cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coferent dynamics in biomolecular systems

Abstract Some of the difficulties in developing fundamental concepts and principles for the dynamical of molecular-level biology are discussed. Use is made of similarities between physical processes involved in biomolecular mechanisms and those encountered in molecular spectroscopy. Concepts and properties common to both are pointed out; and it is shown how the approach we used for developing reduced subsystem equations for spectroscopic processes is applicable also for biomolecular processes. Important features include (1) a fundamental dichotomy leading to the dissipative and coherent limits of subsystem dynamics and (2) the distinction between equilibrium diffusion and nonequilibrium flow in phase (Hilbert) space. The concept of Macromolecule Activation (MAC) Cycles as a fundamental entity in biomolecular mechanisms is presented. Conjectures are made regarding both the thermodynamic and quantum mechanical nature of MAC cycles. The α-helix soliton model of Davydov, Careri, and Scott is reformulated without using the assumptions that produce the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Calculations show that the soliton does not exist in the α-helix; rather, the exciton migrates more in accord with the dissipative limit.
On-Line Calibration Technique for Laser Diffraction Droplet Sizing Instruments

Laser diffraction (forward scattering) methods for sizing fuel spray droplets in gas turbine applications have been utilized for many years, but a continuing inconvenience with these and all particle sizing techniques is the problem of calibration. This paper discusses the use of photomask reticles to provide a simple, reproducible calibration standard for particle/droplet sizing instruments based on diffraction or imaging methods. Experimental results obtained with prototype standards are presented as well.Copyright © 1983 by ASME
Mechanisms of Action of the Implantable Gastric Stimulator for Obesity

An implantable gastric stimulator (IGS®) has been used for the treatment of obesity with promising results. However, possible mechanisms involved with the treatment of obesity using an IGS are not well understood. According to recent clinical and basic studies, it seems that an IGS reduces appetite and increases satiety, attributed to its inhibitory effects on gastric motility and its direct effects on the central nervous system and hormones related to satiety and/or appetite. It has been indicated that chronic gastric stimulation impairs intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity in the fed state, induces gastric distention in the fasting state and inhibits postprandial antral contractions. The impairment of gastric myoelectrical activity and contractions is associated with impaired digestion and emptying of the stomach, which may lead to early satiety and reduced food intake. The induction of gastric distention in the fasting state results in activation of stretch receptors, causing satiety. It has also been shown that an IGS may have direct regulatory effects on the central nervous system and certain hormones. Modulation of neuronal activities and release of certain hormones with an IGS may also explain the reduction of appetite and the increase of satiety.
Adoption of Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Population Based Study in American Urology Practice

Introduction In several developed countries intermittent androgen deprivation therapy has been accepted over continuous androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer management. To our knowledge its adoption and predictors of use in American urology practice remain unknown.
Tethering small molecules to a phage display library: discovery of a selective bivalent inhibitor of protein kinase A.

We report a noncovalent tethering methodology for the fragment-based selection of bivalent ligands targeting protein kinases. In this approach, a small-molecule warhead, staurosporine, directs a phage display cyclic peptide library to the active site of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), allowing for targeted library enrichment. A cyclic peptide discovered through this selection, when covalently attached to a staurosporine derivative, displayed a 90-fold increase in affinity for PKA. Moreover, the bivalent inhibitor was shown to be significantly more selective than the starting warhead when tested against a small panel of kinases. Thus our general methodology allows for covalent linkage of known small-molecule ligands to biological libraries for discovering potent bivalent inhibitors of biological targets.
‘MON AMI TOMBA MALADE, JE LE TRAITAI, IL MOURUT, JE LE DISSÉQUAI.’ (DIDEROT, SATIRE PREMIÈRE)

Le statut du Dr Ferrein dans l'anecdote de la Satire Premiere de Diderot et sa situation dans le contexte social et scientifique
A logarithmic complexity divide-and-conquer algorithm for multi-flexible-body dynamics including large deformations

A new algorithm is presented for the modeling and simulation of multi-flexible-body systems. This algorithm is built upon a divide-and-conquer-based multibody dynamics framework, and it is capable of handling arbitrary large rotations and deformations in articulated flexible bodies. As such, this work extends the current capabilities of the flexible divide-and-conquer algorithm (Mukherjee and Anderson in Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. 2(1):10–21, 2007), which is limited to the use of assumed modes in a floating frame of reference configuration. The present algorithm utilizes the existing finite element modeling techniques to construct the equations of motion at the element level, as well as at the body level. It is demonstrated that these equations can be assembled and solved using a divide-and-conquer type methodology. In this respect, the new algorithm is applied using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) (Shabana, 1996). The ANCF is selected because of its straightforward implementation and effectiveness in modeling large deformations. It is demonstrated that the present algorithm provides an efficient and robust method for modeling multi-flexible-body systems that employ highly deformable bodies. The new algorithm is tested using three example systems employing deformable bodies in two and three spatial dimensions. The current examples are limited to the ANCF line or cable elements, but the approach may be extended to higher order elements. In its basic form, the divide-and-conquer algorithm is time and processor optimal, yielding logarithmic complexity O(log(Nb)) when implemented using O(Nb) processors, where Nb is the number of bodies in the system.
Rapid increase of morphine and benzodiazepine usage in the last three days of life in children with cancer is related to neuropathic pain.

Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that children with terminal cancer and neuropathic pain require rapid increases of opioids and benzodiazepines immediately before death, we compared drug usage in the last 72 hours of life in children with and without neuropathic pain. Patients and methods Through the use of retrospective case analysis, pediatric patients with terminal cancer were divided into two groups: one with and one without neuropathic pain. Opioid and benzodiazepine dosages were recorded during the last 3 days of life. Results Eighteen patients were identified: 12 with neuropathic pain and 6 without neuropathic pain. In the neuropathic group, the average dose of morphine 72 hours before death was 231 mg/kg per day and increased to 380 mg/kg per day on the day of death (P =.009). The average benzodiazepine dosage 72 hours before death was 6.0 mg/kg per day and increased to 25.0 mg/kg per day on the day of death (P =.018). In the nonneuropathic pain group, the average dose of morphine and benzodiazepine 72 hours before death was 3.0 mg/kg per day and 0.08 mg/kg per day, respectively, and did not increase substantially on the day of death. Conclusions Dying children with cancer and neuropathic pain have higher baseline requirements of morphine and benzodiazepines and require rapid increases of both drugs in the last 72 hours of life than dying children without neuropathic pain. (J Pediatr 2003;142:373-6)
Characterization of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) in swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) miniature swine: serum hormone and endometrial estrogen receptor concentrations.

Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) female miniature swine often exhibit a pathological condition classified as cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH). Based on direct examination of the uteri by mid-ventral laparotomy five and four pigs were assigned to CEH and non-CEH groups, respectively. The serum concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined during a synchronized estrous cycle for both groups of animals. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the serum concentrations of E1, E2 and T during the estrous cycles of CEH and non-CEH groups. Peak (mean ± s.e.m.) level of LH of the CEH group was found to be significantly lower (P 0.05) during the luteal phase. The concentration of unoccupied nuclear estrogen receptors in the endometrium of CEH pigs was, however, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of non-CEH animals (32.5 ±4.5 vs. 105.8 ±11.8 fmol/mg protein, respectively). The dissociation constants of cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors in the endometria of CEH and non-CEH groups were similar. These studies indicate that CEH in SLA miniature swine was associated with lower serum progesterone concentration and reduced concentration of unoccupied endometrial nuclear estrogen receptors.
Storage and Retrieval of Multimode Transverse Images in Hot Atomic Rubidium Vapor

We report on the experimental realization of the storage of images in a hot vapor of Rubidium atoms. The images are stored in and retrieved from the long-lived ground state atomic coherences. We show that an image impressed onto a 500 ns pulse can be stored and retrieved up to 30 mus later. The image storage is made robust to diffusion by storing the Fourier transform of the image.
Interference effects in rotational-state-resolved collisional energy transfer between the A2Π and X2Σ+ states of CN

Abstract An optical-optical double resonance technique has been used to study transfer between specific quantum levels in the A 2 Π and X 2 Σ 2 states of the CN radical in collisions with argon. Specific rotational levels within the v = 7 A state vibrational level are prepared by laser excitation in the A-X (7,2) band, while collisionally populated levels in this vibrational level and the nearly isoenergetic v =11 level in the X state are probed by laser fluorescence excitation in the interleaved B-A (8,7) and B-X (8,11) bands. The collisional transfer rate from the relatively unperturbed N = 6 F 1 λ-doublets to the X state is comparable to or faster than that for pure A → A inelastic transitions. A significant alternation in the population of even versus odd N levels in the X state is observed, related to the near-homonuclear character of the CN-Ar interaction potentials.
Russell's construction of space from perspectives

In Our Knowledge of the External World1 and other early works, Bertrand Russell describes a program to construct the external world from sensibilia. Central to this program is Russell's construction of space from perspectives. In this paper, I shall examine this last construction. In section 1 below, I will describe Russell's constructive method; in section 2 I will discuss Russell's notion of a perspective; in section 3 I will describe Russell's construction of space from perspec tives; and in Section 4 I will present reasons of a technical sort for thinking this construction to be a failure.
Reliability of criteria-based content analysis of child witness statements: Response to Tully

Tully (1998) suggests that the quality of statements from child witnesses is likely to affect the reliability of criteria-based content analysis (CBCA) ratings. Recent studies suggest that this may be true. He also suggests that giving raters more latitude in their ratings, rather than less, might improve both reliability and validity. This is an interesting idea that is worth testing. Finally, Tully argues that CBCA and statement validity assessment (SVA), of which it is a part, are protocols rather than psychometric instruments. Therefore, CBCA should not be subject to the rigours of testing for reliability and validity. With this I must disagree. Language: en
Concentration of propoxyphene in human plasma following repeated oral doses

Abstract Propoxyphene hydrochloride was administered po to normal human volunteers. Included in the crossover study were po doses of propoxyphene napsylate equimolar with the doses of the hydrochloride salt. The concentrations of propoxyphene in the plasma of these subjects were determined periodically after each medication. The differences in plasma concentrations following these salts were small in comparison with those among subjects and among doses. It was, therefore, concluded that these differences had little, if any, therapeutic importance.
Highly selective {π}/{2} and π pulse generation

Resultats experimentaux d'impulsions a 90 et 180° obtenues en utilisant des formes d'ondes derivees des solutions de l'equation de Bloch-Riccati. Analyse theorique complete des resultats
The bovine 5' AMPK gene family: mapping and single nucleotide polymorphism detection.

The 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family is an ancient stress response system whose primary function is regulation of cellular ATP. Activation of AMPK, which is instigated by environmental and nutritional stresses, initiates energy-conserving measures that protect the cell by inhibition and phosphorylation of key enzymes in energy-consuming biochemical pathways. The seven genes that comprise the bovine AMPK family were mapped in cattle by using a radiation hybrid panel. The seven genes mapped to six different cattle chromosomes, each with a LOD score greater than 10.0. PRKAA1 mapped to BTA 20, PRKAA2 and PRKAB2 to BTA 3, PRKAB1 to BTA 17, PRKAG1 to BTA 5, PRKAG2 to BTA 4, and PRKAG3 to BTA 2. Five of the seven genes mapped to regions expected from human/cattle comparative maps. PRKAB2 and PRKAG3, however, have not been mapped in humans. We predict these genes to be located on HSA 1 and 2, respectively. Additionally, one synonymous and one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were detected in PRKAG3 in Bos taurus cattle. In an effort to determine ancestral origins, various herds of mixed breed cattle as well as other ruminant species were characterized for sequence variation in this region of PRKAG3. Owing to the physiological importance of this gene family, we believe that its individual genes are candidate genes for conferring resistance to diseases in cattle.
Statistical inferences accounting for human behavior

While giving subjective responses, a small fraction of respondents overstate or understate their true status. The extent of over (or under) evaluation and the proportions of such respondents differs from population to population. These biases alter the significance level and power of the commonly used tests. In this paper the authors determine the effects of these biases on the commonly used Z test, F test of Anova, and χ2 test for testing the equality of multinominal distributions.
The evolution of structural embeddedness and organizational social outcomes in a centrally governed health and human services network

This research examines the effects, over time, of network embeddedness, on three organizationally based social outcomes. We argue that in a centralized, publicly funded but mixed sector health and human services network, an organization's structural embeddedness in the network, as measured by its centrality, will be related to its trustworthiness, reputation, and influence, as rated by other network members, and that this relationship will strengthen over time as the system matures. We also examine how service performance is related to network evolution.
Multiple Exposure Holography of Moving Fibrous Particulate Matter in the Respiratory Range

The application of Fraunhofer (far- field) holography to the study of particulates in environmental situations is described. The use of the technique is illustrated with single and multiple exposure holograms of particles of ground talc containing both tremolite and asbestos. Size, velocity and behavior of the particles as they fall through air is obtained. Future uses of this technology are outlined.
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas, Waste Cooking, and Camelina Sativa Oils

Process parameter evaluation and catalyst performance study was conducted for biodiesel production using jatropha curcas, waste cooking, and camelina sativa oils. Conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters involves esterification and/or transesterification, depending on the nature of the feedstock. A two-step transesterification process (acid esterification followed by alkali transesterification) was employed to produce biodiesel from high free fatty acids (FFA) in jatropha curcas and waste cooking oils, and a single-step transesterifcation process (alkali transesterifcation) was used for camelina sativa oil conversion. Catalyst selection is vital in transesterification process because it determines biodiesel yield and cost. Transesterification of jatropha curcas and waste cooking oil was optimized by using H2SO4 and ferric sulfate catalysts in the acid esterification step and a KOH catalyst in the alkali transesterification, respectively. Heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts including BaO, SrO, MgO, and...
Bilateral meandering pulmonary veins

Meandering pulmonary veins is a rare clinical entity that can be mistaken for more complex congenital syndromes such as hypogenetic lung syndrome. We report imaging findings in a rare incidentally detected case of bilateral meandering pulmonary veins. We briefly discuss the role of imaging in diagnosing this condition, with particular emphasis on contrast-enhanced CT.
A Thermal/Nonthermal Model for Solar Microwave Bursts

A theoretical framework is developed for modeling high-resolution spectra of microwave bursts from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory which can account for departures from expectations based on simple thermal or nonthermal models. Specifically, 80 percent of the events show more than one spectral peak; many bursts have a low-side spectral index steeper than the maximum expected slope; and the peak frequency stays relatively constant and changes intensity in concert with the secondary peaks throughout a given event's solution. It is shown that the observed spectral features can be explained through gyrosynchrotron radiation. The 'secondary' components seen on the LF side of many spectra are nonthermal enhancements superposed upon thermal radiation, occurring between the thermal harmonics. A steep optically thick slope is accounted for by the thermal absorption of nonthermal radiation. If the coexistence of thermal and nonthermal particles is interpreted in terms of electron heating and acceleration in current sheets, a changing electric field strength can account for the gross evolution of the microwave spectra.
Hierarchical Large-scale Volume Representation with \(\root 3 \of 2 \) Subdivision and Trivariate B-spline Wavelets

Multiresolution methods provide a means for representing data at multiple levels of detail. They are typically based on a hierarchical data organization scheme and update rules needed for data value computation. We use a data organization that is based on what we call \(\root n \of 2 \) subdivision, where n is the dimension of the data set. The main advantage of \(\root n \of 2 \) subdivision, compared to quadtree (n = 2) or octree (n = 3) organizations, is that the number of vertices is only doubled in each subdivision step instead of multiplied by a factor of 2 n , i. e., four or eight, respectively. To update data values we use n-variate B-spline wavelets, which yield better approximations for each level of detail. We develop a lifting scheme for n = 2 and n = 3 based on the \(\root n \of 2 \)-subdivision scheme. We obtain narrow masks that provide a basis for out-of-core techniques as well as view-dependent visualization and adaptive, localized refinement.
Determining the appropriate scan rate to perform cyclic polarization test on the steel bars in concrete

Abstract Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization technique is a relatively non-destructive measurement that can provide information about the corrosion rate, corrosion potential, susceptibility to pitting corrosion of the metal and concentration limitation of the electrolyte in the system. The technique is built on the idea that predictions of the behavior of a metal in an environment can be made by forcing the material from its steady state condition and monitoring how it responds to the force as the force is removed at a constant rate and the system is reversed to its steady state condition. Applied potential is the force and is raised at a continuous, often slow, rate by using potentiostat. This rate is called polarization scan rate and is an experimental parameter. It is very important to choose the most appropriate scan rate, specifically in the complicated system such as reinforced concrete; otherwise the result does not reflect the corrosion behavior and the result could be an incorrect polarization scan and an incorrect prediction from it. In this paper, the effect of different scan rates on the apparent corrosion behavior is shown and a method to choose the appropriate rate is discussed.
Simulation Study of Advanced Variable Displacement Engine Coupled to Power-Split Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain

The simulation-based investigation of the variable displacement engine is motivated by a desire to enable unthrottled operation at part load, and hence eliminate pumping losses. The mechanism modeled in this work is derived from a Hefley engine concept. Other salient features of the proposed engine are turbocharging and cylinder deactivation. The cylinder deactivation combined with variable displacement further expands the range of unthrottled operation, while turbocharging increases the power density of the engine and allows downsizing without the loss of performance. While the proposed variable displacement turbocharged engine (VDTCE) concept enables operations in a very wide range, running near idle is impractical. Therefore, the VDTCE is integrated with a hybrid powertrain allowing flexibility in operating the engine, elimination of idling and mitigation of possible issues with engine transients and mode transitions. The engine model is developed in AMESim using physical principles and 1-D gas dynamics. A predictive model of the power-split hydraulic hybrid driveline is created in SIMULINK, thus facilitating integration with the engine. The integrated simulation tool is utilized to address design and control issues, before determining the fuel economy potential of the powertrain comprising a VDTCE engine and a hydraulic hybrid driveline.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Falling Cats, Parallel Parking, and Polarized Light

This paper addresses issues surrounding the concept of geometric phase or "anholonomy". Certain physical phenomena apparently require for their explanation and understanding, reference to toplogocial/geometric features of some abstract space of parameters. These issues are related to the question of how gauge structures are to be interpreted and whether or not the debate over their "reality" is really going to be fruitful.
Model for halftone color prediction from microstructure

In this work, we take a microstructure model based approach to the problem of color prediction of halftones created using an inkjet printer. We assume absorption and scattering of light through the colorant layers and model the subsurface light scattering in the substrate by a Gaussian point spread function. We restrict our analysis to transparent substrates. To model the absorption and scattering of light through the colorant layers, we employ the Kubelka-Munk color mixing mode. To model the scattering in the substrate and to predict the spectral distribution, we use a wavelength dependent version of the reflection prediction model developed by Ruckdeschel and Hauser. Using spectral distributions and ink weight measurements for transparencies completely and homogeneously coated with colorants, we compute the absorption and scattering spectra of the colorants using the Kubelka-Munk theory. We train our model using measured spectral distribution and synthesized microstructure images of primary ramps printed on transparent media. For each patch in the primary ramp, we synthesize a high-resolution halftone microstructure image from the halftone bitmap assuming dot profiles with Gaussian roll-offs, form which we compute a high-resolution transmission image using the Kubelka-Munk theory and the absorption and scattering spectra of the colorants. We then convolve this transmission image with the Gaussian point spread function of the transparent substrate to predict the average spectral distribution of the halftone. We use our model to predict the spectral distribution of a secondary ramp printed on the same media.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phenylpropenoid phenolics in sweetbay magnolia as chemical determinants of host use in saturniid silkmoths (Callosamia)

Host plant chemistry can play an important role in determining the evolution of host use patterns in herbivorous insects by influencing host selection, consumption, and assimilation of foliage. We used a comparative approach to test the hypothesis that specialist herbivores of sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) possess adaptations that allow them to overcome chemical deterrents or toxins that prevent herbivory by unadapted herbivores. The three silkmoth species in the genusCallosamia can be collectively regarded as specialists on magnoliaceous hosts; however, only the monophagousC. securifera is able to complete development on sweetbay magnolia, its natural host. In laboratory assays with intact foliage, bothC. angulifera and the polyphagousC. promethea fed readily on sweetbay but were unable to survive past the third instar. Two neolignan compounds, magnolol and a biphenyl ether, were found to reduce neonate growth and survival of unadapted herbivore species when painted on acceptable host leaves at concentrations similar to those found in sweetbay foliage. Both compounds significantly reduced neonate growth ofC. angulifera andC. promethea but had no effect on the sweetbay specialist,C. securifera, indicating that the latter species possesses the unique ability in the genus to tolerate, metabolize, or otherwise circumvent the phytochemical defenses of this host.
Front-End Design for Compact MIMO Receivers: A Communication Theory Perspective

The front-end is a crucial component in modern wireless communication systems. For SISO systems minimizing the front-end noise factor is optimal, and this also applies to MIMO systems with i.i.d. noise. However, for compact MIMO receivers that may exhibit spatially correlated noise, e.g., through antenna mutual coupling, the optimal design procedure is not clear. In this paper we develop MIMO low-noise design principles from a communication theory perspective by deriving generalizations of SNR and noise factor from various MIMO communication schemes. As one result, we are able to derive optimal matching networks for a bank of uncoupled amplifiers.
Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

We report the use of two approaches - mechanical force detection and diamond NV centers - to detect nuclear spins on the nanometer scale, with the ultimate goal of magnetic resonance imaging of individual molecules. Article not available.
The metamorphic history of the crystalline rocks in the high Himalaya, Nepal: insights from thermobarometric data

Abstract Many workers have applied thermobarometric methods to better understand the tectonic evolution of the core of the Himalaya in Nepal. Although the pressure and temperature data gathered from this technique have been useful in elucidating some of the tectonic history of the region, caution must be exercised when comparing such data against an absolute scale. The overall goal of collecting thermobarometric data from various locations along the strike of the Himalaya is to better understand the nature of large-scale structures, like the Main Central Thrust, and events, such as metamorphic events and granite formation. To carry out this goal, it is necessary to produce thermobarometric data that are comparable at different locations. Unfortunately, such a complete dataset for Nepal is not yet available, but preliminary findings suggest that the timing and nature of the MCT and a high-temperature, low-pressure metaphoric event vary considerably along strike.
Volatile/mobile trace elements in Bholghati howardite

Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U, and Zn by RNAA are determined in two kinds of material from the Bholghati howardite: a carbonaceous chondrite clast (BH-4) that originated by primary nebular condensation/accretion processes; whole-rock samples and clasts resulting from parent-body processes, especially igneous differentiation. Trace element contents in Bholghati whole-rock (matrix) samples and/or white eucritic clasts in it are high for an achondrite, and variable. These characteristics are indicative of random condensation of volcanic emanations admixed with preexisting eucrite, diogenite, and howardite layers in the HED parent body. Other HED samples show similar patterns, and the conclusion that these reflect extensive volcanism in an asteroidal-sized object is supported by other Consortium noble gas and cosmochronologic measurements.
The low-temperature structure of poly(di-n-hexyl germane)

The structure of poly (di-n-hexyl germane) has been investigated using X-ray and conformational energy analysis. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the polymer undergoes an order/disorder transition at about 15°C. The polymer is known to exhibit thermochromism associated with this phase transition. Below the transition temperature, the backbone conformation is all-trans and the molecules are arranged in an orthorhombic unit cell. Above the transition temperature, the backbone disorders and the polymer loses long-range ordering. Fixed bonding conformational energy calculations found the lowest energy structure to be a 73 helix, very similar to that found for poly(di-n-hexyl silane). Most probably, the observed all-trans backbone conformation is due to intermolecular interactions which force the germanium backbone to an all-trans conformation. In order to carry out the molecular mechanics calculations, non-bonded energy parameters for germanium atoms were derived.
Intentionality in Healing—The Voices of Men in Nursing A Grounded Theory Investigation

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and potentially modify or expand a previously developed theory: Intentionality: The Matrix of Healing (IMH) using a sample of men in nursing. Design: A modified grounded theory approach described by Chen and Boore (2009) and by Amsteus (2014). Method: Twelve men in nursing were recruited. Each was interviewed at least once and their feedback solicited to determine accuracy of interpretation. Results were compared and contrasted to those obtained from the earlier research with six female nurses and their patients. Results: Both groups viewed intentionality as different from, and greater than, intention. Intentionality reflects the whole person’s values, goals, and experiences. The men emphasized the importance of reflective spiritual practices, developing self-awareness, being aware of the stress experienced by males in a female profession, and the role of action in manifesting intentionality in healing. Conclusions: The theory is substantiated with minor ...
Stochastic Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis With Multi-Objective Optimization Strategies for the Synthesis/Design and Operation/Control of a PEMFC Fuel Processing Subsystem

A stochastic modeling and uncertainty analysis methodology for energy system synthesis/design is proposed in this paper and applied to the development of the fuel processing subsystem (FPS) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The FPS consists of a steam methane reformer, both high and low temperature water-gas shift reactors, a CO preferential oxidation reactor, a steam generator, a combustor, and several heat exchangers. For each component of the system, detailed thermodynamic, geometric, chemical kinetic, and cost models are developed and integrated into an overall model for the subsystem. Conventionally, in energy system synthesis/design, such models are treated deterministically, using a specific set of non-probabilistic input variable values that produce a specific set of non-probabilistic output variable values. Even though these input values, which include the specific load profile (i.e. electrical, thermal, and/or aerodynamic) for which the system or subsystem is synthesized/designed, can have significant uncertainties that inevitably propagate through the system to the outputs, such deterministic approaches are unable to quantify these uncertainties and their effect on the final synthesis/design and operation/control. This deficiency can, of course, be overcome by treating the inputs and outputs probabilistically. The difficulty with doing this, particularly when large-scale dynamic optimization with a large number of degrees of freedom is being used to determine the optimal synthesis/design and operation/control of the system, is that the traditional probabilistic approaches (e.g., Monte Carlo Method) are so computationally intensive that combined with large-scale optimization it renders the problem computationally intractable. This difficulty can be overcome by the use of approximate approaches such as the response sensitivity analysis (RSA) method based on Taylor series expansion. In this study, RSA is employed and developed by the authors for use with dynamic energy system optimization. Load profile and cost models are treated as probabilistic input values and uncertainties in output results investigated. The results for the uncertainty analysis applied to the optimization of the FPS synthesis/design and operation/control are compared with those found using a Monte Carlo approach with good results. In this paper, the FPS synthesis/design and operation optimization is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the capital cost and operating cost simultaneously, and uncertainty effects on the optimization are assessed by taking uncertainties into account in the objectives and constraints. Optimization results show that there is little effect on the objective (the operating cost and capital cost), while the constraints (e.g., that on the CO concentration) can be significantly affected during the synthesis/design and operation/control optimization.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Dual $pi$$pi$ partial-wave amplitudes. II. Asymptotic behavior

The integral representations, developed for the partial waves of the dual $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ amplitudes, are used to show that all the partial waves can be expressed as sums involving $s$ waves only, and to prove that the isospin-zero and -two partial waves are bounded by powers in the right half-plane of the energy-squared variable and diverge exponentially along any ray in the left half-plane, thus confirming the behavior conjectured by Tryon. For the isospin-one waves, the derived bounds agree with those of Park and Desai. It is also proved that the discontinuities of the isospin-zero and -two partial waves diverge exponentially along the left-hand cuts and those for the isospin-one case are bounded by a power.
Three Dimensional Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation for Beam Elements: Implementation and Applications

This part of these two companion papers demonstrates the computer implementation of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation for three-dimensional beam elements. Two beam elements that relax the assumptions of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories are developed. These two elements take into account the effect of rotary inertia, shear deformation and torsion, and yet they lead to a constant mass matrix. As a consequence, the Coriolis and centrifugal forces are identically equal to zero. Both beam elements use the same interpolating polynomials and have the same number of nodal coordinates. However, one of the elements has two nodes, while the other has four nodes. The results obtained using the two elements are compared with the results obtained using existing incremental methods. Unlike existing large rotation vector formulations, the results of this paper show that no special numerical integration methods need to be used in order to satisfy the principle of work and energy when the absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used. These results show that this formulation can be used in manufacturing applications such as high speed forming and extrusion problems in which the element cross section dimensions significantly change.
The scholar and the future of microfilm

The reasons for the failure of roll film and microcards to be fully integrated into library practices are examined and compared with present practices in microfiche systems. It is concluded that microfilm systems in the recently introduced form of the fiche will finally be integrated into library usage.
Mixed Modeling of a SAW Delay Line using VHDL

To aid in the development of SAW sensors for aerospace applications we have created a model of a SAW Delay line using VHDL. The model implements the Impulse Response method to calculate the frequency response, impedance, and insertion loss. The model includes optimization for the number of finger pairs in the IDTs and for the aperture height. This paper presents the model and the results from the model for a SAW delay line design.
Dielectric breakdown characteristics of a high current metal vapor plasma

Time- and spatially-resolved spectroscopy is used to study the early-time spectral features of the plasmas produced by h~gh~u~ent, capacitive discharges through thin silver films. Spectra are compared for several support gases including C02, He, and an Ar/O, mixture. Al1 measurements were made during the first 40 ps of the discharge. At atmospheric pressure for all three gases, spectra from support gas species show intense lines for only a brief interval between 10 and 30 ,us after the start of the discharge. Greatest intensity from silver tines always occurs at the film surface; while greatest intensity from support gas species occurs about 2.0 mm from the film surface. A magnetic field of a few kG normal to the electric field in the plasma and parallel to the thin film surface almost completely eliminates spectral lines from the support gas species.
In situ hybridization

Abstract Although several molecular biology techniques can be used to measure mRNA, only in situ hybridization (or in situ transcription) permit specific localization of DNA or an mRNA species within a tissue section or cell preparation. With appropriate fixation, mRNAs can be preserved and detected in tissue sections by using DNA or RNA probes labeled with radioactive or chemically modified nucleotides. In situ hybridization has been widely used in molecular and developmental biology to understand gene regulation in tissues and to localize the position of cloned genes on chromosomes. With the introduction of non-isotopic labeling techniques and commercial kits, in situ can be useful for detecting viral RNA or DNA or other genes of interest (like cancer-related oncogenes) in tissue specimens. The development of in situ hybridization is to molecular biology as immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining have been to protein biochemistry, enabling localization and temporal relation of specific mRNAs.
Effects of 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG), a sigma ligand, on local cerebral glucose utilization in rat brain

Abstract The 2-deoxy- d -[1- 14 C]glucose ([ 14 C]DG) method was used to examine the effects of the relatively selective sigma ligand 1,3-di- o -tolylguanidine (DTG) on cerebral metabolism in freely moving rats. Each animal received an i.p. injection of DTG (0.2, 1, or 5 mg/kg) or normal saline 20 min prior to the infusion of [ 14 C]DG. DTG induced dose-dependent changes in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in several motor and limbic structures. Most structures showed increases in LCGU, with a maximum effect at 1 mg/kg. The most profound increases in LCGU were observed in brain regions that are rich in sigma receptors. These included cerebellar and related nuclei (interpositus, lateral and medial cerebellar n., vestibular n., olivary n.), ambiguus n., superior colliculus (superior layers), hippocampus (CA2, CA3, DG), n, basalis of Meynert interpeduncular n., and the substantia nigra pars compacta and pars reticula. No significant decreases in glucose utilization were observed at any dose. Although the areas affected by DTG are similar to those previously reported for other sigma ligands 13 , future studies employing a range of doses for additional selective sigma ligands must be carried out in order to confirm whether these changes in LCGU were sigma-mediated.
Effects of salting-in interactions on macromolecule diffusiophoresis and salt osmotic diffusion.

Macromolecule diffusiophoresis (i.e., macromolecule migration induced by a salt concentration gradient) in water and salt osmotic diffusion (i.e., salt migration induced by a macromolecule concentration gradient) are two cross-diffusion mechanisms caused by macromolecule–salt interactions. We investigated the effect of salting-in interactions on the behavior of these two cross-diffusion mechanisms. Our results are distinct from those previously obtained in the case of salting-out interactions. Cross-diffusion was experimentally characterized by Rayleigh interferometry at 25 °C. Specifically, multicomponent diffusion coefficients were measured for a neutral polymer, polyethylene glycol (molar mass, 20 kg/mol), in aqueous solutions of three thiocyanate salts (NaSCN, KSCN, and NH4SCN) as a function of salt concentration at low polymer concentration (0.5% w/w). Our results on salt osmotic diffusion, which were qualitatively different from those previously obtained for salting-out salts, were used to quantitat...
Some problems on idempotent measures on semigroups

Essentially this paper does the following: In Section 2 it gives necessary and sufficient conditions in order that the support of an idempotent measure on a locally compact semigroup S , be completely simple. In Section 3 it proves that if I is an ideal of S of positive measure μ (= any probability measure), then μ n ( I ) strictly increases to the limit 1. If in addition μ is idempotent, then μ ( N -1 N ) and μ( NN -1 ) are positive for any open set N . In Section 4 certain compactness conditions are proven equivalent to joint weak*–continuity of the convolution of bounded measures and a limit theorem concerning the convolution powers (Cesaro sums) of μ is proven.
Oncomodulin is a macrophage-derived signal for axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells

The optic nerve, like most mature CNS pathways, does not regenerate after injury. Through unknown mechanisms, however, macrophage activation in the eye stimulates retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to regenerate long axons beyond the site of optic nerve injury. Here we identify the calcium (Ca(2+))-binding protein oncomodulin as a potent macrophage-derived growth factor for RGCs and other neurons. Oncomodulin binds to rat RGCs with high affinity in a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent manner and stimulates more extensive outgrowth than other known trophic agents. Depletion of oncomodulin from macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) eliminates the axon-promoting activity of MCM. The effects of oncomodulin involve downstream signaling via Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase and gene transcription. In vivo, oncomodulin released from microspheres promotes regeneration in the mature rat optic nerve. Oncomodulin also stimulates outgrowth from peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, oncomodulin is a new growth factor for neurons of the mature central and peripheral nervous systems.
Small angle neutron-neutron correlation functions for the 16O+27Al reaction at 220 MeV

Abstract Small angle correlations between two neutrons emitted at a laboratory angle near 45° from the 16 O+ 27 Al reaction at 220 MeV have been measured. The results show a positive correlation peak centered near a relative momentum of 7.5 MeV/ c . However, when restrictions are placed on the total momentum of the two-neutron system, the strength of the correlation function is found to be dependent on the total momentum of the two-neutron system. A possible anti-correlation is observed at low relative momentum for low total momentum pairs.
Marketing failed us again

“Oh no! The new marketing campaign had a lower‐than‐expected return. I guess marketing did not do its job! No more monies for that campaign, or perhaps others for that matter …”. Marketers hear this comment all too often. “Blame the agency (or the internal marketing department); it’s their fault!” Unfortunately, it is everyone’s fault, from the sales rep to the customer‐service executive to the top‐level managers to the marketing director to the receptionist. Unless your agency or internal marketing team understands and values the implementation and tracking stages as much as the fun strategy and creation phase, this scenario will occur more often than not.
Development of a System for Application of Dynamic Mechanical Compression on Intervertebral Discs in Organ Culture and Investigation of Load Magnitude Effects

In vivo studies on the intervertebral disc (IVD) indicate that the magnitude, frequency, and duration of applied compression loading results in alterations in mRNA expression, composition, and annulus fibrosus structure [1]. In vivo models typically use small animal models or small sample sizes that make it difficult to evaluate multiple dependent variables on the same tissue. In this study, it was considered a priority to utilize a large animal model to investigate the effects of magnitude of compression loading on interacting dependent variable measurements of disc cell viability, biosynthesis, composition, structure, and biomechanics. A bovine IVD organ culture system was used because it provides control over mechanical and chemical boundary conditions while maintaining viable cells and normal cell-matrix interactions. To date, there are no studies investigating the response of the IVD in organ culture to dynamic mechanical loading.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Uranium resistance of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The toxicity of uranium to several isolates of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was determined. Plasmid DNA of approx. 13±0.5 megadaltons was detected in four cultures that exhibited the highest resistance to UO2 2+. One isolate, TFI-7, always contained a 13 megadalton plasmid and was always resistant to uranium. Another isolate, TFI-13, showed increased resistance to uranium only after a long lag period during which the cell numbers declined 1000-fold when uranium was added to the medium. The surviving TFI-13 population was able to grow with no further loss of viability upon re-exposure to uranium and it contained a 13 megadalton plasmid. Upon subculture in the absence of uranium this resistance declined. Concurrent with the loss of uranium resistance, the 13 megadalton plasmid could no longer be detected. Attempts to cure plasmids by elevated temperatures and chemical agents were unsuccessful.
Pesticide Detoxifying Functions of N-Halamine Fabrics

Halamine structures incorporated on polyester/cotton fabrics were able to detoxify oxime carbamate pesticides that contain thio bonds rapidly upon contact. The reaction was endothermic, and the detoxification rate was in first order to concentrations of the pesticides. Aldicarb was degraded in a much faster rate than that of methomyl by the halamine fabrics. The reactivity of halamine structures was different, and imide halamine was more reactive than amine halamine. The detoxification was an oxidative reaction on the sulfur atom existing in both aldicarb and methomyl. The same halamine structures were unable to effectively react with carbaryl and carbofuran, which are aromatic carbamates and do not contain any thio bonds.