cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-Vehicle System Design for the European Union Emergency Call

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized the technical specification TS26.267 for in-vehicle emergency call (eCall) system with the support of European Union. The international standard aims to transmit the emergency data reliably and rapidly. This paper introduces the system architecture of the eCall system and the theoretical model of the eCall in-band modem. According to the system model and requirements of the eCall, an in-vehicle system (IVS) hardware platform is designed based on NXP i.MX6 processor and Linux operating system. A test procedure is introduced for the hardware platform. The IVS platform is tested and verified by pressing the emergency button to trigger an emergency call. The platform can also be used for the verification of the IVS chip design and research on the next generation eCall.
Measurement and immunophenotyping of pleural fluid EpCAM-positive cells and clusters for the management of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Abstract Objectives A malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with important staging and prognostic information. Patients with MPEs are often candidates for advanced therapies, however, the current gold standard, cytological analysis of pleural fluid samples, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive enumeration and immunophenotyping of EpCAM-positive cells in pleural fluid samples for the diagnosis of a MPE in NSCLC patients. Materials and methods Pleural fluid specimens were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC and the CellSearch® technology was utilized for the enumeration of pleural EpCAM-positive cells (PECs) and determination of PD-L1 expression on PECs from pleural fluid samples. The diagnostic performance of the enumeration of single PECs and PEC clusters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of PECs and PEC clusters on overall survival (OS). Results 101 NSCLC patients were enrolled. The median number of PECs was significantly greater in the malignant (n = 84) versus non-malignant group (n = 17) (730 PECs/mL vs 1.0 PEC/mL, p Conclusion Non-invasive measurement of PECs in NSCLC patients, using an automated, clinically available approach, may improve the diagnostic accuracy of a MPE, allow for immunophenotyping of PECs, and provide prognostic information.
Uncertainty Propagation in Power System Dynamics with the Method of Moments

In this work, we discuss a technique to propagate uncertainty based on the method of moments, where probability densities are propagated by means of Taylor expansions. Whereas the method of moments has often been overlooked in favor of Monte Carlo methods because of the difficulty of calculating higher-order derivatives, recent advances in automatic differentiation make it an attractive option to consider. In this paper, we present the basics of the method of moments and its implementation for the propagation of uncertainties in transient dynamic simulation. We explore the results of this technique applied to a test case and we discuss its limitations and possible enhancements.
Supercapacitors with electrical gates

Abstract Further increasing the capacitance of supercapacitors is crucial to a large number of applications in energy, communication and sensor fields. Most attention to date was given to the electrodes and the electrolyte with less attention to the separator layer, which in most cases is an electrically insulating membrane. Here we consider an electronically structured separator, which we call the gate. By depositing the separator with permeable layers of p-type and n-type, functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) we show that the capacitance of supercapacitors may be increased (in our case, by at least 15%). Additional capacitance increase is achieved for a gate that is biased between −0.1 V and +0.1 V vs Ag/AgCl (in our case, by 15%). The electrical energy, invested in a biased gate is fully captured as stored energy. Implementation to commercial supercapacitors is discussed, as well.
EVE SEDGWICK’S “OTHER MATERIALS”: for jonathan goldberg and michael moon, in appreciation

Abstract“Eve Sedgwick’s ‘Other Materials’” refers to a graduate seminar that Sedgwick offered at the CUNY Graduate Center entitled “How to Do Things with Words and Other Materials.” As its title suggests, her seminar advanced Sedgwick’s enduring “FASCINATION” with “MAKING UNSPEAKING OBJECTS” of all sorts, which elsewhere included the body’s organic and inorganic waste. Taking a cue from her teaching, I suggest that, while critics have extensively detailed Sedgwick’s contributions to literary interpretation, sexuality, gender, affect, and performativity, we should also appreciate her writings as theorizing queer material relations. This observation is pertinent given her rethinking of psychodynamic object relations theory alongside her creative writings on “THE WASTE PRODUCTS,” or the matter we ceaselessly produce. My argument thus anchors its claims in a close non-Kleinian reading of her poem “Bathroom Song,” which also offers an unforeseen take on paranoid and reparative idioms of psycho-material being. ...
Civic Development Among College Students at Southern Baptist Colleges and Universities

AbstractUtilizing data from the 2009 College Senior Survey, this study measured and compared social agency and civic awareness among undergraduate students enrolled at four types of institutions: Baptist, CCCU, Catholic, and nonsectarian. Comparisons were made through paired-sample t-tests and ANOVA analyses. A series of separate multiple regressions were conducted to compare the patterns and predictors of civic development across institutional types. The results indicated that, despite the many features religious colleges share in common, student outcomes varied significantly between institutional types. Furthermore, student characteristics and college experiences contributed to students’ civic development to varying degrees depending on the type of religious institution students attended.
An Update of Study of ALS Reversals: LifeTime Exposures (StARLiTE) (P1.4-018)

Objective: To provide an update on our study of ALS Reversals including lifetime environmental exposure correlates. Background: We have previously identified 38 cases of “ALS Reversals” (1,2). These cases are defined as patients whom initially presented with a progressive ALS-like disease and met El Escorial-Revised criteria for ALS. These cases of “Reversals” subsequently exhibited a robust and sustained improvement in their disease on at least one objective measure. We previously published a description of the demographics, disease characteristics, treatments and co-morbidities of these cases with statistical comparisons to the available control-arm data from the PRO-ACT database of ALS clinical trials (1). The National ALS Registry is a congressionally mandated survey that attempts to determine environmental correlates to the development of ALS. Patients with ALS in the United States are encouraged to complete this survey. Harrison D, et al. “ALS Reversals”: demographics, disease characteristics, treatments, and co-morbidities. ALS & FTD. 2018; 10.1080/21678421.2018.1457059. Crayle J and Bedlack R. Unpublished Data. Design/Methods: Approximately twenty contactable patients whom have had an ALS Reversal were administered the National ALS Registry survey. This is a 17-part survey that extensively assesses lifetime exposures to various chemical compounds through occupation, home use, and hobbies. It also assesses history of vigorous physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, head and neck traumas, electrical shocks, family history of neurologic disease, and limited aspects of past medical, obstetric, and gynecologic history. We will compare the data collected from this survey to the National ALS Registry survey data already collected from 1700 patients with presumably typically progressive ALS. Results: Comparisons between cases of ALS Reversals and patients with typically progressive ALS on a large array of environmental exposures will be available at time of presentation. Conclusions: We hypothesize that there will be differences in lifetime exposures between cases of ALS Reversals and patients with typically progressive ALS. Disclosure: Dr. Crayle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raymond MPH has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bedlack has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with ALS Association , Avanir, Neuraltus, Ultragenyx, Cytokinetics, Mallinkrodt and Brainstorm Cell. Dr. Bedlack has received research support from ALS Association, Motor Neurone Disease Association, Cytokinetics, Neuraltus and GSK.
Occipital Condyle Screw Placement in Patients with Chiari Malformation: A Radiographic Feasibility Analysis and Cadaveric Demonstration.

Objective Patients who undergo decompression surgery for Chiari malformation frequently require occipitocervical fixation. This is typically performed with occipital plates, which may cause intracranial injuries due to multiple fixation points. We undertook this study to assess the feasibility of occipital condyle (OC) screw placement as an alternative method of occipitocervical fixation in this patient population. Methods Using a cadaveric model with navigational assistance, we performed the complete surgical procedure for occipitocervical fixation with OC screws. We then performed a morphometric analysis using measurements from computed tomography scans of 49 patients (32 adult, 17 pediatric) who had undergone occipitocervical fusion with instrumentation following decompression surgery for Chiari malformation. Bilateral morphometric data were analyzed for the adult and pediatric subgroups separately, as well as for the overall group. Results The surgical procedure was successfully performed in the cadaveric model, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method. Ninety-eight OCs were studied in the morphometric analysis, and 80 (81.6%) met our eligibility criteria for OC screw placement. However, in 14.1% of adult OCs and 26.5% of pediatric OCs studied, placement of condylar screws would have been challenging or unsafe, according to our criteria. Conclusions Our findings suggest that OC screws provide a useful option for occipitocervical fixation in a substantial proportion of patients with Chiari malformation. However, rigorous preoperative analysis would be essential to identify appropriate candidates for this technique and exclude those in whom it should not be attempted. Additional study is warranted.
QUANTITATIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

A method for the complete separation and essentially quantitative isolation of individual components of phospholipid mixtures is described. The mixture is chromatographed in two dimensions on thin layers of Silica Gel G and the phospholipids are extracted from the adsorbent with a solvent mixture containing formic acid.
Age-related elevation of HGF is driven by the reduction of fibroblast size in a YAP/TAZ/CCN2 axis-dependent manner

Abstract Background Aged human skin is primarily attributable to the loss of collagen. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts as an anti-fibrotic factor by suppression of collagen production. In aged human skin, HGF is elevated in dermal fibroblasts and thus contributes to dermal aging (thin dermis) by suppression of collagen production. Objective We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of age-related elevation of HGF expression. Methods Collagen fibrils in the aged skin dermis are fragmented and disorganized, which impairs collagen-fibroblast interaction, resulting in reduced fibroblast spreading and size. To explore the connection between reduced dermal fibroblast size and age-related elevation of HGF expression, we manipulate dermal fibroblast size, and cell-size dependent regulation of HGF was investigated by laser capture microdissection, immunostaining, capillary electrophoresis immunoassay, and quantitative RT-PCR. Results We found that reduced fibroblast size is responsible for age-related elevation of HGF expression. Further investigation indicated that cell size-dependent upregulation of HGF expression was mediated by impeded YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation and their target gene, CCN2. Conversely, restoration of dermal fibroblast size rapidly reversed cell-size-dependent upregulation of HGF in a YAP/TAZ-dependent manner. Finally, we confirmed that elevated HGF expression is accompanied by the reduced expression of YAP/TAZ and CCN2 in the aged human skin in vivo. Conclusion Age-related elevation of HGF is driven by the reduction of fibroblast size in a YAP/TAZ/CCN2 axis-dependent manner. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which reduction of fibroblast size upregulates HGF expression, which in turn contributes to loss of collagen, a prominent feature of aged human skin.
The Communication Infrastructure as a Social Determinant of Health: Implications for Health Policymaking and Practice.

Policy Points Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life-saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation. Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue. Public investments and support for minority-serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.
Average Cost Brownian Drift Control with Proportional Changeover Costs

This paper considers the problem of optimally controlling the drift of a Brownian motion with a finite set of possible drift rates so as to minimize the long-run average cost, consisting of fixed c...
Fault Tolerance Implementation within SRAM Based FPGA Designs based upon Single Event Upset Occurrence Rates

Emerging technology is enabling the design community to consistently expand the amount of functionality that can be implemented within Integrated Circuits (ICs). As the number of gates placed within an FPGA increases, the complexity of the design can grow exponentially. Consequently, the ability to create reliable circuits has become an incredibly difficult task. In order to ease the complexity of design completion, the commercial design community has developed a very rigid (but effective) design methodology based on synchronous circuit techniques. In order to create faster, smaller and lower power circuits, transistor geometries and core voltages have decreased. In environments that contain ionizing energy, such a combination will increase the probability of Single Event Upsets (SEUs) and will consequently affect the state space of a circuit. In order to combat the effects of radiation, the aerospace community has developed several "Hardened by Design" (fault tolerant) design schemes. This paper will address design mitigation schemes targeted for SRAM Based FPGA CMOS devices. Because some mitigation schemes may be over zealous (too much power, area, complexity, etc.. . .), the designer should be conscious that system requirements can ease the amount of mitigation necessary for acceptable operation. Therefore, various degrees of Fault Tolerance will be demonstrated along with an analysis of its effectiveness.
Paired labeling with I-125 and I-131.

Studies are being carried out with antibodies which localize preferentially in particular organs and in tumors. Where these antibodies are fixed is determined by labelingthem with radioactive iodine and determining the localization of the radioactivity. If antibodies can be prepared which localize to a large extent in a tumor with little or no cross localization, it would be possible to use such antibodies diagnostically to locate tumors or therapeutically to carry physiologically active amounts of radioactivity to the tumor.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism

O’Brien has described the progress made in identifying lipid storage diseases as “enzymes to prevention.” (O’Brien, 1973). The lipid-storage diseases, called “lipidoses,” have been known since 1881 when Warren Tay, a British opthalmologist, together with Bernard Sachs, described a disease associated with the decline and finally arrest of cerebral development. Later on, this disease was named after the discoverers, Tay-Sachs disease. In later years, many diseases were reported in which there was an involvement of the CNS and also an abnormal accumulation of lipids. One exception to the above was found in Fabr’s disease, where there was no involvement of the CNS, instead, the peripheral nervous system was affected. The accumulation of lipid may not always be in the brain; for example, in Gaucher’s disease, the lipid accumulates both in the liver and the spleen. The nature of the biochemical lesion in diseases collectively called sphingolipidoses was traced to an accumulation of a complex lipid. The genesis and structure of these lipids is given below.
Analytical Effective Coefficient and First-Order Approximation to Linear Darcy's Law through Block Inclusions

We present an analytical form for the effective coefficient to linear diffusion equations such that the heterogeneous coefficients are periodic and rapidly oscillating and can be defined as step functions describing inclusions in a main matrix. The new contribution comes from using an analytical approximation for the solution of the well known periodic cell-problem. By defining a correction to the given approximation, the analytical effective coefficient, the zeroth-order approximation in $H^{1}_{0}(\O mega)$ and the first-order in L2(i¾?) are readily obtained. The known results for effective coefficient are obtained as particular cases, including the geometric average for the checkerboard structure of the medium. We demonstrate numerically that our proposed approximation agrees with the classical theoretical results in homogenization theory. This is done by applying it to problems of interest in flow in porous media, for cases where the contrast ratio between the inclusion and the main matrix are 10:1, 100:1, 1000:1, and 1:10, respectively.
What Information about Cardiovascular Diseases do People Search Online

We collected ten million CVD related anonymized search queries that direct users from Web search engines to the Mayo Clinic’s consumer health information website. Using UMLS MetaMap, we semantically mapped the CVD queries to UMLS sematic types and concepts. Based on the semantic type/concepts, we developed a rule-based approach and categorized 94% of the 10 million queries into 17 health categories.
Dementia undiagnosed in poor older adults with functional impairment.

OBJECTIVES: To identify variables associated with diagnosing dementia in poor older adults by comparing older people with dementia who were diagnosed by their primary care physicians (PCPs) with those not diagnosed by their PCP. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Community-based, in-home cognitive assessment program. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred eleven adults aged 55 and older with cognitive impairment. MEASUREMENTS: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), activities of daily living (ADLs), Mini-Mental State Examination, Short Blessed Memory Orientation and Concentration Test, and Clinical Dementia Rating. RESULTS: Alzheimer's disease was the most common diagnosis in this group of primarily African-American (73%) older people. Of the 411 participants, 232 (56%) were not diagnosed by their PCP. Participants without a previous diagnosis were older (mean age 81.7 vs 78.7, P=.01), more independent in IADLs (P<.001), and more likely to live alone (P=.001) than persons diagnosed by their PCP. Of the 201 who lived alone, 66% were not diagnosed with dementia by their PCP. Variables associated with PCP diagnosis were more severe cognitive impairment (P<.001), spouse caregiver (P=.009), younger age (P=.02) and care from a university-based PCP (P=.04). CONCLUSION: Persons with dementia who were older and lived alone were less likely to be diagnosed by their PCP. Although persons not diagnosed by their PCP had less cognitive impairment, they had substantial impairment in activities, including handling finances, cooking, and managing medications.
Estrogen monitoring and the prevention of ovarian overstimulation during gonadotropin therapy

Abstract The results of therapy with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) was compared in patients controlled by the development of fern formation with patients monitored by daily total estrogen excretion. The percentage of anovulatory cycles and pregnancies were high with both methods. There were less multiple pregnancies and cases of ovarian enlargement when estrogen monitoring was utilized. Of most significance was the fact that there were no cases of triplet pregnancy or cases of massive ovarian enlargement with or without ascites when estrogen monitoring was utilized.
In vivo imaging of GLUT4 translocation.

In skeletal muscle, both insulin and muscle contractions mediate translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane proper, the sarcolemma, and the specialized membrane channel netwo...
A micromechanical damage model of fiber composites with nonlinear interface: Bulk, tension and compression response

Abstract This paper describes a micromechanical model of the constitutive behavior of unidirectional fiber composites in which nonlinear behavior arises solely from the force-separation response of the interfaces. The direct method of composite materials theory is employed to obtain the effective property relations for a representative volume element while a local analysis of a solitary inclusion problem yields kinetic equations governing interface separation components. The resulting model, which involves no adjustable parameters, falls within the conceptual framework of continuum damage mechanics with “damage” variables that have a precise geometrical meaning. For equibiaxial loading the single damage variable is shown to be equivalent to the area density of voids surrounding the fibers. For complex planar loading more damage variables occur and these are shown to be the expansion coefficients arising in an eigenfunction representation of the average displacement jump at the inclusion-matrix interface. Local fields are determined by the dilute estimate and the Mori-Tanaka estimate assuming smooth interface response governed by a Needleman-type normal force-separation mechanism. Explicit results are presented for transverse uniaxial tension and transverse uniaxial compression loading of a composite reinforced by fibers in dilute concentration.
Radiation-produced aggregation and inactivation in egg white lysozyme.

Abstract Chromatographically homogeneous egg white lysozyme has been subjected under reduced pressure to 0.67-m.e.v. γ-rays. At 37% destruction of enzymic activity, three inactive aggregates and one partially active fraction have been isolated by salt precipitation and chromatographic procedures. The aggregates, upon reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol and reaction with iodoacetic acid, give derivatives with molecular weights of 12,000 to 15,750 in comparison with one of 14,500 for reduced carboxymethylated lysozyme. One urea-insoluble aggregate becomes soluble upon reduction and, after air oxidation, in dilute solution gives active enzyme in 15% yield. Mixed disulfides of cystine and this or other inactive fractions also give significant (10 to 20%) yields of active enzyme upon incubation with cysteine. Disulfide analyses showed close to the expected number of disulfide bonds in two of the mixed disulfide derivatives if one assumes no fragmentation but simply aggregation of lysozyme monomer molecules. Amino acid and disulfide content of the active component from reactivation of one mixed disulfide derivative agreed well with that found for the active component from reactivation of the mixed disulfide of native lysozyme. Thus a significant portion (15 to 20%) of radiation inactivation in solid lysozyme can be explained by the rupture of disulfide bonds followed by formation of "incorrect" intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat tissues.

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been prepared from the liver, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, kidney, epididymal fat pad, and brain cortex of the rat. Kinetic analysis indicated that all of these tissues, with the exception of liver exhibit complex behavior indicative of multiple enzymatic activities. The phosphodiesterase activities of brain cortex, kidney, and adipose tissue have been resolved on Bio-Gel A-1.5m gel filtration columns into three fractions. These are an excluded fraction, a high molecular weight fraction in which the enzymatic affinity for cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate is greater than that for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and a lower molecular weight fraction with a high affinity for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The lower molecular weight enzyme appears to be negatively cooperative. The muscle preparations have little, if any, of the excluded fraction which in kidney, adipose tissue, and brain has kinetic behavior similar to that of the lower molecular weight enzyme. Liver has no detectable phosphodiesterase activity in any except the intermediate fraction which has a molecular weight of approximately 400,000. This enzymatic activity has been purified 88-fold by centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and gel filtration. The potential for metabolic control through regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is discussed in view of the existence of at least two distinct enzymatic activities in all of tissues studied except the liver.
Repetitive impacts from manual hammering: Physiologic effects on the hand-arm system

Vibration mapping was determined from individual trials on subjects performing a standardized hammering task. A set of four uni-axial accelerometers were placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of, and bisected the lengths of the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges, and the metacarpal of a particular finger. Conventional commercial hammers were used to provide single impact force mapping. As was expected, vibrations were observed to be higher in the distal phalanges when compared to the metacarpals. The peak acceleration values on the metacarpals were greater than the proximal phalanxes.
Faber polynomial coefficient estimates for bi-univalent functions defined by subordinations

� Abstract. A function is said to be bi-univalent on the open unit disk D if both the function and its inverse are univalent in D. Not much is known about the behavior of the classes of bi-univalent functions let alone about their coefficients. In this paper we use the Faber polynomial expansions to �nd coefficient estimates for four well-known classes of bi-univalent func- tions which are dened by subordinations. Both the coefficient bounds and the techniques presented are new and we hope that this paper will inspire future researchers in applying our approach to other related prob-
A Review of “Building the Digital Branch: Guidelines to Transform Your Website”

In this book, David Lee King, the Digital Branch and Services Manager at the Topeka and Shawnee County Library, takes the reader on a journey where websites are transformed from static lists of lin...
Mechanistic Leak-Detection Modeling for Single Gas-Phase Pipelines: Lessons Learned from Fit to Field-Scale Experimental Data

The use of pipelines is one of the most popular ways of delivering gas phases as shown by numerous examples in hydrocarbon transportation systems in Arctic regions, oil and gas production facilities in onshore and offshore wells, and municipal gas distribution systems in urban areas. A gas leak from pipelines can cause serious problems not only because of the financial losses associated but also its social and environmental impacts. Therefore, establishing an early leak detection model is vital to safe and secure operations of such pipeline systems. A leak detection model for a single gas phase is presented in this study by using material balance and pressure traverse calculations. The comparison between two steady states, with and without leak, makes it possible to quantify the magnitude of disturbance in two leak detection indicators such as the change in inlet pressure (ΔP in ) and the change in outlet flow rate (Δq out ) in a broad range of leak locations (x leak ) and leak opening sizes (d leak ). The results from the fit to large-scale experimental data of Scott and Yi (1998) show that the value of leak coefficient (C D ), which is shown to be the single-most important but largely unknown parameter, ranges from 0.55 to 4.11, and should be a function of Reynolds number (N Re ) which is related to leak characteristics such as leak location (x leak ), leak opening size (d leak ), leak rate (q leak ) and system pressure. Further investigations show that between the two leak detection indicators, the change in outlet flow rate (Δq out ) is superior to the change in inlet pressure (ΔP in ) because of larger disturbance, if the pressure drop along the pipeline is relatively small compared to the outlet pressure; otherwise, the change in inlet pressure (ΔP in ) is superior to the change in outlet flow rate (Δq out ). Key words : Leak; Leak detection modeling; Pipeline; Leak coefficient; Gas flow in pipe
Esophageal imaging and strategies for avoiding injury during left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Background Part of the esophagus is contiguous to the posterior wall (PW) of the left atrium (LA). Esophageal injury has occurred during LA ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The ability to identify the esophagus and monitor LAPW lesions with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has not been documented. Methods We report an index case of atrioesphageal fistula as a complication of transcatheter ablation of AF. After the index case, we retrospectively reviewed morphologic changes with radiofrequency (RF) delivered at LAPW during pulmonary vein (PV) electrical isolation using an 8-mm tip electrode (up to 70 W at a maximum of 50–52°C for 60 seconds) or Chilli catheter (up to 50 W at a maximum of 40°C for 60 seconds). ICE did not influence lesion application. After the index case, RF power was reduced at areas adjacent to the esophagus (8 mm/30–50 W at 50°C or Chilli/40 W at a maximum of 38°C). Duration of RF, 10–30 seconds, was titrated based on accelerated bubble formation or early echogenic lesion formation. Results The longitudinal extent of the contiguous LAPW-esophageal wall (length 18–59 mm) was identified in all 152 patients (ages 56 ± 10 years, 117 men). Preablation LAPW (2.8 ± 0.7 mm) and contiguous anterior esophageal wall (3.0 ± 0.8 mm) thickness were noted. A total of 6 ± 4.9 lesions/patient were delivered to the LAPW contiguous to the esophagus. Echogenic LAPW thickness increased to 7.5 ± 2.1 mm (vs. 2.8 ± 0.5 mm preablation) before the index case (n = 70 patients) and 4.7 ± 1.6 mm (vs. 2.9 ± 0.6 mm) after the index case (n = 67), with power reduction and titration of duration of energy delivery RF (P Conclusions The LAPW-esophageal region can be identified and monitored with ICE imaging during ablation procedures. RF lesions to the LAPW in PV isolation can produce dramatic morphologic changes immediately adjacent to the anterior esophageal wall. A reduction in power amount and duration as described coupled with online lesion monitoring to further titrate duration (
DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF ALLOPURINOL ON FREE RADICAL PRODUCTION DURING CEREBRAL HYPOXIA IN NEWBORN PIGLETS. ▴ 413

Previous studies have shown that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and free radical scavenger, has a neuroprotective effect during hypoxia-ischemia. The present study tests the hypothesis that allopurinol has a dose-dependent effect on the hypoxia-induced generation of free radicals in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Studies were performed on 15 piglets divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (control n=5) pretreated with saline and Groups 2-6 (n=2 each) pretreated with allopurinol at doses of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg IV respectively. Hypoxia was induced by lowering the FiO2 to 5-7% for 1 hr to achieve a PaO2 of 18-20 mmHg. Cortical biopsies were obtained via cranial windows and tissue homogenized in 100 mMα-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN). PBN spin adducts were extracted in a 2:1 mixture of chloroform:methanol and electron spin resonance spectroscopy performed. Signal height (intensity) of spectrum divided by tissue weight was expressed as mm/g tissue. Brain tissue ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations were used to determine cellular energy metabolism. Tissue levels of allopurinol were measured by HPLC and increased linearly with drug dose. Free radical intensity in Group 1 was 387±16 mm/g tissue(mean±S.E.). Groups 2-6 showed a linear decrease in free radical intensity with values approaching zero in the groups receiving 100 and 200 mg/kg of allopurinol (p<0.01). ATP concentrations (μmole/g tissue) increased linearly from 1.09±0.55 in Group 1 to 5.02±0.45 in the 200 mg/kg group (p<0.01). PCr concentrations (μmol/g brain) increased linearly from 0.19±0.03 in Group 1 to 1.10±0.29 in the 200 mg/kg group (p<0.01). The data show that administration of allopurinol decreases free radical production and preserves high energy phosphate compounds during hypoxia in a dose-dependent menner. We speculate that allopurinol reduces free radical production by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and scavenging free radicals and may play a direct neuromodulatory role in reducing excitotoxicity during hypoxia. (NIH-HD-20337, MOD-#6-FY94-0135).
Cytologic criteria for well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens.

BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pancreatic lesions has become popular to establish a tissue diagnosis before chemotherapy and/or surgery. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FNAB have improved as a result of several articles regarding cytologic criteria for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, false-negative and “suspicious for malignancy” rates remain relatively high, in part because of the underdiagnosis of well differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDA). Existing cytologic criteria do not specifically focus on WDA. In this study, the authors attempt to add to, redefine, and test cytologic criteria for WDA of the pancreas in FNAB specimens. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the specimens of 291 consecutive computed tomography-guided FNABs of pancreatic lesions performed at the study institution between 1995 and 1999. The original cytologic diagnoses were confirmed by cell blocks (131), surgical tissue (84), or clinical follow-up. The FNAB specimens were evaluated for the presence of 10 cytologic criteria: 1) anisonucleosis, 2) nuclear membrane irregularity, 3) nuclear crowding/overlapping/three-dimensionality, 4) nuclear enlargement (if there are more than two red blood cells), 5) gap versus confluent cell spacing, 6) hyperchromasia, 7) macronucleoli, 8) mitosis, 9) chromatin clearing, and 10) necrosis. RESULTS The original cytologic diagnoses were nondiagnostic in 24 cases, benign in 27, suspicious for malignancy in 15, and malignant in 225. Among the 225 malignant lesions, 74 cases were diagnosed as WDA. Cytologic criteria 1–4 were observed in 92–99% of WDA cases, whereas criteria 5–10 were present in only 7–38% of WDA cases. Six of 15 suspicious and 4 of 27 negative cases were of low cellularity but retrospectively met the cytologic criteria 1–4 for WDA (the diagnosis was confirmed on clinical follow-up). CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of pancreatic WDA can be made in FNAB specimens by the observance of anisonucleosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, nuclear crowding/overlapping/three-dimensionality, and nuclear enlargement. Necrosis, chromatin clearing, mitosis, macronucleoli, and hyperchromasia are of limited diagnostic significance because they are commonly absent in pancreatic WDA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2003;99:44–50. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
CO3[Co(CN)(5)](2): a microporous magnet with an ordering temperature of 38 K

The reaction between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and [Co(CN)5]3- in deoxygenated water yields a dark blue solid of composition Co3[Co(CN)5]2·8H2O (1). X-ray powder diffraction data indicate a cubic Prussian blue-type framework, wherein the hexacyanometalate positions have only a two-thirds occupancy of square-pyramidal [Co(CN)5]3- units. Upon dehydration, the compound retains crystallinity and exhibits a Type I dinitrogen sorption isotherm, characteristic of a microporous solid. Magnetic measurements show 1 to behave as a ferrimagnet with an ordering temperature of 48 K, which is reduced to 38 K in the dehydrated solid. At 5 K, both 1 and dehydrated 1 exhibit magnetic hysteresis with a coercive field of 1160 G (the highest value yet reported for a cubic Prussian blue analogue) and remnant magnetizations of 1540 and 745 cm3G/mol, respectively. Thus, dehydrated 1 represents the first compound for which microporosity and long-range magnetic ordering have been demonstrated to coexist.
Factors shaping local land use decisions: Citizen planners' perceptions and challenges

Local land use decisions are in the hands of thousands of individuals who lack formal training in planning. The study focuses on three domains of experience that might affect how township planning officials view their tasks and perceive the impacts of planning decisions. Interviews and surveys were conducted in two adjacent Michigan counties, which have had substantially different growth patterns. The perception of environmental impacts was found to be strongly related to these county-level experiences. By contrast, the population density of the respondents’ township was related to the use of different forms of information and visualization approaches. Experience gained through years of service was related to confidence and clarity with the planning process, though not with the other issues examined. Reliance on these forms of experience, unfortunately, is far too slow and unreliable to address the long-term consequences of land use decisions. We discuss the need for tools that enhance gaining such a bigger picture.
Anorectal anatomy and imaging techniques

The rectum and anus are two anatomically complex organs with diverse pathologies. This article reviews the basic anatomy of the rectum and anus. In addition, it addresses the current radiographic techniques used to evaluate these structures, specifically ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and defecography.
Molecular biology of phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylketonuria

Abstract The cloning of cDNAs for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) from rat and human livers has let to major advances in understanding the structure and function of this metabolically important enzyme and its deficiency state, phenylketonuria (PKU). The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of human PAH have been deduced, its genomic locus has been cloned, and mutations at the locus in PKU patients have been examined. Gene transfer experiments result in enzyme activity in cells that do not normally produce PAH, suggesting that somatic gene therapy for PKU may be feasible.
Manual ability as a marker of dependency in geriatric women.

Abstract Little is known about the factors responsible for the institutionalization of the elderly. This study's objective was to discover markers associated with nursing home placement. Fifty-six white ambulatory women over 63 yrs of age were selected from 3 settings encompassing a range of dependency: 20 women from nursing homes; 16 women who lived in their own homes but requiring social assistance and 20 totally independent women. Each woman was examined for factors that might be associated with her state of dependency: age, socioeconomic status, morale, education, strength of social network, number and type of medications, mental status, manual ability, medical problems and abnormalities on physical examination. The time required to perform any of 27 manual skills discriminated the 3 groups better than any other factor (P Manual ability may be the best marker of dependency in elderly women and should be measured in studies concerned with geriatric health status.
Perceptions of Patronizing Speech by Older Women in Nursing Homes and in the Community: Impact of Cognitive Ability and Place of Residence

This study compared community and nursing home elders’ evaluations of patronizing and nonpatronizing speech and explored the influence of living environment and cognitive ability on these perceptions. Both samples rated the nurse more favorably and the elder target as more satisfied with the conversation when the nurse’s speech was nonpatronizing as opposed to patronizing. Respondents’ cognitive ability covaried significantly with speech ratings in both samples, such that speech-style effects disappeared after accounting for cognitive ability. Community respondents downgraded elder targets of patronizing speech as less competent than the elder targets of nonpatronizing speech, suggesting a “blaming the victim” effect. Neither the living environment of the respondents nor the elderly recipients of patronizing speech influenced evaluations of speech styles or the elderly target.
Strain differences in egg structure inDrosophila hydei

Striking differences in egg structure are exhibited by strains ofDrosophila hydei but do not act as barriers to inter-strain crosses. The structure of eggs of inter-strain hybrid females suggest that the observed differences in egg architecture are of genetic origin. One characteristic, the location of the maturation island, differs in eggs of the reciprocal hybrids. There is some suggestion that the paternal genome may be important in determining the character.
The effect of workpiece vibration on planing noise

Effects of the workpiece surface vibration on planing noise were investigated theoretically and experimentally. A method of calculating the sound pressure level generated by the workpiece surface vibration due to the impact of planing knives was developed. Sound pressure levels and sound spectra calculated using this method show good agreement with measured values.
The Trouble with Magic: Conjuring the Past in New York City Parks

New York City parks serve as magical sites of discovery and recovery in speculative fiction for young readers, which has gone through a process of modernization, shifting from “universal” and “generic” narratives with repetitive features (derived from Western European folklore) to a sort of “specialization” that emphasizes the particular cultural practices and histories of racially diverse urban populations. Ruth Chew uses city spaces like the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Prospect Park to engage young readers in the magical adventures of white, middle-class children. Zetta Elliott’s African American speculative novels A Wish After Midnight and Ship of Souls utilize these sites to reveal the complexity and ethnic diversity of urban youth while conjuring the suppressed history of free and enslaved blacks in New York City.
Hybrid Si Microwire and Planar Solar Cells: Passivation and Characterization

We report an efficient hybrid Si microwire (radial junction) and planar solar cell with a maximum efficiency of 11.0% under AM 1.5G ill;umination. The maximum efficiency of the hybrid cell is improved from 7.2% to 11.0% by passivating the top surface and p–n junction with thin a-SiN:H and intrinsic poly-Si films, respectively, and is higher than that of planar cells of the identical layers due to increased light absorption and improved charge-carrier collections in both wires and planar components.
Microsphere erosion in outer hydrogel membranes creating macroscopic porosity to counter biofouling-induced sensor degradation.

Biofouling and tissue inflammation present major challenges toward the realization of long-term implantable glucose sensors. Following sensor implantation, proteins and cells adsorb on sensor surfaces to not only inhibit glucose flux but also signal a cascade of inflammatory events that eventually lead to permeability-reducing fibrotic encapsulation. The use of drug-eluting hydrogels as outer sensor coatings has shown considerable promise to mitigate these problems via the localized delivery of tissue response modifiers to suppress inflammation and fibrosis, along with reducing protein and cell absorption. Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres, encapsulated within a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel matrix, present a model coating where the localized delivery of the potent anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone has been shown to suppress inflammation over a period of 1–3 months. Here, it is shown that the degradation of the PLGA microspheres provides an auxiliary venue to offset...
ADSORBATE INDUCED NEUTRALIZATION EFFECTS IN LOW ENERGY ALKALI AND INERT GAS ION SCATTERING.

Abstract The dissociative adsorption of oxygen on Mo(001) has been studied using low energy (500–1000 eV) Li + , K + and He + ion scattering. Oxygen adsorption affects the energy and angular distributions of scattered ions, and also the intensity of scattered ions changes in a manner which is dependent upon the type of ion used. The scattered ion intensities are examined as a function of oxygen exposure and compared for each type of ion for the same surface structure and under identical scattering geometry. The He + intensity drops very sharply with increasing oxygen exposure, decreasing by a factor of 10 with ⩽ 2 L exposure for all azimuthal angles of incidence. The Li + intensity in all azimuths exhibits an initial decrease followed by a large increase and ultimately a decrease again as oxygen exposure increases. The K + intensity, while decreasing with exposure for incidence in the [100] azimuth, is relatively unaffected by low oxygen exposure in the [110] azimuth. These contrasting dependencies are discussed and explained as manifestations of different neutralization mechanisms occuring in each case.
High-order accurate difference potentials methods for parabolic problems

Highly-accurate numerical methods that can efficiently handle problems with interfaces and/or problems in domains with complex geometry are crucial for the resolution of different temporal and spatial scales in many problems from physics and biology. In this paper we continue the work started in 8], and we use modest one-dimensional parabolic problems as the initial step towards the development of high-order accurate methods based on the Difference Potentials approach. The designed methods are well-suited for variable coefficient parabolic models in heterogeneous media and/or models with non-matching interfaces and with non-matching grids. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate high-order accuracy and efficiency of the developed schemes. While the method and analysis are simpler in the one-dimensional settings, they illustrate and test several important ideas and capabilities of the developed approach.
Reducibility of stochastic networks

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of reducing a stochastic network to one equivalent activity. The problem was motivated by the question of determining or approximating the probability distribution function of the duration of the longest or shortest path in a stochastic network. We define a particular reduction and use it to characterize the reducibility of such a network. The network can be reduced to one equivalent activity if the network does not have a special graph which we call the ‘interdictive graph’, or IG for short. If an IG is embedded in the network, the network is irreducible. In this case, its reduction becomes possible by duplicating some of the arcs in the irreducible network. The concept of duplicating an arc is introduced, then it is used to identify the arcs which can be duplicated. The reduction procedure is stated and illustrative examples are provided. An upper bound on the number of duplications is established.