cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A behavior-based architecture for robots using real-time vision

A description is given of the Independent Agents Architecture, designed for building behavior-based robots which make use of sophisticated, computationally expensive sensory modalities. Systems built using this architecture have three layers corresponding to perception, behavior, and motor control. The use of a shared perception layer prevents unnecessary redundancy in the processing of sensor data. Robotic tasks are decomposed into independent stimulus/response behaviors, each of which is implemented by a separate agent. The formalism of stimulus/response spaces is introduced to model these sensorimotor behaviors. This formalism provides a method to analyze when behavioral systems are free from potential action conflicts. In addition, it is demonstrated that it is possible to build a robotic system which performs dynamic tasks through the use of qualitative sensorimotor behaviors instead of mathematical models of the physical world. Juggler, a behavior-based balloon-bouncing robot, is an example of such a system. >
Visualization of resource allocation in large-scale mobile ad hoc networks

Resource allocation in ad hoc communication networks is a field of high complexity because of both i) the distributed nature of the interactions between the nodes, and ii) the large set of control variables for even the most primitive networks. Visual representation of this information across physical space and across layers of the network can greatly benefit the understanding of efficient allocation policies in these complex systems. Yet, very few software packages have been developed to address specifically this task, especially for large scale networks. We develop such a software system, and demonstrate some of its capabilities. The system illustrates that multi-layered visualization of the network state can be an effective tool at making network design decisions even in the face of uncertainty and for a large number of network interactions.
Women From Different Ethnic Groups and Their Experiences With Victimization and Seeking Help

For women who experience abuse in childhood or adulthood, the assumptions are that surviving includes seeking help. This article presents an exploratory study on the prevalence of victimization in the lives of Caucasian, African American, and Latina women, if and to whom they disclosed their victimization, and where they turned for services and support. The results indicate Caucasian women turn more to traditional, therapeutic sources compared with African American women, who tend to use tangible supports. However, when controlling for a number of key variables, the ethnic differences disappear. Implications for further research and practice conclude this article.
Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of (Co-Bi)/Pt and Co/(Pt-Bi) multilayers

Both the magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at 300 K decrease with Bi content x in (Co/sub 1-x/Bi/sub x/)/Pt multilayers, whereas the magnetization increases with x in (Co/Pt/sub 1-x/Bi/sub x/). The maximum magneto-optical Kerr rotation increases with x up to x=0.12, then decreasing with x for (CoBi/Pt). On the other hand, the rotation decreases with x in (Co/PtBi). The photon energy for the maximum polar Kerr rotation becomes smaller with x for (Co/PtBi), but it remains unchanged for (CoBi/Pt). >
Reactive Oxygen Species Reduction is a Key Underlying Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) management in cancer cells is important for developing successful therapy. Most of the anticancer agents induce ROS generation to kill cancer cells by apoptosis through common molecular pathways. But prolonged treatment with the drug reduces ROS level to confer resistance. Subsequently, drug resistant cells have lower ROS content than drug sensitive cancer cells. Anticancer drugs induce master regulatory genes and these genes act on NFE2L2-KEAP1 antioxidant system to reduce the ROS level in cancer cells. This review focused on the genetic mechanism of drug mediated induction of ROS generation in sensitive cells and the ROS reduction in drug resistant cancer cells.
Mutations in the Drosophila condensin subunit dCAP-G : defining the role of condensin for chromosome condensation in mitosis and gene expression in interphase

Chromosomes are dynamic structures that are reorganized during the cell cycle to optimize them for distinct functions. SMC and non-SMC condensin proteins associate into complexes that have been implicated in the process of chromosome condensation. The roles of the individual non-SMC subunits of the complex are poorly understood, and mutations in the CAP-G subunit have not been described in metazoans. Here we elucidate a role for dCAP-G in chromosome condensation and cohesion in Drosophila. We illustrate the requirement of dCAP-G for condensation during prophase and prometaphase; however, we find that alternate mechanisms ensure that replicated chromosomes are condensed prior to metaphase. In contrast, dCAP-G is essential for chromosome condensation in metaphase of single, unreplicated sister chromatids, suggesting that there is an interplay between replicated chromatids and the condensin complex. In the dcap-g mutants, defects in sister-chromatid separation are also observed. Chromatid arms fail to resolve in prophase and are unable to separate at anaphase, whereas sister centromeres show aberrant separation in metaphase and successfully move to spindle poles at anaphase. We also identified a role for dCAP-G during interphase in regulating heterochromatic gene expression.
Soft tissue hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Sleep-disordered breathing is common. In its mildest form, it manifests as snoring which is often considered a cosmetic complaint. Sleep-related breathing disturbances increase in severity to include the upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) having established medical morbidity and mortality risks. Overt OSAS affects an estimated 4% of men and 2% of women [1]. Because of its significant social, functional, and medical morbidity, OSAS frequently presents for treatment. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure has been the preferred treatment; however, when this or other conservative treatments fail, surgery may be offered. Surgery may bypass the upper airway obstruction or may reconstruct the upper airway, using either skeletal or soft tissue techniques. It is commonly accepted that airway obstruction in OSA is complex and in most patients multilevel [2]. Surgical goals are to increase airway size, decrease airway collapsibility, decrease airway resistance and the work of breathing, and reduce partial and complete airway obstructions (apnea and hypopnea). Improved ventilation reduces sleep and medical manifestations of OSAS. This article addresses specific surgical procedures to treat lower pharyngeal and tongue-related airway obstruction. Algorithms for treatment Various surgical algorithms have been described to treatbothsnoringandOSAS.Mostdecisionsarebased
La cultura popular como fuente. Procesos de inocultamiento en obras literarias y artísticas mexicanas del siglo xx

Basandose en algunos ejemplos concretos, y partiendo de la idea de inocul­tamiento evocada por Carlos Monsivais al hablar del arte de la Revolucion mexicana, este articulo reflexiona sobre el legado dejado por la cultura po­pular a los artistas y escritores mexicanos del siglo xx. De manera gene­ral, dicho legado se caracterizaria por el desarrollo de un espiritu critico en numerosas obras posrevolucionarias, por la expansion de lo satirico y, de manera similar al arte carnavalesco, por la funcion que llega a ocupar la risa en el reajuste de las anomalias sociales.
Rhythm versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and flutter

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SOURCE This is a systematic review abstract, a regular feature of the Annals’ Evidence-Based Emergency Medicine (EBEM) series. Each features an abstract of a systematic review from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and a commentary by an emergency physician knowledgeable in the subject area. The source for this systematic review abstract is: Cordina J, Mead G. Pharmacologic conversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter (Cochrane review). Chichester, UK: Cochrane Library; 2005; issue 4. The Annals’ EBEM editors helped prepare the abstract of this Cochrane systematic review, as well as the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Points.
Direct verification of warped hierarchy-and-flavor models

We consider direct experimental verification of warped models, based on the Randall-Sundrum (RS) scenario, that explain gauge and flavor hierarchies, assuming that the gauge fields and fermions of the Standard Model (SM) propagate in the 5D bulk. Most studies have focused on the bosonic Kaluza Klein (KK) signatures and indicate that discovering gauge KK modes is likely possible, yet challenging, while graviton KK modes are unlikely to be accessible at the LHC, even with a luminosity upgrade. We show that direct evidence for bulk SM fermions, i.e. their KK modes, is likely also beyond the reach of a luminosity-upgraded LHC. Thus, neither the spin-2 KK graviton, the most distinct RS signal, nor the KK SM fermions, direct evidence for bulk flavor, seem to be within the reach of the LHC. We then consider hadron colliders with vs. = 21, 28, and 60 TeV. We find that discovering the first KK modes of SM fermions and the graviton typically requires the Next Hadron Collider (NHC) with {radical}s {approx} 60 TeV and O(1) ab-1 of integrated luminosity. If the LHC yields hints of these warped models, establishing that Nature is described by them, or their 4D CFT duals, requires an NHC-class machinemore » in the post-LHC experimental program.« less
EGFR and EGFRvIII undergo stress- and EGFR kinase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial translocalization: A potential mechanism of EGFR-driven antagonism of apoptosis

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an essential role in normal development, tumorigenesis and malignant biology of human cancers, and is known to undergo intracellular trafficking to subcellular organelles. Although several studies have shown that EGFR translocates into the mitochondria in cancer cells, it remains unclear whether mitochondrially localized EGFR has an impact on the cells and whether EGFRvIII, a constitutively activated variant of EGFR, undergoes mitochondrial transport similar to EGFR.
A vehicle flow controller for AHS

A link layer controller for the PATH automated highway system (AHS) architecture is presented. The control of vehicle traffic in a multilane stretch of highway is considered. Vehicles are assumed to be of different types and have different destination. Based on a conservation of vehicles model and Lyapunov techniques, a velocity control is derived. This controller stabilizes vehicular density and velocity along the highway to predetermined profiles. Performance is illustrated by simulation results.
Myocellular basis for tapering in competitive distance runners

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 3-wk taper on the physiology of competitive distance runners. We studied seven collegiate distance runners (20 ± 1 yr, 66 ± 1 kg) before an...
Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness of high school girls

Background: Childhood physical inactivity may exacerbate other behaviorally linked cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which have been associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality later in life. Evidence suggests that physical activity as adults is related to their exercise patterns as children. Methods: Television watching and Internet use time were evaluated for one week, and their relationships to various physical fitness parameters among 129 high school girls were assessed. Leisure-time physical activity, quantified by a 21-day physical activity diary and a compendium of physical activities with metabolic equivalent (MET) intensities, and attitudinal belief to leisure-time physical activity were compared to all the aforementioned variables. Results: No significant correlations were found between television watching time or Internet use time with body mass index, one-mile run time, and three different operational definitions of leisure-time physical activ...
On multicast flow control for heterogeneous receivers

In this paper, we study the impact of heterogeneous receivers on the throughput of multicast flow control and propose a new multicast flow control algorithm to optimally partition group members into multiple subgroups. Our main contributions are as follows. First, we cast the multicast flow control problem in the Internet as the list partition problem and then prove that the list partition problem is equivalent to the optimal paging problem in cellular networks. The result is not only interesting in itself but also essential to derive the first known analytical bounds for the throughput of multicast flow control. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to solve not only the list partition problem but also the optimal paging problem and the problem of bulk data transfer using multiple multicast groups. The complexity of our algorithm is one order less than the best known algorithm designed only for the problem of bulk data transfer using multiple multicast groups in the literature. While earlier work uses simulations to justify the usage of multiple subgroups to deliver information to a large amount of receivers in heterogeneous networks, we provide the first analytical support.
Successful acquisition of certifiable application systems (or: How not to shake hands with the tar baby)

The authors have investigated how to certify the trustworthiness of application systems built to satisfy stringent security requirements and have undertaken the certification analysis of two command and control systems targeted at the B3 class of the DoD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC). Based on these experiences, the authors have gained many insights into the certification and procurement of trusted application systems. Certifying a trusted application system in a contractual environment presents both technical and programmatic challenges. The procurement policy must to some extent take into account the certification approach. This paper documents some of the lessons learned during the authors' investigations. >
On Rubin’s variant of the p-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture

We study Rubin’s variant of the p-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for CM elliptic curves concerning certain special values of the Katz two-variable p-adic L-function that lie outside the range of p-adic interpolation.
Conservative Beliefs, Attitudes Toward Bisexuality, and Willingness to Engage in Romantic and Sexual Activities With a Bisexual Partner

Negative attitudes toward bisexuals have been documented among heterosexuals as well as lesbians/gay men, and a common theme is that bisexuals would not be suitable romantic or sexual partners. While gender, sexual orientation, and attitudes toward bisexuality influence people's willingness to engage in romantic or sexual activities with a bisexual partner, there are other individual differences that may contribute. The current study examined the associations between four types of conservative beliefs and willingness to engage in romantic/sexual activities with a bisexual partner in a sample of heterosexuals and lesbians/gay men (N = 438). Attitudes toward bisexuality were examined as a mediator of these associations. In general, results indicated that higher social dominance orientation, political conservatism, and essentialist beliefs about the discreteness of homosexuality were associated with lower willingness to engage in romantic/sexual activities with a bisexual partner. Further, more negative attitudes toward bisexuality mediated these associations. There were several meaningful differences in these associations between heterosexual women, heterosexual men, lesbian women, and gay men, suggesting that influences on people's willingness to be romantically or sexually involved with a bisexual partner may differ for different gender and sexual orientation groups. Implications for reducing stigma and discrimination against bisexual individuals are addressed.
CIVL: formal verification of parallel programs

CIVL is a framework for static analysis and verification of concurrent programs. One of the main challenges to practical application of these techniques is the large number of ways to express concurrency: MPI, OpenMP, CUDA, and Pthreads, for example, are just a few of many "concurrency dialects" in wide use today. These dialects are constantly evolving and it is increasingly common to use several of them in a single "hybrid" program. CIVL addresses these problems by providing a concurrency intermediate verification language, CIVL-C, as well as translators that consume C programs using these dialects and produce CIVL-C. Analysis and verification tools which operate on CIVL-C can then be applied easily to a wide variety of concurrent C programs. We demonstrate CIVL's error detection and verification capabilities on (1) an MPI+OpenMP program that estimates &#x03C0; and contains a subtle race condition, and (2) an MPI-based 1d-wave simulator that fails to conform to a simple sequential implementation.
A Review of Security and Human Behaviors

Detailed notes from the event Security and Human Behavior. From the conference description:Security is both a feeling and a reality, and they're different. There are several different research communities: technologists who study security systems, and psychologists who study people, not to mention economists, anthropologists and others. Increasingly these worlds are colliding.
Influence, Nudging, and Beyond

Nudging is a form of soft paternalism whereby governments manipulate the choice architectures of citizens to steer them toward desired outcomes (including eating better, voting more often, being less aggressive and violent, being more compassionate, living healthier, and leading more fulfilling lives). From the perspective of social activists (including moral entrepreneurs of various stripes), public health officials, social marketers, and government actors, the more subtle forms of nudging help mitigate populist backlash against nanny states which are viewed as overly aggressive and instrusive in mandating by force of law that citizens do what’s best for them or face repurcussions. In his latest book, Cass Sunstein examines both the pros and cons of the use of behavioral economics by governments to nudge sometimes reluctant publics to pursue goals and establish lifestyles which experts believe will maximize life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Prostate cancer: The applicability of textural analysis of MRI for grading

The ability of computers to derive the Gleason score of a tumour directly from the pixel-to-pixel variations that encompass radiological texture has been shown to be accurate. However, the methodology did not mirror the daily clinical task that radiologists face. Further research is required to validate the applicability of this technique.
Funding New Business Ventures: Differences In Minority And Non-Minority Family-Owned Business Access To Start-Up Capital

Access to start-up capital is important in starting any business venture. In addition, the source of that start-up capital can sometimes affect the prospects for success in the new business venture. This study examines the differences in the source of start-up funds between male minority and male non-minority family business owners. The findings indicate that male minority family business owners more often use credit cards and gifts from family as a source of start-up funds whereas the male non-minority family business owners rely more often on bank loans. The authors propose a more extensive survey of a larger sample of family business owners in order to further identify differences in source of start-up capital between male minority and male non-minority family business owners.
The Structure and Development of Two Sex Specific Glands in Male Caribbean Fruit Flies

Salivary glands of a type previously undescribed from insects occur in adult male Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), the Caribbean fruit fly, but not in females. In males the salivary glands extend into the abdomen, branch into numerous finger-like diverticula, and finally terminate as a large ball of coiled tubules on each side of the abdomen. The ball of tubules grows from a diam of 0.3 mm to 1 mm between day 5 and day 10 of adult life. Sexually dimorphic glands, herein named pleural glands, composed of epidermal cells also occur in adult males. A continuous sheet of these epidermal cells extends from the pleural margin to the edge of the segmented cuticle at the ventral midline in abdominal segments 3, 4, and 5. In adult males these epidermal cells enlarge between day 5 and day 9. The maximum size of cells varies from 25–35 µm height. The epidermal cells in females do not enlarge.
Effect of Temperature on the Progeny Production and Longevity of Lespesia archippivora in the Laboratory

The reproduction and the lifespan of the female tachinid parasite Lespesia anhippivora (Riley) in the laboratory were directly related to temperature. The largest number of off-spring (425) was obtained from a single female held at 30ଌ the means of total production ranged from 13 to 15°C to 225 at 25°C. When reproductive activity was measured as the mean number of puparia produced per oviposition day, activity appeared to peak (15.9) at 30°C Mean female longevity ranged from 40 to 53 days at 15°C to 12 to 16 days at 35°C depending on the length of the daily oviposition period (4 or 6.5 hr). Most oviposition occurred before the 15th day after eclosion.
Heterobimetallic complexes with polar, unsupported Cu-Fe and Zn-Fe bonds stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes

Heterobimetallic complexes of the formulations (NHC)Cu–FeCp(CO)2 (NHC = IPr, IMes, SIMes), (IPr)Cu–MoCp(CO)3, and (IPr)(Cl)Zn–FeCp(CO)2 were synthesized in high yield from readily available starting materials and characterized crystallographically. The solid-state structures of the Cu–Fe systems reveal close, secondary interactions between Cu and one CO ligand from the [FeCp(CO)2] unit that are absent in the Zn–Fe analogue. The heterobimetallic complexes feature short yet polar Cu–Fe, Cu–Mo, and Zn–Fe bonds in which the electrophilic metal (Cu, Zn) is later in the transition series than the nucleophilic metal (Fe, Mo), thereby subverting the more common early–late heterobimetallic paradigm. DFT analyses were used to assess M–M′ bond polarity and examine effects on M–M′ bonding of systematic modifications to both the nucleophilic and electrophilic fragments. Experimental confirmation of Cu–Fe bond polarity was obtained by analysis of product mixtures resulting from the reactions between (NHC)Cu–FeCp(CO)2 c...
Determining serialization order for serializable snapshot isolation

Abstract Snapshot Isolation (SI) is in wide use by database systems but does not guarantee serializability. Serializable snapshot isolation (SSI) was defined in 2008 by Cahill, Rohm, and Fekete in Ref. [1] and an enhanced version that we call ESSI was defined in 2009 by the same authors [2] . Both guarantee serializable execution by aborting transactions that might be involved in anomalies, but occasional transactions are aborted unnecessarily. The resulting commit order is often different from the serialization order and this can confuse bank auditors, for example. In this paper we show how to determine the proper serialization order of these transactions and store this information for later access. With this known serialization order the database system can perform time-travel queries to capture snapshots of consistent database states in the past. Our algorithm assigns to each SSI or ESSI transaction at its commit time an appropriate serialization order timestamp that falls within the transaction lifetime, i.e., between its start-time and commit-time. The algorithm uses only information already gathered by the algorithm implementing ESSI in [2] .
The Yucatan Miniature Swine: An Improved Pig Model for the Study of Desoxycorticosterone-Acetate (DOCA) and Aldosterone Hypertension

AbstractBlood pressure responses to chronic desoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) or d-aldosterone (Aldo) administration in the intact adult Yucatan miniature boar were investigated. Daily pressure measurements were made between 9:00 AM and noon from Tygon carotid artery catheters. Following several days of baseline observations, DOCA-impregnated silastic strips, Aldo-impregnated silastic strips, or silastic alone (control) were implanted subcutaneously in the right or left flank under light thiamylal (Surital) anesthesia. Observations were continued for 3 weeks. Blood pressures with either steroid were significantly different from control within one week postimplantation. They continued to rise throughout the study period from a preimplant level of 100-110 mg Hg to a mean of 140 mm Hg. These studies demonstrate that the Yucatan miniature boar, in contrast to other animal models previously described, will readily develop hypertension with either DOCA or Aldo and that such studies can be conducted in the int...
Follicular fluid estradiol and progesterone are markers of preovulatory oocyte quality.

Follicular fluid estradiol (FF E2) and progesterone (P) have previously been shown to vary with the maturation of the follicle. A profile of follicular fluid E2 and P was obtained from follicles of 19 preovulatory oocytes, which resulted in normal term pregnancies from single embryo transfers. A narrow band was defined around the linear regression line E2/P = 1.2 X 10(-2) + 1.57 X 10(-4) E2, r = 0.806, P less than 0.01, when E2/P was plotted versus E2 that included 84.2% of these oocytes. Eleven of the 19 pregnancies were clustered between an E2 of 240 to 460 ng/ml and an E2/P ratio of 0.044 to 0.084. Sixty-eight patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were studied. A significantly greater number of preovulatory follicles from the fertilized, cleaved, and pregnant group (10 of 40) was found in the cluster than from the fertilized, cleaved, but not pregnant group (4 of 46; P = 0.04) and fertilized but not cleaved group (0 of 13; P = 0.04). Significantly more pregnant patients (14 of 20) had a preovulatory follicle within the band than nonpregnant patients (11 of 36) (P less than .02), as well as in the cluster (10 of 20), compared with 4 of 36, respectively (P less than 0.01). It may be concluded that a range of FF E2 and E2/P values define a stage of maturation that is compatible with successful pregnancies.
A Review and Technological Consideration of the Bona Fide Group Perspective

Although group research has explored a variety of new theories, methodologies, and technologies over the past three decades, the bona fide group perspective is still a meaningful framework for unde...
The stories we tell: how age, gender, and forgiveness affect the emotional content of autobiographical narratives.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Researchers have been attempting to understand the variables that predict differences in autobiographical narratives, given that these differences often reveal important informa...
How Organizational Factors Affect R&D Innovation

(1978). How Organizational Factors Affect R&D Innovation. Research Management: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 12-15.
Engaging with Records and Archives: Histories and Theories

Archives are typically imagined as a file morgue, that dusty place to which papers, records, and other collections are deposited for permanent storage.
Identifying risk for language impairment in children from linguistically diverse low-income schools.

AbstractPurpose: To improve screening procedures for children in a linguistically diverse context, we combined tasks known to reveal grammatical deficits in children with language impairment (LI) with training to facilitate performance on a verb elicitation task.Method: Sixty-four first grade children participated. The objective grammatical measures included elicitation of 12 past tense regular verbs preceded by a teaching phase (teach-test), the sentence recall (SR) subtest of the Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals (CELF-4), and a tally of all conjugated verbs from a narrative retell task. Given the widespread reliance on teacher observation for the referral of children suspected of having LI, we compared our results to the spoken language portion of the CELF-4 teacher observational rating scale (ORS).Result: Using teacher observation as a reference for comparison, the past tense elicitation task and the SR task yielded strong discriminating power, but the verb tally was relatively weak. Howeve...
Rejoinder: How Special was 2016?

Five responses from leading scholars of American politics have given us a great deal to think about. Several themes emerge from the responses. The first is the challenge of the addressing how relev...
Reframing pediatric cardiac intensive care outcomes: The importance of the family and the role of pediatric medical traumatic stress

Abstract With mortality in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) low at 2–4%, the majority of children survive their admission. While the CICU experience is often part of a broader story of living with and managing cardiac disease, many children are impacted by CICU experience with changes to their physical health, neurocognition, psychological health, and quality of life. Risk factors for poor outcomes after a CICU admission include potentially fixed and immutable factors such as congenital heart disease severity, therapeutic interventions, and hospitalization characteristics. A potential key modifiable factor in child outcomes is the family's ability to facilitate a child's emotional and physical recovery after a CICU admission. For parents, though, having their child admitted to a CICU is often a traumatic experience that can result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and family burden. Examining the family experience through the Integrative (Trajectory) Model of Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress could identify modifiable factors to target with interventions for improving child and family outcomes after a CICU admission.
Mechanisms of mutant p53 stabilization in cancer.

p53 transactivates cell cycle inhibitory, apoptosis or senescence-related genes in response to DNA damage to protect the genetic integrity of the cell. Highlighting its critical tumor suppressor functions, p53 is mutated, lost, or functionally inactivated in nearly all cancers. When mutated within its core DNA binding domain, p53’s normal instability is abrogated, and oncogenic gain-of-function properties are observed accompanied by massive accumulation of steady state mutant p53 protein levels relative to the low or undetectable steady state level of wild-type (WT) p53 in normal cells. Mutation of p53 may affect its stability through a combination of mutant p53’s inherent biochemical and biophysical properties as well as pathways aberrantly activated in genetically damaged cells. The increased stability of mutant p53 proteins is key to its ability to accumulate to high levels and phenotypically exhibit “gain-of-function” properties. In this chapter we will address the multifaceted ways in which intrinsic mutant p53 properties intersect with emergent properties of cancer cells to yield the stable mutant p53 phenotype.
CNS diseases associated with varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus infection. Pathogenesis and current therapy.

CNS disorders are associated with both herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections. The pathogenesis of these disorders is discussed and recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and therapy of these diseases are made.
Osmotic Pressures for Binary Solutions of Non-electrolytes

A comprehensive new theory of osmotic pressure is mechanistically derived to be applicable to incompressible binary solutions of non-electrolytes independent of solute concentrations, membrane selectivity, solution ideality, and without recourse to adjustable parameters. The approach employed relies on Fick’s diffusion laws, and introduces the concept of uncoupled aggregate diffusion. The theory is verified using direct and indirect experimental data of sucrose solutions and then compared to conventional osmotic pressure laws. Direct consequences of the new theory entail novel a priori expressions for the activity, activity coefficient, and chemical potential of solvent. Applications to drug delivery and biomolecular separation nanotechnology are discussed.
Underutilization of Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Support Strategies Despite High Smoking Addiction Burden in Peripheral Artery Disease Specialty Care: Insights from the International PORTRAIT Registry.

Background Smoking is the most important risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Smoking cessation is key in PAD management. We aimed to examine smoking rates and smoking cessation interve...
Hepatic Manifestations in Glycogen Storage Disease Type III

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is an orphan disease that mainly affects the liver, heart, and skeletal muscles. It is caused by the deficiency of glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE), resulting in accumulation of glycogen (limit dextrin) primarily in the cytoplasm. With an increase in life expectancy in patients and advances in research, long-term hepatic manifestations are being recognized. This review examines our understanding of the natural history of the hepatic manifestations of GSD III and the importance of developing definitive therapies. Animal models have shown specific trends in biochemical and histological features such as changes in liver enzymes and progressive hepatic fibrosis, with increasing age. In our clinical experience, patients with GSD III show similar trends. Our review highlights (a) hepatic manifestations in GSD III, (b) the natural history, (c) existing animal models, and (d) current research on therapeutic approaches.
Developing a Typology of Native Advertising: An Abstract

The Pew Research Center (2017) states that digital advertising operations continue to grow as legacy print news organizations expand their digital presence online. A development that has allowed legacy news organizations to diversify their revenue stream is native advertising. Native advertising is the practice of developing advertisements that appear similar to editorial content (Howe and Teufel 2014; American Press Institute 2013). The development of native advertising is interesting since the common practice in print news outlets has traditionally been to separate editorial content from advertising (Soley and Craig 1992). However, advertisers believe that this new approach to sponsored media content boosts ad revenue and builds consumer loyalty—without compromising the editorial quality and integrity of a publication (Pew 2017). In fact, it is suggested that native digital ad spending in the USA will increase significantly in the next few years (Fast Company 2017; eMarketer 2017). Therefore, the adoption among various news outlets has been strong in recent years, and the researchers expect to find a plethora of native ads in news outlets. Yet our understanding of the production characteristics of these advertisements is limited. Therefore, it is argued that a typology of native advertisements is necessary to understand the impact native advertisements have on consumers. To gain an understanding, this study will adopt a framework utilized by Hernandez and Rue (2016) that has been used to classify digital news packages. The framework is shaped as a triangle, at the top corner is the continuous category, the left corner is comprehensive category, and finally at the right corner is the immersive category. Continuous refers to use of traditional narrative format that is linear in format, comprehensive refers to a layout that contains multiple elements besides pure narrative to tell the story, and the immersive category is defined as an engaging environment where the reader is encouraged to explore by use of several tools. It is the hope that developing a typology that explores the distinguishing characteristics among various examples of native advertisements will offer a fresh perspective that researchers can use to reinvestigate questions of relevancy, quality, and transparency among native ads. Overall, practitioners would be better prepared to understand this new revenue model and able to participate in the development and the evaluation of newly created native advertisements.
A Novel Flexible Electrotextile 3T MRI RF Coil Array for Carotid Artery Imaging: Design, Characterization, and Prototyping

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful imaging modality in clinics and is essential for the diagnosis of strokes through carotid artery imaging. The limiting factor for high-quality MRI is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of the radio frequency (RF) coils. The current RF surface coils, however, are made of rigid or semiflexible materials with very limited bending properties. As a result, their SNR is limited because they cannot be placed very close to the imaging area, thus receiving noises from parts of the human body, which are not intended to be imaged. Taking advantage of the computerized embroidery and laser cutting technology, in this paper, we utilize electrotextile to design, fabricate, and measure multilayer RF coil array system for 3 Tesla (3T) MRI to improve the SNR performance. The proposed RF coil array system provides an ergonomic and high-performance solution to the 3T MRI systems. A roadmap to systematically design electrotextile RF coil arrays is proposed. RF coil array is characterized to have the accurate resonant frequency, good impedance matching, and low mutual coupling. In addition, magnetic field distribution, bending effects, and human body effects are also discussed. A systematic method to characterize the performance of the electrotextile pattern is studied and used to assist the development and performance characterization. Finally, the high resolution and high SNR images of various kinds of phantoms are obtained using the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Antenna Lab electrotextile coil array after its integration with the 3T MRI scanners at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Translational Research Imaging Center. Compared with the conventional surface coil, more than 10 dB SNR increase is observed at the depth of 0.5 cm and 3 dB increase at the depth of 3 cm.
Initial Experience with Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy, with Description and Video of Technique

Gastric per oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is a recently developed incisionless procedure to address gastroparesis. It has been previously described to treat medical and postsurgical gastroparesis. The present study is a case series of patients undergoing G-POEM for a variety of indications, both elective and urgent. IRB approval was obtained for retrospective review of a prospectively collected database including patients who underwent G-POEM during a 1.5-year period. Using an upper endoscope, a mucosotomy is made 2 cm proximal to the pylorus on the anterior surface of the stomach. A submucosal tunnel is made to the pylorus muscle, which is completed incised. When possible, Endoflip® was used to evaluate pyloric distensibility before and after the myotomy. Patient demographic factors, additional procedures, and other follow-up were collected by chart review. Elective cases were offered repeat gastric emptying study at 6 months. There were 17 patients available for review. The procedure was technically completed in all cases. There was one gastric perforation recognized on postoperative day two that was addressed with laparoscopy and omental patch. Median length of stay was zero days, and 13/17 (76%) of patients experienced symptomatic relief. Pyloric distensibility significantly decreased intraoperatively from 5.6 (± 1.7) to 10.8 (± 5.0) cm2/mmHg (p = 0.002). This limited case series demonstrates G-POEM to be a versatile procedure able to address gastroparesis in a variety of settings. Success rates are congruent with previously published reports, and one serious complication was able to be addressed laparoscopically. Endoflip® was able to verify a successful myotomy intraoperatively. This procedure is an attractive alternative to less effective non-invasive treatments and a more invasive laparoscopic pyloroplasty.
Parallelism in practice: experiences teaching concurrency and parallelism in an undergraduate OS course

Parallelism and concurrency are important topics that, according to ACM guidelines, should be part of every undergraduate computer science education. At Grinnell College, these concepts are covered in CSC 213, the operating systems course. In this course, students complete a series of four labs on concurrency to learn the basics of threads and data-parallel computation, how to deal with concurrency errors, and how to write efficient, scalable parallel code. This paper describes these labs and our experience using them for three sections of CSC 213.
From the Self to the Social Regulation of Emotion: An Evolving Psychological and Neural Model

Imagine that you have just moved across the country to take a job as a professor at a new and exciting university. Beyond all the usual pragmatic hassles, like organizing the move, finding a place to live, and so on, perhaps the biggest challenges you will face are social and emotional. How you adaptively respond to these challenges will go a long way toward determining the ease of your transition, success in this new job, and your overall well-being. For example, you must meet and get to know all your new colleagues and their relationships to one another, including their relative differences in disposition, status, and friendship. At your new place of residence, you will meet new neighbors and come to understand their connections to one another. At your children’s school, you will meet many new parents and children and will come to know the complex web of relationships that ties them all together. And while doing all of this, you must—of course—be working to keep your research program going, mentoring your students, preparing to teach new classes, and establishing your new lab.
Cranial irradiation acutely and persistently impairs injury-induced microglial proliferation

Abstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play multiple roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis and mediating tissue repair, including proliferating in response to brain injury and disease. Cranial irradiation (CI), used for the treatment of brain tumors, has a long-lasting anti-proliferative effect on a number of cell types in the brain, including oligodendrocyte progenitor and neural progenitor cells; however, the effect of CI on CNS-resident microglial proliferation is not well characterized. Using a sterile cortical needle stab injury model in mice, we found that the ability of CNS-resident microglia to proliferate in response to injury was impaired by prior CI, in a dose-dependent manner, and was nearly abolished by a 20 ​Gy dose. Similarly, in a metastatic tumor model, prior CI (20 ​Gy) reduced microglial proliferation in response to tumor growth. The effect of irradiation was long-lasting; 20 ​Gy CI 6 months prior to stab injury significantly impaired microglial proliferation. We also investigated how stab and/or irradiation impacted levels of P2Y12R, CD68, CSF1, IL-34 and CSF1R, factors involved in the brain’s normal response to injury. P2Y12R, CD68, CSF1, and IL-34 expression were altered by stab similarly in irradiated mice and controls; however, CSF1R was differentially affected. qRT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that CI reduced overall Csf1r mRNA levels and microglial specific CSF1R protein expression, respectively. Interestingly, Csf1r mRNA levels increased after injury in unirradiated controls; however, Csf1r levels were persistently decreased in irradiated mice, and did not increase in response to stab. Together, our data demonstrate that CI leads to a significant and lasting impairment of microglial proliferation, possibly through a CSF1R-mediated mechanism.
Rumination and anxiety-related disorders

Abstract This chapter explores the literature linking rumination and worry with anxiety-related disorders. Starting with generalized anxiety disorder, I first address similarities and differences between worry and rumination before describing the avoidance theories of worry. The chapter then reviews theory and evidence for the roles of pre- and postevent rumination in social anxiety disorder, as well as trauma-focused rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder. I conclude by touching on the nascent literature on rumination in both obsessive–compulsive disorder and illness anxiety disorder.
Reappearance of brucellosis in urban of Liaoning Province and reason analysis

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of brucellosis in urban of Liaoning Province and to analyze the reason for its reoccurrence.Methods Diagnosed new cases that were directly reported via internet in 2010 and 2011 were re-checked [using brucellosis tube agglutination test (SAT) and pathogen separation test].The incidence of human brucellosis was analyzed and contact history of new cases was investigated in urban and rural areas of Liaoning Province.Results Fifty-seven new cases of brucellosis were reported in the cities and 24 of them were verified.All patients were positive in SAT test,and a type Ⅲ brucellosis bacillus was isolated from vein blood of two patients.The number of new cases in urban and rural areas in 2011 (36,817) was significantly higher than that in 2010(21,566).But the incidence ratio of rural areas showed a downward trend compared to that of urban areas(26 ∶ 1 and 22 ∶ 1 in 2010 and 2011,respectively).All the 24 new cases had a history of exposure to beef and mutton via skin,but no human-to-human infection occurred.Conclusions Brucellosis has reappeared in urban of Liaoning Province in a sporadic state.An important reason is that the infection is passed through skin. Key words: Brucellosis; Epidemiology; Factor analysis, statistical
The Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for the Treatment of Suspected Sacroiliac Joint Complex Pain; a Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for the treatment of suspected sacroiliac joint complex (SIJC) pain. DESIGN Systematic review. SUBJECTS Persons aged ≥18 with suspected SIJC pain. COMPARISON Sham, placebo procedure, or active standard of care treatment. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was ≥50% pain improvement, and the secondary outcome was functional improvement of ≥30% at three or more months after the treatment intervention. METHODS Publications in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases were reviewed up to April 3, 2019. Randomized or nonrandomized comparative studies and nonrandomized studies without internal controls were included. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system and the joint consensus American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery/National Institutes of Health recommendations were used for quality assessment and reporting standards. RESULTS Query identified 151 publications; three were appropriate for inclusion. There were no studies of BMAC that met inclusion criteria. There were three eligible PRP studies: one randomized comparative trial (RCT) and two case series. In the single RCT comparing ultrasound-guided PRP with corticosteroid injection for suspected SIJC pain, the PRP group had a significantly increased likelihood of achieving ≥50% improvement of pain at three months (adjusted odds ratio = 37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.65-298.69). Pooled pain outcomes from two studies showed that 28/30, 93% (95% CI = 93-100%), experienced ≥50% pain improvement at three months. CONCLUSIONS The literature supporting the effectiveness of PRP for SIJC pain is very low-quality according to the GRADE system. Well-designed RCTs and large cohort studies with consistent selection protocols and reporting characteristics are needed to determine the effectiveness of PRP and BMAC for the treatment of SIJC pain.