cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NSC13778 disrupts interactions between transcription factors TFE3, ASPL-TFE3 type 1, and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 and cognate DNA

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4622 The stibonic acid compound, [NSC13778][1], also know as stibavirin, previously has been reported to inhibit the interaction between transcription factors C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, CREB, Fos/JunD, and VBP and their cognate DNA sequences, HIV nucleocapsid protein p7 and viral RNA, and HIV gp120 and CD4. Now, we report that this compound is a potent inhibitor of the interaction between transcription factors TFE3, Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) associated fusion protein ASPL-TFE3 type 1, and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 and their cognate DNA. A fluorescence polarization assay was developed which measured the ability of compounds to disrupt a preformed complex between purified, recombinant protein and fluorescein-labeled, double-stranded cognate oligonucleotide. While [NSC13778][1] was similarly potent against TFE3 and ASPL-TFE3 type 1 and type 2 in EDTA-containing assay buffer, it was 10-fold more active against ASPL-TFE3 type 1 (39 nM) and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 (28 nM) than against TFE3 (360 nM) when 10 mM MgCl2 was included in the buffer. Moreover, this pattern of relative selectivity was reproduced among a series of analogs of [NSC13778][1] wherein most were more potent against ASPL-TFE3 than against TFE3. [NSC13778][1] was not toxic against FU-UR-1, a renal carcinoma cell line which expresses ASPL-TFE3 or against the B16 mouse melanoma cell line which expresses a high level of TFE3, and studies are ongoing to investigate the effects of 13778 on the expression of selected TFE3-dependent genes. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=NSC13778&atom=%2Fcanres%2F66%2F8_Supplement%2F1086.1.atom
Hemosuccus pancreaticus due to a noninflammatory pancreatic pseudotumor.

Context Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare source of gastrointestinal bleeding, the most frequent cause of which is pancreatitis, followed by tumors, but nearly all these tumors are true neoplasms, and not pseudotumors. Furthermore, nearly all pseudotumors of the pancreas and retroperitoneum are inflammatory. Case report We present a case of hemosuccus pancreaticus associated with a nonneoplastic noninflammatory pseudotumor of the pancreas. Conclusions Pancreatic pseudotumors are not always inflammatory and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with hemosuccus pancreaticus. Image: View at EGD, with gross blood emanating from major papilla.
Agents, habitats, and routine behavior

This paper describes research that characterizes the development of routine behavior based on a model of the historic relation of the agent to his environment. The view developed is that the agent forms a 'habitat' outside of which his performance degrades. Routine behavior emerges from the history of the relations between the agent and his habitats in the service of recurring goals. Routines are customized to the agent's environment, but so constructed as to support future related activities and the adaptation to new circumstances that extend the agent's range of activity. In this paper we focus on examining quantitatively how this customization reduces the agent's workload.
Bounds on Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance in Multiple Processor Systems

An important consideration in the design of high- performance multiple processor systems should be in ensuring the correctness of results computed by such complex systems which are extremely prone to transient and intermittent failures. The detection and location of faults and errors concurrently with normal system operation can be achieved through the application of appropriate on-line checks on the results of the computations. This is the domain of algorithm-based fault tolerance, which deals with low-cost system-level fault-tolerance techniques to produce reliable computations in multiple processor systems, by tailoring the fault-tolerance techniques toward specific algorithms. This paper presents a graph-theoretic model for determining upper and lower bounds on the number of checks needed for achieving concurrent fault detection and location. The objective is to estimate ate the overhead in time and the number of processors required for such a scheme. Faults in processors, errors in the data, and checks on the data to detect and locate errors are represented as a tripartite graph. Bounds on the time and processor overhead are obtained by considering a series of subproblems. First, using some crude concepts for t-fault detection and t-fault location, bounds on the maximum size of the error patterns that can arise from such fault patterns are obtained. Using these results, bounds are derived on the number of checks required for error detection and location. Some numerical results are derived from a linear programming formulation.
Optimism, Pessimism, and Motivation: Relations to Adjustment

The present work reviews the literature examining connections involving the key constructs of optimism and pessimism with motivation and adjustment. We review historical and conceptual models of optimism and pessimism. We then examine how these central constructs have been linked to both adaptive and maladaptive motivational processes and outcomes in the empirical literature. How cultural factors may impact the function of optimism and pessimism is also discussed. We end with a brief discussion of emerging issues that would be useful to examine in future research on optimism and pessimism.
The Macromolecular Structure of Type‐VI Collagen

Type-VI collagen microfilaments were directly isolated from human amnion without using strong denaturing reagents. The microfilaments were characterized by electron microscopy, SDS/PAGE and immunoprecipitation. There was no evidence of other components bound to the isolated filaments and no covalent bonds between adjacent tetramers. The association between tetramers was further analyzed by studying the affinity between globular domains and the helix of type-VI collagen. Solid-phase-binding assays and conventional column chromatography showed that the globular domains have a high affinity for each other and for the helices of type-VI collagen, indicating that filaments may be assembled and stabilized in the absence of additional components. Hyaluronan did not stabilize the filaments nor facilitate the assembly of tetramers into filaments. The interaction between domains was also studied after modifying the sugar moieties of type-VI collagen globular domains and monomeric triple-helical domains. The oligosaccharides are involved in helix-helix interactions but not in interactions of the globular domains with each other or with the triple helix.
A clustering algorithm for vector valued processes

Using a metric criteria, and with no prior information, the author determines the existence of clusters in the set X. He also determines the number of clusters, the cluster membership of each point of X, and consequently a disjoint decomposition of X. He considers whether, if X is a moving window on a possibly infinite data stream, these matters can be resolved online. A methodology is presented for solving the issues posed above. The design has features which are compatible with VLSI technology and, in particular, systolic array implementation. The performance of the design is partially evaluated using a simulation testbed. >
Serologic analysis of human rotavirus serotypes P1A and P2 by using monoclonal antibodies.

Three human rotavirus (HRV) VP4 serotypes and one subtype have been described on the basis of a fourfold or an eightfold-or-greater difference in neutralization titer when tested with hyperimmune antisera to recombinant VP4 or VP8* (serotypes P1A, P1B, P2, and P3). To start to analyze the antigenic basis underlying serotype specificity, we produced a library of 13 VP4-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMAbs) to two HRVs, the serotype P1A strain Wa and the serotype P2 strain ST3, and characterized the reactivity of these NMAbs with a panel of serotypically diverse HRV strains by neutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We characterized the serotypic specificity of the NMAbs by using a fourfold or an eightfold-or-greater difference in titer against the homologous (i.e., immunogen) and heterologous strains as a criterion for serotype. Some ST3-derived NMAbs reacted specifically with serotype P2 HRVs by ELISA and/or neutralization assay, while some Wa-derived NMAbs reacted specifically by ELISA and/or neutralization assay with some or all serotype P1A HRVs. Other Wa- and ST3-derived NMAbs reacted with some or all serotype P1A and P2 HRV strains by neutralization assay and ELISA. Most NMAbs did not react with serotype P1B or P3 strains. In previous studies, three distinct operationally defined epitopes have been identified on VP4 by examining the reactivity patterns of selected antigenic variants of HRV strain KU. At least one of the NMAbs described here recognizes an epitope unrelated to these previously identified epitopes, since it neutralized both KU and its variants. Images
“Contending Throng” Scenes and the Comitatus Ideal in Old English Poetry, with special attention to The Battle of Maldon 122a

Old English poetry features a recurring scene which I call “The Contending Throng.” In it, a crowd, typically of soldiers or servants, competes to serve, defend, or attack the person at the focus of the narrative, often their lord. Contending Throng scenes occur in Descent into Hell, Christ I, Andreas, and The Battle of Maldon. Its presence in The Battle of Maldon helps to resolve a long-standing crux in that poem, stemnetton (line 122a), which is shown to mean “they vied,” “they contended.” The fact that Contending Throng scenes recur as late as the Middle English Cursor Mundi, and that some of its distinctive elements are mentioned already by Tacitus, testifies to the enduring power of the comitatus ideal as a literary trope.
Vasoactive effects of methanol and sodium formate on isolated canine basilar artery.

The effect of methanol and other alcohols, sodium formate, and known vasoactive agents on isolated canine basilar artery was examined. Clinical concentrations of either methanol or sodium formate (approx 200 and 60 mg/100 ml, respectively) produced slight (5–10% maximum) contraction. This effect may be exaggerated during methanol poisoning when both compounds are present. Specific antagonists of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin did not diminish methanol contractions. Tissues contracted similarly to methanol, ethanol, and propanol but relaxed to butanol (10−3–10−1 m). Order of potency of agents (in descending order) was serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, tyramine, Ba2+, sodium formate, and the alcohols. Strips of basilar artery were refractory to isoproterenol, acetylcholine, and epinephrine at concentrations up to 5 × 10−4 m. Responsiveness to various agents was unaffected by incubation with either 100 mg/100 ml of methanol or 50 mg/100 ml of sodium formate.
Comparison of the Host Specificities of Two Bacteroidales Quantitative PCR Assays Used for Tracking Human Fecal Contamination

The sewage-associated real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays BacHum and HF183 SYBR were compared for specificity against local fecal sources. Both assays were equally sensitive to sewage, but BacHum showed substantially more false-positive results for cat, dog, gull, and raccoon feces.
Encephalopathy, Chiasmal Compression, Ophthalmoplegia, and Diabetes Insipidus in Pituitary Apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy with haemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening condition, and a rare cause of third nerve palsies. The range of vision loss and ophthalmoplegia seen in cases of apoplexy reflects the variability of cranial structures compressed by mass effect. The pathophysiology of extraocular muscle limitation and facial paraesthesia occurs with compression of the cavernous sinus, which contains cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and the ophthalmic branch of V. Blood supply to adjacent structures may be also compromised, causing additional loss of function. This case report of a patient with diabetes insipidus and a third nerve palsy illustrates the anatomic basis of the presenting signs of pituitary apoplexy, and the necessity for prompt neuroimaging if it is suspected.
Isolation of phosphorylated peptides and proteins on ion exchange papers.

Abstract A simple technique for the isolation of 32 P-labeled peptides has been adapted from the ion exchange method of Witt and Roskoski ( Anal. Biochem. 66 , 253, 1975). Protein kinase reaction mixtures are acidified and pipetted onto phosphocellulose papers. A variety of peptide and protein substrates are shown to bind to the ion exchange papers under conditions in which contaminating [γ- 32 P]ATP is removed by washing in acetic acid. The capacity of phosphocellulose papers for the phosphopeptide, Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Leu-Gly, exceeds 375 nmol per paper (2 × 2 cm). The method is limited to relatively basic peptides but is applicable to most proteins. Large numbers of samples can be processed simultaneously with no compromise in sensitivity or reliability of results.
Oxycodone Overdose in the Pediatric Population: Case Files of the University of Massachusetts Medical Toxicology Fellowship

A 7-year-old female, status post recent tonsillectomy, presented to the emergency department (ED) after an unintentional Roxicet® (oxycodone-acetaminophen coformulation) overdose. The patient weighed 19 kg and was prescribed 1.5 mL of Roxicet® 5/325 mg per 5 mL to take as needed for pain. Her mother misunderstood the dosing instructions and gave the patient 1.5 teaspoons (7.5 mL) of the medication, and immediately brought her to the ED. On arrival, the patient was non-toxic-appearing with normal mental status, physical exam, and vital signs. She complained of a stomachache and nausea, but denied any vomiting or diarrhea. Her medical history was significant for tonsillectomy 3 days previously and a remote herniorrhaphy. Her only prescription or over-the-counter medication was Roxicet® as needed for pain.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo for a Spatial-Temporal Autologistic Regression Model

An existing spatial-temporal autologistic regression model relates a binary response variable to potential covariates while accounting for both dependence on a spatial lattice and dependence over discrete time points. This approach is useful for analyzing spatial-temporal binary data. However, the existing statistical inference is via maximum pseudo-likelihood and may be statistically inefficient especially when the spatial and temporal dependence is strong. This article proposes a fully Bayesian approach for both model parameter inference and prediction at future time points using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). A Metropolis–Hastings algorithm combined with a Gibbs sampler or perfect simulation are developed for obtaining the posterior distributions of model parameters as well as the posterior predictive distributions. We demonstrate the methodology and compare the results with maximum pseudolikelihood and MCMC maximum likelihood approaches via a real data example concerning southern pine beetle outbreak.
Chemical reduction sytem for the detection of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2

Both isocratic and gradient elution systems for fluorometric detection of K vitamins after post-column reduction with zinc metal to their hydroquinones are described. The reaction detection system for K vitamins (phylloquinone and menaquinones) in liquid chromatography is based on reduction of K vitamins to their corresponding hydroquinones with zinc metal in the presence of zinc ions. It was found that 95% of the injected quinones (K vitamins) could be reduced to their corresponding hydroquinones with zinc metal compared to 60% reduction for electrochemical detectors. Menaquinones could be detected down to 100 pg with relative ease during gradient elution.
Free-breathing myocardial perfusion MRI using SW-CG-HYPR and motion correction

First-pass perfusion MRI is a promising technique to detect ischemic heart disease. Sliding window (SW) conjugate-gradient (CG) highly constrained back-projection reconstruction (HYPR) (SW-CG-HYPR) has been proposed to increase spatial coverage, spatial resolution, and SNR. However, this method is sensitive to respiratory motion and thus requires breath-hold. This work presents a non-model-based motion correction method combined with SW-CG-HYPR to perform free-breathing myocardial MR imaging. Simulation studies were first performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed motion correction method and its independence from the pattern of the respiratory motion. After that, in vivo studies were performed in six healthy volunteers. From all of the volunteer studies, the image quality score of free breathing perfusion images with motion correction (3.11 ± 0.34) is improved compared with that of images without motion correction (2.27 ± 0.32), and is comparable with that of successful breath-hold images (3.12 ± 0.38). This result was further validated by a quantitative sharpness analysis. The left ventricle and myocardium signal changes in motion corrected free-breathing perfusion images were closely correlated to those observed in breath-hold images. The correlation coefficient is 0.9764 for myocardial signals. Bland–Altman analysis confirmed the agreement between the free-breathing SW-CG-HYPR method with motion correction and the breath-hold SW-CG-HYPR. This technique may allow myocardial perfusion MRI during free breathing. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ancient West Mexican Metallurgy: South and Central American Origins and West Mexican Transformations

Metallurgy first appeared in Mesoamerica at about A.D. 800, introduced via a maritime route from Central and South America into West Mexico. During the initial period of the establishment of the technology (approximately A.D. 800 to between A.D. 1200 and 1300) technical links were closest with the metallurgies of Ecuador, Colombia, and lower Central America. During the second period of West Mexican metallurgy (A.D. 1200–1300 to the Spanish invasion) new elements from these same regional metallurgies were introduced, in addition to technical components from the metallurgy of southern Peru. Although the roots of West Mexican metallurgy lay in the metallurgies to the south, the elements that had been introduced from those areas were reinterpreted and transformed, resulting in the development of a technically original, highly inventive regional technology in West Mexico.
Component-Driven Web Development with Polymer

Going big by starting small. It's a powerful idea - understandable and manageable complex systems are built out of encapsulated, interoperable parts. Web Components applies this concept the web platform, providing web developers a whole new set of primitives to create and use custom elements.In this talk I'll go over the core features of Web Components, how the Polymer library makes it easy to build and develop with custom elements to create complex client-side web applications, and the patterns and ecosystems that are emerging in this new web world.
Effects of heavy metal ions on phospholipid metabolism in human neutrophils: relationship to ionophore-mediated cytotoxicity

Abstract This study examined the effects of 0.1mM heavy metal ions (Au 3+ , ZN 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , and Cu 2+ ) on ionophore-treated human neutrophils. Treatment of human neutrophils with 5–10μM ionophore A23187 resulted in phospholipid deacylation and eicosanoid release within 5 min. After approximately 20 min, viability decreased significantly with near total cell death by 50 min. Heavy metal ions altered phospholipid metabolism, eicosanoid synthesis, and cytotoxicity in parallel fashion. Radioimmunoassays for 5-HETE and LTB 4 demonstrated that Au 3+ and Zn 2+ stimulated, Cr 3+ had little effect on, and Mn 2+ and Cu 2+ inhibited eicosanoid release from ionophore-treated neutrophils. Cells prelabelled with [ 3 H]arachidonic acid exhibited similar metal-mediated effects on lipid metabolism. Strong negative correlations between metal effects on viability and the metabolism of arachidonic acid suggest that eicosanoids participate in ionophore-induced cytotoxicity.
Spin dependent mean-free path of low-energy electrons in ferromagnetic materials

Abstract Spin resolved attenuation measurements of electrons transmitted through overlayers of Fe and Co show that the electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) in these materials is spin-dependent at low energies. The spin-up IMFP is larger than the spin-down IMFP. The values from different studies are in reasonable agreement. The data suggest that the origin of the spin dependence is mainly due to inelastic processes. Effects from spin dependent elastic scattering have not been identified directly in these experiments. The spin filter effect based on preferential attenuation of spin-down electrons can be used as a basis of spin polarization detectors.
Robust decoder architecture for multi-level flash memory storage channels

Multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory comprises of cells which can be programmed to multiple levels. Recent MLC flash memory systems support 3 bits per cell to 4 bits per cell which means that the individual cells are programmed to 8 or 16 distinct levels respectively. MLC flash has higher raw bit error rate (rber) than the single bit per cell flash. This calls for the use of sophisticated error control coding (ECC) schemes like LDPC codes. The flash memory channel is usually modeled with level distributions having Gaussian probability density function. However, the Gaussian distribution is not a good fit for practical NAND channels. Even for the beginning of life of the flash memory device, this model has to be replaced by a more realistic model. With erases and re-writes, the channel towards the end of life of the device is far from Gaussian and floating-gate to floating-gate coupling and charge loss not only increases the raw bit error rate but causes the level distributions to become asymmetric. Given such channel impairments, if the LDPC decoder assumes Gaussian level distributions, its performance can degrade considerably. Hence, modifications are required in the decoding algorithm to cope up with the channel distortions. In order to keep the hardware costs within limits, simple schemes with minimal hardware increase are desirable to keep up the performance. In this paper, the flash channel degradations are first enlisted and then simple solutions are proposed which keep the performance in check as the flash memory transits from a channel with moderate impairments to the end of life condition, where the level distributions for the different levels are highly asymmetric.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria methylate mercury at variable rates in pure culture and in marine sediments.

Differences in methylmercury (CH3Hg) production normalized to the sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in various species of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were quantified in pure cultures and in marine sediment slurries in order to determine if SRB strains which differ phylogenetically methylate mercury (Hg) at similar rates. Cultures representing five genera of the SRB (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfobulbus propionicus, Desulfococcus multivorans, Desulfobacter sp. strain BG-8, and Desulfobacterium sp. strain BG-33) were grown in a strictly anoxic, minimal medium that received a dose of inorganic Hg 120 h after inoculation. The mercury methylation rates (MMR) normalized per cell were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher in pure cultures of members of SRB groups capable of acetate utilization (e.g., the family Desulfobacteriaceae) than in pure cultures of members of groups that are not able to use acetate (e.g., the family Desulfovibrionaceae). Little or no Hg methylation was observed in cultures of Desulfobacterium or Desulfovibrio strains in the absence of sulfate, indicating that Hg methylation was coupled to respiration in these strains. Mercury methylation, sulfate reduction, and the identities of sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediment slurries were also studied. Sulfate-reducing consortia were identified by using group-specific oligonucleotide probes that targeted the 16S rRNA molecule. Acetate-amended slurries, which were dominated by members of the Desulfobacterium and Desulfobacter groups, exhibited a pronounced ability to methylate Hg when the MMR were normalized to the SRR, while lactate-amended and control slurries had normalized MMR that were not statistically different. Collectively, the results of pure-culture and amended-sediment experiments suggest that members of the family Desulfobacteriaceae have a greater potential to methylate Hg than members of the family Desulfovibrionaceae have when the MMR are normalized to the SRR. Hg methylation potential may be related to genetic composition and/or carbon metabolism in the SRB. Furthermore, we found that in marine sediments that are rich in organic matter and dissolved sulfide rapid CH3Hg accumulation is coupled to rapid sulfate reduction. The observations described above have broad implications for understanding the control of CH3Hg formation and for developing remediation strategies for Hg-contaminated sediments.
Mathematical modeling of particulate thermal coagulation and transport downstream of an urban area source

Abstract A finite-difference model incorporating the mechanisms of thermal coagulation and gravitational sedimentation in the equation of diffusion is used to predict the particulate size distribution downstream from an urban area source. The particulate size range is 0.001 to 100 μm dia and the domain is 1 km vertically and 100 × 80 km horizontally in the mean and cross-wind directions, respectively. The predicted particulate concentrations, coagulation rate and deposition rate are presented. Comparison between the cases without particles larger than 10 μm and with all the particles included shows that the larger particles serve as an efficient collection agent for the particles smaller than 0.05 μm. The predicted spectral shape simulates fairly well the observations by Whitby et al. and Junge in the range smaller than 0.1 μm, and appears closer to Deirmendjian's observations in the range of 0.1–10μm. The effect of gravitational sedimentation and coagulation is found to be negligible for particles in the range of 0.1–1 μm. Consequently, the number spectrum should peak at this range in an equilibrium state.
An unusual case of late gastrointestinal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy

With more widespread application of and improved outcomes from pancreatoduodenectomy, late complications of this procedure are appearing more commonly in the clinical setting. Presented here is an unusual case of hemobilia secondary to cavernous portal vein transformation one year following pylorus-sparing pancreatoduodenectomy. Common and unusual causes of gastrointestinal bleeding following pancreatoduodenectomy are discussed.
Spark Breakdown - An Electrostatic Criterion

This paper examines one basic process causing the d. c. high voltage breakdown of a gas. Specifically, it contains a modified criterion for the transition of a Townsend Avalanche to a Streamer Discharge. Instead of the assumption that the electrons in the avalanche are spread laterally by multiple scattering on gas molecules (thermal diffusion), the assumption used is that the electrons are spread solely by mutual electrostatic repulsion. A criterion is found that yields quantitative results comparable to those obtained using the "multiple scattering" assumption. This modified criterion is probably most useful where "multiple scattering" is improbable - where an electron loses almost all of its energy on colliding with complex gas molecules. In addition, the classical (thermal-diffusion-dominated) breakdown criterion is re-derived in a much simpler form.
Free-living stages of three species of parasitic copepods (Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) reared from eggs, with discussion on the ontogenetic features in the Siphonostomatoida

Five naupliar stages and the infective copopodid stage of Eudactylina dasiati Izawa, 2011, Dangoka japonica Izawa, 2011, and an unidentified eudactylinid species are described based on free-living larvae reared from eggs detached from ovigerous females, which were recovered from the branchial lamellae of Japanese elasmobranchs, Dasyatis akajei (Muller & Henle, 1841) (Dasyatidae), Rhinobatos schlegelii Muller & Henle, 1841 (Rhinobatidae), and Alopias vulpine (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Alopiidae), respectively. These species of Eudactylinidae, along with Gangliopus pyriformis Gerstaecker, 1854 (Pandaridae) are the only Siphonostomatoida known to have five naupliar stages prior to the infective copepodid I. Naupliar morphology and the antennular segmentation in the Siphonostomatoida are discussed. Siphonostomatoid nauplii may possess six caudal elements and limb buds of the maxillae, maxillipeds, and two legs, but not maxillules. In the Siphonostomatoida, the naked first antennular segment of the nauplius may be retained to the adult stage.
PROTON--PROTON ELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH ENERGIES AND LARGE ANGLES, AND THE INCOHERENT DROPLET MODEL.

A study has been made of the elastic proton-proton scattering at high energies and large angles, using a model first proposed by K. Huang. This model decomposes a proton during collision into $N$ subunits and recombines them after collision in an incoherent combinatorial manner. The technique used is more general than the asymptotic methods used by Huang in obtaining the probabilities for the final states. The new procedure allows us to extend the range of validity for the model, since asymptotic expansions are no longer used. The analysis is limited to spinless protons, and to regions of high energy where there exists no discontinuity in the shape of the angular distribution such as was found by Allaby et al. around ${P}_{L}=8 \mathrm{to} 11$ BeV/c. The theoretical curves are in good agreement with the experimental results from ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=65\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} \mathrm{to} 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and ${P}_{L}=14 \mathrm{to} 27$ BeV/c, while the asymptotic expressions are in good agreement only from around 76\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The experimentally observed quenching of large-momentum-transfer states as the energy increases is reproduced.
Public versus Private University Presidents Pay Levels and Structure

Abstract Existing studies examine the determinants of private university presidents’ compensation, but ignore recent earnings differentials between public and private university presidents. This paper estimates that public university presidents earn approximately 50 percent less than comparable private university presidents. This salary discount is robust to controls for institutional and individual characteristics, and estimation technique.
Alteration of Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Pools and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Expression in Escherichia coli by a Plant Medium-Chain Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Thioesterase

Expression of a plant lauroyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase in an Escherichia coli strain deficient in beta oxidation results in the accumulation of free fatty acids in the culture. Overall fatty acid production by the cultures is increased severalfold, particularly in the late log and stationary stages of growth. In control E. coli cells, malonyl-ACP levels and rates of fatty acid synthesis are highest during rapid logarithmic growth and decline to undetectable levels in stationary stage. In contrast, in cells expressing plant acyl-ACP thioesterase, malonyl-ACP levels remain high in late log and stationary stage in association with the continued fatty acid production. In addition, the biotin carboxyl carrier protein component of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is expressed at higher levels in cultures expressing the acyl-ACP thioesterase. The data presented indicate that removal of the acyl-ACP products of fatty acid synthesis results in increased production of both malonyl-ACP and fatty acids, which may in turn result from higher activity and/or expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
An experimental and analytical study of acetylene and ethylene oxidation behind shock waves

An experimental and analytical study of the oxidation of acetylene and ethylene behind incident shock waves was carried out over the temperature range 1815-2365 K at reaction pressures between 1.1 and 1.7 atm. The oxidation process was monitored by measuring radiation from carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and the reaction O + CO yields CO2 + h nu. The recorded emission profiles were analyzed to obtain concentrations for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and the product of oxygen atom and the carbon monoxide concentrations. On the basis of this data and induction time data reported in the literature, kinetic models for acetylene and ethylene oxidation were assembled.
Kinetics of monosaccharide conversion in the presence of homogeneous Bronsted acids

Abstract For the utilization of biomass in the fuel and polymer industry, a wide variety of catalysts have been studied for their activity either on the dehydration reaction in particular or on the monosaccharide degradations in general. Yet, systematic data outlining the effects of acidic features is not available and a common framework for catalytic activity comparison is missing that is needed for rational catalyst design. The current work aimed to provide insight about the effect of the nature of the acid and initial acidity on degradation kinetics of C5 and C6 carbohydrates and thereby built a platform allowing activity comparison. Mineral and organic acids ranging in acidic strength, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, maleic, and propane sulfonic acid, were tested for their activity in the degradation of xylose, fructose and glucose at two different pH values; 1.5 and 3.6. In the presence of weak homogeneous acids, glucose undergoes degradation with drastically different activation energies at pH of 1.5 than at pH 3.6. Such a difference does not occur in the presence of strong homogenous acids. On the other hand, xylose and fructose undergo degradation with similar activation energies of approximately 140 kJ/mol regardless of the pH or nature of the homogeneous acid. A common framework that compiles the catalytic activities and outlines the differences potentially related to underlying mechanism changes provides the basis required for rational heterogeneous catalyst design.
Development and expression of the green fluorescent protein in porcine embryos derived from nuclear transfer of transgenic granulosa-derived cells

Abstract Nuclear transfer (NT) techniques have advanced in the last few years, and cloned animals have been produced from somatic cells in several species including pig. In this study we examined the feasibility of using granulosa-derived cells (GCs) as donor cells combined with a microinjection procedure to transfer those nuclei. In vitro matured oocytes were enucleated by aspirating the first polar body and adjacent cytoplasm. Mural GCs infected with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene were serum-starved (0.5% serum, 7 days), injected directly into cytoplasm of enucleated oocytes and the oocytes were electrically activated. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days and stained with Hoechst 33342 to determine the number of nuclei. Non-manipulated oocytes were electrically activated and cultured as controls. At 9 h post-activation, the pronuclear formation rates were 78.7±3.7% in NT and 97.4±4.4% in controls at 9 h post-activation. After 7 days culture, the cleavage rates were 24.5±7.2% in NT and 79.3±5.6% in controls. The blastocysts formation rates were 4.9±2.4% in NT and 26.8±3.8% in controls. To examine the effect of activation time on development of NT embryos, oocytes were activated at 0–0.5, 1–2, or 3–4 h post-injection. At 18 h post-activation the pronuclear formation rates were higher (62.5±7.3%) in the 3–4 h group as compared to the 0–0.5 h (22.0±12.5%) or 1–2 h (44.5±6.3%) groups ( P P >0.05). The mean cell number of blastocysts was 15.7±5.7 in NT and 25.3±24.7 in controls. Green fluorescence was observed in roughly half of the embryos from the one-cell to the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that granulosa-derived cell nuclei can be remodeled in the cytoplasm of porcine oocytes, and that the reconstructed embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage. In addition, EGFP can be used as a marker for gene expression of donor nuclei.
High temperature transport properties of air

A general computer code was developed to allow calculation of atom-atom and ion-atom transport collision integrals from accurate potential energy curves described by a set of discrete data points for a broad range of scattering conditions. This code is based upon semiclassical approximations that properly account for quantum mechanical behavior such as tunneling effects near a barrier maximum, resonance charge exchange, and nuclear symmetry effects. Transport collision integrals were determined for N-N, O-O, N(+)-N, and O(+)-O interactions from complete sets of accurate potential functions derived from combined experimental and ab initio structure calculations. For the O-O case, this includes results for excited states. The calculated values of the N(+)-N and O(+)-O resonance charge exchange cross section Q(ex) agree well with measurements from beam experiment that are available at high energies where the diffusion cross section Q(d) satisfies Q(d) approximately equal to 2Q(ex).
Unusual structural effects of intermolecular π-bonding in the tetracyanopyrazine (ion-radical) dimer

The facile reduction of tetracyanopyrazine (TCP) by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) leads to black crystals of the donor/acceptor salt: TDAE2+·(TCP)22−·2CH3CN in which the vertical anionic TCP stacks consisting of distinct π-(TCP)22− units are surrounded by TDAE dications. The monomers within these supramolecular π-(TCP)22− complexes are arranged co-facially at interplanar separation of ∼3.17 A characteristic for ion-radical π-dimers and show unusual ∼30° rotation relative to each other. The structural scrutiny of the π-dimers together with the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the neutral tetracyanopyrazine acceptor, its charge-transfer complexes, and the monomeric anion-radical TCP−˙ reveals the unique “quasi-quinonoidal” distortion of the π-bonded tetracyanopyrazine moieties. In contrast to the molecular bending and intermolecular charge-transfer that are commonly observed in various ion-radical π-dimers and in conventional donor/acceptor complexes, the specific electron density redistribution and bond length alternation in π-bonded (planar) tetracyanopyrazine moieties (relative to the neutral molecule and isolated anion-radical) can only be accommodated by the bonding molecular orbital (HOMO) of the (TCP)22− dimer that is notably different from the corresponding SOMO of the monomeric TCP−˙.
The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanil (GI87084B) in healthy adult male volunteers.

Background: Remifentanil (G187084B) is a new short-acting opioid with a unique ester structure. Metabolism of remifentanil by ester hydrolysis results in very rapid elimination. The aim of this study was to characterize in detail the pharmacokinetic profile of remifentanil in healthy male volunteers. Methods: Ten healthy adult male volunteers received a zero-order infusion of remifentanil at doses ranging from 1 to 8 μg-kg -1 -min -1 for 20 min. Frequent arterial blood samples were drawn and analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy to determine the remifentanil blood concentrations. The raw pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using three different parametric compartmental modeling methods (traditional two-stage, naive pooled data, and NONMEM)
A Hybrid Integrated Circuit for Multiwire Proportional Chambers

From the performance data measured, it appears that the SH0997 and SH1153 prototypes come very close to meeting all the significant points of the joint Laboratory specification. The major exception noted, that of non-ideal matching of thresholds, appears to be a question of procedure and not a fundamental limitation. This is reinforced by the fact that Fairchild is maintaining the 1 mV minimum sensitivity specification. Similarly, the problem of the fast OR width and the Read gate error appear easily soluble. The operation of the SH11153 appears to meet all significant specifications. In both units, all signals are exceptionally clean and inter-channel crosstalk appears insignificant for either polarity of overdrive. With the corrections noted, it appears that future units should meet or exceed all the major points of the joint Laboratory specifications for proportional wire chamber integrated circuits.
Programmable quantum-dots memristor based architecture for image processing

An analog Cellular Neural Network (CNN) architecture employing quantum dots to realize various real time image processing applications such as edge and line detections and motion estimation is proposed. In order to obtain programmability to switch between applications, memristive connections between neighboring cells, and for signal amplification and locking resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are utilized. Simulations are carried out on a 2D array of the proposed cell structure to demonstrate edge detection and line detection tasks. This work also provides analytical models and simulation results to prove above mentioned real time image processing functionalities.
Testing for dispersive ordering

An asymptotically distribution-free test is proposed and studied for testing the null hypothesis H0: Fdisp = G versus H1: Fdisp < G, that is G−1(β)−G−1(α)⩾F−1(β)−F−1(α) for 0⩽α<β⩽1. The proposed test is based on an estimator of ∝ƒ2(x)dz − ∝g2(x)dxx, where ƒ(g) is the probability density function corresponding to the distribution function F(G). The cases of two independent samples as well as that of paired samples are discussed in details.
Concurrent design of a three-link manipulator prototype

Abstract This paper presents an affordable and comprehensive robotic model of critical aid to any engineering school involved in teaching robotics. We present the stages of designing a three-link robot manipulator prototype that was built as part of a research project for establishing a prototyping environment for robot manipulators. Building this robot helped to determine the required subsystems and interfaces for building the prototyping environment, and provided hands-on experience for real problems and difficulties that are addressed and solved using this environment. The robot is now successfully used as an educational tool in robotics and control classes.
Pair production by neutrino bremsstrahlung

Standard model cross sections for electron-positron pair production by neutrino-bremsstrahlung in the nuclear field have been fitted to empirical formulas that can be used to estimate backgrounds to neutrino experiments and flux normalizations. A compact form of the matrix element obtained by analytic reduction is used to discuss the distributions and the physics. Predictions for typical supernovae neutrinos are compared with neutrino-electron scattering.
Responses of thoracic spinal interneurons to vestibular stimulation

Vestibular influences on outflow from the spinal cord are largely mediated via spinal interneurons, although few studies have recorded interneuronal activity during labyrinthine stimulation. The present study determined the responses of upper thoracic interneurons of decerebrate cats to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve or natural stimulation of otolith organs and the anterior and posterior semicircular canals using rotations in vertical planes. A majority of thoracic interneurons (74/102) responded to vestibular nerve stimulation at median latencies of 6.5 ms (minimum of ~3 ms), suggesting that labyrinthine inputs were relayed to these neurons through trisynaptic and longer pathways. Thoracic interneuronal responses to vertical rotations were similar to those of graviceptors such as otolith organs, and a wide array of tilt directions preferentially activated different cells. Such responses were distinct from those of cells in the cervical and lumbar enlargements, which are mainly elicited by ear-down tilts and are synchronous with stimulus position when low rotational frequencies are delivered, but tend to be in phase with stimulus velocity when high frequencies are employed. The dynamic properties of thoracic interneuronal responses to tilts were instead similar to those of thoracic motoneurons and sympathetic preganglionic neurons. However, the preferred tilt directions of the interneurons were more heterogeneous than thoracic spinal outputs, showing that the outputs do not simply reflect an addition of local interneuronal activity.
Lateral resonant tunneling field-effect transistor

A lateral resonant tunneling field‐effect transistor (RTFET) is proposed. The RTFET has three closely spaced, but independent gate electrodes. The two outer gates create lateral double potential barriers in the channel, and control the barrier heights. The inner gate controls the potential of the quantum well between the barriers. These gates are capacitively coupled to the barriers and well; therefore, very small gate currents and high input impedences result. Modeling and computer simulations show that when the potential of the quantum well is scanned, the RTFET should have a better peak‐to‐valley ratio, narrower current peak widths, and more uniform distribution of peak and valley currents than that of a resonant tunneling diode with the same barriers and well. The independent control of the barrier heights allows us to adjust continuously the peak‐to‐valley ratio, amplitude, and position of current peaks. Furthermore, using an additional back gate, the peak‐to‐valley ratio and amplitude of peak current can also be adjusted by changing the carrier concentration next to the double barriers.
Quasiparticle band structure of AlN and GaN.

The ab initio pseudopotential method within the local-density approximation and the quasiparticle approach have been used to investigate the electronic properties of AlN and GaN in the wurtzite and zinc-blende structures. The quasiparticle band-structure energies are calculated using a model dielectric matrix for the evaluation of the electron self-energy. For this calculation, good agreement with the experimental results for the minimum band gaps in the wurtzite structure is obtained. In the zinc-blende structure we predict that AlN will be an indirect (\ensuremath{\Gamma} to X) wide band-gap semiconductor (4.9 eV) and that GaN will have a direct gap of 3.1 eV at \ensuremath{\Gamma} in good agreement with recent absorption experiments on cubic GaN (3.2--3.3 eV). A discussion of the direct versus indirect gap as well as other differences in electronic structure between the wurtzite and zinc-blende phases is presented. Other properties of quasiparticle excitations are predicted in this work and remain to be confirmed by experiment.
The Effects Of Lateral Chromatic Aberration On Distortion Calibration And Operational Data Reduction

The measured position of a photogrammetric camera star image and its true projected position generally do not coincide, indicating the presence of distortion errors. It has been assumed that the r-sidual errors obtained from the solution for distortion coefficients, showing the uncorrelated random character between star images, reflect operator setting error, or emulsion instability. Recent studies conducted at The Aerospace Corporation on the generic AVIOTAR lens used on the Wild BC-4 ballistic camera indicate that errors which were thought to be wholly random may have systematic components caused by lateral chromatic aberration and image distortion. An analysis of the lens was accomplished using The Aerospace Corporation's Polychromatic Program for the Analysis of General Optical Systems. This analysis provides insight into the effects of lateral chromatic aberration and image orientation versus field angle. Lateral chromatic aberration is significant because it produces a spatial position shift of predominantly low-temperature objects when distortion is calibrated with high-temperature stellar sources. The results of the study indicate that these effects must be included in the calibration procedures and data reduction algorithms to obtain high accuracy position data.