heat Transfer on a Flat Plate 6.4. Summary of Heat-Transfer Relations
Abstract 12053: Adenosine Triphosphate Sensitive Potassium Kir Subunits Implicated in Cardioprotection by Diazoxide

Introduction: Adenosine triphosphate -sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel openers provide cardioprotection in multiple models. Ion flux at an unidentified mitochondrial K ATP channel has been proposed as the mechanism. The potassium channel subunit Kir 1.1 has been implicated as the mitochondrial channel pore forming subunit. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that subunit Kir 1.1 is involved in the cardioprotection (maintenance of volume homeostasis and contractility) of K ATP channel opener diazoxide during stress (exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia) at the myocyte and mitochondrial levels. Methods: Kir subunit inhibitor Tertiapin Q was utilized to evaluate response to stress. Mouse ventricular mitochondrial volume was measured in the following groups: 100 μM diazoxide + 200μM ATP + Tertiapin Q (0.5pM, 10pM, 90pM, or 1,000pM). Mouse myocytes were exposed to Tyrode’s solution (5 min), test solution (Tyrode’s, hyperkalemic cardioplegia (CPG) stress, CPG + diazoxide, CPG + diazoxide + Tertiapin Q, Tyrode’s + Tertiapin Q, or CPG + Tertiapin Q), N=12 for all (10 min); followed by Tyrode’s (5min). Volume (mitochondrial and myocyte) and myocyte contractility were compared. Results: Tertiapin Q alone, or with diazoxide, did not alter mitochondrial or myocyte volume. Stress (CPG) resulted in myocyte swelling and reduced contractility that was prevented by diazoxide. Tertiapin Q prevented the cardioprotection afforded by diazoxide (volume homeostasis and maintenance of contractility) (Figure). Conclusions: Tertiapin Q did not alter diazoxide - induced mitochondrial swelling, but it did inhibit myocyte cardioprotection provided by diazoxide during stress. Because Tertiapin Q inhibits Kir1.1, Kir3.1, and Kir3.4, these data support that any of these Kir subunits could be involved in the cardioprotection afforded by diazoxide. However, these data suggest that mitochondrial swelling by diazoxide does not involve Kir 1.1, 3.1 or 3.4.
Approximating the Permanent with Belief Propagation

This work describes a method of approximating matrix per- manents efficiently using belief propagation. We formulate aprobability distribution whose partition function is exactly the permanent, then use Bethe free energy to approximate this partition function. After deriving some speedups to standard belief propagation, the resulting algorithm requires (n 2 ) time per iteration. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of using this approximation.
The junior college as a source of programming personnel

In many organizations there is a constant need for Junior programmers - those with the lowest amounts of experience (6 to 18 months) and salaries considerably below the salaries ordinarily commanded by programmers with three or four years of experience. The organizations which have been able to use this type of programmer to advantage usually have a large data processing department (50 or more analysts and programmers) with highly skilled and experienced systems analysts and system designers. The skill of the system designers makes the use of Junior programmers an economical and practical course of action.
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Microscopy of Ovarian Cancer

We report the new technique for quantifiable differentiation between normal, high risk, and malignant human ovarian biopsies based on combination of 3D Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microcopy and Monte Carlo simulation, where we comparatively utilize SHG depth-dependent profiles and bulk optical parameters. We determined that malignant ovaries exhibit larger scattering coefficient, μs, and scattering anisotropy, g, than normal tissues. The increased scattering is likely due to higher collagen concentration and fibril density resulting from increased cellular activity. Similarly, the increased anisotropy is consistent with the visual observation of remodeled and more highly ordered fibrils and SHG polarization anisotropy. The underlying structural dissimilarities also lead to significant differences in the measured forward-backward ratio of SHG intensity, which is the metric sensitive to sub-resolution structural effects (local packing of SHG-producing domains). We find that SHG from normal tissues is statistically more forward-directed compared to malignant ovaries, while the high risk ovaries show intermediate behaviors. Data from 100μm below the surface epithelium in the malignant biopsies trend towards the behavior of high risk and normal tissues, suggesting this method is a means of quantifying disease progression into stroma.Monte Carlo simulations of the photon propagation confirm our experimental data. Here we include the directionality of initially emitted SHG, which is more forward-directed in normal ovaries. Based on our recently developed model using quasi-phase matching conditions relating SHG emission directionality to tissue structure, this finding is consistent with the collagen fibrillar assembly determined through electron microscopy.
Drought 2002 in Colorado: An unprecedented drought or a routine drought?

The 2002 drought in Colorado was reported by the media and by public figures, and even by a national drought-monitoring agency, as an exceptionally severe drought. In this paper we examine evidence for this claim. Our study shows that, while the impacts of water shortages were exceptional everywhere, the observed precipitation deficit was less than extreme over a good fraction of the state. A likely explanation of this discrepancy is the imbalance between water supply and water demand over time. For a given level of water supply, water shortages become intensified as water demands increase over time. The sobering conclusion is that Colorado is more vulnerable to drought today than under similar precipitation deficits in the past.
Gold Nanoparticle Labeling Based ICP-MS Detection/Measurement of Bacteria, and Their Quantitative Photothermal Destruction

Bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli present a great challenge in public health care in today's society. Protection of public safety against bacterial contamination and rapid diagnosis of infection require simple and fast assays for the detection and elimination of bacterial pathogens. After utilizing Salmonella DT104 as an example bacterial strain for our investigation, we report a rapid and sensitive assay for the qualitative and quantitative detection of bacteria by using antibody affinity binding, popcorn shaped gold nanoparticle (GNPOPs) labeling, surfance enchanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. For qualitative analysis, our assay can detect Salmonella within 10 min by Raman spectroscopy; for quantitative analysis, our assay has the ability to measure as few as 100 Salmonella DT104 in a 1 mL sample (100 CFU/mL) within 40 min. Based on the quantitative detection, we investigated the quantitative destruction of Salmonella DT104, and the assay's photothermal efficiency in order to reduce the amount of GNPOPs in the assay to ultimately to eliminate any potential side effects/toxicity to the surrounding cells in vivo. Results suggest that our assay may serve as a promising candidate for qualitative and quantitative detection and elimination of a variety of bacterial pathogens.
Protein structure and freeze-drying: The effects of residual moisture and gases

Abstract The drying of biologic materials by sublimation of ice in vacuo is not a single, simple process. The final product obtained is a function of the chemical and physical nature of the macromolecules present, the kinds and amounts of water molecules and their relation to the types and kinds of macromolecules, the influence of water on the conformation of the macromolecules, the gaseous environment in which dried preparations are placed and the physical principles regulating the process of freeze-drying.
Bragg amplification and oscillation in periodic optical media

Abstract The presence of gain in a periodic optical medium causes a fundamental change of the propagation behavior near the Bragg regime. The usual evanescent decay turns into exponential amplification. Some implications of this behavior are discussed.